[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163943},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method":3,"nav-reference":2159},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2152,"extension":2153,"meta":2154,"navigation":127,"path":2155,"seo":2156,"stem":2157,"__hash__":2158},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2125},"minimark",[9,13,21,24,34,52,57,157,160,183,189,193,198,206,209,220,223,315,317,349,353,377,383,400,402,493,495,525,532,536,542,629,631,661,664,668,671,769,771,809,812,898,900,930,937,947,951,956,966,968,1060,1062,1092,1095,1104,1108,1113,1122,1148,1150,1175,1178,1194,1196,1262,1266,1271,1311,1313,1330,1332,1343,1449,1456,1460,1465,1508,1510,1541,1543,1559,1635,1637,1659,1663,1666,1672,1683,1688,1696,1699,1770,1772,1797,1856,1858,1879,1888,1897,1904,1908,1913,1937,1940,2018,2021,2035,2042,2046,2050,2056,2060,2070,2074,2081,2085,2091,2095,2121],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-list-pop-method",[14,15,16,20],"p",{},[17,18,19],"code",{},"list.pop()"," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,22,23],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[25,26,27,31],"ul",{},[28,29,30],"li",{},"delete an item from a list",[28,32,33],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,35,36,37,40,41,43,44,51],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[17,38,39],{},"pop()"," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[17,42,39],{}," with ",[45,46,48],"a",{"href":47},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[17,49,50],{},"remove()",", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[53,54,56],"h2",{"id":55},"quick-example","Quick example",[58,59,64],"pre",{"className":60,"code":61,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n","python","",[17,65,66,101,122,129,145],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68,71,75,79,83,87,90,93,95,98],"span",{"class":69,"line":70},"line",1,[67,72,74],{"class":73},"su5hD","numbers ",[67,76,78],{"class":77},"smGrS","=",[67,80,82],{"class":81},"sP7_E"," [",[67,84,86],{"class":85},"srdBf","10",[67,88,89],{"class":81},",",[67,91,92],{"class":85}," 20",[67,94,89],{"class":81},[67,96,97],{"class":85}," 30",[67,99,100],{"class":81},"]\n",[67,102,104,107,109,112,115,119],{"class":69,"line":103},2,[67,105,106],{"class":73},"last_item ",[67,108,78],{"class":77},[67,110,111],{"class":73}," numbers",[67,113,114],{"class":81},".",[67,116,118],{"class":117},"slqww","pop",[67,120,121],{"class":81},"()\n",[67,123,125],{"class":69,"line":124},3,[67,126,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},true,"\n",[67,130,132,136,139,142],{"class":69,"line":131},4,[67,133,135],{"class":134},"sptTA","print",[67,137,138],{"class":81},"(",[67,140,141],{"class":117},"last_item",[67,143,144],{"class":81},")\n",[67,146,148,150,152,155],{"class":69,"line":147},5,[67,149,135],{"class":134},[67,151,138],{"class":81},[67,153,154],{"class":117},"numbers",[67,156,144],{"class":81},[14,158,159],{},"Output:",[58,161,163],{"className":60,"code":162,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[17,164,165,170],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,166,167],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,168,169],{"class":85},"30\n",[67,171,172,175,177,179,181],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,173,174],{"class":81},"[",[67,176,86],{"class":85},[67,178,89],{"class":81},[67,180,92],{"class":85},[67,182,100],{"class":81},[14,184,185,186,188],{},"Use ",[17,187,39],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[53,190,192],{"id":191},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,194,195,197],{},[17,196,39],{}," has two main jobs:",[25,199,200,203],{},[28,201,202],{},"It removes one item from a list",[28,204,205],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,207,208],{},"Important details:",[25,210,211,214,217],{},[28,212,213],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[28,215,216],{},"It changes the original list",[28,218,219],{},"It does not create a new list",[14,221,222],{},"Example:",[58,224,226],{"className":60,"code":225,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[17,227,228,268,272,288,292,303],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,229,230,233,235,237,241,245,247,249,252,255,257,259,261,264,266],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,231,232],{"class":73},"colors ",[67,234,78],{"class":77},[67,236,82],{"class":81},[67,238,240],{"class":239},"sjJ54","\"",[67,242,244],{"class":243},"s_sjI","red",[67,246,240],{"class":239},[67,248,89],{"class":81},[67,250,251],{"class":239}," \"",[67,253,254],{"class":243},"green",[67,256,240],{"class":239},[67,258,89],{"class":81},[67,260,251],{"class":239},[67,262,263],{"class":243},"blue",[67,265,240],{"class":239},[67,267,100],{"class":81},[67,269,270],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,271,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,273,274,277,279,282,284,286],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,275,276],{"class":73},"removed ",[67,278,78],{"class":77},[67,280,281],{"class":73}," colors",[67,283,114],{"class":81},[67,285,118],{"class":117},[67,287,121],{"class":81},[67,289,290],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,291,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,293,294,296,298,301],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,295,135],{"class":134},[67,297,138],{"class":81},[67,299,300],{"class":117},"removed",[67,302,144],{"class":81},[67,304,306,308,310,313],{"class":69,"line":305},6,[67,307,135],{"class":134},[67,309,138],{"class":81},[67,311,312],{"class":117},"colors",[67,314,144],{"class":81},[14,316,159],{},[58,318,320],{"className":60,"code":319,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[17,321,322,327],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,323,324],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,325,326],{"class":73},"blue\n",[67,328,329,331,334,336,338,340,343,345,347],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,330,174],{"class":81},[67,332,333],{"class":239},"'",[67,335,244],{"class":243},[67,337,333],{"class":239},[67,339,89],{"class":81},[67,341,342],{"class":239}," '",[67,344,254],{"class":243},[67,346,333],{"class":239},[67,348,100],{"class":81},[53,350,352],{"id":351},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[58,354,356],{"className":60,"code":355,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"list.pop([index])\n",[17,357,358],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,359,360,364,366,368,371,374],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,361,363],{"class":362},"sZMiF","list",[67,365,114],{"class":81},[67,367,118],{"class":117},[67,369,370],{"class":81},"([",[67,372,373],{"class":117},"index",[67,375,376],{"class":81},"])\n",[14,378,379,380,382],{},"The ",[17,381,373],{}," is optional.",[25,384,385,391,397],{},[28,386,387,388,390],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[17,389,39],{}," removes the last item",[28,392,393,394,396],{},"If you give an index, ",[17,395,39],{}," removes the item at that position",[28,398,399],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,401,222],{},[58,403,405],{"className":60,"code":404,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[17,406,407,442,446,467,471,482],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,408,409,412,414,416,418,420,422,424,426,429,431,433,435,438,440],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,410,411],{"class":73},"letters ",[67,413,78],{"class":77},[67,415,82],{"class":81},[67,417,240],{"class":239},[67,419,45],{"class":243},[67,421,240],{"class":239},[67,423,89],{"class":81},[67,425,251],{"class":239},[67,427,428],{"class":243},"b",[67,430,240],{"class":239},[67,432,89],{"class":81},[67,434,251],{"class":239},[67,436,437],{"class":243},"c",[67,439,240],{"class":239},[67,441,100],{"class":81},[67,443,444],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,445,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,447,448,451,453,456,458,460,462,465],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,449,450],{"class":73},"item ",[67,452,78],{"class":77},[67,454,455],{"class":73}," letters",[67,457,114],{"class":81},[67,459,118],{"class":117},[67,461,138],{"class":81},[67,463,464],{"class":85},"1",[67,466,144],{"class":81},[67,468,469],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,470,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,472,473,475,477,480],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,474,135],{"class":134},[67,476,138],{"class":81},[67,478,479],{"class":117},"item",[67,481,144],{"class":81},[67,483,484,486,488,491],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,485,135],{"class":134},[67,487,138],{"class":81},[67,489,490],{"class":117},"letters",[67,492,144],{"class":81},[14,494,159],{},[58,496,498],{"className":60,"code":497,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[17,499,500,505],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,501,502],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,503,504],{"class":73},"b\n",[67,506,507,509,511,513,515,517,519,521,523],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,508,174],{"class":81},[67,510,333],{"class":239},[67,512,45],{"class":243},[67,514,333],{"class":239},[67,516,89],{"class":81},[67,518,342],{"class":239},[67,520,437],{"class":243},[67,522,333],{"class":239},[67,524,100],{"class":81},[14,526,527,528,114],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[45,529,531],{"href":530},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained for beginners",[53,533,535],{"id":534},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,537,538,539,541],{},"When you call ",[17,540,39],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[58,543,545],{"className":60,"code":544,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[17,546,547,583,587,603,607,618],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,548,549,552,554,556,558,561,563,565,567,570,572,574,576,579,581],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,550,551],{"class":73},"tasks ",[67,553,78],{"class":77},[67,555,82],{"class":81},[67,557,240],{"class":239},[67,559,560],{"class":243},"write",[67,562,240],{"class":239},[67,564,89],{"class":81},[67,566,251],{"class":239},[67,568,569],{"class":243},"test",[67,571,240],{"class":239},[67,573,89],{"class":81},[67,575,251],{"class":239},[67,577,578],{"class":243},"submit",[67,580,240],{"class":239},[67,582,100],{"class":81},[67,584,585],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,586,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,588,589,592,594,597,599,601],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,590,591],{"class":73},"last_task ",[67,593,78],{"class":77},[67,595,596],{"class":73}," tasks",[67,598,114],{"class":81},[67,600,118],{"class":117},[67,602,121],{"class":81},[67,604,605],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,606,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,608,609,611,613,616],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,610,135],{"class":134},[67,612,138],{"class":81},[67,614,615],{"class":117},"last_task",[67,617,144],{"class":81},[67,619,620,622,624,627],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,621,135],{"class":134},[67,623,138],{"class":81},[67,625,626],{"class":117},"tasks",[67,628,144],{"class":81},[14,630,159],{},[58,632,634],{"className":60,"code":633,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[17,635,636,641],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,637,638],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,639,640],{"class":73},"submit\n",[67,642,643,645,647,649,651,653,655,657,659],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,644,174],{"class":81},[67,646,333],{"class":239},[67,648,560],{"class":243},[67,650,333],{"class":239},[67,652,89],{"class":81},[67,654,342],{"class":239},[67,656,569],{"class":243},[67,658,333],{"class":239},[67,660,100],{"class":81},[14,662,663],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[53,665,667],{"id":666},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,669,670],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[58,672,674],{"className":60,"code":673,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[17,675,676,721,725,744,748,758],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,677,678,681,683,685,687,690,692,694,696,699,701,703,705,708,710,712,714,717,719],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,679,680],{"class":73},"fruits ",[67,682,78],{"class":77},[67,684,82],{"class":81},[67,686,240],{"class":239},[67,688,689],{"class":243},"apple",[67,691,240],{"class":239},[67,693,89],{"class":81},[67,695,251],{"class":239},[67,697,698],{"class":243},"banana",[67,700,240],{"class":239},[67,702,89],{"class":81},[67,704,251],{"class":239},[67,706,707],{"class":243},"cherry",[67,709,240],{"class":239},[67,711,89],{"class":81},[67,713,251],{"class":239},[67,715,716],{"class":243},"orange",[67,718,240],{"class":239},[67,720,100],{"class":81},[67,722,723],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,724,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,726,727,729,731,734,736,738,740,742],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,728,276],{"class":73},[67,730,78],{"class":77},[67,732,733],{"class":73}," fruits",[67,735,114],{"class":81},[67,737,118],{"class":117},[67,739,138],{"class":81},[67,741,464],{"class":85},[67,743,144],{"class":81},[67,745,746],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,747,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,749,750,752,754,756],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,751,135],{"class":134},[67,753,138],{"class":81},[67,755,300],{"class":117},[67,757,144],{"class":81},[67,759,760,762,764,767],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,761,135],{"class":134},[67,763,138],{"class":81},[67,765,766],{"class":117},"fruits",[67,768,144],{"class":81},[14,770,159],{},[58,772,774],{"className":60,"code":773,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[17,775,776,781],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,777,778],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,779,780],{"class":73},"banana\n",[67,782,783,785,787,789,791,793,795,797,799,801,803,805,807],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,784,174],{"class":81},[67,786,333],{"class":239},[67,788,689],{"class":243},[67,790,333],{"class":239},[67,792,89],{"class":81},[67,794,342],{"class":239},[67,796,707],{"class":243},[67,798,333],{"class":239},[67,800,89],{"class":81},[67,802,342],{"class":239},[67,804,716],{"class":243},[67,806,333],{"class":239},[67,808,100],{"class":81},[14,810,811],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[58,813,815],{"className":60,"code":814,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[17,816,817,849,853,874,878,888],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,818,819,821,823,825,827,829,831,833,835,837,839,841,843,845,847],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,820,680],{"class":73},[67,822,78],{"class":77},[67,824,82],{"class":81},[67,826,240],{"class":239},[67,828,689],{"class":243},[67,830,240],{"class":239},[67,832,89],{"class":81},[67,834,251],{"class":239},[67,836,698],{"class":243},[67,838,240],{"class":239},[67,840,89],{"class":81},[67,842,251],{"class":239},[67,844,707],{"class":243},[67,846,240],{"class":239},[67,848,100],{"class":81},[67,850,851],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,852,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,854,855,857,859,861,863,865,867,870,872],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,856,276],{"class":73},[67,858,78],{"class":77},[67,860,733],{"class":73},[67,862,114],{"class":81},[67,864,118],{"class":117},[67,866,138],{"class":81},[67,868,869],{"class":77},"-",[67,871,464],{"class":85},[67,873,144],{"class":81},[67,875,876],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,877,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,879,880,882,884,886],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,881,135],{"class":134},[67,883,138],{"class":81},[67,885,300],{"class":117},[67,887,144],{"class":81},[67,889,890,892,894,896],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,891,135],{"class":134},[67,893,138],{"class":81},[67,895,766],{"class":117},[67,897,144],{"class":81},[14,899,159],{},[58,901,903],{"className":60,"code":902,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[17,904,905,910],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,906,907],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,908,909],{"class":73},"cherry\n",[67,911,912,914,916,918,920,922,924,926,928],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,913,174],{"class":81},[67,915,333],{"class":239},[67,917,689],{"class":243},[67,919,333],{"class":239},[67,921,89],{"class":81},[67,923,342],{"class":239},[67,925,698],{"class":243},[67,927,333],{"class":239},[67,929,100],{"class":81},[14,931,932,933,936],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[17,934,935],{},"-1"," means the last item.",[14,938,939,940,114],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[45,941,943,946],{"href":942},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[17,944,945],{},"list.index()"," method",[53,948,950],{"id":949},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,952,953,955],{},[17,954,39],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,957,958,959,961,962,114],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[17,960,39],{}," and ",[45,963,964],{"href":47},[17,965,50],{},[14,967,222],{},[58,969,971],{"className":60,"code":970,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[17,972,973,1009,1013,1034,1038,1049],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,974,975,978,980,982,984,987,989,991,993,996,998,1000,1002,1005,1007],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,976,977],{"class":73},"names ",[67,979,78],{"class":77},[67,981,82],{"class":81},[67,983,240],{"class":239},[67,985,986],{"class":243},"Ana",[67,988,240],{"class":239},[67,990,89],{"class":81},[67,992,251],{"class":239},[67,994,995],{"class":243},"Ben",[67,997,240],{"class":239},[67,999,89],{"class":81},[67,1001,251],{"class":239},[67,1003,1004],{"class":243},"Cara",[67,1006,240],{"class":239},[67,1008,100],{"class":81},[67,1010,1011],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,1012,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,1014,1015,1018,1020,1023,1025,1027,1029,1032],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,1016,1017],{"class":73},"removed_name ",[67,1019,78],{"class":77},[67,1021,1022],{"class":73}," names",[67,1024,114],{"class":81},[67,1026,118],{"class":117},[67,1028,138],{"class":81},[67,1030,1031],{"class":85},"0",[67,1033,144],{"class":81},[67,1035,1036],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,1037,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,1039,1040,1042,1044,1047],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,1041,135],{"class":134},[67,1043,138],{"class":81},[67,1045,1046],{"class":117},"removed_name",[67,1048,144],{"class":81},[67,1050,1051,1053,1055,1058],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,1052,135],{"class":134},[67,1054,138],{"class":81},[67,1056,1057],{"class":117},"names",[67,1059,144],{"class":81},[14,1061,159],{},[58,1063,1065],{"className":60,"code":1064,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[17,1066,1067,1072],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1068,1069],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1070,1071],{"class":73},"Ana\n",[67,1073,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082,1084,1086,1088,1090],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,1075,174],{"class":81},[67,1077,333],{"class":239},[67,1079,995],{"class":243},[67,1081,333],{"class":239},[67,1083,89],{"class":81},[67,1085,342],{"class":239},[67,1087,1004],{"class":243},[67,1089,333],{"class":239},[67,1091,100],{"class":81},[14,1093,1094],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,1096,1097,1098,1100,1101,114],{},"By comparison, ",[17,1099,50],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[17,1102,1103],{},"None",[53,1105,1107],{"id":1106},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1109,1110,1112],"h3",{"id":1111},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,1114,1115,1116,1118,1119,114],{},"If the list is empty, ",[17,1117,39],{}," raises an ",[17,1120,1121],{},"IndexError",[58,1123,1125],{"className":60,"code":1124,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[17,1126,1127,1137],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1128,1129,1132,1134],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1130,1131],{"class":73},"items ",[67,1133,78],{"class":77},[67,1135,1136],{"class":81}," []\n",[67,1138,1139,1142,1144,1146],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,1140,1141],{"class":73},"items",[67,1143,114],{"class":81},[67,1145,118],{"class":117},[67,1147,121],{"class":81},[14,1149,159],{},[58,1151,1153],{"className":60,"code":1152,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[17,1154,1155],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1156,1157,1159,1162,1165,1169,1172],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1158,1121],{"class":362},[67,1160,1161],{"class":81},":",[67,1163,1164],{"class":73}," pop ",[67,1166,1168],{"class":1167},"sVHd0","from",[67,1170,1171],{"class":73}," empty ",[67,1173,1174],{"class":362},"list\n",[14,1176,1177],{},"Fix:",[25,1179,1180,1185],{},[28,1181,1182,1183],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[17,1184,39],{},[28,1186,1187,1188,961,1191],{},"Or handle the error with ",[17,1189,1190],{},"try",[17,1192,1193],{},"except",[14,1195,222],{},[58,1197,1199],{"className":60,"code":1198,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[17,1200,1201,1209,1213,1224,1240,1247],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1202,1203,1205,1207],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1204,1131],{"class":73},[67,1206,78],{"class":77},[67,1208,1136],{"class":81},[67,1210,1211],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,1212,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,1214,1215,1218,1221],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,1216,1217],{"class":1167},"if",[67,1219,1220],{"class":73}," items",[67,1222,1223],{"class":81},":\n",[67,1225,1226,1229,1231,1233,1235,1237],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,1227,1228],{"class":134},"    print",[67,1230,138],{"class":81},[67,1232,1141],{"class":117},[67,1234,114],{"class":81},[67,1236,118],{"class":117},[67,1238,1239],{"class":81},"())\n",[67,1241,1242,1245],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,1243,1244],{"class":1167},"else",[67,1246,1223],{"class":81},[67,1248,1249,1251,1253,1255,1258,1260],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,1250,1228],{"class":134},[67,1252,138],{"class":81},[67,1254,240],{"class":239},[67,1256,1257],{"class":243},"The list is empty.",[67,1259,240],{"class":239},[67,1261,144],{"class":81},[1109,1263,1265],{"id":1264},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,1267,1268,1269,114],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[17,1270,1121],{},[58,1272,1274],{"className":60,"code":1273,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[17,1275,1276,1296],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1277,1278,1280,1282,1284,1286,1288,1290,1292,1294],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1279,74],{"class":73},[67,1281,78],{"class":77},[67,1283,82],{"class":81},[67,1285,86],{"class":85},[67,1287,89],{"class":81},[67,1289,92],{"class":85},[67,1291,89],{"class":81},[67,1293,97],{"class":85},[67,1295,100],{"class":81},[67,1297,1298,1300,1302,1304,1306,1309],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,1299,154],{"class":73},[67,1301,114],{"class":81},[67,1303,118],{"class":117},[67,1305,138],{"class":81},[67,1307,1308],{"class":85},"5",[67,1310,144],{"class":81},[14,1312,159],{},[58,1314,1316],{"className":60,"code":1315,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[17,1317,1318],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1319,1320,1322,1324,1327],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1321,1121],{"class":362},[67,1323,1161],{"class":81},[67,1325,1326],{"class":73}," pop index out of ",[67,1328,1329],{"class":134},"range\n",[14,1331,1177],{},[25,1333,1334,1340],{},[28,1335,1336,1337],{},"Check the list length with ",[17,1338,1339],{},"len()",[28,1341,1342],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[58,1344,1346],{"className":60,"code":1345,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[17,1347,1348,1368,1378,1382,1408,1427,1433],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1349,1350,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1351,74],{"class":73},[67,1353,78],{"class":77},[67,1355,82],{"class":81},[67,1357,86],{"class":85},[67,1359,89],{"class":81},[67,1361,92],{"class":85},[67,1363,89],{"class":81},[67,1365,97],{"class":85},[67,1367,100],{"class":81},[67,1369,1370,1373,1375],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,1371,1372],{"class":73},"index ",[67,1374,78],{"class":77},[67,1376,1377],{"class":85}," 2\n",[67,1379,1380],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,1381,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,1383,1384,1386,1389,1392,1395,1398,1401,1403,1405],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,1385,1217],{"class":1167},[67,1387,1388],{"class":85}," 0",[67,1390,1391],{"class":77}," \u003C=",[67,1393,1394],{"class":73}," index ",[67,1396,1397],{"class":77},"\u003C",[67,1399,1400],{"class":134}," len",[67,1402,138],{"class":81},[67,1404,154],{"class":117},[67,1406,1407],{"class":81},"):\n",[67,1409,1410,1412,1414,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,1411,1228],{"class":134},[67,1413,138],{"class":81},[67,1415,154],{"class":117},[67,1417,114],{"class":81},[67,1419,118],{"class":117},[67,1421,138],{"class":81},[67,1423,373],{"class":117},[67,1425,1426],{"class":81},"))\n",[67,1428,1429,1431],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,1430,1244],{"class":1167},[67,1432,1223],{"class":81},[67,1434,1436,1438,1440,1442,1445,1447],{"class":69,"line":1435},7,[67,1437,1228],{"class":134},[67,1439,138],{"class":81},[67,1441,240],{"class":239},[67,1443,1444],{"class":243},"Index is out of range.",[67,1446,240],{"class":239},[67,1448,144],{"class":81},[14,1450,1451,1452,114],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[45,1453,1455],{"href":1454},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1109,1457,1459],{"id":1458},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,1461,1462,1464],{},[17,1463,39],{}," expects an integer index.",[58,1466,1468],{"className":60,"code":1467,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[17,1469,1470,1490],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1471,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486,1488],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1473,74],{"class":73},[67,1475,78],{"class":77},[67,1477,82],{"class":81},[67,1479,86],{"class":85},[67,1481,89],{"class":81},[67,1483,92],{"class":85},[67,1485,89],{"class":81},[67,1487,97],{"class":85},[67,1489,100],{"class":81},[67,1491,1492,1494,1496,1498,1500,1502,1504,1506],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,1493,154],{"class":73},[67,1495,114],{"class":81},[67,1497,118],{"class":117},[67,1499,138],{"class":81},[67,1501,240],{"class":239},[67,1503,464],{"class":243},[67,1505,240],{"class":239},[67,1507,144],{"class":81},[14,1509,159],{},[58,1511,1513],{"className":60,"code":1512,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[17,1514,1515],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1516,1517,1520,1522,1524,1527,1529,1532,1535,1538],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1518,1519],{"class":362},"TypeError",[67,1521,1161],{"class":81},[67,1523,342],{"class":239},[67,1525,1526],{"class":243},"str",[67,1528,333],{"class":239},[67,1530,1531],{"class":362}," object",[67,1533,1534],{"class":73}," cannot be interpreted ",[67,1536,1537],{"class":1167},"as",[67,1539,1540],{"class":73}," an integer\n",[14,1542,1177],{},[25,1544,1545,1556],{},[28,1546,1547,1548,1550,1551,1553,1554],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[17,1549,1031],{},", ",[17,1552,464],{},", or ",[17,1555,935],{},[28,1557,1558],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[58,1560,1562],{"className":60,"code":1561,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,1563,1564,1584,1603,1607,1625],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1565,1566,1568,1570,1572,1574,1576,1578,1580,1582],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1567,74],{"class":73},[67,1569,78],{"class":77},[67,1571,82],{"class":81},[67,1573,86],{"class":85},[67,1575,89],{"class":81},[67,1577,92],{"class":85},[67,1579,89],{"class":81},[67,1581,97],{"class":85},[67,1583,100],{"class":81},[67,1585,1586,1588,1590,1593,1595,1597,1599,1601],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,1587,1372],{"class":73},[67,1589,78],{"class":77},[67,1591,1592],{"class":362}," int",[67,1594,138],{"class":81},[67,1596,240],{"class":239},[67,1598,464],{"class":243},[67,1600,240],{"class":239},[67,1602,144],{"class":81},[67,1604,1605],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,1606,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,1608,1609,1611,1613,1615,1617,1619,1621,1623],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,1610,135],{"class":134},[67,1612,138],{"class":81},[67,1614,154],{"class":117},[67,1616,114],{"class":81},[67,1618,118],{"class":117},[67,1620,138],{"class":81},[67,1622,373],{"class":117},[67,1624,1426],{"class":81},[67,1626,1627,1629,1631,1633],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,1628,135],{"class":134},[67,1630,138],{"class":81},[67,1632,154],{"class":117},[67,1634,144],{"class":81},[14,1636,159],{},[58,1638,1640],{"className":60,"code":1639,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[17,1641,1642,1647],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1643,1644],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1645,1646],{"class":85},"20\n",[67,1648,1649,1651,1653,1655,1657],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,1650,174],{"class":81},[67,1652,86],{"class":85},[67,1654,89],{"class":81},[67,1656,97],{"class":85},[67,1658,100],{"class":81},[53,1660,1662],{"id":1661},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,1664,1665],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1109,1667,185,1669,1671],{"id":1668},"use-pop-when",[17,1670,39],{}," when:",[25,1673,1674,1677,1680],{},[28,1675,1676],{},"you want to remove by index",[28,1678,1679],{},"you want the removed item returned",[28,1681,1682],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1109,1684,185,1686,1671],{"id":1685},"use-remove-when",[17,1687,50],{},[25,1689,1690,1693],{},[28,1691,1692],{},"you want to remove by value",[28,1694,1695],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,1697,1698],{},"Compare these examples:",[58,1700,1702],{"className":60,"code":1701,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,1703,1704,1728,1732,1750,1760],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1705,1706,1708,1710,1712,1714,1716,1718,1720,1722,1724,1726],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1707,74],{"class":73},[67,1709,78],{"class":77},[67,1711,82],{"class":81},[67,1713,86],{"class":85},[67,1715,89],{"class":81},[67,1717,92],{"class":85},[67,1719,89],{"class":81},[67,1721,97],{"class":85},[67,1723,89],{"class":81},[67,1725,92],{"class":85},[67,1727,100],{"class":81},[67,1729,1730],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,1731,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,1733,1734,1736,1738,1740,1742,1744,1746,1748],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,1735,276],{"class":73},[67,1737,78],{"class":77},[67,1739,111],{"class":73},[67,1741,114],{"class":81},[67,1743,118],{"class":117},[67,1745,138],{"class":81},[67,1747,464],{"class":85},[67,1749,144],{"class":81},[67,1751,1752,1754,1756,1758],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,1753,135],{"class":134},[67,1755,138],{"class":81},[67,1757,300],{"class":117},[67,1759,144],{"class":81},[67,1761,1762,1764,1766,1768],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,1763,135],{"class":134},[67,1765,138],{"class":81},[67,1767,154],{"class":117},[67,1769,144],{"class":81},[14,1771,159],{},[58,1773,1775],{"className":60,"code":1774,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[17,1776,1777,1781],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1778,1779],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1780,1646],{"class":85},[67,1782,1783,1785,1787,1789,1791,1793,1795],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,1784,174],{"class":81},[67,1786,86],{"class":85},[67,1788,89],{"class":81},[67,1790,97],{"class":85},[67,1792,89],{"class":81},[67,1794,92],{"class":85},[67,1796,100],{"class":81},[58,1798,1800],{"className":60,"code":1799,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,1801,1802,1826,1830,1846],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1803,1804,1806,1808,1810,1812,1814,1816,1818,1820,1822,1824],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1805,74],{"class":73},[67,1807,78],{"class":77},[67,1809,82],{"class":81},[67,1811,86],{"class":85},[67,1813,89],{"class":81},[67,1815,92],{"class":85},[67,1817,89],{"class":81},[67,1819,97],{"class":85},[67,1821,89],{"class":81},[67,1823,92],{"class":85},[67,1825,100],{"class":81},[67,1827,1828],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,1829,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,1831,1832,1834,1836,1839,1841,1844],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,1833,154],{"class":73},[67,1835,114],{"class":81},[67,1837,1838],{"class":117},"remove",[67,1840,138],{"class":81},[67,1842,1843],{"class":85},"20",[67,1845,144],{"class":81},[67,1847,1848,1850,1852,1854],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,1849,135],{"class":134},[67,1851,138],{"class":81},[67,1853,154],{"class":117},[67,1855,144],{"class":81},[14,1857,159],{},[58,1859,1861],{"className":60,"code":1860,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[17,1862,1863],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1864,1865,1867,1869,1871,1873,1875,1877],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1866,174],{"class":81},[67,1868,86],{"class":85},[67,1870,89],{"class":81},[67,1872,97],{"class":85},[67,1874,89],{"class":81},[67,1876,92],{"class":85},[67,1878,100],{"class":81},[14,1880,1881,1882,1885,1886,114],{},"In the first example, ",[17,1883,1884],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[17,1887,464],{},[14,1889,1890,1891,1894,1895,114],{},"In the second example, ",[17,1892,1893],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[17,1896,1843],{},[14,1898,1899,1900,114],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[45,1901,1903],{"href":1902},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python",[53,1905,1907],{"id":1906},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,1909,1910,1911,1161],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[17,1912,39],{},[25,1914,1915,1918,1921,1928,1934],{},[28,1916,1917],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[28,1919,1920],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[28,1922,1923,1924,43,1926],{},"Confusing ",[17,1925,39],{},[17,1927,50],{},[28,1929,1930,1931,1933],{},"Expecting ",[17,1932,39],{}," to return a new list",[28,1935,1936],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,1938,1939],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[58,1941,1943],{"className":60,"code":1942,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[17,1944,1945,1956,1971,1985,2003],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,1946,1947,1949,1951,1954],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,1948,135],{"class":134},[67,1950,138],{"class":81},[67,1952,1953],{"class":117},"my_list",[67,1955,144],{"class":81},[67,1957,1958,1960,1962,1965,1967,1969],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,1959,135],{"class":134},[67,1961,138],{"class":81},[67,1963,1964],{"class":134},"len",[67,1966,138],{"class":81},[67,1968,1953],{"class":117},[67,1970,1426],{"class":81},[67,1972,1973,1975,1977,1979,1981,1983],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,1974,135],{"class":134},[67,1976,138],{"class":81},[67,1978,1953],{"class":117},[67,1980,114],{"class":81},[67,1982,118],{"class":117},[67,1984,1239],{"class":81},[67,1986,1987,1989,1991,1993,1995,1997,1999,2001],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,1988,135],{"class":134},[67,1990,138],{"class":81},[67,1992,1953],{"class":117},[67,1994,114],{"class":81},[67,1996,118],{"class":117},[67,1998,138],{"class":81},[67,2000,1031],{"class":85},[67,2002,1426],{"class":81},[67,2004,2005,2007,2009,2012,2014,2016],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,2006,135],{"class":134},[67,2008,138],{"class":81},[67,2010,2011],{"class":362},"type",[67,2013,138],{"class":81},[67,2015,373],{"class":117},[67,2017,1426],{"class":81},[14,2019,2020],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[25,2022,2023,2029],{},[28,2024,2025,2028],{},[17,2026,2027],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[28,2030,2031,2034],{},[17,2032,2033],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,2036,2037,2038,2041],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[17,2039,2040],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[53,2043,2045],{"id":2044},"faq","FAQ",[1109,2047,2049],{"id":2048},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,2051,2052,2053,2055],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[17,2054,39],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1109,2057,2059],{"id":2058},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,2061,2062,2064,2065,2067,2068,114],{},[17,2063,39],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[17,2066,50],{}," removes by value and returns ",[17,2069,1103],{},[1109,2071,2073],{"id":2072},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,2075,2076,2077,2080],{},"Yes. For example, ",[17,2078,2079],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1109,2082,2084],{"id":2083},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,2086,2087,2088,2090],{},"Python raises ",[17,2089,1121],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[53,2092,2094],{"id":2093},"see-also","See also",[25,2096,2097,2102,2107,2112,2117],{},[28,2098,2099],{},[45,2100,2101],{"href":1902},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[28,2103,2104],{},[45,2105,2106],{"href":47},"Python list remove() method",[28,2108,2109],{},[45,2110,2111],{"href":942},"Python list index() method",[28,2113,2114],{},[45,2115,2116],{"href":530},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[28,2118,2119],{},[45,2120,1455],{"href":1454},[2122,2123,2124],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":2126},[2127,2128,2129,2130,2131,2132,2133,2138,2144,2145,2151],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":191,"depth":103,"text":192},{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":534,"depth":103,"text":535},{"id":666,"depth":103,"text":667},{"id":949,"depth":103,"text":950},{"id":1106,"depth":103,"text":1107,"children":2134},[2135,2136,2137],{"id":1111,"depth":124,"text":1112},{"id":1264,"depth":124,"text":1265},{"id":1458,"depth":124,"text":1459},{"id":1661,"depth":103,"text":1662,"children":2139},[2140,2142],{"id":1668,"depth":124,"text":2141},"Use pop() when:",{"id":1685,"depth":124,"text":2143},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":2146},[2147,2148,2149,2150],{"id":2048,"depth":124,"text":2049},{"id":2058,"depth":124,"text":2059},{"id":2072,"depth":124,"text":2073},{"id":2083,"depth":124,"text":2084},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":5,"description":2152},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",[2160,3756,5467,7165,9296,11497,13017,15190,17396,19854,21693,24258,26356,28636,30579,32490,34486,35925,37745,40268,42430,43658,45028,46674,48995,50837,52818,54509,55756,57449,59199,61171,62920,65020,66378,68329,69889,71697,73492,75392,77834,79912,82552,84581,86544,88732,90736,93049,94731,96176,97370,98548,100388,102828,104532,106547,108071,109316,110479,111861,113932,115829,117603,119469,121588,123328,124790,126384,128307,129984,131919,133408,136192,137769,139328,141356,143308,144771,145960,147846,149257,150953,152507,153929,155332,157230,159624,161455],{"id":2161,"title":2162,"body":2163,"description":3750,"extension":2153,"meta":3751,"navigation":127,"path":3752,"seo":3753,"stem":3754,"__hash__":3755},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2164,"toc":3722},[2165,2168,2174,2177,2188,2191,2193,2258,2260,2280,2285,2289,2294,2297,2312,2315,2340,2343,2345,2348,2364,2367,2392,2394,2454,2456,2471,2481,2492,2496,2499,2552,2554,2574,2577,2601,2608,2612,2617,2623,2625,2664,2666,2675,2682,2700,2703,2715,2719,2724,2728,2731,2752,2754,2812,2814,2822,2825,2829,2861,2863,2871,2874,2878,2883,2931,2933,2941,2945,3005,3007,3015,3018,3020,3024,3027,3050,3059,3075,3126,3128,3143,3154,3158,3161,3190,3196,3200,3205,3246,3248,3259,3262,3305,3307,3315,3319,3324,3346,3348,3357,3366,3370,3375,3397,3399,3469,3471,3520,3523,3526,3529,3609,3611,3641,3643,3647,3650,3654,3657,3661,3664,3668,3680,3684,3687,3689,3719],[10,2166,2162],{"id":2167},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,2169,379,2170,2173],{},[17,2171,2172],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2175,2176],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[25,2178,2179,2182,2185],{},[28,2180,2181],{},"a number without its negative sign",[28,2183,2184],{},"the distance between two numbers",[28,2186,2187],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,2189,2190],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[53,2192,56],{"id":55},[58,2194,2196],{"className":60,"code":2195,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[17,2197,2198,2216,2231],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2199,2200,2202,2204,2207,2209,2211,2214],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2201,135],{"class":134},[67,2203,138],{"class":81},[67,2205,2206],{"class":134},"abs",[67,2208,138],{"class":81},[67,2210,869],{"class":77},[67,2212,2213],{"class":85},"7",[67,2215,1426],{"class":81},[67,2217,2218,2220,2222,2224,2226,2229],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,2219,135],{"class":134},[67,2221,138],{"class":81},[67,2223,2206],{"class":134},[67,2225,138],{"class":81},[67,2227,2228],{"class":85},"3.5",[67,2230,1426],{"class":81},[67,2232,2233,2235,2237,2239,2241,2243,2246,2249,2252,2256],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,2234,135],{"class":134},[67,2236,138],{"class":81},[67,2238,2206],{"class":134},[67,2240,138],{"class":81},[67,2242,869],{"class":77},[67,2244,2245],{"class":85},"2",[67,2247,2248],{"class":77},"+",[67,2250,2251],{"class":85},"3",[67,2253,2255],{"class":2254},"sbsja","j",[67,2257,1426],{"class":81},[14,2259,159],{},[58,2261,2263],{"className":60,"code":2262,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[17,2264,2265,2270,2275],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2266,2267],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2268,2269],{"class":85},"7\n",[67,2271,2272],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,2273,2274],{"class":85},"3.5\n",[67,2276,2277],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,2278,2279],{"class":85},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,2281,185,2282,2284],{},[17,2283,2172],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[53,2286,2288],{"id":2287},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,2290,2291,2293],{},[17,2292,2172],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2295,2296],{},"That means:",[25,2298,2299,2302,2305],{},[28,2300,2301],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[28,2303,2304],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[28,2306,2307,2309,2310],{},[17,2308,1031],{}," stays ",[17,2311,1031],{},[14,2313,2314],{},"Examples:",[25,2316,2317,2325,2333],{},[28,2318,2319,2322,2323],{},[17,2320,2321],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[17,2324,1308],{},[28,2326,2327,2322,2330],{},[17,2328,2329],{},"abs(9)",[17,2331,2332],{},"9",[28,2334,2335,2322,2338],{},[17,2336,2337],{},"abs(0)",[17,2339,1031],{},[14,2341,2342],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[53,2344,352],{"id":351},[14,2346,2347],{},"The syntax is:",[58,2349,2351],{"className":60,"code":2350,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"abs(x)\n",[17,2352,2353],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2354,2355,2357,2359,2362],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2356,2206],{"class":134},[67,2358,138],{"class":81},[67,2360,2361],{"class":117},"x",[67,2363,144],{"class":81},[14,2365,2366],{},"Here:",[25,2368,2369,2384,2389],{},[28,2370,2371,2373,2374,1550,2377,1553,2380,2383],{},[17,2372,2361],{}," is usually an ",[17,2375,2376],{},"int",[17,2378,2379],{},"float",[17,2381,2382],{},"complex"," number",[28,2385,2386,2388],{},[17,2387,2172],{}," returns a new value",[28,2390,2391],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2393,222],{},[58,2395,2397],{"className":60,"code":2396,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[17,2398,2399,2412,2429,2433,2443],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2400,2401,2404,2406,2409],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2402,2403],{"class":73},"number ",[67,2405,78],{"class":77},[67,2407,2408],{"class":77}," -",[67,2410,2411],{"class":85},"12\n",[67,2413,2414,2417,2419,2422,2424,2427],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,2415,2416],{"class":73},"result ",[67,2418,78],{"class":77},[67,2420,2421],{"class":134}," abs",[67,2423,138],{"class":81},[67,2425,2426],{"class":117},"number",[67,2428,144],{"class":81},[67,2430,2431],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,2432,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,2434,2435,2437,2439,2441],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,2436,135],{"class":134},[67,2438,138],{"class":81},[67,2440,2426],{"class":117},[67,2442,144],{"class":81},[67,2444,2445,2447,2449,2452],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,2446,135],{"class":134},[67,2448,138],{"class":81},[67,2450,2451],{"class":117},"result",[67,2453,144],{"class":81},[14,2455,159],{},[58,2457,2459],{"className":60,"code":2458,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"-12\n12\n",[17,2460,2461,2467],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2462,2463,2465],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2464,869],{"class":77},[67,2466,2411],{"class":85},[67,2468,2469],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,2470,2411],{"class":85},[14,2472,2473,2474,2476,2477,2480],{},"Notice that ",[17,2475,2426],{}," is still ",[17,2478,2479],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2482,2483,2484,2491],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[45,2485,2487,2490],{"href":2486},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[17,2488,2489],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[53,2493,2495],{"id":2494},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2497,2498],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[58,2500,2502],{"className":60,"code":2501,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[17,2503,2504,2520,2535],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2505,2506,2508,2510,2512,2514,2516,2518],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2507,135],{"class":134},[67,2509,138],{"class":81},[67,2511,2206],{"class":134},[67,2513,138],{"class":81},[67,2515,869],{"class":77},[67,2517,86],{"class":85},[67,2519,1426],{"class":81},[67,2521,2522,2524,2526,2528,2530,2533],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,2523,135],{"class":134},[67,2525,138],{"class":81},[67,2527,2206],{"class":134},[67,2529,138],{"class":81},[67,2531,2532],{"class":85},"8",[67,2534,1426],{"class":81},[67,2536,2537,2539,2541,2543,2545,2547,2550],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,2538,135],{"class":134},[67,2540,138],{"class":81},[67,2542,2206],{"class":134},[67,2544,138],{"class":81},[67,2546,869],{"class":77},[67,2548,2549],{"class":85},"4.2",[67,2551,1426],{"class":81},[14,2553,159],{},[58,2555,2557],{"className":60,"code":2556,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[17,2558,2559,2564,2569],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2560,2561],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2562,2563],{"class":85},"10\n",[67,2565,2566],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,2567,2568],{"class":85},"8\n",[67,2570,2571],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,2572,2573],{"class":85},"4.2\n",[14,2575,2576],{},"What each line does:",[25,2578,2579,2587,2594],{},[28,2580,2581,2584,2585],{},[17,2582,2583],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[17,2586,86],{},[28,2588,2589,2584,2592],{},[17,2590,2591],{},"abs(8)",[17,2593,2532],{},[28,2595,2596,2584,2599],{},[17,2597,2598],{},"abs(-4.2)",[17,2600,2549],{},[14,2602,2603,2604,114],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[45,2605,2607],{"href":2606},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[53,2609,2611],{"id":2610},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2613,2614,2616],{},[17,2615,2172],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2618,2619,2620,2622],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[17,2621,1031],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2624,222],{},[58,2626,2628],{"className":60,"code":2627,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[17,2629,2630,2649],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2631,2632,2635,2637,2640,2643,2646],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2633,2634],{"class":73},"value ",[67,2636,78],{"class":77},[67,2638,2639],{"class":85}," 3",[67,2641,2642],{"class":77}," +",[67,2644,2645],{"class":85}," 4",[67,2647,2648],{"class":2254},"j\n",[67,2650,2651,2653,2655,2657,2659,2662],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,2652,135],{"class":134},[67,2654,138],{"class":81},[67,2656,2206],{"class":134},[67,2658,138],{"class":81},[67,2660,2661],{"class":117},"value",[67,2663,1426],{"class":81},[14,2665,159],{},[58,2667,2669],{"className":60,"code":2668,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"5.0\n",[17,2670,2671],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2672,2673],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2674,2668],{"class":85},[14,2676,2677,2678,2681],{},"Why ",[17,2679,2680],{},"5.0","?",[25,2683,2684,2689,2695],{},[28,2685,2686,2687],{},"the real part is ",[17,2688,2251],{},[28,2690,2691,2692],{},"the imaginary part is ",[17,2693,2694],{},"4",[28,2696,2697,2698],{},"the magnitude is ",[17,2699,2680],{},[14,2701,2702],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[25,2704,2705,2712],{},[28,2706,2707,2709,2710],{},[17,2708,2172],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[17,2711,2379],{},[28,2713,2714],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[53,2716,2718],{"id":2717},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2720,2721,2722,114],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[17,2723,2172],{},[1109,2725,2727],{"id":2726},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2729,2730],{},"A very common pattern is:",[58,2732,2734],{"className":60,"code":2733,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"abs(a - b)\n",[17,2735,2736],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2737,2738,2740,2742,2745,2747,2750],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2739,2206],{"class":134},[67,2741,138],{"class":81},[67,2743,2744],{"class":117},"a ",[67,2746,869],{"class":77},[67,2748,2749],{"class":117}," b",[67,2751,144],{"class":81},[14,2753,222],{},[58,2755,2757],{"className":60,"code":2756,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[17,2758,2759,2768,2778,2782,2801],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2760,2761,2763,2765],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2762,2744],{"class":73},[67,2764,78],{"class":77},[67,2766,2767],{"class":85}," 3\n",[67,2769,2770,2773,2775],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,2771,2772],{"class":73},"b ",[67,2774,78],{"class":77},[67,2776,2777],{"class":85}," 10\n",[67,2779,2780],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,2781,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,2783,2784,2787,2789,2791,2793,2795,2797,2799],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,2785,2786],{"class":73},"distance ",[67,2788,78],{"class":77},[67,2790,2421],{"class":134},[67,2792,138],{"class":81},[67,2794,2744],{"class":117},[67,2796,869],{"class":77},[67,2798,2749],{"class":117},[67,2800,144],{"class":81},[67,2802,2803,2805,2807,2810],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,2804,135],{"class":134},[67,2806,138],{"class":81},[67,2808,2809],{"class":117},"distance",[67,2811,144],{"class":81},[14,2813,159],{},[58,2815,2816],{"className":60,"code":2269,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,2817,2818],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2819,2820],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2821,2269],{"class":85},[14,2823,2824],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1109,2826,2828],{"id":2827},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[58,2830,2832],{"className":60,"code":2831,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[17,2833,2834,2846],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2835,2836,2839,2841,2843],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2837,2838],{"class":73},"temperature_change ",[67,2840,78],{"class":77},[67,2842,2408],{"class":77},[67,2844,2845],{"class":85},"6\n",[67,2847,2848,2850,2852,2854,2856,2859],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,2849,135],{"class":134},[67,2851,138],{"class":81},[67,2853,2206],{"class":134},[67,2855,138],{"class":81},[67,2857,2858],{"class":117},"temperature_change",[67,2860,1426],{"class":81},[14,2862,159],{},[58,2864,2865],{"className":60,"code":2845,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,2866,2867],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2868,2869],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2870,2845],{"class":85},[14,2872,2873],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1109,2875,2877],{"id":2876},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,2879,2880,2881,2491],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[17,2882,2172],{},[58,2884,2886],{"className":60,"code":2885,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[17,2887,2888,2900,2916,2920],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2889,2890,2893,2895,2897],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2891,2892],{"class":73},"balance_change ",[67,2894,78],{"class":77},[67,2896,2408],{"class":77},[67,2898,2899],{"class":85},"25\n",[67,2901,2902,2905,2907,2909,2911,2914],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,2903,2904],{"class":73},"safe_value ",[67,2906,78],{"class":77},[67,2908,2421],{"class":134},[67,2910,138],{"class":81},[67,2912,2913],{"class":117},"balance_change",[67,2915,144],{"class":81},[67,2917,2918],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,2919,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,2921,2922,2924,2926,2929],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,2923,135],{"class":134},[67,2925,138],{"class":81},[67,2927,2928],{"class":117},"safe_value",[67,2930,144],{"class":81},[14,2932,159],{},[58,2934,2935],{"className":60,"code":2899,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,2936,2937],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2938,2939],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2940,2899],{"class":85},[1109,2942,2944],{"id":2943},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[58,2946,2948],{"className":60,"code":2947,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[17,2949,2950,2960,2970,2974,2994],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,2951,2952,2955,2957],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,2953,2954],{"class":73},"guess ",[67,2956,78],{"class":77},[67,2958,2959],{"class":85}," 42\n",[67,2961,2962,2965,2967],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,2963,2964],{"class":73},"target ",[67,2966,78],{"class":77},[67,2968,2969],{"class":85}," 50\n",[67,2971,2972],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,2973,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,2975,2976,2979,2981,2983,2985,2987,2989,2992],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,2977,2978],{"class":73},"difference ",[67,2980,78],{"class":77},[67,2982,2421],{"class":134},[67,2984,138],{"class":81},[67,2986,2954],{"class":117},[67,2988,869],{"class":77},[67,2990,2991],{"class":117}," target",[67,2993,144],{"class":81},[67,2995,2996,2998,3000,3003],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,2997,135],{"class":134},[67,2999,138],{"class":81},[67,3001,3002],{"class":117},"difference",[67,3004,144],{"class":81},[14,3006,159],{},[58,3008,3009],{"className":60,"code":2568,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,3010,3011],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3012,3013],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3014,2568],{"class":85},[14,3016,3017],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[53,3019,1907],{"id":1906},[1109,3021,3023],{"id":3022},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,3025,3026],{},"This causes an error:",[58,3028,3030],{"className":60,"code":3029,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[17,3031,3032],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3033,3034,3036,3038,3040,3042,3044,3046,3048],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3035,135],{"class":134},[67,3037,138],{"class":81},[67,3039,2206],{"class":134},[67,3041,138],{"class":81},[67,3043,240],{"class":239},[67,3045,1308],{"class":243},[67,3047,240],{"class":239},[67,3049,1426],{"class":81},[14,3051,3052,3055,3056,3058],{},[17,3053,3054],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[17,3057,2172],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,3060,3061,3062,3068,3069,1161],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[45,3063,3065],{"href":3064},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[17,3066,3067],{},"int()"," or ",[45,3070,3072],{"href":3071},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[17,3073,3074],{},"float()",[58,3076,3078],{"className":60,"code":3077,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[17,3079,3080,3103],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3081,3082,3084,3086,3088,3090,3092,3094,3096,3098,3100],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3083,135],{"class":134},[67,3085,138],{"class":81},[67,3087,2206],{"class":134},[67,3089,138],{"class":81},[67,3091,2376],{"class":362},[67,3093,138],{"class":81},[67,3095,240],{"class":239},[67,3097,1308],{"class":243},[67,3099,240],{"class":239},[67,3101,3102],{"class":81},")))\n",[67,3104,3105,3107,3109,3111,3113,3115,3117,3119,3122,3124],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,3106,135],{"class":134},[67,3108,138],{"class":81},[67,3110,2206],{"class":134},[67,3112,138],{"class":81},[67,3114,2379],{"class":362},[67,3116,138],{"class":81},[67,3118,240],{"class":239},[67,3120,3121],{"class":243},"-3.2",[67,3123,240],{"class":239},[67,3125,3102],{"class":81},[14,3127,159],{},[58,3129,3131],{"className":60,"code":3130,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"5\n3.2\n",[17,3132,3133,3138],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3134,3135],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3136,3137],{"class":85},"5\n",[67,3139,3140],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,3141,3142],{"class":85},"3.2\n",[14,3144,3145,3146,3149,3150,114],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[17,3147,3148],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[45,3151,3153],{"href":3152},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1109,3155,3157],{"id":3156},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,3159,3160],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[58,3162,3164],{"className":60,"code":3163,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[17,3165,3166],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3167,3168,3170,3172,3174,3176,3178,3180,3183,3185,3187],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3169,135],{"class":134},[67,3171,138],{"class":81},[67,3173,2206],{"class":134},[67,3175,370],{"class":81},[67,3177,464],{"class":85},[67,3179,89],{"class":81},[67,3181,3182],{"class":85}," 2",[67,3184,89],{"class":81},[67,3186,2639],{"class":85},[67,3188,3189],{"class":81},"]))\n",[14,3191,3192,3193,3195],{},"This raises a ",[17,3194,1519],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1109,3197,3199],{"id":3198},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,3201,3202,3204],{},[17,3203,2172],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[58,3206,3208],{"className":60,"code":3207,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[17,3209,3210,3222,3232,3236],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3211,3212,3215,3217,3219],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3213,3214],{"class":73},"x ",[67,3216,78],{"class":77},[67,3218,2408],{"class":77},[67,3220,3221],{"class":85},"9\n",[67,3223,3224,3226,3228,3230],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,3225,2206],{"class":134},[67,3227,138],{"class":81},[67,3229,2361],{"class":117},[67,3231,144],{"class":81},[67,3233,3234],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,3235,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,3237,3238,3240,3242,3244],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,3239,135],{"class":134},[67,3241,138],{"class":81},[67,3243,2361],{"class":117},[67,3245,144],{"class":81},[14,3247,159],{},[58,3249,3251],{"className":60,"code":3250,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"-9\n",[17,3252,3253],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3254,3255,3257],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3256,869],{"class":77},[67,3258,3221],{"class":85},[14,3260,3261],{},"If you want to store the result:",[58,3263,3265],{"className":60,"code":3264,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[17,3266,3267,3277,3291,3295],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3268,3269,3271,3273,3275],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3270,3214],{"class":73},[67,3272,78],{"class":77},[67,3274,2408],{"class":77},[67,3276,3221],{"class":85},[67,3278,3279,3281,3283,3285,3287,3289],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,3280,3214],{"class":73},[67,3282,78],{"class":77},[67,3284,2421],{"class":134},[67,3286,138],{"class":81},[67,3288,2361],{"class":117},[67,3290,144],{"class":81},[67,3292,3293],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,3294,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,3296,3297,3299,3301,3303],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,3298,135],{"class":134},[67,3300,138],{"class":81},[67,3302,2361],{"class":117},[67,3304,144],{"class":81},[14,3306,159],{},[58,3308,3309],{"className":60,"code":3221,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,3310,3311],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3312,3313],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3314,3221],{"class":85},[1109,3316,3318],{"id":3317},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3320,3321,3323],{},[17,3322,2172],{}," does not round numbers.",[58,3325,3327],{"className":60,"code":3326,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[17,3328,3329],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3330,3331,3333,3335,3337,3339,3341,3344],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3332,135],{"class":134},[67,3334,138],{"class":81},[67,3336,2206],{"class":134},[67,3338,138],{"class":81},[67,3340,869],{"class":77},[67,3342,3343],{"class":85},"4.7",[67,3345,1426],{"class":81},[14,3347,159],{},[58,3349,3351],{"className":60,"code":3350,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"4.7\n",[17,3352,3353],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3354,3355],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3356,3350],{"class":85},[14,3358,3359,3360,3362,3363,3365],{},"If you expected ",[17,3361,1308],{},", that is a different operation. ",[17,3364,2172],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[53,3367,3369],{"id":3368},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3371,3372,3374],{},[17,3373,2172],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[25,3376,3377,3384,3391],{},[28,3378,3379,3381,3382],{},[17,3380,2376],{}," input → returns an ",[17,3383,2376],{},[28,3385,3386,3388,3389],{},[17,3387,2379],{}," input → returns a ",[17,3390,2379],{},[28,3392,3393,3388,3395],{},[17,3394,2382],{},[17,3396,2379],{},[14,3398,222],{},[58,3400,3402],{"className":60,"code":3401,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[17,3403,3404,3424,3445],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3405,3406,3408,3410,3412,3414,3416,3418,3420,3422],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3407,135],{"class":134},[67,3409,138],{"class":81},[67,3411,2011],{"class":362},[67,3413,138],{"class":81},[67,3415,2206],{"class":134},[67,3417,138],{"class":81},[67,3419,869],{"class":77},[67,3421,1308],{"class":85},[67,3423,3102],{"class":81},[67,3425,3426,3428,3430,3432,3434,3436,3438,3440,3443],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,3427,135],{"class":134},[67,3429,138],{"class":81},[67,3431,2011],{"class":362},[67,3433,138],{"class":81},[67,3435,2206],{"class":134},[67,3437,138],{"class":81},[67,3439,869],{"class":77},[67,3441,3442],{"class":85},"3.2",[67,3444,3102],{"class":81},[67,3446,3447,3449,3451,3453,3455,3457,3459,3461,3463,3465,3467],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,3448,135],{"class":134},[67,3450,138],{"class":81},[67,3452,2011],{"class":362},[67,3454,138],{"class":81},[67,3456,2206],{"class":134},[67,3458,138],{"class":81},[67,3460,2251],{"class":85},[67,3462,2642],{"class":77},[67,3464,2645],{"class":85},[67,3466,2255],{"class":2254},[67,3468,3102],{"class":81},[14,3470,159],{},[58,3472,3474],{"className":60,"code":3473,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[17,3475,3476,3492,3506],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3477,3478,3480,3483,3485,3487,3489],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3479,1397],{"class":77},[67,3481,3482],{"class":2254},"class",[67,3484,342],{"class":239},[67,3486,2376],{"class":243},[67,3488,333],{"class":239},[67,3490,3491],{"class":77},">\n",[67,3493,3494,3496,3498,3500,3502,3504],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,3495,1397],{"class":77},[67,3497,3482],{"class":2254},[67,3499,342],{"class":239},[67,3501,2379],{"class":243},[67,3503,333],{"class":239},[67,3505,3491],{"class":77},[67,3507,3508,3510,3512,3514,3516,3518],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,3509,1397],{"class":77},[67,3511,3482],{"class":2254},[67,3513,342],{"class":239},[67,3515,2379],{"class":243},[67,3517,333],{"class":239},[67,3519,3491],{"class":77},[14,3521,3522],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3524,3525],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3527,3528],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[58,3530,3532],{"className":60,"code":3531,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[17,3533,3534,3548,3558,3572,3576,3590],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3535,3536,3538,3540,3542,3545],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3537,2634],{"class":73},[67,3539,78],{"class":77},[67,3541,251],{"class":239},[67,3543,3544],{"class":243},"-5",[67,3546,3547],{"class":239},"\"\n",[67,3549,3550,3552,3554,3556],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,3551,135],{"class":134},[67,3553,138],{"class":81},[67,3555,2661],{"class":117},[67,3557,144],{"class":81},[67,3559,3560,3562,3564,3566,3568,3570],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,3561,135],{"class":134},[67,3563,138],{"class":81},[67,3565,2011],{"class":362},[67,3567,138],{"class":81},[67,3569,2661],{"class":117},[67,3571,1426],{"class":81},[67,3573,3574],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,3575,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,3577,3578,3581,3583,3585,3588],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,3579,3580],{"class":73},"user_input ",[67,3582,78],{"class":77},[67,3584,251],{"class":239},[67,3586,3587],{"class":243},"-3.7",[67,3589,3547],{"class":239},[67,3591,3592,3594,3596,3598,3600,3602,3604,3607],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,3593,135],{"class":134},[67,3595,138],{"class":81},[67,3597,2206],{"class":134},[67,3599,138],{"class":81},[67,3601,2379],{"class":362},[67,3603,138],{"class":81},[67,3605,3606],{"class":117},"user_input",[67,3608,3102],{"class":81},[14,3610,159],{},[58,3612,3614],{"className":60,"code":3613,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[17,3615,3616,3622,3636],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3617,3618,3620],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3619,869],{"class":77},[67,3621,3137],{"class":85},[67,3623,3624,3626,3628,3630,3632,3634],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,3625,1397],{"class":77},[67,3627,3482],{"class":2254},[67,3629,342],{"class":239},[67,3631,1526],{"class":243},[67,3633,333],{"class":239},[67,3635,3491],{"class":77},[67,3637,3638],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,3639,3640],{"class":85},"3.7\n",[53,3642,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,3644,3646],{"id":3645},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3648,3649],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1109,3651,3653],{"id":3652},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3655,3656],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1109,3658,3660],{"id":3659},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3662,3663],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1109,3665,3667],{"id":3666},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3669,3670,3672,3673,3068,3675,3677,3678,114],{},[17,3671,3148],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[17,3674,3067],{},[17,3676,3074],{}," before using ",[17,3679,2172],{},[1109,3681,3683],{"id":3682},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3685,3686],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[53,3688,2094],{"id":2093},[25,3690,3691,3698,3704,3710,3715],{},[28,3692,3693],{},[45,3694,3695,3697],{"href":3064},[17,3696,3067],{}," function explained",[28,3699,3700],{},[45,3701,3702,3697],{"href":3071},[17,3703,3074],{},[28,3705,3706],{},[45,3707,3708,3697],{"href":2486},[17,3709,2489],{},[28,3711,3712],{},[45,3713,3714],{"href":3152},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[28,3716,3717],{},[45,3718,2607],{"href":2606},[2122,3720,3721],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":3723},[3724,3725,3726,3727,3728,3729,3735,3741,3742,3749],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":2287,"depth":103,"text":2288},{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":2494,"depth":103,"text":2495},{"id":2610,"depth":103,"text":2611},{"id":2717,"depth":103,"text":2718,"children":3730},[3731,3732,3733,3734],{"id":2726,"depth":124,"text":2727},{"id":2827,"depth":124,"text":2828},{"id":2876,"depth":124,"text":2877},{"id":2943,"depth":124,"text":2944},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":3736},[3737,3738,3739,3740],{"id":3022,"depth":124,"text":3023},{"id":3156,"depth":124,"text":3157},{"id":3198,"depth":124,"text":3199},{"id":3317,"depth":124,"text":3318},{"id":3368,"depth":103,"text":3369},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":3743},[3744,3745,3746,3747,3748],{"id":3645,"depth":124,"text":3646},{"id":3652,"depth":124,"text":3653},{"id":3659,"depth":124,"text":3660},{"id":3666,"depth":124,"text":3667},{"id":3682,"depth":124,"text":3683},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2162,"description":3750},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3757,"title":3758,"body":3759,"description":5461,"extension":2153,"meta":5462,"navigation":127,"path":5463,"seo":5464,"stem":5465,"__hash__":5466},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3760,"toc":5425},[3761,3769,3775,3778,3795,3799,3854,3864,3871,3875,3894,3897,3914,3917,3921,3929,3947,3950,3989,3992,3999,4005,4080,4082,4113,4119,4123,4127,4166,4168,4177,4184,4188,4227,4229,4238,4248,4252,4305,4307,4315,4318,4321,4368,4370,4378,4384,4391,4396,4399,4402,4468,4470,4478,4481,4548,4550,4558,4572,4575,4586,4590,4596,4599,4601,4617,4619,4627,4630,4633,4636,4653,4656,4659,4689,4691,4704,4708,4712,4715,4730,4735,4738,4765,4772,4775,4815,4822,4828,4836,4839,4891,4898,4962,4967,4976,4979,4997,5003,5006,5148,5154,5159,5162,5173,5176,5230,5232,5240,5243,5302,5304,5312,5315,5326,5328,5335,5344,5353,5356,5363,5366,5375,5388,5390,5422],[10,3762,3764,3765,3768],{"id":3763},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[17,3766,3767],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3770,3771,3772,3774],{},"Python’s ",[17,3773,3767],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3776,3777],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[25,3779,3780,3783,3786],{},[28,3781,3782],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[28,3784,3785],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[28,3787,3788,2584,3791,3794],{},[17,3789,3790],{},"all([])",[17,3792,3793],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[53,3796,3798],{"id":3797},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[58,3800,3802],{"className":60,"code":3801,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[17,3803,3804,3824,3839],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3805,3806,3808,3810,3812,3814,3816,3818,3820,3822],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3807,74],{"class":73},[67,3809,78],{"class":77},[67,3811,82],{"class":81},[67,3813,464],{"class":85},[67,3815,89],{"class":81},[67,3817,3182],{"class":85},[67,3819,89],{"class":81},[67,3821,2639],{"class":85},[67,3823,100],{"class":81},[67,3825,3826,3828,3830,3833,3835,3837],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,3827,2416],{"class":73},[67,3829,78],{"class":77},[67,3831,3832],{"class":134}," all",[67,3834,138],{"class":81},[67,3836,154],{"class":117},[67,3838,144],{"class":81},[67,3840,3841,3843,3845,3847,3850],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,3842,135],{"class":134},[67,3844,138],{"class":81},[67,3846,2451],{"class":117},[67,3848,3849],{"class":81},")",[67,3851,3853],{"class":3852},"sutJx","  # True\n",[14,3855,3856,2584,3858,3860,3861,114],{},[17,3857,3767],{},[17,3859,3793],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[17,3862,3863],{},"False",[53,3865,3867,3868,3870],{"id":3866},"what-all-does","What ",[17,3869,3767],{}," does",[14,3872,3873,1161],{},[17,3874,3767],{},[25,3876,3877,3880,3886,3891],{},[28,3878,3879],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[28,3881,3882,3883,3885],{},"returns ",[17,3884,3793],{}," if all items are truthy",[28,3887,3882,3888,3890],{},[17,3889,3863],{}," if any item is falsy",[28,3892,3893],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3895,3896],{},"Basic syntax:",[58,3898,3900],{"className":60,"code":3899,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"all(iterable)\n",[17,3901,3902],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,3903,3904,3907,3909,3912],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,3905,3906],{"class":134},"all",[67,3908,138],{"class":81},[67,3910,3911],{"class":117},"iterable",[67,3913,144],{"class":81},[14,3915,3916],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[53,3918,3920],{"id":3919},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,3922,3923,3924,3068,3926,3928],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[17,3925,3793],{},[17,3927,3863],{}," in conditions.",[25,3930,3931,3940],{},[28,3932,3933,3937,3938],{},[3934,3935,3936],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[17,3939,3793],{},[28,3941,3942,3937,3945],{},[3934,3943,3944],{},"Falsy",[17,3946,3863],{},[14,3948,3949],{},"Common falsy values include:",[25,3951,3952,3956,3961,3966,3970,3974,3979,3984],{},[28,3953,3954],{},[17,3955,1031],{},[28,3957,3958],{},[17,3959,3960],{},"0.0",[28,3962,3963],{},[17,3964,3965],{},"''",[28,3967,3968],{},[17,3969,1103],{},[28,3971,3972],{},[17,3973,3863],{},[28,3975,3976],{},[17,3977,3978],{},"[]",[28,3980,3981],{},[17,3982,3983],{},"{}",[28,3985,3986],{},[17,3987,3988],{},"set()",[14,3990,3991],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,3993,3994,3995,114],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[45,3996,3998],{"href":3997},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,4000,4001,4002,1161],{},"You can test this with ",[17,4003,4004],{},"bool()",[58,4006,4008],{"className":60,"code":4007,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[17,4009,4010,4047,4051],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4011,4012,4015,4017,4019,4021,4023,4025,4027,4030,4032,4034,4037,4039,4041,4045],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4013,4014],{"class":73},"values ",[67,4016,78],{"class":77},[67,4018,82],{"class":81},[67,4020,464],{"class":85},[67,4022,89],{"class":81},[67,4024,1388],{"class":85},[67,4026,89],{"class":81},[67,4028,4029],{"class":239}," ''",[67,4031,89],{"class":81},[67,4033,342],{"class":239},[67,4035,4036],{"class":243},"hello",[67,4038,333],{"class":239},[67,4040,89],{"class":81},[67,4042,4044],{"class":4043},"s39Yj"," None",[67,4046,100],{"class":81},[67,4048,4049],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,4050,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,4052,4053,4055,4057,4060,4062,4064,4066,4069,4072,4075,4078],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,4054,135],{"class":134},[67,4056,370],{"class":81},[67,4058,4059],{"class":362},"bool",[67,4061,138],{"class":81},[67,4063,2361],{"class":117},[67,4065,3849],{"class":81},[67,4067,4068],{"class":1167}," for",[67,4070,4071],{"class":117}," x ",[67,4073,4074],{"class":1167},"in",[67,4076,4077],{"class":117}," values",[67,4079,376],{"class":81},[14,4081,159],{},[58,4083,4085],{"className":60,"code":4084,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[17,4086,4087],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4088,4089,4091,4093,4095,4098,4100,4102,4104,4107,4109,4111],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4090,174],{"class":81},[67,4092,3793],{"class":4043},[67,4094,89],{"class":81},[67,4096,4097],{"class":4043}," False",[67,4099,89],{"class":81},[67,4101,4097],{"class":4043},[67,4103,89],{"class":81},[67,4105,4106],{"class":4043}," True",[67,4108,89],{"class":81},[67,4110,4097],{"class":4043},[67,4112,100],{"class":81},[14,4114,4115,4116,4118],{},"This matters because ",[17,4117,3767],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[53,4120,4122],{"id":4121},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1109,4124,4126],{"id":4125},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[58,4128,4130],{"className":60,"code":4129,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[17,4131,4132,4152],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4133,4134,4136,4138,4140,4142,4144,4146,4148,4150],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4135,74],{"class":73},[67,4137,78],{"class":77},[67,4139,82],{"class":81},[67,4141,464],{"class":85},[67,4143,89],{"class":81},[67,4145,3182],{"class":85},[67,4147,89],{"class":81},[67,4149,2639],{"class":85},[67,4151,100],{"class":81},[67,4153,4154,4156,4158,4160,4162,4164],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,4155,135],{"class":134},[67,4157,138],{"class":81},[67,4159,3906],{"class":134},[67,4161,138],{"class":81},[67,4163,154],{"class":117},[67,4165,1426],{"class":81},[14,4167,159],{},[58,4169,4171],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"True\n",[17,4172,4173],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4174,4175],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4176,4170],{"class":4043},[14,4178,4179,4180,2584,4182,114],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[17,4181,3767],{},[17,4183,3793],{},[1109,4185,4187],{"id":4186},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[58,4189,4191],{"className":60,"code":4190,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[17,4192,4193,4213],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4194,4195,4197,4199,4201,4203,4205,4207,4209,4211],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4196,74],{"class":73},[67,4198,78],{"class":77},[67,4200,82],{"class":81},[67,4202,464],{"class":85},[67,4204,89],{"class":81},[67,4206,1388],{"class":85},[67,4208,89],{"class":81},[67,4210,2639],{"class":85},[67,4212,100],{"class":81},[67,4214,4215,4217,4219,4221,4223,4225],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,4216,135],{"class":134},[67,4218,138],{"class":81},[67,4220,3906],{"class":134},[67,4222,138],{"class":81},[67,4224,154],{"class":117},[67,4226,1426],{"class":81},[14,4228,159],{},[58,4230,4232],{"className":60,"code":4231,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"False\n",[17,4233,4234],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4235,4236],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4237,4231],{"class":4043},[14,4239,4240,4241,4243,4244,2584,4246,114],{},"The value ",[17,4242,1031],{}," is falsy, so ",[17,4245,3767],{},[17,4247,3863],{},[1109,4249,4251],{"id":4250},"example-strings","Example: strings",[58,4253,4255],{"className":60,"code":4254,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[17,4256,4257,4290],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4258,4259,4262,4264,4266,4268,4270,4272,4274,4276,4278,4280,4282,4284,4286,4288],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4260,4261],{"class":73},"words ",[67,4263,78],{"class":77},[67,4265,82],{"class":81},[67,4267,333],{"class":239},[67,4269,689],{"class":243},[67,4271,333],{"class":239},[67,4273,89],{"class":81},[67,4275,342],{"class":239},[67,4277,698],{"class":243},[67,4279,333],{"class":239},[67,4281,89],{"class":81},[67,4283,342],{"class":239},[67,4285,707],{"class":243},[67,4287,333],{"class":239},[67,4289,100],{"class":81},[67,4291,4292,4294,4296,4298,4300,4303],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,4293,135],{"class":134},[67,4295,138],{"class":81},[67,4297,3906],{"class":134},[67,4299,138],{"class":81},[67,4301,4302],{"class":117},"words",[67,4304,1426],{"class":81},[14,4306,159],{},[58,4308,4309],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,4310,4311],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4312,4313],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4314,4170],{"class":4043},[14,4316,4317],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4319,4320],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[58,4322,4324],{"className":60,"code":4323,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[17,4325,4326,4354],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4327,4328,4330,4332,4334,4336,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348,4350,4352],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4329,4261],{"class":73},[67,4331,78],{"class":77},[67,4333,82],{"class":81},[67,4335,333],{"class":239},[67,4337,689],{"class":243},[67,4339,333],{"class":239},[67,4341,89],{"class":81},[67,4343,4029],{"class":239},[67,4345,89],{"class":81},[67,4347,342],{"class":239},[67,4349,707],{"class":243},[67,4351,333],{"class":239},[67,4353,100],{"class":81},[67,4355,4356,4358,4360,4362,4364,4366],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,4357,135],{"class":134},[67,4359,138],{"class":81},[67,4361,3906],{"class":134},[67,4363,138],{"class":81},[67,4365,4302],{"class":117},[67,4367,1426],{"class":81},[14,4369,159],{},[58,4371,4372],{"className":60,"code":4231,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,4373,4374],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4375,4376],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4377,4231],{"class":4043},[14,4379,4380,4381,4383],{},"The empty string ",[17,4382,3965],{}," is falsy.",[53,4385,4387,4388,4390],{"id":4386},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[17,4389,3767],{}," works with conditions",[14,4392,4393,4395],{},[17,4394,3767],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4397,4398],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4400,4401],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[58,4403,4405],{"className":60,"code":4404,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,4406,4407,4427,4454,4458],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4408,4409,4411,4413,4415,4417,4419,4421,4423,4425],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4410,74],{"class":73},[67,4412,78],{"class":77},[67,4414,82],{"class":81},[67,4416,464],{"class":85},[67,4418,89],{"class":81},[67,4420,3182],{"class":85},[67,4422,89],{"class":81},[67,4424,2639],{"class":85},[67,4426,100],{"class":81},[67,4428,4429,4431,4433,4435,4437,4439,4442,4444,4446,4448,4450,4452],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,4430,2416],{"class":73},[67,4432,78],{"class":77},[67,4434,3832],{"class":134},[67,4436,138],{"class":81},[67,4438,3214],{"class":117},[67,4440,4441],{"class":77},">",[67,4443,1388],{"class":85},[67,4445,4068],{"class":1167},[67,4447,4071],{"class":117},[67,4449,4074],{"class":1167},[67,4451,111],{"class":117},[67,4453,144],{"class":81},[67,4455,4456],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,4457,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,4459,4460,4462,4464,4466],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,4461,135],{"class":134},[67,4463,138],{"class":81},[67,4465,2451],{"class":117},[67,4467,144],{"class":81},[14,4469,159],{},[58,4471,4472],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,4473,4474],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4475,4476],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4477,4170],{"class":4043},[14,4479,4480],{},"Here is one that fails:",[58,4482,4484],{"className":60,"code":4483,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,4485,4486,4508,4534,4538],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4487,4488,4490,4492,4494,4496,4498,4500,4502,4504,4506],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4489,74],{"class":73},[67,4491,78],{"class":77},[67,4493,82],{"class":81},[67,4495,464],{"class":85},[67,4497,89],{"class":81},[67,4499,2408],{"class":77},[67,4501,2245],{"class":85},[67,4503,89],{"class":81},[67,4505,2639],{"class":85},[67,4507,100],{"class":81},[67,4509,4510,4512,4514,4516,4518,4520,4522,4524,4526,4528,4530,4532],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,4511,2416],{"class":73},[67,4513,78],{"class":77},[67,4515,3832],{"class":134},[67,4517,138],{"class":81},[67,4519,3214],{"class":117},[67,4521,4441],{"class":77},[67,4523,1388],{"class":85},[67,4525,4068],{"class":1167},[67,4527,4071],{"class":117},[67,4529,4074],{"class":1167},[67,4531,111],{"class":117},[67,4533,144],{"class":81},[67,4535,4536],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,4537,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,4539,4540,4542,4544,4546],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,4541,135],{"class":134},[67,4543,138],{"class":81},[67,4545,2451],{"class":117},[67,4547,144],{"class":81},[14,4549,159],{},[58,4551,4552],{"className":60,"code":4231,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,4553,4554],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4555,4556],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4557,4231],{"class":4043},[14,4559,4560,4561,4564,4565,4567,4568,2584,4570,114],{},"The expression ",[17,4562,4563],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[17,4566,3793],{},", then ",[17,4569,3767],{},[17,4571,3793],{},[14,4573,4574],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4576,4577,4578,961,4582,114],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[45,4579,4581],{"href":4580},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[45,4583,4585],{"href":4584},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[53,4587,4589],{"id":4588},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4591,4592,2584,4594,114],{},[17,4593,3790],{},[17,4595,3793],{},[14,4597,4598],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4600,222],{},[58,4602,4604],{"className":60,"code":4603,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(all([]))\n",[17,4605,4606],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4607,4608,4610,4612,4614],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4609,135],{"class":134},[67,4611,138],{"class":81},[67,4613,3906],{"class":134},[67,4615,4616],{"class":81},"([]))\n",[14,4618,159],{},[58,4620,4621],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,4622,4623],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4624,4625],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4626,4170],{"class":4043},[14,4628,4629],{},"Why?",[14,4631,4632],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4634,4635],{},"Think of it this way:",[25,4637,4638,4645,4648],{},[28,4639,4640,2584,4642,4644],{},[17,4641,3767],{},[17,4643,3863],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[28,4646,4647],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[28,4649,4650,4651],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[17,4652,3863],{},[14,4654,4655],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4657,4658],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[58,4660,4662],{"className":60,"code":4661,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[17,4663,4664,4675],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4665,4666,4668,4670,4672],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4667,135],{"class":134},[67,4669,138],{"class":81},[67,4671,3906],{"class":134},[67,4673,4674],{"class":81},"(()))\n",[67,4676,4677,4679,4681,4683,4685,4687],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,4678,135],{"class":134},[67,4680,138],{"class":81},[67,4682,3906],{"class":134},[67,4684,138],{"class":81},[67,4686,3965],{"class":239},[67,4688,1426],{"class":81},[14,4690,159],{},[58,4692,4694],{"className":60,"code":4693,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"True\nTrue\n",[17,4695,4696,4700],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4697,4698],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4699,4170],{"class":4043},[67,4701,4702],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,4703,4170],{"class":4043},[53,4705,4707],{"id":4706},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1109,4709,4711],{"id":4710},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4713,4714],{},"This is wrong:",[58,4716,4718],{"className":60,"code":4717,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[17,4719,4720,4725],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4721,4722],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4723,4724],{"class":3852},"# Wrong\n",[67,4726,4727],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,4728,4729],{"class":3852},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4731,4732,4734],{},[17,4733,3767],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4736,4737],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[58,4739,4741],{"className":60,"code":4740,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[17,4742,4743],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4744,4745,4747,4749,4751,4753,4755,4757,4759,4761,4763],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4746,135],{"class":134},[67,4748,138],{"class":81},[67,4750,3906],{"class":134},[67,4752,370],{"class":81},[67,4754,464],{"class":85},[67,4756,89],{"class":81},[67,4758,3182],{"class":85},[67,4760,89],{"class":81},[67,4762,2639],{"class":85},[67,4764,3189],{"class":81},[1109,4766,4768,4769,4771],{"id":4767},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[17,4770,3767],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4773,4774],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[58,4776,4778],{"className":60,"code":4777,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[17,4779,4780,4801],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4781,4782,4784,4786,4788,4790,4792,4795,4797,4799],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4783,74],{"class":73},[67,4785,78],{"class":77},[67,4787,82],{"class":81},[67,4789,1308],{"class":85},[67,4791,89],{"class":81},[67,4793,4794],{"class":85}," 5",[67,4796,89],{"class":81},[67,4798,4794],{"class":85},[67,4800,100],{"class":81},[67,4802,4803,4805,4807,4809,4811,4813],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,4804,135],{"class":134},[67,4806,138],{"class":81},[67,4808,3906],{"class":134},[67,4810,138],{"class":81},[67,4812,154],{"class":117},[67,4814,1426],{"class":81},[14,4816,4817,4818,4821],{},"This does ",[3934,4819,4820],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4823,4824,4825,4827],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[17,4826,1308],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[58,4829,4830],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,4831,4832],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4833,4834],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4835,4170],{"class":4043},[14,4837,4838],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[58,4840,4842],{"className":60,"code":4841,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[17,4843,4844,4864],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4845,4846,4848,4850,4852,4854,4856,4858,4860,4862],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4847,74],{"class":73},[67,4849,78],{"class":77},[67,4851,82],{"class":81},[67,4853,1308],{"class":85},[67,4855,89],{"class":81},[67,4857,4794],{"class":85},[67,4859,89],{"class":81},[67,4861,4794],{"class":85},[67,4863,100],{"class":81},[67,4865,4866,4868,4870,4872,4874,4876,4879,4881,4883,4885,4887,4889],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,4867,135],{"class":134},[67,4869,138],{"class":81},[67,4871,3906],{"class":134},[67,4873,138],{"class":81},[67,4875,3214],{"class":117},[67,4877,4878],{"class":77},"==",[67,4880,4794],{"class":85},[67,4882,4068],{"class":1167},[67,4884,4071],{"class":117},[67,4886,4074],{"class":1167},[67,4888,111],{"class":117},[67,4890,1426],{"class":81},[1109,4892,4894,4895,4897],{"id":4893},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[17,4896,1031],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[58,4899,4901],{"className":60,"code":4900,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[17,4902,4903,4929],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4904,4905,4907,4909,4911,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4926],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4906,135],{"class":134},[67,4908,138],{"class":81},[67,4910,3906],{"class":134},[67,4912,370],{"class":81},[67,4914,464],{"class":85},[67,4916,89],{"class":81},[67,4918,3182],{"class":85},[67,4920,89],{"class":81},[67,4922,1388],{"class":85},[67,4924,4925],{"class":81},"]))",[67,4927,4928],{"class":3852},"       # False\n",[67,4930,4931,4933,4935,4937,4939,4941,4943,4945,4947,4949,4951,4953,4955,4957,4959],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,4932,135],{"class":134},[67,4934,138],{"class":81},[67,4936,3906],{"class":134},[67,4938,370],{"class":81},[67,4940,333],{"class":239},[67,4942,45],{"class":243},[67,4944,333],{"class":239},[67,4946,89],{"class":81},[67,4948,342],{"class":239},[67,4950,428],{"class":243},[67,4952,333],{"class":239},[67,4954,89],{"class":81},[67,4956,4029],{"class":239},[67,4958,4925],{"class":81},[67,4960,4961],{"class":3852},"  # False\n",[14,4963,4964,4965,114],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[17,4966,3863],{},[1109,4968,4970,4971,4973,4974],{"id":4969},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[17,4972,3790],{}," is ",[17,4975,3793],{},[14,4977,4978],{},"This is expected behavior:",[58,4980,4982],{"className":60,"code":4981,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[17,4983,4984],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,4985,4986,4988,4990,4992,4995],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,4987,135],{"class":134},[67,4989,138],{"class":81},[67,4991,3906],{"class":134},[67,4993,4994],{"class":81},"([]))",[67,4996,3853],{"class":3852},[14,4998,4999,5000,5002],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[17,5001,3793],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,5004,5005],{},"Useful quick tests:",[58,5007,5009],{"className":60,"code":5008,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[17,5010,5011,5033,5055,5102,5138],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,5012,5013,5015,5017,5019,5021,5023,5025,5027,5029,5031],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,5014,135],{"class":134},[67,5016,138],{"class":81},[67,5018,3906],{"class":134},[67,5020,370],{"class":81},[67,5022,464],{"class":85},[67,5024,89],{"class":81},[67,5026,3182],{"class":85},[67,5028,89],{"class":81},[67,5030,2639],{"class":85},[67,5032,3189],{"class":81},[67,5034,5035,5037,5039,5041,5043,5045,5047,5049,5051,5053],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,5036,135],{"class":134},[67,5038,138],{"class":81},[67,5040,3906],{"class":134},[67,5042,370],{"class":81},[67,5044,464],{"class":85},[67,5046,89],{"class":81},[67,5048,1388],{"class":85},[67,5050,89],{"class":81},[67,5052,2639],{"class":85},[67,5054,3189],{"class":81},[67,5056,5057,5059,5061,5063,5065,5067,5069,5071,5073,5075,5077,5079,5081,5083,5085,5087,5089,5091,5093,5095,5097,5099],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,5058,135],{"class":134},[67,5060,370],{"class":81},[67,5062,4059],{"class":362},[67,5064,138],{"class":81},[67,5066,2361],{"class":117},[67,5068,3849],{"class":81},[67,5070,4068],{"class":1167},[67,5072,4071],{"class":117},[67,5074,4074],{"class":1167},[67,5076,82],{"class":81},[67,5078,464],{"class":85},[67,5080,89],{"class":81},[67,5082,1388],{"class":85},[67,5084,89],{"class":81},[67,5086,4029],{"class":239},[67,5088,89],{"class":81},[67,5090,342],{"class":239},[67,5092,4036],{"class":243},[67,5094,333],{"class":239},[67,5096,89],{"class":81},[67,5098,4044],{"class":4043},[67,5100,5101],{"class":81},"]])\n",[67,5103,5104,5106,5108,5110,5112,5114,5116,5118,5120,5122,5124,5126,5128,5130,5132,5134,5136],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,5105,135],{"class":134},[67,5107,138],{"class":81},[67,5109,3906],{"class":134},[67,5111,138],{"class":81},[67,5113,3214],{"class":117},[67,5115,4441],{"class":77},[67,5117,1388],{"class":85},[67,5119,4068],{"class":1167},[67,5121,4071],{"class":117},[67,5123,4074],{"class":1167},[67,5125,82],{"class":81},[67,5127,464],{"class":85},[67,5129,89],{"class":81},[67,5131,3182],{"class":85},[67,5133,89],{"class":81},[67,5135,2639],{"class":85},[67,5137,3189],{"class":81},[67,5139,5140,5142,5144,5146],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,5141,135],{"class":134},[67,5143,138],{"class":81},[67,5145,3906],{"class":134},[67,5147,4616],{"class":81},[53,5149,5151,5152],{"id":5150},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[17,5153,3767],{},[14,5155,5156,5158],{},[17,5157,3767],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,5160,5161],{},"Common use cases:",[25,5163,5164,5167,5170],{},[28,5165,5166],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[28,5168,5169],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[28,5171,5172],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,5174,5175],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[58,5177,5179],{"className":60,"code":5178,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[17,5180,5181,5216],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,5182,5183,5185,5187,5189,5191,5194,5196,5198,5200,5203,5205,5207,5209,5212,5214],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,5184,977],{"class":73},[67,5186,78],{"class":77},[67,5188,82],{"class":81},[67,5190,333],{"class":239},[67,5192,5193],{"class":243},"Alice",[67,5195,333],{"class":239},[67,5197,89],{"class":81},[67,5199,342],{"class":239},[67,5201,5202],{"class":243},"Bob",[67,5204,333],{"class":239},[67,5206,89],{"class":81},[67,5208,342],{"class":239},[67,5210,5211],{"class":243},"Charlie",[67,5213,333],{"class":239},[67,5215,100],{"class":81},[67,5217,5218,5220,5222,5224,5226,5228],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,5219,135],{"class":134},[67,5221,138],{"class":81},[67,5223,3906],{"class":134},[67,5225,138],{"class":81},[67,5227,1057],{"class":117},[67,5229,1426],{"class":81},[14,5231,159],{},[58,5233,5234],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,5235,5236],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,5237,5238],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,5239,4170],{"class":4043},[14,5241,5242],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[58,5244,5246],{"className":60,"code":5245,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[17,5247,5248,5272],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,5249,5250,5253,5255,5257,5260,5262,5265,5267,5270],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,5251,5252],{"class":73},"scores ",[67,5254,78],{"class":77},[67,5256,82],{"class":81},[67,5258,5259],{"class":85},"75",[67,5261,89],{"class":81},[67,5263,5264],{"class":85}," 80",[67,5266,89],{"class":81},[67,5268,5269],{"class":85}," 50",[67,5271,100],{"class":81},[67,5273,5274,5276,5278,5280,5282,5285,5288,5290,5292,5295,5297,5300],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,5275,135],{"class":134},[67,5277,138],{"class":81},[67,5279,3906],{"class":134},[67,5281,138],{"class":81},[67,5283,5284],{"class":117},"score ",[67,5286,5287],{"class":77},">=",[67,5289,5269],{"class":85},[67,5291,4068],{"class":1167},[67,5293,5294],{"class":117}," score ",[67,5296,4074],{"class":1167},[67,5298,5299],{"class":117}," scores",[67,5301,1426],{"class":81},[14,5303,159],{},[58,5305,5306],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,5307,5308],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,5309,5310],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,5311,4170],{"class":4043},[14,5313,5314],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5316,5317,5318,961,5322,114],{},"For related tasks, see ",[45,5319,5321],{"href":5320},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[45,5323,5325],{"href":5324},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[53,5327,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,5329,5331,5332,5334],{"id":5330},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[17,5333,3767],{}," return in Python?",[14,5336,5337,5338,5340,5341,5343],{},"It returns ",[17,5339,3793],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[17,5342,3863],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1109,5345,5347,5348,5350,5351,2681],{"id":5346},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[17,5349,3790],{}," return ",[17,5352,3793],{},[14,5354,5355],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1109,5357,5359,5360,5362],{"id":5358},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[17,5361,3767],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5364,5365],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1109,5367,5369,5370,961,5372,2681],{"id":5368},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[17,5371,3767],{},[17,5373,5374],{},"any()",[14,5376,5377,5379,5380,5382,5383,114],{},[17,5378,3767],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[17,5381,5374],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[45,5384,3764,5386,3697],{"href":5385},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[17,5387,5374],{},[53,5389,2094],{"id":2093},[25,5391,5392,5398,5402,5407,5412,5417],{},[28,5393,5394],{},[45,5395,3764,5396,3697],{"href":5385},[17,5397,5374],{},[28,5399,5400],{},[45,5401,3998],{"href":3997},[28,5403,5404],{},[45,5405,5406],{"href":5324},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[28,5408,5409],{},[45,5410,5411],{"href":5320},"How to filter a list in Python",[28,5413,5414],{},[45,5415,5416],{"href":4580},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[28,5418,5419],{},[45,5420,5421],{"href":4584},"What is an iterable in Python",[2122,5423,5424],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":5426},[5427,5428,5430,5431,5436,5438,5439,5448,5450,5460],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":3866,"depth":103,"text":5429},"What all() does",{"id":3919,"depth":103,"text":3920},{"id":4121,"depth":103,"text":4122,"children":5432},[5433,5434,5435],{"id":4125,"depth":124,"text":4126},{"id":4186,"depth":124,"text":4187},{"id":4250,"depth":124,"text":4251},{"id":4386,"depth":103,"text":5437},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4588,"depth":103,"text":4589},{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":5440},[5441,5442,5444,5446],{"id":4710,"depth":124,"text":4711},{"id":4767,"depth":124,"text":5443},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4893,"depth":124,"text":5445},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4969,"depth":124,"text":5447},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5150,"depth":103,"text":5449},"When to use all()",{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":5451},[5452,5454,5456,5458],{"id":5330,"depth":124,"text":5453},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5346,"depth":124,"text":5455},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5358,"depth":124,"text":5457},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5368,"depth":124,"text":5459},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3758,"description":5461},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5468,"title":5469,"body":5470,"description":7160,"extension":2153,"meta":7161,"navigation":127,"path":5385,"seo":7162,"stem":7163,"__hash__":7164},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5471,"toc":7138},[5472,5475,5483,5486,5503,5511,5555,5564,5568,5573,5576,5593,5596,5607,5619,5623,5626,5641,5646,5649,5661,5664,5749,5752,5773,5779,5781,5789,5803,5805,5839,5841,5844,5905,5907,5924,5927,5954,5956,5964,5976,5980,5983,6022,6024,6032,6034,6050,6058,6061,6104,6106,6114,6119,6123,6131,6134,6160,6163,6166,6240,6242,6250,6257,6281,6292,6295,6374,6376,6384,6391,6395,6400,6415,6417,6425,6428,6434,6437,6483,6485,6502,6506,6511,6522,6525,6638,6641,6700,6706,6708,6713,6717,6719,6738,6744,6747,6766,6770,6779,6806,6808,6816,6824,6828,6834,6857,6859,6867,6874,6878,6881,6932,6935,6986,6989,6991,6995,7002,7006,7013,7017,7025,7029,7032,7054,7056,7106,7108,7135],[10,5473,5469],{"id":5474},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5476,5477,5479,5480,114],{},[17,5478,5374],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[3934,5481,5482],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5484,5485],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[25,5487,5488,5491,5494,5497,5500],{},[28,5489,5490],{},"lists",[28,5492,5493],{},"tuples",[28,5495,5496],{},"sets",[28,5498,5499],{},"strings",[28,5501,5502],{},"generator expressions",[14,5504,5505,5506,3068,5508,5510],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[17,5507,3793],{},[17,5509,3863],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[58,5512,5514],{"className":60,"code":5513,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[17,5515,5516,5536],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,5517,5518,5520,5522,5524,5526,5528,5530,5532,5534],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,5519,4014],{"class":73},[67,5521,78],{"class":77},[67,5523,82],{"class":81},[67,5525,1031],{"class":85},[67,5527,89],{"class":81},[67,5529,4029],{"class":239},[67,5531,89],{"class":81},[67,5533,4794],{"class":85},[67,5535,100],{"class":81},[67,5537,5538,5540,5542,5545,5547,5550,5553],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,5539,135],{"class":134},[67,5541,138],{"class":81},[67,5543,5544],{"class":134},"any",[67,5546,138],{"class":81},[67,5548,5549],{"class":117},"values",[67,5551,5552],{"class":81},"))",[67,5554,3853],{"class":3852},[14,5556,185,5557,5560,5561,5563],{},[17,5558,5559],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[17,5562,3793],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[53,5565,5567],{"id":5566},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5569,5570,5572],{},[17,5571,5374],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5574,5575],{},"It returns:",[25,5577,5578,5583,5588],{},[28,5579,5580,5582],{},[17,5581,3793],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[28,5584,5585,5587],{},[17,5586,3863],{}," if all items are falsy",[28,5589,5590,5592],{},[17,5591,3863],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5594,5595],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[25,5597,5598,5601,5604],{},[28,5599,5600],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[28,5602,5603],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[28,5605,5606],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5608,5609,5610,5613,5614,114],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[3934,5611,5612],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[45,5615,5617],{"href":5616},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[17,5618,3767],{},[53,5620,5622],{"id":5621},"syntax","Syntax",[14,5624,5625],{},"The syntax is simple:",[58,5627,5629],{"className":60,"code":5628,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"any(iterable)\n",[17,5630,5631],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,5632,5633,5635,5637,5639],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,5634,5544],{"class":134},[67,5636,138],{"class":81},[67,5638,3911],{"class":117},[67,5640,144],{"class":81},[14,5642,5643,5644,114],{},"The argument must be an ",[3934,5645,3911],{},[14,5647,5648],{},"Common inputs include:",[25,5650,5651,5653,5655,5657,5659],{},[28,5652,5490],{},[28,5654,5493],{},[28,5656,5496],{},[28,5658,5499],{},[28,5660,5502],{},[14,5662,5663],{},"For example:",[58,5665,5667],{"className":60,"code":5666,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[17,5668,5669,5692,5711,5731],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,5670,5671,5673,5675,5677,5679,5681,5683,5685,5687,5690],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,5672,135],{"class":134},[67,5674,138],{"class":81},[67,5676,5544],{"class":134},[67,5678,370],{"class":81},[67,5680,1031],{"class":85},[67,5682,89],{"class":81},[67,5684,1388],{"class":85},[67,5686,89],{"class":81},[67,5688,5689],{"class":85}," 1",[67,5691,3189],{"class":81},[67,5693,5694,5696,5698,5700,5703,5705,5707,5709],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,5695,135],{"class":134},[67,5697,138],{"class":81},[67,5699,5544],{"class":134},[67,5701,5702],{"class":81},"((",[67,5704,3863],{"class":4043},[67,5706,89],{"class":81},[67,5708,4097],{"class":4043},[67,5710,3102],{"class":81},[67,5712,5713,5715,5717,5719,5722,5724,5726,5728],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,5714,135],{"class":134},[67,5716,138],{"class":81},[67,5718,5544],{"class":134},[67,5720,5721],{"class":81},"({",[67,5723,1031],{"class":85},[67,5725,89],{"class":81},[67,5727,3182],{"class":85},[67,5729,5730],{"class":81},"}))\n",[67,5732,5733,5735,5737,5739,5741,5743,5745,5747],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,5734,135],{"class":134},[67,5736,138],{"class":81},[67,5738,5544],{"class":134},[67,5740,138],{"class":81},[67,5742,240],{"class":239},[67,5744,4036],{"class":243},[67,5746,240],{"class":239},[67,5748,1426],{"class":81},[14,5750,5751],{},"Expected output:",[58,5753,5755],{"className":60,"code":5754,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[17,5756,5757,5761,5765,5769],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,5758,5759],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,5760,4170],{"class":4043},[67,5762,5763],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,5764,4231],{"class":4043},[67,5766,5767],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,5768,4170],{"class":4043},[67,5770,5771],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,5772,4170],{"class":4043},[14,5774,5775,5776,114],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[45,5777,5325],{"href":5778},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[53,5780,3920],{"id":3919},[14,5782,3923,5783,3068,5786,3928],{},[3934,5784,5785],{},"truthy",[3934,5787,5788],{},"falsy",[25,5790,5791,5797],{},[28,5792,5793,3937,5795],{},[3934,5794,3936],{},[17,5796,3793],{},[28,5798,5799,3937,5801],{},[3934,5800,3944],{},[17,5802,3863],{},[14,5804,3949],{},[25,5806,5807,5811,5815,5819,5823,5827,5831,5835],{},[28,5808,5809],{},[17,5810,3863],{},[28,5812,5813],{},[17,5814,1031],{},[28,5816,5817],{},[17,5818,3960],{},[28,5820,5821],{},[17,5822,3965],{},[28,5824,5825],{},[17,5826,3978],{},[28,5828,5829],{},[17,5830,3983],{},[28,5832,5833],{},[17,5834,3988],{},[28,5836,5837],{},[17,5838,1103],{},[14,5840,3991],{},[14,5842,5843],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[58,5845,5847],{"className":60,"code":5846,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[17,5848,5849,5863,5881],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,5850,5851,5853,5855,5857,5859,5861],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,5852,135],{"class":134},[67,5854,138],{"class":81},[67,5856,5544],{"class":134},[67,5858,370],{"class":81},[67,5860,464],{"class":85},[67,5862,3189],{"class":81},[67,5864,5865,5867,5869,5871,5873,5875,5877,5879],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,5866,135],{"class":134},[67,5868,138],{"class":81},[67,5870,5544],{"class":134},[67,5872,370],{"class":81},[67,5874,333],{"class":239},[67,5876,4036],{"class":243},[67,5878,333],{"class":239},[67,5880,3189],{"class":81},[67,5882,5883,5885,5887,5889,5892,5894,5896,5898,5900,5902],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,5884,135],{"class":134},[67,5886,138],{"class":81},[67,5888,5544],{"class":134},[67,5890,5891],{"class":81},"([[",[67,5893,464],{"class":85},[67,5895,89],{"class":81},[67,5897,3182],{"class":85},[67,5899,89],{"class":81},[67,5901,2639],{"class":85},[67,5903,5904],{"class":81},"]]))\n",[14,5906,5751],{},[58,5908,5910],{"className":60,"code":5909,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[17,5911,5912,5916,5920],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,5913,5914],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,5915,4170],{"class":4043},[67,5917,5918],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,5919,4170],{"class":4043},[67,5921,5922],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,5923,4170],{"class":4043},[14,5925,5926],{},"And these are all falsy:",[58,5928,5930],{"className":60,"code":5929,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[17,5931,5932],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,5933,5934,5936,5938,5940,5942,5944,5946,5948,5950,5952],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,5935,135],{"class":134},[67,5937,138],{"class":81},[67,5939,5544],{"class":134},[67,5941,370],{"class":81},[67,5943,1031],{"class":85},[67,5945,89],{"class":81},[67,5947,4029],{"class":239},[67,5949,89],{"class":81},[67,5951,4044],{"class":4043},[67,5953,3189],{"class":81},[14,5955,5751],{},[58,5957,5958],{"className":60,"code":4231,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,5959,5960],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,5961,5962],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,5963,4231],{"class":4043},[14,5965,5966,5967,961,5970,114],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[45,5968,3998],{"href":5969},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[45,5971,5973,5975],{"href":5972},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[17,5974,4004],{}," explained",[53,5977,5979],{"id":5978},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,5981,5982],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[58,5984,5986],{"className":60,"code":5985,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[17,5987,5988,6008],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,5989,5990,5992,5994,5996,5998,6000,6002,6004,6006],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,5991,4014],{"class":73},[67,5993,78],{"class":77},[67,5995,82],{"class":81},[67,5997,1031],{"class":85},[67,5999,89],{"class":81},[67,6001,4029],{"class":239},[67,6003,89],{"class":81},[67,6005,4794],{"class":85},[67,6007,100],{"class":81},[67,6009,6010,6012,6014,6016,6018,6020],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,6011,135],{"class":134},[67,6013,138],{"class":81},[67,6015,5544],{"class":134},[67,6017,138],{"class":81},[67,6019,5549],{"class":117},[67,6021,1426],{"class":81},[14,6023,159],{},[58,6025,6026],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,6027,6028],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6029,6030],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6031,4170],{"class":4043},[14,6033,4629],{},[25,6035,6036,6041,6045],{},[28,6037,6038,6040],{},[17,6039,1031],{}," is falsy",[28,6042,6043,6040],{},[17,6044,3965],{},[28,6046,6047,6049],{},[17,6048,1308],{}," is truthy",[14,6051,6052,6053,2584,6056,114],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[17,6054,6055],{},"any(values)",[17,6057,3793],{},[14,6059,6060],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[58,6062,6064],{"className":60,"code":6063,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[17,6065,6066,6090],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6067,6068,6070,6072,6074,6076,6078,6080,6082,6084,6086,6088],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6069,4014],{"class":73},[67,6071,78],{"class":77},[67,6073,82],{"class":81},[67,6075,1031],{"class":85},[67,6077,89],{"class":81},[67,6079,4029],{"class":239},[67,6081,89],{"class":81},[67,6083,4044],{"class":4043},[67,6085,89],{"class":81},[67,6087,4097],{"class":4043},[67,6089,100],{"class":81},[67,6091,6092,6094,6096,6098,6100,6102],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,6093,135],{"class":134},[67,6095,138],{"class":81},[67,6097,5544],{"class":134},[67,6099,138],{"class":81},[67,6101,5549],{"class":117},[67,6103,1426],{"class":81},[14,6105,159],{},[58,6107,6108],{"className":60,"code":4231,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,6109,6110],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6111,6112],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6113,4231],{"class":4043},[14,6115,6116,6117,114],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[17,6118,3863],{},[53,6120,6122],{"id":6121},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,6124,6125,6127,6128,114],{},[17,6126,5374],{}," is often used with a ",[3934,6129,6130],{},"generator expression",[14,6132,6133],{},"This is a common pattern:",[58,6135,6137],{"className":60,"code":6136,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[17,6138,6139],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6140,6141,6143,6145,6148,6151,6154,6156,6158],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6142,5544],{"class":134},[67,6144,138],{"class":81},[67,6146,6147],{"class":117},"condition ",[67,6149,6150],{"class":1167},"for",[67,6152,6153],{"class":117}," item ",[67,6155,4074],{"class":1167},[67,6157,1220],{"class":117},[67,6159,144],{"class":81},[14,6161,6162],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,6164,6165],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[58,6167,6169],{"className":60,"code":6168,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[17,6170,6171,6199,6203,6230],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6172,6173,6175,6177,6179,6181,6183,6186,6188,6190,6192,6194,6197],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6174,74],{"class":73},[67,6176,78],{"class":77},[67,6178,82],{"class":81},[67,6180,2694],{"class":85},[67,6182,89],{"class":81},[67,6184,6185],{"class":85}," 7",[67,6187,89],{"class":81},[67,6189,2408],{"class":77},[67,6191,2245],{"class":85},[67,6193,89],{"class":81},[67,6195,6196],{"class":85}," 10",[67,6198,100],{"class":81},[67,6200,6201],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,6202,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,6204,6205,6207,6209,6212,6214,6216,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226,6228],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,6206,2416],{"class":73},[67,6208,78],{"class":77},[67,6210,6211],{"class":134}," any",[67,6213,138],{"class":81},[67,6215,3214],{"class":117},[67,6217,1397],{"class":77},[67,6219,1388],{"class":85},[67,6221,4068],{"class":1167},[67,6223,4071],{"class":117},[67,6225,4074],{"class":1167},[67,6227,111],{"class":117},[67,6229,144],{"class":81},[67,6231,6232,6234,6236,6238],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,6233,135],{"class":134},[67,6235,138],{"class":81},[67,6237,2451],{"class":117},[67,6239,144],{"class":81},[14,6241,159],{},[58,6243,6244],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,6245,6246],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6247,6248],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6249,4170],{"class":4043},[14,6251,6252,6253,6256],{},"This works because ",[17,6254,6255],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[25,6258,6259,6267,6274],{},[28,6260,6261,6264,6265],{},[17,6262,6263],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[17,6266,3863],{},[28,6268,6269,6264,6272],{},[17,6270,6271],{},"7 \u003C 0",[17,6273,3863],{},[28,6275,6276,6264,6279],{},[17,6277,6278],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[17,6280,3793],{},[14,6282,6283,6284,6286,6287,6289,6290,114],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[17,6285,3793],{}," result, ",[17,6288,5374],{}," can return ",[17,6291,3793],{},[14,6293,6294],{},"Here is another example:",[58,6296,6298],{"className":60,"code":6297,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[17,6299,6300,6329,6333,6363],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6301,6302,6304,6306,6308,6310,6312,6314,6316,6319,6321,6323,6325,6327],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6303,4261],{"class":73},[67,6305,78],{"class":77},[67,6307,82],{"class":81},[67,6309,240],{"class":239},[67,6311,689],{"class":243},[67,6313,240],{"class":239},[67,6315,89],{"class":81},[67,6317,6318],{"class":239}," \"\"",[67,6320,89],{"class":81},[67,6322,251],{"class":239},[67,6324,698],{"class":243},[67,6326,240],{"class":239},[67,6328,100],{"class":81},[67,6330,6331],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,6332,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,6334,6335,6338,6340,6342,6344,6347,6349,6351,6353,6356,6358,6361],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,6336,6337],{"class":73},"has_empty_string ",[67,6339,78],{"class":77},[67,6341,6211],{"class":134},[67,6343,138],{"class":81},[67,6345,6346],{"class":117},"word ",[67,6348,4878],{"class":77},[67,6350,6318],{"class":239},[67,6352,4068],{"class":1167},[67,6354,6355],{"class":117}," word ",[67,6357,4074],{"class":1167},[67,6359,6360],{"class":117}," words",[67,6362,144],{"class":81},[67,6364,6365,6367,6369,6372],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,6366,135],{"class":134},[67,6368,138],{"class":81},[67,6370,6371],{"class":117},"has_empty_string",[67,6373,144],{"class":81},[14,6375,159],{},[58,6377,6378],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,6379,6380],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6381,6382],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6383,4170],{"class":4043},[14,6385,6386,6387,114],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[45,6388,6390],{"href":6389},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[53,6392,6394],{"id":6393},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6396,6397,6398,1161],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[17,6399,3863],{},[58,6401,6403],{"className":60,"code":6402,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(any([]))\n",[17,6404,6405],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6406,6407,6409,6411,6413],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6408,135],{"class":134},[67,6410,138],{"class":81},[67,6412,5544],{"class":134},[67,6414,4616],{"class":81},[14,6416,159],{},[58,6418,6419],{"className":60,"code":4231,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,6420,6421],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6422,6423],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6424,4231],{"class":4043},[14,6426,6427],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6429,6430,6431,6433],{},"The reason is simple: ",[17,6432,5374],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6435,6436],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[58,6438,6440],{"className":60,"code":6439,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[17,6441,6442,6452,6467],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6443,6444,6446,6448,6450],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6445,135],{"class":134},[67,6447,138],{"class":81},[67,6449,5544],{"class":134},[67,6451,4674],{"class":81},[67,6453,6454,6456,6458,6460,6462,6465],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,6455,135],{"class":134},[67,6457,138],{"class":81},[67,6459,5544],{"class":134},[67,6461,138],{"class":81},[67,6463,6464],{"class":239},"\"\"",[67,6466,1426],{"class":81},[67,6468,6469,6471,6473,6475,6477,6480],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,6470,135],{"class":134},[67,6472,138],{"class":81},[67,6474,5544],{"class":134},[67,6476,138],{"class":81},[67,6478,6479],{"class":362},"set",[67,6481,6482],{"class":81},"()))\n",[14,6484,159],{},[58,6486,6488],{"className":60,"code":6487,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[17,6489,6490,6494,6498],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6491,6492],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6493,4231],{"class":4043},[67,6495,6496],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,6497,4231],{"class":4043},[67,6499,6500],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,6501,4231],{"class":4043},[53,6503,6505],{"id":6504},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6507,185,6508,6510],{},[17,6509,5374],{}," when you want to:",[25,6512,6513,6516,6519],{},[28,6514,6515],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[28,6517,6518],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[28,6520,6521],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6523,6524],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[58,6526,6528],{"className":60,"code":6527,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[17,6529,6530,6555,6559,6569,6573,6586,6605,6615,6621,6626],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6531,6532,6534,6536,6538,6540,6542,6544,6546,6548,6550,6553],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6533,74],{"class":73},[67,6535,78],{"class":77},[67,6537,82],{"class":81},[67,6539,464],{"class":85},[67,6541,89],{"class":81},[67,6543,2639],{"class":85},[67,6545,89],{"class":81},[67,6547,4794],{"class":85},[67,6549,89],{"class":81},[67,6551,6552],{"class":85}," 8",[67,6554,100],{"class":81},[67,6556,6557],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,6558,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,6560,6561,6564,6566],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,6562,6563],{"class":73},"found_even ",[67,6565,78],{"class":77},[67,6567,6568],{"class":4043}," False\n",[67,6570,6571],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,6572,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,6574,6575,6577,6580,6582,6584],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,6576,6150],{"class":1167},[67,6578,6579],{"class":73}," number ",[67,6581,4074],{"class":1167},[67,6583,111],{"class":73},[67,6585,1223],{"class":81},[67,6587,6588,6591,6593,6596,6598,6601,6603],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,6589,6590],{"class":1167},"    if",[67,6592,6579],{"class":73},[67,6594,6595],{"class":77},"%",[67,6597,3182],{"class":85},[67,6599,6600],{"class":77}," ==",[67,6602,1388],{"class":85},[67,6604,1223],{"class":81},[67,6606,6607,6610,6612],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,6608,6609],{"class":73},"        found_even ",[67,6611,78],{"class":77},[67,6613,6614],{"class":4043}," True\n",[67,6616,6618],{"class":69,"line":6617},8,[67,6619,6620],{"class":1167},"        break\n",[67,6622,6624],{"class":69,"line":6623},9,[67,6625,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,6627,6629,6631,6633,6636],{"class":69,"line":6628},10,[67,6630,135],{"class":134},[67,6632,138],{"class":81},[67,6634,6635],{"class":117},"found_even",[67,6637,144],{"class":81},[14,6639,6640],{},"You can write:",[58,6642,6644],{"className":60,"code":6643,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[17,6645,6646,6670],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6647,6648,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664,6666,6668],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6649,74],{"class":73},[67,6651,78],{"class":77},[67,6653,82],{"class":81},[67,6655,464],{"class":85},[67,6657,89],{"class":81},[67,6659,2639],{"class":85},[67,6661,89],{"class":81},[67,6663,4794],{"class":85},[67,6665,89],{"class":81},[67,6667,6552],{"class":85},[67,6669,100],{"class":81},[67,6671,6672,6674,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686,6688,6690,6692,6694,6696,6698],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,6673,135],{"class":134},[67,6675,138],{"class":81},[67,6677,5544],{"class":134},[67,6679,138],{"class":81},[67,6681,2403],{"class":117},[67,6683,6595],{"class":77},[67,6685,3182],{"class":85},[67,6687,6600],{"class":77},[67,6689,1388],{"class":85},[67,6691,4068],{"class":1167},[67,6693,6579],{"class":117},[67,6695,4074],{"class":1167},[67,6697,111],{"class":117},[67,6699,1426],{"class":81},[14,6701,6702,6703,6705],{},"Both work, but ",[17,6704,5374],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[53,6707,4707],{"id":4706},[14,6709,6710,6711,114],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[17,6712,5374],{},[1109,6714,6716],{"id":6715},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6718,4714],{},[58,6720,6722],{"className":60,"code":6721,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(any(5))\n",[17,6723,6724],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6725,6726,6728,6730,6732,6734,6736],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6727,135],{"class":134},[67,6729,138],{"class":81},[67,6731,5544],{"class":134},[67,6733,138],{"class":81},[67,6735,1308],{"class":85},[67,6737,1426],{"class":81},[14,6739,6740,6741,6743],{},"It causes an error because ",[17,6742,1308],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6745,6746],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[58,6748,6750],{"className":60,"code":6749,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(any([5]))\n",[17,6751,6752],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6753,6754,6756,6758,6760,6762,6764],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6755,135],{"class":134},[67,6757,138],{"class":81},[67,6759,5544],{"class":134},[67,6761,370],{"class":81},[67,6763,1308],{"class":85},[67,6765,3189],{"class":81},[1109,6767,6769],{"id":6768},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6771,6772,6774,6775,6778],{},[17,6773,5374],{}," needs only ",[3934,6776,6777],{},"one"," truthy item.",[58,6780,6782],{"className":60,"code":6781,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[17,6783,6784],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6785,6786,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796,6798,6800,6802,6804],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6787,135],{"class":134},[67,6789,138],{"class":81},[67,6791,5544],{"class":134},[67,6793,370],{"class":81},[67,6795,3863],{"class":4043},[67,6797,89],{"class":81},[67,6799,4097],{"class":4043},[67,6801,89],{"class":81},[67,6803,4106],{"class":4043},[67,6805,3189],{"class":81},[14,6807,159],{},[58,6809,6810],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,6811,6812],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6813,6814],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6815,4170],{"class":4043},[14,6817,6818,6819,6823],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[45,6820,6821],{"href":5616},[17,6822,3767],{}," instead.",[1109,6825,6827],{"id":6826},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6829,6830,6831,114],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[17,6832,6833],{},"\"True\"",[58,6835,6837],{"className":60,"code":6836,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[17,6838,6839],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6840,6841,6843,6845,6847,6849,6851,6853,6855],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6842,135],{"class":134},[67,6844,138],{"class":81},[67,6846,5544],{"class":134},[67,6848,370],{"class":81},[67,6850,240],{"class":239},[67,6852,3863],{"class":243},[67,6854,240],{"class":239},[67,6856,3189],{"class":81},[14,6858,159],{},[58,6860,6861],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,6862,6863],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6864,6865],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6866,4170],{"class":4043},[14,6868,6869,6870,6873],{},"That is because ",[17,6871,6872],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1109,6875,6877],{"id":6876},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,6879,6880],{},"This works:",[58,6882,6884],{"className":60,"code":6883,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[17,6885,6886,6906],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6887,6888,6890,6892,6894,6896,6898,6900,6902,6904],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6889,74],{"class":73},[67,6891,78],{"class":77},[67,6893,82],{"class":81},[67,6895,464],{"class":85},[67,6897,89],{"class":81},[67,6899,3182],{"class":85},[67,6901,89],{"class":81},[67,6903,2639],{"class":85},[67,6905,100],{"class":81},[67,6907,6908,6910,6912,6914,6916,6918,6920,6922,6924,6926,6928,6930],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,6909,135],{"class":134},[67,6911,138],{"class":81},[67,6913,5544],{"class":134},[67,6915,370],{"class":81},[67,6917,3214],{"class":117},[67,6919,4441],{"class":77},[67,6921,3182],{"class":85},[67,6923,4068],{"class":1167},[67,6925,4071],{"class":117},[67,6927,4074],{"class":1167},[67,6929,111],{"class":117},[67,6931,3189],{"class":81},[14,6933,6934],{},"But this is usually better:",[58,6936,6938],{"className":60,"code":6937,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[17,6939,6940,6960],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,6941,6942,6944,6946,6948,6950,6952,6954,6956,6958],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,6943,74],{"class":73},[67,6945,78],{"class":77},[67,6947,82],{"class":81},[67,6949,464],{"class":85},[67,6951,89],{"class":81},[67,6953,3182],{"class":85},[67,6955,89],{"class":81},[67,6957,2639],{"class":85},[67,6959,100],{"class":81},[67,6961,6962,6964,6966,6968,6970,6972,6974,6976,6978,6980,6982,6984],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,6963,135],{"class":134},[67,6965,138],{"class":81},[67,6967,5544],{"class":134},[67,6969,138],{"class":81},[67,6971,3214],{"class":117},[67,6973,4441],{"class":77},[67,6975,3182],{"class":85},[67,6977,4068],{"class":1167},[67,6979,4071],{"class":117},[67,6981,4074],{"class":1167},[67,6983,111],{"class":117},[67,6985,1426],{"class":81},[14,6987,6988],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[53,6990,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,6992,6994],{"id":6993},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,6996,5337,6997,6999,7000,114],{},[17,6998,3793],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[17,7001,3863],{},[1109,7003,7005],{"id":7004},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,7007,7008,2584,7010,7012],{},[17,7009,5374],{},[17,7011,3863],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1109,7014,7016],{"id":7015},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,7018,7019,7021,7022,7024],{},[17,7020,5374],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[17,7023,3767],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1109,7026,7028],{"id":7027},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,7030,7031],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[58,7033,7034],{"className":60,"code":6136,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,7035,7036],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7037,7038,7040,7042,7044,7046,7048,7050,7052],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7039,5544],{"class":134},[67,7041,138],{"class":81},[67,7043,6147],{"class":117},[67,7045,6150],{"class":1167},[67,7047,6153],{"class":117},[67,7049,4074],{"class":1167},[67,7051,1220],{"class":117},[67,7053,144],{"class":81},[14,7055,5663],{},[58,7057,7058],{"className":60,"code":6937,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,7059,7060,7080],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7061,7062,7064,7066,7068,7070,7072,7074,7076,7078],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7063,74],{"class":73},[67,7065,78],{"class":77},[67,7067,82],{"class":81},[67,7069,464],{"class":85},[67,7071,89],{"class":81},[67,7073,3182],{"class":85},[67,7075,89],{"class":81},[67,7077,2639],{"class":85},[67,7079,100],{"class":81},[67,7081,7082,7084,7086,7088,7090,7092,7094,7096,7098,7100,7102,7104],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,7083,135],{"class":134},[67,7085,138],{"class":81},[67,7087,5544],{"class":134},[67,7089,138],{"class":81},[67,7091,3214],{"class":117},[67,7093,4441],{"class":77},[67,7095,3182],{"class":85},[67,7097,4068],{"class":1167},[67,7099,4071],{"class":117},[67,7101,4074],{"class":1167},[67,7103,111],{"class":117},[67,7105,1426],{"class":81},[53,7107,2094],{"id":2093},[25,7109,7110,7116,7120,7124,7129],{},[28,7111,7112],{},[45,7113,7114,3697],{"href":5616},[17,7115,3767],{},[28,7117,7118],{},[45,7119,3998],{"href":5969},[28,7121,7122],{},[45,7123,5406],{"href":5778},[28,7125,7126],{},[45,7127,7128],{"href":6389},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[28,7130,7131],{},[45,7132,7133,3697],{"href":5972},[17,7134,4004],{},[2122,7136,7137],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":7139},[7140,7141,7142,7143,7144,7145,7146,7147,7153,7159],{"id":5566,"depth":103,"text":5567},{"id":5621,"depth":103,"text":5622},{"id":3919,"depth":103,"text":3920},{"id":5978,"depth":103,"text":5979},{"id":6121,"depth":103,"text":6122},{"id":6393,"depth":103,"text":6394},{"id":6504,"depth":103,"text":6505},{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":7148},[7149,7150,7151,7152],{"id":6715,"depth":124,"text":6716},{"id":6768,"depth":124,"text":6769},{"id":6826,"depth":124,"text":6827},{"id":6876,"depth":124,"text":6877},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":7154},[7155,7156,7157,7158],{"id":6993,"depth":124,"text":6994},{"id":7004,"depth":124,"text":7005},{"id":7015,"depth":124,"text":7016},{"id":7027,"depth":124,"text":7028},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5469,"description":7160},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7166,"title":7167,"body":7168,"description":9290,"extension":2153,"meta":9291,"navigation":127,"path":9292,"seo":9293,"stem":9294,"__hash__":9295},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7169,"toc":9253},[7170,7173,7182,7191,7193,7290,7292,7321,7337,7341,7346,7349,7359,7365,7371,7386,7388,7396,7403,7407,7410,7425,7430,7448,7453,7455,7503,7505,7522,7526,7532,7535,7570,7572,7678,7680,7717,7721,7729,7731,7751,7753,7874,7876,7905,7908,7931,7933,7941,7949,7953,7959,7963,8002,8004,8012,8015,8042,8044,8052,8056,8085,8087,8095,8127,8129,8137,8141,8192,8194,8202,8210,8214,8217,8269,8271,8291,8298,8302,8308,8311,8319,8341,8343,8351,8359,8382,8384,8392,8397,8402,8414,8416,8457,8468,8472,8481,8484,8487,8544,8547,8599,8602,8608,8624,8630,8632,8637,8645,8648,8670,8672,8680,8685,8688,8723,8725,8733,8737,8742,8780,8792,8795,8849,8857,8861,8864,8886,8894,8897,8938,8940,8963,8969,8975,8990,8992,9012,9015,9034,9036,9055,9059,9065,9144,9147,9161,9168,9170,9174,9181,9185,9189,9193,9198,9202,9207,9211,9218,9220,9250],[10,7171,7167],{"id":7172},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,7174,379,7175,7177,7178,3068,7180,114],{},[17,7176,4004],{}," function converts a value to either ",[17,7179,3793],{},[17,7181,3863],{},[14,7183,7184,7185,7187,7188,7190],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[17,7186,4004],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[17,7189,1217],{}," statements and other conditions.",[53,7192,3798],{"id":3797},[58,7194,7196],{"className":60,"code":7195,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[17,7197,7198,7212,7226,7240,7258,7268],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7199,7200,7202,7204,7206,7208,7210],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7201,135],{"class":134},[67,7203,138],{"class":81},[67,7205,4059],{"class":362},[67,7207,138],{"class":81},[67,7209,1031],{"class":85},[67,7211,1426],{"class":81},[67,7213,7214,7216,7218,7220,7222,7224],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,7215,135],{"class":134},[67,7217,138],{"class":81},[67,7219,4059],{"class":362},[67,7221,138],{"class":81},[67,7223,464],{"class":85},[67,7225,1426],{"class":81},[67,7227,7228,7230,7232,7234,7236,7238],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,7229,135],{"class":134},[67,7231,138],{"class":81},[67,7233,4059],{"class":362},[67,7235,138],{"class":81},[67,7237,6464],{"class":239},[67,7239,1426],{"class":81},[67,7241,7242,7244,7246,7248,7250,7252,7254,7256],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,7243,135],{"class":134},[67,7245,138],{"class":81},[67,7247,4059],{"class":362},[67,7249,138],{"class":81},[67,7251,240],{"class":239},[67,7253,4036],{"class":243},[67,7255,240],{"class":239},[67,7257,1426],{"class":81},[67,7259,7260,7262,7264,7266],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,7261,135],{"class":134},[67,7263,138],{"class":81},[67,7265,4059],{"class":362},[67,7267,4616],{"class":81},[67,7269,7270,7272,7274,7276,7278,7280,7282,7284,7286,7288],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,7271,135],{"class":134},[67,7273,138],{"class":81},[67,7275,4059],{"class":362},[67,7277,370],{"class":81},[67,7279,464],{"class":85},[67,7281,89],{"class":81},[67,7283,3182],{"class":85},[67,7285,89],{"class":81},[67,7287,2639],{"class":85},[67,7289,3189],{"class":81},[14,7291,5751],{},[58,7293,7295],{"className":60,"code":7294,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[17,7296,7297,7301,7305,7309,7313,7317],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7298,7299],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7300,4231],{"class":4043},[67,7302,7303],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,7304,4170],{"class":4043},[67,7306,7307],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,7308,4231],{"class":4043},[67,7310,7311],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,7312,4170],{"class":4043},[67,7314,7315],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,7316,4231],{"class":4043},[67,7318,7319],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,7320,4170],{"class":4043},[14,7322,185,7323,7326,7327,3068,7329,7331,7332,7334,7335,114],{},[17,7324,7325],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[17,7328,3793],{},[17,7330,3863],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[17,7333,3863],{},". Most other values become ",[17,7336,3793],{},[53,7338,7340],{"id":7339},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,7342,7343,7345],{},[17,7344,4004],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,7347,7348],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[25,7350,7351,7355],{},[28,7352,7353],{},[17,7354,3793],{},[28,7356,7357],{},[17,7358,3863],{},[14,7360,7361,7362,7364],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[17,7363,1217],{}," statements.",[14,7366,7367,7368,7370],{},"You can also call ",[17,7369,4004],{}," with no argument:",[58,7372,7374],{"className":60,"code":7373,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(bool())\n",[17,7375,7376],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7377,7378,7380,7382,7384],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7379,135],{"class":134},[67,7381,138],{"class":81},[67,7383,4059],{"class":362},[67,7385,1239],{"class":81},[14,7387,159],{},[58,7389,7390],{"className":60,"code":4231,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,7391,7392],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7393,7394],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7395,4231],{"class":4043},[14,7397,7398,7399,114],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[45,7400,7402],{"href":7401},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[53,7404,7406],{"id":7405},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,7408,7409],{},"The basic syntax is:",[58,7411,7413],{"className":60,"code":7412,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"bool(value)\n",[17,7414,7415],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7416,7417,7419,7421,7423],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7418,4059],{"class":362},[67,7420,138],{"class":81},[67,7422,2661],{"class":117},[67,7424,144],{"class":81},[14,7426,379,7427,7429],{},[17,7428,2661],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[25,7431,7432,7434,7436,7438,7440,7443,7445],{},[28,7433,154],{},[28,7435,5499],{},[28,7437,5490],{},[28,7439,5493],{},[28,7441,7442],{},"dictionaries",[28,7444,5496],{},[28,7446,7447],{},"other objects",[14,7449,7450,7451,114],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[17,7452,3863],{},[14,7454,222],{},[58,7456,7458],{"className":60,"code":7457,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[17,7459,7460,7474,7493],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7461,7462,7464,7466,7468,7470,7472],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7463,135],{"class":134},[67,7465,138],{"class":81},[67,7467,4059],{"class":362},[67,7469,138],{"class":81},[67,7471,86],{"class":85},[67,7473,1426],{"class":81},[67,7475,7476,7478,7480,7482,7484,7486,7489,7491],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,7477,135],{"class":134},[67,7479,138],{"class":81},[67,7481,4059],{"class":362},[67,7483,138],{"class":81},[67,7485,240],{"class":239},[67,7487,7488],{"class":243},"Python",[67,7490,240],{"class":239},[67,7492,1426],{"class":81},[67,7494,7495,7497,7499,7501],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,7496,135],{"class":134},[67,7498,138],{"class":81},[67,7500,4059],{"class":362},[67,7502,1239],{"class":81},[14,7504,159],{},[58,7506,7508],{"className":60,"code":7507,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[17,7509,7510,7514,7518],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7511,7512],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7513,4170],{"class":4043},[67,7515,7516],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,7517,4170],{"class":4043},[67,7519,7520],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,7521,4231],{"class":4043},[53,7523,7525],{"id":7524},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7527,7528,7529,7531],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[3934,7530,5788],{}," values.",[14,7533,7534],{},"Common examples:",[25,7536,7537,7541,7545,7549,7553,7558,7562,7566],{},[28,7538,7539],{},[17,7540,1031],{},[28,7542,7543],{},[17,7544,3960],{},[28,7546,7547],{},[17,7548,6464],{},[28,7550,7551],{},[17,7552,3978],{},[28,7554,7555],{},[17,7556,7557],{},"()",[28,7559,7560],{},[17,7561,3983],{},[28,7563,7564],{},[17,7565,3988],{},[28,7567,7568],{},[17,7569,1103],{},[14,7571,222],{},[58,7573,7575],{"className":60,"code":7574,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[17,7576,7577,7591,7605,7619,7629,7639,7650,7664],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7578,7579,7581,7583,7585,7587,7589],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7580,135],{"class":134},[67,7582,138],{"class":81},[67,7584,4059],{"class":362},[67,7586,138],{"class":81},[67,7588,1031],{"class":85},[67,7590,1426],{"class":81},[67,7592,7593,7595,7597,7599,7601,7603],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,7594,135],{"class":134},[67,7596,138],{"class":81},[67,7598,4059],{"class":362},[67,7600,138],{"class":81},[67,7602,3960],{"class":85},[67,7604,1426],{"class":81},[67,7606,7607,7609,7611,7613,7615,7617],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,7608,135],{"class":134},[67,7610,138],{"class":81},[67,7612,4059],{"class":362},[67,7614,138],{"class":81},[67,7616,6464],{"class":239},[67,7618,1426],{"class":81},[67,7620,7621,7623,7625,7627],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,7622,135],{"class":134},[67,7624,138],{"class":81},[67,7626,4059],{"class":362},[67,7628,4616],{"class":81},[67,7630,7631,7633,7635,7637],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,7632,135],{"class":134},[67,7634,138],{"class":81},[67,7636,4059],{"class":362},[67,7638,4674],{"class":81},[67,7640,7641,7643,7645,7647],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,7642,135],{"class":134},[67,7644,138],{"class":81},[67,7646,4059],{"class":362},[67,7648,7649],{"class":81},"({}))\n",[67,7651,7652,7654,7656,7658,7660,7662],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,7653,135],{"class":134},[67,7655,138],{"class":81},[67,7657,4059],{"class":362},[67,7659,138],{"class":81},[67,7661,6479],{"class":362},[67,7663,6482],{"class":81},[67,7665,7666,7668,7670,7672,7674,7676],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,7667,135],{"class":134},[67,7669,138],{"class":81},[67,7671,4059],{"class":362},[67,7673,138],{"class":81},[67,7675,1103],{"class":4043},[67,7677,1426],{"class":81},[14,7679,159],{},[58,7681,7683],{"className":60,"code":7682,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[17,7684,7685,7689,7693,7697,7701,7705,7709,7713],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7686,7687],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7688,4231],{"class":4043},[67,7690,7691],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,7692,4231],{"class":4043},[67,7694,7695],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,7696,4231],{"class":4043},[67,7698,7699],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,7700,4231],{"class":4043},[67,7702,7703],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,7704,4231],{"class":4043},[67,7706,7707],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,7708,4231],{"class":4043},[67,7710,7711],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,7712,4231],{"class":4043},[67,7714,7715],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,7716,4231],{"class":4043},[53,7718,7720],{"id":7719},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7722,7723,7724,7726,7727,7531],{},"Many values become ",[17,7725,3793],{},". These are often called ",[3934,7728,5785],{},[14,7730,7534],{},[25,7732,7733,7736,7739,7742,7745,7748],{},[28,7734,7735],{},"non-zero numbers",[28,7737,7738],{},"non-empty strings",[28,7740,7741],{},"non-empty lists",[28,7743,7744],{},"non-empty tuples",[28,7746,7747],{},"non-empty sets",[28,7749,7750],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7752,222],{},[58,7754,7756],{"className":60,"code":7755,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[17,7757,7758,7772,7788,7806,7828,7846],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7759,7760,7762,7764,7766,7768,7770],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7761,135],{"class":134},[67,7763,138],{"class":81},[67,7765,4059],{"class":362},[67,7767,138],{"class":81},[67,7769,1308],{"class":85},[67,7771,1426],{"class":81},[67,7773,7774,7776,7778,7780,7782,7784,7786],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,7775,135],{"class":134},[67,7777,138],{"class":81},[67,7779,4059],{"class":362},[67,7781,138],{"class":81},[67,7783,869],{"class":77},[67,7785,2245],{"class":85},[67,7787,1426],{"class":81},[67,7789,7790,7792,7794,7796,7798,7800,7802,7804],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,7791,135],{"class":134},[67,7793,138],{"class":81},[67,7795,4059],{"class":362},[67,7797,138],{"class":81},[67,7799,240],{"class":239},[67,7801,4036],{"class":243},[67,7803,240],{"class":239},[67,7805,1426],{"class":81},[67,7807,7808,7810,7812,7814,7816,7818,7820,7822,7824,7826],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,7809,135],{"class":134},[67,7811,138],{"class":81},[67,7813,4059],{"class":362},[67,7815,370],{"class":81},[67,7817,464],{"class":85},[67,7819,89],{"class":81},[67,7821,3182],{"class":85},[67,7823,89],{"class":81},[67,7825,2639],{"class":85},[67,7827,3189],{"class":81},[67,7829,7830,7832,7834,7836,7838,7840,7842,7844],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,7831,135],{"class":134},[67,7833,138],{"class":81},[67,7835,4059],{"class":362},[67,7837,5702],{"class":81},[67,7839,464],{"class":85},[67,7841,89],{"class":81},[67,7843,3182],{"class":85},[67,7845,3102],{"class":81},[67,7847,7848,7850,7852,7854,7856,7858,7861,7863,7865,7867,7870,7872],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,7849,135],{"class":134},[67,7851,138],{"class":81},[67,7853,4059],{"class":362},[67,7855,5721],{"class":81},[67,7857,240],{"class":239},[67,7859,7860],{"class":243},"name",[67,7862,240],{"class":239},[67,7864,1161],{"class":81},[67,7866,251],{"class":239},[67,7868,7869],{"class":243},"Sam",[67,7871,240],{"class":239},[67,7873,5730],{"class":81},[14,7875,159],{},[58,7877,7879],{"className":60,"code":7878,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[17,7880,7881,7885,7889,7893,7897,7901],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7882,7883],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7884,4170],{"class":4043},[67,7886,7887],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,7888,4170],{"class":4043},[67,7890,7891],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,7892,4170],{"class":4043},[67,7894,7895],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,7896,4170],{"class":4043},[67,7898,7899],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,7900,4170],{"class":4043},[67,7902,7903],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,7904,4170],{"class":4043},[14,7906,7907],{},"One important example is this:",[58,7909,7911],{"className":60,"code":7910,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[17,7912,7913],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7914,7915,7917,7919,7921,7923,7925,7927,7929],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7916,135],{"class":134},[67,7918,138],{"class":81},[67,7920,4059],{"class":362},[67,7922,138],{"class":81},[67,7924,240],{"class":239},[67,7926,3863],{"class":243},[67,7928,240],{"class":239},[67,7930,1426],{"class":81},[14,7932,159],{},[58,7934,7935],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,7936,7937],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7938,7939],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7940,4170],{"class":4043},[14,7942,7943,7944,7946,7947,114],{},"Even though the text says ",[17,7945,6872],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[17,7948,3793],{},[53,7950,7952],{"id":7951},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,7954,7955,7956,7958],{},"You can use ",[17,7957,4004],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1109,7960,7962],{"id":7961},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[58,7964,7966],{"className":60,"code":7965,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[17,7967,7968,7988],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,7969,7970,7972,7974,7976,7978,7980,7982,7984,7986],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,7971,1131],{"class":73},[67,7973,78],{"class":77},[67,7975,82],{"class":81},[67,7977,86],{"class":85},[67,7979,89],{"class":81},[67,7981,92],{"class":85},[67,7983,89],{"class":81},[67,7985,97],{"class":85},[67,7987,100],{"class":81},[67,7989,7990,7992,7994,7996,7998,8000],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,7991,135],{"class":134},[67,7993,138],{"class":81},[67,7995,4059],{"class":362},[67,7997,138],{"class":81},[67,7999,1141],{"class":117},[67,8001,1426],{"class":81},[14,8003,159],{},[58,8005,8006],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,8007,8008],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8009,8010],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8011,4170],{"class":4043},[14,8013,8014],{},"With an empty list:",[58,8016,8018],{"className":60,"code":8017,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[17,8019,8020,8028],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8021,8022,8024,8026],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8023,1131],{"class":73},[67,8025,78],{"class":77},[67,8027,1136],{"class":81},[67,8029,8030,8032,8034,8036,8038,8040],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,8031,135],{"class":134},[67,8033,138],{"class":81},[67,8035,4059],{"class":362},[67,8037,138],{"class":81},[67,8039,1141],{"class":117},[67,8041,1426],{"class":81},[14,8043,159],{},[58,8045,8046],{"className":60,"code":4231,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,8047,8048],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8049,8050],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8051,4231],{"class":4043},[1109,8053,8055],{"id":8054},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[58,8057,8059],{"className":60,"code":8058,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[17,8060,8061,8071],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8062,8063,8066,8068],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8064,8065],{"class":73},"name ",[67,8067,78],{"class":77},[67,8069,8070],{"class":239}," \"\"\n",[67,8072,8073,8075,8077,8079,8081,8083],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,8074,135],{"class":134},[67,8076,138],{"class":81},[67,8078,4059],{"class":362},[67,8080,138],{"class":81},[67,8082,7860],{"class":117},[67,8084,1426],{"class":81},[14,8086,159],{},[58,8088,8089],{"className":60,"code":4231,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,8090,8091],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8092,8093],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8094,4231],{"class":4043},[58,8096,8098],{"className":60,"code":8097,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[17,8099,8100,8113],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8101,8102,8104,8106,8108,8111],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8103,8065],{"class":73},[67,8105,78],{"class":77},[67,8107,251],{"class":239},[67,8109,8110],{"class":243},"Mia",[67,8112,3547],{"class":239},[67,8114,8115,8117,8119,8121,8123,8125],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,8116,135],{"class":134},[67,8118,138],{"class":81},[67,8120,4059],{"class":362},[67,8122,138],{"class":81},[67,8124,7860],{"class":117},[67,8126,1426],{"class":81},[14,8128,159],{},[58,8130,8131],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,8132,8133],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8134,8135],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8136,4170],{"class":4043},[1109,8138,8140],{"id":8139},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[58,8142,8144],{"className":60,"code":8143,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[17,8145,8146,8160,8177,8181],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8147,8148,8151,8153,8155,8158],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8149,8150],{"class":73},"username ",[67,8152,78],{"class":77},[67,8154,251],{"class":239},[67,8156,8157],{"class":243},"alex",[67,8159,3547],{"class":239},[67,8161,8162,8165,8167,8170,8172,8175],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,8163,8164],{"class":73},"has_name ",[67,8166,78],{"class":77},[67,8168,8169],{"class":362}," bool",[67,8171,138],{"class":81},[67,8173,8174],{"class":117},"username",[67,8176,144],{"class":81},[67,8178,8179],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,8180,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,8182,8183,8185,8187,8190],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,8184,135],{"class":134},[67,8186,138],{"class":81},[67,8188,8189],{"class":117},"has_name",[67,8191,144],{"class":81},[14,8193,159],{},[58,8195,8196],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,8197,8198],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8199,8200],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8201,4170],{"class":4043},[14,8203,8204,8205,3068,8207,8209],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[17,8206,3793],{},[17,8208,3863],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1109,8211,8213],{"id":8212},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,8215,8216],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[58,8218,8220],{"className":60,"code":8219,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[17,8221,8222,8242,8246,8254],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8223,8224,8226,8228,8230,8232,8234,8236,8238,8240],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8225,74],{"class":73},[67,8227,78],{"class":77},[67,8229,82],{"class":81},[67,8231,464],{"class":85},[67,8233,89],{"class":81},[67,8235,3182],{"class":85},[67,8237,89],{"class":81},[67,8239,2639],{"class":85},[67,8241,100],{"class":81},[67,8243,8244],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,8245,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,8247,8248,8250,8252],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,8249,1217],{"class":1167},[67,8251,111],{"class":73},[67,8253,1223],{"class":81},[67,8255,8256,8258,8260,8262,8265,8267],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,8257,1228],{"class":134},[67,8259,138],{"class":81},[67,8261,240],{"class":239},[67,8263,8264],{"class":243},"The list is not empty",[67,8266,240],{"class":239},[67,8268,144],{"class":81},[14,8270,159],{},[58,8272,8274],{"className":60,"code":8273,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"The list is not empty\n",[17,8275,8276],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8277,8278,8280,8282,8285,8288],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8279,379],{"class":73},[67,8281,363],{"class":362},[67,8283,8284],{"class":77}," is",[67,8286,8287],{"class":77}," not",[67,8289,8290],{"class":73}," empty\n",[14,8292,8293,8294,114],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[45,8295,8297],{"href":8296},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[53,8299,8301],{"id":8300},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,8303,8304,8305,8307],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[17,8306,4004],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,8309,8310],{},"It does not do that.",[1109,8312,8314,2584,8317],{"id":8313},"boolfalse-returns-true",[17,8315,8316],{},"bool(\"False\")",[17,8318,3793],{},[58,8320,8321],{"className":60,"code":7910,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,8322,8323],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8324,8325,8327,8329,8331,8333,8335,8337,8339],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8326,135],{"class":134},[67,8328,138],{"class":81},[67,8330,4059],{"class":362},[67,8332,138],{"class":81},[67,8334,240],{"class":239},[67,8336,3863],{"class":243},[67,8338,240],{"class":239},[67,8340,1426],{"class":81},[14,8342,159],{},[58,8344,8345],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,8346,8347],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8348,8349],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8350,4170],{"class":4043},[1109,8352,8354,2584,8357],{"id":8353},"bool0-returns-true",[17,8355,8356],{},"bool(\"0\")",[17,8358,3793],{},[58,8360,8362],{"className":60,"code":8361,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[17,8363,8364],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8365,8366,8368,8370,8372,8374,8376,8378,8380],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8367,135],{"class":134},[67,8369,138],{"class":81},[67,8371,4059],{"class":362},[67,8373,138],{"class":81},[67,8375,240],{"class":239},[67,8377,1031],{"class":243},[67,8379,240],{"class":239},[67,8381,1426],{"class":81},[14,8383,159],{},[58,8385,8386],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,8387,8388],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8389,8390],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8391,4170],{"class":4043},[14,8393,8394,8395,114],{},"This happens because both values are ",[3934,8396,7738],{},[14,8398,8399,8401],{},[17,8400,4004],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,8403,8404,8405,8410,8411,8413],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[45,8406,8408],{"href":8407},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[17,8409,3148],{},", because ",[17,8412,3148],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8415,222],{},[58,8417,8419],{"className":60,"code":8418,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[17,8420,8421,8442],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8422,8423,8426,8428,8431,8433,8435,8438,8440],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8424,8425],{"class":73},"user_value ",[67,8427,78],{"class":77},[67,8429,8430],{"class":134}," input",[67,8432,138],{"class":81},[67,8434,240],{"class":239},[67,8436,8437],{"class":243},"Enter True or False: ",[67,8439,240],{"class":239},[67,8441,144],{"class":81},[67,8443,8444,8446,8448,8450,8452,8455],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,8445,135],{"class":134},[67,8447,138],{"class":81},[67,8449,4059],{"class":362},[67,8451,138],{"class":81},[67,8453,8454],{"class":117},"user_value",[67,8456,1426],{"class":81},[14,8458,8459,8460,8462,8463,8410,8465,8467],{},"If the user types ",[17,8461,3863],{},", the result will still be ",[17,8464,3793],{},[17,8466,6872],{}," is not empty.",[53,8469,8471],{"id":8470},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8473,8474,8475,8477,8478,8480],{},"In many ",[17,8476,1217],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[17,8479,4004],{}," yourself.",[14,8482,8483],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8485,8486],{},"Instead of this:",[58,8488,8490],{"className":60,"code":8489,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[17,8491,8492,8513,8517,8529],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8493,8494,8497,8499,8501,8503,8505,8507,8509,8511],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8495,8496],{"class":73},"my_list ",[67,8498,78],{"class":77},[67,8500,82],{"class":81},[67,8502,464],{"class":85},[67,8504,89],{"class":81},[67,8506,3182],{"class":85},[67,8508,89],{"class":81},[67,8510,2639],{"class":85},[67,8512,100],{"class":81},[67,8514,8515],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,8516,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,8518,8519,8521,8523,8525,8527],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,8520,1217],{"class":1167},[67,8522,8169],{"class":362},[67,8524,138],{"class":81},[67,8526,1953],{"class":117},[67,8528,1407],{"class":81},[67,8530,8531,8533,8535,8537,8540,8542],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,8532,1228],{"class":134},[67,8534,138],{"class":81},[67,8536,240],{"class":239},[67,8538,8539],{"class":243},"List has items",[67,8541,240],{"class":239},[67,8543,144],{"class":81},[14,8545,8546],{},"You can simply write:",[58,8548,8550],{"className":60,"code":8549,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[17,8551,8552,8572,8576,8585],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8553,8554,8556,8558,8560,8562,8564,8566,8568,8570],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8555,8496],{"class":73},[67,8557,78],{"class":77},[67,8559,82],{"class":81},[67,8561,464],{"class":85},[67,8563,89],{"class":81},[67,8565,3182],{"class":85},[67,8567,89],{"class":81},[67,8569,2639],{"class":85},[67,8571,100],{"class":81},[67,8573,8574],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,8575,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,8577,8578,8580,8583],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,8579,1217],{"class":1167},[67,8581,8582],{"class":73}," my_list",[67,8584,1223],{"class":81},[67,8586,8587,8589,8591,8593,8595,8597],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,8588,1228],{"class":134},[67,8590,138],{"class":81},[67,8592,240],{"class":239},[67,8594,8539],{"class":243},[67,8596,240],{"class":239},[67,8598,144],{"class":81},[14,8600,8601],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8603,8604,8605,8607],{},"Using ",[17,8606,4004],{}," is still helpful when:",[25,8609,8610,8613,8621],{},[28,8611,8612],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[28,8614,8615,8616,3068,8618,8620],{},"you want to store a real ",[17,8617,3793],{},[17,8619,3863],{}," value",[28,8622,8623],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8625,8626,8627,114],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[45,8628,8629],{"href":2486},"Python type() function explained",[53,8631,1907],{"id":1906},[14,8633,8634,8635,114],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[17,8636,4004],{},[1109,8638,1930,8640,8642,8643],{"id":8639},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[17,8641,8316],{}," to return ",[17,8644,3863],{},[14,8646,8647],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[58,8649,8650],{"className":60,"code":7910,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,8651,8652],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8653,8654,8656,8658,8660,8662,8664,8666,8668],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8655,135],{"class":134},[67,8657,138],{"class":81},[67,8659,4059],{"class":362},[67,8661,138],{"class":81},[67,8663,240],{"class":239},[67,8665,3863],{"class":243},[67,8667,240],{"class":239},[67,8669,1426],{"class":81},[14,8671,159],{},[58,8673,8674],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,8675,8676],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8677,8678],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8679,4170],{"class":4043},[14,8681,8682,8683,6873],{},"Why? Because ",[17,8684,6872],{},[14,8686,8687],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[58,8689,8691],{"className":60,"code":8690,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[17,8692,8693,8705],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8694,8695,8697,8699,8701,8703],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8696,2634],{"class":73},[67,8698,78],{"class":77},[67,8700,251],{"class":239},[67,8702,3863],{"class":243},[67,8704,3547],{"class":239},[67,8706,8707,8709,8711,8713,8715,8717,8719,8721],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,8708,135],{"class":134},[67,8710,138],{"class":81},[67,8712,2634],{"class":117},[67,8714,4878],{"class":77},[67,8716,251],{"class":239},[67,8718,3793],{"class":243},[67,8720,240],{"class":239},[67,8722,144],{"class":81},[14,8724,159],{},[58,8726,8727],{"className":60,"code":4231,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,8728,8729],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8730,8731],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8732,4231],{"class":4043},[1109,8734,8736],{"id":8735},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8738,8739,8741],{},[17,8740,3148],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[58,8743,8745],{"className":60,"code":8744,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[17,8746,8747,8766],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8748,8749,8751,8753,8755,8757,8759,8762,8764],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8750,2634],{"class":73},[67,8752,78],{"class":77},[67,8754,8430],{"class":134},[67,8756,138],{"class":81},[67,8758,240],{"class":239},[67,8760,8761],{"class":243},"Enter yes or no: ",[67,8763,240],{"class":239},[67,8765,144],{"class":81},[67,8767,8768,8770,8772,8774,8776,8778],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,8769,135],{"class":134},[67,8771,138],{"class":81},[67,8773,4059],{"class":362},[67,8775,138],{"class":81},[67,8777,2661],{"class":117},[67,8779,1426],{"class":81},[14,8781,8459,8782,8785,8786,8788,8789,8467],{},[17,8783,8784],{},"no",", the result is still ",[17,8787,3793],{}," because ",[17,8790,8791],{},"\"no\"",[14,8793,8794],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[58,8796,8798],{"className":60,"code":8797,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[17,8799,8800,8830],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8801,8802,8804,8806,8808,8810,8812,8814,8816,8819,8822,8825,8828],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8803,2634],{"class":73},[67,8805,78],{"class":77},[67,8807,8430],{"class":134},[67,8809,138],{"class":81},[67,8811,240],{"class":239},[67,8813,8761],{"class":243},[67,8815,240],{"class":239},[67,8817,8818],{"class":81},").",[67,8820,8821],{"class":117},"strip",[67,8823,8824],{"class":81},"().",[67,8826,8827],{"class":117},"lower",[67,8829,121],{"class":81},[67,8831,8832,8834,8836,8838,8840,8842,8845,8847],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,8833,135],{"class":134},[67,8835,138],{"class":81},[67,8837,2634],{"class":117},[67,8839,4878],{"class":77},[67,8841,251],{"class":239},[67,8843,8844],{"class":243},"yes",[67,8846,240],{"class":239},[67,8848,144],{"class":81},[14,8850,8851,8852,8854,8855,114],{},"This gives ",[17,8853,3793],{}," only when the user enters ",[17,8856,8844],{},[1109,8858,8860],{"id":8859},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8862,8863],{},"These are different:",[25,8865,8866,8870,8874,8878,8882],{},[28,8867,8868],{},[17,8869,3863],{},[28,8871,8872],{},[17,8873,1031],{},[28,8875,8876],{},[17,8877,6464],{},[28,8879,8880],{},[17,8881,3978],{},[28,8883,8884],{},[17,8885,1103],{},[14,8887,8888,8889,43,8891,8893],{},"They all become ",[17,8890,3863],{},[17,8892,4004],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,8895,8896],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[58,8898,8900],{"className":60,"code":8899,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[17,8901,8902,8910,8924],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8903,8904,8906,8908],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8905,2634],{"class":73},[67,8907,78],{"class":77},[67,8909,1136],{"class":81},[67,8911,8912,8914,8916,8918,8920,8922],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,8913,135],{"class":134},[67,8915,138],{"class":81},[67,8917,2011],{"class":362},[67,8919,138],{"class":81},[67,8921,2661],{"class":117},[67,8923,1426],{"class":81},[67,8925,8926,8928,8930,8932,8934,8936],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,8927,135],{"class":134},[67,8929,138],{"class":81},[67,8931,4059],{"class":362},[67,8933,138],{"class":81},[67,8935,2661],{"class":117},[67,8937,1426],{"class":81},[14,8939,159],{},[58,8941,8943],{"className":60,"code":8942,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[17,8944,8945,8959],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8946,8947,8949,8951,8953,8955,8957],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8948,1397],{"class":77},[67,8950,3482],{"class":2254},[67,8952,342],{"class":239},[67,8954,363],{"class":243},[67,8956,333],{"class":239},[67,8958,3491],{"class":77},[67,8960,8961],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,8962,4231],{"class":4043},[1109,8964,8604,8966,8968],{"id":8965},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[17,8967,3983],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,8970,8971,8972,8974],{},"In Python, ",[17,8973,3983],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[58,8976,8978],{"className":60,"code":8977,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type({}))\n",[17,8979,8980],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8981,8982,8984,8986,8988],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,8983,135],{"class":134},[67,8985,138],{"class":81},[67,8987,2011],{"class":362},[67,8989,7649],{"class":81},[14,8991,159],{},[58,8993,8995],{"className":60,"code":8994,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[17,8996,8997],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,8998,8999,9001,9003,9005,9008,9010],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9000,1397],{"class":77},[67,9002,3482],{"class":2254},[67,9004,342],{"class":239},[67,9006,9007],{"class":243},"dict",[67,9009,333],{"class":239},[67,9011,3491],{"class":77},[14,9013,9014],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[58,9016,9018],{"className":60,"code":9017,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(set()))\n",[17,9019,9020],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,9021,9022,9024,9026,9028,9030,9032],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9023,135],{"class":134},[67,9025,138],{"class":81},[67,9027,2011],{"class":362},[67,9029,138],{"class":81},[67,9031,6479],{"class":362},[67,9033,6482],{"class":81},[14,9035,159],{},[58,9037,9039],{"className":60,"code":9038,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[17,9040,9041],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,9042,9043,9045,9047,9049,9051,9053],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9044,1397],{"class":77},[67,9046,3482],{"class":2254},[67,9048,342],{"class":239},[67,9050,6479],{"class":243},[67,9052,333],{"class":239},[67,9054,3491],{"class":77},[53,9056,9058],{"id":9057},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,9060,9061,9062,9064],{},"If ",[17,9063,4004],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[58,9066,9068],{"className":60,"code":9067,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[17,9069,9070,9084,9098,9108,9126],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,9071,9072,9074,9076,9078,9080,9082],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9073,135],{"class":134},[67,9075,138],{"class":81},[67,9077,4059],{"class":362},[67,9079,138],{"class":81},[67,9081,2661],{"class":117},[67,9083,1426],{"class":81},[67,9085,9086,9088,9090,9092,9094,9096],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,9087,135],{"class":134},[67,9089,138],{"class":81},[67,9091,2011],{"class":362},[67,9093,138],{"class":81},[67,9095,2661],{"class":117},[67,9097,1426],{"class":81},[67,9099,9100,9102,9104,9106],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,9101,135],{"class":134},[67,9103,138],{"class":81},[67,9105,2661],{"class":117},[67,9107,144],{"class":81},[67,9109,9110,9112,9114,9116,9118,9120,9122,9124],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,9111,135],{"class":134},[67,9113,138],{"class":81},[67,9115,2634],{"class":117},[67,9117,4878],{"class":77},[67,9119,251],{"class":239},[67,9121,3793],{"class":243},[67,9123,240],{"class":239},[67,9125,144],{"class":81},[67,9127,9128,9130,9132,9134,9136,9138,9140,9142],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,9129,135],{"class":134},[67,9131,138],{"class":81},[67,9133,2661],{"class":117},[67,9135,114],{"class":81},[67,9137,8821],{"class":117},[67,9139,8824],{"class":81},[67,9141,8827],{"class":117},[67,9143,1239],{"class":81},[14,9145,9146],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[25,9148,9149,9152,9155,9158],{},[28,9150,9151],{},"what the value really is",[28,9153,9154],{},"whether it is a string",[28,9156,9157],{},"whether it contains spaces",[28,9159,9160],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,9162,9163,9164,114],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[45,9165,9167],{"href":9166},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[53,9169,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,9171,9173],{"id":9172},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,9175,9176,9177,3068,9179,114],{},"It returns either ",[17,9178,3793],{},[17,9180,3863],{},[1109,9182,9184],{"id":9183},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,9186,5337,9187,114],{},[17,9188,3863],{},[1109,9190,9192],{"id":9191},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,9194,9195,9196,114],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[17,9197,3793],{},[1109,9199,9201],{"id":9200},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,9203,9204,9205,114],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[17,9206,3863],{},[1109,9208,9210],{"id":9209},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,9212,9213,9214,3068,9216,3928],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[17,9215,3793],{},[17,9217,3863],{},[53,9219,2094],{"id":2093},[25,9221,9222,9227,9231,9236,9240,9245],{},[28,9223,9224],{},[45,9225,9226],{"href":5969},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[28,9228,9229],{},[45,9230,8297],{"href":8296},[28,9232,9233],{},[45,9234,9235],{"href":8407},"Python input() function explained",[28,9237,9238],{},[45,9239,8629],{"href":2486},[28,9241,9242],{},[45,9243,9244],{"href":9166},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[28,9246,9247],{},[45,9248,9249],{"href":7401},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2122,9251,9252],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":9254},[9255,9256,9257,9258,9259,9260,9266,9272,9273,9281,9282,9289],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":7339,"depth":103,"text":7340},{"id":7405,"depth":103,"text":7406},{"id":7524,"depth":103,"text":7525},{"id":7719,"depth":103,"text":7720},{"id":7951,"depth":103,"text":7952,"children":9261},[9262,9263,9264,9265],{"id":7961,"depth":124,"text":7962},{"id":8054,"depth":124,"text":8055},{"id":8139,"depth":124,"text":8140},{"id":8212,"depth":124,"text":8213},{"id":8300,"depth":103,"text":8301,"children":9267},[9268,9270],{"id":8313,"depth":124,"text":9269},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8353,"depth":124,"text":9271},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8470,"depth":103,"text":8471},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":9274},[9275,9277,9278,9279],{"id":8639,"depth":124,"text":9276},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8735,"depth":124,"text":8736},{"id":8859,"depth":124,"text":8860},{"id":8965,"depth":124,"text":9280},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9057,"depth":103,"text":9058},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":9283},[9284,9285,9286,9287,9288],{"id":9172,"depth":124,"text":9173},{"id":9183,"depth":124,"text":9184},{"id":9191,"depth":124,"text":9192},{"id":9200,"depth":124,"text":9201},{"id":9209,"depth":124,"text":9210},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7167,"description":9290},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9297,"title":9298,"body":9299,"description":11491,"extension":2153,"meta":11492,"navigation":127,"path":11493,"seo":11494,"stem":11495,"__hash__":11496},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9300,"toc":11453},[9301,9307,9313,9320,9325,9336,9343,9452,9456,9525,9530,9535,9540,9543,9554,9559,9562,9573,9580,9582,9587,9591,9616,9620,9629,9633,9696,9700,9733,9737,9782,9786,9823,9827,9830,9886,9890,9935,9938,9943,9982,9986,10009,10012,10026,10039,10043,10048,10115,10119,10155,10158,10166,10169,10233,10237,10269,10275,10277,10337,10344,10347,10425,10429,10462,10466,10469,10513,10517,10553,10556,10573,10576,10579,10632,10635,10646,10653,10662,10665,10723,10727,10768,10776,10784,10789,10797,10809,10814,10825,10898,10901,10913,10928,10932,10937,10941,10943,10986,10992,10995,11058,11062,11065,11074,11079,11116,11120,11123,11131,11134,11173,11177,11180,11231,11235,11256,11263,11265,11271,11298,11301,11355,11358,11369,11371,11378,11386,11392,11397,11404,11407,11414,11421,11423,11450],[10,9302,3764,9304,3768],{"id":9303},"python-dict-function-explained",[17,9305,9306],{},"dict()",[14,9308,9309,9310,9312],{},"The built-in ",[17,9311,9306],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,9314,9315,9316,9319],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[3934,9317,9318],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9321,9322,9324],{},[17,9323,9306],{}," is commonly used to:",[25,9326,9327,9330,9333],{},[28,9328,9329],{},"create an empty dictionary",[28,9331,9332],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[28,9334,9335],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9337,9338,9339,114],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[45,9340,9342],{"href":9341},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[58,9344,9346],{"className":60,"code":9345,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[17,9347,9348,9383,9394,9398,9437],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,9349,9350,9353,9355,9358,9360,9363,9365,9367,9369,9371,9373,9376,9378,9381],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9351,9352],{"class":73},"data ",[67,9354,78],{"class":77},[67,9356,9357],{"class":362}," dict",[67,9359,138],{"class":81},[67,9361,7860],{"class":9362},"s99_P",[67,9364,78],{"class":77},[67,9366,333],{"class":239},[67,9368,5193],{"class":243},[67,9370,333],{"class":239},[67,9372,89],{"class":81},[67,9374,9375],{"class":9362}," age",[67,9377,78],{"class":77},[67,9379,9380],{"class":85},"25",[67,9382,144],{"class":81},[67,9384,9385,9387,9389,9392],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,9386,135],{"class":134},[67,9388,138],{"class":81},[67,9390,9391],{"class":117},"data",[67,9393,144],{"class":81},[67,9395,9396],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,9397,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,9399,9400,9403,9405,9408,9410,9412,9414,9416,9418,9421,9424,9426,9428,9430,9432,9434],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,9401,9402],{"class":73},"pairs ",[67,9404,78],{"class":77},[67,9406,9407],{"class":81}," [(",[67,9409,333],{"class":239},[67,9411,45],{"class":243},[67,9413,333],{"class":239},[67,9415,89],{"class":81},[67,9417,5689],{"class":85},[67,9419,9420],{"class":81},"),",[67,9422,9423],{"class":81}," (",[67,9425,333],{"class":239},[67,9427,428],{"class":243},[67,9429,333],{"class":239},[67,9431,89],{"class":81},[67,9433,3182],{"class":85},[67,9435,9436],{"class":81},")]\n",[67,9438,9439,9441,9443,9445,9447,9450],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,9440,135],{"class":134},[67,9442,138],{"class":81},[67,9444,9007],{"class":362},[67,9446,138],{"class":81},[67,9448,9449],{"class":117},"pairs",[67,9451,1426],{"class":81},[14,9453,9454],{},[3934,9455,159],{},[58,9457,9459],{"className":60,"code":9458,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[17,9460,9461,9497],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,9462,9463,9466,9468,9470,9472,9474,9476,9478,9480,9482,9484,9487,9489,9491,9494],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9464,9465],{"class":81},"{",[67,9467,333],{"class":239},[67,9469,7860],{"class":243},[67,9471,333],{"class":239},[67,9473,1161],{"class":81},[67,9475,342],{"class":239},[67,9477,5193],{"class":243},[67,9479,333],{"class":239},[67,9481,89],{"class":81},[67,9483,342],{"class":239},[67,9485,9486],{"class":243},"age",[67,9488,333],{"class":239},[67,9490,1161],{"class":81},[67,9492,9493],{"class":85}," 25",[67,9495,9496],{"class":81},"}\n",[67,9498,9499,9501,9503,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513,9515,9517,9519,9521,9523],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,9500,9465],{"class":81},[67,9502,333],{"class":239},[67,9504,45],{"class":243},[67,9506,333],{"class":239},[67,9508,1161],{"class":81},[67,9510,5689],{"class":85},[67,9512,89],{"class":81},[67,9514,342],{"class":239},[67,9516,428],{"class":243},[67,9518,333],{"class":239},[67,9520,1161],{"class":81},[67,9522,3182],{"class":85},[67,9524,9496],{"class":81},[14,9526,185,9527,9529],{},[17,9528,9306],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[53,9531,3867,9533,3870],{"id":9532},"what-dict-does",[17,9534,9306],{},[14,9536,9537,9539],{},[17,9538,9306],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9541,9542],{},"A dictionary:",[25,9544,9545,9548,9551],{},[28,9546,9547],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[28,9549,9550],{},"lets you look up values by key",[28,9552,9553],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9555,9556,9558],{},[17,9557,9306],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9560,9561],{},"Common uses include:",[25,9563,9564,9567,9570],{},[28,9565,9566],{},"making an empty dictionary",[28,9568,9569],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[28,9571,9572],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9574,9575,9576,114],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[45,9577,9579],{"href":9578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[53,9581,352],{"id":351},[14,9583,9584,9586],{},[17,9585,9306],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1109,9588,9590],{"id":9589},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[58,9592,9594],{"className":60,"code":9593,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[17,9595,9596,9606],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,9597,9598,9600,9602,9604],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9599,9352],{"class":73},[67,9601,78],{"class":77},[67,9603,9357],{"class":362},[67,9605,121],{"class":81},[67,9607,9608,9610,9612,9614],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,9609,135],{"class":134},[67,9611,138],{"class":81},[67,9613,9391],{"class":117},[67,9615,144],{"class":81},[14,9617,9618],{},[3934,9619,159],{},[58,9621,9623],{"className":60,"code":9622,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{}\n",[17,9624,9625],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,9626,9627],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9628,9622],{"class":81},[1109,9630,9632],{"id":9631},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[58,9634,9636],{"className":60,"code":9635,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[17,9637,9638,9672,9686],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,9639,9640,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9641,9402],{"class":73},[67,9643,78],{"class":77},[67,9645,9407],{"class":81},[67,9647,333],{"class":239},[67,9649,45],{"class":243},[67,9651,333],{"class":239},[67,9653,89],{"class":81},[67,9655,5689],{"class":85},[67,9657,9420],{"class":81},[67,9659,9423],{"class":81},[67,9661,333],{"class":239},[67,9663,428],{"class":243},[67,9665,333],{"class":239},[67,9667,89],{"class":81},[67,9669,3182],{"class":85},[67,9671,9436],{"class":81},[67,9673,9674,9676,9678,9680,9682,9684],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,9675,9352],{"class":73},[67,9677,78],{"class":77},[67,9679,9357],{"class":362},[67,9681,138],{"class":81},[67,9683,9449],{"class":117},[67,9685,144],{"class":81},[67,9687,9688,9690,9692,9694],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,9689,135],{"class":134},[67,9691,138],{"class":81},[67,9693,9391],{"class":117},[67,9695,144],{"class":81},[14,9697,9698],{},[3934,9699,159],{},[58,9701,9703],{"className":60,"code":9702,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[17,9704,9705],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,9706,9707,9709,9711,9713,9715,9717,9719,9721,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9708,9465],{"class":81},[67,9710,333],{"class":239},[67,9712,45],{"class":243},[67,9714,333],{"class":239},[67,9716,1161],{"class":81},[67,9718,5689],{"class":85},[67,9720,89],{"class":81},[67,9722,342],{"class":239},[67,9724,428],{"class":243},[67,9726,333],{"class":239},[67,9728,1161],{"class":81},[67,9730,3182],{"class":85},[67,9732,9496],{"class":81},[1109,9734,9736],{"id":9735},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[58,9738,9740],{"className":60,"code":9739,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[17,9741,9742,9772],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,9743,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756,9758,9760,9762,9764,9766,9768,9770],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9745,9352],{"class":73},[67,9747,78],{"class":77},[67,9749,9357],{"class":362},[67,9751,138],{"class":81},[67,9753,7860],{"class":9362},[67,9755,78],{"class":77},[67,9757,333],{"class":239},[67,9759,5193],{"class":243},[67,9761,333],{"class":239},[67,9763,89],{"class":81},[67,9765,9375],{"class":9362},[67,9767,78],{"class":77},[67,9769,9380],{"class":85},[67,9771,144],{"class":81},[67,9773,9774,9776,9778,9780],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,9775,135],{"class":134},[67,9777,138],{"class":81},[67,9779,9391],{"class":117},[67,9781,144],{"class":81},[14,9783,9784],{},[3934,9785,159],{},[58,9787,9789],{"className":60,"code":9788,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[17,9790,9791],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,9792,9793,9795,9797,9799,9801,9803,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9794,9465],{"class":81},[67,9796,333],{"class":239},[67,9798,7860],{"class":243},[67,9800,333],{"class":239},[67,9802,1161],{"class":81},[67,9804,342],{"class":239},[67,9806,5193],{"class":243},[67,9808,333],{"class":239},[67,9810,89],{"class":81},[67,9812,342],{"class":239},[67,9814,9486],{"class":243},[67,9816,333],{"class":239},[67,9818,1161],{"class":81},[67,9820,9493],{"class":85},[67,9822,9496],{"class":81},[1109,9824,9826],{"id":9825},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9828,9829],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[58,9831,9833],{"className":60,"code":9832,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[17,9834,9835,9876],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,9836,9837,9839,9841,9843,9846,9848,9850,9852,9854,9856,9859,9861,9863,9865,9867,9870,9872,9874],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9838,9352],{"class":73},[67,9840,78],{"class":77},[67,9842,9357],{"class":362},[67,9844,9845],{"class":81},"([(",[67,9847,333],{"class":239},[67,9849,45],{"class":243},[67,9851,333],{"class":239},[67,9853,89],{"class":81},[67,9855,5689],{"class":85},[67,9857,9858],{"class":81},")],",[67,9860,2749],{"class":9362},[67,9862,78],{"class":77},[67,9864,2245],{"class":85},[67,9866,89],{"class":81},[67,9868,9869],{"class":9362}," c",[67,9871,78],{"class":77},[67,9873,2251],{"class":85},[67,9875,144],{"class":81},[67,9877,9878,9880,9882,9884],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,9879,135],{"class":134},[67,9881,138],{"class":81},[67,9883,9391],{"class":117},[67,9885,144],{"class":81},[14,9887,9888],{},[3934,9889,159],{},[58,9891,9893],{"className":60,"code":9892,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[17,9894,9895],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,9896,9897,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9898,9465],{"class":81},[67,9900,333],{"class":239},[67,9902,45],{"class":243},[67,9904,333],{"class":239},[67,9906,1161],{"class":81},[67,9908,5689],{"class":85},[67,9910,89],{"class":81},[67,9912,342],{"class":239},[67,9914,428],{"class":243},[67,9916,333],{"class":239},[67,9918,1161],{"class":81},[67,9920,3182],{"class":85},[67,9922,89],{"class":81},[67,9924,342],{"class":239},[67,9926,437],{"class":243},[67,9928,333],{"class":239},[67,9930,1161],{"class":81},[67,9932,2639],{"class":85},[67,9934,9496],{"class":81},[53,9936,9590],{"id":9937},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9939,185,9940,9942],{},[17,9941,9306],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[58,9944,9946],{"className":60,"code":9945,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[17,9947,9948,9958,9972],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,9949,9950,9952,9954,9956],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9951,9352],{"class":73},[67,9953,78],{"class":77},[67,9955,9357],{"class":362},[67,9957,121],{"class":81},[67,9959,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,9961,135],{"class":134},[67,9963,138],{"class":81},[67,9965,2011],{"class":362},[67,9967,138],{"class":81},[67,9969,9391],{"class":117},[67,9971,1426],{"class":81},[67,9973,9974,9976,9978,9980],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,9975,135],{"class":134},[67,9977,138],{"class":81},[67,9979,9391],{"class":117},[67,9981,144],{"class":81},[14,9983,9984],{},[3934,9985,159],{},[58,9987,9989],{"className":60,"code":9988,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[17,9990,9991,10005],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,9992,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,9994,1397],{"class":77},[67,9996,3482],{"class":2254},[67,9998,342],{"class":239},[67,10000,9007],{"class":243},[67,10002,333],{"class":239},[67,10004,3491],{"class":77},[67,10006,10007],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,10008,9622],{"class":81},[14,10010,10011],{},"This gives the same result as:",[58,10013,10015],{"className":60,"code":10014,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {}\n",[17,10016,10017],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10018,10019,10021,10023],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10020,9352],{"class":73},[67,10022,78],{"class":77},[67,10024,10025],{"class":81}," {}\n",[14,10027,10028,10029,10031,10032,10035,10036,10038],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[17,10030,3983],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10033,10034],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[17,10037,9306],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[53,10040,10042],{"id":10041},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,10044,10045,10046,114],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[17,10047,9306],{},[58,10049,10051],{"className":60,"code":10050,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[17,10052,10053,10091,10105],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10054,10055,10057,10059,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081,10083,10085,10087,10089],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10056,9402],{"class":73},[67,10058,78],{"class":77},[67,10060,9407],{"class":81},[67,10062,333],{"class":239},[67,10064,7860],{"class":243},[67,10066,333],{"class":239},[67,10068,89],{"class":81},[67,10070,342],{"class":239},[67,10072,5193],{"class":243},[67,10074,333],{"class":239},[67,10076,9420],{"class":81},[67,10078,9423],{"class":81},[67,10080,333],{"class":239},[67,10082,9486],{"class":243},[67,10084,333],{"class":239},[67,10086,89],{"class":81},[67,10088,9493],{"class":85},[67,10090,9436],{"class":81},[67,10092,10093,10095,10097,10099,10101,10103],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,10094,9352],{"class":73},[67,10096,78],{"class":77},[67,10098,9357],{"class":362},[67,10100,138],{"class":81},[67,10102,9449],{"class":117},[67,10104,144],{"class":81},[67,10106,10107,10109,10111,10113],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,10108,135],{"class":134},[67,10110,138],{"class":81},[67,10112,9391],{"class":117},[67,10114,144],{"class":81},[14,10116,10117],{},[3934,10118,159],{},[58,10120,10121],{"className":60,"code":9788,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,10122,10123],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10124,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135,10137,10139,10141,10143,10145,10147,10149,10151,10153],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10126,9465],{"class":81},[67,10128,333],{"class":239},[67,10130,7860],{"class":243},[67,10132,333],{"class":239},[67,10134,1161],{"class":81},[67,10136,342],{"class":239},[67,10138,5193],{"class":243},[67,10140,333],{"class":239},[67,10142,89],{"class":81},[67,10144,342],{"class":239},[67,10146,9486],{"class":243},[67,10148,333],{"class":239},[67,10150,1161],{"class":81},[67,10152,9493],{"class":85},[67,10154,9496],{"class":81},[14,10156,10157],{},"Each pair becomes:",[25,10159,10160,10163],{},[28,10161,10162],{},"the first item as the key",[28,10164,10165],{},"the second item as the value",[14,10167,10168],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[58,10170,10172],{"className":60,"code":10171,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[17,10173,10174,10209,10223],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10175,10176,10178,10180,10183,10185,10187,10189,10191,10193,10195,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10177,9402],{"class":73},[67,10179,78],{"class":77},[67,10181,10182],{"class":81}," ((",[67,10184,333],{"class":239},[67,10186,45],{"class":243},[67,10188,333],{"class":239},[67,10190,89],{"class":81},[67,10192,5689],{"class":85},[67,10194,9420],{"class":81},[67,10196,9423],{"class":81},[67,10198,333],{"class":239},[67,10200,428],{"class":243},[67,10202,333],{"class":239},[67,10204,89],{"class":81},[67,10206,3182],{"class":85},[67,10208,1426],{"class":81},[67,10210,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,10212,9352],{"class":73},[67,10214,78],{"class":77},[67,10216,9357],{"class":362},[67,10218,138],{"class":81},[67,10220,9449],{"class":117},[67,10222,144],{"class":81},[67,10224,10225,10227,10229,10231],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,10226,135],{"class":134},[67,10228,138],{"class":81},[67,10230,9391],{"class":117},[67,10232,144],{"class":81},[14,10234,10235],{},[3934,10236,159],{},[58,10238,10239],{"className":60,"code":9702,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,10240,10241],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10242,10243,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253,10255,10257,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10244,9465],{"class":81},[67,10246,333],{"class":239},[67,10248,45],{"class":243},[67,10250,333],{"class":239},[67,10252,1161],{"class":81},[67,10254,5689],{"class":85},[67,10256,89],{"class":81},[67,10258,342],{"class":239},[67,10260,428],{"class":243},[67,10262,333],{"class":239},[67,10264,1161],{"class":81},[67,10266,3182],{"class":85},[67,10268,9496],{"class":81},[14,10270,10271,10272,114],{},"Each item must contain ",[3934,10273,10274],{},"exactly two elements",[14,10276,3026],{},[58,10278,10280],{"className":60,"code":10279,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[17,10281,10282,10322],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10283,10284,10287,10289,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10306,10308,10310,10312,10314,10316,10318,10320],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10285,10286],{"class":73},"bad_data ",[67,10288,78],{"class":77},[67,10290,9407],{"class":81},[67,10292,333],{"class":239},[67,10294,45],{"class":243},[67,10296,333],{"class":239},[67,10298,89],{"class":81},[67,10300,5689],{"class":85},[67,10302,89],{"class":81},[67,10304,10305],{"class":85}," 100",[67,10307,9420],{"class":81},[67,10309,9423],{"class":81},[67,10311,333],{"class":239},[67,10313,428],{"class":243},[67,10315,333],{"class":239},[67,10317,89],{"class":81},[67,10319,3182],{"class":85},[67,10321,9436],{"class":81},[67,10323,10324,10326,10328,10330,10332,10335],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,10325,2416],{"class":73},[67,10327,78],{"class":77},[67,10329,9357],{"class":362},[67,10331,138],{"class":81},[67,10333,10334],{"class":117},"bad_data",[67,10336,144],{"class":81},[14,10338,10339,10340,10343],{},"Python raises an error because ",[17,10341,10342],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10345,10346],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[58,10348,10350],{"className":60,"code":10349,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[17,10351,10352,10401,10415],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10353,10354,10356,10358,10360,10362,10364,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10385,10387,10389,10391,10393,10395,10397,10399],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10355,9402],{"class":73},[67,10357,78],{"class":77},[67,10359,9407],{"class":81},[67,10361,333],{"class":239},[67,10363,45],{"class":243},[67,10365,333],{"class":239},[67,10367,89],{"class":81},[67,10369,5689],{"class":85},[67,10371,9420],{"class":81},[67,10373,9423],{"class":81},[67,10375,333],{"class":239},[67,10377,45],{"class":243},[67,10379,333],{"class":239},[67,10381,89],{"class":81},[67,10383,10384],{"class":85}," 99",[67,10386,9420],{"class":81},[67,10388,9423],{"class":81},[67,10390,333],{"class":239},[67,10392,428],{"class":243},[67,10394,333],{"class":239},[67,10396,89],{"class":81},[67,10398,3182],{"class":85},[67,10400,9436],{"class":81},[67,10402,10403,10405,10407,10409,10411,10413],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,10404,9352],{"class":73},[67,10406,78],{"class":77},[67,10408,9357],{"class":362},[67,10410,138],{"class":81},[67,10412,9449],{"class":117},[67,10414,144],{"class":81},[67,10416,10417,10419,10421,10423],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,10418,135],{"class":134},[67,10420,138],{"class":81},[67,10422,9391],{"class":117},[67,10424,144],{"class":81},[14,10426,10427],{},[3934,10428,159],{},[58,10430,10432],{"className":60,"code":10431,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[17,10433,10434],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10435,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448,10450,10452,10454,10456,10458,10460],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10437,9465],{"class":81},[67,10439,333],{"class":239},[67,10441,45],{"class":243},[67,10443,333],{"class":239},[67,10445,1161],{"class":81},[67,10447,10384],{"class":85},[67,10449,89],{"class":81},[67,10451,342],{"class":239},[67,10453,428],{"class":243},[67,10455,333],{"class":239},[67,10457,1161],{"class":81},[67,10459,3182],{"class":85},[67,10461,9496],{"class":81},[53,10463,10465],{"id":10464},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10467,10468],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[58,10470,10471],{"className":60,"code":9739,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,10472,10473,10503],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10474,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495,10497,10499,10501],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10476,9352],{"class":73},[67,10478,78],{"class":77},[67,10480,9357],{"class":362},[67,10482,138],{"class":81},[67,10484,7860],{"class":9362},[67,10486,78],{"class":77},[67,10488,333],{"class":239},[67,10490,5193],{"class":243},[67,10492,333],{"class":239},[67,10494,89],{"class":81},[67,10496,9375],{"class":9362},[67,10498,78],{"class":77},[67,10500,9380],{"class":85},[67,10502,144],{"class":81},[67,10504,10505,10507,10509,10511],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,10506,135],{"class":134},[67,10508,138],{"class":81},[67,10510,9391],{"class":117},[67,10512,144],{"class":81},[14,10514,10515],{},[3934,10516,159],{},[58,10518,10519],{"className":60,"code":9788,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,10520,10521],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10522,10523,10525,10527,10529,10531,10533,10535,10537,10539,10541,10543,10545,10547,10549,10551],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10524,9465],{"class":81},[67,10526,333],{"class":239},[67,10528,7860],{"class":243},[67,10530,333],{"class":239},[67,10532,1161],{"class":81},[67,10534,342],{"class":239},[67,10536,5193],{"class":243},[67,10538,333],{"class":239},[67,10540,89],{"class":81},[67,10542,342],{"class":239},[67,10544,9486],{"class":243},[67,10546,333],{"class":239},[67,10548,1161],{"class":81},[67,10550,9493],{"class":85},[67,10552,9496],{"class":81},[14,10554,10555],{},"In this form:",[25,10557,10558,10566],{},[28,10559,10560,10562,10563],{},[17,10561,7860],{}," becomes the string key ",[17,10564,10565],{},"'name'",[28,10567,10568,10562,10570],{},[17,10569,9486],{},[17,10571,10572],{},"'age'",[14,10574,10575],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10577,10578],{},"Valid examples:",[58,10580,10582],{"className":60,"code":10581,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[17,10583,10584,10622],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10585,10586,10588,10590,10592,10594,10597,10599,10601,10604,10606,10608,10611,10613,10615,10618,10620],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10587,9352],{"class":73},[67,10589,78],{"class":77},[67,10591,9357],{"class":362},[67,10593,138],{"class":81},[67,10595,10596],{"class":9362},"city",[67,10598,78],{"class":77},[67,10600,333],{"class":239},[67,10602,10603],{"class":243},"Paris",[67,10605,333],{"class":239},[67,10607,89],{"class":81},[67,10609,10610],{"class":9362}," country",[67,10612,78],{"class":77},[67,10614,333],{"class":239},[67,10616,10617],{"class":243},"France",[67,10619,333],{"class":239},[67,10621,144],{"class":81},[67,10623,10624,10626,10628,10630],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,10625,135],{"class":134},[67,10627,138],{"class":81},[67,10629,9391],{"class":117},[67,10631,144],{"class":81},[14,10633,10634],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[25,10636,10637,10640,10643],{},[28,10638,10639],{},"spaces",[28,10641,10642],{},"hyphens",[28,10644,10645],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10647,10648,10649,10652],{},"For example, this is ",[3934,10650,10651],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[58,10654,10656],{"className":60,"code":10655,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[17,10657,10658],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10659,10660],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10661,10655],{"class":3852},[14,10663,10664],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[58,10666,10668],{"className":60,"code":10667,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[17,10669,10670,10713],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10671,10672,10674,10676,10679,10681,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694,10696,10698,10701,10703,10705,10707,10709,10711],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10673,9352],{"class":73},[67,10675,78],{"class":77},[67,10677,10678],{"class":81}," {",[67,10680,333],{"class":239},[67,10682,10683],{"class":243},"first-name",[67,10685,333],{"class":239},[67,10687,1161],{"class":81},[67,10689,342],{"class":239},[67,10691,7869],{"class":243},[67,10693,333],{"class":239},[67,10695,89],{"class":81},[67,10697,342],{"class":239},[67,10699,10700],{"class":243},"first name",[67,10702,333],{"class":239},[67,10704,1161],{"class":81},[67,10706,342],{"class":239},[67,10708,7869],{"class":243},[67,10710,333],{"class":239},[67,10712,9496],{"class":81},[67,10714,10715,10717,10719,10721],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,10716,135],{"class":134},[67,10718,138],{"class":81},[67,10720,9391],{"class":117},[67,10722,144],{"class":81},[14,10724,10725],{},[3934,10726,159],{},[58,10728,10730],{"className":60,"code":10729,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[17,10731,10732],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10733,10734,10736,10738,10740,10742,10744,10746,10748,10750,10752,10754,10756,10758,10760,10762,10764,10766],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10735,9465],{"class":81},[67,10737,333],{"class":239},[67,10739,10683],{"class":243},[67,10741,333],{"class":239},[67,10743,1161],{"class":81},[67,10745,342],{"class":239},[67,10747,7869],{"class":243},[67,10749,333],{"class":239},[67,10751,89],{"class":81},[67,10753,342],{"class":239},[67,10755,10700],{"class":243},[67,10757,333],{"class":239},[67,10759,1161],{"class":81},[67,10761,342],{"class":239},[67,10763,7869],{"class":243},[67,10765,333],{"class":239},[67,10767,9496],{"class":81},[53,10769,10771,10773,10774],{"id":10770},"dict-vs",[17,10772,9306],{}," vs ",[17,10775,3983],{},[14,10777,10778,10779,961,10781,10783],{},"Both ",[17,10780,9306],{},[17,10782,3983],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1109,10785,185,10787,1671],{"id":10786},"use-when",[17,10788,3983],{},[25,10790,10791,10794],{},[28,10792,10793],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[28,10795,10796],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[58,10798,10799],{"className":60,"code":10014,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,10800,10801],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10802,10803,10805,10807],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10804,9352],{"class":73},[67,10806,78],{"class":77},[67,10808,10025],{"class":81},[1109,10810,185,10812,1671],{"id":10811},"use-dict-when",[17,10813,9306],{},[25,10815,10816,10819,10822],{},[28,10817,10818],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[28,10820,10821],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[28,10823,10824],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[58,10826,10828],{"className":60,"code":10827,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[17,10829,10830,10867],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10831,10832,10834,10836,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846,10848,10850,10852,10854,10856,10858,10860,10862,10864],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10833,9352],{"class":73},[67,10835,78],{"class":77},[67,10837,9357],{"class":362},[67,10839,9845],{"class":81},[67,10841,333],{"class":239},[67,10843,45],{"class":243},[67,10845,333],{"class":239},[67,10847,89],{"class":81},[67,10849,5689],{"class":85},[67,10851,9420],{"class":81},[67,10853,9423],{"class":81},[67,10855,333],{"class":239},[67,10857,428],{"class":243},[67,10859,333],{"class":239},[67,10861,89],{"class":81},[67,10863,3182],{"class":85},[67,10865,10866],{"class":81},")])\n",[67,10868,10869,10872,10874,10876,10878,10880,10882,10884,10886,10888,10890,10892,10894,10896],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,10870,10871],{"class":73},"info ",[67,10873,78],{"class":77},[67,10875,9357],{"class":362},[67,10877,138],{"class":81},[67,10879,7860],{"class":9362},[67,10881,78],{"class":77},[67,10883,333],{"class":239},[67,10885,5193],{"class":243},[67,10887,333],{"class":239},[67,10889,89],{"class":81},[67,10891,9375],{"class":9362},[67,10893,78],{"class":77},[67,10895,9380],{"class":85},[67,10897,144],{"class":81},[14,10899,10900],{},"So:",[25,10902,10903,10908],{},[28,10904,10905,10907],{},[17,10906,3983],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[28,10909,10910,10912],{},[17,10911,9306],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10914,10915,10916,10920,10921,114],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[45,10917,10919],{"href":10918},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[45,10922,10924,10925,946],{"href":10923},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[17,10926,10927],{},"get()",[53,10929,10931],{"id":10930},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10933,10934,10935,114],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[17,10936,9306],{},[1109,10938,10940],{"id":10939},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10942,4714],{},[58,10944,10946],{"className":60,"code":10945,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[17,10947,10948,10972],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,10949,10950,10952,10954,10956,10958,10960,10962,10964,10966,10968,10970],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,10951,1131],{"class":73},[67,10953,78],{"class":77},[67,10955,82],{"class":81},[67,10957,333],{"class":239},[67,10959,45],{"class":243},[67,10961,333],{"class":239},[67,10963,89],{"class":81},[67,10965,342],{"class":239},[67,10967,428],{"class":243},[67,10969,333],{"class":239},[67,10971,100],{"class":81},[67,10973,10974,10976,10978,10980,10982,10984],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,10975,9352],{"class":73},[67,10977,78],{"class":77},[67,10979,9357],{"class":362},[67,10981,138],{"class":81},[67,10983,1141],{"class":117},[67,10985,144],{"class":81},[14,10987,10988,10989,114],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[17,10990,10991],{},"('a', 1)",[14,10993,10994],{},"Correct version:",[58,10996,10998],{"className":60,"code":10997,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[17,10999,11000,11034,11048],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,11001,11002,11004,11006,11008,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018,11020,11022,11024,11026,11028,11030,11032],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,11003,1131],{"class":73},[67,11005,78],{"class":77},[67,11007,9407],{"class":81},[67,11009,333],{"class":239},[67,11011,45],{"class":243},[67,11013,333],{"class":239},[67,11015,89],{"class":81},[67,11017,5689],{"class":85},[67,11019,9420],{"class":81},[67,11021,9423],{"class":81},[67,11023,333],{"class":239},[67,11025,428],{"class":243},[67,11027,333],{"class":239},[67,11029,89],{"class":81},[67,11031,3182],{"class":85},[67,11033,9436],{"class":81},[67,11035,11036,11038,11040,11042,11044,11046],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,11037,9352],{"class":73},[67,11039,78],{"class":77},[67,11041,9357],{"class":362},[67,11043,138],{"class":81},[67,11045,1141],{"class":117},[67,11047,144],{"class":81},[67,11049,11050,11052,11054,11056],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,11051,135],{"class":134},[67,11053,138],{"class":81},[67,11055,9391],{"class":117},[67,11057,144],{"class":81},[1109,11059,11061],{"id":11060},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,11063,11064],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[58,11066,11068],{"className":60,"code":11067,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[17,11069,11070],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,11071,11072],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,11073,11067],{"class":3852},[14,11075,11076,11077,1161],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[17,11078,78],{},[58,11080,11082],{"className":60,"code":11081,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[17,11083,11084,11106],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,11085,11086,11088,11090,11092,11094,11096,11098,11100,11102,11104],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,11087,9352],{"class":73},[67,11089,78],{"class":77},[67,11091,9357],{"class":362},[67,11093,138],{"class":81},[67,11095,7860],{"class":9362},[67,11097,78],{"class":77},[67,11099,333],{"class":239},[67,11101,5193],{"class":243},[67,11103,333],{"class":239},[67,11105,144],{"class":81},[67,11107,11108,11110,11112,11114],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,11109,135],{"class":134},[67,11111,138],{"class":81},[67,11113,9391],{"class":117},[67,11115,144],{"class":81},[1109,11117,11119],{"id":11118},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,11121,11122],{},"This will not work:",[58,11124,11125],{"className":60,"code":10655,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,11126,11127],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,11128,11129],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,11130,10655],{"class":3852},[14,11132,11133],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[58,11135,11137],{"className":60,"code":11136,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[17,11138,11139,11163],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,11140,11141,11143,11145,11147,11149,11151,11153,11155,11157,11159,11161],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,11142,9352],{"class":73},[67,11144,78],{"class":77},[67,11146,10678],{"class":81},[67,11148,333],{"class":239},[67,11150,10683],{"class":243},[67,11152,333],{"class":239},[67,11154,1161],{"class":81},[67,11156,342],{"class":239},[67,11158,7869],{"class":243},[67,11160,333],{"class":239},[67,11162,9496],{"class":81},[67,11164,11165,11167,11169,11171],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,11166,135],{"class":134},[67,11168,138],{"class":81},[67,11170,9391],{"class":117},[67,11172,144],{"class":81},[1109,11174,11176],{"id":11175},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,11178,11179],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[58,11181,11183],{"className":60,"code":11182,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[17,11184,11185,11221],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,11186,11187,11189,11191,11193,11195,11197,11199,11201,11203,11205,11207,11209,11211,11213,11215,11217,11219],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,11188,9352],{"class":73},[67,11190,78],{"class":77},[67,11192,9357],{"class":362},[67,11194,9845],{"class":81},[67,11196,333],{"class":239},[67,11198,2361],{"class":243},[67,11200,333],{"class":239},[67,11202,89],{"class":81},[67,11204,5689],{"class":85},[67,11206,9420],{"class":81},[67,11208,9423],{"class":81},[67,11210,333],{"class":239},[67,11212,2361],{"class":243},[67,11214,333],{"class":239},[67,11216,89],{"class":81},[67,11218,3182],{"class":85},[67,11220,10866],{"class":81},[67,11222,11223,11225,11227,11229],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,11224,135],{"class":134},[67,11226,138],{"class":81},[67,11228,9391],{"class":117},[67,11230,144],{"class":81},[14,11232,11233],{},[3934,11234,159],{},[58,11236,11238],{"className":60,"code":11237,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'x': 2}\n",[17,11239,11240],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,11241,11242,11244,11246,11248,11250,11252,11254],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,11243,9465],{"class":81},[67,11245,333],{"class":239},[67,11247,2361],{"class":243},[67,11249,333],{"class":239},[67,11251,1161],{"class":81},[67,11253,3182],{"class":85},[67,11255,9496],{"class":81},[14,11257,11258,11259,114],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[45,11260,11262],{"href":11261},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[53,11264,1907],{"id":1906},[14,11266,11267,11268,11270],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[17,11269,9306],{}," include:",[25,11272,11273,11283,11289,11292],{},[28,11274,11275,11276,11279,11280],{},"passing a list like ",[17,11277,11278],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[17,11281,11282],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[28,11284,11285,11286],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[17,11287,11288],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[28,11290,11291],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[28,11293,11294,11295,11297],{},"confusing ",[17,11296,9306],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,11299,11300],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[58,11302,11304],{"className":60,"code":11303,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[17,11305,11306,11320,11330,11341],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,11307,11308,11310,11312,11314,11316,11318],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,11309,135],{"class":134},[67,11311,138],{"class":81},[67,11313,2011],{"class":362},[67,11315,138],{"class":81},[67,11317,9391],{"class":117},[67,11319,1426],{"class":81},[67,11321,11322,11324,11326,11328],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,11323,135],{"class":134},[67,11325,138],{"class":81},[67,11327,9391],{"class":117},[67,11329,144],{"class":81},[67,11331,11332,11334,11336,11339],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,11333,135],{"class":134},[67,11335,138],{"class":81},[67,11337,11338],{"class":117},"list_of_pairs",[67,11340,144],{"class":81},[67,11342,11343,11345,11347,11349,11351,11353],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,11344,135],{"class":134},[67,11346,138],{"class":81},[67,11348,1964],{"class":134},[67,11350,138],{"class":81},[67,11352,11338],{"class":117},[67,11354,1426],{"class":81},[14,11356,11357],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[25,11359,11360,11363,11366],{},[28,11361,11362],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[28,11364,11365],{},"what data is being passed in",[28,11367,11368],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[53,11370,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,11372,5369,11374,961,11376,2681],{"id":11373},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[17,11375,9306],{},[17,11377,3983],{},[14,11379,11380,11382,11383,11385],{},[17,11381,3983],{}," is the short literal form. ",[17,11384,9306],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1109,11387,5359,11389,11391],{"id":11388},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[17,11390,9306],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11393,11394,11395,114],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[17,11396,11282],{},[1109,11398,5347,11400,11403],{"id":11399},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[17,11401,11402],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11405,11406],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1109,11408,11410,11411,11413],{"id":11409},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[17,11412,9306],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11415,11416,11417,11420],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[17,11418,11419],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[53,11422,2094],{"id":2093},[25,11424,11425,11430,11434,11439,11445],{},[28,11426,11427],{},[45,11428,11429],{"href":9578},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[28,11431,11432],{},[45,11433,9342],{"href":9341},[28,11435,11436],{},[45,11437,11438],{"href":10918},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[28,11440,11441],{},[45,11442,10924,11443,946],{"href":10923},[17,11444,10927],{},[28,11446,11447],{},[45,11448,11449],{"href":11261},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2122,11451,11452],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":11454},[11455,11457,11463,11464,11465,11466,11473,11479,11480,11490],{"id":9532,"depth":103,"text":11456},"What dict() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352,"children":11458},[11459,11460,11461,11462],{"id":9589,"depth":124,"text":9590},{"id":9631,"depth":124,"text":9632},{"id":9735,"depth":124,"text":9736},{"id":9825,"depth":124,"text":9826},{"id":9937,"depth":103,"text":9590},{"id":10041,"depth":103,"text":10042},{"id":10464,"depth":103,"text":10465},{"id":10770,"depth":103,"text":11467,"children":11468},"dict() vs {}",[11469,11471],{"id":10786,"depth":124,"text":11470},"Use {} when:",{"id":10811,"depth":124,"text":11472},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10930,"depth":103,"text":10931,"children":11474},[11475,11476,11477,11478],{"id":10939,"depth":124,"text":10940},{"id":11060,"depth":124,"text":11061},{"id":11118,"depth":124,"text":11119},{"id":11175,"depth":124,"text":11176},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":11481},[11482,11484,11486,11488],{"id":11373,"depth":124,"text":11483},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11388,"depth":124,"text":11485},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11399,"depth":124,"text":11487},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11409,"depth":124,"text":11489},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9298,"description":11491},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11498,"title":11499,"body":11500,"description":13011,"extension":2153,"meta":13012,"navigation":127,"path":13013,"seo":13014,"stem":13015,"__hash__":13016},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11501,"toc":12980},[11502,11510,11516,11523,11525,11586,11591,11596,11601,11619,11622,11626,11628,11644,11647,11660,11664,11667,11801,11803,11870,11873,11889,11895,11901,11904,11986,11988,12002,12006,12012,12077,12079,12087,12090,12113,12119,12182,12188,12191,12205,12218,12222,12233,12238,12249,12256,12260,12266,12388,12390,12416,12419,12436,12439,12550,12552,12601,12603,12616,12625,12630,12635,12646,12648,12751,12774,12776,12780,12799,12802,12860,12863,12889,12891,12898,12901,12907,12911,12918,12926,12932,12935,12937,12977],[10,11503,11505,11506,11509],{"id":11504},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[17,11507,11508],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11511,11512,11515],{},[17,11513,11514],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11517,11518,11519,11522],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[3934,11520,11521],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[53,11524,56],{"id":55},[58,11526,11528],{"className":60,"code":11527,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[17,11529,11530,11562,11573],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,11531,11532,11534,11536,11538,11540,11542,11544,11546,11548,11550,11552,11554,11556,11558,11560],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,11533,9352],{"class":73},[67,11535,78],{"class":77},[67,11537,10678],{"class":81},[67,11539,240],{"class":239},[67,11541,45],{"class":243},[67,11543,240],{"class":239},[67,11545,1161],{"class":81},[67,11547,5689],{"class":85},[67,11549,89],{"class":81},[67,11551,251],{"class":239},[67,11553,428],{"class":243},[67,11555,240],{"class":239},[67,11557,1161],{"class":81},[67,11559,3182],{"class":85},[67,11561,9496],{"class":81},[67,11563,11564,11566,11568,11571],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,11565,9391],{"class":73},[67,11567,114],{"class":81},[67,11569,11570],{"class":117},"clear",[67,11572,121],{"class":81},[67,11574,11575,11577,11579,11581,11583],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,11576,135],{"class":134},[67,11578,138],{"class":81},[67,11580,9391],{"class":117},[67,11582,3849],{"class":81},[67,11584,11585],{"class":3852},"  # {}\n",[14,11587,11588,11590],{},[17,11589,11508],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[53,11592,3867,11594,3870],{"id":11593},"what-clear-does",[17,11595,11508],{},[14,11597,379,11598,11600],{},[17,11599,11508],{}," method:",[25,11602,11603,11606,11609,11614],{},[28,11604,11605],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[28,11607,11608],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[28,11610,11611,11612],{},"Returns ",[17,11613,1103],{},[28,11615,11616,11617],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[17,11618,3983],{},[14,11620,11621],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11623,9338,11624,114],{},[45,11625,9342],{"href":9341},[53,11627,352],{"id":351},[58,11629,11631],{"className":60,"code":11630,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_dict.clear()\n",[17,11632,11633],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,11634,11635,11638,11640,11642],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,11636,11637],{"class":73},"my_dict",[67,11639,114],{"class":81},[67,11641,11570],{"class":117},[67,11643,121],{"class":81},[14,11645,11646],{},"Important points:",[25,11648,11649,11654,11657],{},[28,11650,11651,11653],{},[17,11652,11508],{}," takes no arguments",[28,11655,11656],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[28,11658,11659],{},"It empties that dictionary",[53,11661,11663],{"id":11662},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11665,11666],{},"Here is a basic example:",[58,11668,11670],{"className":60,"code":11669,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[17,11671,11672,11682,11703,11717,11734,11738,11742,11762,11766,11777,11781],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,11673,11674,11677,11679],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,11675,11676],{"class":73},"user ",[67,11678,78],{"class":77},[67,11680,11681],{"class":81}," {\n",[67,11683,11684,11687,11689,11691,11693,11695,11698,11700],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,11685,11686],{"class":239},"    \"",[67,11688,7860],{"class":243},[67,11690,240],{"class":239},[67,11692,1161],{"class":81},[67,11694,251],{"class":239},[67,11696,11697],{"class":243},"Maya",[67,11699,240],{"class":239},[67,11701,11702],{"class":81},",\n",[67,11704,11705,11707,11709,11711,11713,11715],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,11706,11686],{"class":239},[67,11708,9486],{"class":243},[67,11710,240],{"class":239},[67,11712,1161],{"class":81},[67,11714,9493],{"class":85},[67,11716,11702],{"class":81},[67,11718,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727,11729,11732],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,11720,11686],{"class":239},[67,11722,10596],{"class":243},[67,11724,240],{"class":239},[67,11726,1161],{"class":81},[67,11728,251],{"class":239},[67,11730,11731],{"class":243},"Berlin",[67,11733,3547],{"class":239},[67,11735,11736],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,11737,9496],{"class":81},[67,11739,11740],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,11741,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,11743,11744,11746,11748,11750,11753,11755,11757,11760],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,11745,135],{"class":134},[67,11747,138],{"class":81},[67,11749,240],{"class":239},[67,11751,11752],{"class":243},"Before:",[67,11754,240],{"class":239},[67,11756,89],{"class":81},[67,11758,11759],{"class":117}," user",[67,11761,144],{"class":81},[67,11763,11764],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,11765,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,11767,11768,11771,11773,11775],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,11769,11770],{"class":73},"user",[67,11772,114],{"class":81},[67,11774,11570],{"class":117},[67,11776,121],{"class":81},[67,11778,11779],{"class":69,"line":6628},[67,11780,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,11782,11784,11786,11788,11790,11793,11795,11797,11799],{"class":69,"line":11783},11,[67,11785,135],{"class":134},[67,11787,138],{"class":81},[67,11789,240],{"class":239},[67,11791,11792],{"class":243},"After:",[67,11794,240],{"class":239},[67,11796,89],{"class":81},[67,11798,11759],{"class":117},[67,11800,144],{"class":81},[14,11802,5751],{},[58,11804,11806],{"className":60,"code":11805,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[17,11807,11808,11861],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,11809,11810,11813,11815,11817,11819,11821,11823,11825,11827,11829,11831,11833,11835,11837,11839,11841,11843,11845,11847,11849,11851,11853,11855,11857,11859],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,11811,11812],{"class":73},"Before",[67,11814,1161],{"class":81},[67,11816,10678],{"class":81},[67,11818,333],{"class":239},[67,11820,7860],{"class":243},[67,11822,333],{"class":239},[67,11824,1161],{"class":81},[67,11826,342],{"class":239},[67,11828,11697],{"class":243},[67,11830,333],{"class":239},[67,11832,89],{"class":81},[67,11834,342],{"class":239},[67,11836,9486],{"class":243},[67,11838,333],{"class":239},[67,11840,1161],{"class":81},[67,11842,9493],{"class":85},[67,11844,89],{"class":81},[67,11846,342],{"class":239},[67,11848,10596],{"class":243},[67,11850,333],{"class":239},[67,11852,1161],{"class":81},[67,11854,342],{"class":239},[67,11856,11731],{"class":243},[67,11858,333],{"class":239},[67,11860,9496],{"class":81},[67,11862,11863,11866,11868],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,11864,11865],{"class":73},"After",[67,11867,1161],{"class":81},[67,11869,10025],{"class":81},[14,11871,11872],{},"What happens here:",[25,11874,11875,11880,11886],{},[28,11876,11877,11879],{},[17,11878,11770],{}," starts with three items",[28,11881,11882,11885],{},[17,11883,11884],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[28,11887,11888],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[53,11890,3867,11892,11894],{"id":11891},"what-clear-returns",[17,11893,11508],{}," returns",[14,11896,11897,2584,11899,114],{},[17,11898,11508],{},[17,11900,1103],{},[14,11902,11903],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[58,11905,11907],{"className":60,"code":11906,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[17,11908,11909,11943,11947,11962,11966,11976],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,11910,11911,11914,11916,11918,11920,11922,11924,11926,11928,11930,11932,11935,11937,11939,11941],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,11912,11913],{"class":73},"my_dict ",[67,11915,78],{"class":77},[67,11917,10678],{"class":81},[67,11919,240],{"class":239},[67,11921,2361],{"class":243},[67,11923,240],{"class":239},[67,11925,1161],{"class":81},[67,11927,5689],{"class":85},[67,11929,89],{"class":81},[67,11931,251],{"class":239},[67,11933,11934],{"class":243},"y",[67,11936,240],{"class":239},[67,11938,1161],{"class":81},[67,11940,3182],{"class":85},[67,11942,9496],{"class":81},[67,11944,11945],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,11946,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,11948,11949,11951,11953,11956,11958,11960],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,11950,2416],{"class":73},[67,11952,78],{"class":77},[67,11954,11955],{"class":73}," my_dict",[67,11957,114],{"class":81},[67,11959,11570],{"class":117},[67,11961,121],{"class":81},[67,11963,11964],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,11965,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,11967,11968,11970,11972,11974],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,11969,135],{"class":134},[67,11971,138],{"class":81},[67,11973,2451],{"class":117},[67,11975,144],{"class":81},[67,11977,11978,11980,11982,11984],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,11979,135],{"class":134},[67,11981,138],{"class":81},[67,11983,11637],{"class":117},[67,11985,144],{"class":81},[14,11987,159],{},[58,11989,11991],{"className":60,"code":11990,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"None\n{}\n",[17,11992,11993,11998],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,11994,11995],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,11996,11997],{"class":4043},"None\n",[67,11999,12000],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,12001,9622],{"class":81},[1109,12003,12005],{"id":12004},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,12007,12008,12009,12011],{},"Do ",[3934,12010,4820],{}," do this:",[58,12013,12015],{"className":60,"code":12014,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[17,12016,12017,12049,12063,12067],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,12018,12019,12021,12023,12025,12027,12029,12031,12033,12035,12037,12039,12041,12043,12045,12047],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,12020,11913],{"class":73},[67,12022,78],{"class":77},[67,12024,10678],{"class":81},[67,12026,240],{"class":239},[67,12028,2361],{"class":243},[67,12030,240],{"class":239},[67,12032,1161],{"class":81},[67,12034,5689],{"class":85},[67,12036,89],{"class":81},[67,12038,251],{"class":239},[67,12040,11934],{"class":243},[67,12042,240],{"class":239},[67,12044,1161],{"class":81},[67,12046,3182],{"class":85},[67,12048,9496],{"class":81},[67,12050,12051,12053,12055,12057,12059,12061],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,12052,11913],{"class":73},[67,12054,78],{"class":77},[67,12056,11955],{"class":73},[67,12058,114],{"class":81},[67,12060,11570],{"class":117},[67,12062,121],{"class":81},[67,12064,12065],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,12066,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,12068,12069,12071,12073,12075],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,12070,135],{"class":134},[67,12072,138],{"class":81},[67,12074,11637],{"class":117},[67,12076,144],{"class":81},[14,12078,159],{},[58,12080,12081],{"className":60,"code":11997,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,12082,12083],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,12084,12085],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,12086,11997],{"class":4043},[14,12088,12089],{},"Why this happens:",[25,12091,12092,12098,12103],{},[28,12093,12094,12097],{},[17,12095,12096],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[28,12099,12100,12101],{},"The method returns ",[17,12102,1103],{},[28,12104,12105,12106,12109,12110,12112],{},"Then ",[17,12107,12108],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[17,12111,1103],{}," in the variable",[14,12114,12115,12116,12118],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[17,12117,11508],{}," by itself:",[58,12120,12122],{"className":60,"code":12121,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[17,12123,12124,12156,12166,12170],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,12125,12126,12128,12130,12132,12134,12136,12138,12140,12142,12144,12146,12148,12150,12152,12154],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,12127,11913],{"class":73},[67,12129,78],{"class":77},[67,12131,10678],{"class":81},[67,12133,240],{"class":239},[67,12135,2361],{"class":243},[67,12137,240],{"class":239},[67,12139,1161],{"class":81},[67,12141,5689],{"class":85},[67,12143,89],{"class":81},[67,12145,251],{"class":239},[67,12147,11934],{"class":243},[67,12149,240],{"class":239},[67,12151,1161],{"class":81},[67,12153,3182],{"class":85},[67,12155,9496],{"class":81},[67,12157,12158,12160,12162,12164],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,12159,11637],{"class":73},[67,12161,114],{"class":81},[67,12163,11570],{"class":117},[67,12165,121],{"class":81},[67,12167,12168],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,12169,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,12171,12172,12174,12176,12178,12180],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,12173,135],{"class":134},[67,12175,138],{"class":81},[67,12177,11637],{"class":117},[67,12179,3849],{"class":81},[67,12181,11585],{"class":3852},[53,12183,12185,12187],{"id":12184},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[17,12186,11508],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,12189,12190],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[58,12192,12193],{"className":60,"code":11630,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,12194,12195],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,12196,12197,12199,12201,12203],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,12198,11637],{"class":73},[67,12200,114],{"class":81},[67,12202,11570],{"class":117},[67,12204,121],{"class":81},[58,12206,12208],{"className":60,"code":12207,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_dict = {}\n",[17,12209,12210],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,12211,12212,12214,12216],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,12213,11913],{"class":73},[67,12215,78],{"class":77},[67,12217,10025],{"class":81},[1109,12219,12220],{"id":11570},[17,12221,11508],{},[25,12223,12224,12227,12230],{},[28,12225,12226],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[28,12228,12229],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[28,12231,12232],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1109,12234,12235],{"id":11637},[17,12236,12237],{},"my_dict = {}",[25,12239,12240,12243,12246],{},[28,12241,12242],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[28,12244,12245],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[28,12247,12248],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,12250,12251,12252,114],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[45,12253,12255],{"href":12254},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[53,12257,12259],{"id":12258},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,12261,12262,12263,12265],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[17,12264,11508],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[58,12267,12269],{"className":60,"code":12268,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[17,12270,12271,12304,12314,12318,12329,12333,12353,12373],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,12272,12273,12276,12278,12280,12282,12284,12286,12288,12290,12292,12294,12296,12298,12300,12302],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,12274,12275],{"class":73},"original ",[67,12277,78],{"class":77},[67,12279,10678],{"class":81},[67,12281,240],{"class":239},[67,12283,45],{"class":243},[67,12285,240],{"class":239},[67,12287,1161],{"class":81},[67,12289,5689],{"class":85},[67,12291,89],{"class":81},[67,12293,251],{"class":239},[67,12295,428],{"class":243},[67,12297,240],{"class":239},[67,12299,1161],{"class":81},[67,12301,3182],{"class":85},[67,12303,9496],{"class":81},[67,12305,12306,12309,12311],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,12307,12308],{"class":73},"other_ref ",[67,12310,78],{"class":77},[67,12312,12313],{"class":73}," original\n",[67,12315,12316],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,12317,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,12319,12320,12323,12325,12327],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,12321,12322],{"class":73},"original",[67,12324,114],{"class":81},[67,12326,11570],{"class":117},[67,12328,121],{"class":81},[67,12330,12331],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,12332,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,12334,12335,12337,12339,12341,12344,12346,12348,12351],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,12336,135],{"class":134},[67,12338,138],{"class":81},[67,12340,240],{"class":239},[67,12342,12343],{"class":243},"original:",[67,12345,240],{"class":239},[67,12347,89],{"class":81},[67,12349,12350],{"class":117}," original",[67,12352,144],{"class":81},[67,12354,12355,12357,12359,12361,12364,12366,12368,12371],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,12356,135],{"class":134},[67,12358,138],{"class":81},[67,12360,240],{"class":239},[67,12362,12363],{"class":243},"other_ref:",[67,12365,240],{"class":239},[67,12367,89],{"class":81},[67,12369,12370],{"class":117}," other_ref",[67,12372,144],{"class":81},[67,12374,12375,12377,12379,12381,12384,12386],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,12376,135],{"class":134},[67,12378,138],{"class":81},[67,12380,12275],{"class":117},[67,12382,12383],{"class":1167},"is",[67,12385,12370],{"class":117},[67,12387,144],{"class":81},[14,12389,159],{},[58,12391,12393],{"className":60,"code":12392,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[17,12394,12395,12403,12412],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,12396,12397,12399,12401],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,12398,12322],{"class":73},[67,12400,1161],{"class":81},[67,12402,10025],{"class":81},[67,12404,12405,12408,12410],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,12406,12407],{"class":73},"other_ref",[67,12409,1161],{"class":81},[67,12411,10025],{"class":81},[67,12413,12414],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,12415,4170],{"class":4043},[14,12417,12418],{},"This shows:",[25,12420,12421,12428,12433],{},[28,12422,12423,961,12425,12427],{},[17,12424,12322],{},[17,12426,12407],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[28,12429,12430,12432],{},[17,12431,11508],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[28,12434,12435],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12437,12438],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[58,12440,12442],{"className":60,"code":12441,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[17,12443,12444,12476,12484,12488,12496,12500,12518,12536],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,12445,12446,12448,12450,12452,12454,12456,12458,12460,12462,12464,12466,12468,12470,12472,12474],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,12447,12275],{"class":73},[67,12449,78],{"class":77},[67,12451,10678],{"class":81},[67,12453,240],{"class":239},[67,12455,45],{"class":243},[67,12457,240],{"class":239},[67,12459,1161],{"class":81},[67,12461,5689],{"class":85},[67,12463,89],{"class":81},[67,12465,251],{"class":239},[67,12467,428],{"class":243},[67,12469,240],{"class":239},[67,12471,1161],{"class":81},[67,12473,3182],{"class":85},[67,12475,9496],{"class":81},[67,12477,12478,12480,12482],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,12479,12308],{"class":73},[67,12481,78],{"class":77},[67,12483,12313],{"class":73},[67,12485,12486],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,12487,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,12489,12490,12492,12494],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,12491,12275],{"class":73},[67,12493,78],{"class":77},[67,12495,10025],{"class":81},[67,12497,12498],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,12499,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,12501,12502,12504,12506,12508,12510,12512,12514,12516],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,12503,135],{"class":134},[67,12505,138],{"class":81},[67,12507,240],{"class":239},[67,12509,12343],{"class":243},[67,12511,240],{"class":239},[67,12513,89],{"class":81},[67,12515,12350],{"class":117},[67,12517,144],{"class":81},[67,12519,12520,12522,12524,12526,12528,12530,12532,12534],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,12521,135],{"class":134},[67,12523,138],{"class":81},[67,12525,240],{"class":239},[67,12527,12363],{"class":243},[67,12529,240],{"class":239},[67,12531,89],{"class":81},[67,12533,12370],{"class":117},[67,12535,144],{"class":81},[67,12537,12538,12540,12542,12544,12546,12548],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,12539,135],{"class":134},[67,12541,138],{"class":81},[67,12543,12275],{"class":117},[67,12545,12383],{"class":1167},[67,12547,12370],{"class":117},[67,12549,144],{"class":81},[14,12551,159],{},[58,12553,12555],{"className":60,"code":12554,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[17,12556,12557,12565,12597],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,12558,12559,12561,12563],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,12560,12322],{"class":73},[67,12562,1161],{"class":81},[67,12564,10025],{"class":81},[67,12566,12567,12569,12571,12573,12575,12577,12579,12581,12583,12585,12587,12589,12591,12593,12595],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,12568,12407],{"class":73},[67,12570,1161],{"class":81},[67,12572,10678],{"class":81},[67,12574,333],{"class":239},[67,12576,45],{"class":243},[67,12578,333],{"class":239},[67,12580,1161],{"class":81},[67,12582,5689],{"class":85},[67,12584,89],{"class":81},[67,12586,342],{"class":239},[67,12588,428],{"class":243},[67,12590,333],{"class":239},[67,12592,1161],{"class":81},[67,12594,3182],{"class":85},[67,12596,9496],{"class":81},[67,12598,12599],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,12600,4231],{"class":4043},[14,12602,2366],{},[25,12604,12605,12611],{},[28,12606,12607,12610],{},[17,12608,12609],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[28,12612,12613,12615],{},[17,12614,12407],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12617,12618,12619,114],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[45,12620,12622],{"href":12621},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[17,12623,12624],{},"dict.copy()",[53,12626,5151,12628],{"id":12627},"when-to-use-clear",[17,12629,11508],{},[14,12631,12632,12634],{},[17,12633,11508],{}," is useful when you want to:",[25,12636,12637,12640,12643],{},[28,12638,12639],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[28,12641,12642],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[28,12644,12645],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12647,222],{},[58,12649,12651],{"className":60,"code":12650,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[17,12652,12653,12662,12678,12698,12711,12715,12719,12724,12735,12739],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,12654,12655,12658,12660],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,12656,12657],{"class":73},"session_data ",[67,12659,78],{"class":77},[67,12661,11681],{"class":81},[67,12663,12664,12666,12669,12671,12673,12676],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,12665,11686],{"class":239},[67,12667,12668],{"class":243},"user_id",[67,12670,240],{"class":239},[67,12672,1161],{"class":81},[67,12674,12675],{"class":85}," 101",[67,12677,11702],{"class":81},[67,12679,12680,12682,12685,12687,12689,12691,12694,12696],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,12681,11686],{"class":239},[67,12683,12684],{"class":243},"theme",[67,12686,240],{"class":239},[67,12688,1161],{"class":81},[67,12690,251],{"class":239},[67,12692,12693],{"class":243},"dark",[67,12695,240],{"class":239},[67,12697,11702],{"class":81},[67,12699,12700,12702,12705,12707,12709],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,12701,11686],{"class":239},[67,12703,12704],{"class":243},"logged_in",[67,12706,240],{"class":239},[67,12708,1161],{"class":81},[67,12710,6614],{"class":4043},[67,12712,12713],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,12714,9496],{"class":81},[67,12716,12717],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,12718,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,12720,12721],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,12722,12723],{"class":3852},"# Reset for a new session\n",[67,12725,12726,12729,12731,12733],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,12727,12728],{"class":73},"session_data",[67,12730,114],{"class":81},[67,12732,11570],{"class":117},[67,12734,121],{"class":81},[67,12736,12737],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,12738,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,12740,12741,12743,12745,12747,12749],{"class":69,"line":6628},[67,12742,135],{"class":134},[67,12744,138],{"class":81},[67,12746,12728],{"class":117},[67,12748,3849],{"class":81},[67,12750,11585],{"class":3852},[14,12752,12753,12754,12760,12761,114,12765,12767,12768,114],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[45,12755,12757],{"href":12756},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[17,12758,12759],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[45,12762,12764],{"href":12763},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10033,12766],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[45,12769,12771],{"href":12770},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[17,12772,12773],{},"dict.popitem()",[53,12775,1907],{"id":1906},[14,12777,10934,12778,1161],{},[17,12779,11508],{},[25,12781,12782,12788,12793,12796],{},[28,12783,12784,12785,12787],{},"Assigning the result of ",[17,12786,11508],{}," to a variable",[28,12789,1930,12790,12792],{},[17,12791,11508],{}," to return a new dictionary",[28,12794,12795],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[28,12797,12798],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12800,12801],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[58,12803,12805],{"className":60,"code":12804,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[17,12806,12807,12817,12831,12846],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,12808,12809,12811,12813,12815],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,12810,135],{"class":134},[67,12812,138],{"class":81},[67,12814,11637],{"class":117},[67,12816,144],{"class":81},[67,12818,12819,12821,12823,12825,12827,12829],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,12820,135],{"class":134},[67,12822,138],{"class":81},[67,12824,2011],{"class":362},[67,12826,138],{"class":81},[67,12828,11637],{"class":117},[67,12830,1426],{"class":81},[67,12832,12833,12835,12837,12840,12842,12844],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,12834,135],{"class":134},[67,12836,138],{"class":81},[67,12838,12839],{"class":134},"id",[67,12841,138],{"class":81},[67,12843,11637],{"class":117},[67,12845,1426],{"class":81},[67,12847,12848,12850,12852,12854,12856,12858],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,12849,135],{"class":134},[67,12851,138],{"class":81},[67,12853,12308],{"class":117},[67,12855,12383],{"class":1167},[67,12857,11955],{"class":117},[67,12859,144],{"class":81},[14,12861,12862],{},"What these show:",[25,12864,12865,12871,12877,12883],{},[28,12866,12867,12870],{},[17,12868,12869],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[28,12872,12873,12876],{},[17,12874,12875],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[28,12878,12879,12882],{},[17,12880,12881],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[28,12884,12885,12888],{},[17,12886,12887],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[53,12890,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,12892,12894,12895,12897],{"id":12893},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[17,12896,11508],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12899,12900],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1109,12902,5331,12904,12906],{"id":12903},"what-does-dictclear-return",[17,12905,11514],{}," return?",[14,12908,5337,12909,114],{},[17,12910,1103],{},[1109,12912,5369,12914,961,12916,2681],{"id":12913},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[17,12915,11508],{},[17,12917,3983],{},[14,12919,12920,12922,12923,12925],{},[17,12921,11508],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[17,12924,3983],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1109,12927,12894,12929,12931],{"id":12928},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[17,12930,11508],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12933,12934],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[53,12936,2094],{"id":2093},[25,12938,12939,12943,12947,12953,12960,12967,12972],{},[28,12940,12941],{},[45,12942,9342],{"href":9341},[28,12944,12945],{},[45,12946,11429],{"href":9578},[28,12948,12949],{},[45,12950,10924,12951,946],{"href":12756},[17,12952,39],{},[28,12954,12955],{},[45,12956,10924,12957,946],{"href":12770},[17,12958,12959],{},"popitem()",[28,12961,12962],{},[45,12963,10924,12964,946],{"href":12621},[17,12965,12966],{},"copy()",[28,12968,12969],{},[45,12970,12971],{"href":12254},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[28,12973,12974],{},[45,12975,12976],{"href":12763},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2122,12978,12979],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":12981},[12982,12983,12985,12986,12987,12991,12996,12997,12999,13000,13010],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":11593,"depth":103,"text":12984},"What clear() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":11891,"depth":103,"text":12988,"children":12989},"What clear() returns",[12990],{"id":12004,"depth":124,"text":12005},{"id":12184,"depth":103,"text":12992,"children":12993},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12994,12995],{"id":11570,"depth":124,"text":11508},{"id":11637,"depth":124,"text":12237},{"id":12258,"depth":103,"text":12259},{"id":12627,"depth":103,"text":12998},"When to use clear()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":13001},[13002,13004,13006,13008],{"id":12893,"depth":124,"text":13003},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12903,"depth":124,"text":13005},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12913,"depth":124,"text":13007},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12928,"depth":124,"text":13009},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11499,"description":13011},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13018,"title":13019,"body":13020,"description":15184,"extension":2153,"meta":15185,"navigation":127,"path":15186,"seo":15187,"stem":15188,"__hash__":15189},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13021,"toc":15156},[13022,13027,13032,13042,13044,13132,13136,13177,13182,13189,13207,13216,13218,13239,13242,13254,13256,13331,13335,13376,13378,13381,13509,13513,13593,13596,13614,13617,13621,13627,13629,13640,13642,13837,13841,13947,13950,13968,13971,13978,13983,13987,14001,14003,14130,14134,14214,14227,14233,14236,14244,14248,14374,14378,14452,14457,14588,14592,14666,14669,14683,14687,14691,14705,14707,14843,14847,14916,14918,14923,14945,14948,15055,15058,15069,15076,15078,15084,15087,15094,15097,15104,15112,15116,15119,15121,15153],[10,13023,11505,13025,11509],{"id":13024},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[17,13026,12966],{},[14,13028,13029,13031],{},[17,13030,12624],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,13033,13034,13035,13037,13038,13041],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[17,13036,12966],{}," makes a ",[3934,13039,13040],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[53,13043,56],{"id":55},[58,13045,13047],{"className":60,"code":13046,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[17,13048,13049,13086,13103,13107,13118],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,13050,13051,13054,13056,13058,13060,13062,13064,13066,13068,13070,13072,13074,13076,13078,13080,13082,13084],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,13052,13053],{"class":73},"student ",[67,13055,78],{"class":77},[67,13057,10678],{"class":81},[67,13059,240],{"class":239},[67,13061,7860],{"class":243},[67,13063,240],{"class":239},[67,13065,1161],{"class":81},[67,13067,251],{"class":239},[67,13069,986],{"class":243},[67,13071,240],{"class":239},[67,13073,89],{"class":81},[67,13075,251],{"class":239},[67,13077,9486],{"class":243},[67,13079,240],{"class":239},[67,13081,1161],{"class":81},[67,13083,92],{"class":85},[67,13085,9496],{"class":81},[67,13087,13088,13091,13093,13096,13098,13101],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,13089,13090],{"class":73},"student_copy ",[67,13092,78],{"class":77},[67,13094,13095],{"class":73}," student",[67,13097,114],{"class":81},[67,13099,13100],{"class":117},"copy",[67,13102,121],{"class":81},[67,13104,13105],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,13106,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,13108,13109,13111,13113,13116],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,13110,135],{"class":134},[67,13112,138],{"class":81},[67,13114,13115],{"class":117},"student_copy",[67,13117,144],{"class":81},[67,13119,13120,13122,13124,13126,13128,13130],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,13121,135],{"class":134},[67,13123,138],{"class":81},[67,13125,13090],{"class":117},[67,13127,12383],{"class":1167},[67,13129,13095],{"class":117},[67,13131,144],{"class":81},[14,13133,13134],{},[3934,13135,159],{},[58,13137,13139],{"className":60,"code":13138,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[17,13140,13141,13173],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,13142,13143,13145,13147,13149,13151,13153,13155,13157,13159,13161,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,13144,9465],{"class":81},[67,13146,333],{"class":239},[67,13148,7860],{"class":243},[67,13150,333],{"class":239},[67,13152,1161],{"class":81},[67,13154,342],{"class":239},[67,13156,986],{"class":243},[67,13158,333],{"class":239},[67,13160,89],{"class":81},[67,13162,342],{"class":239},[67,13164,9486],{"class":243},[67,13166,333],{"class":239},[67,13168,1161],{"class":81},[67,13170,92],{"class":85},[67,13172,9496],{"class":81},[67,13174,13175],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,13176,4231],{"class":4043},[14,13178,185,13179,13181],{},[17,13180,12966],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[53,13183,13185,13186,13188],{"id":13184},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[17,13187,12966],{}," method does",[25,13190,13191,13196,13199,13204],{},[28,13192,13193,13195],{},[17,13194,12624],{}," returns a new dictionary",[28,13197,13198],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[28,13200,13201,13202],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[17,13203,12966],{},[28,13205,13206],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,13208,13209,13210,3068,13213,114],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[45,13211,9342],{"href":13212},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[45,13214,9579],{"href":13215},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[53,13217,352],{"id":351},[58,13219,13221],{"className":60,"code":13220,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[17,13222,13223],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,13224,13225,13228,13230,13233,13235,13237],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,13226,13227],{"class":73},"new_dict ",[67,13229,78],{"class":77},[67,13231,13232],{"class":73}," old_dict",[67,13234,114],{"class":81},[67,13236,13100],{"class":117},[67,13238,121],{"class":81},[14,13240,13241],{},"Key points:",[25,13243,13244,13248,13251],{},[28,13245,13246,11653],{},[17,13247,12966],{},[28,13249,13250],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[28,13252,13253],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,13255,222],{},[58,13257,13259],{"className":60,"code":13258,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[17,13260,13261,13301,13316,13320],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,13262,13263,13265,13267,13269,13271,13273,13275,13277,13279,13281,13283,13285,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297,13299],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,13264,232],{"class":73},[67,13266,78],{"class":77},[67,13268,10678],{"class":81},[67,13270,240],{"class":239},[67,13272,45],{"class":243},[67,13274,240],{"class":239},[67,13276,1161],{"class":81},[67,13278,251],{"class":239},[67,13280,244],{"class":243},[67,13282,240],{"class":239},[67,13284,89],{"class":81},[67,13286,251],{"class":239},[67,13288,428],{"class":243},[67,13290,240],{"class":239},[67,13292,1161],{"class":81},[67,13294,251],{"class":239},[67,13296,263],{"class":243},[67,13298,240],{"class":239},[67,13300,9496],{"class":81},[67,13302,13303,13306,13308,13310,13312,13314],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,13304,13305],{"class":73},"new_colors ",[67,13307,78],{"class":77},[67,13309,281],{"class":73},[67,13311,114],{"class":81},[67,13313,13100],{"class":117},[67,13315,121],{"class":81},[67,13317,13318],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,13319,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,13321,13322,13324,13326,13329],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,13323,135],{"class":134},[67,13325,138],{"class":81},[67,13327,13328],{"class":117},"new_colors",[67,13330,144],{"class":81},[14,13332,13333],{},[3934,13334,159],{},[58,13336,13338],{"className":60,"code":13337,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[17,13339,13340],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,13341,13342,13344,13346,13348,13350,13352,13354,13356,13358,13360,13362,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,13343,9465],{"class":81},[67,13345,333],{"class":239},[67,13347,45],{"class":243},[67,13349,333],{"class":239},[67,13351,1161],{"class":81},[67,13353,342],{"class":239},[67,13355,244],{"class":243},[67,13357,333],{"class":239},[67,13359,89],{"class":81},[67,13361,342],{"class":239},[67,13363,428],{"class":243},[67,13365,333],{"class":239},[67,13367,1161],{"class":81},[67,13369,342],{"class":239},[67,13371,263],{"class":243},[67,13373,333],{"class":239},[67,13375,9496],{"class":81},[53,13377,11663],{"id":11662},[14,13379,13380],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[58,13382,13384],{"className":60,"code":13383,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[17,13385,13386,13424,13440,13444,13466,13470,13489],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,13387,13388,13391,13393,13395,13397,13399,13401,13403,13405,13408,13410,13412,13414,13416,13418,13420,13422],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,13389,13390],{"class":73},"person ",[67,13392,78],{"class":77},[67,13394,10678],{"class":81},[67,13396,240],{"class":239},[67,13398,7860],{"class":243},[67,13400,240],{"class":239},[67,13402,1161],{"class":81},[67,13404,251],{"class":239},[67,13406,13407],{"class":243},"Liam",[67,13409,240],{"class":239},[67,13411,89],{"class":81},[67,13413,251],{"class":239},[67,13415,9486],{"class":243},[67,13417,240],{"class":239},[67,13419,1161],{"class":81},[67,13421,9493],{"class":85},[67,13423,9496],{"class":81},[67,13425,13426,13429,13431,13434,13436,13438],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,13427,13428],{"class":73},"person_copy ",[67,13430,78],{"class":77},[67,13432,13433],{"class":73}," person",[67,13435,114],{"class":81},[67,13437,13100],{"class":117},[67,13439,121],{"class":81},[67,13441,13442],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,13443,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,13445,13446,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457,13460,13463],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,13447,13448],{"class":73},"person_copy",[67,13450,174],{"class":81},[67,13452,240],{"class":239},[67,13454,9486],{"class":243},[67,13456,240],{"class":239},[67,13458,13459],{"class":81},"]",[67,13461,13462],{"class":77}," =",[67,13464,13465],{"class":85}," 26\n",[67,13467,13468],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,13469,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,13471,13472,13474,13476,13478,13481,13483,13485,13487],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,13473,135],{"class":134},[67,13475,138],{"class":81},[67,13477,240],{"class":239},[67,13479,13480],{"class":243},"Original:",[67,13482,240],{"class":239},[67,13484,89],{"class":81},[67,13486,13433],{"class":117},[67,13488,144],{"class":81},[67,13490,13491,13493,13495,13497,13500,13502,13504,13507],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,13492,135],{"class":134},[67,13494,138],{"class":81},[67,13496,240],{"class":239},[67,13498,13499],{"class":243},"Copy:",[67,13501,240],{"class":239},[67,13503,89],{"class":81},[67,13505,13506],{"class":117}," person_copy",[67,13508,144],{"class":81},[14,13510,13511],{},[3934,13512,159],{},[58,13514,13516],{"className":60,"code":13515,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[17,13517,13518,13555],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,13519,13520,13523,13525,13527,13529,13531,13533,13535,13537,13539,13541,13543,13545,13547,13549,13551,13553],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,13521,13522],{"class":73},"Original",[67,13524,1161],{"class":81},[67,13526,10678],{"class":81},[67,13528,333],{"class":239},[67,13530,7860],{"class":243},[67,13532,333],{"class":239},[67,13534,1161],{"class":81},[67,13536,342],{"class":239},[67,13538,13407],{"class":243},[67,13540,333],{"class":239},[67,13542,89],{"class":81},[67,13544,342],{"class":239},[67,13546,9486],{"class":243},[67,13548,333],{"class":239},[67,13550,1161],{"class":81},[67,13552,9493],{"class":85},[67,13554,9496],{"class":81},[67,13556,13557,13560,13562,13564,13566,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13584,13586,13588,13591],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,13558,13559],{"class":73},"Copy",[67,13561,1161],{"class":81},[67,13563,10678],{"class":81},[67,13565,333],{"class":239},[67,13567,7860],{"class":243},[67,13569,333],{"class":239},[67,13571,1161],{"class":81},[67,13573,342],{"class":239},[67,13575,13407],{"class":243},[67,13577,333],{"class":239},[67,13579,89],{"class":81},[67,13581,342],{"class":239},[67,13583,9486],{"class":243},[67,13585,333],{"class":239},[67,13587,1161],{"class":81},[67,13589,13590],{"class":85}," 26",[67,13592,9496],{"class":81},[14,13594,13595],{},"What happened here:",[25,13597,13598,13604,13611],{},[28,13599,13600,13603],{},[17,13601,13602],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[28,13605,13606,13607,13610],{},"Changing ",[17,13608,13609],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[28,13612,13613],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13615,13616],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[53,13618,13620],{"id":13619},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13622,13623,13037,13625,114],{},[17,13624,12966],{},[3934,13626,13040],{},[14,13628,2296],{},[25,13630,13631,13634,13637],{},[28,13632,13633],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[28,13635,13636],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[28,13638,13639],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13641,222],{},[58,13643,13645],{"className":60,"code":13644,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[17,13646,13647,13655,13673,13696,13700,13704,13718,13722,13747,13751,13769,13788,13803],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,13648,13649,13651,13653],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,13650,13053],{"class":73},[67,13652,78],{"class":77},[67,13654,11681],{"class":81},[67,13656,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,13658,11686],{"class":239},[67,13660,7860],{"class":243},[67,13662,240],{"class":239},[67,13664,1161],{"class":81},[67,13666,251],{"class":239},[67,13668,986],{"class":243},[67,13670,240],{"class":239},[67,13672,11702],{"class":81},[67,13674,13675,13677,13680,13682,13684,13686,13689,13691,13694],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,13676,11686],{"class":239},[67,13678,13679],{"class":243},"grades",[67,13681,240],{"class":239},[67,13683,1161],{"class":81},[67,13685,82],{"class":81},[67,13687,13688],{"class":85},"90",[67,13690,89],{"class":81},[67,13692,13693],{"class":85}," 85",[67,13695,100],{"class":81},[67,13697,13698],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,13699,9496],{"class":81},[67,13701,13702],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,13703,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,13705,13706,13708,13710,13712,13714,13716],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,13707,13090],{"class":73},[67,13709,78],{"class":77},[67,13711,13095],{"class":73},[67,13713,114],{"class":81},[67,13715,13100],{"class":117},[67,13717,121],{"class":81},[67,13719,13720],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,13721,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,13723,13724,13726,13728,13730,13732,13734,13737,13740,13742,13745],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,13725,13115],{"class":73},[67,13727,174],{"class":81},[67,13729,240],{"class":239},[67,13731,13679],{"class":243},[67,13733,240],{"class":239},[67,13735,13736],{"class":81},"].",[67,13738,13739],{"class":117},"append",[67,13741,138],{"class":81},[67,13743,13744],{"class":85},"100",[67,13746,144],{"class":81},[67,13748,13749],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,13750,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,13752,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13767],{"class":69,"line":6628},[67,13754,135],{"class":134},[67,13756,138],{"class":81},[67,13758,240],{"class":239},[67,13760,13480],{"class":243},[67,13762,240],{"class":239},[67,13764,89],{"class":81},[67,13766,13095],{"class":117},[67,13768,144],{"class":81},[67,13770,13771,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783,13786],{"class":69,"line":11783},[67,13772,135],{"class":134},[67,13774,138],{"class":81},[67,13776,240],{"class":239},[67,13778,13499],{"class":243},[67,13780,240],{"class":239},[67,13782,89],{"class":81},[67,13784,13785],{"class":117}," student_copy",[67,13787,144],{"class":81},[67,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801],{"class":69,"line":13790},12,[67,13792,135],{"class":134},[67,13794,138],{"class":81},[67,13796,13053],{"class":117},[67,13798,12383],{"class":1167},[67,13800,13785],{"class":117},[67,13802,144],{"class":81},[67,13804,13806,13808,13810,13813,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835],{"class":69,"line":13805},13,[67,13807,135],{"class":134},[67,13809,138],{"class":81},[67,13811,13812],{"class":117},"student",[67,13814,174],{"class":81},[67,13816,240],{"class":239},[67,13818,13679],{"class":243},[67,13820,240],{"class":239},[67,13822,13459],{"class":81},[67,13824,8284],{"class":1167},[67,13826,13785],{"class":117},[67,13828,174],{"class":81},[67,13830,240],{"class":239},[67,13832,13679],{"class":243},[67,13834,240],{"class":239},[67,13836,376],{"class":81},[14,13838,13839],{},[3934,13840,159],{},[58,13842,13844],{"className":60,"code":13843,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[17,13845,13846,13893,13939,13943],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,13847,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880,13882,13884,13886,13888,13890],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,13849,13522],{"class":73},[67,13851,1161],{"class":81},[67,13853,10678],{"class":81},[67,13855,333],{"class":239},[67,13857,7860],{"class":243},[67,13859,333],{"class":239},[67,13861,1161],{"class":81},[67,13863,342],{"class":239},[67,13865,986],{"class":243},[67,13867,333],{"class":239},[67,13869,89],{"class":81},[67,13871,342],{"class":239},[67,13873,13679],{"class":243},[67,13875,333],{"class":239},[67,13877,1161],{"class":81},[67,13879,82],{"class":81},[67,13881,13688],{"class":85},[67,13883,89],{"class":81},[67,13885,13693],{"class":85},[67,13887,89],{"class":81},[67,13889,10305],{"class":85},[67,13891,13892],{"class":81},"]}\n",[67,13894,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921,13923,13925,13927,13929,13931,13933,13935,13937],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,13896,13559],{"class":73},[67,13898,1161],{"class":81},[67,13900,10678],{"class":81},[67,13902,333],{"class":239},[67,13904,7860],{"class":243},[67,13906,333],{"class":239},[67,13908,1161],{"class":81},[67,13910,342],{"class":239},[67,13912,986],{"class":243},[67,13914,333],{"class":239},[67,13916,89],{"class":81},[67,13918,342],{"class":239},[67,13920,13679],{"class":243},[67,13922,333],{"class":239},[67,13924,1161],{"class":81},[67,13926,82],{"class":81},[67,13928,13688],{"class":85},[67,13930,89],{"class":81},[67,13932,13693],{"class":85},[67,13934,89],{"class":81},[67,13936,10305],{"class":85},[67,13938,13892],{"class":81},[67,13940,13941],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,13942,4231],{"class":4043},[67,13944,13945],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,13946,4170],{"class":4043},[14,13948,13949],{},"Notice the difference:",[25,13951,13952,13960],{},[28,13953,13954,4973,13957,13959],{},[17,13955,13956],{},"student is student_copy",[17,13958,3863],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[28,13961,13962,4973,13965,13967],{},[17,13963,13964],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[17,13966,3793],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,13969,13970],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,13972,13973,13974,114],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[45,13975,13977],{"href":13976},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[53,13979,5151,13981],{"id":13980},"when-to-use-copy",[17,13982,12966],{},[14,13984,185,13985,1671],{},[17,13986,12966],{},[25,13988,13989,13992,13995,13998],{},[28,13990,13991],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[28,13993,13994],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[28,13996,13997],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[28,13999,14000],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,14002,222],{},[58,14004,14006],{"className":60,"code":14005,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[17,14007,14008,14047,14063,14067,14087,14091,14110],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,14009,14010,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14038,14040,14042,14045],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,14011,14012],{"class":73},"settings ",[67,14014,78],{"class":77},[67,14016,10678],{"class":81},[67,14018,240],{"class":239},[67,14020,12684],{"class":243},[67,14022,240],{"class":239},[67,14024,1161],{"class":81},[67,14026,251],{"class":239},[67,14028,12693],{"class":243},[67,14030,240],{"class":239},[67,14032,89],{"class":81},[67,14034,251],{"class":239},[67,14036,14037],{"class":243},"font_size",[67,14039,240],{"class":239},[67,14041,1161],{"class":81},[67,14043,14044],{"class":85}," 14",[67,14046,9496],{"class":81},[67,14048,14049,14052,14054,14057,14059,14061],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,14050,14051],{"class":73},"settings_backup ",[67,14053,78],{"class":77},[67,14055,14056],{"class":73}," settings",[67,14058,114],{"class":81},[67,14060,13100],{"class":117},[67,14062,121],{"class":81},[67,14064,14065],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,14066,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,14068,14069,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082,14084],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,14070,14071],{"class":73},"settings",[67,14073,174],{"class":81},[67,14075,240],{"class":239},[67,14077,14037],{"class":243},[67,14079,240],{"class":239},[67,14081,13459],{"class":81},[67,14083,13462],{"class":77},[67,14085,14086],{"class":85}," 16\n",[67,14088,14089],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,14090,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,14092,14093,14095,14097,14099,14102,14104,14106,14108],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,14094,135],{"class":134},[67,14096,138],{"class":81},[67,14098,240],{"class":239},[67,14100,14101],{"class":243},"Current:",[67,14103,240],{"class":239},[67,14105,89],{"class":81},[67,14107,14056],{"class":117},[67,14109,144],{"class":81},[67,14111,14112,14114,14116,14118,14121,14123,14125,14128],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,14113,135],{"class":134},[67,14115,138],{"class":81},[67,14117,240],{"class":239},[67,14119,14120],{"class":243},"Backup:",[67,14122,240],{"class":239},[67,14124,89],{"class":81},[67,14126,14127],{"class":117}," settings_backup",[67,14129,144],{"class":81},[14,14131,14132],{},[3934,14133,159],{},[58,14135,14137],{"className":60,"code":14136,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[17,14138,14139,14177],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,14140,14141,14144,14146,14148,14150,14152,14154,14156,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14175],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,14142,14143],{"class":73},"Current",[67,14145,1161],{"class":81},[67,14147,10678],{"class":81},[67,14149,333],{"class":239},[67,14151,12684],{"class":243},[67,14153,333],{"class":239},[67,14155,1161],{"class":81},[67,14157,342],{"class":239},[67,14159,12693],{"class":243},[67,14161,333],{"class":239},[67,14163,89],{"class":81},[67,14165,342],{"class":239},[67,14167,14037],{"class":243},[67,14169,333],{"class":239},[67,14171,1161],{"class":81},[67,14173,14174],{"class":85}," 16",[67,14176,9496],{"class":81},[67,14178,14179,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,14180,14181],{"class":73},"Backup",[67,14183,1161],{"class":81},[67,14185,10678],{"class":81},[67,14187,333],{"class":239},[67,14189,12684],{"class":243},[67,14191,333],{"class":239},[67,14193,1161],{"class":81},[67,14195,342],{"class":239},[67,14197,12693],{"class":243},[67,14199,333],{"class":239},[67,14201,89],{"class":81},[67,14203,342],{"class":239},[67,14205,14037],{"class":243},[67,14207,333],{"class":239},[67,14209,1161],{"class":81},[67,14211,14044],{"class":85},[67,14213,9496],{"class":81},[14,14215,14216,14217,3068,14223,114],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[45,14218,14220],{"href":14219},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[17,14221,14222],{},"dict.update()",[45,14224,14225],{"href":13013},[17,14226,11514],{},[53,14228,14230,14232],{"id":14229},"copy-vs-assignment",[17,14231,12966],{}," vs assignment",[14,14234,14235],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,14237,8604,14238,14240,14241,14243],{},[17,14239,78],{}," does ",[3934,14242,4820],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1109,14245,14247],{"id":14246},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[58,14249,14251],{"className":60,"code":14250,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[17,14252,14253,14285,14294,14298,14318,14322,14340,14360],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,14254,14255,14257,14259,14261,14263,14265,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277,14279,14281,14283],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,14256,12275],{"class":73},[67,14258,78],{"class":77},[67,14260,10678],{"class":81},[67,14262,240],{"class":239},[67,14264,2361],{"class":243},[67,14266,240],{"class":239},[67,14268,1161],{"class":81},[67,14270,5689],{"class":85},[67,14272,89],{"class":81},[67,14274,251],{"class":239},[67,14276,11934],{"class":243},[67,14278,240],{"class":239},[67,14280,1161],{"class":81},[67,14282,3182],{"class":85},[67,14284,9496],{"class":81},[67,14286,14287,14290,14292],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,14288,14289],{"class":73},"assigned ",[67,14291,78],{"class":77},[67,14293,12313],{"class":73},[67,14295,14296],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,14297,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,14299,14300,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,14301,14302],{"class":73},"assigned",[67,14304,174],{"class":81},[67,14306,240],{"class":239},[67,14308,2361],{"class":243},[67,14310,240],{"class":239},[67,14312,13459],{"class":81},[67,14314,13462],{"class":77},[67,14316,14317],{"class":85}," 99\n",[67,14319,14320],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,14321,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,14323,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,14325,135],{"class":134},[67,14327,138],{"class":81},[67,14329,240],{"class":239},[67,14331,13480],{"class":243},[67,14333,240],{"class":239},[67,14335,89],{"class":81},[67,14337,12350],{"class":117},[67,14339,144],{"class":81},[67,14341,14342,14344,14346,14348,14351,14353,14355,14358],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,14343,135],{"class":134},[67,14345,138],{"class":81},[67,14347,240],{"class":239},[67,14349,14350],{"class":243},"Assigned:",[67,14352,240],{"class":239},[67,14354,89],{"class":81},[67,14356,14357],{"class":117}," assigned",[67,14359,144],{"class":81},[67,14361,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,14363,135],{"class":134},[67,14365,138],{"class":81},[67,14367,12275],{"class":117},[67,14369,12383],{"class":1167},[67,14371,14357],{"class":117},[67,14373,144],{"class":81},[14,14375,14376],{},[3934,14377,159],{},[58,14379,14381],{"className":60,"code":14380,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[17,14382,14383,14415,14448],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,14384,14385,14387,14389,14391,14393,14395,14397,14399,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409,14411,14413],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,14386,13522],{"class":73},[67,14388,1161],{"class":81},[67,14390,10678],{"class":81},[67,14392,333],{"class":239},[67,14394,2361],{"class":243},[67,14396,333],{"class":239},[67,14398,1161],{"class":81},[67,14400,10384],{"class":85},[67,14402,89],{"class":81},[67,14404,342],{"class":239},[67,14406,11934],{"class":243},[67,14408,333],{"class":239},[67,14410,1161],{"class":81},[67,14412,3182],{"class":85},[67,14414,9496],{"class":81},[67,14416,14417,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432,14434,14436,14438,14440,14442,14444,14446],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,14418,14419],{"class":73},"Assigned",[67,14421,1161],{"class":81},[67,14423,10678],{"class":81},[67,14425,333],{"class":239},[67,14427,2361],{"class":243},[67,14429,333],{"class":239},[67,14431,1161],{"class":81},[67,14433,10384],{"class":85},[67,14435,89],{"class":81},[67,14437,342],{"class":239},[67,14439,11934],{"class":243},[67,14441,333],{"class":239},[67,14443,1161],{"class":81},[67,14445,3182],{"class":85},[67,14447,9496],{"class":81},[67,14449,14450],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,14451,4170],{"class":4043},[1109,14453,8604,14455],{"id":14454},"using-copy",[17,14456,12966],{},[58,14458,14460],{"className":60,"code":14459,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[17,14461,14462,14494,14509,14513,14532,14536,14554,14574],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,14463,14464,14466,14468,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478,14480,14482,14484,14486,14488,14490,14492],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,14465,12275],{"class":73},[67,14467,78],{"class":77},[67,14469,10678],{"class":81},[67,14471,240],{"class":239},[67,14473,2361],{"class":243},[67,14475,240],{"class":239},[67,14477,1161],{"class":81},[67,14479,5689],{"class":85},[67,14481,89],{"class":81},[67,14483,251],{"class":239},[67,14485,11934],{"class":243},[67,14487,240],{"class":239},[67,14489,1161],{"class":81},[67,14491,3182],{"class":85},[67,14493,9496],{"class":81},[67,14495,14496,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,14497,14498],{"class":73},"copied ",[67,14500,78],{"class":77},[67,14502,12350],{"class":73},[67,14504,114],{"class":81},[67,14506,13100],{"class":117},[67,14508,121],{"class":81},[67,14510,14511],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,14512,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,14514,14515,14518,14520,14522,14524,14526,14528,14530],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,14516,14517],{"class":73},"copied",[67,14519,174],{"class":81},[67,14521,240],{"class":239},[67,14523,2361],{"class":243},[67,14525,240],{"class":239},[67,14527,13459],{"class":81},[67,14529,13462],{"class":77},[67,14531,14317],{"class":85},[67,14533,14534],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,14535,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,14537,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,14539,135],{"class":134},[67,14541,138],{"class":81},[67,14543,240],{"class":239},[67,14545,13480],{"class":243},[67,14547,240],{"class":239},[67,14549,89],{"class":81},[67,14551,12350],{"class":117},[67,14553,144],{"class":81},[67,14555,14556,14558,14560,14562,14565,14567,14569,14572],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,14557,135],{"class":134},[67,14559,138],{"class":81},[67,14561,240],{"class":239},[67,14563,14564],{"class":243},"Copied:",[67,14566,240],{"class":239},[67,14568,89],{"class":81},[67,14570,14571],{"class":117}," copied",[67,14573,144],{"class":81},[67,14575,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,14577,135],{"class":134},[67,14579,138],{"class":81},[67,14581,12275],{"class":117},[67,14583,12383],{"class":1167},[67,14585,14571],{"class":117},[67,14587,144],{"class":81},[14,14589,14590],{},[3934,14591,159],{},[58,14593,14595],{"className":60,"code":14594,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[17,14596,14597,14629,14662],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,14598,14599,14601,14603,14605,14607,14609,14611,14613,14615,14617,14619,14621,14623,14625,14627],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,14600,13522],{"class":73},[67,14602,1161],{"class":81},[67,14604,10678],{"class":81},[67,14606,333],{"class":239},[67,14608,2361],{"class":243},[67,14610,333],{"class":239},[67,14612,1161],{"class":81},[67,14614,5689],{"class":85},[67,14616,89],{"class":81},[67,14618,342],{"class":239},[67,14620,11934],{"class":243},[67,14622,333],{"class":239},[67,14624,1161],{"class":81},[67,14626,3182],{"class":85},[67,14628,9496],{"class":81},[67,14630,14631,14634,14636,14638,14640,14642,14644,14646,14648,14650,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,14632,14633],{"class":73},"Copied",[67,14635,1161],{"class":81},[67,14637,10678],{"class":81},[67,14639,333],{"class":239},[67,14641,2361],{"class":243},[67,14643,333],{"class":239},[67,14645,1161],{"class":81},[67,14647,10384],{"class":85},[67,14649,89],{"class":81},[67,14651,342],{"class":239},[67,14653,11934],{"class":243},[67,14655,333],{"class":239},[67,14657,1161],{"class":81},[67,14659,3182],{"class":85},[67,14661,9496],{"class":81},[67,14663,14664],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,14665,4231],{"class":4043},[14,14667,14668],{},"Summary:",[25,14670,14671,14677],{},[28,14672,14673,14676],{},[17,14674,14675],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[28,14678,14679,14682],{},[17,14680,14681],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[53,14684,14686],{"id":14685},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14688,14689,1161],{},[17,14690,12966],{},[25,14692,14693,14696,14699,14702],{},[28,14694,14695],{},"Returns a dictionary",[28,14697,14698],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[28,14700,14701],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[28,14703,14704],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14706,222],{},[58,14708,14710],{"className":60,"code":14709,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[17,14711,14712,14744,14760,14764,14782,14802,14806,14824],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,14713,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726,14728,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,14715,9352],{"class":73},[67,14717,78],{"class":77},[67,14719,10678],{"class":81},[67,14721,240],{"class":239},[67,14723,45],{"class":243},[67,14725,240],{"class":239},[67,14727,1161],{"class":81},[67,14729,5689],{"class":85},[67,14731,89],{"class":81},[67,14733,251],{"class":239},[67,14735,428],{"class":243},[67,14737,240],{"class":239},[67,14739,1161],{"class":81},[67,14741,3182],{"class":85},[67,14743,9496],{"class":81},[67,14745,14746,14749,14751,14754,14756,14758],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,14747,14748],{"class":73},"data_copy ",[67,14750,78],{"class":77},[67,14752,14753],{"class":73}," data",[67,14755,114],{"class":81},[67,14757,13100],{"class":117},[67,14759,121],{"class":81},[67,14761,14762],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,14763,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,14765,14766,14768,14770,14772,14774,14776,14778,14780],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,14767,9391],{"class":73},[67,14769,174],{"class":81},[67,14771,240],{"class":239},[67,14773,45],{"class":243},[67,14775,240],{"class":239},[67,14777,13459],{"class":81},[67,14779,13462],{"class":77},[67,14781,2777],{"class":85},[67,14783,14784,14787,14789,14791,14793,14795,14797,14799],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,14785,14786],{"class":73},"data_copy",[67,14788,174],{"class":81},[67,14790,240],{"class":239},[67,14792,428],{"class":243},[67,14794,240],{"class":239},[67,14796,13459],{"class":81},[67,14798,13462],{"class":77},[67,14800,14801],{"class":85}," 20\n",[67,14803,14804],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,14805,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,14807,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,14809,135],{"class":134},[67,14811,138],{"class":81},[67,14813,240],{"class":239},[67,14815,13480],{"class":243},[67,14817,240],{"class":239},[67,14819,89],{"class":81},[67,14821,14753],{"class":117},[67,14823,144],{"class":81},[67,14825,14826,14828,14830,14832,14834,14836,14838,14841],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,14827,135],{"class":134},[67,14829,138],{"class":81},[67,14831,240],{"class":239},[67,14833,13499],{"class":243},[67,14835,240],{"class":239},[67,14837,89],{"class":81},[67,14839,14840],{"class":117}," data_copy",[67,14842,144],{"class":81},[14,14844,14845],{},[3934,14846,159],{},[58,14848,14850],{"className":60,"code":14849,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[17,14851,14852,14884],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,14853,14854,14856,14858,14860,14862,14864,14866,14868,14870,14872,14874,14876,14878,14880,14882],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,14855,13522],{"class":73},[67,14857,1161],{"class":81},[67,14859,10678],{"class":81},[67,14861,333],{"class":239},[67,14863,45],{"class":243},[67,14865,333],{"class":239},[67,14867,1161],{"class":81},[67,14869,6196],{"class":85},[67,14871,89],{"class":81},[67,14873,342],{"class":239},[67,14875,428],{"class":243},[67,14877,333],{"class":239},[67,14879,1161],{"class":81},[67,14881,3182],{"class":85},[67,14883,9496],{"class":81},[67,14885,14886,14888,14890,14892,14894,14896,14898,14900,14902,14904,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,14887,13559],{"class":73},[67,14889,1161],{"class":81},[67,14891,10678],{"class":81},[67,14893,333],{"class":239},[67,14895,45],{"class":243},[67,14897,333],{"class":239},[67,14899,1161],{"class":81},[67,14901,5689],{"class":85},[67,14903,89],{"class":81},[67,14905,342],{"class":239},[67,14907,428],{"class":243},[67,14909,333],{"class":239},[67,14911,1161],{"class":81},[67,14913,92],{"class":85},[67,14915,9496],{"class":81},[53,14917,1907],{"id":1906},[14,14919,14920,14921,1161],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[17,14922,12624],{},[25,14924,14925,14932,14937,14942],{},[28,14926,8604,14927,11279,14929,14931],{},[17,14928,78],{},[17,14930,12966],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[28,14933,4768,14934,14936],{},[17,14935,12966],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[28,14938,14939,14940],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[17,14941,12966],{},[28,14943,14944],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14946,14947],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[58,14949,14951],{"className":60,"code":14950,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[17,14952,14953,14963,14973,14987,15010,15033],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,14954,14955,14957,14959,14961],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,14956,135],{"class":134},[67,14958,138],{"class":81},[67,14960,12322],{"class":117},[67,14962,144],{"class":81},[67,14964,14965,14967,14969,14971],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,14966,135],{"class":134},[67,14968,138],{"class":81},[67,14970,14517],{"class":117},[67,14972,144],{"class":81},[67,14974,14975,14977,14979,14981,14983,14985],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,14976,135],{"class":134},[67,14978,138],{"class":81},[67,14980,12275],{"class":117},[67,14982,12383],{"class":1167},[67,14984,14571],{"class":117},[67,14986,144],{"class":81},[67,14988,14989,14991,14993,14995,14997,14999,15001,15004,15006,15008],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,14990,135],{"class":134},[67,14992,138],{"class":81},[67,14994,12839],{"class":134},[67,14996,138],{"class":81},[67,14998,12322],{"class":117},[67,15000,9420],{"class":81},[67,15002,15003],{"class":134}," id",[67,15005,138],{"class":81},[67,15007,14517],{"class":117},[67,15009,1426],{"class":81},[67,15011,15012,15014,15016,15018,15020,15022,15024,15026,15029,15031],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,15013,135],{"class":134},[67,15015,138],{"class":81},[67,15017,12839],{"class":134},[67,15019,138],{"class":81},[67,15021,12322],{"class":117},[67,15023,174],{"class":81},[67,15025,240],{"class":239},[67,15027,15028],{"class":243},"key",[67,15030,240],{"class":239},[67,15032,3189],{"class":81},[67,15034,15035,15037,15039,15041,15043,15045,15047,15049,15051,15053],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,15036,135],{"class":134},[67,15038,138],{"class":81},[67,15040,12839],{"class":134},[67,15042,138],{"class":81},[67,15044,14517],{"class":117},[67,15046,174],{"class":81},[67,15048,240],{"class":239},[67,15050,15028],{"class":243},[67,15052,240],{"class":239},[67,15054,3189],{"class":81},[14,15056,15057],{},"What these help you check:",[25,15059,15060,15063,15066],{},[28,15061,15062],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[28,15064,15065],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[28,15067,15068],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,15070,15071,15072,114],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[45,15073,15075],{"href":15074},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[53,15077,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,15079,12894,15081,15083],{"id":15080},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[17,15082,12624],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,15085,15086],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1109,15088,15090,15091,15093],{"id":15089},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[17,15092,12624],{}," a deep copy?",[14,15095,15096],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1109,15098,5369,15100,961,15102,2681],{"id":15099},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[17,15101,12966],{},[17,15103,78],{},[14,15105,15106,15108,15109,15111],{},[17,15107,12966],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[17,15110,78],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1109,15113,15115],{"id":15114},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,15117,15118],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[53,15120,2094],{"id":2093},[25,15122,15123,15127,15131,15135,15142,15148],{},[28,15124,15125],{},[45,15126,11429],{"href":13215},[28,15128,15129],{},[45,15130,9342],{"href":13212},[28,15132,15133],{},[45,15134,13977],{"href":13976},[28,15136,15137],{},[45,15138,10924,15139,946],{"href":14219},[17,15140,15141],{},"update()",[28,15143,15144],{},[45,15145,10924,15146,946],{"href":13013},[17,15147,11508],{},[28,15149,15150],{},[45,15151,15152],{"href":15074},"How to copy a list in Python",[2122,15154,15155],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":15157},[15158,15159,15161,15162,15163,15164,15166,15172,15173,15174,15183],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":13184,"depth":103,"text":15160},"What the copy() method does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":13619,"depth":103,"text":13620},{"id":13980,"depth":103,"text":15165},"When to use copy()",{"id":14229,"depth":103,"text":15167,"children":15168},"copy() vs assignment",[15169,15170],{"id":14246,"depth":124,"text":14247},{"id":14454,"depth":124,"text":15171},"Using copy()",{"id":14685,"depth":103,"text":14686},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":15175},[15176,15178,15180,15182],{"id":15080,"depth":124,"text":15177},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15089,"depth":124,"text":15179},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15099,"depth":124,"text":15181},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15114,"depth":124,"text":15115},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13019,"description":15184},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15191,"title":15192,"body":15193,"description":17391,"extension":2153,"meta":17392,"navigation":127,"path":13215,"seo":17393,"stem":17394,"__hash__":17395},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15194,"toc":17353},[15195,15198,15204,15213,15215,15291,15295,15344,15347,15351,15365,15368,15372,15385,15388,15421,15435,15438,15450,15454,15457,15465,15545,15549,15602,15606,15624,15626,15708,15711,15713,15716,15719,15742,15766,15770,15778,15781,15785,15794,15799,15857,15861,15894,15900,15906,15909,15963,15967,16017,16020,16026,16029,16037,16039,16084,16089,16098,16101,16104,16151,16153,16158,16161,16255,16259,16312,16315,16371,16374,16378,16381,16395,16399,16465,16469,16494,16497,16501,16579,16583,16586,16589,16609,16612,16665,16669,16672,16675,16688,16690,16779,16786,16789,16800,16802,16805,16825,16829,16832,16841,16844,16883,16887,16889,16898,16907,16909,16947,16951,16998,17002,17023,17027,17030,17142,17147,17245,17267,17269,17273,17280,17284,17290,17294,17297,17301,17304,17311,17319,17321,17347,17350],[10,15196,15192],{"id":15197},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,15199,15200,15201,15203],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[3934,15202,9318],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,15205,15206,15207,3068,15209,114],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[45,15208,9342],{"href":9341},[45,15210,15212],{"href":15211},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[53,15214,56],{"id":55},[58,15216,15218],{"className":60,"code":15217,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[17,15219,15220,15228,15246,15260,15273,15277,15281],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,15221,15222,15224,15226],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,15223,13053],{"class":73},[67,15225,78],{"class":77},[67,15227,11681],{"class":81},[67,15229,15230,15232,15234,15236,15238,15240,15242,15244],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,15231,11686],{"class":239},[67,15233,7860],{"class":243},[67,15235,240],{"class":239},[67,15237,1161],{"class":81},[67,15239,251],{"class":239},[67,15241,986],{"class":243},[67,15243,240],{"class":239},[67,15245,11702],{"class":81},[67,15247,15248,15250,15252,15254,15256,15258],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,15249,11686],{"class":239},[67,15251,9486],{"class":243},[67,15253,240],{"class":239},[67,15255,1161],{"class":81},[67,15257,92],{"class":85},[67,15259,11702],{"class":81},[67,15261,15262,15264,15267,15269,15271],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,15263,11686],{"class":239},[67,15265,15266],{"class":243},"is_active",[67,15268,240],{"class":239},[67,15270,1161],{"class":81},[67,15272,6614],{"class":4043},[67,15274,15275],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,15276,9496],{"class":81},[67,15278,15279],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,15280,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,15282,15283,15285,15287,15289],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,15284,135],{"class":134},[67,15286,138],{"class":81},[67,15288,13812],{"class":117},[67,15290,144],{"class":81},[14,15292,15293],{},[3934,15294,159],{},[58,15296,15298],{"className":60,"code":15297,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[17,15299,15300],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,15301,15302,15304,15306,15308,15310,15312,15314,15316,15318,15320,15322,15324,15326,15328,15330,15332,15334,15336,15338,15340,15342],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,15303,9465],{"class":81},[67,15305,333],{"class":239},[67,15307,7860],{"class":243},[67,15309,333],{"class":239},[67,15311,1161],{"class":81},[67,15313,342],{"class":239},[67,15315,986],{"class":243},[67,15317,333],{"class":239},[67,15319,89],{"class":81},[67,15321,342],{"class":239},[67,15323,9486],{"class":243},[67,15325,333],{"class":239},[67,15327,1161],{"class":81},[67,15329,92],{"class":85},[67,15331,89],{"class":81},[67,15333,342],{"class":239},[67,15335,15266],{"class":243},[67,15337,333],{"class":239},[67,15339,1161],{"class":81},[67,15341,4106],{"class":4043},[67,15343,9496],{"class":81},[14,15345,15346],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[53,15348,15350],{"id":15349},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[25,15352,15353,15356,15359,15362],{},[28,15354,15355],{},"What a dictionary is",[28,15357,15358],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[28,15360,15361],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[28,15363,15364],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[53,15366,15355],{"id":15367},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,15369,9315,15370,114],{},[3934,15371,9318],{},[25,15373,15374,15380],{},[28,15375,15376,15377,15379],{},"A ",[3934,15378,15028],{}," is the label",[28,15381,15376,15382,15384],{},[3934,15383,2661],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,15386,15387],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[58,15389,15391],{"className":60,"code":15390,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[17,15392,15393,15401,15417],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,15394,15395,15397,15399],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,15396,13053],{"class":73},[67,15398,78],{"class":77},[67,15400,11681],{"class":81},[67,15402,15403,15405,15407,15409,15411,15413,15415],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,15404,11686],{"class":239},[67,15406,7860],{"class":243},[67,15408,240],{"class":239},[67,15410,1161],{"class":81},[67,15412,251],{"class":239},[67,15414,986],{"class":243},[67,15416,3547],{"class":239},[67,15418,15419],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,15420,9496],{"class":81},[25,15422,15423,15429],{},[28,15424,15425,15428],{},[17,15426,15427],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[28,15430,15431,15434],{},[17,15432,15433],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15436,15437],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[25,15439,15440,15442,15444,15447],{},[28,15441,7860],{},[28,15443,9486],{},[28,15445,15446],{},"email",[28,15448,15449],{},"country",[53,15451,15453],{"id":15452},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15455,15456],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15458,185,15459,15461,15462,114],{},[17,15460,3983],{}," and write each item as ",[17,15463,15464],{},"key: value",[58,15466,15468],{"className":60,"code":15467,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[17,15469,15470,15478,15496,15510,15527,15531,15535],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,15471,15472,15474,15476],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,15473,13053],{"class":73},[67,15475,78],{"class":77},[67,15477,11681],{"class":81},[67,15479,15480,15482,15484,15486,15488,15490,15492,15494],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,15481,11686],{"class":239},[67,15483,7860],{"class":243},[67,15485,240],{"class":239},[67,15487,1161],{"class":81},[67,15489,251],{"class":239},[67,15491,986],{"class":243},[67,15493,240],{"class":239},[67,15495,11702],{"class":81},[67,15497,15498,15500,15502,15504,15506,15508],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,15499,11686],{"class":239},[67,15501,9486],{"class":243},[67,15503,240],{"class":239},[67,15505,1161],{"class":81},[67,15507,92],{"class":85},[67,15509,11702],{"class":81},[67,15511,15512,15514,15517,15519,15521,15523,15525],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,15513,11686],{"class":239},[67,15515,15516],{"class":243},"course",[67,15518,240],{"class":239},[67,15520,1161],{"class":81},[67,15522,251],{"class":239},[67,15524,7488],{"class":243},[67,15526,3547],{"class":239},[67,15528,15529],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,15530,9496],{"class":81},[67,15532,15533],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,15534,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,15536,15537,15539,15541,15543],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,15538,135],{"class":134},[67,15540,138],{"class":81},[67,15542,13812],{"class":117},[67,15544,144],{"class":81},[14,15546,15547],{},[3934,15548,159],{},[58,15550,15552],{"className":60,"code":15551,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[17,15553,15554],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,15555,15556,15558,15560,15562,15564,15566,15568,15570,15572,15574,15576,15578,15580,15582,15584,15586,15588,15590,15592,15594,15596,15598,15600],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,15557,9465],{"class":81},[67,15559,333],{"class":239},[67,15561,7860],{"class":243},[67,15563,333],{"class":239},[67,15565,1161],{"class":81},[67,15567,342],{"class":239},[67,15569,986],{"class":243},[67,15571,333],{"class":239},[67,15573,89],{"class":81},[67,15575,342],{"class":239},[67,15577,9486],{"class":243},[67,15579,333],{"class":239},[67,15581,1161],{"class":81},[67,15583,92],{"class":85},[67,15585,89],{"class":81},[67,15587,342],{"class":239},[67,15589,15516],{"class":243},[67,15591,333],{"class":239},[67,15593,1161],{"class":81},[67,15595,342],{"class":239},[67,15597,7488],{"class":243},[67,15599,333],{"class":239},[67,15601,9496],{"class":81},[1109,15603,15605],{"id":15604},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[25,15607,15608,15613,15618,15621],{},[28,15609,185,15610,15612],{},[17,15611,3983],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[28,15614,15615,15616],{},"Write each item as ",[17,15617,15464],{},[28,15619,15620],{},"Separate items with commas",[28,15622,15623],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15625,222],{},[58,15627,15629],{"className":60,"code":15628,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[17,15630,15631,15640,15660,15676,15689,15693,15697],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,15632,15633,15636,15638],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,15634,15635],{"class":73},"book ",[67,15637,78],{"class":77},[67,15639,11681],{"class":81},[67,15641,15642,15644,15647,15649,15651,15653,15656,15658],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,15643,11686],{"class":239},[67,15645,15646],{"class":243},"title",[67,15648,240],{"class":239},[67,15650,1161],{"class":81},[67,15652,251],{"class":239},[67,15654,15655],{"class":243},"Python Basics",[67,15657,240],{"class":239},[67,15659,11702],{"class":81},[67,15661,15662,15664,15667,15669,15671,15674],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,15663,11686],{"class":239},[67,15665,15666],{"class":243},"pages",[67,15668,240],{"class":239},[67,15670,1161],{"class":81},[67,15672,15673],{"class":85}," 150",[67,15675,11702],{"class":81},[67,15677,15678,15680,15683,15685,15687],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,15679,11686],{"class":239},[67,15681,15682],{"class":243},"available",[67,15684,240],{"class":239},[67,15686,1161],{"class":81},[67,15688,6614],{"class":4043},[67,15690,15691],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,15692,9496],{"class":81},[67,15694,15695],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,15696,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,15698,15699,15701,15703,15706],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,15700,135],{"class":134},[67,15702,138],{"class":81},[67,15704,15705],{"class":117},"book",[67,15707,144],{"class":81},[14,15709,15710],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[53,15712,9590],{"id":9589},[14,15714,15715],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15717,15718],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[58,15720,15722],{"className":60,"code":15721,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[17,15723,15724,15732],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,15725,15726,15728,15730],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,15727,9352],{"class":73},[67,15729,78],{"class":77},[67,15731,10025],{"class":81},[67,15733,15734,15736,15738,15740],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,15735,135],{"class":134},[67,15737,138],{"class":81},[67,15739,9391],{"class":117},[67,15741,144],{"class":81},[58,15743,15744],{"className":60,"code":9593,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,15745,15746,15756],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,15747,15748,15750,15752,15754],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,15749,9352],{"class":73},[67,15751,78],{"class":77},[67,15753,9357],{"class":362},[67,15755,121],{"class":81},[67,15757,15758,15760,15762,15764],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,15759,135],{"class":134},[67,15761,138],{"class":81},[67,15763,9391],{"class":117},[67,15765,144],{"class":81},[14,15767,15768],{},[3934,15769,159],{},[58,15771,15772],{"className":60,"code":9622,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,15773,15774],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,15775,15776],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,15777,9622],{"class":81},[14,15779,15780],{},"Both are correct.",[1109,15782,15784],{"id":15783},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15786,15787,15789,15790,15793],{},[17,15788,3983],{}," creates an empty ",[3934,15791,15792],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15795,15796,15797,114],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[17,15798,3988],{},[58,15800,15802],{"className":60,"code":15801,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[17,15803,15804,15812,15824,15828,15842],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,15805,15806,15808,15810],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,15807,11913],{"class":73},[67,15809,78],{"class":77},[67,15811,10025],{"class":81},[67,15813,15814,15817,15819,15822],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,15815,15816],{"class":73},"my_set ",[67,15818,78],{"class":77},[67,15820,15821],{"class":362}," set",[67,15823,121],{"class":81},[67,15825,15826],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,15827,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,15829,15830,15832,15834,15836,15838,15840],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,15831,135],{"class":134},[67,15833,138],{"class":81},[67,15835,2011],{"class":362},[67,15837,138],{"class":81},[67,15839,11637],{"class":117},[67,15841,1426],{"class":81},[67,15843,15844,15846,15848,15850,15852,15855],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,15845,135],{"class":134},[67,15847,138],{"class":81},[67,15849,2011],{"class":362},[67,15851,138],{"class":81},[67,15853,15854],{"class":117},"my_set",[67,15856,1426],{"class":81},[14,15858,15859],{},[3934,15860,159],{},[58,15862,15864],{"className":60,"code":15863,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[17,15865,15866,15880],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,15867,15868,15870,15872,15874,15876,15878],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,15869,1397],{"class":77},[67,15871,3482],{"class":2254},[67,15873,342],{"class":239},[67,15875,9007],{"class":243},[67,15877,333],{"class":239},[67,15879,3491],{"class":77},[67,15881,15882,15884,15886,15888,15890,15892],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,15883,1397],{"class":77},[67,15885,3482],{"class":2254},[67,15887,342],{"class":239},[67,15889,6479],{"class":243},[67,15891,333],{"class":239},[67,15893,3491],{"class":77},[53,15895,15897,15898],{"id":15896},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[17,15899,9306],{},[14,15901,15902,15903,15905],{},"You can also use ",[17,15904,9306],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15907,15908],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[58,15910,15912],{"className":60,"code":15911,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[17,15913,15914,15953],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,15915,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924,15926,15928,15930,15932,15934,15936,15938,15940,15942,15944,15947,15949,15951],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,15917,13053],{"class":73},[67,15919,78],{"class":77},[67,15921,9357],{"class":362},[67,15923,138],{"class":81},[67,15925,7860],{"class":9362},[67,15927,78],{"class":77},[67,15929,240],{"class":239},[67,15931,986],{"class":243},[67,15933,240],{"class":239},[67,15935,89],{"class":81},[67,15937,9375],{"class":9362},[67,15939,78],{"class":77},[67,15941,1843],{"class":85},[67,15943,89],{"class":81},[67,15945,15946],{"class":9362}," active",[67,15948,78],{"class":77},[67,15950,3793],{"class":4043},[67,15952,144],{"class":81},[67,15954,15955,15957,15959,15961],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,15956,135],{"class":134},[67,15958,138],{"class":81},[67,15960,13812],{"class":117},[67,15962,144],{"class":81},[14,15964,15965],{},[3934,15966,159],{},[58,15968,15970],{"className":60,"code":15969,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[17,15971,15972],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,15973,15974,15976,15978,15980,15982,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15994,15996,15998,16000,16002,16004,16006,16009,16011,16013,16015],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,15975,9465],{"class":81},[67,15977,333],{"class":239},[67,15979,7860],{"class":243},[67,15981,333],{"class":239},[67,15983,1161],{"class":81},[67,15985,342],{"class":239},[67,15987,986],{"class":243},[67,15989,333],{"class":239},[67,15991,89],{"class":81},[67,15993,342],{"class":239},[67,15995,9486],{"class":243},[67,15997,333],{"class":239},[67,15999,1161],{"class":81},[67,16001,92],{"class":85},[67,16003,89],{"class":81},[67,16005,342],{"class":239},[67,16007,16008],{"class":243},"active",[67,16010,333],{"class":239},[67,16012,1161],{"class":81},[67,16014,4106],{"class":4043},[67,16016,9496],{"class":81},[14,16018,16019],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1109,16021,16023,16024],{"id":16022},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[17,16025,9306],{},[14,16027,16028],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[25,16030,16031,16034],{},[28,16032,16033],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[28,16035,16036],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,16038,6880],{},[58,16040,16042],{"className":60,"code":16041,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[17,16043,16044,16074],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16045,16046,16048,16050,16052,16054,16056,16058,16060,16062,16064,16066,16068,16070,16072],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16047,11676],{"class":73},[67,16049,78],{"class":77},[67,16051,9357],{"class":362},[67,16053,138],{"class":81},[67,16055,7860],{"class":9362},[67,16057,78],{"class":77},[67,16059,240],{"class":239},[67,16061,7869],{"class":243},[67,16063,240],{"class":239},[67,16065,89],{"class":81},[67,16067,9375],{"class":9362},[67,16069,78],{"class":77},[67,16071,9380],{"class":85},[67,16073,144],{"class":81},[67,16075,16076,16078,16080,16082],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,16077,135],{"class":134},[67,16079,138],{"class":81},[67,16081,11770],{"class":117},[67,16083,144],{"class":81},[14,16085,4817,16086,16088],{},[3934,16087,4820],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[58,16090,16092],{"className":60,"code":16091,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[17,16093,16094],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16095,16096],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16097,16091],{"class":3852},[14,16099,16100],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,16102,16103],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[58,16105,16107],{"className":60,"code":16106,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[17,16108,16109,16117,16133,16137,16141],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16110,16111,16113,16115],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16112,11676],{"class":73},[67,16114,78],{"class":77},[67,16116,11681],{"class":81},[67,16118,16119,16121,16123,16125,16127,16129,16131],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,16120,11686],{"class":239},[67,16122,10683],{"class":243},[67,16124,240],{"class":239},[67,16126,1161],{"class":81},[67,16128,251],{"class":239},[67,16130,7869],{"class":243},[67,16132,3547],{"class":239},[67,16134,16135],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,16136,9496],{"class":81},[67,16138,16139],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,16140,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,16142,16143,16145,16147,16149],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,16144,135],{"class":134},[67,16146,138],{"class":81},[67,16148,11770],{"class":117},[67,16150,144],{"class":81},[53,16152,9632],{"id":9631},[14,16154,16155,16157],{},[17,16156,9306],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,16159,16160],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[58,16162,16164],{"className":60,"code":16163,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[17,16165,16166,16223,16227,16241,16245],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16167,16168,16170,16172,16174,16176,16178,16180,16182,16184,16186,16188,16190,16192,16194,16196,16198,16200,16202,16204,16206,16208,16210,16212,16214,16216,16219,16221],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16169,9402],{"class":73},[67,16171,78],{"class":77},[67,16173,9407],{"class":81},[67,16175,240],{"class":239},[67,16177,7860],{"class":243},[67,16179,240],{"class":239},[67,16181,89],{"class":81},[67,16183,251],{"class":239},[67,16185,986],{"class":243},[67,16187,240],{"class":239},[67,16189,9420],{"class":81},[67,16191,9423],{"class":81},[67,16193,240],{"class":239},[67,16195,9486],{"class":243},[67,16197,240],{"class":239},[67,16199,89],{"class":81},[67,16201,92],{"class":85},[67,16203,9420],{"class":81},[67,16205,9423],{"class":81},[67,16207,240],{"class":239},[67,16209,10596],{"class":243},[67,16211,240],{"class":239},[67,16213,89],{"class":81},[67,16215,251],{"class":239},[67,16217,16218],{"class":243},"Lima",[67,16220,240],{"class":239},[67,16222,9436],{"class":81},[67,16224,16225],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,16226,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,16228,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237,16239],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,16230,13053],{"class":73},[67,16232,78],{"class":77},[67,16234,9357],{"class":362},[67,16236,138],{"class":81},[67,16238,9449],{"class":117},[67,16240,144],{"class":81},[67,16242,16243],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,16244,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,16246,16247,16249,16251,16253],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,16248,135],{"class":134},[67,16250,138],{"class":81},[67,16252,13812],{"class":117},[67,16254,144],{"class":81},[14,16256,16257],{},[3934,16258,159],{},[58,16260,16262],{"className":60,"code":16261,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[17,16263,16264],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16265,16266,16268,16270,16272,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290,16292,16294,16296,16298,16300,16302,16304,16306,16308,16310],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16267,9465],{"class":81},[67,16269,333],{"class":239},[67,16271,7860],{"class":243},[67,16273,333],{"class":239},[67,16275,1161],{"class":81},[67,16277,342],{"class":239},[67,16279,986],{"class":243},[67,16281,333],{"class":239},[67,16283,89],{"class":81},[67,16285,342],{"class":239},[67,16287,9486],{"class":243},[67,16289,333],{"class":239},[67,16291,1161],{"class":81},[67,16293,92],{"class":85},[67,16295,89],{"class":81},[67,16297,342],{"class":239},[67,16299,10596],{"class":243},[67,16301,333],{"class":239},[67,16303,1161],{"class":81},[67,16305,342],{"class":239},[67,16307,16218],{"class":243},[67,16309,333],{"class":239},[67,16311,9496],{"class":81},[14,16313,16314],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[58,16316,16318],{"className":60,"code":16317,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[17,16319,16320,16361],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16321,16322,16324,16326,16328,16331,16333,16335,16337,16339,16341,16343,16345,16347,16349,16351,16353,16355,16357,16359],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16323,13053],{"class":73},[67,16325,78],{"class":77},[67,16327,9357],{"class":362},[67,16329,16330],{"class":81},"(((",[67,16332,240],{"class":239},[67,16334,7860],{"class":243},[67,16336,240],{"class":239},[67,16338,89],{"class":81},[67,16340,251],{"class":239},[67,16342,986],{"class":243},[67,16344,240],{"class":239},[67,16346,9420],{"class":81},[67,16348,9423],{"class":81},[67,16350,240],{"class":239},[67,16352,9486],{"class":243},[67,16354,240],{"class":239},[67,16356,89],{"class":81},[67,16358,92],{"class":85},[67,16360,3102],{"class":81},[67,16362,16363,16365,16367,16369],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,16364,135],{"class":134},[67,16366,138],{"class":81},[67,16368,13812],{"class":117},[67,16370,144],{"class":81},[14,16372,16373],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[53,16375,16377],{"id":16376},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,16379,16380],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[25,16382,16383,16386,16389,16392],{},[28,16384,16385],{},"Keys must be unique",[28,16387,16388],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[28,16390,16391],{},"Values can repeat",[28,16393,16394],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1109,16396,16398],{"id":16397},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[58,16400,16402],{"className":60,"code":16401,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,16403,16404,16412,16430,16447,16451,16455],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16405,16406,16408,16410],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16407,9352],{"class":73},[67,16409,78],{"class":77},[67,16411,11681],{"class":81},[67,16413,16414,16416,16418,16420,16422,16424,16426,16428],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,16415,11686],{"class":239},[67,16417,7860],{"class":243},[67,16419,240],{"class":239},[67,16421,1161],{"class":81},[67,16423,251],{"class":239},[67,16425,986],{"class":243},[67,16427,240],{"class":239},[67,16429,11702],{"class":81},[67,16431,16432,16434,16436,16438,16440,16442,16445],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,16433,11686],{"class":239},[67,16435,7860],{"class":243},[67,16437,240],{"class":239},[67,16439,1161],{"class":81},[67,16441,251],{"class":239},[67,16443,16444],{"class":243},"Maria",[67,16446,3547],{"class":239},[67,16448,16449],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,16450,9496],{"class":81},[67,16452,16453],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,16454,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,16456,16457,16459,16461,16463],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,16458,135],{"class":134},[67,16460,138],{"class":81},[67,16462,9391],{"class":117},[67,16464,144],{"class":81},[14,16466,16467],{},[3934,16468,159],{},[58,16470,16472],{"className":60,"code":16471,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[17,16473,16474],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16475,16476,16478,16480,16482,16484,16486,16488,16490,16492],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16477,9465],{"class":81},[67,16479,333],{"class":239},[67,16481,7860],{"class":243},[67,16483,333],{"class":239},[67,16485,1161],{"class":81},[67,16487,342],{"class":239},[67,16489,16444],{"class":243},[67,16491,333],{"class":239},[67,16493,9496],{"class":81},[14,16495,16496],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1109,16498,16500],{"id":16499},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[58,16502,16504],{"className":60,"code":16503,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[17,16505,16506,16514,16530,16546,16560,16564,16568],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16507,16508,16510,16512],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16509,5252],{"class":73},[67,16511,78],{"class":77},[67,16513,11681],{"class":81},[67,16515,16516,16519,16521,16523,16526,16528],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,16517,16518],{"class":85},"    1",[67,16520,1161],{"class":81},[67,16522,251],{"class":239},[67,16524,16525],{"class":243},"low",[67,16527,240],{"class":239},[67,16529,11702],{"class":81},[67,16531,16532,16535,16537,16539,16542,16544],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,16533,16534],{"class":85},"    2",[67,16536,1161],{"class":81},[67,16538,251],{"class":239},[67,16540,16541],{"class":243},"medium",[67,16543,240],{"class":239},[67,16545,11702],{"class":81},[67,16547,16548,16551,16553,16555,16558],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,16549,16550],{"class":85},"    3",[67,16552,1161],{"class":81},[67,16554,251],{"class":239},[67,16556,16557],{"class":243},"high",[67,16559,3547],{"class":239},[67,16561,16562],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,16563,9496],{"class":81},[67,16565,16566],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,16567,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,16569,16570,16572,16574,16577],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,16571,135],{"class":134},[67,16573,138],{"class":81},[67,16575,16576],{"class":117},"scores",[67,16578,144],{"class":81},[1109,16580,16582],{"id":16581},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16584,16585],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16587,16588],{},"This will cause an error:",[58,16590,16592],{"className":60,"code":16591,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[17,16593,16594,16599,16604],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16595,16596],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16597,16598],{"class":3852},"# bad = {\n",[67,16600,16601],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,16602,16603],{"class":3852},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[67,16605,16606],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,16607,16608],{"class":3852},"# }\n",[14,16610,16611],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[58,16613,16615],{"className":60,"code":16614,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[17,16616,16617,16626,16646,16650,16654],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16618,16619,16622,16624],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16620,16621],{"class":73},"good ",[67,16623,78],{"class":77},[67,16625,11681],{"class":81},[67,16627,16628,16631,16633,16635,16637,16640,16642,16644],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,16629,16630],{"class":81},"    (",[67,16632,464],{"class":85},[67,16634,89],{"class":81},[67,16636,3182],{"class":85},[67,16638,16639],{"class":81},"):",[67,16641,251],{"class":239},[67,16643,154],{"class":243},[67,16645,3547],{"class":239},[67,16647,16648],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,16649,9496],{"class":81},[67,16651,16652],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,16653,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,16655,16656,16658,16660,16663],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,16657,135],{"class":134},[67,16659,138],{"class":81},[67,16661,16662],{"class":117},"good",[67,16664,144],{"class":81},[53,16666,16668],{"id":16667},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16670,16671],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16673,16674],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[25,16676,16677,16680,16682,16685],{},[28,16678,16679],{},"user data",[28,16681,14071],{},[28,16683,16684],{},"counters",[28,16686,16687],{},"lookups",[14,16689,222],{},[58,16691,16693],{"className":60,"code":16692,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[17,16694,16695,16703,16722,16741,16753,16757,16761],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16696,16697,16699,16701],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16698,11676],{"class":73},[67,16700,78],{"class":77},[67,16702,11681],{"class":81},[67,16704,16705,16707,16709,16711,16713,16715,16718,16720],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,16706,11686],{"class":239},[67,16708,8174],{"class":243},[67,16710,240],{"class":239},[67,16712,1161],{"class":81},[67,16714,251],{"class":239},[67,16716,16717],{"class":243},"ana123",[67,16719,240],{"class":239},[67,16721,11702],{"class":81},[67,16723,16724,16726,16728,16730,16732,16734,16737,16739],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,16725,11686],{"class":239},[67,16727,15446],{"class":243},[67,16729,240],{"class":239},[67,16731,1161],{"class":81},[67,16733,251],{"class":239},[67,16735,16736],{"class":243},"ana@example.com",[67,16738,240],{"class":239},[67,16740,11702],{"class":81},[67,16742,16743,16745,16747,16749,16751],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,16744,11686],{"class":239},[67,16746,12704],{"class":243},[67,16748,240],{"class":239},[67,16750,1161],{"class":81},[67,16752,6614],{"class":4043},[67,16754,16755],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,16756,9496],{"class":81},[67,16758,16759],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,16760,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,16762,16763,16765,16767,16769,16771,16773,16775,16777],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,16764,135],{"class":134},[67,16766,138],{"class":81},[67,16768,11770],{"class":117},[67,16770,174],{"class":81},[67,16772,240],{"class":239},[67,16774,15446],{"class":243},[67,16776,240],{"class":239},[67,16778,376],{"class":81},[14,16780,16781,16782,114],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[45,16783,16785],{"href":16784},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16787,16788],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[25,16790,16791,16794,16797],{},[28,16792,16793],{},"labels are not needed",[28,16795,16796],{},"you mostly care about position",[28,16798,16799],{},"order matters more than named fields",[53,16801,1907],{"id":1906},[14,16803,16804],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[25,16806,16807,16810,16813,16816,16819],{},[28,16808,16809],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[28,16811,16812],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[28,16814,16815],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[28,16817,16818],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[28,16820,16821,16822,16824],{},"Mixing up ",[17,16823,3983],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1109,16826,16828],{"id":16827},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16830,16831],{},"Wrong:",[58,16833,16835],{"className":60,"code":16834,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[17,16836,16837],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16838,16839],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16840,16834],{"class":3852},[14,16842,16843],{},"Correct:",[58,16845,16847],{"className":60,"code":16846,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[17,16848,16849,16873],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16850,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16852,13053],{"class":73},[67,16854,78],{"class":77},[67,16856,10678],{"class":81},[67,16858,240],{"class":239},[67,16860,7860],{"class":243},[67,16862,240],{"class":239},[67,16864,1161],{"class":81},[67,16866,251],{"class":239},[67,16868,986],{"class":243},[67,16870,240],{"class":239},[67,16872,9496],{"class":81},[67,16874,16875,16877,16879,16881],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,16876,135],{"class":134},[67,16878,138],{"class":81},[67,16880,13812],{"class":117},[67,16882,144],{"class":81},[1109,16884,16886],{"id":16885},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16888,16831],{},[58,16890,16892],{"className":60,"code":16891,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[17,16893,16894],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16895,16896],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16897,16891],{"class":3852},[14,16899,16900,16901,16903,16904,16906],{},"This only works if ",[17,16902,7860],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[17,16905,15427],{},", use quotes.",[14,16908,16843],{},[58,16910,16911],{"className":60,"code":16846,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,16912,16913,16937],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16914,16915,16917,16919,16921,16923,16925,16927,16929,16931,16933,16935],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16916,13053],{"class":73},[67,16918,78],{"class":77},[67,16920,10678],{"class":81},[67,16922,240],{"class":239},[67,16924,7860],{"class":243},[67,16926,240],{"class":239},[67,16928,1161],{"class":81},[67,16930,251],{"class":239},[67,16932,986],{"class":243},[67,16934,240],{"class":239},[67,16936,9496],{"class":81},[67,16938,16939,16941,16943,16945],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,16940,135],{"class":134},[67,16942,138],{"class":81},[67,16944,13812],{"class":117},[67,16946,144],{"class":81},[1109,16948,16950],{"id":16949},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[58,16952,16954],{"className":60,"code":16953,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[17,16955,16956,16988],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,16957,16958,16960,16962,16964,16966,16968,16970,16972,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984,16986],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,16959,9352],{"class":73},[67,16961,78],{"class":77},[67,16963,10678],{"class":81},[67,16965,240],{"class":239},[67,16967,9486],{"class":243},[67,16969,240],{"class":239},[67,16971,1161],{"class":81},[67,16973,92],{"class":85},[67,16975,89],{"class":81},[67,16977,251],{"class":239},[67,16979,9486],{"class":243},[67,16981,240],{"class":239},[67,16983,1161],{"class":81},[67,16985,97],{"class":85},[67,16987,9496],{"class":81},[67,16989,16990,16992,16994,16996],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,16991,135],{"class":134},[67,16993,138],{"class":81},[67,16995,9391],{"class":117},[67,16997,144],{"class":81},[14,16999,17000],{},[3934,17001,159],{},[58,17003,17005],{"className":60,"code":17004,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'age': 30}\n",[17,17006,17007],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,17008,17009,17011,17013,17015,17017,17019,17021],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,17010,9465],{"class":81},[67,17012,333],{"class":239},[67,17014,9486],{"class":243},[67,17016,333],{"class":239},[67,17018,1161],{"class":81},[67,17020,97],{"class":85},[67,17022,9496],{"class":81},[53,17024,17026],{"id":17025},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,17028,17029],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[58,17031,17033],{"className":60,"code":17032,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[17,17034,17035,17071,17075,17085,17099,17114,17128],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,17036,17037,17039,17041,17043,17045,17047,17049,17051,17053,17055,17057,17059,17061,17063,17065,17067,17069],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,17038,11913],{"class":73},[67,17040,78],{"class":77},[67,17042,10678],{"class":81},[67,17044,240],{"class":239},[67,17046,7860],{"class":243},[67,17048,240],{"class":239},[67,17050,1161],{"class":81},[67,17052,251],{"class":239},[67,17054,986],{"class":243},[67,17056,240],{"class":239},[67,17058,89],{"class":81},[67,17060,251],{"class":239},[67,17062,9486],{"class":243},[67,17064,240],{"class":239},[67,17066,1161],{"class":81},[67,17068,92],{"class":85},[67,17070,9496],{"class":81},[67,17072,17073],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,17074,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,17076,17077,17079,17081,17083],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,17078,135],{"class":134},[67,17080,138],{"class":81},[67,17082,11637],{"class":117},[67,17084,144],{"class":81},[67,17086,17087,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,17088,135],{"class":134},[67,17090,138],{"class":81},[67,17092,2011],{"class":362},[67,17094,138],{"class":81},[67,17096,11637],{"class":117},[67,17098,1426],{"class":81},[67,17100,17101,17103,17105,17107,17109,17112],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,17102,135],{"class":134},[67,17104,138],{"class":81},[67,17106,11637],{"class":117},[67,17108,114],{"class":81},[67,17110,17111],{"class":117},"keys",[67,17113,1239],{"class":81},[67,17115,17116,17118,17120,17122,17124,17126],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,17117,135],{"class":134},[67,17119,138],{"class":81},[67,17121,11637],{"class":117},[67,17123,114],{"class":81},[67,17125,5549],{"class":117},[67,17127,1239],{"class":81},[67,17129,17130,17132,17134,17136,17138,17140],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,17131,135],{"class":134},[67,17133,138],{"class":81},[67,17135,1964],{"class":134},[67,17137,138],{"class":81},[67,17139,11637],{"class":117},[67,17141,1426],{"class":81},[14,17143,17144],{},[3934,17145,17146],{},"Example output:",[58,17148,17150],{"className":60,"code":17149,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[17,17151,17152,17184,17198,17221,17240],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,17153,17154,17156,17158,17160,17162,17164,17166,17168,17170,17172,17174,17176,17178,17180,17182],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,17155,9465],{"class":81},[67,17157,333],{"class":239},[67,17159,7860],{"class":243},[67,17161,333],{"class":239},[67,17163,1161],{"class":81},[67,17165,342],{"class":239},[67,17167,986],{"class":243},[67,17169,333],{"class":239},[67,17171,89],{"class":81},[67,17173,342],{"class":239},[67,17175,9486],{"class":243},[67,17177,333],{"class":239},[67,17179,1161],{"class":81},[67,17181,92],{"class":85},[67,17183,9496],{"class":81},[67,17185,17186,17188,17190,17192,17194,17196],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,17187,1397],{"class":77},[67,17189,3482],{"class":2254},[67,17191,342],{"class":239},[67,17193,9007],{"class":243},[67,17195,333],{"class":239},[67,17197,3491],{"class":77},[67,17199,17200,17203,17205,17207,17209,17211,17213,17215,17217,17219],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,17201,17202],{"class":117},"dict_keys",[67,17204,370],{"class":81},[67,17206,333],{"class":239},[67,17208,7860],{"class":243},[67,17210,333],{"class":239},[67,17212,89],{"class":81},[67,17214,342],{"class":239},[67,17216,9486],{"class":243},[67,17218,333],{"class":239},[67,17220,376],{"class":81},[67,17222,17223,17226,17228,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,17224,17225],{"class":117},"dict_values",[67,17227,370],{"class":81},[67,17229,333],{"class":239},[67,17231,986],{"class":243},[67,17233,333],{"class":239},[67,17235,89],{"class":81},[67,17237,92],{"class":85},[67,17239,376],{"class":81},[67,17241,17242],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,17243,17244],{"class":85},"2\n",[14,17246,17247,17248,1550,17254,17260,17261,114],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[45,17249,10924,17251],{"href":17250},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[17,17252,17253],{},"keys()",[45,17255,10924,17257],{"href":17256},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[17,17258,17259],{},"values()",", and ",[45,17262,10924,17264],{"href":17263},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[17,17265,17266],{},"items()",[53,17268,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,17270,17272],{"id":17271},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,17274,185,17275,3068,17277,17279],{},[17,17276,3983],{},[17,17278,9306],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1109,17281,17283],{"id":17282},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,17285,17286,17287,114],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[17,17288,17289],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1109,17291,17293],{"id":17292},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,17295,17296],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1109,17298,17300],{"id":17299},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,17302,17303],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1109,17305,5369,17307,961,17309,2681],{"id":17306},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[17,17308,3983],{},[17,17310,9306],{},[14,17312,17313,17315,17316,17318],{},[17,17314,3983],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[17,17317,9306],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[53,17320,2094],{"id":2093},[25,17322,17323,17327,17333,17337,17343],{},[28,17324,17325],{},[45,17326,9342],{"href":9341},[28,17328,17329],{},[45,17330,10924,17331,946],{"href":10923},[17,17332,10927],{},[28,17334,17335],{},[45,17336,11438],{"href":10918},[28,17338,17339],{},[45,17340,17342],{"href":17341},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[28,17344,17345],{},[45,17346,11449],{"href":11261},[14,17348,17349],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2122,17351,17352],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":17354},[17355,17356,17357,17358,17361,17364,17369,17370,17375,17376,17381,17382,17390],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":15349,"depth":103,"text":15350},{"id":15367,"depth":103,"text":15355},{"id":15452,"depth":103,"text":15453,"children":17359},[17360],{"id":15604,"depth":124,"text":15605},{"id":9589,"depth":103,"text":9590,"children":17362},[17363],{"id":15783,"depth":124,"text":15784},{"id":15896,"depth":103,"text":17365,"children":17366},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17367],{"id":16022,"depth":124,"text":17368},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9631,"depth":103,"text":9632},{"id":16376,"depth":103,"text":16377,"children":17371},[17372,17373,17374],{"id":16397,"depth":124,"text":16398},{"id":16499,"depth":124,"text":16500},{"id":16581,"depth":124,"text":16582},{"id":16667,"depth":103,"text":16668},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":17377},[17378,17379,17380],{"id":16827,"depth":124,"text":16828},{"id":16885,"depth":124,"text":16886},{"id":16949,"depth":124,"text":16950},{"id":17025,"depth":103,"text":17026},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":17383},[17384,17385,17386,17387,17388],{"id":17271,"depth":124,"text":17272},{"id":17282,"depth":124,"text":17283},{"id":17292,"depth":124,"text":17293},{"id":17299,"depth":124,"text":17300},{"id":17306,"depth":124,"text":17389},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15192,"description":17391},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17397,"title":17398,"body":17399,"description":19848,"extension":2153,"meta":19849,"navigation":127,"path":19850,"seo":19851,"stem":19852,"__hash__":19853},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17400,"toc":19804},[17401,17407,17413,17416,17419,17421,17503,17509,17514,17518,17536,17548,17553,17557,17580,17584,17596,17604,17608,17614,17616,17619,17692,17694,17739,17741,17758,17763,17769,17774,17848,17850,17895,17898,17909,17911,18030,18032,18085,18092,18096,18099,18116,18122,18126,18224,18226,18278,18285,18289,18295,18298,18301,18328,18333,18337,18340,18444,18446,18491,18494,18497,18502,18507,18518,18520,18581,18641,18647,18655,18661,18666,18671,18731,18735,18802,18805,18809,18880,18883,18896,18903,18905,18909,18913,18984,18986,19023,19026,19029,19092,19099,19102,19144,19154,19157,19226,19232,19237,19321,19323,19372,19379,19385,19430,19432,19465,19470,19474,19480,19519,19563,19631,19674,19676,19682,19685,19689,19694,19698,19701,19705,19707,19768,19770,19796,19801],[10,17402,11505,17404,11509],{"id":17403},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[17,17405,17406],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17408,17409,17412],{},[17,17410,17411],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17414,17415],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17417,17418],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[53,17420,56],{"id":55},[58,17422,17424],{"className":60,"code":17423,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[17,17425,17426,17459,17487,17498],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,17427,17428,17431,17433,17435,17437,17439,17441,17443,17445,17447,17449,17451,17453,17455,17457],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,17429,17430],{"class":73},"keys ",[67,17432,78],{"class":77},[67,17434,82],{"class":81},[67,17436,240],{"class":239},[67,17438,7860],{"class":243},[67,17440,240],{"class":239},[67,17442,89],{"class":81},[67,17444,251],{"class":239},[67,17446,9486],{"class":243},[67,17448,240],{"class":239},[67,17450,89],{"class":81},[67,17452,251],{"class":239},[67,17454,10596],{"class":243},[67,17456,240],{"class":239},[67,17458,100],{"class":81},[67,17460,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480,17483,17485],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,17462,13390],{"class":73},[67,17464,78],{"class":77},[67,17466,9357],{"class":362},[67,17468,114],{"class":81},[67,17470,17471],{"class":117},"fromkeys",[67,17473,138],{"class":81},[67,17475,17111],{"class":117},[67,17477,89],{"class":81},[67,17479,251],{"class":239},[67,17481,17482],{"class":243},"unknown",[67,17484,240],{"class":239},[67,17486,144],{"class":81},[67,17488,17489,17491,17493,17496],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,17490,135],{"class":134},[67,17492,138],{"class":81},[67,17494,17495],{"class":117},"person",[67,17497,144],{"class":81},[67,17499,17500],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,17501,17502],{"class":3852},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17504,185,17505,17508],{},[17,17506,17507],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[53,17510,3867,17512,3870],{"id":17511},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[17,17513,17411],{},[14,17515,17516,1161],{},[17,17517,17411],{},[25,17519,17520,17523,17526,17529],{},[28,17521,17522],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[28,17524,17525],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[28,17527,17528],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[28,17530,17531,17532,17535],{},"Is called as ",[17,17533,17534],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17537,17538,17539,17541,17542,17544,17545,114],{},"This is a class method on ",[17,17540,9007],{},", so you write ",[17,17543,17534],{}," instead of something like ",[17,17546,17547],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17549,17550,17551,114],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[45,17552,9342],{"href":13212},[53,17554,17556],{"id":17555},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[58,17558,17560],{"className":60,"code":17559,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[17,17561,17562],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,17563,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,17565,9007],{"class":362},[67,17567,114],{"class":81},[67,17569,17471],{"class":117},[67,17571,138],{"class":81},[67,17573,3911],{"class":117},[67,17575,89],{"class":81},[67,17577,8620],{"class":117},[67,17579,144],{"class":81},[1109,17581,17583],{"id":17582},"parameters","Parameters",[25,17585,17586,17591],{},[28,17587,17588,17590],{},[17,17589,3911],{},": the keys to use",[28,17592,17593,17595],{},[17,17594,2661],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17597,17598,17599,17601,17602,114],{},"If you leave out ",[17,17600,2661],{},", each key gets ",[17,17603,1103],{},[1109,17605,17607],{"id":17606},"return-value","Return value",[14,17609,17610,17611,114],{},"It returns a ",[3934,17612,17613],{},"new dictionary",[53,17615,5979],{"id":5978},[14,17617,17618],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[58,17620,17622],{"className":60,"code":17621,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,17623,17624,17656,17678,17682],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,17625,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652,17654],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,17627,17430],{"class":73},[67,17629,78],{"class":77},[67,17631,82],{"class":81},[67,17633,240],{"class":239},[67,17635,244],{"class":243},[67,17637,240],{"class":239},[67,17639,89],{"class":81},[67,17641,251],{"class":239},[67,17643,254],{"class":243},[67,17645,240],{"class":239},[67,17647,89],{"class":81},[67,17649,251],{"class":239},[67,17651,263],{"class":243},[67,17653,240],{"class":239},[67,17655,100],{"class":81},[67,17657,17658,17660,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,17659,232],{"class":73},[67,17661,78],{"class":77},[67,17663,9357],{"class":362},[67,17665,114],{"class":81},[67,17667,17471],{"class":117},[67,17669,138],{"class":81},[67,17671,17111],{"class":117},[67,17673,89],{"class":81},[67,17675,1388],{"class":85},[67,17677,144],{"class":81},[67,17679,17680],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,17681,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,17683,17684,17686,17688,17690],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,17685,135],{"class":134},[67,17687,138],{"class":81},[67,17689,312],{"class":117},[67,17691,144],{"class":81},[14,17693,159],{},[58,17695,17697],{"className":60,"code":17696,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[17,17698,17699],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,17700,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721,17723,17725,17727,17729,17731,17733,17735,17737],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,17702,9465],{"class":81},[67,17704,333],{"class":239},[67,17706,244],{"class":243},[67,17708,333],{"class":239},[67,17710,1161],{"class":81},[67,17712,1388],{"class":85},[67,17714,89],{"class":81},[67,17716,342],{"class":239},[67,17718,254],{"class":243},[67,17720,333],{"class":239},[67,17722,1161],{"class":81},[67,17724,1388],{"class":85},[67,17726,89],{"class":81},[67,17728,342],{"class":239},[67,17730,263],{"class":243},[67,17732,333],{"class":239},[67,17734,1161],{"class":81},[67,17736,1388],{"class":85},[67,17738,9496],{"class":81},[14,17740,11872],{},[25,17742,17743,17748,17753],{},[28,17744,17745,17747],{},[17,17746,17111],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[28,17749,17750,17752],{},[17,17751,1031],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[28,17754,17755,17757],{},[17,17756,17411],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17759,17760,17761,114],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[45,17762,9579],{"href":13215},[53,17764,8604,17766,17768],{"id":17765},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[17,17767,17406],{}," without a value",[14,17770,17771,17772,114],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[17,17773,1103],{},[58,17775,17777],{"className":60,"code":17776,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[17,17778,17779,17813,17833,17837],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,17780,17781,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17796,17798,17800,17802,17804,17806,17809,17811],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,17782,17783],{"class":73},"fields ",[67,17785,78],{"class":77},[67,17787,82],{"class":81},[67,17789,240],{"class":239},[67,17791,8174],{"class":243},[67,17793,240],{"class":239},[67,17795,89],{"class":81},[67,17797,251],{"class":239},[67,17799,15446],{"class":243},[67,17801,240],{"class":239},[67,17803,89],{"class":81},[67,17805,251],{"class":239},[67,17807,17808],{"class":243},"password",[67,17810,240],{"class":239},[67,17812,100],{"class":81},[67,17814,17815,17818,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17831],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,17816,17817],{"class":73},"user_data ",[67,17819,78],{"class":77},[67,17821,9357],{"class":362},[67,17823,114],{"class":81},[67,17825,17471],{"class":117},[67,17827,138],{"class":81},[67,17829,17830],{"class":117},"fields",[67,17832,144],{"class":81},[67,17834,17835],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,17836,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,17838,17839,17841,17843,17846],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,17840,135],{"class":134},[67,17842,138],{"class":81},[67,17844,17845],{"class":117},"user_data",[67,17847,144],{"class":81},[14,17849,159],{},[58,17851,17853],{"className":60,"code":17852,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[17,17854,17855],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,17856,17857,17859,17861,17863,17865,17867,17869,17871,17873,17875,17877,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,17858,9465],{"class":81},[67,17860,333],{"class":239},[67,17862,8174],{"class":243},[67,17864,333],{"class":239},[67,17866,1161],{"class":81},[67,17868,4044],{"class":4043},[67,17870,89],{"class":81},[67,17872,342],{"class":239},[67,17874,15446],{"class":243},[67,17876,333],{"class":239},[67,17878,1161],{"class":81},[67,17880,4044],{"class":4043},[67,17882,89],{"class":81},[67,17884,342],{"class":239},[67,17886,17808],{"class":243},[67,17888,333],{"class":239},[67,17890,1161],{"class":81},[67,17892,4044],{"class":4043},[67,17894,9496],{"class":81},[14,17896,17897],{},"This is useful when:",[25,17899,17900,17903,17906],{},[28,17901,17902],{},"You want to create the keys first",[28,17904,17905],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[28,17907,17908],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17910,222],{},[58,17912,17914],{"className":60,"code":17913,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[17,17915,17916,17948,17966,17970,17993,18016,18020],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,17917,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,17919,17783],{"class":73},[67,17921,78],{"class":77},[67,17923,82],{"class":81},[67,17925,240],{"class":239},[67,17927,8174],{"class":243},[67,17929,240],{"class":239},[67,17931,89],{"class":81},[67,17933,251],{"class":239},[67,17935,15446],{"class":243},[67,17937,240],{"class":239},[67,17939,89],{"class":81},[67,17941,251],{"class":239},[67,17943,17808],{"class":243},[67,17945,240],{"class":239},[67,17947,100],{"class":81},[67,17949,17950,17952,17954,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,17951,17817],{"class":73},[67,17953,78],{"class":77},[67,17955,9357],{"class":362},[67,17957,114],{"class":81},[67,17959,17471],{"class":117},[67,17961,138],{"class":81},[67,17963,17830],{"class":117},[67,17965,144],{"class":81},[67,17967,17968],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,17969,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,17971,17972,17974,17976,17978,17980,17982,17984,17986,17988,17991],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,17973,17845],{"class":73},[67,17975,174],{"class":81},[67,17977,240],{"class":239},[67,17979,8174],{"class":243},[67,17981,240],{"class":239},[67,17983,13459],{"class":81},[67,17985,13462],{"class":77},[67,17987,251],{"class":239},[67,17989,17990],{"class":243},"alice",[67,17992,3547],{"class":239},[67,17994,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009,18011,18014],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,17996,17845],{"class":73},[67,17998,174],{"class":81},[67,18000,240],{"class":239},[67,18002,15446],{"class":243},[67,18004,240],{"class":239},[67,18006,13459],{"class":81},[67,18008,13462],{"class":77},[67,18010,251],{"class":239},[67,18012,18013],{"class":243},"alice@example.com",[67,18015,3547],{"class":239},[67,18017,18018],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,18019,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,18021,18022,18024,18026,18028],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,18023,135],{"class":134},[67,18025,138],{"class":81},[67,18027,17845],{"class":117},[67,18029,144],{"class":81},[14,18031,159],{},[58,18033,18035],{"className":60,"code":18034,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[17,18036,18037],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,18038,18039,18041,18043,18045,18047,18049,18051,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,18040,9465],{"class":81},[67,18042,333],{"class":239},[67,18044,8174],{"class":243},[67,18046,333],{"class":239},[67,18048,1161],{"class":81},[67,18050,342],{"class":239},[67,18052,17990],{"class":243},[67,18054,333],{"class":239},[67,18056,89],{"class":81},[67,18058,342],{"class":239},[67,18060,15446],{"class":243},[67,18062,333],{"class":239},[67,18064,1161],{"class":81},[67,18066,342],{"class":239},[67,18068,18013],{"class":243},[67,18070,333],{"class":239},[67,18072,89],{"class":81},[67,18074,342],{"class":239},[67,18076,17808],{"class":243},[67,18078,333],{"class":239},[67,18080,1161],{"class":81},[67,18082,4044],{"class":4043},[67,18084,9496],{"class":81},[14,18086,18087,18088,114],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[45,18089,18091],{"href":18090},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[53,18093,18095],{"id":18094},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,18097,18098],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[25,18100,18101,18106,18111],{},[28,18102,18103,18105],{},[17,18104,3978],{}," (list)",[28,18107,18108,18110],{},[17,18109,3983],{}," (dictionary)",[28,18112,18113,18115],{},[17,18114,3988],{}," (set)",[14,18117,18118,18119,114],{},"All keys will point to the ",[3934,18120,18121],{},"same object",[1109,18123,18125],{"id":18124},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[58,18127,18129],{"className":60,"code":18128,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,18130,18131,18163,18184,18188,18210,18214],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,18132,18133,18135,18137,18139,18141,18143,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157,18159,18161],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,18134,17430],{"class":73},[67,18136,78],{"class":77},[67,18138,82],{"class":81},[67,18140,240],{"class":239},[67,18142,45],{"class":243},[67,18144,240],{"class":239},[67,18146,89],{"class":81},[67,18148,251],{"class":239},[67,18150,428],{"class":243},[67,18152,240],{"class":239},[67,18154,89],{"class":81},[67,18156,251],{"class":239},[67,18158,437],{"class":243},[67,18160,240],{"class":239},[67,18162,100],{"class":81},[67,18164,18165,18167,18169,18171,18173,18175,18177,18179,18181],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,18166,9352],{"class":73},[67,18168,78],{"class":77},[67,18170,9357],{"class":362},[67,18172,114],{"class":81},[67,18174,17471],{"class":117},[67,18176,138],{"class":81},[67,18178,17111],{"class":117},[67,18180,89],{"class":81},[67,18182,18183],{"class":81}," [])\n",[67,18185,18186],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,18187,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,18189,18190,18192,18194,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204,18206,18208],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,18191,9391],{"class":73},[67,18193,174],{"class":81},[67,18195,240],{"class":239},[67,18197,45],{"class":243},[67,18199,240],{"class":239},[67,18201,13736],{"class":81},[67,18203,13739],{"class":117},[67,18205,138],{"class":81},[67,18207,464],{"class":85},[67,18209,144],{"class":81},[67,18211,18212],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,18213,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,18215,18216,18218,18220,18222],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,18217,135],{"class":134},[67,18219,138],{"class":81},[67,18221,9391],{"class":117},[67,18223,144],{"class":81},[14,18225,159],{},[58,18227,18229],{"className":60,"code":18228,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[17,18230,18231],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,18232,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241,18243,18245,18247,18250,18252,18254,18256,18258,18260,18262,18264,18266,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,18234,9465],{"class":81},[67,18236,333],{"class":239},[67,18238,45],{"class":243},[67,18240,333],{"class":239},[67,18242,1161],{"class":81},[67,18244,82],{"class":81},[67,18246,464],{"class":85},[67,18248,18249],{"class":81},"],",[67,18251,342],{"class":239},[67,18253,428],{"class":243},[67,18255,333],{"class":239},[67,18257,1161],{"class":81},[67,18259,82],{"class":81},[67,18261,464],{"class":85},[67,18263,18249],{"class":81},[67,18265,342],{"class":239},[67,18267,437],{"class":243},[67,18269,333],{"class":239},[67,18271,1161],{"class":81},[67,18273,82],{"class":81},[67,18275,464],{"class":85},[67,18277,13892],{"class":81},[14,18279,18280,18281,18284],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[17,18282,18283],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1109,18286,18288],{"id":18287},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,18290,18291,18294],{},[17,18292,18293],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,18296,18297],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,18299,18300],{},"So this:",[58,18302,18304],{"className":60,"code":18303,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[17,18305,18306],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,18307,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318,18320,18322,18324,18326],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,18309,9391],{"class":73},[67,18311,174],{"class":81},[67,18313,240],{"class":239},[67,18315,45],{"class":243},[67,18317,240],{"class":239},[67,18319,13736],{"class":81},[67,18321,13739],{"class":117},[67,18323,138],{"class":81},[67,18325,464],{"class":85},[67,18327,144],{"class":81},[14,18329,18330,18331,114],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[17,18332,18283],{},[1109,18334,18336],{"id":18335},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18338,18339],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[58,18341,18343],{"className":60,"code":18342,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,18344,18345,18377,18404,18408,18430,18434],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,18346,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369,18371,18373,18375],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,18348,17430],{"class":73},[67,18350,78],{"class":77},[67,18352,82],{"class":81},[67,18354,240],{"class":239},[67,18356,45],{"class":243},[67,18358,240],{"class":239},[67,18360,89],{"class":81},[67,18362,251],{"class":239},[67,18364,428],{"class":243},[67,18366,240],{"class":239},[67,18368,89],{"class":81},[67,18370,251],{"class":239},[67,18372,437],{"class":243},[67,18374,240],{"class":239},[67,18376,100],{"class":81},[67,18378,18379,18381,18383,18385,18387,18389,18392,18394,18397,18399,18402],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,18380,9352],{"class":73},[67,18382,78],{"class":77},[67,18384,10678],{"class":81},[67,18386,15028],{"class":73},[67,18388,1161],{"class":81},[67,18390,18391],{"class":81}," []",[67,18393,4068],{"class":1167},[67,18395,18396],{"class":73}," key ",[67,18398,4074],{"class":1167},[67,18400,18401],{"class":73}," keys",[67,18403,9496],{"class":81},[67,18405,18406],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,18407,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,18409,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426,18428],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,18411,9391],{"class":73},[67,18413,174],{"class":81},[67,18415,240],{"class":239},[67,18417,45],{"class":243},[67,18419,240],{"class":239},[67,18421,13736],{"class":81},[67,18423,13739],{"class":117},[67,18425,138],{"class":81},[67,18427,464],{"class":85},[67,18429,144],{"class":81},[67,18431,18432],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,18433,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,18435,18436,18438,18440,18442],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,18437,135],{"class":134},[67,18439,138],{"class":81},[67,18441,9391],{"class":117},[67,18443,144],{"class":81},[14,18445,159],{},[58,18447,18449],{"className":60,"code":18448,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[17,18450,18451],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,18452,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467,18469,18471,18473,18475,18477,18480,18482,18484,18486,18488],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,18454,9465],{"class":81},[67,18456,333],{"class":239},[67,18458,45],{"class":243},[67,18460,333],{"class":239},[67,18462,1161],{"class":81},[67,18464,82],{"class":81},[67,18466,464],{"class":85},[67,18468,18249],{"class":81},[67,18470,342],{"class":239},[67,18472,428],{"class":243},[67,18474,333],{"class":239},[67,18476,1161],{"class":81},[67,18478,18479],{"class":81}," [],",[67,18481,342],{"class":239},[67,18483,437],{"class":243},[67,18485,333],{"class":239},[67,18487,1161],{"class":81},[67,18489,18490],{"class":81}," []}\n",[14,18492,18493],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18495,18496],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[53,18498,5151,18500],{"id":18499},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[17,18501,17406],{},[14,18503,18504,18506],{},[17,18505,17411],{}," is a good choice when:",[25,18508,18509,18512,18515],{},[28,18510,18511],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[28,18513,18514],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[28,18516,18517],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18519,2314],{},[58,18521,18523],{"className":60,"code":18522,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[17,18524,18525,18570],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,18526,18527,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538,18540,18542,18545,18547,18549,18551,18553,18555,18557,18559,18562,18564,18566,18568],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,18528,18529],{"class":73},"flags ",[67,18531,78],{"class":77},[67,18533,9357],{"class":362},[67,18535,114],{"class":81},[67,18537,17471],{"class":117},[67,18539,370],{"class":81},[67,18541,240],{"class":239},[67,18543,18544],{"class":243},"is_admin",[67,18546,240],{"class":239},[67,18548,89],{"class":81},[67,18550,251],{"class":239},[67,18552,15266],{"class":243},[67,18554,240],{"class":239},[67,18556,89],{"class":81},[67,18558,251],{"class":239},[67,18560,18561],{"class":243},"is_verified",[67,18563,240],{"class":239},[67,18565,18249],{"class":81},[67,18567,4097],{"class":4043},[67,18569,144],{"class":81},[67,18571,18572,18574,18576,18579],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,18573,135],{"class":134},[67,18575,138],{"class":81},[67,18577,18578],{"class":117},"flags",[67,18580,144],{"class":81},[58,18582,18584],{"className":60,"code":18583,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[17,18585,18586,18631],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,18587,18588,18590,18592,18594,18596,18598,18600,18602,18605,18607,18609,18611,18614,18616,18618,18620,18623,18625,18627,18629],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,18589,5252],{"class":73},[67,18591,78],{"class":77},[67,18593,9357],{"class":362},[67,18595,114],{"class":81},[67,18597,17471],{"class":117},[67,18599,370],{"class":81},[67,18601,240],{"class":239},[67,18603,18604],{"class":243},"math",[67,18606,240],{"class":239},[67,18608,89],{"class":81},[67,18610,251],{"class":239},[67,18612,18613],{"class":243},"science",[67,18615,240],{"class":239},[67,18617,89],{"class":81},[67,18619,251],{"class":239},[67,18621,18622],{"class":243},"history",[67,18624,240],{"class":239},[67,18626,18249],{"class":81},[67,18628,1388],{"class":85},[67,18630,144],{"class":81},[67,18632,18633,18635,18637,18639],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,18634,135],{"class":134},[67,18636,138],{"class":81},[67,18638,16576],{"class":117},[67,18640,144],{"class":81},[14,18642,18643,18644,18646],{},"It is ",[3934,18645,4820],{}," the best choice when:",[25,18648,18649,18652],{},[28,18650,18651],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[28,18653,18654],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[53,18656,18658,18660],{"id":18657},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[17,18659,17406],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18662,18663,18665],{},[17,18664,17406],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1109,18667,8604,18669],{"id":18668},"using-fromkeys",[17,18670,17406],{},[58,18672,18674],{"className":60,"code":18673,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[17,18675,18676,18721],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,18677,18678,18680,18682,18684,18686,18688,18690,18692,18695,18697,18699,18701,18704,18706,18708,18710,18713,18715,18717,18719],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,18679,14012],{"class":73},[67,18681,78],{"class":77},[67,18683,9357],{"class":362},[67,18685,114],{"class":81},[67,18687,17471],{"class":117},[67,18689,370],{"class":81},[67,18691,240],{"class":239},[67,18693,18694],{"class":243},"sound",[67,18696,240],{"class":239},[67,18698,89],{"class":81},[67,18700,251],{"class":239},[67,18702,18703],{"class":243},"music",[67,18705,240],{"class":239},[67,18707,89],{"class":81},[67,18709,251],{"class":239},[67,18711,18712],{"class":243},"notifications",[67,18714,240],{"class":239},[67,18716,18249],{"class":81},[67,18718,4106],{"class":4043},[67,18720,144],{"class":81},[67,18722,18723,18725,18727,18729],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,18724,135],{"class":134},[67,18726,138],{"class":81},[67,18728,14071],{"class":117},[67,18730,144],{"class":81},[1109,18732,18734],{"id":18733},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[58,18736,18738],{"className":60,"code":18737,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[17,18739,18740,18748,18762,18776,18788,18792],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,18741,18742,18744,18746],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,18743,14012],{"class":73},[67,18745,78],{"class":77},[67,18747,11681],{"class":81},[67,18749,18750,18752,18754,18756,18758,18760],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,18751,11686],{"class":239},[67,18753,18694],{"class":243},[67,18755,240],{"class":239},[67,18757,1161],{"class":81},[67,18759,4106],{"class":4043},[67,18761,11702],{"class":81},[67,18763,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,18765,11686],{"class":239},[67,18767,18703],{"class":243},[67,18769,240],{"class":239},[67,18771,1161],{"class":81},[67,18773,4097],{"class":4043},[67,18775,11702],{"class":81},[67,18777,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,18779,11686],{"class":239},[67,18781,18712],{"class":243},[67,18783,240],{"class":239},[67,18785,1161],{"class":81},[67,18787,6614],{"class":4043},[67,18789,18790],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,18791,9496],{"class":81},[67,18793,18794,18796,18798,18800],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,18795,135],{"class":134},[67,18797,138],{"class":81},[67,18799,14071],{"class":117},[67,18801,144],{"class":81},[14,18803,18804],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1109,18806,18808],{"id":18807},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[58,18810,18812],{"className":60,"code":18811,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[17,18813,18814,18846,18870],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,18815,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836,18838,18840,18842,18844],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,18817,17430],{"class":73},[67,18819,78],{"class":77},[67,18821,82],{"class":81},[67,18823,240],{"class":239},[67,18825,45],{"class":243},[67,18827,240],{"class":239},[67,18829,89],{"class":81},[67,18831,251],{"class":239},[67,18833,428],{"class":243},[67,18835,240],{"class":239},[67,18837,89],{"class":81},[67,18839,251],{"class":239},[67,18841,437],{"class":243},[67,18843,240],{"class":239},[67,18845,100],{"class":81},[67,18847,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,18849,9352],{"class":73},[67,18851,78],{"class":77},[67,18853,10678],{"class":81},[67,18855,15028],{"class":73},[67,18857,1161],{"class":81},[67,18859,18391],{"class":81},[67,18861,4068],{"class":1167},[67,18863,18396],{"class":73},[67,18865,4074],{"class":1167},[67,18867,18401],{"class":73},[67,18869,9496],{"class":81},[67,18871,18872,18874,18876,18878],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,18873,135],{"class":134},[67,18875,138],{"class":81},[67,18877,9391],{"class":117},[67,18879,144],{"class":81},[14,18881,18882],{},"Use:",[25,18884,18885,18890,18893],{},[28,18886,18887,18889],{},[17,18888,17406],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[28,18891,18892],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[28,18894,18895],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18897,18898,18899,114],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[45,18900,10924,18901,946],{"href":14219},[17,18902,15141],{},[53,18904,1907],{"id":1906},[14,18906,14920,18907,114],{},[17,18908,17411],{},[1109,18910,18912],{"id":18911},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[58,18914,18916],{"className":60,"code":18915,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[17,18917,18918,18951,18974],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,18919,18920,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943,18945,18947,18949],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,18921,18922],{"class":73},"d ",[67,18924,78],{"class":77},[67,18926,9357],{"class":362},[67,18928,114],{"class":81},[67,18930,17471],{"class":117},[67,18932,370],{"class":81},[67,18934,240],{"class":239},[67,18936,45],{"class":243},[67,18938,240],{"class":239},[67,18940,89],{"class":81},[67,18942,251],{"class":239},[67,18944,428],{"class":243},[67,18946,240],{"class":239},[67,18948,18249],{"class":81},[67,18950,18183],{"class":81},[67,18952,18953,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,18954,18955],{"class":73},"d",[67,18957,174],{"class":81},[67,18959,240],{"class":239},[67,18961,45],{"class":243},[67,18963,240],{"class":239},[67,18965,13736],{"class":81},[67,18967,13739],{"class":117},[67,18969,138],{"class":81},[67,18971,464],{"class":85},[67,18973,144],{"class":81},[67,18975,18976,18978,18980,18982],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,18977,135],{"class":134},[67,18979,138],{"class":81},[67,18981,18955],{"class":117},[67,18983,144],{"class":81},[14,18985,159],{},[58,18987,18989],{"className":60,"code":18988,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[17,18990,18991],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,18992,18993,18995,18997,18999,19001,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019,19021],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,18994,9465],{"class":81},[67,18996,333],{"class":239},[67,18998,45],{"class":243},[67,19000,333],{"class":239},[67,19002,1161],{"class":81},[67,19004,82],{"class":81},[67,19006,464],{"class":85},[67,19008,18249],{"class":81},[67,19010,342],{"class":239},[67,19012,428],{"class":243},[67,19014,333],{"class":239},[67,19016,1161],{"class":81},[67,19018,82],{"class":81},[67,19020,464],{"class":85},[67,19022,13892],{"class":81},[14,19024,19025],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,19027,19028],{},"Use this instead:",[58,19030,19032],{"className":60,"code":19031,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[17,19033,19034,19058,19082],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,19035,19036,19038,19040,19042,19044,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,19037,17430],{"class":73},[67,19039,78],{"class":77},[67,19041,82],{"class":81},[67,19043,240],{"class":239},[67,19045,45],{"class":243},[67,19047,240],{"class":239},[67,19049,89],{"class":81},[67,19051,251],{"class":239},[67,19053,428],{"class":243},[67,19055,240],{"class":239},[67,19057,100],{"class":81},[67,19059,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,19061,18922],{"class":73},[67,19063,78],{"class":77},[67,19065,10678],{"class":81},[67,19067,15028],{"class":73},[67,19069,1161],{"class":81},[67,19071,18391],{"class":81},[67,19073,4068],{"class":1167},[67,19075,18396],{"class":73},[67,19077,4074],{"class":1167},[67,19079,18401],{"class":73},[67,19081,9496],{"class":81},[67,19083,19084,19086,19088,19090],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,19085,135],{"class":134},[67,19087,138],{"class":81},[67,19089,18955],{"class":117},[67,19091,144],{"class":81},[1109,19093,19095,19096,19098],{"id":19094},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[17,19097,17406],{}," on a list",[14,19100,19101],{},"Wrong idea:",[58,19103,19105],{"className":60,"code":19104,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[17,19106,19107,19139],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,19108,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,19110,17430],{"class":73},[67,19112,78],{"class":77},[67,19114,82],{"class":81},[67,19116,240],{"class":239},[67,19118,45],{"class":243},[67,19120,240],{"class":239},[67,19122,89],{"class":81},[67,19124,251],{"class":239},[67,19126,428],{"class":243},[67,19128,240],{"class":239},[67,19130,89],{"class":81},[67,19132,251],{"class":239},[67,19134,437],{"class":243},[67,19136,240],{"class":239},[67,19138,100],{"class":81},[67,19140,19141],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,19142,19143],{"class":3852},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,19145,19146,19148,19149,19151,19152,114],{},[17,19147,17406],{}," belongs to ",[17,19150,9007],{},", not ",[17,19153,363],{},[14,19155,19156],{},"Correct usage:",[58,19158,19160],{"className":60,"code":19159,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[17,19161,19162,19194,19216],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,19163,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,19165,17430],{"class":73},[67,19167,78],{"class":77},[67,19169,82],{"class":81},[67,19171,240],{"class":239},[67,19173,45],{"class":243},[67,19175,240],{"class":239},[67,19177,89],{"class":81},[67,19179,251],{"class":239},[67,19181,428],{"class":243},[67,19183,240],{"class":239},[67,19185,89],{"class":81},[67,19187,251],{"class":239},[67,19189,437],{"class":243},[67,19191,240],{"class":239},[67,19193,100],{"class":81},[67,19195,19196,19198,19200,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,19197,18922],{"class":73},[67,19199,78],{"class":77},[67,19201,9357],{"class":362},[67,19203,114],{"class":81},[67,19205,17471],{"class":117},[67,19207,138],{"class":81},[67,19209,17111],{"class":117},[67,19211,89],{"class":81},[67,19213,1388],{"class":85},[67,19215,144],{"class":81},[67,19217,19218,19220,19222,19224],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,19219,135],{"class":134},[67,19221,138],{"class":81},[67,19223,18955],{"class":117},[67,19225,144],{"class":81},[1109,19227,1930,19229,19231],{"id":19228},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[17,19230,17406],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,19233,19234,19236],{},[17,19235,17411],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[58,19238,19240],{"className":60,"code":19239,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[17,19241,19242,19262,19296,19300,19310],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,19243,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,19245,12275],{"class":73},[67,19247,78],{"class":77},[67,19249,10678],{"class":81},[67,19251,240],{"class":239},[67,19253,2361],{"class":243},[67,19255,240],{"class":239},[67,19257,1161],{"class":81},[67,19259,5689],{"class":85},[67,19261,9496],{"class":81},[67,19263,19264,19266,19268,19270,19272,19274,19276,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,19265,13227],{"class":73},[67,19267,78],{"class":77},[67,19269,9357],{"class":362},[67,19271,114],{"class":81},[67,19273,17471],{"class":117},[67,19275,370],{"class":81},[67,19277,240],{"class":239},[67,19279,45],{"class":243},[67,19281,240],{"class":239},[67,19283,89],{"class":81},[67,19285,251],{"class":239},[67,19287,428],{"class":243},[67,19289,240],{"class":239},[67,19291,18249],{"class":81},[67,19293,1388],{"class":85},[67,19295,144],{"class":81},[67,19297,19298],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,19299,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,19301,19302,19304,19306,19308],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,19303,135],{"class":134},[67,19305,138],{"class":81},[67,19307,12322],{"class":117},[67,19309,144],{"class":81},[67,19311,19312,19314,19316,19319],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,19313,135],{"class":134},[67,19315,138],{"class":81},[67,19317,19318],{"class":117},"new_dict",[67,19320,144],{"class":81},[14,19322,159],{},[58,19324,19326],{"className":60,"code":19325,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[17,19327,19328,19344],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,19329,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,19331,9465],{"class":81},[67,19333,333],{"class":239},[67,19335,2361],{"class":243},[67,19337,333],{"class":239},[67,19339,1161],{"class":81},[67,19341,5689],{"class":85},[67,19343,9496],{"class":81},[67,19345,19346,19348,19350,19352,19354,19356,19358,19360,19362,19364,19366,19368,19370],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,19347,9465],{"class":81},[67,19349,333],{"class":239},[67,19351,45],{"class":243},[67,19353,333],{"class":239},[67,19355,1161],{"class":81},[67,19357,1388],{"class":85},[67,19359,89],{"class":81},[67,19361,342],{"class":239},[67,19363,428],{"class":243},[67,19365,333],{"class":239},[67,19367,1161],{"class":81},[67,19369,1388],{"class":85},[67,19371,9496],{"class":81},[14,19373,19374,19375,114],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[45,19376,10924,19377,946],{"href":14219},[17,19378,15141],{},[1109,19380,19382,19383],{"id":19381},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[17,19384,1103],{},[58,19386,19388],{"className":60,"code":19387,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[17,19389,19390,19420],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,19391,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,19393,18922],{"class":73},[67,19395,78],{"class":77},[67,19397,9357],{"class":362},[67,19399,114],{"class":81},[67,19401,17471],{"class":117},[67,19403,370],{"class":81},[67,19405,240],{"class":239},[67,19407,2361],{"class":243},[67,19409,240],{"class":239},[67,19411,89],{"class":81},[67,19413,251],{"class":239},[67,19415,11934],{"class":243},[67,19417,240],{"class":239},[67,19419,376],{"class":81},[67,19421,19422,19424,19426,19428],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,19423,135],{"class":134},[67,19425,138],{"class":81},[67,19427,18955],{"class":117},[67,19429,144],{"class":81},[14,19431,159],{},[58,19433,19435],{"className":60,"code":19434,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[17,19436,19437],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,19438,19439,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461,19463],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,19440,9465],{"class":81},[67,19442,333],{"class":239},[67,19444,2361],{"class":243},[67,19446,333],{"class":239},[67,19448,1161],{"class":81},[67,19450,4044],{"class":4043},[67,19452,89],{"class":81},[67,19454,342],{"class":239},[67,19456,11934],{"class":243},[67,19458,333],{"class":239},[67,19460,1161],{"class":81},[67,19462,4044],{"class":4043},[67,19464,9496],{"class":81},[14,19466,19467,19468,114],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[17,19469,1103],{},[53,19471,19473],{"id":19472},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19475,19476,19477,19479],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[17,19478,17406],{}," works.",[58,19481,19483],{"className":60,"code":19482,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[17,19484,19485],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,19486,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,19488,135],{"class":134},[67,19490,138],{"class":81},[67,19492,9007],{"class":362},[67,19494,114],{"class":81},[67,19496,17471],{"class":117},[67,19498,370],{"class":81},[67,19500,240],{"class":239},[67,19502,45],{"class":243},[67,19504,240],{"class":239},[67,19506,89],{"class":81},[67,19508,251],{"class":239},[67,19510,428],{"class":243},[67,19512,240],{"class":239},[67,19514,18249],{"class":81},[67,19516,1388],{"class":85},[67,19518,1426],{"class":81},[58,19520,19521],{"className":60,"code":19387,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,19522,19523,19553],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,19524,19525,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549,19551],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,19526,18922],{"class":73},[67,19528,78],{"class":77},[67,19530,9357],{"class":362},[67,19532,114],{"class":81},[67,19534,17471],{"class":117},[67,19536,370],{"class":81},[67,19538,240],{"class":239},[67,19540,2361],{"class":243},[67,19542,240],{"class":239},[67,19544,89],{"class":81},[67,19546,251],{"class":239},[67,19548,11934],{"class":243},[67,19550,240],{"class":239},[67,19552,376],{"class":81},[67,19554,19555,19557,19559,19561],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,19556,135],{"class":134},[67,19558,138],{"class":81},[67,19560,18955],{"class":117},[67,19562,144],{"class":81},[58,19564,19565],{"className":60,"code":18915,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,19566,19567,19599,19621],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,19568,19569,19571,19573,19575,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595,19597],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,19570,18922],{"class":73},[67,19572,78],{"class":77},[67,19574,9357],{"class":362},[67,19576,114],{"class":81},[67,19578,17471],{"class":117},[67,19580,370],{"class":81},[67,19582,240],{"class":239},[67,19584,45],{"class":243},[67,19586,240],{"class":239},[67,19588,89],{"class":81},[67,19590,251],{"class":239},[67,19592,428],{"class":243},[67,19594,240],{"class":239},[67,19596,18249],{"class":81},[67,19598,18183],{"class":81},[67,19600,19601,19603,19605,19607,19609,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,19602,18955],{"class":73},[67,19604,174],{"class":81},[67,19606,240],{"class":239},[67,19608,45],{"class":243},[67,19610,240],{"class":239},[67,19612,13736],{"class":81},[67,19614,13739],{"class":117},[67,19616,138],{"class":81},[67,19618,464],{"class":85},[67,19620,144],{"class":81},[67,19622,19623,19625,19627,19629],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,19624,135],{"class":134},[67,19626,138],{"class":81},[67,19628,18955],{"class":117},[67,19630,144],{"class":81},[58,19632,19634],{"className":60,"code":19633,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[17,19635,19636],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,19637,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,19639,135],{"class":134},[67,19641,138],{"class":81},[67,19643,2011],{"class":362},[67,19645,138],{"class":81},[67,19647,9007],{"class":362},[67,19649,114],{"class":81},[67,19651,17471],{"class":117},[67,19653,370],{"class":81},[67,19655,464],{"class":85},[67,19657,89],{"class":81},[67,19659,3182],{"class":85},[67,19661,89],{"class":81},[67,19663,2639],{"class":85},[67,19665,18249],{"class":81},[67,19667,251],{"class":239},[67,19669,2661],{"class":243},[67,19671,240],{"class":239},[67,19673,3102],{"class":81},[53,19675,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,19677,12894,19679,19681],{"id":19678},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[17,19680,17406],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19683,19684],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1109,19686,19688],{"id":19687},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19690,19691,19692,114],{},"Each key gets ",[17,19693,1103],{},[1109,19695,19697],{"id":19696},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19699,19700],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1109,19702,19704],{"id":19703},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19706,18339],{},[58,19708,19710],{"className":60,"code":19709,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[17,19711,19712,19744],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,19713,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722,19724,19726,19728,19730,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740,19742],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,19715,17430],{"class":73},[67,19717,78],{"class":77},[67,19719,82],{"class":81},[67,19721,240],{"class":239},[67,19723,45],{"class":243},[67,19725,240],{"class":239},[67,19727,89],{"class":81},[67,19729,251],{"class":239},[67,19731,428],{"class":243},[67,19733,240],{"class":239},[67,19735,89],{"class":81},[67,19737,251],{"class":239},[67,19739,437],{"class":243},[67,19741,240],{"class":239},[67,19743,100],{"class":81},[67,19745,19746,19748,19750,19752,19754,19756,19758,19760,19762,19764,19766],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,19747,9352],{"class":73},[67,19749,78],{"class":77},[67,19751,10678],{"class":81},[67,19753,15028],{"class":73},[67,19755,1161],{"class":81},[67,19757,18391],{"class":81},[67,19759,4068],{"class":1167},[67,19761,18396],{"class":73},[67,19763,4074],{"class":1167},[67,19765,18401],{"class":73},[67,19767,9496],{"class":81},[53,19769,2094],{"id":2093},[25,19771,19772,19776,19780,19784,19790],{},[28,19773,19774],{},[45,19775,11429],{"href":13215},[28,19777,19778],{},[45,19779,9342],{"href":13212},[28,19781,19782],{},[45,19783,11438],{"href":18090},[28,19785,19786],{},[45,19787,10924,19788,946],{"href":14219},[17,19789,15141],{},[28,19791,19792],{},[45,19793,10924,19794,946],{"href":15186},[17,19795,12966],{},[14,19797,185,19798,19800],{},[17,19799,17411],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2122,19802,19803],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":19805},[19806,19807,19809,19813,19814,19816,19821,19823,19830,19839,19840,19847],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":17511,"depth":103,"text":19808},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17555,"depth":103,"text":17556,"children":19810},[19811,19812],{"id":17582,"depth":124,"text":17583},{"id":17606,"depth":124,"text":17607},{"id":5978,"depth":103,"text":5979},{"id":17765,"depth":103,"text":19815},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18094,"depth":103,"text":18095,"children":19817},[19818,19819,19820],{"id":18124,"depth":124,"text":18125},{"id":18287,"depth":124,"text":18288},{"id":18335,"depth":124,"text":18336},{"id":18499,"depth":103,"text":19822},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18657,"depth":103,"text":19824,"children":19825},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19826,19828,19829],{"id":18668,"depth":124,"text":19827},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18733,"depth":124,"text":18734},{"id":18807,"depth":124,"text":18808},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":19831},[19832,19833,19835,19837],{"id":18911,"depth":124,"text":18912},{"id":19094,"depth":124,"text":19834},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19228,"depth":124,"text":19836},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19381,"depth":124,"text":19838},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19472,"depth":103,"text":19473},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":19841},[19842,19844,19845,19846],{"id":19678,"depth":124,"text":19843},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19687,"depth":124,"text":19688},{"id":19696,"depth":124,"text":19697},{"id":19703,"depth":124,"text":19704},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17398,"description":19848},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19855,"title":19856,"body":19857,"description":21687,"extension":2153,"meta":21688,"navigation":127,"path":21689,"seo":21690,"stem":21691,"__hash__":21692},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19858,"toc":21654},[19859,19864,19870,19881,20011,20018,20023,20027,20043,20045,20143,20146,20163,20167,20169,20174,20212,20215,20233,20235,20353,20358,20362,20378,20381,20517,20520,20525,20531,20534,20571,20574,20578,20583,20659,20663,20668,20750,20752,20768,20773,20777,20783,20852,20855,20872,20875,20957,20963,20966,20986,20990,20995,21001,21007,21078,21081,21087,21090,21164,21171,21177,21185,21195,21197,21292,21298,21303,21390,21396,21398,21403,21425,21428,21523,21526,21557,21570,21572,21580,21586,21592,21595,21601,21606,21613,21618,21620,21651],[10,19860,11505,19862,11509],{"id":19861},"python-dictionary-get-method",[17,19863,10927],{},[14,19865,19866,19867,19869],{},"The dictionary ",[17,19868,10927],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19871,19872,19873,1550,19876,2584,19878,19880],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[17,19874,19875],{},"KeyError",[17,19877,10927],{},[17,19879,1103],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[58,19882,19884],{"className":60,"code":19883,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[17,19885,19886,19922,19926,19952,19977],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,19887,19888,19890,19892,19894,19896,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914,19916,19918,19920],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,19889,13390],{"class":73},[67,19891,78],{"class":77},[67,19893,10678],{"class":81},[67,19895,240],{"class":239},[67,19897,7860],{"class":243},[67,19899,240],{"class":239},[67,19901,1161],{"class":81},[67,19903,251],{"class":239},[67,19905,986],{"class":243},[67,19907,240],{"class":239},[67,19909,89],{"class":81},[67,19911,251],{"class":239},[67,19913,9486],{"class":243},[67,19915,240],{"class":239},[67,19917,1161],{"class":81},[67,19919,9493],{"class":85},[67,19921,9496],{"class":81},[67,19923,19924],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,19925,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,19927,19928,19930,19932,19934,19936,19939,19941,19943,19945,19947,19949],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,19929,135],{"class":134},[67,19931,138],{"class":81},[67,19933,17495],{"class":117},[67,19935,114],{"class":81},[67,19937,19938],{"class":117},"get",[67,19940,138],{"class":81},[67,19942,240],{"class":239},[67,19944,7860],{"class":243},[67,19946,240],{"class":239},[67,19948,5552],{"class":81},[67,19950,19951],{"class":3852},"           # Ana\n",[67,19953,19954,19956,19958,19960,19962,19964,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,19955,135],{"class":134},[67,19957,138],{"class":81},[67,19959,17495],{"class":117},[67,19961,114],{"class":81},[67,19963,19938],{"class":117},[67,19965,138],{"class":81},[67,19967,240],{"class":239},[67,19969,10596],{"class":243},[67,19971,240],{"class":239},[67,19973,5552],{"class":81},[67,19975,19976],{"class":3852},"           # None\n",[67,19978,19979,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989,19991,19993,19995,19997,19999,20001,20004,20006,20008],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,19980,135],{"class":134},[67,19982,138],{"class":81},[67,19984,17495],{"class":117},[67,19986,114],{"class":81},[67,19988,19938],{"class":117},[67,19990,138],{"class":81},[67,19992,240],{"class":239},[67,19994,10596],{"class":243},[67,19996,240],{"class":239},[67,19998,89],{"class":81},[67,20000,251],{"class":239},[67,20002,20003],{"class":243},"N\u002FA",[67,20005,240],{"class":239},[67,20007,5552],{"class":81},[67,20009,20010],{"class":3852},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,20012,185,20013,20015,20016,114],{},[17,20014,10927],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[17,20017,19875],{},[53,20019,3867,20021,3870],{"id":20020},"what-get-does",[17,20022,10927],{},[14,20024,379,20025,11600],{},[17,20026,10927],{},[25,20028,20029,20032,20037,20040],{},[28,20030,20031],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[28,20033,11611,20034,20036],{},[17,20035,1103],{}," if the key does not exist",[28,20038,20039],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[28,20041,20042],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,20044,222],{},[58,20046,20048],{"className":60,"code":20047,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[17,20049,20050,20089,20093,20118],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,20051,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068,20071,20073,20075,20077,20080,20082,20084,20087],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,20053,13053],{"class":73},[67,20055,78],{"class":77},[67,20057,10678],{"class":81},[67,20059,240],{"class":239},[67,20061,7860],{"class":243},[67,20063,240],{"class":239},[67,20065,1161],{"class":81},[67,20067,251],{"class":239},[67,20069,20070],{"class":243},"Lina",[67,20072,240],{"class":239},[67,20074,89],{"class":81},[67,20076,251],{"class":239},[67,20078,20079],{"class":243},"grade",[67,20081,240],{"class":239},[67,20083,1161],{"class":81},[67,20085,20086],{"class":85}," 90",[67,20088,9496],{"class":81},[67,20090,20091],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,20092,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,20094,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20111,20113,20115],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,20096,135],{"class":134},[67,20098,138],{"class":81},[67,20100,13812],{"class":117},[67,20102,114],{"class":81},[67,20104,19938],{"class":117},[67,20106,138],{"class":81},[67,20108,240],{"class":239},[67,20110,7860],{"class":243},[67,20112,240],{"class":239},[67,20114,5552],{"class":81},[67,20116,20117],{"class":3852},"     # Lina\n",[67,20119,20120,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130,20132,20134,20136,20138,20140],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,20121,135],{"class":134},[67,20123,138],{"class":81},[67,20125,13812],{"class":117},[67,20127,114],{"class":81},[67,20129,19938],{"class":117},[67,20131,138],{"class":81},[67,20133,240],{"class":239},[67,20135,15446],{"class":243},[67,20137,240],{"class":239},[67,20139,5552],{"class":81},[67,20141,20142],{"class":3852},"    # None\n",[14,20144,20145],{},"In this example:",[25,20147,20148,20153],{},[28,20149,20150,20152],{},[17,20151,15427],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[28,20154,20155,20158,20159,2584,20161],{},[17,20156,20157],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[17,20160,10927],{},[17,20162,1103],{},[14,20164,13209,20165,114],{},[45,20166,9342],{"href":9341},[53,20168,352],{"id":351},[14,20170,20171,20172,1161],{},"There are two common forms of ",[17,20173,10927],{},[58,20175,20177],{"className":60,"code":20176,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[17,20178,20179,20193],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,20180,20181,20183,20185,20187,20189,20191],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,20182,15792],{"class":73},[67,20184,114],{"class":81},[67,20186,19938],{"class":117},[67,20188,138],{"class":81},[67,20190,15028],{"class":117},[67,20192,144],{"class":81},[67,20194,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205,20207,20210],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,20196,15792],{"class":73},[67,20198,114],{"class":81},[67,20200,19938],{"class":117},[67,20202,138],{"class":81},[67,20204,15028],{"class":117},[67,20206,89],{"class":81},[67,20208,20209],{"class":117}," default_value",[67,20211,144],{"class":81},[14,20213,20214],{},"What each part means:",[25,20216,20217,20222,20228],{},[28,20218,20219,20221],{},[17,20220,15028],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[28,20223,20224,20227],{},[17,20225,20226],{},"default_value"," is optional",[28,20229,20230,20231],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[17,20232,1103],{},[14,20234,222],{},[58,20236,20238],{"className":60,"code":20237,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[17,20239,20240,20264,20268,20293,20319],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,20241,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256,20258,20260,20262],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,20243,14012],{"class":73},[67,20245,78],{"class":77},[67,20247,10678],{"class":81},[67,20249,240],{"class":239},[67,20251,12684],{"class":243},[67,20253,240],{"class":239},[67,20255,1161],{"class":81},[67,20257,251],{"class":239},[67,20259,12693],{"class":243},[67,20261,240],{"class":239},[67,20263,9496],{"class":81},[67,20265,20266],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,20267,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,20269,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,20271,135],{"class":134},[67,20273,138],{"class":81},[67,20275,14071],{"class":117},[67,20277,114],{"class":81},[67,20279,19938],{"class":117},[67,20281,138],{"class":81},[67,20283,240],{"class":239},[67,20285,12684],{"class":243},[67,20287,240],{"class":239},[67,20289,5552],{"class":81},[67,20291,20292],{"class":3852},"            # dark\n",[67,20294,20295,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20312,20314,20316],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,20296,135],{"class":134},[67,20298,138],{"class":81},[67,20300,14071],{"class":117},[67,20302,114],{"class":81},[67,20304,19938],{"class":117},[67,20306,138],{"class":81},[67,20308,240],{"class":239},[67,20310,20311],{"class":243},"language",[67,20313,240],{"class":239},[67,20315,5552],{"class":81},[67,20317,20318],{"class":3852},"         # None\n",[67,20320,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331,20333,20335,20337,20339,20341,20343,20346,20348,20350],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,20322,135],{"class":134},[67,20324,138],{"class":81},[67,20326,14071],{"class":117},[67,20328,114],{"class":81},[67,20330,19938],{"class":117},[67,20332,138],{"class":81},[67,20334,240],{"class":239},[67,20336,20311],{"class":243},[67,20338,240],{"class":239},[67,20340,89],{"class":81},[67,20342,251],{"class":239},[67,20344,20345],{"class":243},"en",[67,20347,240],{"class":239},[67,20349,5552],{"class":81},[67,20351,20352],{"class":3852},"   # en\n",[53,20354,5151,20356],{"id":20355},"when-to-use-get",[17,20357,10927],{},[14,20359,185,20360,1671],{},[17,20361,10927],{},[25,20363,20364,20367,20372,20375],{},[28,20365,20366],{},"A key might not exist",[28,20368,20369,20370],{},"You want to avoid ",[17,20371,19875],{},[28,20373,20374],{},"You are reading optional data",[28,20376,20377],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20379,20380],{},"Example with optional user data:",[58,20382,20384],{"className":60,"code":20383,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[17,20385,20386,20428,20432,20457,20483],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,20387,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400,20402,20404,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20424,20426],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,20389,11676],{"class":73},[67,20391,78],{"class":77},[67,20393,10678],{"class":81},[67,20395,240],{"class":239},[67,20397,8174],{"class":243},[67,20399,240],{"class":239},[67,20401,1161],{"class":81},[67,20403,251],{"class":239},[67,20405,20406],{"class":243},"sam",[67,20408,240],{"class":239},[67,20410,89],{"class":81},[67,20412,251],{"class":239},[67,20414,15446],{"class":243},[67,20416,240],{"class":239},[67,20418,1161],{"class":81},[67,20420,251],{"class":239},[67,20422,20423],{"class":243},"sam@example.com",[67,20425,240],{"class":239},[67,20427,9496],{"class":81},[67,20429,20430],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,20431,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,20433,20434,20436,20438,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20454],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,20435,135],{"class":134},[67,20437,138],{"class":81},[67,20439,11770],{"class":117},[67,20441,114],{"class":81},[67,20443,19938],{"class":117},[67,20445,138],{"class":81},[67,20447,240],{"class":239},[67,20449,8174],{"class":243},[67,20451,240],{"class":239},[67,20453,5552],{"class":81},[67,20455,20456],{"class":3852},"              # sam\n",[67,20458,20459,20461,20463,20465,20467,20469,20471,20473,20476,20478,20480],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,20460,135],{"class":134},[67,20462,138],{"class":81},[67,20464,11770],{"class":117},[67,20466,114],{"class":81},[67,20468,19938],{"class":117},[67,20470,138],{"class":81},[67,20472,240],{"class":239},[67,20474,20475],{"class":243},"phone",[67,20477,240],{"class":239},[67,20479,5552],{"class":81},[67,20481,20482],{"class":3852},"                 # None\n",[67,20484,20485,20487,20489,20491,20493,20495,20497,20499,20501,20503,20505,20507,20510,20512,20514],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,20486,135],{"class":134},[67,20488,138],{"class":81},[67,20490,11770],{"class":117},[67,20492,114],{"class":81},[67,20494,19938],{"class":117},[67,20496,138],{"class":81},[67,20498,240],{"class":239},[67,20500,20475],{"class":243},[67,20502,240],{"class":239},[67,20504,89],{"class":81},[67,20506,251],{"class":239},[67,20508,20509],{"class":243},"Not provided",[67,20511,240],{"class":239},[67,20513,5552],{"class":81},[67,20515,20516],{"class":3852}," # Not provided\n",[14,20518,20519],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20521,20522,20523,114],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[45,20524,16785],{"href":16784},[53,20526,20528,20530],{"id":20527},"get-vs-square-brackets",[17,20529,10927],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20532,20533],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[58,20535,20537],{"className":60,"code":20536,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[17,20538,20539,20553],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,20540,20541,20543,20545,20547,20549,20551],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,20542,9391],{"class":73},[67,20544,174],{"class":81},[67,20546,240],{"class":239},[67,20548,15028],{"class":243},[67,20550,240],{"class":239},[67,20552,100],{"class":81},[67,20554,20555,20557,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,20556,9391],{"class":73},[67,20558,114],{"class":81},[67,20560,19938],{"class":117},[67,20562,138],{"class":81},[67,20564,240],{"class":239},[67,20566,15028],{"class":243},[67,20568,240],{"class":239},[67,20570,144],{"class":81},[14,20572,20573],{},"The difference is important.",[1109,20575,20577],{"id":20576},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20579,20580,20581,114],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[17,20582,19875],{},[58,20584,20586],{"className":60,"code":20585,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[17,20587,20588,20612,20616,20638],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,20589,20590,20592,20594,20596,20598,20600,20602,20604,20606,20608,20610],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,20591,9352],{"class":73},[67,20593,78],{"class":77},[67,20595,10678],{"class":81},[67,20597,240],{"class":239},[67,20599,7860],{"class":243},[67,20601,240],{"class":239},[67,20603,1161],{"class":81},[67,20605,251],{"class":239},[67,20607,986],{"class":243},[67,20609,240],{"class":239},[67,20611,9496],{"class":81},[67,20613,20614],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,20615,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,20617,20618,20620,20622,20624,20626,20628,20630,20632,20635],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,20619,135],{"class":134},[67,20621,138],{"class":81},[67,20623,9391],{"class":117},[67,20625,174],{"class":81},[67,20627,240],{"class":239},[67,20629,7860],{"class":243},[67,20631,240],{"class":239},[67,20633,20634],{"class":81},"])",[67,20636,20637],{"class":3852},"   # Ana\n",[67,20639,20640,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,20641,135],{"class":134},[67,20643,138],{"class":81},[67,20645,9391],{"class":117},[67,20647,174],{"class":81},[67,20649,240],{"class":239},[67,20651,10596],{"class":243},[67,20653,240],{"class":239},[67,20655,20634],{"class":81},[67,20657,20658],{"class":3852},"   # KeyError\n",[1109,20660,20661],{"id":19938},[17,20662,10927],{},[14,20664,20665,20667],{},[17,20666,10927],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[58,20669,20671],{"className":60,"code":20670,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[17,20672,20673,20697,20701,20725],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,20674,20675,20677,20679,20681,20683,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,20676,9352],{"class":73},[67,20678,78],{"class":77},[67,20680,10678],{"class":81},[67,20682,240],{"class":239},[67,20684,7860],{"class":243},[67,20686,240],{"class":239},[67,20688,1161],{"class":81},[67,20690,251],{"class":239},[67,20692,986],{"class":243},[67,20694,240],{"class":239},[67,20696,9496],{"class":81},[67,20698,20699],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,20700,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,20702,20703,20705,20707,20709,20711,20713,20715,20717,20719,20721,20723],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,20704,135],{"class":134},[67,20706,138],{"class":81},[67,20708,9391],{"class":117},[67,20710,114],{"class":81},[67,20712,19938],{"class":117},[67,20714,138],{"class":81},[67,20716,240],{"class":239},[67,20718,7860],{"class":243},[67,20720,240],{"class":239},[67,20722,5552],{"class":81},[67,20724,20637],{"class":3852},[67,20726,20727,20729,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,20728,135],{"class":134},[67,20730,138],{"class":81},[67,20732,9391],{"class":117},[67,20734,114],{"class":81},[67,20736,19938],{"class":117},[67,20738,138],{"class":81},[67,20740,240],{"class":239},[67,20742,10596],{"class":243},[67,20744,240],{"class":239},[67,20746,5552],{"class":81},[67,20748,20749],{"class":3852},"   # None\n",[14,20751,18882],{},[25,20753,20754,20760],{},[28,20755,20756,20757],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[3934,20758,20759],{},"must exist",[28,20761,20762,20764,20765],{},[17,20763,10927],{}," when the key is ",[3934,20766,20767],{},"optional",[14,20769,20770,20771,114],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[45,20772,11449],{"href":11261},[53,20774,20776],{"id":20775},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20778,20779,20780,20782],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[17,20781,10927],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[58,20784,20786],{"className":60,"code":20785,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[17,20787,20788,20813,20817],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,20789,20790,20793,20795,20797,20799,20801,20803,20805,20807,20809,20811],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,20791,20792],{"class":73},"profile ",[67,20794,78],{"class":77},[67,20796,10678],{"class":81},[67,20798,240],{"class":239},[67,20800,7860],{"class":243},[67,20802,240],{"class":239},[67,20804,1161],{"class":81},[67,20806,251],{"class":239},[67,20808,8110],{"class":243},[67,20810,240],{"class":239},[67,20812,9496],{"class":81},[67,20814,20815],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,20816,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,20818,20819,20821,20823,20826,20828,20830,20832,20834,20836,20838,20840,20842,20845,20847,20849],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,20820,135],{"class":134},[67,20822,138],{"class":81},[67,20824,20825],{"class":117},"profile",[67,20827,114],{"class":81},[67,20829,19938],{"class":117},[67,20831,138],{"class":81},[67,20833,240],{"class":239},[67,20835,15449],{"class":243},[67,20837,240],{"class":239},[67,20839,89],{"class":81},[67,20841,251],{"class":239},[67,20843,20844],{"class":243},"Unknown",[67,20846,240],{"class":239},[67,20848,5552],{"class":81},[67,20850,20851],{"class":3852},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20853,20854],{},"This is useful for display text:",[25,20856,20857,20862,20867],{},[28,20858,20859],{},[17,20860,20861],{},"\"Unknown\"",[28,20863,20864],{},[17,20865,20866],{},"\"Not set\"",[28,20868,20869],{},[17,20870,20871],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20873,20874],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[58,20876,20878],{"className":60,"code":20877,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[17,20879,20880,20912,20916,20943],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,20881,20882,20884,20886,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,20883,5252],{"class":73},[67,20885,78],{"class":77},[67,20887,10678],{"class":81},[67,20889,240],{"class":239},[67,20891,18604],{"class":243},[67,20893,240],{"class":239},[67,20895,1161],{"class":81},[67,20897,6196],{"class":85},[67,20899,89],{"class":81},[67,20901,251],{"class":239},[67,20903,18613],{"class":243},[67,20905,240],{"class":239},[67,20907,1161],{"class":81},[67,20909,6552],{"class":85},[67,20911,9496],{"class":81},[67,20913,20914],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,20915,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,20917,20918,20921,20923,20925,20927,20929,20931,20933,20935,20937,20939,20941],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,20919,20920],{"class":73},"total_history ",[67,20922,78],{"class":77},[67,20924,5299],{"class":73},[67,20926,114],{"class":81},[67,20928,19938],{"class":117},[67,20930,138],{"class":81},[67,20932,240],{"class":239},[67,20934,18622],{"class":243},[67,20936,240],{"class":239},[67,20938,89],{"class":81},[67,20940,1388],{"class":85},[67,20942,144],{"class":81},[67,20944,20945,20947,20949,20952,20954],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,20946,135],{"class":134},[67,20948,138],{"class":81},[67,20950,20951],{"class":117},"total_history",[67,20953,3849],{"class":81},[67,20955,20956],{"class":3852},"   # 0\n",[14,20958,20959,20960,20962],{},"Here, ",[17,20961,1031],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20964,20965],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[25,20967,20968,20971,20976,20981],{},[28,20969,20970],{},"Use a string for text",[28,20972,185,20973,20975],{},[17,20974,1031],{}," for numbers",[28,20977,185,20978,20980],{},[17,20979,3978],{}," for lists if needed",[28,20982,185,20983,20985],{},[17,20984,3983],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[53,20987,20989],{"id":20988},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,20991,20992,20993,114],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[17,20994,10927],{},[1109,20996,20998,21000],{"id":20997},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[17,20999,10927],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,21002,21003,21004,21006],{},"This code does ",[3934,21005,4820],{}," create a new key:",[58,21008,21010],{"className":60,"code":21009,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[17,21011,21012,21036,21040,21065],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,21013,21014,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024,21026,21028,21030,21032,21034],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,21015,13390],{"class":73},[67,21017,78],{"class":77},[67,21019,10678],{"class":81},[67,21021,240],{"class":239},[67,21023,7860],{"class":243},[67,21025,240],{"class":239},[67,21027,1161],{"class":81},[67,21029,251],{"class":239},[67,21031,986],{"class":243},[67,21033,240],{"class":239},[67,21035,9496],{"class":81},[67,21037,21038],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,21039,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,21041,21042,21044,21046,21048,21050,21052,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,21043,135],{"class":134},[67,21045,138],{"class":81},[67,21047,17495],{"class":117},[67,21049,114],{"class":81},[67,21051,19938],{"class":117},[67,21053,138],{"class":81},[67,21055,240],{"class":239},[67,21057,10596],{"class":243},[67,21059,240],{"class":239},[67,21061,5552],{"class":81},[67,21063,21064],{"class":3852},"  # None\n",[67,21066,21067,21069,21071,21073,21075],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,21068,135],{"class":134},[67,21070,138],{"class":81},[67,21072,17495],{"class":117},[67,21074,3849],{"class":81},[67,21076,21077],{"class":3852},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,21079,21080],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1109,21082,21084,21086],{"id":21083},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[17,21085,10927],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,21088,21089],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[58,21091,21093],{"className":60,"code":21092,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[17,21094,21095,21121,21125,21151],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,21096,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105,21108,21110,21112,21114,21117,21119],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,21098,14012],{"class":73},[67,21100,78],{"class":77},[67,21102,10678],{"class":81},[67,21104,240],{"class":239},[67,21106,21107],{"class":243},"mode",[67,21109,240],{"class":239},[67,21111,1161],{"class":81},[67,21113,251],{"class":239},[67,21115,21116],{"class":243},"light",[67,21118,240],{"class":239},[67,21120,9496],{"class":81},[67,21122,21123],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,21124,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,21126,21127,21129,21131,21133,21135,21137,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,21128,14071],{"class":73},[67,21130,114],{"class":81},[67,21132,19938],{"class":117},[67,21134,138],{"class":81},[67,21136,240],{"class":239},[67,21138,12684],{"class":243},[67,21140,240],{"class":239},[67,21142,89],{"class":81},[67,21144,251],{"class":239},[67,21146,12693],{"class":243},[67,21148,240],{"class":239},[67,21150,144],{"class":81},[67,21152,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,21154,135],{"class":134},[67,21156,138],{"class":81},[67,21158,14071],{"class":117},[67,21160,3849],{"class":81},[67,21162,21163],{"class":3852},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,21165,21166,21167,21170],{},"Even though ",[17,21168,21169],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1109,21172,21174,21175],{"id":21173},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[17,21176,1103],{},[14,21178,21179,21180,2584,21182,21184],{},"Sometimes ",[17,21181,10927],{},[17,21183,1103],{}," because:",[25,21186,21187,21190],{},[28,21188,21189],{},"The key is missing, or",[28,21191,21192,21193],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[17,21194,1103],{},[14,21196,222],{},[58,21198,21200],{"className":60,"code":21199,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[17,21201,21202,21239,21243,21267],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,21203,21204,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226,21228,21231,21233,21235,21237],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,21205,9352],{"class":73},[67,21207,78],{"class":77},[67,21209,10678],{"class":81},[67,21211,240],{"class":239},[67,21213,7860],{"class":243},[67,21215,240],{"class":239},[67,21217,1161],{"class":81},[67,21219,251],{"class":239},[67,21221,986],{"class":243},[67,21223,240],{"class":239},[67,21225,89],{"class":81},[67,21227,251],{"class":239},[67,21229,21230],{"class":243},"nickname",[67,21232,240],{"class":239},[67,21234,1161],{"class":81},[67,21236,4044],{"class":4043},[67,21238,9496],{"class":81},[67,21240,21241],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,21242,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,21244,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253,21255,21257,21259,21261,21263,21265],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,21246,135],{"class":134},[67,21248,138],{"class":81},[67,21250,9391],{"class":117},[67,21252,114],{"class":81},[67,21254,19938],{"class":117},[67,21256,138],{"class":81},[67,21258,240],{"class":239},[67,21260,21230],{"class":243},[67,21262,240],{"class":239},[67,21264,5552],{"class":81},[67,21266,21064],{"class":3852},[67,21268,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283,21285,21287,21289],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,21270,135],{"class":134},[67,21272,138],{"class":81},[67,21274,9391],{"class":117},[67,21276,114],{"class":81},[67,21278,19938],{"class":117},[67,21280,138],{"class":81},[67,21282,240],{"class":239},[67,21284,10596],{"class":243},[67,21286,240],{"class":239},[67,21288,5552],{"class":81},[67,21290,21291],{"class":3852},"      # None\n",[14,21293,21294,21295,21297],{},"Both lines print ",[17,21296,1103],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,21299,21300,21301,1161],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[17,21302,4074],{},[58,21304,21306],{"className":60,"code":21305,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[17,21307,21308,21344,21348,21369],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,21309,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21336,21338,21340,21342],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,21311,9352],{"class":73},[67,21313,78],{"class":77},[67,21315,10678],{"class":81},[67,21317,240],{"class":239},[67,21319,7860],{"class":243},[67,21321,240],{"class":239},[67,21323,1161],{"class":81},[67,21325,251],{"class":239},[67,21327,986],{"class":243},[67,21329,240],{"class":239},[67,21331,89],{"class":81},[67,21333,251],{"class":239},[67,21335,21230],{"class":243},[67,21337,240],{"class":239},[67,21339,1161],{"class":81},[67,21341,4044],{"class":4043},[67,21343,9496],{"class":81},[67,21345,21346],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,21347,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,21349,21350,21352,21354,21356,21358,21360,21363,21365,21367],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,21351,135],{"class":134},[67,21353,138],{"class":81},[67,21355,240],{"class":239},[67,21357,21230],{"class":243},[67,21359,240],{"class":239},[67,21361,21362],{"class":1167}," in",[67,21364,14753],{"class":117},[67,21366,3849],{"class":81},[67,21368,3853],{"class":3852},[67,21370,21371,21373,21375,21377,21379,21381,21383,21385,21387],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,21372,135],{"class":134},[67,21374,138],{"class":81},[67,21376,240],{"class":239},[67,21378,10596],{"class":243},[67,21380,240],{"class":239},[67,21382,21362],{"class":1167},[67,21384,14753],{"class":117},[67,21386,3849],{"class":81},[67,21388,21389],{"class":3852},"      # False\n",[14,21391,21392,21393,114],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[45,21394,21395],{"href":17341},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[53,21397,1907],{"id":1906},[14,21399,21400,21401,1161],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[17,21402,10927],{},[25,21404,21405,21410,21417,21422],{},[28,21406,21407,21408],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[17,21409,19875],{},[28,21411,4894,21412,2584,21414,21416],{},[17,21413,10927],{},[17,21415,1103],{}," if no default is provided",[28,21418,4768,21419,21421],{},[17,21420,10927],{}," creates a key automatically",[28,21423,21424],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21426,21427],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[58,21429,21431],{"className":60,"code":21430,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[17,21432,21433,21443,21457,21475,21497],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,21434,21435,21437,21439,21441],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,21436,135],{"class":134},[67,21438,138],{"class":81},[67,21440,11637],{"class":117},[67,21442,144],{"class":81},[67,21444,21445,21447,21449,21451,21453,21455],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,21446,135],{"class":134},[67,21448,138],{"class":81},[67,21450,11637],{"class":117},[67,21452,114],{"class":81},[67,21454,17111],{"class":117},[67,21456,1239],{"class":81},[67,21458,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471,21473],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,21460,135],{"class":134},[67,21462,138],{"class":81},[67,21464,333],{"class":239},[67,21466,7860],{"class":243},[67,21468,333],{"class":239},[67,21470,21362],{"class":1167},[67,21472,11955],{"class":117},[67,21474,144],{"class":81},[67,21476,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489,21491,21493,21495],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,21478,135],{"class":134},[67,21480,138],{"class":81},[67,21482,11637],{"class":117},[67,21484,114],{"class":81},[67,21486,19938],{"class":117},[67,21488,138],{"class":81},[67,21490,333],{"class":239},[67,21492,7860],{"class":243},[67,21494,333],{"class":239},[67,21496,1426],{"class":81},[67,21498,21499,21501,21503,21505,21507,21509,21511,21513,21515,21517,21519,21521],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,21500,135],{"class":134},[67,21502,138],{"class":81},[67,21504,2011],{"class":362},[67,21506,138],{"class":81},[67,21508,11637],{"class":117},[67,21510,114],{"class":81},[67,21512,19938],{"class":117},[67,21514,138],{"class":81},[67,21516,333],{"class":239},[67,21518,7860],{"class":243},[67,21520,333],{"class":239},[67,21522,3102],{"class":81},[14,21524,21525],{},"What these checks tell you:",[25,21527,21528,21533,21539,21545,21551],{},[28,21529,21530,21532],{},[17,21531,12869],{}," shows the full dictionary",[28,21534,21535,21538],{},[17,21536,21537],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[28,21540,21541,21544],{},[17,21542,21543],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[28,21546,21547,21550],{},[17,21548,21549],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[28,21552,21553,21556],{},[17,21554,21555],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21558,21559,21560,961,21565,21569],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[45,21561,21562,21563,946],{"href":17250},"the dictionary ",[17,21564,17253],{},[45,21566,21562,21567,946],{"href":17263},[17,21568,17266],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[53,21571,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,21573,12894,21575,21577,21578,2681],{"id":21574},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[17,21576,10927],{}," raise ",[17,21579,19875],{},[14,21581,21582,21583,21585],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[17,21584,1103],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1109,21587,12894,21589,21591],{"id":21588},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[17,21590,10927],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21593,21594],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1109,21596,21598,21599,2681],{"id":21597},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[17,21600,10927],{},[14,21602,21603,21605],{},[17,21604,1103],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1109,21607,21609,21610,21612],{"id":21608},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[17,21611,10927],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21614,185,21615,21617],{},[17,21616,10927],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[53,21619,2094],{"id":2093},[25,21621,21622,21626,21632,21638,21642,21647],{},[28,21623,21624],{},[45,21625,9342],{"href":9341},[28,21627,21628],{},[45,21629,10924,21630,946],{"href":17250},[17,21631,17253],{},[28,21633,21634],{},[45,21635,10924,21636,946],{"href":17263},[17,21637,17266],{},[28,21639,21640],{},[45,21641,17342],{"href":17341},[28,21643,21644],{},[45,21645,21646],{"href":16784},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[28,21648,21649],{},[45,21650,11449],{"href":11261},[2122,21652,21653],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21664,21665],{"id":20576,"depth":124,"text":20577},{"id":19938,"depth":124,"text":10927},{"id":20775,"depth":103,"text":20776},{"id":20988,"depth":103,"text":20989,"children":21668},[21669,21671,21673],{"id":20997,"depth":124,"text":21670},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21083,"depth":124,"text":21672},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21173,"depth":124,"text":21674},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":21677},[21678,21680,21682,21684],{"id":21574,"depth":124,"text":21679},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21588,"depth":124,"text":21681},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21597,"depth":124,"text":21683},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21608,"depth":124,"text":21685},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19856,"description":21687},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21694,"title":21695,"body":21696,"description":24252,"extension":2153,"meta":24253,"navigation":127,"path":24254,"seo":24255,"stem":24256,"__hash__":24257},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21697,"toc":24218},[21698,21703,21709,21715,21717,21799,21803,21820,21825,21830,21835,21837,21851,21853,21916,21920,21960,21968,21970,21972,21987,21990,22003,22005,22084,22088,22154,22156,22160,22168,22170,22181,22183,22293,22297,22376,22382,22388,22393,22506,22510,22542,22545,22652,22658,22665,22669,22672,22775,22779,22840,22843,22846,22857,22866,22869,22886,22888,22987,22991,23066,23069,23092,23097,23102,23119,23121,23242,23246,23280,23282,23287,23294,23304,23306,23384,23387,23458,23468,23471,23502,23505,23544,23550,23557,23560,23651,23655,23736,23742,23745,23748,23853,23856,23859,23981,23985,23988,24055,24059,24096,24102,24104,24110,24115,24121,24128,24134,24137,24176,24182,24185,24187,24215],[10,21699,11505,21701,11509],{"id":21700},"python-dictionary-items-method",[17,21702,17266],{},[14,21704,379,21705,21708],{},[17,21706,21707],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21710,21711,21712,21714],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[17,21713,17266],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[53,21716,56],{"id":55},[58,21718,21720],{"className":60,"code":21719,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[17,21721,21722,21758,21762,21785],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,21723,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,21725,13390],{"class":73},[67,21727,78],{"class":77},[67,21729,10678],{"class":81},[67,21731,240],{"class":239},[67,21733,7860],{"class":243},[67,21735,240],{"class":239},[67,21737,1161],{"class":81},[67,21739,251],{"class":239},[67,21741,986],{"class":243},[67,21743,240],{"class":239},[67,21745,89],{"class":81},[67,21747,251],{"class":239},[67,21749,9486],{"class":243},[67,21751,240],{"class":239},[67,21753,1161],{"class":81},[67,21755,9493],{"class":85},[67,21757,9496],{"class":81},[67,21759,21760],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,21761,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,21763,21764,21766,21769,21771,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,21765,6150],{"class":1167},[67,21767,21768],{"class":73}," key",[67,21770,89],{"class":81},[67,21772,21773],{"class":73}," value ",[67,21775,4074],{"class":1167},[67,21777,13433],{"class":73},[67,21779,114],{"class":81},[67,21781,1141],{"class":117},[67,21783,21784],{"class":81},"():\n",[67,21786,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,21788,1228],{"class":134},[67,21790,138],{"class":81},[67,21792,15028],{"class":117},[67,21794,89],{"class":81},[67,21796,8620],{"class":117},[67,21798,144],{"class":81},[14,21800,21801],{},[3934,21802,159],{},[58,21804,21806],{"className":60,"code":21805,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[17,21807,21808,21813],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,21809,21810],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,21811,21812],{"class":73},"name Ana\n",[67,21814,21815,21818],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,21816,21817],{"class":73},"age ",[67,21819,2899],{"class":85},[14,21821,185,21822,21824],{},[17,21823,17266],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[53,21826,3867,21828,3870],{"id":21827},"what-items-does",[17,21829,17266],{},[14,21831,21832,21834],{},[17,21833,17266],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21836,11646],{},[25,21838,21839,21845,21848],{},[28,21840,21841,21842],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[17,21843,21844],{},"(key, value)",[28,21846,21847],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[28,21849,21850],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21852,222],{},[58,21854,21856],{"className":60,"code":21855,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[17,21857,21858,21894,21898],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,21859,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,21861,13390],{"class":73},[67,21863,78],{"class":77},[67,21865,10678],{"class":81},[67,21867,240],{"class":239},[67,21869,7860],{"class":243},[67,21871,240],{"class":239},[67,21873,1161],{"class":81},[67,21875,251],{"class":239},[67,21877,986],{"class":243},[67,21879,240],{"class":239},[67,21881,89],{"class":81},[67,21883,251],{"class":239},[67,21885,9486],{"class":243},[67,21887,240],{"class":239},[67,21889,1161],{"class":81},[67,21891,9493],{"class":85},[67,21893,9496],{"class":81},[67,21895,21896],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,21897,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,21899,21900,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,21901,135],{"class":134},[67,21903,138],{"class":81},[67,21905,363],{"class":362},[67,21907,138],{"class":81},[67,21909,17495],{"class":117},[67,21911,114],{"class":81},[67,21913,1141],{"class":117},[67,21915,6482],{"class":81},[14,21917,21918],{},[3934,21919,159],{},[58,21921,21923],{"className":60,"code":21922,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[17,21924,21925],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,21926,21927,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,21928,21929],{"class":81},"[(",[67,21931,333],{"class":239},[67,21933,7860],{"class":243},[67,21935,333],{"class":239},[67,21937,89],{"class":81},[67,21939,342],{"class":239},[67,21941,986],{"class":243},[67,21943,333],{"class":239},[67,21945,9420],{"class":81},[67,21947,9423],{"class":81},[67,21949,333],{"class":239},[67,21951,9486],{"class":243},[67,21953,333],{"class":239},[67,21955,89],{"class":81},[67,21957,9493],{"class":85},[67,21959,9436],{"class":81},[14,21961,21962,21963,3068,21965,114],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[45,21964,9342],{"href":13212},[45,21966,15212],{"href":21967},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[53,21969,352],{"id":351},[14,21971,5625],{},[58,21973,21975],{"className":60,"code":21974,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_dict.items()\n",[17,21976,21977],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,21978,21979,21981,21983,21985],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,21980,11637],{"class":73},[67,21982,114],{"class":81},[67,21984,1141],{"class":117},[67,21986,121],{"class":81},[14,21988,21989],{},"Things to remember:",[25,21991,21992,21997,22000],{},[28,21993,21994,21996],{},[17,21995,17266],{}," does not take any arguments",[28,21998,21999],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[28,22001,22002],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,22004,222],{},[58,22006,22008],{"className":60,"code":22007,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[17,22009,22010,22042,22046,22060,22064,22074],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,22011,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,22013,5252],{"class":73},[67,22015,78],{"class":77},[67,22017,10678],{"class":81},[67,22019,240],{"class":239},[67,22021,5193],{"class":243},[67,22023,240],{"class":239},[67,22025,1161],{"class":81},[67,22027,20086],{"class":85},[67,22029,89],{"class":81},[67,22031,251],{"class":239},[67,22033,5202],{"class":243},[67,22035,240],{"class":239},[67,22037,1161],{"class":81},[67,22039,13693],{"class":85},[67,22041,9496],{"class":81},[67,22043,22044],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,22045,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,22047,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,22049,2416],{"class":73},[67,22051,78],{"class":77},[67,22053,5299],{"class":73},[67,22055,114],{"class":81},[67,22057,1141],{"class":117},[67,22059,121],{"class":81},[67,22061,22062],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,22063,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,22065,22066,22068,22070,22072],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,22067,135],{"class":134},[67,22069,138],{"class":81},[67,22071,2451],{"class":117},[67,22073,144],{"class":81},[67,22075,22076,22078,22080,22082],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,22077,135],{"class":134},[67,22079,138],{"class":81},[67,22081,16576],{"class":117},[67,22083,144],{"class":81},[14,22085,22086],{},[3934,22087,159],{},[58,22089,22091],{"className":60,"code":22090,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[17,22092,22093,22126],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,22094,22095,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,22096,22097],{"class":117},"dict_items",[67,22099,9845],{"class":81},[67,22101,333],{"class":239},[67,22103,5193],{"class":243},[67,22105,333],{"class":239},[67,22107,89],{"class":81},[67,22109,20086],{"class":85},[67,22111,9420],{"class":81},[67,22113,9423],{"class":81},[67,22115,333],{"class":239},[67,22117,5202],{"class":243},[67,22119,333],{"class":239},[67,22121,89],{"class":81},[67,22123,13693],{"class":85},[67,22125,10866],{"class":81},[67,22127,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,22129,9465],{"class":81},[67,22131,333],{"class":239},[67,22133,5193],{"class":243},[67,22135,333],{"class":239},[67,22137,1161],{"class":81},[67,22139,20086],{"class":85},[67,22141,89],{"class":81},[67,22143,342],{"class":239},[67,22145,5202],{"class":243},[67,22147,333],{"class":239},[67,22149,1161],{"class":81},[67,22151,13693],{"class":85},[67,22153,9496],{"class":81},[14,22155,21080],{},[53,22157,22159],{"id":22158},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,22161,22162,22164,22165,22167],{},[17,22163,17266],{}," returns a ",[17,22166,22097],{}," view object.",[14,22169,2296],{},[25,22171,22172,22175,22178],{},[28,22173,22174],{},"You can loop over it",[28,22176,22177],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[28,22179,22180],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,22182,222],{},[58,22184,22186],{"className":60,"code":22185,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[17,22187,22188,22220,22234,22238,22252,22256,22275,22279],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,22189,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,22191,9352],{"class":73},[67,22193,78],{"class":77},[67,22195,10678],{"class":81},[67,22197,240],{"class":239},[67,22199,2361],{"class":243},[67,22201,240],{"class":239},[67,22203,1161],{"class":81},[67,22205,5689],{"class":85},[67,22207,89],{"class":81},[67,22209,251],{"class":239},[67,22211,11934],{"class":243},[67,22213,240],{"class":239},[67,22215,1161],{"class":81},[67,22217,3182],{"class":85},[67,22219,9496],{"class":81},[67,22221,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,22223,9402],{"class":73},[67,22225,78],{"class":77},[67,22227,14753],{"class":73},[67,22229,114],{"class":81},[67,22231,1141],{"class":117},[67,22233,121],{"class":81},[67,22235,22236],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,22237,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,22239,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,22241,135],{"class":134},[67,22243,138],{"class":81},[67,22245,363],{"class":362},[67,22247,138],{"class":81},[67,22249,9449],{"class":117},[67,22251,1426],{"class":81},[67,22253,22254],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,22255,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,22257,22258,22260,22262,22264,22267,22269,22271,22273],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,22259,9391],{"class":73},[67,22261,174],{"class":81},[67,22263,240],{"class":239},[67,22265,22266],{"class":243},"z",[67,22268,240],{"class":239},[67,22270,13459],{"class":81},[67,22272,13462],{"class":77},[67,22274,2767],{"class":85},[67,22276,22277],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,22278,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,22280,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,22282,135],{"class":134},[67,22284,138],{"class":81},[67,22286,363],{"class":362},[67,22288,138],{"class":81},[67,22290,9449],{"class":117},[67,22292,1426],{"class":81},[14,22294,22295],{},[3934,22296,159],{},[58,22298,22300],{"className":60,"code":22299,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[17,22301,22302,22332],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,22303,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,22305,21929],{"class":81},[67,22307,333],{"class":239},[67,22309,2361],{"class":243},[67,22311,333],{"class":239},[67,22313,89],{"class":81},[67,22315,5689],{"class":85},[67,22317,9420],{"class":81},[67,22319,9423],{"class":81},[67,22321,333],{"class":239},[67,22323,11934],{"class":243},[67,22325,333],{"class":239},[67,22327,89],{"class":81},[67,22329,3182],{"class":85},[67,22331,9436],{"class":81},[67,22333,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,22335,21929],{"class":81},[67,22337,333],{"class":239},[67,22339,2361],{"class":243},[67,22341,333],{"class":239},[67,22343,89],{"class":81},[67,22345,5689],{"class":85},[67,22347,9420],{"class":81},[67,22349,9423],{"class":81},[67,22351,333],{"class":239},[67,22353,11934],{"class":243},[67,22355,333],{"class":239},[67,22357,89],{"class":81},[67,22359,3182],{"class":85},[67,22361,9420],{"class":81},[67,22363,9423],{"class":81},[67,22365,333],{"class":239},[67,22367,22266],{"class":243},[67,22369,333],{"class":239},[67,22371,89],{"class":81},[67,22373,2639],{"class":85},[67,22375,9436],{"class":81},[14,22377,22378,22379,22381],{},"This happens because ",[17,22380,9449],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[53,22383,22385,22386],{"id":22384},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[17,22387,17266],{},[14,22389,22390,22391,1161],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[17,22392,17266],{},[58,22394,22396],{"className":60,"code":22395,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[17,22397,22398,22451,22455,22475],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,22399,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418,22420,22422,22424,22426,22428,22430,22432,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,22401,13053],{"class":73},[67,22403,78],{"class":77},[67,22405,10678],{"class":81},[67,22407,240],{"class":239},[67,22409,7860],{"class":243},[67,22411,240],{"class":239},[67,22413,1161],{"class":81},[67,22415,251],{"class":239},[67,22417,8110],{"class":243},[67,22419,240],{"class":239},[67,22421,89],{"class":81},[67,22423,251],{"class":239},[67,22425,20079],{"class":243},[67,22427,240],{"class":239},[67,22429,1161],{"class":81},[67,22431,251],{"class":239},[67,22433,22434],{"class":243},"A",[67,22436,240],{"class":239},[67,22438,89],{"class":81},[67,22440,251],{"class":239},[67,22442,9486],{"class":243},[67,22444,240],{"class":239},[67,22446,1161],{"class":81},[67,22448,14044],{"class":85},[67,22450,9496],{"class":81},[67,22452,22453],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,22454,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,22456,22457,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,22458,6150],{"class":1167},[67,22460,21768],{"class":73},[67,22462,89],{"class":81},[67,22464,21773],{"class":73},[67,22466,4074],{"class":1167},[67,22468,13095],{"class":73},[67,22470,114],{"class":81},[67,22472,1141],{"class":117},[67,22474,21784],{"class":81},[67,22476,22477,22479,22481,22484,22486,22488,22490,22493,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,22478,1228],{"class":134},[67,22480,138],{"class":81},[67,22482,22483],{"class":2254},"f",[67,22485,240],{"class":243},[67,22487,9465],{"class":85},[67,22489,15028],{"class":117},[67,22491,22492],{"class":85},"}",[67,22494,22495],{"class":243},": ",[67,22497,9465],{"class":85},[67,22499,2661],{"class":117},[67,22501,22492],{"class":85},[67,22503,240],{"class":243},[67,22505,144],{"class":81},[14,22507,22508],{},[3934,22509,159],{},[58,22511,22513],{"className":60,"code":22512,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[17,22514,22515,22524,22533],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,22516,22517,22519,22521],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,22518,7860],{"class":73},[67,22520,1161],{"class":81},[67,22522,22523],{"class":73}," Mia\n",[67,22525,22526,22528,22530],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,22527,20079],{"class":73},[67,22529,1161],{"class":81},[67,22531,22532],{"class":73}," A\n",[67,22534,22535,22537,22539],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,22536,9486],{"class":73},[67,22538,1161],{"class":81},[67,22540,22541],{"class":85}," 14\n",[14,22543,22544],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[58,22546,22548],{"className":60,"code":22547,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[17,22549,22550,22602,22606,22618],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,22551,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,22553,13053],{"class":73},[67,22555,78],{"class":77},[67,22557,10678],{"class":81},[67,22559,240],{"class":239},[67,22561,7860],{"class":243},[67,22563,240],{"class":239},[67,22565,1161],{"class":81},[67,22567,251],{"class":239},[67,22569,8110],{"class":243},[67,22571,240],{"class":239},[67,22573,89],{"class":81},[67,22575,251],{"class":239},[67,22577,20079],{"class":243},[67,22579,240],{"class":239},[67,22581,1161],{"class":81},[67,22583,251],{"class":239},[67,22585,22434],{"class":243},[67,22587,240],{"class":239},[67,22589,89],{"class":81},[67,22591,251],{"class":239},[67,22593,9486],{"class":243},[67,22595,240],{"class":239},[67,22597,1161],{"class":81},[67,22599,14044],{"class":85},[67,22601,9496],{"class":81},[67,22603,22604],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,22605,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,22607,22608,22610,22612,22614,22616],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,22609,6150],{"class":1167},[67,22611,18396],{"class":73},[67,22613,4074],{"class":1167},[67,22615,13095],{"class":73},[67,22617,1223],{"class":81},[67,22619,22620,22622,22624,22626,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648,22650],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,22621,1228],{"class":134},[67,22623,138],{"class":81},[67,22625,22483],{"class":2254},[67,22627,240],{"class":243},[67,22629,9465],{"class":85},[67,22631,15028],{"class":117},[67,22633,22492],{"class":85},[67,22635,22495],{"class":243},[67,22637,9465],{"class":85},[67,22639,13812],{"class":117},[67,22641,174],{"class":81},[67,22643,15028],{"class":117},[67,22645,13459],{"class":81},[67,22647,22492],{"class":85},[67,22649,240],{"class":243},[67,22651,144],{"class":81},[14,22653,6702,22654,22657],{},[17,22655,22656],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22659,22660,22661,114],{},"For a full guide, see ",[45,22662,22664],{"href":22663},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[53,22666,22668],{"id":22667},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22670,22671],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[58,22673,22675],{"className":60,"code":22674,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[17,22676,22677,22736,22740,22760,22764],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,22678,22679,22681,22683,22685,22687,22689,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707,22709,22711,22714,22716,22718,22720,22723,22725,22727,22729,22732,22734],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,22680,232],{"class":73},[67,22682,78],{"class":77},[67,22684,10678],{"class":81},[67,22686,240],{"class":239},[67,22688,689],{"class":243},[67,22690,240],{"class":239},[67,22692,1161],{"class":81},[67,22694,251],{"class":239},[67,22696,244],{"class":243},[67,22698,240],{"class":239},[67,22700,89],{"class":81},[67,22702,251],{"class":239},[67,22704,698],{"class":243},[67,22706,240],{"class":239},[67,22708,1161],{"class":81},[67,22710,251],{"class":239},[67,22712,22713],{"class":243},"yellow",[67,22715,240],{"class":239},[67,22717,89],{"class":81},[67,22719,251],{"class":239},[67,22721,22722],{"class":243},"grape",[67,22724,240],{"class":239},[67,22726,1161],{"class":81},[67,22728,251],{"class":239},[67,22730,22731],{"class":243},"purple",[67,22733,240],{"class":239},[67,22735,9496],{"class":81},[67,22737,22738],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,22739,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,22741,22742,22745,22747,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,22743,22744],{"class":73},"pairs_list ",[67,22746,78],{"class":77},[67,22748,22749],{"class":362}," list",[67,22751,138],{"class":81},[67,22753,312],{"class":117},[67,22755,114],{"class":81},[67,22757,1141],{"class":117},[67,22759,1239],{"class":81},[67,22761,22762],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,22763,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,22765,22766,22768,22770,22773],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,22767,135],{"class":134},[67,22769,138],{"class":81},[67,22771,22772],{"class":117},"pairs_list",[67,22774,144],{"class":81},[14,22776,22777],{},[3934,22778,159],{},[58,22780,22782],{"className":60,"code":22781,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[17,22783,22784],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,22785,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830,22832,22834,22836,22838],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,22787,21929],{"class":81},[67,22789,333],{"class":239},[67,22791,689],{"class":243},[67,22793,333],{"class":239},[67,22795,89],{"class":81},[67,22797,342],{"class":239},[67,22799,244],{"class":243},[67,22801,333],{"class":239},[67,22803,9420],{"class":81},[67,22805,9423],{"class":81},[67,22807,333],{"class":239},[67,22809,698],{"class":243},[67,22811,333],{"class":239},[67,22813,89],{"class":81},[67,22815,342],{"class":239},[67,22817,22713],{"class":243},[67,22819,333],{"class":239},[67,22821,9420],{"class":81},[67,22823,9423],{"class":81},[67,22825,333],{"class":239},[67,22827,22722],{"class":243},[67,22829,333],{"class":239},[67,22831,89],{"class":81},[67,22833,342],{"class":239},[67,22835,22731],{"class":243},[67,22837,333],{"class":239},[67,22839,9436],{"class":81},[14,22841,22842],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22844,22845],{},"Use this when:",[25,22847,22848,22851,22854],{},[28,22849,22850],{},"You want clearer printed output",[28,22852,22853],{},"You need list behavior",[28,22855,22856],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[53,22858,22860,10773,22862,10773,22864],{"id":22859},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[17,22861,17266],{},[17,22863,17253],{},[17,22865,17259],{},[14,22867,22868],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[25,22870,22871,22876,22881],{},[28,22872,22873,22875],{},[17,22874,17266],{}," gives both key and value",[28,22877,22878,22880],{},[17,22879,17253],{}," gives only keys",[28,22882,22883,22885],{},[17,22884,17259],{}," gives only values",[14,22887,222],{},[58,22889,22891],{"className":60,"code":22890,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[17,22892,22893,22929,22933,22951,22969],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,22894,22895,22897,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911,22913,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,22896,13390],{"class":73},[67,22898,78],{"class":77},[67,22900,10678],{"class":81},[67,22902,240],{"class":239},[67,22904,7860],{"class":243},[67,22906,240],{"class":239},[67,22908,1161],{"class":81},[67,22910,251],{"class":239},[67,22912,986],{"class":243},[67,22914,240],{"class":239},[67,22916,89],{"class":81},[67,22918,251],{"class":239},[67,22920,9486],{"class":243},[67,22922,240],{"class":239},[67,22924,1161],{"class":81},[67,22926,9493],{"class":85},[67,22928,9496],{"class":81},[67,22930,22931],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,22932,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,22934,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,22936,135],{"class":134},[67,22938,138],{"class":81},[67,22940,363],{"class":362},[67,22942,138],{"class":81},[67,22944,17495],{"class":117},[67,22946,114],{"class":81},[67,22948,17111],{"class":117},[67,22950,6482],{"class":81},[67,22952,22953,22955,22957,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,22954,135],{"class":134},[67,22956,138],{"class":81},[67,22958,363],{"class":362},[67,22960,138],{"class":81},[67,22962,17495],{"class":117},[67,22964,114],{"class":81},[67,22966,5549],{"class":117},[67,22968,6482],{"class":81},[67,22970,22971,22973,22975,22977,22979,22981,22983,22985],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,22972,135],{"class":134},[67,22974,138],{"class":81},[67,22976,363],{"class":362},[67,22978,138],{"class":81},[67,22980,17495],{"class":117},[67,22982,114],{"class":81},[67,22984,1141],{"class":117},[67,22986,6482],{"class":81},[14,22988,22989],{},[3934,22990,159],{},[58,22992,22994],{"className":60,"code":22993,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[17,22995,22996,23016,23032],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,22997,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,22999,174],{"class":81},[67,23001,333],{"class":239},[67,23003,7860],{"class":243},[67,23005,333],{"class":239},[67,23007,89],{"class":81},[67,23009,342],{"class":239},[67,23011,9486],{"class":243},[67,23013,333],{"class":239},[67,23015,100],{"class":81},[67,23017,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026,23028,23030],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,23019,174],{"class":81},[67,23021,333],{"class":239},[67,23023,986],{"class":243},[67,23025,333],{"class":239},[67,23027,89],{"class":81},[67,23029,9493],{"class":85},[67,23031,100],{"class":81},[67,23033,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062,23064],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,23035,21929],{"class":81},[67,23037,333],{"class":239},[67,23039,7860],{"class":243},[67,23041,333],{"class":239},[67,23043,89],{"class":81},[67,23045,342],{"class":239},[67,23047,986],{"class":243},[67,23049,333],{"class":239},[67,23051,9420],{"class":81},[67,23053,9423],{"class":81},[67,23055,333],{"class":239},[67,23057,9486],{"class":243},[67,23059,333],{"class":239},[67,23061,89],{"class":81},[67,23063,9493],{"class":85},[67,23065,9436],{"class":81},[14,23067,23068],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[25,23070,23071,23079,23087],{},[28,23072,23073,23074],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[45,23075,23077],{"href":23076},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[17,23078,17253],{},[28,23080,23081,23082],{},"Need just values? Use ",[45,23083,23085],{"href":23084},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[17,23086,17259],{},[28,23088,23089,23090],{},"Need both together? Use ",[17,23091,17266],{},[53,23093,5151,23095],{"id":23094},"when-to-use-items",[17,23096,17266],{},[14,23098,23099,23101],{},[17,23100,17266],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[25,23103,23104,23107,23110,23113,23116],{},[28,23105,23106],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[28,23108,23109],{},"Building formatted output",[28,23111,23112],{},"Looping through settings and values",[28,23114,23115],{},"Showing names with scores",[28,23117,23118],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,23120,222],{},[58,23122,23124],{"className":60,"code":23123,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[17,23125,23126,23134,23152,23171,23183,23187,23191,23212],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,23127,23128,23130,23132],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,23129,14012],{"class":73},[67,23131,78],{"class":77},[67,23133,11681],{"class":81},[67,23135,23136,23138,23140,23142,23144,23146,23148,23150],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,23137,11686],{"class":239},[67,23139,12684],{"class":243},[67,23141,240],{"class":239},[67,23143,1161],{"class":81},[67,23145,251],{"class":239},[67,23147,12693],{"class":243},[67,23149,240],{"class":239},[67,23151,11702],{"class":81},[67,23153,23154,23156,23158,23160,23162,23164,23167,23169],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,23155,11686],{"class":239},[67,23157,20311],{"class":243},[67,23159,240],{"class":239},[67,23161,1161],{"class":81},[67,23163,251],{"class":239},[67,23165,23166],{"class":243},"English",[67,23168,240],{"class":239},[67,23170,11702],{"class":81},[67,23172,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,23174,11686],{"class":239},[67,23176,18712],{"class":243},[67,23178,240],{"class":239},[67,23180,1161],{"class":81},[67,23182,6614],{"class":4043},[67,23184,23185],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,23186,9496],{"class":81},[67,23188,23189],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,23190,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,23192,23193,23195,23198,23200,23202,23204,23206,23208,23210],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,23194,6150],{"class":1167},[67,23196,23197],{"class":73}," setting",[67,23199,89],{"class":81},[67,23201,21773],{"class":73},[67,23203,4074],{"class":1167},[67,23205,14056],{"class":73},[67,23207,114],{"class":81},[67,23209,1141],{"class":117},[67,23211,21784],{"class":81},[67,23213,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23227,23229,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,23215,1228],{"class":134},[67,23217,138],{"class":81},[67,23219,22483],{"class":2254},[67,23221,240],{"class":243},[67,23223,9465],{"class":85},[67,23225,23226],{"class":117},"setting",[67,23228,22492],{"class":85},[67,23230,23231],{"class":243}," = ",[67,23233,9465],{"class":85},[67,23235,2661],{"class":117},[67,23237,22492],{"class":85},[67,23239,240],{"class":243},[67,23241,144],{"class":81},[14,23243,23244],{},[3934,23245,159],{},[58,23247,23249],{"className":60,"code":23248,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[17,23250,23251,23261,23271],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,23252,23253,23256,23258],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,23254,23255],{"class":73},"theme ",[67,23257,78],{"class":77},[67,23259,23260],{"class":73}," dark\n",[67,23262,23263,23266,23268],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,23264,23265],{"class":73},"language ",[67,23267,78],{"class":77},[67,23269,23270],{"class":73}," English\n",[67,23272,23273,23276,23278],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,23274,23275],{"class":73},"notifications ",[67,23277,78],{"class":77},[67,23279,6614],{"class":4043},[53,23281,1907],{"id":1906},[14,23283,23284,23285,114],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[17,23286,17266],{},[1109,23288,23290,23291,23293],{"id":23289},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[17,23292,17266],{}," incorrectly",[14,23295,23296,23297,23299,23300,23303],{},"Each result from ",[17,23298,17266],{}," has ",[3934,23301,23302],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,23305,6880],{},[58,23307,23308],{"className":60,"code":21719,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,23309,23310,23346,23350,23370],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,23311,23312,23314,23316,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342,23344],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,23313,13390],{"class":73},[67,23315,78],{"class":77},[67,23317,10678],{"class":81},[67,23319,240],{"class":239},[67,23321,7860],{"class":243},[67,23323,240],{"class":239},[67,23325,1161],{"class":81},[67,23327,251],{"class":239},[67,23329,986],{"class":243},[67,23331,240],{"class":239},[67,23333,89],{"class":81},[67,23335,251],{"class":239},[67,23337,9486],{"class":243},[67,23339,240],{"class":239},[67,23341,1161],{"class":81},[67,23343,9493],{"class":85},[67,23345,9496],{"class":81},[67,23347,23348],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,23349,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,23351,23352,23354,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,23353,6150],{"class":1167},[67,23355,21768],{"class":73},[67,23357,89],{"class":81},[67,23359,21773],{"class":73},[67,23361,4074],{"class":1167},[67,23363,13433],{"class":73},[67,23365,114],{"class":81},[67,23367,1141],{"class":117},[67,23369,21784],{"class":81},[67,23371,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,23373,1228],{"class":134},[67,23375,138],{"class":81},[67,23377,15028],{"class":117},[67,23379,89],{"class":81},[67,23381,8620],{"class":117},[67,23383,144],{"class":81},[14,23385,23386],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[58,23388,23390],{"className":60,"code":23389,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[17,23391,23392,23428,23432,23448],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,23393,23394,23396,23398,23400,23402,23404,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,23395,13390],{"class":73},[67,23397,78],{"class":77},[67,23399,10678],{"class":81},[67,23401,240],{"class":239},[67,23403,7860],{"class":243},[67,23405,240],{"class":239},[67,23407,1161],{"class":81},[67,23409,251],{"class":239},[67,23411,986],{"class":243},[67,23413,240],{"class":239},[67,23415,89],{"class":81},[67,23417,251],{"class":239},[67,23419,9486],{"class":243},[67,23421,240],{"class":239},[67,23423,1161],{"class":81},[67,23425,9493],{"class":85},[67,23427,9496],{"class":81},[67,23429,23430],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,23431,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,23433,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442,23444,23446],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,23435,6150],{"class":1167},[67,23437,18396],{"class":73},[67,23439,4074],{"class":1167},[67,23441,13433],{"class":73},[67,23443,114],{"class":81},[67,23445,1141],{"class":117},[67,23447,21784],{"class":81},[67,23449,23450,23452,23454,23456],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,23451,1228],{"class":134},[67,23453,138],{"class":81},[67,23455,15028],{"class":117},[67,23457,144],{"class":81},[14,23459,23460,23461,23463,23464,23467],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[17,23462,15028],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[17,23465,23466],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23469,23470],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[58,23472,23474],{"className":60,"code":23473,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[17,23475,23476,23492],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,23477,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,23479,6150],{"class":1167},[67,23481,6153],{"class":73},[67,23483,4074],{"class":1167},[67,23485,13433],{"class":73},[67,23487,114],{"class":81},[67,23489,1141],{"class":117},[67,23491,21784],{"class":81},[67,23493,23494,23496,23498,23500],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,23495,1228],{"class":134},[67,23497,138],{"class":81},[67,23499,479],{"class":117},[67,23501,144],{"class":81},[14,23503,23504],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[58,23506,23508],{"className":60,"code":23507,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[17,23509,23510,23530],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,23511,23512,23514,23516,23518,23520,23522,23524,23526,23528],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,23513,6150],{"class":1167},[67,23515,21768],{"class":73},[67,23517,89],{"class":81},[67,23519,21773],{"class":73},[67,23521,4074],{"class":1167},[67,23523,13433],{"class":73},[67,23525,114],{"class":81},[67,23527,1141],{"class":117},[67,23529,21784],{"class":81},[67,23531,23532,23534,23536,23538,23540,23542],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,23533,1228],{"class":134},[67,23535,138],{"class":81},[67,23537,15028],{"class":117},[67,23539,89],{"class":81},[67,23541,8620],{"class":117},[67,23543,144],{"class":81},[1109,23545,1930,23547,23549],{"id":23546},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[17,23548,17266],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23551,23552,22164,23554,23556],{},[17,23553,17266],{},[17,23555,22097],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23558,23559],{},"Check it:",[58,23561,23563],{"className":60,"code":23562,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[17,23564,23565,23597,23601,23615,23633],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,23566,23567,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587,23589,23591,23593,23595],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,23568,11913],{"class":73},[67,23570,78],{"class":77},[67,23572,10678],{"class":81},[67,23574,240],{"class":239},[67,23576,45],{"class":243},[67,23578,240],{"class":239},[67,23580,1161],{"class":81},[67,23582,5689],{"class":85},[67,23584,89],{"class":81},[67,23586,251],{"class":239},[67,23588,428],{"class":243},[67,23590,240],{"class":239},[67,23592,1161],{"class":81},[67,23594,3182],{"class":85},[67,23596,9496],{"class":81},[67,23598,23599],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,23600,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,23602,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,23604,135],{"class":134},[67,23606,138],{"class":81},[67,23608,11637],{"class":117},[67,23610,114],{"class":81},[67,23612,1141],{"class":117},[67,23614,1239],{"class":81},[67,23616,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,23618,135],{"class":134},[67,23620,138],{"class":81},[67,23622,2011],{"class":362},[67,23624,138],{"class":81},[67,23626,11637],{"class":117},[67,23628,114],{"class":81},[67,23630,1141],{"class":117},[67,23632,6482],{"class":81},[67,23634,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,23636,135],{"class":134},[67,23638,138],{"class":81},[67,23640,363],{"class":362},[67,23642,138],{"class":81},[67,23644,11637],{"class":117},[67,23646,114],{"class":81},[67,23648,1141],{"class":117},[67,23650,6482],{"class":81},[14,23652,23653],{},[3934,23654,159],{},[58,23656,23658],{"className":60,"code":23657,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[17,23659,23660,23692,23706],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,23661,23662,23664,23666,23668,23670,23672,23674,23676,23678,23680,23682,23684,23686,23688,23690],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,23663,22097],{"class":117},[67,23665,9845],{"class":81},[67,23667,333],{"class":239},[67,23669,45],{"class":243},[67,23671,333],{"class":239},[67,23673,89],{"class":81},[67,23675,5689],{"class":85},[67,23677,9420],{"class":81},[67,23679,9423],{"class":81},[67,23681,333],{"class":239},[67,23683,428],{"class":243},[67,23685,333],{"class":239},[67,23687,89],{"class":81},[67,23689,3182],{"class":85},[67,23691,10866],{"class":81},[67,23693,23694,23696,23698,23700,23702,23704],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,23695,1397],{"class":77},[67,23697,3482],{"class":2254},[67,23699,342],{"class":239},[67,23701,22097],{"class":243},[67,23703,333],{"class":239},[67,23705,3491],{"class":77},[67,23707,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,23709,21929],{"class":81},[67,23711,333],{"class":239},[67,23713,45],{"class":243},[67,23715,333],{"class":239},[67,23717,89],{"class":81},[67,23719,5689],{"class":85},[67,23721,9420],{"class":81},[67,23723,9423],{"class":81},[67,23725,333],{"class":239},[67,23727,428],{"class":243},[67,23729,333],{"class":239},[67,23731,89],{"class":81},[67,23733,3182],{"class":85},[67,23735,9436],{"class":81},[1109,23737,23739,23740],{"id":23738},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[17,23741,17266],{},[14,23743,23744],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23746,23747],{},"Problem example:",[58,23749,23751],{"className":60,"code":23750,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[17,23752,23753,23797,23801,23821,23833],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,23754,23755,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781,23783,23785,23787,23789,23791,23793,23795],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,23756,74],{"class":73},[67,23758,78],{"class":77},[67,23760,10678],{"class":81},[67,23762,240],{"class":239},[67,23764,45],{"class":243},[67,23766,240],{"class":239},[67,23768,1161],{"class":81},[67,23770,5689],{"class":85},[67,23772,89],{"class":81},[67,23774,251],{"class":239},[67,23776,428],{"class":243},[67,23778,240],{"class":239},[67,23780,1161],{"class":81},[67,23782,3182],{"class":85},[67,23784,89],{"class":81},[67,23786,251],{"class":239},[67,23788,437],{"class":243},[67,23790,240],{"class":239},[67,23792,1161],{"class":81},[67,23794,2639],{"class":85},[67,23796,9496],{"class":81},[67,23798,23799],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,23800,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,23802,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817,23819],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,23804,6150],{"class":1167},[67,23806,21768],{"class":73},[67,23808,89],{"class":81},[67,23810,21773],{"class":73},[67,23812,4074],{"class":1167},[67,23814,111],{"class":73},[67,23816,114],{"class":81},[67,23818,1141],{"class":117},[67,23820,21784],{"class":81},[67,23822,23823,23825,23827,23829,23831],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,23824,6590],{"class":1167},[67,23826,21773],{"class":73},[67,23828,4878],{"class":77},[67,23830,3182],{"class":85},[67,23832,1223],{"class":81},[67,23834,23835,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,23836,23837],{"class":73},"        numbers",[67,23839,174],{"class":81},[67,23841,240],{"class":239},[67,23843,18955],{"class":243},[67,23845,240],{"class":239},[67,23847,13459],{"class":81},[67,23849,13462],{"class":77},[67,23851,23852],{"class":85}," 4\n",[14,23854,23855],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23857,23858],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[58,23860,23862],{"className":60,"code":23861,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,23863,23864,23908,23912,23937,23949,23967,23971],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,23865,23866,23868,23870,23872,23874,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888,23890,23892,23894,23896,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,23867,74],{"class":73},[67,23869,78],{"class":77},[67,23871,10678],{"class":81},[67,23873,240],{"class":239},[67,23875,45],{"class":243},[67,23877,240],{"class":239},[67,23879,1161],{"class":81},[67,23881,5689],{"class":85},[67,23883,89],{"class":81},[67,23885,251],{"class":239},[67,23887,428],{"class":243},[67,23889,240],{"class":239},[67,23891,1161],{"class":81},[67,23893,3182],{"class":85},[67,23895,89],{"class":81},[67,23897,251],{"class":239},[67,23899,437],{"class":243},[67,23901,240],{"class":239},[67,23903,1161],{"class":81},[67,23905,2639],{"class":85},[67,23907,9496],{"class":81},[67,23909,23910],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,23911,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,23913,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,23915,6150],{"class":1167},[67,23917,21768],{"class":73},[67,23919,89],{"class":81},[67,23921,21773],{"class":73},[67,23923,4074],{"class":1167},[67,23925,22749],{"class":362},[67,23927,138],{"class":81},[67,23929,154],{"class":117},[67,23931,114],{"class":81},[67,23933,1141],{"class":117},[67,23935,23936],{"class":81},"()):\n",[67,23938,23939,23941,23943,23945,23947],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,23940,6590],{"class":1167},[67,23942,21773],{"class":73},[67,23944,4878],{"class":77},[67,23946,3182],{"class":85},[67,23948,1223],{"class":81},[67,23950,23951,23953,23955,23957,23959,23961,23963,23965],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,23952,23837],{"class":73},[67,23954,174],{"class":81},[67,23956,240],{"class":239},[67,23958,18955],{"class":243},[67,23960,240],{"class":239},[67,23962,13459],{"class":81},[67,23964,13462],{"class":77},[67,23966,23852],{"class":85},[67,23968,23969],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,23970,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,23972,23973,23975,23977,23979],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,23974,135],{"class":134},[67,23976,138],{"class":81},[67,23978,154],{"class":117},[67,23980,144],{"class":81},[1109,23982,23984],{"id":23983},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23986,23987],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[58,23989,23991],{"className":60,"code":23990,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[17,23992,23993,24025,24029,24045],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,23994,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,23996,9352],{"class":73},[67,23998,78],{"class":77},[67,24000,10678],{"class":81},[67,24002,240],{"class":239},[67,24004,2361],{"class":243},[67,24006,240],{"class":239},[67,24008,1161],{"class":81},[67,24010,6196],{"class":85},[67,24012,89],{"class":81},[67,24014,251],{"class":239},[67,24016,11934],{"class":243},[67,24018,240],{"class":239},[67,24020,1161],{"class":81},[67,24022,92],{"class":85},[67,24024,9496],{"class":81},[67,24026,24027],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,24028,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,24030,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,24032,6150],{"class":1167},[67,24034,6153],{"class":73},[67,24036,4074],{"class":1167},[67,24038,14753],{"class":73},[67,24040,114],{"class":81},[67,24042,1141],{"class":117},[67,24044,21784],{"class":81},[67,24046,24047,24049,24051,24053],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,24048,1228],{"class":134},[67,24050,138],{"class":81},[67,24052,479],{"class":117},[67,24054,144],{"class":81},[14,24056,24057],{},[3934,24058,159],{},[58,24060,24062],{"className":60,"code":24061,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[17,24063,24064,24080],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,24065,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,24067,138],{"class":81},[67,24069,333],{"class":239},[67,24071,2361],{"class":243},[67,24073,333],{"class":239},[67,24075,89],{"class":81},[67,24077,6196],{"class":85},[67,24079,144],{"class":81},[67,24081,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,24083,138],{"class":81},[67,24085,333],{"class":239},[67,24087,11934],{"class":243},[67,24089,333],{"class":239},[67,24091,89],{"class":81},[67,24093,92],{"class":85},[67,24095,144],{"class":81},[14,24097,24098,24099,24101],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[17,24100,21844],{}," pair.",[53,24103,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,24105,24107,24108,5334],{"id":24106},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[17,24109,17266],{},[14,24111,17610,24112,24114],{},[17,24113,22097],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1109,24116,12894,24118,24120],{"id":24117},"does-items-return-a-list",[17,24119,17266],{}," return a list?",[14,24122,24123,24124,24127],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[17,24125,24126],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1109,24129,24131,24132,2681],{"id":24130},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[17,24133,17266],{},[14,24135,24136],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[58,24138,24140],{"className":60,"code":24139,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[17,24141,24142,24162],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,24143,24144,24146,24148,24150,24152,24154,24156,24158,24160],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,24145,6150],{"class":1167},[67,24147,21768],{"class":73},[67,24149,89],{"class":81},[67,24151,21773],{"class":73},[67,24153,4074],{"class":1167},[67,24155,11955],{"class":73},[67,24157,114],{"class":81},[67,24159,1141],{"class":117},[67,24161,21784],{"class":81},[67,24163,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,24165,1228],{"class":134},[67,24167,138],{"class":81},[67,24169,15028],{"class":117},[67,24171,89],{"class":81},[67,24173,8620],{"class":117},[67,24175,144],{"class":81},[1109,24177,12894,24179,24181],{"id":24178},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[17,24180,17266],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,24183,24184],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[53,24186,2094],{"id":2093},[25,24188,24189,24195,24201,24206,24210],{},[28,24190,24191],{},[45,24192,10924,24193,946],{"href":23076},[17,24194,17253],{},[28,24196,24197],{},[45,24198,10924,24199,946],{"href":23084},[17,24200,17259],{},[28,24202,24203],{},[45,24204,24205],{"href":22663},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[28,24207,24208],{},[45,24209,9342],{"href":13212},[28,24211,24212],{},[45,24213,24214],{"href":21967},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2122,24216,24217],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":24219},[24220,24221,24223,24224,24225,24227,24228,24230,24232,24241,24251],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":21827,"depth":103,"text":24222},"What items() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":22158,"depth":103,"text":22159},{"id":22384,"depth":103,"text":24226},"Looping with items()",{"id":22667,"depth":103,"text":22668},{"id":22859,"depth":103,"text":24229},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23094,"depth":103,"text":24231},"When to use items()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":24233},[24234,24236,24238,24240],{"id":23289,"depth":124,"text":24235},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23546,"depth":124,"text":24237},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23738,"depth":124,"text":24239},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23983,"depth":124,"text":23984},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":24242},[24243,24245,24247,24249],{"id":24106,"depth":124,"text":24244},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24117,"depth":124,"text":24246},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24130,"depth":124,"text":24248},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24178,"depth":124,"text":24250},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21695,"description":24252},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24259,"title":24260,"body":24261,"description":26351,"extension":2153,"meta":26352,"navigation":127,"path":23076,"seo":26353,"stem":26354,"__hash__":26355},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24262,"toc":26317},[24263,24268,24274,24277,24288,24295,24297,24380,24384,24431,24436,24441,24446,24448,24464,24466,24565,24569,24626,24629,24631,24634,24727,24731,24794,24797,24812,24817,24819,24821,24836,24838,24849,24851,24894,24897,24941,24944,24946,24953,24956,24973,24975,25068,25072,25113,25125,25129,25132,25220,25224,25244,25247,25274,25281,25286,25290,25301,25303,25407,25411,25437,25440,25507,25512,25515,25538,25543,25547,25552,25558,25563,25565,25620,25624,25651,25658,25664,25667,25692,25698,25724,25727,25802,25809,25814,25816,25855,25873,25877,25880,25923,25926,25928,25947,25949,25954,25979,25982,26052,26055,26128,26132,26134,26195,26198,26214,26216,26221,26226,26233,26242,26248,26254,26261,26267,26271,26276,26278,26314],[10,24264,11505,24266,11509],{"id":24265},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[17,24267,17253],{},[14,24269,24270,24271,24273],{},"The Python dictionary ",[17,24272,17253],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24275,24276],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[25,24278,24279,24282,24285],{},[28,24280,24281],{},"view the available keys",[28,24283,24284],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[28,24286,24287],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,24289,24290,24292,24293,114],{},[17,24291,17253],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[17,24294,17202],{},[53,24296,56],{"id":55},[58,24298,24300],{"className":60,"code":24299,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[17,24301,24302,24338,24352,24356,24366],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,24303,24304,24306,24308,24310,24312,24314,24316,24318,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,24305,13053],{"class":73},[67,24307,78],{"class":77},[67,24309,10678],{"class":81},[67,24311,240],{"class":239},[67,24313,7860],{"class":243},[67,24315,240],{"class":239},[67,24317,1161],{"class":81},[67,24319,251],{"class":239},[67,24321,986],{"class":243},[67,24323,240],{"class":239},[67,24325,89],{"class":81},[67,24327,251],{"class":239},[67,24329,9486],{"class":243},[67,24331,240],{"class":239},[67,24333,1161],{"class":81},[67,24335,92],{"class":85},[67,24337,9496],{"class":81},[67,24339,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,24341,17430],{"class":73},[67,24343,78],{"class":77},[67,24345,13095],{"class":73},[67,24347,114],{"class":81},[67,24349,17111],{"class":117},[67,24351,121],{"class":81},[67,24353,24354],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,24355,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,24357,24358,24360,24362,24364],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,24359,135],{"class":134},[67,24361,138],{"class":81},[67,24363,17111],{"class":117},[67,24365,144],{"class":81},[67,24367,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,24369,135],{"class":134},[67,24371,138],{"class":81},[67,24373,363],{"class":362},[67,24375,138],{"class":81},[67,24377,17111],{"class":117},[67,24379,1426],{"class":81},[14,24381,24382],{},[3934,24383,159],{},[58,24385,24387],{"className":60,"code":24386,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[17,24388,24389,24411],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,24390,24391,24393,24395,24397,24399,24401,24403,24405,24407,24409],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,24392,17202],{"class":117},[67,24394,370],{"class":81},[67,24396,333],{"class":239},[67,24398,7860],{"class":243},[67,24400,333],{"class":239},[67,24402,89],{"class":81},[67,24404,342],{"class":239},[67,24406,9486],{"class":243},[67,24408,333],{"class":239},[67,24410,376],{"class":81},[67,24412,24413,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423,24425,24427,24429],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,24414,174],{"class":81},[67,24416,333],{"class":239},[67,24418,7860],{"class":243},[67,24420,333],{"class":239},[67,24422,89],{"class":81},[67,24424,342],{"class":239},[67,24426,9486],{"class":243},[67,24428,333],{"class":239},[67,24430,100],{"class":81},[14,24432,185,24433,24435],{},[17,24434,17253],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[53,24437,3867,24439,3870],{"id":24438},"what-keys-does",[17,24440,17253],{},[14,24442,24443,24445],{},[17,24444,17253],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24447,11646],{},[25,24449,24450,24453,24456,24461],{},[28,24451,24452],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[28,24454,24455],{},"It does not need any arguments",[28,24457,17610,24458,24460],{},[17,24459,17202],{}," view object, not a list",[28,24462,24463],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24465,222],{},[58,24467,24469],{"className":60,"code":24468,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[17,24470,24471,24507,24511,24525,24529,24551],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,24472,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485,24487,24489,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,24474,13390],{"class":73},[67,24476,78],{"class":77},[67,24478,10678],{"class":81},[67,24480,240],{"class":239},[67,24482,7860],{"class":243},[67,24484,240],{"class":239},[67,24486,1161],{"class":81},[67,24488,251],{"class":239},[67,24490,13407],{"class":243},[67,24492,240],{"class":239},[67,24494,89],{"class":81},[67,24496,251],{"class":239},[67,24498,9486],{"class":243},[67,24500,240],{"class":239},[67,24502,1161],{"class":81},[67,24504,9493],{"class":85},[67,24506,9496],{"class":81},[67,24508,24509],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,24510,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,24512,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,24514,135],{"class":134},[67,24516,138],{"class":81},[67,24518,17495],{"class":117},[67,24520,114],{"class":81},[67,24522,17111],{"class":117},[67,24524,1239],{"class":81},[67,24526,24527],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,24528,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,24530,24531,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547,24549],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,24532,17495],{"class":73},[67,24534,174],{"class":81},[67,24536,240],{"class":239},[67,24538,10596],{"class":243},[67,24540,240],{"class":239},[67,24542,13459],{"class":81},[67,24544,13462],{"class":77},[67,24546,251],{"class":239},[67,24548,10603],{"class":243},[67,24550,3547],{"class":239},[67,24552,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,24554,135],{"class":134},[67,24556,138],{"class":81},[67,24558,17495],{"class":117},[67,24560,114],{"class":81},[67,24562,17111],{"class":117},[67,24564,1239],{"class":81},[14,24566,24567],{},[3934,24568,159],{},[58,24570,24572],{"className":60,"code":24571,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[17,24573,24574,24596],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,24575,24576,24578,24580,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,24577,17202],{"class":117},[67,24579,370],{"class":81},[67,24581,333],{"class":239},[67,24583,7860],{"class":243},[67,24585,333],{"class":239},[67,24587,89],{"class":81},[67,24589,342],{"class":239},[67,24591,9486],{"class":243},[67,24593,333],{"class":239},[67,24595,376],{"class":81},[67,24597,24598,24600,24602,24604,24606,24608,24610,24612,24614,24616,24618,24620,24622,24624],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,24599,17202],{"class":117},[67,24601,370],{"class":81},[67,24603,333],{"class":239},[67,24605,7860],{"class":243},[67,24607,333],{"class":239},[67,24609,89],{"class":81},[67,24611,342],{"class":239},[67,24613,9486],{"class":243},[67,24615,333],{"class":239},[67,24617,89],{"class":81},[67,24619,342],{"class":239},[67,24621,10596],{"class":243},[67,24623,333],{"class":239},[67,24625,376],{"class":81},[14,24627,24628],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[53,24630,5979],{"id":5978},[14,24632,24633],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[58,24635,24637],{"className":60,"code":24636,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[17,24638,24639,24691,24695,24709],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,24640,24641,24643,24645,24647,24649,24651,24653,24655,24657,24659,24661,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671,24673,24675,24677,24679,24681,24683,24685,24687,24689],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,24642,9352],{"class":73},[67,24644,78],{"class":77},[67,24646,10678],{"class":81},[67,24648,240],{"class":239},[67,24650,7860],{"class":243},[67,24652,240],{"class":239},[67,24654,1161],{"class":81},[67,24656,251],{"class":239},[67,24658,986],{"class":243},[67,24660,240],{"class":239},[67,24662,89],{"class":81},[67,24664,251],{"class":239},[67,24666,9486],{"class":243},[67,24668,240],{"class":239},[67,24670,1161],{"class":81},[67,24672,92],{"class":85},[67,24674,89],{"class":81},[67,24676,251],{"class":239},[67,24678,20079],{"class":243},[67,24680,240],{"class":239},[67,24682,1161],{"class":81},[67,24684,251],{"class":239},[67,24686,22434],{"class":243},[67,24688,240],{"class":239},[67,24690,9496],{"class":81},[67,24692,24693],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,24694,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,24696,24697,24699,24701,24703,24705,24707],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,24698,135],{"class":134},[67,24700,138],{"class":81},[67,24702,9391],{"class":117},[67,24704,114],{"class":81},[67,24706,17111],{"class":117},[67,24708,1239],{"class":81},[67,24710,24711,24713,24715,24717,24719,24721,24723,24725],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,24712,135],{"class":134},[67,24714,138],{"class":81},[67,24716,363],{"class":362},[67,24718,138],{"class":81},[67,24720,9391],{"class":117},[67,24722,114],{"class":81},[67,24724,17111],{"class":117},[67,24726,6482],{"class":81},[14,24728,24729],{},[3934,24730,159],{},[58,24732,24734],{"className":60,"code":24733,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[17,24735,24736,24766],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,24737,24738,24740,24742,24744,24746,24748,24750,24752,24754,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,24739,17202],{"class":117},[67,24741,370],{"class":81},[67,24743,333],{"class":239},[67,24745,7860],{"class":243},[67,24747,333],{"class":239},[67,24749,89],{"class":81},[67,24751,342],{"class":239},[67,24753,9486],{"class":243},[67,24755,333],{"class":239},[67,24757,89],{"class":81},[67,24759,342],{"class":239},[67,24761,20079],{"class":243},[67,24763,333],{"class":239},[67,24765,376],{"class":81},[67,24767,24768,24770,24772,24774,24776,24778,24780,24782,24784,24786,24788,24790,24792],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,24769,174],{"class":81},[67,24771,333],{"class":239},[67,24773,7860],{"class":243},[67,24775,333],{"class":239},[67,24777,89],{"class":81},[67,24779,342],{"class":239},[67,24781,9486],{"class":243},[67,24783,333],{"class":239},[67,24785,89],{"class":81},[67,24787,342],{"class":239},[67,24789,20079],{"class":243},[67,24791,333],{"class":239},[67,24793,100],{"class":81},[14,24795,24796],{},"This shows two things:",[25,24798,24799,24806],{},[28,24800,24801,22164,24804,1531],{},[17,24802,24803],{},"data.keys()",[17,24805,17202],{},[28,24807,24808,24811],{},[17,24809,24810],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24813,9338,24814,114],{},[45,24815,24816],{"href":9578},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[53,24818,5622],{"id":5621},[14,24820,2347],{},[58,24822,24824],{"className":60,"code":24823,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_dict.keys()\n",[17,24825,24826],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,24827,24828,24830,24832,24834],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,24829,11637],{"class":73},[67,24831,114],{"class":81},[67,24833,17111],{"class":117},[67,24835,121],{"class":81},[14,24837,21989],{},[25,24839,24840,24843,24846],{},[28,24841,24842],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[28,24844,24845],{},"It takes no parameters",[28,24847,24848],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24850,16843],{},[58,24852,24854],{"className":60,"code":24853,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[17,24855,24856,24880],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,24857,24858,24860,24862,24864,24866,24868,24870,24872,24874,24876,24878],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,24859,13053],{"class":73},[67,24861,78],{"class":77},[67,24863,10678],{"class":81},[67,24865,240],{"class":239},[67,24867,7860],{"class":243},[67,24869,240],{"class":239},[67,24871,1161],{"class":81},[67,24873,251],{"class":239},[67,24875,986],{"class":243},[67,24877,240],{"class":239},[67,24879,9496],{"class":81},[67,24881,24882,24884,24886,24888,24890,24892],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,24883,135],{"class":134},[67,24885,138],{"class":81},[67,24887,13812],{"class":117},[67,24889,114],{"class":81},[67,24891,17111],{"class":117},[67,24893,1239],{"class":81},[14,24895,24896],{},"Incorrect:",[58,24898,24900],{"className":60,"code":24899,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[17,24901,24902,24926],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,24903,24904,24906,24908,24910,24912,24914,24916,24918,24920,24922,24924],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,24905,13053],{"class":73},[67,24907,78],{"class":77},[67,24909,10678],{"class":81},[67,24911,240],{"class":239},[67,24913,7860],{"class":243},[67,24915,240],{"class":239},[67,24917,1161],{"class":81},[67,24919,251],{"class":239},[67,24921,986],{"class":243},[67,24923,240],{"class":239},[67,24925,9496],{"class":81},[67,24927,24928,24930,24932,24934,24936,24939],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,24929,135],{"class":134},[67,24931,138],{"class":81},[67,24933,13812],{"class":117},[67,24935,114],{"class":81},[67,24937,17111],{"class":24938},"skxfh",[67,24940,144],{"class":81},[14,24942,24943],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[53,24945,17607],{"id":17606},[14,24947,24948,22164,24950,24952],{},[17,24949,17253],{},[17,24951,17202],{}," object.",[14,24954,24955],{},"This object:",[25,24957,24958,24961,24964,24970],{},[28,24959,24960],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[28,24962,24963],{},"can be used in a loop",[28,24965,24966,24967],{},"can be converted with ",[17,24968,24969],{},"list()",[28,24971,24972],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24974,222],{},[58,24976,24978],{"className":60,"code":24977,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,24979,24980,25021,25025,25040,25044,25054],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,24981,24982,24985,24987,24989,24991,24994,24996,24998,25000,25003,25005,25007,25009,25012,25014,25016,25019],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,24983,24984],{"class":73},"car ",[67,24986,78],{"class":77},[67,24988,10678],{"class":81},[67,24990,240],{"class":239},[67,24992,24993],{"class":243},"brand",[67,24995,240],{"class":239},[67,24997,1161],{"class":81},[67,24999,251],{"class":239},[67,25001,25002],{"class":243},"Toyota",[67,25004,240],{"class":239},[67,25006,89],{"class":81},[67,25008,251],{"class":239},[67,25010,25011],{"class":243},"year",[67,25013,240],{"class":239},[67,25015,1161],{"class":81},[67,25017,25018],{"class":85}," 2020",[67,25020,9496],{"class":81},[67,25022,25023],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,25024,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,25026,25027,25029,25031,25034,25036,25038],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,25028,2416],{"class":73},[67,25030,78],{"class":77},[67,25032,25033],{"class":73}," car",[67,25035,114],{"class":81},[67,25037,17111],{"class":117},[67,25039,121],{"class":81},[67,25041,25042],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,25043,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,25045,25046,25048,25050,25052],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,25047,135],{"class":134},[67,25049,138],{"class":81},[67,25051,2451],{"class":117},[67,25053,144],{"class":81},[67,25055,25056,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,25057,135],{"class":134},[67,25059,138],{"class":81},[67,25061,2011],{"class":362},[67,25063,138],{"class":81},[67,25065,2451],{"class":117},[67,25067,1426],{"class":81},[14,25069,25070],{},[3934,25071,159],{},[58,25073,25075],{"className":60,"code":25074,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[17,25076,25077,25099],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25078,25079,25081,25083,25085,25087,25089,25091,25093,25095,25097],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25080,17202],{"class":117},[67,25082,370],{"class":81},[67,25084,333],{"class":239},[67,25086,24993],{"class":243},[67,25088,333],{"class":239},[67,25090,89],{"class":81},[67,25092,342],{"class":239},[67,25094,25011],{"class":243},[67,25096,333],{"class":239},[67,25098,376],{"class":81},[67,25100,25101,25103,25105,25107,25109,25111],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,25102,1397],{"class":77},[67,25104,3482],{"class":2254},[67,25106,342],{"class":239},[67,25108,17202],{"class":243},[67,25110,333],{"class":239},[67,25112,3491],{"class":77},[14,25114,25115,25116,25120,25121,114],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[45,25117,10924,25118,946],{"href":17256},[17,25119,17259],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[45,25122,10924,25123,946],{"href":17263},[17,25124,17266],{},[53,25126,25128],{"id":25127},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,25130,25131],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[58,25133,25135],{"className":60,"code":25134,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[17,25136,25137,25190,25194,25210],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25138,25139,25141,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181,25183,25186,25188],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25140,13053],{"class":73},[67,25142,78],{"class":77},[67,25144,10678],{"class":81},[67,25146,240],{"class":239},[67,25148,7860],{"class":243},[67,25150,240],{"class":239},[67,25152,1161],{"class":81},[67,25154,251],{"class":239},[67,25156,986],{"class":243},[67,25158,240],{"class":239},[67,25160,89],{"class":81},[67,25162,251],{"class":239},[67,25164,9486],{"class":243},[67,25166,240],{"class":239},[67,25168,1161],{"class":81},[67,25170,92],{"class":85},[67,25172,89],{"class":81},[67,25174,251],{"class":239},[67,25176,15516],{"class":243},[67,25178,240],{"class":239},[67,25180,1161],{"class":81},[67,25182,251],{"class":239},[67,25184,25185],{"class":243},"Math",[67,25187,240],{"class":239},[67,25189,9496],{"class":81},[67,25191,25192],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,25193,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,25195,25196,25198,25200,25202,25204,25206,25208],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,25197,6150],{"class":1167},[67,25199,18396],{"class":73},[67,25201,4074],{"class":1167},[67,25203,13095],{"class":73},[67,25205,114],{"class":81},[67,25207,17111],{"class":117},[67,25209,21784],{"class":81},[67,25211,25212,25214,25216,25218],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,25213,1228],{"class":134},[67,25215,138],{"class":81},[67,25217,15028],{"class":117},[67,25219,144],{"class":81},[14,25221,25222],{},[3934,25223,159],{},[58,25225,25227],{"className":60,"code":25226,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[17,25228,25229,25234,25239],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25230,25231],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25232,25233],{"class":73},"name\n",[67,25235,25236],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,25237,25238],{"class":73},"age\n",[67,25240,25241],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,25242,25243],{"class":73},"course\n",[14,25245,25246],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[58,25248,25250],{"className":60,"code":25249,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[17,25251,25252,25264],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25253,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25255,6150],{"class":1167},[67,25257,18396],{"class":73},[67,25259,4074],{"class":1167},[67,25261,13095],{"class":73},[67,25263,1223],{"class":81},[67,25265,25266,25268,25270,25272],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,25267,1228],{"class":134},[67,25269,138],{"class":81},[67,25271,15028],{"class":117},[67,25273,144],{"class":81},[14,25275,25276,25277,25280],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[17,25278,25279],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[53,25282,5151,25284],{"id":25283},"when-to-use-keys",[17,25285,17253],{},[14,25287,185,25288,1671],{},[17,25289,17253],{},[25,25291,25292,25295,25298],{},[28,25293,25294],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[28,25296,25297],{},"you want to display available fields",[28,25299,25300],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,25302,222],{},[58,25304,25306],{"className":60,"code":25305,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[17,25307,25308,25361,25365,25380,25397],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25309,25310,25313,25315,25317,25319,25321,25323,25325,25327,25330,25332,25334,25336,25339,25341,25343,25346,25348,25350,25353,25355,25357,25359],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25311,25312],{"class":73},"product ",[67,25314,78],{"class":77},[67,25316,10678],{"class":81},[67,25318,240],{"class":239},[67,25320,7860],{"class":243},[67,25322,240],{"class":239},[67,25324,1161],{"class":81},[67,25326,251],{"class":239},[67,25328,25329],{"class":243},"Book",[67,25331,240],{"class":239},[67,25333,89],{"class":81},[67,25335,251],{"class":239},[67,25337,25338],{"class":243},"price",[67,25340,240],{"class":239},[67,25342,1161],{"class":81},[67,25344,25345],{"class":85}," 12.99",[67,25347,89],{"class":81},[67,25349,251],{"class":239},[67,25351,25352],{"class":243},"stock",[67,25354,240],{"class":239},[67,25356,1161],{"class":81},[67,25358,4794],{"class":85},[67,25360,9496],{"class":81},[67,25362,25363],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,25364,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,25366,25367,25369,25371,25373,25376,25378],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,25368,135],{"class":134},[67,25370,138],{"class":81},[67,25372,240],{"class":239},[67,25374,25375],{"class":243},"Available fields:",[67,25377,240],{"class":239},[67,25379,144],{"class":81},[67,25381,25382,25384,25386,25388,25391,25393,25395],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,25383,6150],{"class":1167},[67,25385,18396],{"class":73},[67,25387,4074],{"class":1167},[67,25389,25390],{"class":73}," product",[67,25392,114],{"class":81},[67,25394,17111],{"class":117},[67,25396,21784],{"class":81},[67,25398,25399,25401,25403,25405],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,25400,1228],{"class":134},[67,25402,138],{"class":81},[67,25404,15028],{"class":117},[67,25406,144],{"class":81},[14,25408,25409],{},[3934,25410,159],{},[58,25412,25414],{"className":60,"code":25413,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[17,25415,25416,25423,25427,25432],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25417,25418,25421],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25419,25420],{"class":73},"Available fields",[67,25422,1223],{"class":81},[67,25424,25425],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,25426,25233],{"class":73},[67,25428,25429],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,25430,25431],{"class":73},"price\n",[67,25433,25434],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,25435,25436],{"class":73},"stock\n",[14,25438,25439],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[58,25441,25443],{"className":60,"code":25442,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[17,25444,25445,25481,25485],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25446,25447,25449,25451,25453,25455,25457,25459,25461,25463,25465,25467,25469,25471,25473,25475,25477,25479],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25448,25312],{"class":73},[67,25450,78],{"class":77},[67,25452,10678],{"class":81},[67,25454,240],{"class":239},[67,25456,7860],{"class":243},[67,25458,240],{"class":239},[67,25460,1161],{"class":81},[67,25462,251],{"class":239},[67,25464,25329],{"class":243},[67,25466,240],{"class":239},[67,25468,89],{"class":81},[67,25470,251],{"class":239},[67,25472,25338],{"class":243},[67,25474,240],{"class":239},[67,25476,1161],{"class":81},[67,25478,25345],{"class":85},[67,25480,9496],{"class":81},[67,25482,25483],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,25484,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,25486,25487,25489,25491,25493,25495,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,25488,135],{"class":134},[67,25490,138],{"class":81},[67,25492,240],{"class":239},[67,25494,7860],{"class":243},[67,25496,240],{"class":239},[67,25498,21362],{"class":1167},[67,25500,25390],{"class":117},[67,25502,114],{"class":81},[67,25504,17111],{"class":117},[67,25506,1239],{"class":81},[14,25508,25509,25510,114],{},"This works and returns ",[17,25511,3793],{},[14,25513,25514],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[58,25516,25518],{"className":60,"code":25517,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[17,25519,25520],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25521,25522,25524,25526,25528,25530,25532,25534,25536],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25523,135],{"class":134},[67,25525,138],{"class":81},[67,25527,240],{"class":239},[67,25529,7860],{"class":243},[67,25531,240],{"class":239},[67,25533,21362],{"class":1167},[67,25535,25390],{"class":117},[67,25537,144],{"class":81},[14,25539,25540,25541,114],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[45,25542,21395],{"href":17341},[53,25544,25546],{"id":25545},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25548,25549,25550,114],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[17,25551,17253],{},[1109,25553,1930,25555,25557],{"id":25554},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[17,25556,17253],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25559,25560,25562],{},[17,25561,17253],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25564,222],{},[58,25566,25568],{"className":60,"code":25567,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[17,25569,25570,25606],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25571,25572,25574,25576,25578,25580,25582,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25594,25596,25598,25600,25602,25604],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25573,9352],{"class":73},[67,25575,78],{"class":77},[67,25577,10678],{"class":81},[67,25579,240],{"class":239},[67,25581,7860],{"class":243},[67,25583,240],{"class":239},[67,25585,1161],{"class":81},[67,25587,251],{"class":239},[67,25589,986],{"class":243},[67,25591,240],{"class":239},[67,25593,89],{"class":81},[67,25595,251],{"class":239},[67,25597,9486],{"class":243},[67,25599,240],{"class":239},[67,25601,1161],{"class":81},[67,25603,92],{"class":85},[67,25605,9496],{"class":81},[67,25607,25608,25610,25612,25614,25616,25618],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,25609,135],{"class":134},[67,25611,138],{"class":81},[67,25613,9391],{"class":117},[67,25615,114],{"class":81},[67,25617,17111],{"class":117},[67,25619,1239],{"class":81},[14,25621,25622],{},[3934,25623,159],{},[58,25625,25627],{"className":60,"code":25626,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[17,25628,25629],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25630,25631,25633,25635,25637,25639,25641,25643,25645,25647,25649],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25632,17202],{"class":117},[67,25634,370],{"class":81},[67,25636,333],{"class":239},[67,25638,7860],{"class":243},[67,25640,333],{"class":239},[67,25642,89],{"class":81},[67,25644,342],{"class":239},[67,25646,9486],{"class":243},[67,25648,333],{"class":239},[67,25650,376],{"class":81},[14,25652,25653,25654,114],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[45,25655,25656],{"href":17263},[17,25657,17266],{},[1109,25659,25661,25662],{"id":25660},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[17,25663,17202],{},[14,25665,25666],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[58,25668,25670],{"className":60,"code":25669,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['name', 'age']\n",[17,25671,25672],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25673,25674,25676,25678,25680,25682,25684,25686,25688,25690],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25675,174],{"class":81},[67,25677,333],{"class":239},[67,25679,7860],{"class":243},[67,25681,333],{"class":239},[67,25683,89],{"class":81},[67,25685,342],{"class":239},[67,25687,9486],{"class":243},[67,25689,333],{"class":239},[67,25691,100],{"class":81},[14,25693,25694,25695,25697],{},"But ",[17,25696,17253],{}," returns:",[58,25699,25700],{"className":60,"code":25626,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,25701,25702],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25703,25704,25706,25708,25710,25712,25714,25716,25718,25720,25722],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25705,17202],{"class":117},[67,25707,370],{"class":81},[67,25709,333],{"class":239},[67,25711,7860],{"class":243},[67,25713,333],{"class":239},[67,25715,89],{"class":81},[67,25717,342],{"class":239},[67,25719,9486],{"class":243},[67,25721,333],{"class":239},[67,25723,376],{"class":81},[14,25725,25726],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[58,25728,25730],{"className":60,"code":25729,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[17,25731,25732,25768,25787,25791],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25733,25734,25736,25738,25740,25742,25744,25746,25748,25750,25752,25754,25756,25758,25760,25762,25764,25766],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25735,9352],{"class":73},[67,25737,78],{"class":77},[67,25739,10678],{"class":81},[67,25741,240],{"class":239},[67,25743,7860],{"class":243},[67,25745,240],{"class":239},[67,25747,1161],{"class":81},[67,25749,251],{"class":239},[67,25751,986],{"class":243},[67,25753,240],{"class":239},[67,25755,89],{"class":81},[67,25757,251],{"class":239},[67,25759,9486],{"class":243},[67,25761,240],{"class":239},[67,25763,1161],{"class":81},[67,25765,92],{"class":85},[67,25767,9496],{"class":81},[67,25769,25770,25773,25775,25777,25779,25781,25783,25785],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,25771,25772],{"class":73},"key_list ",[67,25774,78],{"class":77},[67,25776,22749],{"class":362},[67,25778,138],{"class":81},[67,25780,9391],{"class":117},[67,25782,114],{"class":81},[67,25784,17111],{"class":117},[67,25786,1239],{"class":81},[67,25788,25789],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,25790,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,25792,25793,25795,25797,25800],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,25794,135],{"class":134},[67,25796,138],{"class":81},[67,25798,25799],{"class":117},"key_list",[67,25801,144],{"class":81},[1109,25803,25805,25806,25808],{"id":25804},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[17,25807,17253],{}," on a list or string",[14,25810,25811,25813],{},[17,25812,17253],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25815,3026],{},[58,25817,25819],{"className":60,"code":25818,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[17,25820,25821,25841],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25822,25823,25825,25827,25829,25831,25833,25835,25837,25839],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25824,74],{"class":73},[67,25826,78],{"class":77},[67,25828,82],{"class":81},[67,25830,464],{"class":85},[67,25832,89],{"class":81},[67,25834,3182],{"class":85},[67,25836,89],{"class":81},[67,25838,2639],{"class":85},[67,25840,100],{"class":81},[67,25842,25843,25845,25847,25849,25851,25853],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,25844,135],{"class":134},[67,25846,138],{"class":81},[67,25848,154],{"class":117},[67,25850,114],{"class":81},[67,25852,17111],{"class":117},[67,25854,1239],{"class":81},[14,25856,25857,25858,25861,25862,25864,25865,114],{},"You may get an ",[17,25859,25860],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[17,25863,17253],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[45,25866,25868,25869,25872],{"href":25867},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[17,25870,25871],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1109,25874,25876],{"id":25875},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25878,25879],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[58,25881,25883],{"className":60,"code":25882,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[17,25884,25885,25909],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25886,25887,25889,25891,25893,25895,25897,25899,25901,25903,25905,25907],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25888,9352],{"class":73},[67,25890,78],{"class":77},[67,25892,10678],{"class":81},[67,25894,240],{"class":239},[67,25896,7860],{"class":243},[67,25898,240],{"class":239},[67,25900,1161],{"class":81},[67,25902,251],{"class":239},[67,25904,986],{"class":243},[67,25906,240],{"class":239},[67,25908,9496],{"class":81},[67,25910,25911,25913,25915,25917,25919,25921],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,25912,135],{"class":134},[67,25914,138],{"class":81},[67,25916,9391],{"class":117},[67,25918,114],{"class":81},[67,25920,17111],{"class":24938},[67,25922,144],{"class":81},[14,25924,25925],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25927,18882],{},[58,25929,25931],{"className":60,"code":25930,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(data.keys())\n",[17,25932,25933],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25934,25935,25937,25939,25941,25943,25945],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25936,135],{"class":134},[67,25938,138],{"class":81},[67,25940,9391],{"class":117},[67,25942,114],{"class":81},[67,25944,17111],{"class":117},[67,25946,1239],{"class":81},[53,25948,1907],{"id":1906},[14,25950,25951,25952,1161],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[17,25953,17253],{},[25,25955,25956,25961,25967,25973],{},[28,25957,8604,25958,25960],{},[17,25959,17253],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[28,25962,25963,25964,25966],{},"Thinking ",[17,25965,17253],{}," returns values too",[28,25968,25969,25970,25972],{},"Trying to index ",[17,25971,17202],{}," like a normal list",[28,25974,25975,25976,25978],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[17,25977,17202],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25980,25981],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[58,25983,25985],{"className":60,"code":25984,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[17,25986,25987,26019,26033,26037,26047],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,25988,25989,25991,25993,25995,25997,25999,26001,26003,26005,26007,26009,26011,26013,26015,26017],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,25990,9352],{"class":73},[67,25992,78],{"class":77},[67,25994,10678],{"class":81},[67,25996,240],{"class":239},[67,25998,45],{"class":243},[67,26000,240],{"class":239},[67,26002,1161],{"class":81},[67,26004,5689],{"class":85},[67,26006,89],{"class":81},[67,26008,251],{"class":239},[67,26010,428],{"class":243},[67,26012,240],{"class":239},[67,26014,1161],{"class":81},[67,26016,3182],{"class":85},[67,26018,9496],{"class":81},[67,26020,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,26022,17430],{"class":73},[67,26024,78],{"class":77},[67,26026,14753],{"class":73},[67,26028,114],{"class":81},[67,26030,17111],{"class":117},[67,26032,121],{"class":81},[67,26034,26035],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,26036,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,26038,26039,26041,26043,26045],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,26040,135],{"class":134},[67,26042,138],{"class":81},[67,26044,17111],{"class":117},[67,26046,144],{"class":81},[67,26048,26049],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,26050,26051],{"class":3852},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,26053,26054],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[58,26056,26058],{"className":60,"code":26057,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[17,26059,26060,26092,26110,26114],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,26061,26062,26064,26066,26068,26070,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080,26082,26084,26086,26088,26090],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,26063,9352],{"class":73},[67,26065,78],{"class":77},[67,26067,10678],{"class":81},[67,26069,240],{"class":239},[67,26071,45],{"class":243},[67,26073,240],{"class":239},[67,26075,1161],{"class":81},[67,26077,5689],{"class":85},[67,26079,89],{"class":81},[67,26081,251],{"class":239},[67,26083,428],{"class":243},[67,26085,240],{"class":239},[67,26087,1161],{"class":81},[67,26089,3182],{"class":85},[67,26091,9496],{"class":81},[67,26093,26094,26096,26098,26100,26102,26104,26106,26108],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,26095,17430],{"class":73},[67,26097,78],{"class":77},[67,26099,22749],{"class":362},[67,26101,138],{"class":81},[67,26103,9391],{"class":117},[67,26105,114],{"class":81},[67,26107,17111],{"class":117},[67,26109,1239],{"class":81},[67,26111,26112],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,26113,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,26115,26116,26118,26120,26122,26124,26126],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,26117,135],{"class":134},[67,26119,138],{"class":81},[67,26121,17111],{"class":117},[67,26123,174],{"class":81},[67,26125,1031],{"class":85},[67,26127,376],{"class":81},[53,26129,26131],{"id":26130},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,26133,11300],{},[58,26135,26137],{"className":60,"code":26136,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[17,26138,26139,26153,26163,26177],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,26140,26141,26143,26145,26147,26149,26151],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,26142,135],{"class":134},[67,26144,138],{"class":81},[67,26146,2011],{"class":362},[67,26148,138],{"class":81},[67,26150,11637],{"class":117},[67,26152,1426],{"class":81},[67,26154,26155,26157,26159,26161],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,26156,135],{"class":134},[67,26158,138],{"class":81},[67,26160,11637],{"class":117},[67,26162,144],{"class":81},[67,26164,26165,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,26166,135],{"class":134},[67,26168,138],{"class":81},[67,26170,11637],{"class":117},[67,26172,114],{"class":81},[67,26174,17111],{"class":117},[67,26176,1239],{"class":81},[67,26178,26179,26181,26183,26185,26187,26189,26191,26193],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,26180,135],{"class":134},[67,26182,138],{"class":81},[67,26184,363],{"class":362},[67,26186,138],{"class":81},[67,26188,11637],{"class":117},[67,26190,114],{"class":81},[67,26192,17111],{"class":117},[67,26194,6482],{"class":81},[14,26196,26197],{},"These help you confirm:",[25,26199,26200,26203,26206,26211],{},[28,26201,26202],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[28,26204,26205],{},"what data it contains",[28,26207,26208,26209,11894],{},"what ",[17,26210,17253],{},[28,26212,26213],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[53,26215,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,26217,24107,26219,5334],{"id":26218},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[17,26220,17253],{},[14,26222,17610,26223,26225],{},[17,26224,17202],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1109,26227,15090,26229,26232],{"id":26228},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[17,26230,26231],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,26234,26235,26236,26238,26239,114],{},"No. It returns a ",[17,26237,17202],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[17,26240,26241],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1109,26243,26245,26246,2681],{"id":26244},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[17,26247,26231],{},[14,26249,26250,26251,26253],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[17,26252,6150],{}," loop.",[1109,26255,26257,26258,26260],{"id":26256},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[17,26259,17253],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,26262,26263,26264,26266],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[17,26265,17253],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1109,26268,26270],{"id":26269},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,26272,185,26273,114],{},[17,26274,26275],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[53,26277,2094],{"id":2093},[25,26279,26280,26285,26291,26297,26303,26307],{},[28,26281,26282],{},[45,26283,26284],{"href":9578},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[28,26286,26287],{},[45,26288,10924,26289,946],{"href":17256},[17,26290,17259],{},[28,26292,26293],{},[45,26294,10924,26295,946],{"href":17263},[17,26296,17266],{},[28,26298,26299],{},[45,26300,26302],{"href":26301},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[28,26304,26305],{},[45,26306,17342],{"href":17341},[28,26308,26309],{},[45,26310,26311,26312,25872],{"href":25867},"How to fix ",[17,26313,25871],{},[2122,26315,26316],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":26318},[26319,26320,26322,26323,26324,26325,26326,26328,26337,26338,26339,26350],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":24438,"depth":103,"text":26321},"What keys() does",{"id":5978,"depth":103,"text":5979},{"id":5621,"depth":103,"text":5622},{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607},{"id":25127,"depth":103,"text":25128},{"id":25283,"depth":103,"text":26327},"When to use keys()",{"id":25545,"depth":103,"text":25546,"children":26329},[26330,26332,26334,26336],{"id":25554,"depth":124,"text":26331},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25660,"depth":124,"text":26333},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25804,"depth":124,"text":26335},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25875,"depth":124,"text":25876},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":26130,"depth":103,"text":26131},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":26340},[26341,26343,26345,26347,26349],{"id":26218,"depth":124,"text":26342},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26228,"depth":124,"text":26344},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26244,"depth":124,"text":26346},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26256,"depth":124,"text":26348},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26269,"depth":124,"text":26270},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24260,"description":26351},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26357,"title":26358,"body":26359,"description":28630,"extension":2153,"meta":28631,"navigation":127,"path":28632,"seo":28633,"stem":28634,"__hash__":28635},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26360,"toc":28583},[26361,26366,26371,26374,26376,26521,26534,26539,26543,26557,26559,26662,26671,26673,26676,26714,26739,26741,26848,26850,26857,26860,26868,26870,27011,27019,27024,27028,27039,27041,27203,27206,27214,27221,27227,27324,27330,27407,27410,27422,27427,27433,27436,27440,27529,27532,27536,27639,27646,27733,27742,27744,27749,27755,27758,27804,27807,27873,27882,27888,27981,27987,27993,28036,28039,28104,28110,28202,28205,28209,28215,28240,28243,28339,28346,28348,28353,28444,28446,28474,28479,28481,28488,28491,28495,28505,28510,28513,28520,28530,28537,28545,28547,28580],[10,26362,11505,26364,11509],{"id":26363},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[17,26365,39],{},[14,26367,26368,26370],{},[17,26369,12759],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26372,26373],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[53,26375,3798],{"id":3797},[58,26377,26379],{"className":60,"code":26378,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[17,26380,26381,26417,26440,26454,26467,26471,26476,26508],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,26382,26383,26385,26387,26389,26391,26393,26395,26397,26399,26401,26403,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413,26415],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,26384,13390],{"class":73},[67,26386,78],{"class":77},[67,26388,10678],{"class":81},[67,26390,240],{"class":239},[67,26392,7860],{"class":243},[67,26394,240],{"class":239},[67,26396,1161],{"class":81},[67,26398,251],{"class":239},[67,26400,986],{"class":243},[67,26402,240],{"class":239},[67,26404,89],{"class":81},[67,26406,251],{"class":239},[67,26408,9486],{"class":243},[67,26410,240],{"class":239},[67,26412,1161],{"class":81},[67,26414,9493],{"class":85},[67,26416,9496],{"class":81},[67,26418,26419,26422,26424,26426,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436,26438],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,26420,26421],{"class":73},"removed_age ",[67,26423,78],{"class":77},[67,26425,13433],{"class":73},[67,26427,114],{"class":81},[67,26429,118],{"class":117},[67,26431,138],{"class":81},[67,26433,240],{"class":239},[67,26435,9486],{"class":243},[67,26437,240],{"class":239},[67,26439,144],{"class":81},[67,26441,26442,26444,26446,26449,26451],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,26443,135],{"class":134},[67,26445,138],{"class":81},[67,26447,26448],{"class":117},"removed_age",[67,26450,3849],{"class":81},[67,26452,26453],{"class":3852},"   # 25\n",[67,26455,26456,26458,26460,26462,26464],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,26457,135],{"class":134},[67,26459,138],{"class":81},[67,26461,17495],{"class":117},[67,26463,3849],{"class":81},[67,26465,26466],{"class":3852},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[67,26468,26469],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,26470,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,26472,26473],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,26474,26475],{"class":3852},"# Safe version with default value\n",[67,26477,26478,26481,26483,26485,26487,26489,26491,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501,26504,26506],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,26479,26480],{"class":73},"country ",[67,26482,78],{"class":77},[67,26484,13433],{"class":73},[67,26486,114],{"class":81},[67,26488,118],{"class":117},[67,26490,138],{"class":81},[67,26492,240],{"class":239},[67,26494,15449],{"class":243},[67,26496,240],{"class":239},[67,26498,89],{"class":81},[67,26500,251],{"class":239},[67,26502,26503],{"class":243},"Not found",[67,26505,240],{"class":239},[67,26507,144],{"class":81},[67,26509,26510,26512,26514,26516,26518],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,26511,135],{"class":134},[67,26513,138],{"class":81},[67,26515,15449],{"class":117},[67,26517,3849],{"class":81},[67,26519,26520],{"class":3852},"       # Not found\n",[14,26522,185,26523,26526,26527,26530,26531,26533],{},[17,26524,26525],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[17,26528,26529],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[17,26532,19875],{}," when the key might not exist.",[53,26535,3867,26537,3870],{"id":26536},"what-dictpop-does",[17,26538,12759],{},[14,26540,26541,1161],{},[17,26542,12759],{},[25,26544,26545,26548,26551,26554],{},[28,26546,26547],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[28,26549,26550],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[28,26552,26553],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[28,26555,26556],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26558,222],{},[58,26560,26562],{"className":60,"code":26561,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[17,26563,26564,26604,26608,26631,26635,26649],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,26565,26566,26568,26570,26572,26574,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590,26592,26594,26596,26598,26600,26602],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,26567,11676],{"class":73},[67,26569,78],{"class":77},[67,26571,10678],{"class":81},[67,26573,240],{"class":239},[67,26575,7860],{"class":243},[67,26577,240],{"class":239},[67,26579,1161],{"class":81},[67,26581,251],{"class":239},[67,26583,13407],{"class":243},[67,26585,240],{"class":239},[67,26587,89],{"class":81},[67,26589,251],{"class":239},[67,26591,10596],{"class":243},[67,26593,240],{"class":239},[67,26595,1161],{"class":81},[67,26597,251],{"class":239},[67,26599,10603],{"class":243},[67,26601,240],{"class":239},[67,26603,9496],{"class":81},[67,26605,26606],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,26607,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,26609,26610,26613,26615,26617,26619,26621,26623,26625,26627,26629],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,26611,26612],{"class":73},"removed_city ",[67,26614,78],{"class":77},[67,26616,11759],{"class":73},[67,26618,114],{"class":81},[67,26620,118],{"class":117},[67,26622,138],{"class":81},[67,26624,240],{"class":239},[67,26626,10596],{"class":243},[67,26628,240],{"class":239},[67,26630,144],{"class":81},[67,26632,26633],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,26634,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,26636,26637,26639,26641,26644,26646],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,26638,135],{"class":134},[67,26640,138],{"class":81},[67,26642,26643],{"class":117},"removed_city",[67,26645,3849],{"class":81},[67,26647,26648],{"class":3852},"  # Paris\n",[67,26650,26651,26653,26655,26657,26659],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,26652,135],{"class":134},[67,26654,138],{"class":81},[67,26656,11770],{"class":117},[67,26658,3849],{"class":81},[67,26660,26661],{"class":3852},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26663,20959,26664,26667,26668,114],{},[17,26665,26666],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[17,26669,26670],{},"\"Paris\"",[53,26672,352],{"id":351},[14,26674,26675],{},"There are two common forms:",[58,26677,26679],{"className":60,"code":26678,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[17,26680,26681,26695],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,26682,26683,26685,26687,26689,26691,26693],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,26684,11637],{"class":73},[67,26686,114],{"class":81},[67,26688,118],{"class":117},[67,26690,138],{"class":81},[67,26692,15028],{"class":117},[67,26694,144],{"class":81},[67,26696,26697,26699,26701,26703,26705,26707,26709,26712],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,26698,11637],{"class":73},[67,26700,114],{"class":81},[67,26702,118],{"class":117},[67,26704,138],{"class":81},[67,26706,15028],{"class":117},[67,26708,89],{"class":81},[67,26710,26711],{"class":117}," default",[67,26713,144],{"class":81},[25,26715,26716,26722,26730,26736],{},[28,26717,26718,26721],{},[17,26719,26720],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[28,26723,26724,26726,26727,26729],{},[17,26725,26720],{}," raises ",[17,26728,19875],{}," if the key is missing",[28,26731,26732,26735],{},[17,26733,26734],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[28,26737,26738],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26740,222],{},[58,26742,26744],{"className":60,"code":26743,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[17,26745,26746,26778,26782,26807,26835],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,26747,26748,26750,26752,26754,26756,26758,26760,26762,26764,26766,26768,26770,26772,26774,26776],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,26749,5252],{"class":73},[67,26751,78],{"class":77},[67,26753,10678],{"class":81},[67,26755,240],{"class":239},[67,26757,18604],{"class":243},[67,26759,240],{"class":239},[67,26761,1161],{"class":81},[67,26763,20086],{"class":85},[67,26765,89],{"class":81},[67,26767,251],{"class":239},[67,26769,18613],{"class":243},[67,26771,240],{"class":239},[67,26773,1161],{"class":81},[67,26775,13693],{"class":85},[67,26777,9496],{"class":81},[67,26779,26780],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,26781,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,26783,26784,26786,26788,26790,26792,26794,26796,26798,26800,26802,26804],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,26785,135],{"class":134},[67,26787,138],{"class":81},[67,26789,16576],{"class":117},[67,26791,114],{"class":81},[67,26793,118],{"class":117},[67,26795,138],{"class":81},[67,26797,240],{"class":239},[67,26799,18604],{"class":243},[67,26801,240],{"class":239},[67,26803,5552],{"class":81},[67,26805,26806],{"class":3852},"         # 90\n",[67,26808,26809,26811,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,26810,135],{"class":134},[67,26812,138],{"class":81},[67,26814,16576],{"class":117},[67,26816,114],{"class":81},[67,26818,118],{"class":117},[67,26820,138],{"class":81},[67,26822,240],{"class":239},[67,26824,18622],{"class":243},[67,26826,240],{"class":239},[67,26828,89],{"class":81},[67,26830,1388],{"class":85},[67,26832,5552],{"class":81},[67,26834,20956],{"class":3852},[67,26836,26837,26839,26841,26843,26845],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,26838,135],{"class":134},[67,26840,138],{"class":81},[67,26842,16576],{"class":117},[67,26844,3849],{"class":81},[67,26846,26847],{"class":3852},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[53,26849,17607],{"id":17606},[14,26851,26852,14240,26854,26856],{},[17,26853,39],{},[3934,26855,4820],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26858,26859],{},"Instead, it returns:",[25,26861,26862,26865],{},[28,26863,26864],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[28,26866,26867],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26869,222],{},[58,26871,26873],{"className":60,"code":26872,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[17,26874,26875,26907,26911,26934,26966,26970,26984,26998],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,26876,26877,26879,26881,26883,26885,26887,26889,26891,26893,26895,26897,26899,26901,26903,26905],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,26878,9352],{"class":73},[67,26880,78],{"class":77},[67,26882,10678],{"class":81},[67,26884,240],{"class":239},[67,26886,45],{"class":243},[67,26888,240],{"class":239},[67,26890,1161],{"class":81},[67,26892,6196],{"class":85},[67,26894,89],{"class":81},[67,26896,251],{"class":239},[67,26898,428],{"class":243},[67,26900,240],{"class":239},[67,26902,1161],{"class":81},[67,26904,92],{"class":85},[67,26906,9496],{"class":81},[67,26908,26909],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,26910,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,26912,26913,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,26914,26915],{"class":73},"result1 ",[67,26917,78],{"class":77},[67,26919,14753],{"class":73},[67,26921,114],{"class":81},[67,26923,118],{"class":117},[67,26925,138],{"class":81},[67,26927,240],{"class":239},[67,26929,45],{"class":243},[67,26931,240],{"class":239},[67,26933,144],{"class":81},[67,26935,26936,26939,26941,26943,26945,26947,26949,26951,26953,26955,26957,26959,26962,26964],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,26937,26938],{"class":73},"result2 ",[67,26940,78],{"class":77},[67,26942,14753],{"class":73},[67,26944,114],{"class":81},[67,26946,118],{"class":117},[67,26948,138],{"class":81},[67,26950,240],{"class":239},[67,26952,437],{"class":243},[67,26954,240],{"class":239},[67,26956,89],{"class":81},[67,26958,251],{"class":239},[67,26960,26961],{"class":243},"missing",[67,26963,240],{"class":239},[67,26965,144],{"class":81},[67,26967,26968],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,26969,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,26971,26972,26974,26976,26979,26981],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,26973,135],{"class":134},[67,26975,138],{"class":81},[67,26977,26978],{"class":117},"result1",[67,26980,3849],{"class":81},[67,26982,26983],{"class":3852},"  # 10\n",[67,26985,26986,26988,26990,26993,26995],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,26987,135],{"class":134},[67,26989,138],{"class":81},[67,26991,26992],{"class":117},"result2",[67,26994,3849],{"class":81},[67,26996,26997],{"class":3852},"  # missing\n",[67,26999,27000,27002,27004,27006,27008],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,27001,135],{"class":134},[67,27003,138],{"class":81},[67,27005,9391],{"class":117},[67,27007,3849],{"class":81},[67,27009,27010],{"class":3852},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,27012,27013,27014,6823],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[45,27015,27016],{"href":10923},[17,27017,27018],{},"dict.get()",[53,27020,5151,27022],{"id":27021},"when-to-use-pop",[17,27023,39],{},[14,27025,185,27026,1671],{},[17,27027,39],{},[25,27029,27030,27033,27036],{},[28,27031,27032],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[28,27034,27035],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[28,27037,27038],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,27040,222],{},[58,27042,27044],{"className":60,"code":27043,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[17,27045,27046,27098,27102,27129,27133,27157,27161,27175,27189],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,27047,27048,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058,27060,27062,27064,27067,27069,27071,27073,27075,27077,27079,27082,27084,27086,27089,27091,27093,27096],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,27049,25312],{"class":73},[67,27051,78],{"class":77},[67,27053,10678],{"class":81},[67,27055,240],{"class":239},[67,27057,7860],{"class":243},[67,27059,240],{"class":239},[67,27061,1161],{"class":81},[67,27063,251],{"class":239},[67,27065,27066],{"class":243},"Laptop",[67,27068,240],{"class":239},[67,27070,89],{"class":81},[67,27072,251],{"class":239},[67,27074,25338],{"class":243},[67,27076,240],{"class":239},[67,27078,1161],{"class":81},[67,27080,27081],{"class":85}," 1200",[67,27083,89],{"class":81},[67,27085,251],{"class":239},[67,27087,27088],{"class":243},"discount",[67,27090,240],{"class":239},[67,27092,1161],{"class":81},[67,27094,27095],{"class":85}," 200",[67,27097,9496],{"class":81},[67,27099,27100],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,27101,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,27103,27104,27107,27109,27111,27113,27115,27117,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,27105,27106],{"class":73},"discount_amount ",[67,27108,78],{"class":77},[67,27110,25390],{"class":73},[67,27112,114],{"class":81},[67,27114,118],{"class":117},[67,27116,138],{"class":81},[67,27118,240],{"class":239},[67,27120,27088],{"class":243},[67,27122,240],{"class":239},[67,27124,89],{"class":81},[67,27126,1388],{"class":85},[67,27128,144],{"class":81},[67,27130,27131],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,27132,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,27134,27135,27138,27140,27142,27144,27146,27148,27150,27152,27154],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,27136,27137],{"class":73},"final_price ",[67,27139,78],{"class":77},[67,27141,25390],{"class":73},[67,27143,174],{"class":81},[67,27145,240],{"class":239},[67,27147,25338],{"class":243},[67,27149,240],{"class":239},[67,27151,13459],{"class":81},[67,27153,2408],{"class":77},[67,27155,27156],{"class":73}," discount_amount\n",[67,27158,27159],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,27160,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,27162,27163,27165,27167,27170,27172],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,27164,135],{"class":134},[67,27166,138],{"class":81},[67,27168,27169],{"class":117},"discount_amount",[67,27171,3849],{"class":81},[67,27173,27174],{"class":3852},"  # 200\n",[67,27176,27177,27179,27181,27184,27186],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,27178,135],{"class":134},[67,27180,138],{"class":81},[67,27182,27183],{"class":117},"final_price",[67,27185,3849],{"class":81},[67,27187,27188],{"class":3852},"      # 1000\n",[67,27190,27191,27193,27195,27198,27200],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,27192,135],{"class":134},[67,27194,138],{"class":81},[67,27196,27197],{"class":117},"product",[67,27199,3849],{"class":81},[67,27201,27202],{"class":3852},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,27204,27205],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[53,27207,27209,10773,27211],{"id":27208},"pop-vs-del",[17,27210,39],{},[17,27212,27213],{},"del",[14,27215,10778,27216,961,27218,27220],{},[17,27217,39],{},[17,27219,27213],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1109,27222,185,27224,27226],{"id":27223},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[17,27225,39],{}," when you need the removed value",[58,27228,27230],{"className":60,"code":27229,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[17,27231,27232,27268,27272,27294,27298,27311],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,27233,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260,27262,27264,27266],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,27235,13390],{"class":73},[67,27237,78],{"class":77},[67,27239,10678],{"class":81},[67,27241,240],{"class":239},[67,27243,7860],{"class":243},[67,27245,240],{"class":239},[67,27247,1161],{"class":81},[67,27249,251],{"class":239},[67,27251,986],{"class":243},[67,27253,240],{"class":239},[67,27255,89],{"class":81},[67,27257,251],{"class":239},[67,27259,9486],{"class":243},[67,27261,240],{"class":239},[67,27263,1161],{"class":81},[67,27265,9493],{"class":85},[67,27267,9496],{"class":81},[67,27269,27270],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,27271,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,27273,27274,27276,27278,27280,27282,27284,27286,27288,27290,27292],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,27275,21817],{"class":73},[67,27277,78],{"class":77},[67,27279,13433],{"class":73},[67,27281,114],{"class":81},[67,27283,118],{"class":117},[67,27285,138],{"class":81},[67,27287,240],{"class":239},[67,27289,9486],{"class":243},[67,27291,240],{"class":239},[67,27293,144],{"class":81},[67,27295,27296],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,27297,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,27299,27300,27302,27304,27306,27308],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,27301,135],{"class":134},[67,27303,138],{"class":81},[67,27305,9486],{"class":117},[67,27307,3849],{"class":81},[67,27309,27310],{"class":3852},"     # 25\n",[67,27312,27313,27315,27317,27319,27321],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,27314,135],{"class":134},[67,27316,138],{"class":81},[67,27318,17495],{"class":117},[67,27320,3849],{"class":81},[67,27322,27323],{"class":3852},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1109,27325,185,27327,27329],{"id":27326},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[17,27328,27213],{}," when you only want deletion",[58,27331,27333],{"className":60,"code":27332,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[17,27334,27335,27371,27375,27391,27395],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,27336,27337,27339,27341,27343,27345,27347,27349,27351,27353,27355,27357,27359,27361,27363,27365,27367,27369],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,27338,13390],{"class":73},[67,27340,78],{"class":77},[67,27342,10678],{"class":81},[67,27344,240],{"class":239},[67,27346,7860],{"class":243},[67,27348,240],{"class":239},[67,27350,1161],{"class":81},[67,27352,251],{"class":239},[67,27354,986],{"class":243},[67,27356,240],{"class":239},[67,27358,89],{"class":81},[67,27360,251],{"class":239},[67,27362,9486],{"class":243},[67,27364,240],{"class":239},[67,27366,1161],{"class":81},[67,27368,9493],{"class":85},[67,27370,9496],{"class":81},[67,27372,27373],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,27374,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,27376,27377,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,27378,27213],{"class":1167},[67,27380,13433],{"class":73},[67,27382,174],{"class":81},[67,27384,240],{"class":239},[67,27386,9486],{"class":243},[67,27388,240],{"class":239},[67,27390,100],{"class":81},[67,27392,27393],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,27394,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,27396,27397,27399,27401,27403,27405],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,27398,135],{"class":134},[67,27400,138],{"class":81},[67,27402,17495],{"class":117},[67,27404,3849],{"class":81},[67,27406,27323],{"class":3852},[14,27408,27409],{},"Difference:",[25,27411,27412,27417],{},[28,27413,27414,27416],{},[17,27415,39],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[28,27418,27419,27421],{},[17,27420,27213],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27423,27424,27425,114],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[45,27426,12764],{"href":12763},[53,27428,27430,27431],{"id":27429},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[17,27432,19875],{},[14,27434,27435],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1109,27437,27439],{"id":27438},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[58,27441,27443],{"className":60,"code":27442,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[17,27444,27445,27470,27474,27500,27504,27516],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,27446,27447,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463,27466,27468],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,27448,11913],{"class":73},[67,27450,78],{"class":77},[67,27452,10678],{"class":81},[67,27454,240],{"class":239},[67,27456,7860],{"class":243},[67,27458,240],{"class":239},[67,27460,1161],{"class":81},[67,27462,251],{"class":239},[67,27464,27465],{"class":243},"Sara",[67,27467,240],{"class":239},[67,27469,9496],{"class":81},[67,27471,27472],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,27473,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,27475,27476,27478,27480,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,27477,2634],{"class":73},[67,27479,78],{"class":77},[67,27481,11955],{"class":73},[67,27483,114],{"class":81},[67,27485,118],{"class":117},[67,27487,138],{"class":81},[67,27489,240],{"class":239},[67,27491,9486],{"class":243},[67,27493,240],{"class":239},[67,27495,89],{"class":81},[67,27497,4044],{"class":4043},[67,27499,144],{"class":81},[67,27501,27502],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,27503,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,27505,27506,27508,27510,27512,27514],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,27507,135],{"class":134},[67,27509,138],{"class":81},[67,27511,2661],{"class":117},[67,27513,3849],{"class":81},[67,27515,20749],{"class":3852},[67,27517,27518,27520,27522,27524,27526],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,27519,135],{"class":134},[67,27521,138],{"class":81},[67,27523,11637],{"class":117},[67,27525,3849],{"class":81},[67,27527,27528],{"class":3852}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27530,27531],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1109,27533,27535],{"id":27534},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[58,27537,27539],{"className":60,"code":27538,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[17,27540,27541,27565,27569,27585,27608,27618,27624],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,27542,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551,27553,27555,27557,27559,27561,27563],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,27544,11913],{"class":73},[67,27546,78],{"class":77},[67,27548,10678],{"class":81},[67,27550,240],{"class":239},[67,27552,7860],{"class":243},[67,27554,240],{"class":239},[67,27556,1161],{"class":81},[67,27558,251],{"class":239},[67,27560,27465],{"class":243},[67,27562,240],{"class":239},[67,27564,9496],{"class":81},[67,27566,27567],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,27568,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,27570,27571,27573,27575,27577,27579,27581,27583],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,27572,1217],{"class":1167},[67,27574,251],{"class":239},[67,27576,9486],{"class":243},[67,27578,240],{"class":239},[67,27580,21362],{"class":77},[67,27582,11955],{"class":73},[67,27584,1223],{"class":81},[67,27586,27587,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,27588,27589],{"class":73},"    value ",[67,27591,78],{"class":77},[67,27593,11955],{"class":73},[67,27595,114],{"class":81},[67,27597,118],{"class":117},[67,27599,138],{"class":81},[67,27601,240],{"class":239},[67,27603,9486],{"class":243},[67,27605,240],{"class":239},[67,27607,144],{"class":81},[67,27609,27610,27612,27614,27616],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,27611,1228],{"class":134},[67,27613,138],{"class":81},[67,27615,2661],{"class":117},[67,27617,144],{"class":81},[67,27619,27620,27622],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,27621,1244],{"class":1167},[67,27623,1223],{"class":81},[67,27625,27626,27628,27630,27632,27635,27637],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,27627,1228],{"class":134},[67,27629,138],{"class":81},[67,27631,240],{"class":239},[67,27633,27634],{"class":243},"Key not found",[67,27636,240],{"class":239},[67,27638,144],{"class":81},[1109,27640,27642,27643,27645],{"id":27641},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[17,27644,10927],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[58,27647,27649],{"className":60,"code":27648,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[17,27650,27651,27675,27679,27705,27709,27721],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,27652,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,27654,11913],{"class":73},[67,27656,78],{"class":77},[67,27658,10678],{"class":81},[67,27660,240],{"class":239},[67,27662,7860],{"class":243},[67,27664,240],{"class":239},[67,27666,1161],{"class":81},[67,27668,251],{"class":239},[67,27670,27465],{"class":243},[67,27672,240],{"class":239},[67,27674,9496],{"class":81},[67,27676,27677],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,27678,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,27680,27681,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,27682,2634],{"class":73},[67,27684,78],{"class":77},[67,27686,11955],{"class":73},[67,27688,114],{"class":81},[67,27690,19938],{"class":117},[67,27692,138],{"class":81},[67,27694,240],{"class":239},[67,27696,9486],{"class":243},[67,27698,240],{"class":239},[67,27700,89],{"class":81},[67,27702,4044],{"class":4043},[67,27704,144],{"class":81},[67,27706,27707],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,27708,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,27710,27711,27713,27715,27717,27719],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,27712,135],{"class":134},[67,27714,138],{"class":81},[67,27716,2661],{"class":117},[67,27718,3849],{"class":81},[67,27720,20749],{"class":3852},[67,27722,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,27724,135],{"class":134},[67,27726,138],{"class":81},[67,27728,11637],{"class":117},[67,27730,3849],{"class":81},[67,27732,27528],{"class":3852},[14,27734,185,27735,27739,27740,114],{},[45,27736,27737],{"href":10923},[17,27738,27018],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[45,27741,11449],{"href":11261},[53,27743,4707],{"id":4706},[14,27745,27746,27747,114],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[17,27748,12759],{},[1109,27750,25963,27752,27754],{"id":27751},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[17,27753,39],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27756,27757],{},"Lists use indexes:",[58,27759,27761],{"className":60,"code":27760,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[17,27762,27763,27783],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,27764,27765,27767,27769,27771,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,27766,74],{"class":73},[67,27768,78],{"class":77},[67,27770,82],{"class":81},[67,27772,86],{"class":85},[67,27774,89],{"class":81},[67,27776,92],{"class":85},[67,27778,89],{"class":81},[67,27780,97],{"class":85},[67,27782,100],{"class":81},[67,27784,27785,27787,27789,27791,27793,27795,27797,27799,27801],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,27786,135],{"class":134},[67,27788,138],{"class":81},[67,27790,154],{"class":117},[67,27792,114],{"class":81},[67,27794,118],{"class":117},[67,27796,138],{"class":81},[67,27798,464],{"class":85},[67,27800,5552],{"class":81},[67,27802,27803],{"class":3852},"  # 20\n",[14,27805,27806],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[58,27808,27810],{"className":60,"code":27809,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[17,27811,27812,27848],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,27813,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836,27838,27840,27842,27844,27846],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,27815,13390],{"class":73},[67,27817,78],{"class":77},[67,27819,10678],{"class":81},[67,27821,240],{"class":239},[67,27823,7860],{"class":243},[67,27825,240],{"class":239},[67,27827,1161],{"class":81},[67,27829,251],{"class":239},[67,27831,986],{"class":243},[67,27833,240],{"class":239},[67,27835,89],{"class":81},[67,27837,251],{"class":239},[67,27839,9486],{"class":243},[67,27841,240],{"class":239},[67,27843,1161],{"class":81},[67,27845,9493],{"class":85},[67,27847,9496],{"class":81},[67,27849,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,27851,135],{"class":134},[67,27853,138],{"class":81},[67,27855,17495],{"class":117},[67,27857,114],{"class":81},[67,27859,118],{"class":117},[67,27861,138],{"class":81},[67,27863,240],{"class":239},[67,27865,9486],{"class":243},[67,27867,240],{"class":239},[67,27869,5552],{"class":81},[67,27871,27872],{"class":3852},"  # 25\n",[14,27874,27875,27876,27878,27879,27881],{},"A dictionary does ",[3934,27877,4820],{}," use positions with ",[17,27880,39],{},". It uses keys.",[1109,27883,4894,27885,27887],{"id":27884},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[17,27886,39],{}," changes the original dictionary",[58,27889,27891],{"className":60,"code":27890,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[17,27892,27893,27925,27929,27951,27955,27968],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,27894,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909,27911,27913,27915,27917,27919,27921,27923],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,27896,9352],{"class":73},[67,27898,78],{"class":77},[67,27900,10678],{"class":81},[67,27902,240],{"class":239},[67,27904,2361],{"class":243},[67,27906,240],{"class":239},[67,27908,1161],{"class":81},[67,27910,5689],{"class":85},[67,27912,89],{"class":81},[67,27914,251],{"class":239},[67,27916,11934],{"class":243},[67,27918,240],{"class":239},[67,27920,1161],{"class":81},[67,27922,3182],{"class":85},[67,27924,9496],{"class":81},[67,27926,27927],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,27928,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,27930,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947,27949],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,27932,2634],{"class":73},[67,27934,78],{"class":77},[67,27936,14753],{"class":73},[67,27938,114],{"class":81},[67,27940,118],{"class":117},[67,27942,138],{"class":81},[67,27944,240],{"class":239},[67,27946,2361],{"class":243},[67,27948,240],{"class":239},[67,27950,144],{"class":81},[67,27952,27953],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,27954,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,27956,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,27958,135],{"class":134},[67,27960,138],{"class":81},[67,27962,2661],{"class":117},[67,27964,3849],{"class":81},[67,27966,27967],{"class":3852},"  # 1\n",[67,27969,27970,27972,27974,27976,27978],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,27971,135],{"class":134},[67,27973,138],{"class":81},[67,27975,9391],{"class":117},[67,27977,3849],{"class":81},[67,27979,27980],{"class":3852},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27982,27983,27984,27986],{},"After ",[17,27985,39],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1109,27988,8604,27990,27992],{"id":27989},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[17,27991,39],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[58,27994,27996],{"className":60,"code":27995,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[17,27997,27998,28022,28026,28031],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,27999,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018,28020],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,28001,9352],{"class":73},[67,28003,78],{"class":77},[67,28005,10678],{"class":81},[67,28007,240],{"class":239},[67,28009,7860],{"class":243},[67,28011,240],{"class":239},[67,28013,1161],{"class":81},[67,28015,251],{"class":239},[67,28017,8110],{"class":243},[67,28019,240],{"class":239},[67,28021,9496],{"class":81},[67,28023,28024],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,28025,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,28027,28028],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,28029,28030],{"class":3852},"# This causes an error\n",[67,28032,28033],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,28034,28035],{"class":3852},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,28037,28038],{},"Safer version:",[58,28040,28042],{"className":60,"code":28041,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[17,28043,28044,28068,28072],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,28045,28046,28048,28050,28052,28054,28056,28058,28060,28062,28064,28066],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,28047,9352],{"class":73},[67,28049,78],{"class":77},[67,28051,10678],{"class":81},[67,28053,240],{"class":239},[67,28055,7860],{"class":243},[67,28057,240],{"class":239},[67,28059,1161],{"class":81},[67,28061,251],{"class":239},[67,28063,8110],{"class":243},[67,28065,240],{"class":239},[67,28067,9496],{"class":81},[67,28069,28070],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,28071,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,28073,28074,28076,28078,28080,28082,28084,28086,28088,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,28075,135],{"class":134},[67,28077,138],{"class":81},[67,28079,9391],{"class":117},[67,28081,114],{"class":81},[67,28083,118],{"class":117},[67,28085,138],{"class":81},[67,28087,240],{"class":239},[67,28089,9486],{"class":243},[67,28091,240],{"class":239},[67,28093,89],{"class":81},[67,28095,251],{"class":239},[67,28097,26961],{"class":243},[67,28099,240],{"class":239},[67,28101,5552],{"class":81},[67,28103,26997],{"class":3852},[1109,28105,1930,28107,28109],{"id":28106},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[17,28108,39],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[58,28111,28113],{"className":60,"code":28112,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[17,28114,28115,28147,28151,28173,28177,28189],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,28116,28117,28119,28121,28123,28125,28127,28129,28131,28133,28135,28137,28139,28141,28143,28145],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,28118,9352],{"class":73},[67,28120,78],{"class":77},[67,28122,10678],{"class":81},[67,28124,240],{"class":239},[67,28126,45],{"class":243},[67,28128,240],{"class":239},[67,28130,1161],{"class":81},[67,28132,5689],{"class":85},[67,28134,89],{"class":81},[67,28136,251],{"class":239},[67,28138,428],{"class":243},[67,28140,240],{"class":239},[67,28142,1161],{"class":81},[67,28144,3182],{"class":85},[67,28146,9496],{"class":81},[67,28148,28149],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,28150,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,28152,28153,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,28154,2416],{"class":73},[67,28156,78],{"class":77},[67,28158,14753],{"class":73},[67,28160,114],{"class":81},[67,28162,118],{"class":117},[67,28164,138],{"class":81},[67,28166,240],{"class":239},[67,28168,45],{"class":243},[67,28170,240],{"class":239},[67,28172,144],{"class":81},[67,28174,28175],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,28176,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,28178,28179,28181,28183,28185,28187],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,28180,135],{"class":134},[67,28182,138],{"class":81},[67,28184,2451],{"class":117},[67,28186,3849],{"class":81},[67,28188,27967],{"class":3852},[67,28190,28191,28193,28195,28197,28199],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,28192,135],{"class":134},[67,28194,138],{"class":81},[67,28196,9391],{"class":117},[67,28198,3849],{"class":81},[67,28200,28201],{"class":3852},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,28203,28204],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[53,28206,28208],{"id":28207},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,28210,28211,28212,28214],{},"Problems with ",[17,28213,12759],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[25,28216,28217,28220,28229,28232],{},[28,28218,28219],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[28,28221,28222,28223,28226,28227],{},"Mixing up list ",[17,28224,28225],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[17,28228,26525],{},[28,28230,28231],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[28,28233,28234,28235,11279,28237],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[17,28236,464],{},[17,28238,28239],{},"\"1\"",[14,28241,28242],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[58,28244,28246],{"className":60,"code":28245,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[17,28247,28248,28272,28276,28306],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,28249,28250,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268,28270],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,28251,9352],{"class":73},[67,28253,78],{"class":77},[67,28255,10678],{"class":81},[67,28257,240],{"class":239},[67,28259,464],{"class":243},[67,28261,240],{"class":239},[67,28263,1161],{"class":81},[67,28265,251],{"class":239},[67,28267,6777],{"class":243},[67,28269,240],{"class":239},[67,28271,9496],{"class":81},[67,28273,28274],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,28275,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,28277,28278,28280,28282,28284,28286,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296,28299,28301,28303],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,28279,135],{"class":134},[67,28281,138],{"class":81},[67,28283,9391],{"class":117},[67,28285,114],{"class":81},[67,28287,118],{"class":117},[67,28289,138],{"class":81},[67,28291,464],{"class":85},[67,28293,89],{"class":81},[67,28295,251],{"class":239},[67,28297,28298],{"class":243},"not found",[67,28300,240],{"class":239},[67,28302,5552],{"class":81},[67,28304,28305],{"class":3852},"    # not found\n",[67,28307,28308,28310,28312,28314,28316,28318,28320,28322,28324,28326,28328,28330,28332,28334,28336],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,28309,135],{"class":134},[67,28311,138],{"class":81},[67,28313,9391],{"class":117},[67,28315,114],{"class":81},[67,28317,118],{"class":117},[67,28319,138],{"class":81},[67,28321,240],{"class":239},[67,28323,464],{"class":243},[67,28325,240],{"class":239},[67,28327,89],{"class":81},[67,28329,251],{"class":239},[67,28331,28298],{"class":243},[67,28333,240],{"class":239},[67,28335,5552],{"class":81},[67,28337,28338],{"class":3852},"  # one\n",[14,28340,28341,961,28343,28345],{},[17,28342,464],{},[17,28344,28239],{}," are different keys.",[53,28347,9058],{"id":9057},[14,28349,9061,28350,28352],{},[17,28351,39],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[58,28354,28356],{"className":60,"code":28355,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[17,28357,28358,28368,28382,28400,28430],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,28359,28360,28362,28364,28366],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,28361,135],{"class":134},[67,28363,138],{"class":81},[67,28365,11637],{"class":117},[67,28367,144],{"class":81},[67,28369,28370,28372,28374,28376,28378,28380],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,28371,135],{"class":134},[67,28373,138],{"class":81},[67,28375,11637],{"class":117},[67,28377,114],{"class":81},[67,28379,17111],{"class":117},[67,28381,1239],{"class":81},[67,28383,28384,28386,28388,28390,28392,28394,28396,28398],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,28385,135],{"class":134},[67,28387,138],{"class":81},[67,28389,333],{"class":239},[67,28391,7860],{"class":243},[67,28393,333],{"class":239},[67,28395,21362],{"class":1167},[67,28397,11955],{"class":117},[67,28399,144],{"class":81},[67,28401,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410,28412,28414,28416,28418,28420,28422,28424,28426,28428],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,28403,135],{"class":134},[67,28405,138],{"class":81},[67,28407,11637],{"class":117},[67,28409,114],{"class":81},[67,28411,118],{"class":117},[67,28413,138],{"class":81},[67,28415,333],{"class":239},[67,28417,7860],{"class":243},[67,28419,333],{"class":239},[67,28421,89],{"class":81},[67,28423,342],{"class":239},[67,28425,26961],{"class":243},[67,28427,333],{"class":239},[67,28429,1426],{"class":81},[67,28431,28432,28434,28436,28438,28440,28442],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,28433,135],{"class":134},[67,28435,138],{"class":81},[67,28437,2011],{"class":362},[67,28439,138],{"class":81},[67,28441,11637],{"class":117},[67,28443,1426],{"class":81},[14,28445,21525],{},[25,28447,28448,28453,28458,28463,28469],{},[28,28449,28450,28452],{},[17,28451,12869],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[28,28454,28455,28457],{},[17,28456,21537],{}," shows all available keys",[28,28459,28460,28462],{},[17,28461,21543],{}," checks whether a key exists",[28,28464,28465,28468],{},[17,28466,28467],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[28,28470,28471,28473],{},[17,28472,12875],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28475,28476,28477,114],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[45,28478,9579],{"href":9578},[53,28480,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,28482,28484,28485,28487],{"id":28483},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[17,28486,39],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28489,28490],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1109,28492,28494],{"id":28493},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28496,28497,26726,28499,28501,28502,28504],{},[17,28498,26525],{},[17,28500,19875],{},". ",[17,28503,26529],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1109,28506,12894,28508,15083],{"id":28507},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[17,28509,39],{},[14,28511,28512],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1109,28514,28516,28517,28519],{"id":28515},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[17,28518,39],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28521,28522,28523,28525,28526,114],{},"Not with ",[17,28524,12759],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[45,28527,28528],{"href":12770},[17,28529,12959],{},[1109,28531,5369,28533,961,28535,2681],{"id":28532},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[17,28534,10927],{},[17,28536,39],{},[14,28538,28539,28541,28542,28544],{},[17,28540,10927],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[17,28543,39],{}," reads and removes it.",[53,28546,2094],{"id":2093},[25,28548,28549,28555,28562,28566,28570,28574],{},[28,28550,28551],{},[45,28552,28553],{"href":10923},[17,28554,19856],{},[28,28556,28557],{},[45,28558,28559],{"href":12770},[17,28560,28561],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[28,28563,28564],{},[45,28565,12976],{"href":12763},[28,28567,28568],{},[45,28569,21646],{"href":16784},[28,28571,28572],{},[45,28573,11449],{"href":11261},[28,28575,28576],{},[45,28577,28579],{"href":28578},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2122,28581,28582],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":28584},[28585,28586,28588,28589,28590,28592,28599,28606,28616,28617,28618,28629],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":26536,"depth":103,"text":28587},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607},{"id":27021,"depth":103,"text":28591},"When to use pop()",{"id":27208,"depth":103,"text":28593,"children":28594},"pop() vs del",[28595,28597],{"id":27223,"depth":124,"text":28596},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27326,"depth":124,"text":28598},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27429,"depth":103,"text":28600,"children":28601},"How to avoid KeyError",[28602,28603,28604],{"id":27438,"depth":124,"text":27439},{"id":27534,"depth":124,"text":27535},{"id":27641,"depth":124,"text":28605},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":28607},[28608,28610,28612,28614],{"id":27751,"depth":124,"text":28609},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27884,"depth":124,"text":28611},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27989,"depth":124,"text":28613},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28106,"depth":124,"text":28615},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28207,"depth":103,"text":28208},{"id":9057,"depth":103,"text":9058},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":28619},[28620,28622,28623,28625,28627],{"id":28483,"depth":124,"text":28621},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28493,"depth":124,"text":28494},{"id":28507,"depth":124,"text":28624},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28515,"depth":124,"text":28626},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28532,"depth":124,"text":28628},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26358,"description":28630},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28637,"title":28561,"body":28638,"description":30573,"extension":2153,"meta":30574,"navigation":127,"path":30575,"seo":30576,"stem":30577,"__hash__":30578},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28639,"toc":30537},[28640,28645,28650,28653,28661,28671,28673,28761,28765,28814,28819,28824,28828,28844,28847,28849,28864,28866,28882,28889,28893,28899,28908,28910,28979,28983,29004,29007,29026,29029,29052,29054,29057,29172,29176,29235,29242,29246,29252,29377,29381,29431,29434,29438,29445,29447,29510,29514,29535,29538,29547,29562,29570,29577,29581,29593,29597,29608,29610,29756,29760,29819,29826,29831,29835,29841,29864,29869,29888,29892,29963,29970,30041,30050,30055,30060,30071,30074,30209,30214,30246,30251,30253,30257,30317,30320,30377,30380,30423,30425,30430,30436,30442,30445,30452,30460,30465,30468,30475,30483,30485,30534],[10,28641,11505,28643,11509],{"id":28642},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[17,28644,12959],{},[14,28646,379,28647,28649],{},[17,28648,12959],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28651,28652],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[25,28654,28655,28658],{},[28,28656,28657],{},"remove an item",[28,28659,28660],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28662,28663,28664,28666,28667,28670],{},"In modern Python, ",[17,28665,12959],{}," removes the ",[3934,28668,28669],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[53,28672,56],{"id":55},[58,28674,28676],{"className":60,"code":28675,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[17,28677,28678,28722,28737,28741,28751],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,28679,28680,28682,28684,28686,28688,28690,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700,28702,28704,28706,28708,28710,28712,28714,28716,28718,28720],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,28681,9352],{"class":73},[67,28683,78],{"class":77},[67,28685,10678],{"class":81},[67,28687,240],{"class":239},[67,28689,45],{"class":243},[67,28691,240],{"class":239},[67,28693,1161],{"class":81},[67,28695,5689],{"class":85},[67,28697,89],{"class":81},[67,28699,251],{"class":239},[67,28701,428],{"class":243},[67,28703,240],{"class":239},[67,28705,1161],{"class":81},[67,28707,3182],{"class":85},[67,28709,89],{"class":81},[67,28711,251],{"class":239},[67,28713,437],{"class":243},[67,28715,240],{"class":239},[67,28717,1161],{"class":81},[67,28719,2639],{"class":85},[67,28721,9496],{"class":81},[67,28723,28724,28726,28728,28730,28732,28735],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,28725,450],{"class":73},[67,28727,78],{"class":77},[67,28729,14753],{"class":73},[67,28731,114],{"class":81},[67,28733,28734],{"class":117},"popitem",[67,28736,121],{"class":81},[67,28738,28739],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,28740,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,28742,28743,28745,28747,28749],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,28744,135],{"class":134},[67,28746,138],{"class":81},[67,28748,479],{"class":117},[67,28750,144],{"class":81},[67,28752,28753,28755,28757,28759],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,28754,135],{"class":134},[67,28756,138],{"class":81},[67,28758,9391],{"class":117},[67,28760,144],{"class":81},[14,28762,28763],{},[3934,28764,159],{},[58,28766,28768],{"className":60,"code":28767,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[17,28769,28770,28786],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,28771,28772,28774,28776,28778,28780,28782,28784],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,28773,138],{"class":81},[67,28775,333],{"class":239},[67,28777,437],{"class":243},[67,28779,333],{"class":239},[67,28781,89],{"class":81},[67,28783,2639],{"class":85},[67,28785,144],{"class":81},[67,28787,28788,28790,28792,28794,28796,28798,28800,28802,28804,28806,28808,28810,28812],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,28789,9465],{"class":81},[67,28791,333],{"class":239},[67,28793,45],{"class":243},[67,28795,333],{"class":239},[67,28797,1161],{"class":81},[67,28799,5689],{"class":85},[67,28801,89],{"class":81},[67,28803,342],{"class":239},[67,28805,428],{"class":243},[67,28807,333],{"class":239},[67,28809,1161],{"class":81},[67,28811,3182],{"class":85},[67,28813,9496],{"class":81},[14,28815,28816,28818],{},[17,28817,12959],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[53,28820,3867,28822,3870],{"id":28821},"what-popitem-does",[17,28823,12959],{},[14,28825,28826,1161],{},[17,28827,12959],{},[25,28829,28830,28833,28838,28841],{},[28,28831,28832],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[28,28834,28835,28836],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[17,28837,21844],{},[28,28839,28840],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[28,28842,28843],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28845,28846],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[53,28848,352],{"id":351},[58,28850,28852],{"className":60,"code":28851,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[17,28853,28854],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,28855,28856,28858,28860,28862],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,28857,15792],{"class":73},[67,28859,114],{"class":81},[67,28861,28734],{"class":117},[67,28863,121],{"class":81},[14,28865,11646],{},[25,28867,28868,28876,28879],{},[28,28869,28870,28872,28873],{},[17,28871,12959],{}," takes ",[3934,28874,28875],{},"no arguments",[28,28877,28878],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[28,28880,28881],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28883,28884,28885,6823],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[45,28886,28887],{"href":12756},[17,28888,39],{},[53,28890,28892],{"id":28891},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28894,28895,28896,28898],{},"The value returned by ",[17,28897,12959],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28900,28901,28902,28905],"ol",{},[28,28903,28904],{},"the key",[28,28906,28907],{},"the value",[14,28909,222],{},[58,28911,28913],{"className":60,"code":28912,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,28914,28915,28951,28965,28969],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,28916,28917,28919,28921,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943,28945,28947,28949],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,28918,13390],{"class":73},[67,28920,78],{"class":77},[67,28922,10678],{"class":81},[67,28924,240],{"class":239},[67,28926,7860],{"class":243},[67,28928,240],{"class":239},[67,28930,1161],{"class":81},[67,28932,251],{"class":239},[67,28934,5193],{"class":243},[67,28936,240],{"class":239},[67,28938,89],{"class":81},[67,28940,251],{"class":239},[67,28942,9486],{"class":243},[67,28944,240],{"class":239},[67,28946,1161],{"class":81},[67,28948,9493],{"class":85},[67,28950,9496],{"class":81},[67,28952,28953,28955,28957,28959,28961,28963],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,28954,2416],{"class":73},[67,28956,78],{"class":77},[67,28958,13433],{"class":73},[67,28960,114],{"class":81},[67,28962,28734],{"class":117},[67,28964,121],{"class":81},[67,28966,28967],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,28968,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,28970,28971,28973,28975,28977],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,28972,135],{"class":134},[67,28974,138],{"class":81},[67,28976,2451],{"class":117},[67,28978,144],{"class":81},[14,28980,28981],{},[3934,28982,159],{},[58,28984,28986],{"className":60,"code":28985,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"('age', 25)\n",[17,28987,28988],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,28989,28990,28992,28994,28996,28998,29000,29002],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,28991,138],{"class":81},[67,28993,333],{"class":239},[67,28995,9486],{"class":243},[67,28997,333],{"class":239},[67,28999,89],{"class":81},[67,29001,9493],{"class":85},[67,29003,144],{"class":81},[14,29005,29006],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[58,29008,29010],{"className":60,"code":29009,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"result = person.popitem()\n",[17,29011,29012],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,29013,29014,29016,29018,29020,29022,29024],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,29015,2416],{"class":73},[67,29017,78],{"class":77},[67,29019,13433],{"class":73},[67,29021,114],{"class":81},[67,29023,28734],{"class":117},[67,29025,121],{"class":81},[14,29027,29028],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[58,29030,29032],{"className":60,"code":29031,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[17,29033,29034],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,29035,29036,29038,29040,29042,29044,29046,29048,29050],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,29037,15028],{"class":73},[67,29039,89],{"class":81},[67,29041,21773],{"class":73},[67,29043,78],{"class":77},[67,29045,13433],{"class":73},[67,29047,114],{"class":81},[67,29049,28734],{"class":117},[67,29051,121],{"class":81},[53,29053,11663],{"id":11662},[14,29055,29056],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[58,29058,29060],{"className":60,"code":29059,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[17,29061,29062,29110,29114,29129,29133,29153],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,29063,29064,29066,29068,29070,29072,29075,29077,29079,29081,29083,29085,29087,29089,29091,29094,29096,29098,29101,29103,29105,29108],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,29065,5252],{"class":73},[67,29067,78],{"class":77},[67,29069,10678],{"class":81},[67,29071,240],{"class":239},[67,29073,29074],{"class":243},"Tom",[67,29076,240],{"class":239},[67,29078,1161],{"class":81},[67,29080,5264],{"class":85},[67,29082,89],{"class":81},[67,29084,251],{"class":239},[67,29086,986],{"class":243},[67,29088,240],{"class":239},[67,29090,1161],{"class":81},[67,29092,29093],{"class":85}," 95",[67,29095,89],{"class":81},[67,29097,251],{"class":239},[67,29099,29100],{"class":243},"Leo",[67,29102,240],{"class":239},[67,29104,1161],{"class":81},[67,29106,29107],{"class":85}," 88",[67,29109,9496],{"class":81},[67,29111,29112],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,29113,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,29115,29116,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,29117,29118],{"class":73},"removed_pair ",[67,29120,78],{"class":77},[67,29122,5299],{"class":73},[67,29124,114],{"class":81},[67,29126,28734],{"class":117},[67,29128,121],{"class":81},[67,29130,29131],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,29132,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,29134,29135,29137,29139,29141,29144,29146,29148,29151],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,29136,135],{"class":134},[67,29138,138],{"class":81},[67,29140,240],{"class":239},[67,29142,29143],{"class":243},"Removed:",[67,29145,240],{"class":239},[67,29147,89],{"class":81},[67,29149,29150],{"class":117}," removed_pair",[67,29152,144],{"class":81},[67,29154,29155,29157,29159,29161,29164,29166,29168,29170],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,29156,135],{"class":134},[67,29158,138],{"class":81},[67,29160,240],{"class":239},[67,29162,29163],{"class":243},"After removal:",[67,29165,240],{"class":239},[67,29167,89],{"class":81},[67,29169,5299],{"class":117},[67,29171,144],{"class":81},[14,29173,29174],{},[3934,29175,159],{},[58,29177,29179],{"className":60,"code":29178,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[17,29180,29181,29202],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,29182,29183,29186,29188,29190,29192,29194,29196,29198,29200],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,29184,29185],{"class":73},"Removed",[67,29187,1161],{"class":81},[67,29189,9423],{"class":81},[67,29191,333],{"class":239},[67,29193,29100],{"class":243},[67,29195,333],{"class":239},[67,29197,89],{"class":81},[67,29199,29107],{"class":85},[67,29201,144],{"class":81},[67,29203,29204,29207,29209,29211,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227,29229,29231,29233],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,29205,29206],{"class":73},"After removal",[67,29208,1161],{"class":81},[67,29210,10678],{"class":81},[67,29212,333],{"class":239},[67,29214,29074],{"class":243},[67,29216,333],{"class":239},[67,29218,1161],{"class":81},[67,29220,5264],{"class":85},[67,29222,89],{"class":81},[67,29224,342],{"class":239},[67,29226,986],{"class":243},[67,29228,333],{"class":239},[67,29230,1161],{"class":81},[67,29232,29093],{"class":85},[67,29234,9496],{"class":81},[14,29236,29237,29238,29241],{},"The last inserted item was ",[17,29239,29240],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[53,29243,29245],{"id":29244},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,29247,29248,29249,29251],{},"Because ",[17,29250,12959],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[58,29253,29255],{"className":60,"code":29254,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[17,29256,29257,29293,29297,29316,29320,29339,29358],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,29258,29259,29261,29263,29265,29267,29269,29271,29273,29275,29277,29279,29281,29283,29285,29287,29289,29291],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,29260,15635],{"class":73},[67,29262,78],{"class":77},[67,29264,10678],{"class":81},[67,29266,240],{"class":239},[67,29268,15646],{"class":243},[67,29270,240],{"class":239},[67,29272,1161],{"class":81},[67,29274,251],{"class":239},[67,29276,15655],{"class":243},[67,29278,240],{"class":239},[67,29280,89],{"class":81},[67,29282,251],{"class":239},[67,29284,15666],{"class":243},[67,29286,240],{"class":239},[67,29288,1161],{"class":81},[67,29290,27095],{"class":85},[67,29292,9496],{"class":81},[67,29294,29295],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,29296,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,29298,29299,29301,29303,29305,29307,29310,29312,29314],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,29300,15028],{"class":73},[67,29302,89],{"class":81},[67,29304,21773],{"class":73},[67,29306,78],{"class":77},[67,29308,29309],{"class":73}," book",[67,29311,114],{"class":81},[67,29313,28734],{"class":117},[67,29315,121],{"class":81},[67,29317,29318],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,29319,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,29321,29322,29324,29326,29328,29331,29333,29335,29337],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,29323,135],{"class":134},[67,29325,138],{"class":81},[67,29327,240],{"class":239},[67,29329,29330],{"class":243},"Key:",[67,29332,240],{"class":239},[67,29334,89],{"class":81},[67,29336,21768],{"class":117},[67,29338,144],{"class":81},[67,29340,29341,29343,29345,29347,29350,29352,29354,29356],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,29342,135],{"class":134},[67,29344,138],{"class":81},[67,29346,240],{"class":239},[67,29348,29349],{"class":243},"Value:",[67,29351,240],{"class":239},[67,29353,89],{"class":81},[67,29355,8620],{"class":117},[67,29357,144],{"class":81},[67,29359,29360,29362,29364,29366,29369,29371,29373,29375],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,29361,135],{"class":134},[67,29363,138],{"class":81},[67,29365,240],{"class":239},[67,29367,29368],{"class":243},"Dictionary:",[67,29370,240],{"class":239},[67,29372,89],{"class":81},[67,29374,29309],{"class":117},[67,29376,144],{"class":81},[14,29378,29379],{},[3934,29380,159],{},[58,29382,29384],{"className":60,"code":29383,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[17,29385,29386,29396,29406],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,29387,29388,29391,29393],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,29389,29390],{"class":73},"Key",[67,29392,1161],{"class":81},[67,29394,29395],{"class":73}," pages\n",[67,29397,29398,29401,29403],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,29399,29400],{"class":73},"Value",[67,29402,1161],{"class":81},[67,29404,29405],{"class":85}," 200\n",[67,29407,29408,29411,29413,29415,29417,29419,29421,29423,29425,29427,29429],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,29409,29410],{"class":73},"Dictionary",[67,29412,1161],{"class":81},[67,29414,10678],{"class":81},[67,29416,333],{"class":239},[67,29418,15646],{"class":243},[67,29420,333],{"class":239},[67,29422,1161],{"class":81},[67,29424,342],{"class":239},[67,29426,15655],{"class":243},[67,29428,333],{"class":239},[67,29430,9496],{"class":81},[14,29432,29433],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[53,29435,29437],{"id":29436},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29439,29440,29441,28666,29443,114],{},"In current Python versions, ",[17,29442,12959],{},[3934,29444,28669],{},[14,29446,222],{},[58,29448,29450],{"className":60,"code":29449,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[17,29451,29452,29496],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,29453,29454,29456,29458,29460,29462,29464,29466,29468,29470,29472,29474,29476,29478,29480,29482,29484,29486,29488,29490,29492,29494],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,29455,9352],{"class":73},[67,29457,78],{"class":77},[67,29459,10678],{"class":81},[67,29461,240],{"class":239},[67,29463,2361],{"class":243},[67,29465,240],{"class":239},[67,29467,1161],{"class":81},[67,29469,5689],{"class":85},[67,29471,89],{"class":81},[67,29473,251],{"class":239},[67,29475,11934],{"class":243},[67,29477,240],{"class":239},[67,29479,1161],{"class":81},[67,29481,3182],{"class":85},[67,29483,89],{"class":81},[67,29485,251],{"class":239},[67,29487,22266],{"class":243},[67,29489,240],{"class":239},[67,29491,1161],{"class":81},[67,29493,2639],{"class":85},[67,29495,9496],{"class":81},[67,29497,29498,29500,29502,29504,29506,29508],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,29499,135],{"class":134},[67,29501,138],{"class":81},[67,29503,9391],{"class":117},[67,29505,114],{"class":81},[67,29507,28734],{"class":117},[67,29509,1239],{"class":81},[14,29511,29512],{},[3934,29513,159],{},[58,29515,29517],{"className":60,"code":29516,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"('z', 3)\n",[17,29518,29519],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,29520,29521,29523,29525,29527,29529,29531,29533],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,29522,138],{"class":81},[67,29524,333],{"class":239},[67,29526,22266],{"class":243},[67,29528,333],{"class":239},[67,29530,89],{"class":81},[67,29532,2639],{"class":85},[67,29534,144],{"class":81},[14,29536,29537],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29539,29540,29541,29543,29544,29546],{},"As a beginner, do ",[3934,29542,4820],{}," think of ",[17,29545,12959],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29548,29549,29550,1550,29554,17260,29558,114],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[45,29551,29552],{"href":17263},[17,29553,17266],{},[45,29555,29556],{"href":17250},[17,29557,17253],{},[45,29559,29560],{"href":17256},[17,29561,17259],{},[53,29563,29565,29566,961,29568],{"id":29564},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[17,29567,12959],{},[17,29569,39],{},[14,29571,29572,961,29574,29576],{},[17,29573,12959],{},[17,29575,39],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1109,29578,29579],{"id":28734},[17,29580,12959],{},[25,29582,29583,29586,29589],{},[28,29584,29585],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[28,29587,29588],{},"does not need a key argument",[28,29590,3882,29591],{},[17,29592,21844],{},[1109,29594,29595],{"id":118},[17,29596,39],{},[25,29598,29599,29602,29605],{},[28,29600,29601],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[28,29603,29604],{},"needs the key name",[28,29606,29607],{},"returns only the value",[14,29609,222],{},[58,29611,29613],{"className":60,"code":29612,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,29614,29615,29659,29663,29677,29697,29701,29723,29742,29746],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,29616,29617,29619,29621,29623,29625,29627,29629,29631,29633,29635,29637,29639,29641,29643,29645,29647,29649,29651,29653,29655,29657],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,29618,9352],{"class":73},[67,29620,78],{"class":77},[67,29622,10678],{"class":81},[67,29624,240],{"class":239},[67,29626,45],{"class":243},[67,29628,240],{"class":239},[67,29630,1161],{"class":81},[67,29632,5689],{"class":85},[67,29634,89],{"class":81},[67,29636,251],{"class":239},[67,29638,428],{"class":243},[67,29640,240],{"class":239},[67,29642,1161],{"class":81},[67,29644,3182],{"class":85},[67,29646,89],{"class":81},[67,29648,251],{"class":239},[67,29650,437],{"class":243},[67,29652,240],{"class":239},[67,29654,1161],{"class":81},[67,29656,2639],{"class":85},[67,29658,9496],{"class":81},[67,29660,29661],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,29662,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,29664,29665,29667,29669,29671,29673,29675],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,29666,450],{"class":73},[67,29668,78],{"class":77},[67,29670,14753],{"class":73},[67,29672,114],{"class":81},[67,29674,28734],{"class":117},[67,29676,121],{"class":81},[67,29678,29679,29681,29683,29685,29688,29690,29692,29695],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,29680,135],{"class":134},[67,29682,138],{"class":81},[67,29684,240],{"class":239},[67,29686,29687],{"class":243},"popitem():",[67,29689,240],{"class":239},[67,29691,89],{"class":81},[67,29693,29694],{"class":117}," item",[67,29696,144],{"class":81},[67,29698,29699],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,29700,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,29702,29703,29705,29707,29709,29711,29713,29715,29717,29719,29721],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,29704,2634],{"class":73},[67,29706,78],{"class":77},[67,29708,14753],{"class":73},[67,29710,114],{"class":81},[67,29712,118],{"class":117},[67,29714,138],{"class":81},[67,29716,240],{"class":239},[67,29718,45],{"class":243},[67,29720,240],{"class":239},[67,29722,144],{"class":81},[67,29724,29725,29727,29729,29731,29734,29736,29738,29740],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,29726,135],{"class":134},[67,29728,138],{"class":81},[67,29730,240],{"class":239},[67,29732,29733],{"class":243},"pop('a'):",[67,29735,240],{"class":239},[67,29737,89],{"class":81},[67,29739,8620],{"class":117},[67,29741,144],{"class":81},[67,29743,29744],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,29745,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,29747,29748,29750,29752,29754],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,29749,135],{"class":134},[67,29751,138],{"class":81},[67,29753,9391],{"class":117},[67,29755,144],{"class":81},[14,29757,29758],{},[3934,29759,159],{},[58,29761,29763],{"className":60,"code":29762,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[17,29764,29765,29786,29803],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,29766,29767,29769,29772,29774,29776,29778,29780,29782,29784],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,29768,28734],{"class":117},[67,29770,29771],{"class":81},"():",[67,29773,9423],{"class":81},[67,29775,333],{"class":239},[67,29777,437],{"class":243},[67,29779,333],{"class":239},[67,29781,89],{"class":81},[67,29783,2639],{"class":85},[67,29785,144],{"class":81},[67,29787,29788,29790,29792,29794,29796,29798,29800],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,29789,118],{"class":117},[67,29791,138],{"class":81},[67,29793,333],{"class":239},[67,29795,45],{"class":243},[67,29797,333],{"class":239},[67,29799,16639],{"class":81},[67,29801,29802],{"class":85}," 1\n",[67,29804,29805,29807,29809,29811,29813,29815,29817],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,29806,9465],{"class":81},[67,29808,333],{"class":239},[67,29810,428],{"class":243},[67,29812,333],{"class":239},[67,29814,1161],{"class":81},[67,29816,3182],{"class":85},[67,29818,9496],{"class":81},[14,29820,185,29821,29825],{},[45,29822,29823],{"href":12756},[17,29824,39],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29827,185,29828,29830],{},[17,29829,12959],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[53,29832,29834],{"id":29833},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29836,29837,29838,29840],{},"Calling ",[17,29839,12959],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[58,29842,29844],{"className":60,"code":29843,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[17,29845,29846,29854],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,29847,29848,29850,29852],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,29849,9352],{"class":73},[67,29851,78],{"class":77},[67,29853,10025],{"class":81},[67,29855,29856,29858,29860,29862],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,29857,9391],{"class":73},[67,29859,114],{"class":81},[67,29861,28734],{"class":117},[67,29863,121],{"class":81},[14,29865,29866],{},[3934,29867,29868],{},"Error:",[58,29870,29872],{"className":60,"code":29871,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[17,29873,29874],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,29875,29876,29878,29880,29882,29885],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,29877,19875],{"class":362},[67,29879,1161],{"class":81},[67,29881,342],{"class":239},[67,29883,29884],{"class":243},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[67,29886,29887],{"class":239},"'\n",[1109,29889,29891],{"id":29890},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[58,29893,29895],{"className":60,"code":29894,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[17,29896,29897,29905,29909,29917,29932,29942,29948],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,29898,29899,29901,29903],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,29900,9352],{"class":73},[67,29902,78],{"class":77},[67,29904,10025],{"class":81},[67,29906,29907],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,29908,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,29910,29911,29913,29915],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,29912,1217],{"class":1167},[67,29914,14753],{"class":73},[67,29916,1223],{"class":81},[67,29918,29919,29922,29924,29926,29928,29930],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,29920,29921],{"class":73},"    item ",[67,29923,78],{"class":77},[67,29925,14753],{"class":73},[67,29927,114],{"class":81},[67,29929,28734],{"class":117},[67,29931,121],{"class":81},[67,29933,29934,29936,29938,29940],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,29935,1228],{"class":134},[67,29937,138],{"class":81},[67,29939,479],{"class":117},[67,29941,144],{"class":81},[67,29943,29944,29946],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,29945,1244],{"class":1167},[67,29947,1223],{"class":81},[67,29949,29950,29952,29954,29956,29959,29961],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,29951,1228],{"class":134},[67,29953,138],{"class":81},[67,29955,240],{"class":239},[67,29957,29958],{"class":243},"Dictionary is empty",[67,29960,240],{"class":239},[67,29962,144],{"class":81},[1109,29964,29966,29967],{"id":29965},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[17,29968,29969],{},"try-except",[58,29971,29973],{"className":60,"code":29972,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[17,29974,29975,29983,29987,29993,30007,30017,30026],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,29976,29977,29979,29981],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,29978,9352],{"class":73},[67,29980,78],{"class":77},[67,29982,10025],{"class":81},[67,29984,29985],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,29986,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,29988,29989,29991],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,29990,1190],{"class":1167},[67,29992,1223],{"class":81},[67,29994,29995,29997,29999,30001,30003,30005],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,29996,29921],{"class":73},[67,29998,78],{"class":77},[67,30000,14753],{"class":73},[67,30002,114],{"class":81},[67,30004,28734],{"class":117},[67,30006,121],{"class":81},[67,30008,30009,30011,30013,30015],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,30010,1228],{"class":134},[67,30012,138],{"class":81},[67,30014,479],{"class":117},[67,30016,144],{"class":81},[67,30018,30019,30021,30024],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,30020,1193],{"class":1167},[67,30022,30023],{"class":362}," KeyError",[67,30025,1223],{"class":81},[67,30027,30028,30030,30032,30034,30037,30039],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,30029,1228],{"class":134},[67,30031,138],{"class":81},[67,30033,240],{"class":239},[67,30035,30036],{"class":243},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[67,30038,240],{"class":239},[67,30040,144],{"class":81},[14,30042,30043,30044,114],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[45,30045,25868,30047],{"href":30046},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[17,30048,30049],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[53,30051,5151,30053],{"id":30052},"when-to-use-popitem",[17,30054,12959],{},[14,30056,30057,30059],{},[17,30058,12959],{}," is useful when:",[25,30061,30062,30065,30068],{},[28,30063,30064],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[28,30066,30067],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[28,30069,30070],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,30072,30073],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[58,30075,30077],{"className":60,"code":30076,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[17,30078,30079,30087,30107,30127,30145,30149,30153,30162,30181],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,30080,30081,30083,30085],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,30082,551],{"class":73},[67,30084,78],{"class":77},[67,30086,11681],{"class":81},[67,30088,30089,30091,30094,30096,30098,30100,30103,30105],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,30090,11686],{"class":239},[67,30092,30093],{"class":243},"first",[67,30095,240],{"class":239},[67,30097,1161],{"class":81},[67,30099,251],{"class":239},[67,30101,30102],{"class":243},"wash dishes",[67,30104,240],{"class":239},[67,30106,11702],{"class":81},[67,30108,30109,30111,30114,30116,30118,30120,30123,30125],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,30110,11686],{"class":239},[67,30112,30113],{"class":243},"second",[67,30115,240],{"class":239},[67,30117,1161],{"class":81},[67,30119,251],{"class":239},[67,30121,30122],{"class":243},"do homework",[67,30124,240],{"class":239},[67,30126,11702],{"class":81},[67,30128,30129,30131,30134,30136,30138,30140,30143],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,30130,11686],{"class":239},[67,30132,30133],{"class":243},"third",[67,30135,240],{"class":239},[67,30137,1161],{"class":81},[67,30139,251],{"class":239},[67,30141,30142],{"class":243},"read book",[67,30144,3547],{"class":239},[67,30146,30147],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,30148,9496],{"class":81},[67,30150,30151],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,30152,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,30154,30155,30158,30160],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,30156,30157],{"class":1167},"while",[67,30159,596],{"class":73},[67,30161,1223],{"class":81},[67,30163,30164,30167,30169,30171,30173,30175,30177,30179],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,30165,30166],{"class":73},"    key",[67,30168,89],{"class":81},[67,30170,21773],{"class":73},[67,30172,78],{"class":77},[67,30174,596],{"class":73},[67,30176,114],{"class":81},[67,30178,28734],{"class":117},[67,30180,121],{"class":81},[67,30182,30183,30185,30187,30189,30191,30193,30195,30197,30199,30201,30203,30205,30207],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,30184,1228],{"class":134},[67,30186,138],{"class":81},[67,30188,22483],{"class":2254},[67,30190,240],{"class":243},[67,30192,9465],{"class":85},[67,30194,15028],{"class":117},[67,30196,22492],{"class":85},[67,30198,22495],{"class":243},[67,30200,9465],{"class":85},[67,30202,2661],{"class":117},[67,30204,22492],{"class":85},[67,30206,240],{"class":243},[67,30208,144],{"class":81},[14,30210,30211],{},[3934,30212,30213],{},"Possible output:",[58,30215,30217],{"className":60,"code":30216,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[17,30218,30219,30228,30237],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,30220,30221,30223,30225],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,30222,30133],{"class":73},[67,30224,1161],{"class":81},[67,30226,30227],{"class":73}," read book\n",[67,30229,30230,30232,30234],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,30231,30113],{"class":73},[67,30233,1161],{"class":81},[67,30235,30236],{"class":73}," do homework\n",[67,30238,30239,30241,30243],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,30240,30093],{"class":73},[67,30242,1161],{"class":81},[67,30244,30245],{"class":73}," wash dishes\n",[14,30247,29248,30248,30250],{},[17,30249,12959],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[53,30252,1907],{"id":1906},[14,30254,14920,30255,1161],{},[17,30256,12959],{},[25,30258,30259,30273,30292,30303],{},[28,30260,30261,30266],{},[3934,30262,29837,30263,30265],{},[17,30264,12959],{}," on an empty dictionary",[25,30267,30268],{},[28,30269,30270,30271,114],{},"This raises ",[17,30272,19875],{},[28,30274,30275,30280],{},[3934,30276,1930,30277,30279],{},[17,30278,12959],{}," to remove a specific key",[25,30281,30282,30285],{},[28,30283,30284],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[28,30286,185,30287,30291],{},[45,30288,30289],{"href":12756},[17,30290,39],{}," if you need that.",[28,30293,30294,30298],{},[3934,30295,4894,30296,27887],{},[17,30297,12959],{},[25,30299,30300],{},[28,30301,30302],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[28,30304,30305,30308],{},[3934,30306,30307],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[25,30309,30310],{},[28,30311,30312,22164,30314,30316],{},[17,30313,12959],{},[17,30315,21844],{}," tuple.",[14,30318,30319],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[58,30321,30323],{"className":60,"code":30322,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[17,30324,30325,30335,30349,30353,30367],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,30326,30327,30329,30331,30333],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,30328,135],{"class":134},[67,30330,138],{"class":81},[67,30332,11637],{"class":117},[67,30334,144],{"class":81},[67,30336,30337,30339,30341,30343,30345,30347],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,30338,135],{"class":134},[67,30340,138],{"class":81},[67,30342,1964],{"class":134},[67,30344,138],{"class":81},[67,30346,11637],{"class":117},[67,30348,1426],{"class":81},[67,30350,30351],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,30352,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,30354,30355,30357,30359,30361,30363,30365],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,30356,450],{"class":73},[67,30358,78],{"class":77},[67,30360,11955],{"class":73},[67,30362,114],{"class":81},[67,30364,28734],{"class":117},[67,30366,121],{"class":81},[67,30368,30369,30371,30373,30375],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,30370,135],{"class":134},[67,30372,138],{"class":81},[67,30374,479],{"class":117},[67,30376,144],{"class":81},[14,30378,30379],{},"Or with unpacking:",[58,30381,30383],{"className":60,"code":30382,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[17,30384,30385,30403,30413],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,30386,30387,30389,30391,30393,30395,30397,30399,30401],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,30388,15028],{"class":73},[67,30390,89],{"class":81},[67,30392,21773],{"class":73},[67,30394,78],{"class":77},[67,30396,11955],{"class":73},[67,30398,114],{"class":81},[67,30400,28734],{"class":117},[67,30402,121],{"class":81},[67,30404,30405,30407,30409,30411],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,30406,135],{"class":134},[67,30408,138],{"class":81},[67,30410,15028],{"class":117},[67,30412,144],{"class":81},[67,30414,30415,30417,30419,30421],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,30416,135],{"class":134},[67,30418,138],{"class":81},[67,30420,2661],{"class":117},[67,30422,144],{"class":81},[53,30424,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,30426,5331,30428,5334],{"id":30427},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[17,30429,12959],{},[14,30431,30432,30433,114],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[17,30434,30435],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1109,30437,12894,30439,30441],{"id":30438},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[17,30440,12959],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30443,30444],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1109,30446,30448,30449,30451],{"id":30447},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[17,30450,12959],{}," removes?",[14,30453,30454,30455,30459],{},"No. Use ",[45,30456,30457],{"href":12756},[17,30458,39],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1109,30461,12894,30463,15083],{"id":30462},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[17,30464,12959],{},[14,30466,30467],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1109,30469,30471,30472,30474],{"id":30470},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[17,30473,12959],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30476,30477,30478,30480,30481,114],{},"It raises ",[17,30479,19875],{}," with the message ",[17,30482,29884],{},[53,30484,2094],{"id":2093},[25,30486,30487,30494,30500,30506,30512,30519,30523,30527],{},[28,30488,30489],{},[45,30490,30491,30493],{"href":12756},[17,30492,39],{}," method for dictionaries",[28,30495,30496],{},[45,30497,30498,30493],{"href":17263},[17,30499,17266],{},[28,30501,30502],{},[45,30503,30504,30493],{"href":17250},[17,30505,17253],{},[28,30507,30508],{},[45,30509,30510,30493],{"href":17256},[17,30511,17259],{},[28,30513,30514],{},[45,30515,30517,30493],{"href":30516},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[17,30518,11508],{},[28,30520,30521],{},[45,30522,12976],{"href":12763},[28,30524,30525],{},[45,30526,21646],{"href":16784},[28,30528,30529],{},[45,30530,30531,30532],{"href":30046},"Fix ",[17,30533,30049],{},[2122,30535,30536],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":30538},[30539,30540,30542,30543,30544,30545,30546,30547,30552,30557,30559,30560,30572],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":28821,"depth":103,"text":30541},"What popitem() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":28891,"depth":103,"text":28892},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":29244,"depth":103,"text":29245},{"id":29436,"depth":103,"text":29437},{"id":29564,"depth":103,"text":30548,"children":30549},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30550,30551],{"id":28734,"depth":124,"text":12959},{"id":118,"depth":124,"text":39},{"id":29833,"depth":103,"text":29834,"children":30553},[30554,30555],{"id":29890,"depth":124,"text":29891},{"id":29965,"depth":124,"text":30556},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30052,"depth":103,"text":30558},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":30561},[30562,30564,30566,30568,30570],{"id":30427,"depth":124,"text":30563},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30438,"depth":124,"text":30565},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30447,"depth":124,"text":30567},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30462,"depth":124,"text":30569},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30470,"depth":124,"text":30571},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28561,"description":30573},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30580,"title":30581,"body":30582,"description":32485,"extension":2153,"meta":32486,"navigation":127,"path":14219,"seo":32487,"stem":32488,"__hash__":32489},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30583,"toc":32457},[30584,30589,30594,30597,30599,30696,30701,30706,30711,30714,30722,30725,30740,30742,30842,30844,30901,30905,30907,30910,30930,30935,30946,30949,30976,30979,30981,31038,31040,31061,31067,31072,31075,31086,31088,31196,31198,31251,31253,31265,31272,31278,31283,31286,31374,31376,31421,31424,31432,31435,31438,31507,31510,31513,31517,31520,31591,31593,31646,31649,31652,31655,31670,31673,31685,31688,31751,31753,31759,31761,31763,31842,31844,31885,31887,31952,31954,31991,31996,32001,32005,32019,32022,32145,32147,32232,32237,32239,32243,32265,32268,32348,32351,32370,32375,32377,32383,32388,32394,32397,32403,32406,32412,32417,32423,32429,32431,32454],[10,30585,11505,30587,11509],{"id":30586},"python-dictionary-update-method",[17,30588,15141],{},[14,30590,379,30591,30593],{},[17,30592,15141],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30595,30596],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[53,30598,56],{"id":55},[58,30600,30602],{"className":60,"code":30601,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[17,30603,30604,30640,30681,30691],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,30605,30606,30608,30610,30612,30614,30616,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30632,30634,30636,30638],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,30607,13390],{"class":73},[67,30609,78],{"class":77},[67,30611,10678],{"class":81},[67,30613,240],{"class":239},[67,30615,7860],{"class":243},[67,30617,240],{"class":239},[67,30619,1161],{"class":81},[67,30621,251],{"class":239},[67,30623,986],{"class":243},[67,30625,240],{"class":239},[67,30627,89],{"class":81},[67,30629,251],{"class":239},[67,30631,9486],{"class":243},[67,30633,240],{"class":239},[67,30635,1161],{"class":81},[67,30637,92],{"class":85},[67,30639,9496],{"class":81},[67,30641,30642,30644,30646,30649,30651,30653,30655,30657,30659,30662,30664,30666,30668,30670,30672,30674,30676,30678],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,30643,17495],{"class":73},[67,30645,114],{"class":81},[67,30647,30648],{"class":117},"update",[67,30650,5721],{"class":81},[67,30652,240],{"class":239},[67,30654,9486],{"class":243},[67,30656,240],{"class":239},[67,30658,1161],{"class":81},[67,30660,30661],{"class":85}," 21",[67,30663,89],{"class":81},[67,30665,251],{"class":239},[67,30667,10596],{"class":243},[67,30669,240],{"class":239},[67,30671,1161],{"class":81},[67,30673,251],{"class":239},[67,30675,16218],{"class":243},[67,30677,240],{"class":239},[67,30679,30680],{"class":81},"})\n",[67,30682,30683,30685,30687,30689],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,30684,135],{"class":134},[67,30686,138],{"class":81},[67,30688,17495],{"class":117},[67,30690,144],{"class":81},[67,30692,30693],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,30694,30695],{"class":3852},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30697,185,30698,30700],{},[17,30699,15141],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[53,30702,3867,30704,3870],{"id":30703},"what-update-does",[17,30705,15141],{},[14,30707,30708,30710],{},[17,30709,15141],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30712,30713],{},"It can do two main things:",[25,30715,30716,30719],{},[28,30717,30718],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[28,30720,30721],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30723,30724],{},"Important things to know:",[25,30726,30727,30730,30733,30737],{},[28,30728,30729],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[28,30731,30732],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[28,30734,5337,30735],{},[17,30736,1103],{},[28,30738,30739],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30741,222],{},[58,30743,30745],{"className":60,"code":30744,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[17,30746,30747,30789,30832],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,30748,30749,30751,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30768,30770,30772,30774,30776,30778,30780,30782,30785,30787],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,30750,13053],{"class":73},[67,30752,78],{"class":77},[67,30754,10678],{"class":81},[67,30756,240],{"class":239},[67,30758,7860],{"class":243},[67,30760,240],{"class":239},[67,30762,1161],{"class":81},[67,30764,251],{"class":239},[67,30766,30767],{"class":243},"Mira",[67,30769,240],{"class":239},[67,30771,89],{"class":81},[67,30773,251],{"class":239},[67,30775,20079],{"class":243},[67,30777,240],{"class":239},[67,30779,1161],{"class":81},[67,30781,251],{"class":239},[67,30783,30784],{"class":243},"B",[67,30786,240],{"class":239},[67,30788,9496],{"class":81},[67,30790,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825,30828,30830],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,30792,13812],{"class":73},[67,30794,114],{"class":81},[67,30796,30648],{"class":117},[67,30798,5721],{"class":81},[67,30800,240],{"class":239},[67,30802,20079],{"class":243},[67,30804,240],{"class":239},[67,30806,1161],{"class":81},[67,30808,251],{"class":239},[67,30810,22434],{"class":243},[67,30812,240],{"class":239},[67,30814,89],{"class":81},[67,30816,251],{"class":239},[67,30818,10596],{"class":243},[67,30820,240],{"class":239},[67,30822,1161],{"class":81},[67,30824,251],{"class":239},[67,30826,30827],{"class":243},"Quito",[67,30829,240],{"class":239},[67,30831,30680],{"class":81},[67,30833,30834,30836,30838,30840],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,30835,135],{"class":134},[67,30837,138],{"class":81},[67,30839,13812],{"class":117},[67,30841,144],{"class":81},[14,30843,159],{},[58,30845,30847],{"className":60,"code":30846,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[17,30848,30849],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,30850,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30873,30875,30877,30879,30881,30883,30885,30887,30889,30891,30893,30895,30897,30899],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,30852,9465],{"class":81},[67,30854,333],{"class":239},[67,30856,7860],{"class":243},[67,30858,333],{"class":239},[67,30860,1161],{"class":81},[67,30862,342],{"class":239},[67,30864,30767],{"class":243},[67,30866,333],{"class":239},[67,30868,89],{"class":81},[67,30870,342],{"class":239},[67,30872,20079],{"class":243},[67,30874,333],{"class":239},[67,30876,1161],{"class":81},[67,30878,342],{"class":239},[67,30880,22434],{"class":243},[67,30882,333],{"class":239},[67,30884,89],{"class":81},[67,30886,342],{"class":239},[67,30888,10596],{"class":243},[67,30890,333],{"class":239},[67,30892,1161],{"class":81},[67,30894,342],{"class":239},[67,30896,30827],{"class":243},[67,30898,333],{"class":239},[67,30900,9496],{"class":81},[14,30902,9338,30903,114],{},[45,30904,24816],{"href":9578},[53,30906,352],{"id":351},[14,30908,30909],{},"The basic form is:",[58,30911,30913],{"className":60,"code":30912,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[17,30914,30915],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,30916,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30928],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,30918,15792],{"class":73},[67,30920,114],{"class":81},[67,30922,30648],{"class":117},[67,30924,138],{"class":81},[67,30926,30927],{"class":117},"other",[67,30929,144],{"class":81},[14,30931,30932,30934],{},[17,30933,30927],{}," can be:",[25,30936,30937,30940,30943],{},[28,30938,30939],{},"Another dictionary",[28,30941,30942],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[28,30944,30945],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30947,30948],{},"You can also use:",[58,30950,30952],{"className":60,"code":30951,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[17,30953,30954],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,30955,30956,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,30957,15792],{"class":73},[67,30959,114],{"class":81},[67,30961,30648],{"class":117},[67,30963,138],{"class":81},[67,30965,7860],{"class":9362},[67,30967,78],{"class":77},[67,30969,240],{"class":239},[67,30971,7869],{"class":243},[67,30973,240],{"class":239},[67,30975,144],{"class":81},[14,30977,30978],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30980,222],{},[58,30982,30984],{"className":60,"code":30983,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[17,30985,30986,31006,31028],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,30987,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,30989,9352],{"class":73},[67,30991,78],{"class":77},[67,30993,10678],{"class":81},[67,30995,240],{"class":239},[67,30997,45],{"class":243},[67,30999,240],{"class":239},[67,31001,1161],{"class":81},[67,31003,5689],{"class":85},[67,31005,9496],{"class":81},[67,31007,31008,31010,31012,31014,31016,31018,31020,31022,31024,31026],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,31009,9391],{"class":73},[67,31011,114],{"class":81},[67,31013,30648],{"class":117},[67,31015,5721],{"class":81},[67,31017,240],{"class":239},[67,31019,45],{"class":243},[67,31021,240],{"class":239},[67,31023,1161],{"class":81},[67,31025,6196],{"class":85},[67,31027,30680],{"class":81},[67,31029,31030,31032,31034,31036],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,31031,135],{"class":134},[67,31033,138],{"class":81},[67,31035,9391],{"class":117},[67,31037,144],{"class":81},[14,31039,159],{},[58,31041,31043],{"className":60,"code":31042,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'a': 10}\n",[17,31044,31045],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,31046,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,31048,9465],{"class":81},[67,31050,333],{"class":239},[67,31052,45],{"class":243},[67,31054,333],{"class":239},[67,31056,1161],{"class":81},[67,31058,6196],{"class":85},[67,31060,9496],{"class":81},[53,31062,8604,31064,31066],{"id":31063},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[17,31065,15141],{}," with another dictionary",[14,31068,31069,31070,114],{},"This is the most common use of ",[17,31071,15141],{},[14,31073,31074],{},"It is useful when:",[25,31076,31077,31080,31083],{},[28,31078,31079],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[28,31081,31082],{},"Adding extra settings",[28,31084,31085],{},"Updating stored data",[14,31087,222],{},[58,31089,31091],{"className":60,"code":31090,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[17,31092,31093,31130,31167,31171,31186],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,31094,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31128],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,31096,14012],{"class":73},[67,31098,78],{"class":77},[67,31100,10678],{"class":81},[67,31102,240],{"class":239},[67,31104,12684],{"class":243},[67,31106,240],{"class":239},[67,31108,1161],{"class":81},[67,31110,251],{"class":239},[67,31112,21116],{"class":243},[67,31114,240],{"class":239},[67,31116,89],{"class":81},[67,31118,251],{"class":239},[67,31120,14037],{"class":243},[67,31122,240],{"class":239},[67,31124,1161],{"class":81},[67,31126,31127],{"class":85}," 12",[67,31129,9496],{"class":81},[67,31131,31132,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,31133,31134],{"class":73},"new_settings ",[67,31136,78],{"class":77},[67,31138,10678],{"class":81},[67,31140,240],{"class":239},[67,31142,14037],{"class":243},[67,31144,240],{"class":239},[67,31146,1161],{"class":81},[67,31148,14044],{"class":85},[67,31150,89],{"class":81},[67,31152,251],{"class":239},[67,31154,20311],{"class":243},[67,31156,240],{"class":239},[67,31158,1161],{"class":81},[67,31160,251],{"class":239},[67,31162,20345],{"class":243},[67,31164,240],{"class":239},[67,31166,9496],{"class":81},[67,31168,31169],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,31170,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,31172,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181,31184],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,31174,14071],{"class":73},[67,31176,114],{"class":81},[67,31178,30648],{"class":117},[67,31180,138],{"class":81},[67,31182,31183],{"class":117},"new_settings",[67,31185,144],{"class":81},[67,31187,31188,31190,31192,31194],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,31189,135],{"class":134},[67,31191,138],{"class":81},[67,31193,14071],{"class":117},[67,31195,144],{"class":81},[14,31197,159],{},[58,31199,31201],{"className":60,"code":31200,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[17,31202,31203],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,31204,31205,31207,31209,31211,31213,31215,31217,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231,31233,31235,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,31206,9465],{"class":81},[67,31208,333],{"class":239},[67,31210,12684],{"class":243},[67,31212,333],{"class":239},[67,31214,1161],{"class":81},[67,31216,342],{"class":239},[67,31218,21116],{"class":243},[67,31220,333],{"class":239},[67,31222,89],{"class":81},[67,31224,342],{"class":239},[67,31226,14037],{"class":243},[67,31228,333],{"class":239},[67,31230,1161],{"class":81},[67,31232,14044],{"class":85},[67,31234,89],{"class":81},[67,31236,342],{"class":239},[67,31238,20311],{"class":243},[67,31240,333],{"class":239},[67,31242,1161],{"class":81},[67,31244,342],{"class":239},[67,31246,20345],{"class":243},[67,31248,333],{"class":239},[67,31250,9496],{"class":81},[14,31252,13595],{},[25,31254,31255,31260],{},[28,31256,31257,31259],{},[17,31258,14037],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[28,31261,31262,31264],{},[17,31263,20311],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,31266,31267,31268,114],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[45,31269,31271],{"href":31270},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[53,31273,8604,31275,31277],{"id":31274},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[17,31276,15141],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,31279,31280,31282],{},[17,31281,15141],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,31284,31285],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[58,31287,31289],{"className":60,"code":31288,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[17,31290,31291,31311,31346,31350,31364],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,31292,31293,31295,31297,31299,31301,31303,31305,31307,31309],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,31294,5252],{"class":73},[67,31296,78],{"class":77},[67,31298,10678],{"class":81},[67,31300,240],{"class":239},[67,31302,18604],{"class":243},[67,31304,240],{"class":239},[67,31306,1161],{"class":81},[67,31308,20086],{"class":85},[67,31310,9496],{"class":81},[67,31312,31313,31315,31317,31319,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31338,31340,31342,31344],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,31314,9402],{"class":73},[67,31316,78],{"class":77},[67,31318,9407],{"class":81},[67,31320,240],{"class":239},[67,31322,18613],{"class":243},[67,31324,240],{"class":239},[67,31326,89],{"class":81},[67,31328,13693],{"class":85},[67,31330,9420],{"class":81},[67,31332,9423],{"class":81},[67,31334,240],{"class":239},[67,31336,31337],{"class":243},"english",[67,31339,240],{"class":239},[67,31341,89],{"class":81},[67,31343,29107],{"class":85},[67,31345,9436],{"class":81},[67,31347,31348],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,31349,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,31351,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,31353,16576],{"class":73},[67,31355,114],{"class":81},[67,31357,30648],{"class":117},[67,31359,138],{"class":81},[67,31361,9449],{"class":117},[67,31363,144],{"class":81},[67,31365,31366,31368,31370,31372],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,31367,135],{"class":134},[67,31369,138],{"class":81},[67,31371,16576],{"class":117},[67,31373,144],{"class":81},[14,31375,159],{},[58,31377,31379],{"className":60,"code":31378,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[17,31380,31381],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,31382,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,31384,9465],{"class":81},[67,31386,333],{"class":239},[67,31388,18604],{"class":243},[67,31390,333],{"class":239},[67,31392,1161],{"class":81},[67,31394,20086],{"class":85},[67,31396,89],{"class":81},[67,31398,342],{"class":239},[67,31400,18613],{"class":243},[67,31402,333],{"class":239},[67,31404,1161],{"class":81},[67,31406,13693],{"class":85},[67,31408,89],{"class":81},[67,31410,342],{"class":239},[67,31412,31337],{"class":243},[67,31414,333],{"class":239},[67,31416,1161],{"class":81},[67,31418,29107],{"class":85},[67,31420,9496],{"class":81},[14,31422,31423],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[25,31425,31426,31429],{},[28,31427,31428],{},"The key",[28,31430,31431],{},"The value",[14,31433,31434],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31436,31437],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[58,31439,31441],{"className":60,"code":31440,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[17,31442,31443,31463,31488,31492],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,31444,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,31446,9352],{"class":73},[67,31448,78],{"class":77},[67,31450,10678],{"class":81},[67,31452,240],{"class":239},[67,31454,45],{"class":243},[67,31456,240],{"class":239},[67,31458,1161],{"class":81},[67,31460,5689],{"class":85},[67,31462,9496],{"class":81},[67,31464,31465,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,31466,31467],{"class":73},"bad_pairs ",[67,31469,78],{"class":77},[67,31471,9407],{"class":81},[67,31473,240],{"class":239},[67,31475,428],{"class":243},[67,31477,240],{"class":239},[67,31479,89],{"class":81},[67,31481,3182],{"class":85},[67,31483,89],{"class":81},[67,31485,2639],{"class":85},[67,31487,9436],{"class":81},[67,31489,31490],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,31491,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,31493,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31505],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,31495,9391],{"class":73},[67,31497,114],{"class":81},[67,31499,30648],{"class":117},[67,31501,138],{"class":81},[67,31503,31504],{"class":117},"bad_pairs",[67,31506,144],{"class":81},[14,31508,31509],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31511,31512],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[53,31514,31516],{"id":31515},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31518,31519],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[58,31521,31523],{"className":60,"code":31522,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[17,31524,31525,31549,31581],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,31526,31527,31529,31531,31533,31535,31537,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,31528,11676],{"class":73},[67,31530,78],{"class":77},[67,31532,10678],{"class":81},[67,31534,240],{"class":239},[67,31536,7860],{"class":243},[67,31538,240],{"class":239},[67,31540,1161],{"class":81},[67,31542,251],{"class":239},[67,31544,29100],{"class":243},[67,31546,240],{"class":239},[67,31548,9496],{"class":81},[67,31550,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31570,31572,31574,31577,31579],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,31552,11770],{"class":73},[67,31554,114],{"class":81},[67,31556,30648],{"class":117},[67,31558,138],{"class":81},[67,31560,9486],{"class":9362},[67,31562,78],{"class":77},[67,31564,9380],{"class":85},[67,31566,89],{"class":81},[67,31568,31569],{"class":9362}," city",[67,31571,78],{"class":77},[67,31573,240],{"class":239},[67,31575,31576],{"class":243},"Madrid",[67,31578,240],{"class":239},[67,31580,144],{"class":81},[67,31582,31583,31585,31587,31589],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,31584,135],{"class":134},[67,31586,138],{"class":81},[67,31588,11770],{"class":117},[67,31590,144],{"class":81},[14,31592,159],{},[58,31594,31596],{"className":60,"code":31595,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[17,31597,31598],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,31599,31600,31602,31604,31606,31608,31610,31612,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,31601,9465],{"class":81},[67,31603,333],{"class":239},[67,31605,7860],{"class":243},[67,31607,333],{"class":239},[67,31609,1161],{"class":81},[67,31611,342],{"class":239},[67,31613,29100],{"class":243},[67,31615,333],{"class":239},[67,31617,89],{"class":81},[67,31619,342],{"class":239},[67,31621,9486],{"class":243},[67,31623,333],{"class":239},[67,31625,1161],{"class":81},[67,31627,9493],{"class":85},[67,31629,89],{"class":81},[67,31631,342],{"class":239},[67,31633,10596],{"class":243},[67,31635,333],{"class":239},[67,31637,1161],{"class":81},[67,31639,342],{"class":239},[67,31641,31576],{"class":243},[67,31643,333],{"class":239},[67,31645,9496],{"class":81},[14,31647,31648],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31650,31651],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31653,31654],{},"These work:",[25,31656,31657,31661,31665],{},[28,31658,31659],{},[17,31660,9486],{},[28,31662,31663],{},[17,31664,10596],{},[28,31666,31667],{},[17,31668,31669],{},"first_name",[14,31671,31672],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[25,31674,31675,31680],{},[28,31676,31677],{},[17,31678,31679],{},"\"first name\"",[28,31681,31682],{},[17,31683,31684],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31686,31687],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[58,31689,31691],{"className":60,"code":31690,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[17,31692,31693,31701,31741],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,31694,31695,31697,31699],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,31696,11676],{"class":73},[67,31698,78],{"class":77},[67,31700,10025],{"class":81},[67,31702,31703,31705,31707,31709,31711,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31732,31734,31736,31739],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,31704,11770],{"class":73},[67,31706,114],{"class":81},[67,31708,30648],{"class":117},[67,31710,5721],{"class":81},[67,31712,240],{"class":239},[67,31714,10700],{"class":243},[67,31716,240],{"class":239},[67,31718,1161],{"class":81},[67,31720,251],{"class":239},[67,31722,29100],{"class":243},[67,31724,240],{"class":239},[67,31726,89],{"class":81},[67,31728,251],{"class":239},[67,31730,31731],{"class":243},"user-id",[67,31733,240],{"class":239},[67,31735,1161],{"class":81},[67,31737,31738],{"class":85}," 1001",[67,31740,30680],{"class":81},[67,31742,31743,31745,31747,31749],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,31744,135],{"class":134},[67,31746,138],{"class":81},[67,31748,11770],{"class":117},[67,31750,144],{"class":81},[53,31752,17607],{"id":17606},[14,31754,31755,2584,31757,114],{},[17,31756,15141],{},[17,31758,1103],{},[14,31760,14235],{},[14,31762,24896],{},[58,31764,31766],{"className":60,"code":31765,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[17,31767,31768,31792,31818,31822,31832],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,31769,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780,31782,31784,31786,31788,31790],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,31771,13390],{"class":73},[67,31773,78],{"class":77},[67,31775,10678],{"class":81},[67,31777,240],{"class":239},[67,31779,7860],{"class":243},[67,31781,240],{"class":239},[67,31783,1161],{"class":81},[67,31785,251],{"class":239},[67,31787,986],{"class":243},[67,31789,240],{"class":239},[67,31791,9496],{"class":81},[67,31793,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,31795,2416],{"class":73},[67,31797,78],{"class":77},[67,31799,13433],{"class":73},[67,31801,114],{"class":81},[67,31803,30648],{"class":117},[67,31805,5721],{"class":81},[67,31807,240],{"class":239},[67,31809,9486],{"class":243},[67,31811,240],{"class":239},[67,31813,1161],{"class":81},[67,31815,92],{"class":85},[67,31817,30680],{"class":81},[67,31819,31820],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,31821,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,31823,31824,31826,31828,31830],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,31825,135],{"class":134},[67,31827,138],{"class":81},[67,31829,2451],{"class":117},[67,31831,144],{"class":81},[67,31833,31834,31836,31838,31840],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,31835,135],{"class":134},[67,31837,138],{"class":81},[67,31839,17495],{"class":117},[67,31841,144],{"class":81},[14,31843,159],{},[58,31845,31847],{"className":60,"code":31846,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[17,31848,31849,31853],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,31850,31851],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,31852,11997],{"class":4043},[67,31854,31855,31857,31859,31861,31863,31865,31867,31869,31871,31873,31875,31877,31879,31881,31883],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,31856,9465],{"class":81},[67,31858,333],{"class":239},[67,31860,7860],{"class":243},[67,31862,333],{"class":239},[67,31864,1161],{"class":81},[67,31866,342],{"class":239},[67,31868,986],{"class":243},[67,31870,333],{"class":239},[67,31872,89],{"class":81},[67,31874,342],{"class":239},[67,31876,9486],{"class":243},[67,31878,333],{"class":239},[67,31880,1161],{"class":81},[67,31882,92],{"class":85},[67,31884,9496],{"class":81},[14,31886,16843],{},[58,31888,31890],{"className":60,"code":31889,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[17,31891,31892,31916,31938,31942],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,31893,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,31895,13390],{"class":73},[67,31897,78],{"class":77},[67,31899,10678],{"class":81},[67,31901,240],{"class":239},[67,31903,7860],{"class":243},[67,31905,240],{"class":239},[67,31907,1161],{"class":81},[67,31909,251],{"class":239},[67,31911,986],{"class":243},[67,31913,240],{"class":239},[67,31915,9496],{"class":81},[67,31917,31918,31920,31922,31924,31926,31928,31930,31932,31934,31936],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,31919,17495],{"class":73},[67,31921,114],{"class":81},[67,31923,30648],{"class":117},[67,31925,5721],{"class":81},[67,31927,240],{"class":239},[67,31929,9486],{"class":243},[67,31931,240],{"class":239},[67,31933,1161],{"class":81},[67,31935,92],{"class":85},[67,31937,30680],{"class":81},[67,31939,31940],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,31941,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,31943,31944,31946,31948,31950],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,31945,135],{"class":134},[67,31947,138],{"class":81},[67,31949,17495],{"class":117},[67,31951,144],{"class":81},[14,31953,159],{},[58,31955,31957],{"className":60,"code":31956,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[17,31958,31959],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,31960,31961,31963,31965,31967,31969,31971,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,31962,9465],{"class":81},[67,31964,333],{"class":239},[67,31966,7860],{"class":243},[67,31968,333],{"class":239},[67,31970,1161],{"class":81},[67,31972,342],{"class":239},[67,31974,986],{"class":243},[67,31976,333],{"class":239},[67,31978,89],{"class":81},[67,31980,342],{"class":239},[67,31982,9486],{"class":243},[67,31984,333],{"class":239},[67,31986,1161],{"class":81},[67,31988,92],{"class":85},[67,31990,9496],{"class":81},[14,31992,31993,31994,114],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[45,31995,18091],{"href":10918},[53,31997,5151,31999],{"id":31998},"when-to-use-update",[17,32000,15141],{},[14,32002,185,32003,1671],{},[17,32004,15141],{},[25,32006,32007,32010,32013,32016],{},[28,32008,32009],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[28,32011,32012],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[28,32014,32015],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[28,32017,32018],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,32020,32021],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[58,32023,32025],{"className":60,"code":32024,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[17,32026,32027,32063,32078,32082,32121,32125,32135],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,32028,32029,32031,32033,32035,32037,32039,32041,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,32030,12275],{"class":73},[67,32032,78],{"class":77},[67,32034,10678],{"class":81},[67,32036,240],{"class":239},[67,32038,7860],{"class":243},[67,32040,240],{"class":239},[67,32042,1161],{"class":81},[67,32044,251],{"class":239},[67,32046,986],{"class":243},[67,32048,240],{"class":239},[67,32050,89],{"class":81},[67,32052,251],{"class":239},[67,32054,9486],{"class":243},[67,32056,240],{"class":239},[67,32058,1161],{"class":81},[67,32060,92],{"class":85},[67,32062,9496],{"class":81},[67,32064,32065,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,32066,32067],{"class":73},"updated ",[67,32069,78],{"class":77},[67,32071,12350],{"class":73},[67,32073,114],{"class":81},[67,32075,13100],{"class":117},[67,32077,121],{"class":81},[67,32079,32080],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,32081,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,32083,32084,32087,32089,32091,32093,32095,32097,32099,32101,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,32085,32086],{"class":73},"updated",[67,32088,114],{"class":81},[67,32090,30648],{"class":117},[67,32092,5721],{"class":81},[67,32094,240],{"class":239},[67,32096,9486],{"class":243},[67,32098,240],{"class":239},[67,32100,1161],{"class":81},[67,32102,30661],{"class":85},[67,32104,89],{"class":81},[67,32106,251],{"class":239},[67,32108,10596],{"class":243},[67,32110,240],{"class":239},[67,32112,1161],{"class":81},[67,32114,251],{"class":239},[67,32116,16218],{"class":243},[67,32118,240],{"class":239},[67,32120,30680],{"class":81},[67,32122,32123],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,32124,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,32126,32127,32129,32131,32133],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,32128,135],{"class":134},[67,32130,138],{"class":81},[67,32132,12322],{"class":117},[67,32134,144],{"class":81},[67,32136,32137,32139,32141,32143],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,32138,135],{"class":134},[67,32140,138],{"class":81},[67,32142,32086],{"class":117},[67,32144,144],{"class":81},[14,32146,159],{},[58,32148,32150],{"className":60,"code":32149,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[17,32151,32152,32184],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,32153,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162,32164,32166,32168,32170,32172,32174,32176,32178,32180,32182],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,32155,9465],{"class":81},[67,32157,333],{"class":239},[67,32159,7860],{"class":243},[67,32161,333],{"class":239},[67,32163,1161],{"class":81},[67,32165,342],{"class":239},[67,32167,986],{"class":243},[67,32169,333],{"class":239},[67,32171,89],{"class":81},[67,32173,342],{"class":239},[67,32175,9486],{"class":243},[67,32177,333],{"class":239},[67,32179,1161],{"class":81},[67,32181,92],{"class":85},[67,32183,9496],{"class":81},[67,32185,32186,32188,32190,32192,32194,32196,32198,32200,32202,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218,32220,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,32187,9465],{"class":81},[67,32189,333],{"class":239},[67,32191,7860],{"class":243},[67,32193,333],{"class":239},[67,32195,1161],{"class":81},[67,32197,342],{"class":239},[67,32199,986],{"class":243},[67,32201,333],{"class":239},[67,32203,89],{"class":81},[67,32205,342],{"class":239},[67,32207,9486],{"class":243},[67,32209,333],{"class":239},[67,32211,1161],{"class":81},[67,32213,30661],{"class":85},[67,32215,89],{"class":81},[67,32217,342],{"class":239},[67,32219,10596],{"class":243},[67,32221,333],{"class":239},[67,32223,1161],{"class":81},[67,32225,342],{"class":239},[67,32227,16218],{"class":243},[67,32229,333],{"class":239},[67,32231,9496],{"class":81},[14,32233,32234,32235,114],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[45,32236,16785],{"href":16784},[53,32238,1907],{"id":1906},[14,32240,10934,32241,1161],{},[17,32242,15141],{},[25,32244,32245,32252,32256,32259,32262],{},[28,32246,12784,32247,32249,32250],{},[17,32248,15141],{}," to a variable and getting ",[17,32251,1103],{},[28,32253,1930,32254,12792],{},[17,32255,15141],{},[28,32257,32258],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[28,32260,32261],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[28,32263,32264],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,32266,32267],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[58,32269,32271],{"className":60,"code":32270,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[17,32272,32273,32283,32297,32311,32333],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,32274,32275,32277,32279,32281],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,32276,135],{"class":134},[67,32278,138],{"class":81},[67,32280,11637],{"class":117},[67,32282,144],{"class":81},[67,32284,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,32286,135],{"class":134},[67,32288,138],{"class":81},[67,32290,2011],{"class":362},[67,32292,138],{"class":81},[67,32294,9391],{"class":117},[67,32296,1426],{"class":81},[67,32298,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,32300,135],{"class":134},[67,32302,138],{"class":81},[67,32304,363],{"class":362},[67,32306,138],{"class":81},[67,32308,9391],{"class":117},[67,32310,1426],{"class":81},[67,32312,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,32314,135],{"class":134},[67,32316,138],{"class":81},[67,32318,11637],{"class":117},[67,32320,114],{"class":81},[67,32322,19938],{"class":117},[67,32324,138],{"class":81},[67,32326,333],{"class":239},[67,32328,15028],{"class":243},[67,32330,333],{"class":239},[67,32332,1426],{"class":81},[67,32334,32335,32338,32340,32342,32344,32346],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,32336,32337],{"class":134},"help",[67,32339,138],{"class":81},[67,32341,9007],{"class":362},[67,32343,114],{"class":81},[67,32345,30648],{"class":24938},[67,32347,144],{"class":81},[14,32349,32350],{},"These can help you check:",[25,32352,32353,32356,32361,32364,32367],{},[28,32354,32355],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[28,32357,32358,32359],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[17,32360,15141],{},[28,32362,32363],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[28,32365,32366],{},"Whether a key exists",[28,32368,32369],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32371,32372,32373,114],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[45,32374,11449],{"href":11261},[53,32376,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,32378,12894,32380,32382],{"id":32379},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[17,32381,15141],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32384,32385,32386,114],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[17,32387,1103],{},[1109,32389,12894,32391,32393],{"id":32390},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[17,32392,15141],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32395,32396],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1109,32398,5359,32400,32402],{"id":32399},"can-update-add-new-keys",[17,32401,15141],{}," add new keys?",[14,32404,32405],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1109,32407,28516,32409,32411],{"id":32408},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[17,32410,15141],{}," with a list?",[14,32413,32414,32415,114],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[17,32416,11282],{},[1109,32418,5369,32420,32422],{"id":32419},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[17,32421,15141],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32424,32425,32426,32428],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[17,32427,15141],{}," can change many keys at once.",[53,32430,2094],{"id":2093},[25,32432,32433,32437,32441,32446,32450],{},[28,32434,32435],{},[45,32436,26284],{"href":9578},[28,32438,32439],{},[45,32440,11438],{"href":10918},[28,32442,32443],{},[45,32444,32445],{"href":31270},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[28,32447,32448],{},[45,32449,21646],{"href":16784},[28,32451,32452],{},[45,32453,11449],{"href":11261},[2122,32455,32456],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":32458},[32459,32460,32462,32463,32465,32467,32468,32469,32471,32472,32484],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":30703,"depth":103,"text":32461},"What update() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":31063,"depth":103,"text":32464},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31274,"depth":103,"text":32466},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31515,"depth":103,"text":31516},{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607},{"id":31998,"depth":103,"text":32470},"When to use update()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":32473},[32474,32476,32478,32480,32482],{"id":32379,"depth":124,"text":32475},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32390,"depth":124,"text":32477},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32399,"depth":124,"text":32479},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32408,"depth":124,"text":32481},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32419,"depth":124,"text":32483},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30581,"description":32485},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32491,"title":32492,"body":32493,"description":34481,"extension":2153,"meta":34482,"navigation":127,"path":23084,"seo":34483,"stem":34484,"__hash__":34485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32494,"toc":34444},[32495,32500,32507,32510,32512,32611,32613,32668,32673,32678,32692,32697,32699,32714,32716,32730,32743,32748,32754,32761,32763,32870,32872,32921,32927,33002,33004,33025,33027,33030,33135,33137,33192,33194,33222,33226,33231,33310,33312,33332,33334,33345,33355,33359,33364,33467,33469,33494,33497,33508,33513,33522,33525,33542,33544,33631,33633,33696,33698,33721,33723,33728,33734,33739,33741,33780,33786,33789,33808,33819,33825,33828,33901,33903,33922,33927,33930,33953,33959,33962,34026,34029,34106,34113,34116,34175,34181,34183,34202,34206,34209,34260,34263,34283,34285,34346,34348,34353,34358,34363,34368,34373,34378,34384,34387,34396,34404,34406,34441],[10,32496,11505,32498,11509],{"id":32497},"python-dictionary-values-method",[17,32499,17259],{},[14,32501,32502,32503,32506],{},"The Python ",[17,32504,32505],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32508,32509],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[53,32511,56],{"id":55},[58,32513,32515],{"className":60,"code":32514,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[17,32516,32517,32569,32583,32587,32597],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,32518,32519,32521,32523,32525,32527,32529,32531,32533,32535,32537,32539,32541,32543,32545,32547,32549,32551,32553,32555,32557,32559,32561,32563,32565,32567],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,32520,13053],{"class":73},[67,32522,78],{"class":77},[67,32524,10678],{"class":81},[67,32526,240],{"class":239},[67,32528,7860],{"class":243},[67,32530,240],{"class":239},[67,32532,1161],{"class":81},[67,32534,251],{"class":239},[67,32536,986],{"class":243},[67,32538,240],{"class":239},[67,32540,89],{"class":81},[67,32542,251],{"class":239},[67,32544,9486],{"class":243},[67,32546,240],{"class":239},[67,32548,1161],{"class":81},[67,32550,92],{"class":85},[67,32552,89],{"class":81},[67,32554,251],{"class":239},[67,32556,10596],{"class":243},[67,32558,240],{"class":239},[67,32560,1161],{"class":81},[67,32562,251],{"class":239},[67,32564,16218],{"class":243},[67,32566,240],{"class":239},[67,32568,9496],{"class":81},[67,32570,32571,32573,32575,32577,32579,32581],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,32572,4014],{"class":73},[67,32574,78],{"class":77},[67,32576,13095],{"class":73},[67,32578,114],{"class":81},[67,32580,5549],{"class":117},[67,32582,121],{"class":81},[67,32584,32585],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,32586,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,32588,32589,32591,32593,32595],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,32590,135],{"class":134},[67,32592,138],{"class":81},[67,32594,5549],{"class":117},[67,32596,144],{"class":81},[67,32598,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607,32609],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,32600,135],{"class":134},[67,32602,138],{"class":81},[67,32604,363],{"class":362},[67,32606,138],{"class":81},[67,32608,5549],{"class":117},[67,32610,1426],{"class":81},[14,32612,159],{},[58,32614,32616],{"className":60,"code":32615,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[17,32617,32618,32644],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,32619,32620,32622,32624,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,32621,17225],{"class":117},[67,32623,370],{"class":81},[67,32625,333],{"class":239},[67,32627,986],{"class":243},[67,32629,333],{"class":239},[67,32631,89],{"class":81},[67,32633,92],{"class":85},[67,32635,89],{"class":81},[67,32637,342],{"class":239},[67,32639,16218],{"class":243},[67,32641,333],{"class":239},[67,32643,376],{"class":81},[67,32645,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664,32666],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,32647,174],{"class":81},[67,32649,333],{"class":239},[67,32651,986],{"class":243},[67,32653,333],{"class":239},[67,32655,89],{"class":81},[67,32657,92],{"class":85},[67,32659,89],{"class":81},[67,32661,342],{"class":239},[67,32663,16218],{"class":243},[67,32665,333],{"class":239},[67,32667,100],{"class":81},[14,32669,32670,32672],{},[17,32671,17259],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[53,32674,3867,32676,3870],{"id":32675},"what-values-does",[17,32677,17259],{},[25,32679,32680,32683,32686,32689],{},[28,32681,32682],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[28,32684,32685],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[28,32687,32688],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[28,32690,32691],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32693,32694,32695,114],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[45,32696,9579],{"href":9578},[53,32698,352],{"id":351},[58,32700,32702],{"className":60,"code":32701,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_dict.values()\n",[17,32703,32704],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,32705,32706,32708,32710,32712],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,32707,11637],{"class":73},[67,32709,114],{"class":81},[67,32711,5549],{"class":117},[67,32713,121],{"class":81},[14,32715,13241],{},[25,32717,32718,32722,32725],{},[28,32719,32720,11653],{},[17,32721,17259],{},[28,32723,32724],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[28,32726,32727,32728],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[17,32729,17259],{},[14,32731,32732,32733,961,32738,114],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[45,32734,32735,32737],{"href":17250},[17,32736,17253],{}," for dictionary keys",[45,32739,32740,32742],{"href":17263},[17,32741,17266],{}," for key-value pairs",[53,32744,3867,32746,11894],{"id":32745},"what-values-returns",[17,32747,17259],{},[14,32749,32750,22164,32752,24952],{},[17,32751,17259],{},[17,32753,17225],{},[14,32755,32756,32757,32760],{},"This object is a ",[3934,32758,32759],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32762,222],{},[58,32764,32766],{"className":60,"code":32765,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[17,32767,32768,32804,32808,32823,32834,32838,32860],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,32769,32770,32772,32774,32776,32778,32780,32782,32784,32786,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,32771,13390],{"class":73},[67,32773,78],{"class":77},[67,32775,10678],{"class":81},[67,32777,240],{"class":239},[67,32779,7860],{"class":243},[67,32781,240],{"class":239},[67,32783,1161],{"class":81},[67,32785,251],{"class":239},[67,32787,8110],{"class":243},[67,32789,240],{"class":239},[67,32791,89],{"class":81},[67,32793,251],{"class":239},[67,32795,9486],{"class":243},[67,32797,240],{"class":239},[67,32799,1161],{"class":81},[67,32801,9493],{"class":85},[67,32803,9496],{"class":81},[67,32805,32806],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,32807,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,32809,32810,32813,32815,32817,32819,32821],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,32811,32812],{"class":73},"values_view ",[67,32814,78],{"class":77},[67,32816,13433],{"class":73},[67,32818,114],{"class":81},[67,32820,5549],{"class":117},[67,32822,121],{"class":81},[67,32824,32825,32827,32829,32832],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,32826,135],{"class":134},[67,32828,138],{"class":81},[67,32830,32831],{"class":117},"values_view",[67,32833,144],{"class":81},[67,32835,32836],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,32837,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,32839,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856,32858],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,32841,17495],{"class":73},[67,32843,174],{"class":81},[67,32845,240],{"class":239},[67,32847,10596],{"class":243},[67,32849,240],{"class":239},[67,32851,13459],{"class":81},[67,32853,13462],{"class":77},[67,32855,251],{"class":239},[67,32857,30827],{"class":243},[67,32859,3547],{"class":239},[67,32861,32862,32864,32866,32868],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,32863,135],{"class":134},[67,32865,138],{"class":81},[67,32867,32831],{"class":117},[67,32869,144],{"class":81},[14,32871,159],{},[58,32873,32875],{"className":60,"code":32874,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[17,32876,32877,32895],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,32878,32879,32881,32883,32885,32887,32889,32891,32893],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,32880,17225],{"class":117},[67,32882,370],{"class":81},[67,32884,333],{"class":239},[67,32886,8110],{"class":243},[67,32888,333],{"class":239},[67,32890,89],{"class":81},[67,32892,9493],{"class":85},[67,32894,376],{"class":81},[67,32896,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907,32909,32911,32913,32915,32917,32919],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,32898,17225],{"class":117},[67,32900,370],{"class":81},[67,32902,333],{"class":239},[67,32904,8110],{"class":243},[67,32906,333],{"class":239},[67,32908,89],{"class":81},[67,32910,9493],{"class":85},[67,32912,89],{"class":81},[67,32914,342],{"class":239},[67,32916,30827],{"class":243},[67,32918,333],{"class":239},[67,32920,376],{"class":81},[14,32922,32923,32924,114],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[17,32925,32926],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[58,32928,32930],{"className":60,"code":32929,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[17,32931,32932,32968,32987,32991],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,32933,32934,32936,32938,32940,32942,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964,32966],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,32935,13390],{"class":73},[67,32937,78],{"class":77},[67,32939,10678],{"class":81},[67,32941,240],{"class":239},[67,32943,7860],{"class":243},[67,32945,240],{"class":239},[67,32947,1161],{"class":81},[67,32949,251],{"class":239},[67,32951,8110],{"class":243},[67,32953,240],{"class":239},[67,32955,89],{"class":81},[67,32957,251],{"class":239},[67,32959,9486],{"class":243},[67,32961,240],{"class":239},[67,32963,1161],{"class":81},[67,32965,9493],{"class":85},[67,32967,9496],{"class":81},[67,32969,32970,32973,32975,32977,32979,32981,32983,32985],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,32971,32972],{"class":73},"values_list ",[67,32974,78],{"class":77},[67,32976,22749],{"class":362},[67,32978,138],{"class":81},[67,32980,17495],{"class":117},[67,32982,114],{"class":81},[67,32984,5549],{"class":117},[67,32986,1239],{"class":81},[67,32988,32989],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,32990,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,32992,32993,32995,32997,33000],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,32994,135],{"class":134},[67,32996,138],{"class":81},[67,32998,32999],{"class":117},"values_list",[67,33001,144],{"class":81},[14,33003,159],{},[58,33005,33007],{"className":60,"code":33006,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['Mia', 25]\n",[17,33008,33009],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,33010,33011,33013,33015,33017,33019,33021,33023],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,33012,174],{"class":81},[67,33014,333],{"class":239},[67,33016,8110],{"class":243},[67,33018,333],{"class":239},[67,33020,89],{"class":81},[67,33022,9493],{"class":85},[67,33024,100],{"class":81},[53,33026,11663],{"id":11662},[14,33028,33029],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[58,33031,33033],{"className":60,"code":33032,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,33034,33035,33089,33093,33107,33111,33121],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,33036,33037,33039,33041,33043,33045,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065,33067,33070,33072,33074,33077,33079,33081,33083,33085,33087],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,33038,24984],{"class":73},[67,33040,78],{"class":77},[67,33042,10678],{"class":81},[67,33044,240],{"class":239},[67,33046,24993],{"class":243},[67,33048,240],{"class":239},[67,33050,1161],{"class":81},[67,33052,251],{"class":239},[67,33054,25002],{"class":243},[67,33056,240],{"class":239},[67,33058,89],{"class":81},[67,33060,251],{"class":239},[67,33062,25011],{"class":243},[67,33064,240],{"class":239},[67,33066,1161],{"class":81},[67,33068,33069],{"class":85}," 2022",[67,33071,89],{"class":81},[67,33073,251],{"class":239},[67,33075,33076],{"class":243},"color",[67,33078,240],{"class":239},[67,33080,1161],{"class":81},[67,33082,251],{"class":239},[67,33084,263],{"class":243},[67,33086,240],{"class":239},[67,33088,9496],{"class":81},[67,33090,33091],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,33092,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,33094,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103,33105],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,33096,2416],{"class":73},[67,33098,78],{"class":77},[67,33100,25033],{"class":73},[67,33102,114],{"class":81},[67,33104,5549],{"class":117},[67,33106,121],{"class":81},[67,33108,33109],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,33110,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,33112,33113,33115,33117,33119],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,33114,135],{"class":134},[67,33116,138],{"class":81},[67,33118,2451],{"class":117},[67,33120,144],{"class":81},[67,33122,33123,33125,33127,33129,33131,33133],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,33124,135],{"class":134},[67,33126,138],{"class":81},[67,33128,363],{"class":362},[67,33130,138],{"class":81},[67,33132,2451],{"class":117},[67,33134,1426],{"class":81},[14,33136,159],{},[58,33138,33140],{"className":60,"code":33139,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[17,33141,33142,33168],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,33143,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,33145,17225],{"class":117},[67,33147,370],{"class":81},[67,33149,333],{"class":239},[67,33151,25002],{"class":243},[67,33153,333],{"class":239},[67,33155,89],{"class":81},[67,33157,33069],{"class":85},[67,33159,89],{"class":81},[67,33161,342],{"class":239},[67,33163,263],{"class":243},[67,33165,333],{"class":239},[67,33167,376],{"class":81},[67,33169,33170,33172,33174,33176,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186,33188,33190],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,33171,174],{"class":81},[67,33173,333],{"class":239},[67,33175,25002],{"class":243},[67,33177,333],{"class":239},[67,33179,89],{"class":81},[67,33181,33069],{"class":85},[67,33183,89],{"class":81},[67,33185,342],{"class":239},[67,33187,263],{"class":243},[67,33189,333],{"class":239},[67,33191,100],{"class":81},[14,33193,11872],{},[25,33195,33196,33202,33208,33216],{},[28,33197,33198,33201],{},[17,33199,33200],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[28,33203,33204,33207],{},[17,33205,33206],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[28,33209,33210,33213,33214,1531],{},[17,33211,33212],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[17,33215,17225],{},[28,33217,33218,33221],{},[17,33219,33220],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[53,33223,33225],{"id":33224},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,33227,33228,33229,26253],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[17,33230,6150],{},[58,33232,33234],{"className":60,"code":33233,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[17,33235,33236,33280,33284,33300],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,33237,33238,33240,33242,33244,33246,33248,33250,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268,33270,33272,33274,33276,33278],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,33239,5252],{"class":73},[67,33241,78],{"class":77},[67,33243,10678],{"class":81},[67,33245,240],{"class":239},[67,33247,18604],{"class":243},[67,33249,240],{"class":239},[67,33251,1161],{"class":81},[67,33253,20086],{"class":85},[67,33255,89],{"class":81},[67,33257,251],{"class":239},[67,33259,31337],{"class":243},[67,33261,240],{"class":239},[67,33263,1161],{"class":81},[67,33265,13693],{"class":85},[67,33267,89],{"class":81},[67,33269,251],{"class":239},[67,33271,18613],{"class":243},[67,33273,240],{"class":239},[67,33275,1161],{"class":81},[67,33277,29107],{"class":85},[67,33279,9496],{"class":81},[67,33281,33282],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,33283,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,33285,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294,33296,33298],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,33287,6150],{"class":1167},[67,33289,21773],{"class":73},[67,33291,4074],{"class":1167},[67,33293,5299],{"class":73},[67,33295,114],{"class":81},[67,33297,5549],{"class":117},[67,33299,21784],{"class":81},[67,33301,33302,33304,33306,33308],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,33303,1228],{"class":134},[67,33305,138],{"class":81},[67,33307,2661],{"class":117},[67,33309,144],{"class":81},[14,33311,159],{},[58,33313,33315],{"className":60,"code":33314,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"90\n85\n88\n",[17,33316,33317,33322,33327],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,33318,33319],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,33320,33321],{"class":85},"90\n",[67,33323,33324],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,33325,33326],{"class":85},"85\n",[67,33328,33329],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,33330,33331],{"class":85},"88\n",[14,33333,17897],{},[25,33335,33336,33339,33342],{},[28,33337,33338],{},"You only need the values",[28,33340,33341],{},"You do not care about the keys",[28,33343,33344],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33346,33347,33348,3068,33352,114],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[45,33349,10924,33350,946],{"href":17263},[17,33351,17266],{},[45,33353,22664],{"href":33354},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[53,33356,33358],{"id":33357},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33360,185,33361,33363],{},[17,33362,32926],{}," when you need a list.",[58,33365,33367],{"className":60,"code":33366,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[17,33368,33369,33414,33418,33438,33442,33453],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,33370,33371,33374,33376,33378,33380,33382,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410,33412],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,33372,33373],{"class":73},"fruit_prices ",[67,33375,78],{"class":77},[67,33377,10678],{"class":81},[67,33379,240],{"class":239},[67,33381,689],{"class":243},[67,33383,240],{"class":239},[67,33385,1161],{"class":81},[67,33387,3182],{"class":85},[67,33389,89],{"class":81},[67,33391,251],{"class":239},[67,33393,698],{"class":243},[67,33395,240],{"class":239},[67,33397,1161],{"class":81},[67,33399,5689],{"class":85},[67,33401,89],{"class":81},[67,33403,251],{"class":239},[67,33405,716],{"class":243},[67,33407,240],{"class":239},[67,33409,1161],{"class":81},[67,33411,2639],{"class":85},[67,33413,9496],{"class":81},[67,33415,33416],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,33417,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,33419,33420,33423,33425,33427,33429,33432,33434,33436],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,33421,33422],{"class":73},"price_list ",[67,33424,78],{"class":77},[67,33426,22749],{"class":362},[67,33428,138],{"class":81},[67,33430,33431],{"class":117},"fruit_prices",[67,33433,114],{"class":81},[67,33435,5549],{"class":117},[67,33437,1239],{"class":81},[67,33439,33440],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,33441,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,33443,33444,33446,33448,33451],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,33445,135],{"class":134},[67,33447,138],{"class":81},[67,33449,33450],{"class":117},"price_list",[67,33452,144],{"class":81},[67,33454,33455,33457,33459,33461,33463,33465],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,33456,135],{"class":134},[67,33458,138],{"class":81},[67,33460,33450],{"class":117},[67,33462,174],{"class":81},[67,33464,1031],{"class":85},[67,33466,376],{"class":81},[14,33468,159],{},[58,33470,33472],{"className":60,"code":33471,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[17,33473,33474,33490],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,33475,33476,33478,33480,33482,33484,33486,33488],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,33477,174],{"class":81},[67,33479,2245],{"class":85},[67,33481,89],{"class":81},[67,33483,5689],{"class":85},[67,33485,89],{"class":81},[67,33487,2639],{"class":85},[67,33489,100],{"class":81},[67,33491,33492],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,33493,17244],{"class":85},[14,33495,33496],{},"This is helpful for:",[25,33498,33499,33502,33505],{},[28,33500,33501],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[28,33503,33504],{},"Accessing values by index",[28,33506,33507],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33509,4115,33510,33512],{},[17,33511,17225],{}," is not the same as a list.",[53,33514,33516,10773,33518,10773,33520],{"id":33515},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[17,33517,17259],{},[17,33519,17253],{},[17,33521,17266],{},[14,33523,33524],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[25,33526,33527,33532,33537],{},[28,33528,33529,33531],{},[17,33530,17259],{}," returns only the values",[28,33533,33534,33536],{},[17,33535,17253],{}," returns only the keys",[28,33538,33539,33541],{},[17,33540,17266],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33543,2314],{},[58,33545,33547],{"className":60,"code":33546,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[17,33548,33549,33585,33589,33603,33617],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,33550,33551,33553,33555,33557,33559,33561,33563,33565,33567,33569,33571,33573,33575,33577,33579,33581,33583],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,33552,13053],{"class":73},[67,33554,78],{"class":77},[67,33556,10678],{"class":81},[67,33558,240],{"class":239},[67,33560,7860],{"class":243},[67,33562,240],{"class":239},[67,33564,1161],{"class":81},[67,33566,251],{"class":239},[67,33568,986],{"class":243},[67,33570,240],{"class":239},[67,33572,89],{"class":81},[67,33574,251],{"class":239},[67,33576,9486],{"class":243},[67,33578,240],{"class":239},[67,33580,1161],{"class":81},[67,33582,92],{"class":85},[67,33584,9496],{"class":81},[67,33586,33587],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,33588,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,33590,33591,33593,33595,33597,33599,33601],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,33592,135],{"class":134},[67,33594,138],{"class":81},[67,33596,13812],{"class":117},[67,33598,114],{"class":81},[67,33600,17111],{"class":117},[67,33602,1239],{"class":81},[67,33604,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,33606,135],{"class":134},[67,33608,138],{"class":81},[67,33610,13812],{"class":117},[67,33612,114],{"class":81},[67,33614,5549],{"class":117},[67,33616,1239],{"class":81},[67,33618,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,33620,135],{"class":134},[67,33622,138],{"class":81},[67,33624,13812],{"class":117},[67,33626,114],{"class":81},[67,33628,1141],{"class":117},[67,33630,1239],{"class":81},[14,33632,159],{},[58,33634,33636],{"className":60,"code":33635,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[17,33637,33638,33660,33678],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,33639,33640,33642,33644,33646,33648,33650,33652,33654,33656,33658],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,33641,17202],{"class":117},[67,33643,370],{"class":81},[67,33645,333],{"class":239},[67,33647,7860],{"class":243},[67,33649,333],{"class":239},[67,33651,89],{"class":81},[67,33653,342],{"class":239},[67,33655,9486],{"class":243},[67,33657,333],{"class":239},[67,33659,376],{"class":81},[67,33661,33662,33664,33666,33668,33670,33672,33674,33676],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,33663,17225],{"class":117},[67,33665,370],{"class":81},[67,33667,333],{"class":239},[67,33669,986],{"class":243},[67,33671,333],{"class":239},[67,33673,89],{"class":81},[67,33675,92],{"class":85},[67,33677,376],{"class":81},[67,33679,33680,33682,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692,33694],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,33681,22097],{"class":117},[67,33683,9845],{"class":81},[67,33685,333],{"class":239},[67,33687,7860],{"class":243},[67,33689,333],{"class":239},[67,33691,89],{"class":81},[67,33693,92],{"class":85},[67,33695,10866],{"class":81},[14,33697,18882],{},[25,33699,33700,33707,33714],{},[28,33701,33702,33706],{},[45,33703,33704],{"href":17250},[17,33705,17253],{}," when you need just the keys",[28,33708,33709,33713],{},[45,33710,33711],{"href":17256},[17,33712,17259],{}," when you need just the values",[28,33715,33716,33720],{},[45,33717,33718],{"href":17263},[17,33719,17266],{}," when you need both",[53,33722,4707],{"id":4706},[14,33724,33725,33726,114],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[17,33727,17259],{},[1109,33729,29837,33731,33733],{"id":33730},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[17,33732,17259],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33735,33736,33738],{},[17,33737,17259],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33740,16831],{},[58,33742,33744],{"className":60,"code":33743,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[17,33745,33746,33766],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,33747,33748,33750,33752,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762,33764],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,33749,8496],{"class":73},[67,33751,78],{"class":77},[67,33753,82],{"class":81},[67,33755,464],{"class":85},[67,33757,89],{"class":81},[67,33759,3182],{"class":85},[67,33761,89],{"class":81},[67,33763,2639],{"class":85},[67,33765,100],{"class":81},[67,33767,33768,33770,33772,33774,33776,33778],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,33769,135],{"class":134},[67,33771,138],{"class":81},[67,33773,1953],{"class":117},[67,33775,114],{"class":81},[67,33777,5549],{"class":117},[67,33779,1239],{"class":81},[14,33781,33782,33783,33785],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[17,33784,17259],{}," method.",[14,33787,33788],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[58,33790,33792],{"className":60,"code":33791,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(my_list))\n",[17,33793,33794],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,33795,33796,33798,33800,33802,33804,33806],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,33797,135],{"class":134},[67,33799,138],{"class":81},[67,33801,2011],{"class":362},[67,33803,138],{"class":81},[67,33805,1953],{"class":117},[67,33807,1426],{"class":81},[14,33809,33810,33811,33813,33814,114],{},"If you get an ",[17,33812,25860],{},", see ",[45,33815,25868,33816,33818],{"href":25867},[17,33817,25871],{}," errors",[1109,33820,4768,33822,33824],{"id":33821},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[17,33823,17259],{}," returns a list",[14,33826,33827],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[58,33829,33831],{"className":60,"code":33830,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[17,33832,33833,33869,33883,33887],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,33834,33835,33837,33839,33841,33843,33845,33847,33849,33851,33853,33855,33857,33859,33861,33863,33865,33867],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,33836,13053],{"class":73},[67,33838,78],{"class":77},[67,33840,10678],{"class":81},[67,33842,240],{"class":239},[67,33844,7860],{"class":243},[67,33846,240],{"class":239},[67,33848,1161],{"class":81},[67,33850,251],{"class":239},[67,33852,986],{"class":243},[67,33854,240],{"class":239},[67,33856,89],{"class":81},[67,33858,251],{"class":239},[67,33860,9486],{"class":243},[67,33862,240],{"class":239},[67,33864,1161],{"class":81},[67,33866,92],{"class":85},[67,33868,9496],{"class":81},[67,33870,33871,33873,33875,33877,33879,33881],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,33872,4014],{"class":73},[67,33874,78],{"class":77},[67,33876,13095],{"class":73},[67,33878,114],{"class":81},[67,33880,5549],{"class":117},[67,33882,121],{"class":81},[67,33884,33885],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,33886,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,33888,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,33890,135],{"class":134},[67,33892,138],{"class":81},[67,33894,2011],{"class":362},[67,33896,138],{"class":81},[67,33898,5549],{"class":117},[67,33900,1426],{"class":81},[14,33902,159],{},[58,33904,33906],{"className":60,"code":33905,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[17,33907,33908],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,33909,33910,33912,33914,33916,33918,33920],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,33911,1397],{"class":77},[67,33913,3482],{"class":2254},[67,33915,342],{"class":239},[67,33917,17225],{"class":243},[67,33919,333],{"class":239},[67,33921,3491],{"class":77},[14,33923,5337,33924,33926],{},[17,33925,17225],{},", not a list.",[14,33928,33929],{},"If you need a list:",[58,33931,33933],{"className":60,"code":33932,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = list(student.values())\n",[17,33934,33935],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,33936,33937,33939,33941,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,33938,4014],{"class":73},[67,33940,78],{"class":77},[67,33942,22749],{"class":362},[67,33944,138],{"class":81},[67,33946,13812],{"class":117},[67,33948,114],{"class":81},[67,33950,5549],{"class":117},[67,33952,1239],{"class":81},[1109,33954,33956,33957],{"id":33955},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[17,33958,17225],{},[14,33960,33961],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[58,33963,33965],{"className":60,"code":33964,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[17,33966,33967,34003,34017,34021],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,33968,33969,33971,33973,33975,33977,33979,33981,33983,33985,33987,33989,33991,33993,33995,33997,33999,34001],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,33970,13053],{"class":73},[67,33972,78],{"class":77},[67,33974,10678],{"class":81},[67,33976,240],{"class":239},[67,33978,7860],{"class":243},[67,33980,240],{"class":239},[67,33982,1161],{"class":81},[67,33984,251],{"class":239},[67,33986,986],{"class":243},[67,33988,240],{"class":239},[67,33990,89],{"class":81},[67,33992,251],{"class":239},[67,33994,9486],{"class":243},[67,33996,240],{"class":239},[67,33998,1161],{"class":81},[67,34000,92],{"class":85},[67,34002,9496],{"class":81},[67,34004,34005,34007,34009,34011,34013,34015],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,34006,4014],{"class":73},[67,34008,78],{"class":77},[67,34010,13095],{"class":73},[67,34012,114],{"class":81},[67,34014,5549],{"class":117},[67,34016,121],{"class":81},[67,34018,34019],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,34020,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,34022,34023],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,34024,34025],{"class":3852},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,34027,34028],{},"Convert to a list first:",[58,34030,34032],{"className":60,"code":34031,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[17,34033,34034,34070,34088,34092],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,34035,34036,34038,34040,34042,34044,34046,34048,34050,34052,34054,34056,34058,34060,34062,34064,34066,34068],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,34037,13053],{"class":73},[67,34039,78],{"class":77},[67,34041,10678],{"class":81},[67,34043,240],{"class":239},[67,34045,7860],{"class":243},[67,34047,240],{"class":239},[67,34049,1161],{"class":81},[67,34051,251],{"class":239},[67,34053,986],{"class":243},[67,34055,240],{"class":239},[67,34057,89],{"class":81},[67,34059,251],{"class":239},[67,34061,9486],{"class":243},[67,34063,240],{"class":239},[67,34065,1161],{"class":81},[67,34067,92],{"class":85},[67,34069,9496],{"class":81},[67,34071,34072,34074,34076,34078,34080,34082,34084,34086],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,34073,4014],{"class":73},[67,34075,78],{"class":77},[67,34077,22749],{"class":362},[67,34079,138],{"class":81},[67,34081,13812],{"class":117},[67,34083,114],{"class":81},[67,34085,5549],{"class":117},[67,34087,1239],{"class":81},[67,34089,34090],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,34091,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,34093,34094,34096,34098,34100,34102,34104],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,34095,135],{"class":134},[67,34097,138],{"class":81},[67,34099,5549],{"class":117},[67,34101,174],{"class":81},[67,34103,1031],{"class":85},[67,34105,376],{"class":81},[1109,34107,8604,34109,11279,34111],{"id":34108},"using-values-instead-of-values",[17,34110,5549],{},[17,34112,17259],{},[14,34114,34115],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[58,34117,34119],{"className":60,"code":34118,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[17,34120,34121,34157,34161],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,34122,34123,34125,34127,34129,34131,34133,34135,34137,34139,34141,34143,34145,34147,34149,34151,34153,34155],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,34124,13053],{"class":73},[67,34126,78],{"class":77},[67,34128,10678],{"class":81},[67,34130,240],{"class":239},[67,34132,7860],{"class":243},[67,34134,240],{"class":239},[67,34136,1161],{"class":81},[67,34138,251],{"class":239},[67,34140,986],{"class":243},[67,34142,240],{"class":239},[67,34144,89],{"class":81},[67,34146,251],{"class":239},[67,34148,9486],{"class":243},[67,34150,240],{"class":239},[67,34152,1161],{"class":81},[67,34154,92],{"class":85},[67,34156,9496],{"class":81},[67,34158,34159],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,34160,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,34162,34163,34165,34167,34169,34171,34173],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,34164,135],{"class":134},[67,34166,138],{"class":81},[67,34168,13812],{"class":117},[67,34170,114],{"class":81},[67,34172,5549],{"class":24938},[67,34174,144],{"class":81},[14,34176,34177,34180],{},[17,34178,34179],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,34182,18882],{},[58,34184,34186],{"className":60,"code":34185,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(student.values())\n",[17,34187,34188],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,34189,34190,34192,34194,34196,34198,34200],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,34191,135],{"class":134},[67,34193,138],{"class":81},[67,34195,13812],{"class":117},[67,34197,114],{"class":81},[67,34199,5549],{"class":117},[67,34201,1239],{"class":81},[1109,34203,34205],{"id":34204},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,34207,34208],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[58,34210,34212],{"className":60,"code":34211,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[17,34213,34214,34246],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,34215,34216,34218,34220,34222,34224,34226,34228,34230,34232,34234,34236,34238,34240,34242,34244],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,34217,9352],{"class":73},[67,34219,78],{"class":77},[67,34221,10678],{"class":81},[67,34223,240],{"class":239},[67,34225,45],{"class":243},[67,34227,240],{"class":239},[67,34229,1161],{"class":81},[67,34231,5689],{"class":85},[67,34233,89],{"class":81},[67,34235,251],{"class":239},[67,34237,428],{"class":243},[67,34239,240],{"class":239},[67,34241,1161],{"class":81},[67,34243,3182],{"class":85},[67,34245,9496],{"class":81},[67,34247,34248,34250,34252,34254,34256,34258],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,34249,135],{"class":134},[67,34251,138],{"class":81},[67,34253,9391],{"class":117},[67,34255,114],{"class":81},[67,34257,5549],{"class":117},[67,34259,1239],{"class":81},[14,34261,34262],{},"Not like this:",[58,34264,34266],{"className":60,"code":34265,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[17,34267,34268,34273,34278],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,34269,34270],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,34271,34272],{"class":3852},"# Wrong examples:\n",[67,34274,34275],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,34276,34277],{"class":3852},"# data().values()\n",[67,34279,34280],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,34281,34282],{"class":3852},"# values(data)\n",[14,34284,3528],{},[58,34286,34288],{"className":60,"code":34287,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[17,34289,34290,34304,34314,34328],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,34291,34292,34294,34296,34298,34300,34302],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,34293,135],{"class":134},[67,34295,138],{"class":81},[67,34297,2011],{"class":362},[67,34299,138],{"class":81},[67,34301,11637],{"class":117},[67,34303,1426],{"class":81},[67,34305,34306,34308,34310,34312],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,34307,135],{"class":134},[67,34309,138],{"class":81},[67,34311,11637],{"class":117},[67,34313,144],{"class":81},[67,34315,34316,34318,34320,34322,34324,34326],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,34317,135],{"class":134},[67,34319,138],{"class":81},[67,34321,11637],{"class":117},[67,34323,114],{"class":81},[67,34325,5549],{"class":117},[67,34327,1239],{"class":81},[67,34329,34330,34332,34334,34336,34338,34340,34342,34344],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,34331,135],{"class":134},[67,34333,138],{"class":81},[67,34335,363],{"class":362},[67,34337,138],{"class":81},[67,34339,11637],{"class":117},[67,34341,114],{"class":81},[67,34343,5549],{"class":117},[67,34345,6482],{"class":81},[53,34347,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,34349,5331,34351,5334],{"id":34350},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[17,34352,32505],{},[14,34354,17610,34355,34357],{},[17,34356,17225],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1109,34359,12894,34361,24120],{"id":34360},"does-values-return-a-list",[17,34362,17259],{},[14,34364,24123,34365,24127],{},[17,34366,34367],{},"list(...)",[1109,34369,26245,34371,2681],{"id":34370},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[17,34372,32505],{},[14,34374,34375,34376,26253],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[17,34377,6150],{},[1109,34379,12894,34381,34383],{"id":34380},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[17,34382,32505],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34385,34386],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1109,34388,34390,34391,34393,34394,2681],{"id":34389},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[17,34392,17259],{}," different from ",[17,34395,17266],{},[14,34397,34398,34400,34401,34403],{},[17,34399,17259],{}," returns only values. ",[17,34402,17266],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[53,34405,2094],{"id":2093},[25,34407,34408,34414,34420,34424,34430,34434],{},[28,34409,34410],{},[45,34411,10924,34412,946],{"href":17250},[17,34413,17253],{},[28,34415,34416],{},[45,34417,10924,34418,946],{"href":17263},[17,34419,17266],{},[28,34421,34422],{},[45,34423,11429],{"href":9578},[28,34425,34426],{},[45,34427,34429],{"href":34428},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[28,34431,34432],{},[45,34433,24205],{"href":33354},[28,34435,34436],{},[45,34437,30531,34438],{"href":25867},[17,34439,34440],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2122,34442,34443],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":34445},[34446,34447,34449,34450,34452,34453,34454,34455,34457,34468,34480],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":32675,"depth":103,"text":34448},"What values() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":32745,"depth":103,"text":34451},"What values() returns",{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":33224,"depth":103,"text":33225},{"id":33357,"depth":103,"text":33358},{"id":33515,"depth":103,"text":34456},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":34458},[34459,34461,34463,34465,34467],{"id":33730,"depth":124,"text":34460},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33821,"depth":124,"text":34462},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33955,"depth":124,"text":34464},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34108,"depth":124,"text":34466},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34204,"depth":124,"text":34205},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":34469},[34470,34472,34474,34476,34478],{"id":34350,"depth":124,"text":34471},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34360,"depth":124,"text":34473},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34370,"depth":124,"text":34475},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34380,"depth":124,"text":34477},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34389,"depth":124,"text":34479},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32492,"description":34481},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34487,"title":34488,"body":34489,"description":35919,"extension":2153,"meta":35920,"navigation":127,"path":35921,"seo":35922,"stem":35923,"__hash__":35924},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34490,"toc":35871},[34491,34497,34502,34505,34521,34530,34532,34564,34570,34573,34668,34671,34676,34681,34684,34695,34697,34711,34717,34719,34724,34730,34733,34772,34780,34785,34788,34833,34836,34848,34854,34860,34864,34897,34900,34918,34921,34925,34964,34966,34985,34988,35000,35005,35011,35014,35069,35072,35083,35086,35097,35100,35104,35110,35112,35142,35145,35160,35163,35166,35185,35188,35204,35213,35215,35246,35252,35257,35260,35267,35298,35301,35323,35326,35329,35343,35347,35378,35393,35400,35407,35411,35419,35423,35431,35434,35483,35494,35496,35499,35505,35510,35520,35524,35527,35530,35534,35537,35539,35560,35564,35570,35581,35587,35589,35595,35619,35622,35685,35688,35716,35719,35781,35783,35788,35791,35798,35806,35813,35816,35824,35830,35832,35859,35868],[10,34492,3764,34494,3768],{"id":34493},"python-dir-function-explained",[17,34495,34496],{},"dir()",[14,34498,32502,34499,34501],{},[17,34500,34496],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34503,34504],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[25,34506,34507,34510,34513,34518],{},[28,34508,34509],{},"learning Python",[28,34511,34512],{},"exploring a new object",[28,34514,34515,34516],{},"debugging an ",[17,34517,25860],{},[28,34519,34520],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34522,34523,34524,34526,34527],{},"In short, ",[17,34525,34496],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[3934,34528,34529],{},"“What can I use here?”",[53,34531,56],{"id":55},[58,34533,34535],{"className":60,"code":34534,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[17,34536,34537,34549],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,34538,34539,34541,34543,34545,34547],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,34540,8065],{"class":73},[67,34542,78],{"class":77},[67,34544,251],{"class":239},[67,34546,4036],{"class":243},[67,34548,3547],{"class":239},[67,34550,34551,34553,34555,34558,34560,34562],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,34552,135],{"class":134},[67,34554,138],{"class":81},[67,34556,34557],{"class":134},"dir",[67,34559,138],{"class":81},[67,34561,7860],{"class":117},[67,34563,1426],{"class":81},[14,34565,185,34566,34569],{},[17,34567,34568],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34571,34572],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[58,34574,34576],{"className":60,"code":34575,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[17,34577,34578],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,34579,34580,34582,34584,34587,34589,34591,34593,34596,34598,34600,34602,34605,34607,34609,34611,34614,34616,34618,34620,34623,34625,34627,34629,34632,34634,34636,34640,34642,34644,34646,34648,34650,34652,34655,34657,34659,34661,34664,34666],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,34581,174],{"class":81},[67,34583,333],{"class":239},[67,34585,34586],{"class":243},"__add__",[67,34588,333],{"class":239},[67,34590,89],{"class":81},[67,34592,342],{"class":239},[67,34594,34595],{"class":243},"__class__",[67,34597,333],{"class":239},[67,34599,89],{"class":81},[67,34601,342],{"class":239},[67,34603,34604],{"class":243},"__contains__",[67,34606,333],{"class":239},[67,34608,89],{"class":81},[67,34610,342],{"class":239},[67,34612,34613],{"class":243},"__delattr__",[67,34615,333],{"class":239},[67,34617,89],{"class":81},[67,34619,342],{"class":239},[67,34621,34622],{"class":243},"__dir__",[67,34624,333],{"class":239},[67,34626,89],{"class":81},[67,34628,342],{"class":239},[67,34630,34631],{"class":243},"__doc__",[67,34633,333],{"class":239},[67,34635,89],{"class":81},[67,34637,34639],{"class":34638},"s_hVV"," ...",[67,34641,89],{"class":81},[67,34643,342],{"class":239},[67,34645,8827],{"class":243},[67,34647,333],{"class":239},[67,34649,89],{"class":81},[67,34651,342],{"class":239},[67,34653,34654],{"class":243},"split",[67,34656,333],{"class":239},[67,34658,89],{"class":81},[67,34660,342],{"class":239},[67,34662,34663],{"class":243},"upper",[67,34665,333],{"class":239},[67,34667,100],{"class":81},[14,34669,34670],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[53,34672,3867,34674,3870],{"id":34673},"what-dir-does",[17,34675,34496],{},[14,34677,34678,34680],{},[17,34679,34496],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34682,34683],{},"It usually includes:",[25,34685,34686,34689,34692],{},[28,34687,34688],{},"attributes",[28,34690,34691],{},"methods",[28,34693,34694],{},"special Python names",[14,34696,11646],{},[25,34698,34699,34705,34708],{},[28,34700,34701,34702],{},"The result is a ",[3934,34703,34704],{},"list of strings",[28,34706,34707],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[28,34709,34710],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34712,34713,34714,34716],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[17,34715,34496],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[53,34718,352],{"id":351},[14,34720,34721,34723],{},[17,34722,34496],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1109,34725,34727,34729],{"id":34726},"dir-with-no-argument",[17,34728,34496],{}," with no argument",[14,34731,34732],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[58,34734,34736],{"className":60,"code":34735,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[17,34737,34738,34746,34758,34762],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,34739,34740,34742,34744],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,34741,3214],{"class":73},[67,34743,78],{"class":77},[67,34745,2777],{"class":85},[67,34747,34748,34750,34752,34754,34756],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,34749,8065],{"class":73},[67,34751,78],{"class":77},[67,34753,251],{"class":239},[67,34755,7869],{"class":243},[67,34757,3547],{"class":239},[67,34759,34760],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,34761,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,34763,34764,34766,34768,34770],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,34765,135],{"class":134},[67,34767,138],{"class":81},[67,34769,34557],{"class":134},[67,34771,1239],{"class":81},[14,34773,34774,34775,961,34777,34779],{},"This will show names such as ",[17,34776,2361],{},[17,34778,7860],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1109,34781,34783],{"id":34782},"dirobject",[17,34784,34568],{},[14,34786,34787],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[58,34789,34791],{"className":60,"code":34790,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[17,34792,34793,34811],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,34794,34795,34797,34799,34801,34803,34805,34807,34809],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,34796,135],{"class":134},[67,34798,138],{"class":81},[67,34800,34557],{"class":134},[67,34802,138],{"class":81},[67,34804,240],{"class":239},[67,34806,4036],{"class":243},[67,34808,240],{"class":239},[67,34810,1426],{"class":81},[67,34812,34813,34815,34817,34819,34821,34823,34825,34827,34829,34831],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,34814,135],{"class":134},[67,34816,138],{"class":81},[67,34818,34557],{"class":134},[67,34820,370],{"class":81},[67,34822,464],{"class":85},[67,34824,89],{"class":81},[67,34826,3182],{"class":85},[67,34828,89],{"class":81},[67,34830,2639],{"class":85},[67,34832,3189],{"class":81},[14,34834,34835],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[25,34837,34838,34840,34842,34845],{},[28,34839,5499],{},[28,34841,5490],{},[28,34843,34844],{},"modules",[28,34846,34847],{},"custom objects",[53,34849,8604,34851,34853],{"id":34850},"using-dir-with-a-value",[17,34852,34496],{}," with a value",[14,34855,34856,34857,34859],{},"A common use of ",[17,34858,34496],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1109,34861,34863],{"id":34862},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[58,34865,34867],{"className":60,"code":34866,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[17,34868,34869,34882],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,34870,34871,34874,34876,34878,34880],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,34872,34873],{"class":73},"text ",[67,34875,78],{"class":77},[67,34877,251],{"class":239},[67,34879,4036],{"class":243},[67,34881,3547],{"class":239},[67,34883,34884,34886,34888,34890,34892,34895],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,34885,135],{"class":134},[67,34887,138],{"class":81},[67,34889,34557],{"class":134},[67,34891,138],{"class":81},[67,34893,34894],{"class":117},"text",[67,34896,1426],{"class":81},[14,34898,34899],{},"You will see method names like:",[25,34901,34902,34906,34910,34914],{},[28,34903,34904],{},[17,34905,8827],{},[28,34907,34908],{},[17,34909,34663],{},[28,34911,34912],{},[17,34913,34654],{},[28,34915,34916],{},[17,34917,8821],{},[14,34919,34920],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1109,34922,34924],{"id":34923},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[58,34926,34928],{"className":60,"code":34927,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[17,34929,34930,34950],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,34931,34932,34934,34936,34938,34940,34942,34944,34946,34948],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,34933,74],{"class":73},[67,34935,78],{"class":77},[67,34937,82],{"class":81},[67,34939,464],{"class":85},[67,34941,89],{"class":81},[67,34943,3182],{"class":85},[67,34945,89],{"class":81},[67,34947,2639],{"class":85},[67,34949,100],{"class":81},[67,34951,34952,34954,34956,34958,34960,34962],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,34953,135],{"class":134},[67,34955,138],{"class":81},[67,34957,34557],{"class":134},[67,34959,138],{"class":81},[67,34961,154],{"class":117},[67,34963,1426],{"class":81},[14,34965,34899],{},[25,34967,34968,34972,34976,34980],{},[28,34969,34970],{},[17,34971,13739],{},[28,34973,34974],{},[17,34975,118],{},[28,34977,34978],{},[17,34979,1838],{},[28,34981,34982],{},[17,34983,34984],{},"sort",[14,34986,34987],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34989,34990,34991,34996,34997,34999],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[45,34992,34994],{"href":34993},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[17,34995,2489],{}," can help first. Then ",[17,34998,34496],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[53,35001,8604,35003,34729],{"id":35002},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[17,35004,34496],{},[14,35006,35007,35008,35010],{},"When used with no argument, ",[17,35009,34496],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,35012,35013],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[58,35015,35017],{"className":60,"code":35016,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[17,35018,35019,35028,35032,35043,35055,35059],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,35020,35021,35023,35025],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,35022,3214],{"class":73},[67,35024,78],{"class":77},[67,35026,35027],{"class":85}," 5\n",[67,35029,35030],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,35031,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,35033,35034,35037,35041],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,35035,35036],{"class":2254},"def",[67,35038,35040],{"class":35039},"sGLFI"," greet",[67,35042,21784],{"class":81},[67,35044,35045,35048,35050,35053],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,35046,35047],{"class":1167},"    return",[67,35049,251],{"class":239},[67,35051,35052],{"class":243},"Hello",[67,35054,3547],{"class":239},[67,35056,35057],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,35058,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,35060,35061,35063,35065,35067],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,35062,135],{"class":134},[67,35064,138],{"class":81},[67,35066,34557],{"class":134},[67,35068,1239],{"class":81},[14,35070,35071],{},"The output will include names like:",[25,35073,35074,35078],{},[28,35075,35076],{},[17,35077,2361],{},[28,35079,35080],{},[17,35081,35082],{},"greet",[14,35084,35085],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[25,35087,35088,35091,35094],{},[28,35089,35090],{},"what variables exist",[28,35092,35093],{},"what functions you have defined",[28,35095,35096],{},"what names are currently available",[14,35098,35099],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[53,35101,35103],{"id":35102},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,35105,35106,35107,35109],{},"When you first use ",[17,35108,34496],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,35111,222],{},[58,35113,35114],{"className":60,"code":34866,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,35115,35116,35128],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,35117,35118,35120,35122,35124,35126],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,35119,34873],{"class":73},[67,35121,78],{"class":77},[67,35123,251],{"class":239},[67,35125,4036],{"class":243},[67,35127,3547],{"class":239},[67,35129,35130,35132,35134,35136,35138,35140],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,35131,135],{"class":134},[67,35133,138],{"class":81},[67,35135,34557],{"class":134},[67,35137,138],{"class":81},[67,35139,34894],{"class":117},[67,35141,1426],{"class":81},[14,35143,35144],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[25,35146,35147,35151,35155],{},[28,35148,35149],{},[17,35150,34595],{},[28,35152,35153],{},[17,35154,34631],{},[28,35156,35157],{},[17,35158,35159],{},"__len__",[14,35161,35162],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,35164,35165],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[25,35167,35168,35172,35176,35180],{},[28,35169,35170],{},[17,35171,34663],{},[28,35173,35174],{},[17,35175,8827],{},[28,35177,35178],{},[17,35179,34654],{},[28,35181,35182],{},[17,35183,35184],{},"replace",[14,35186,35187],{},"A key point to remember:",[25,35189,35190,35198],{},[28,35191,35192,35194,35195],{},[17,35193,34496],{}," lists ",[3934,35196,35197],{},"names only",[28,35199,35200,35201,35203],{},"it does ",[3934,35202,4820],{}," explain what each name does",[14,35205,35206,35207,114],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[45,35208,35210],{"href":35209},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[17,35211,35212],{},"help()",[14,35214,5663],{},[58,35216,35218],{"className":60,"code":35217,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[17,35219,35220,35232],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,35221,35222,35224,35226,35228,35230],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,35223,8065],{"class":73},[67,35225,78],{"class":77},[67,35227,251],{"class":239},[67,35229,4036],{"class":243},[67,35231,3547],{"class":239},[67,35233,35234,35236,35238,35240,35242,35244],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,35235,32337],{"class":134},[67,35237,138],{"class":81},[67,35239,7860],{"class":117},[67,35241,114],{"class":81},[67,35243,34663],{"class":24938},[67,35245,144],{"class":81},[53,35247,35249,35251],{"id":35248},"dir-on-modules",[17,35250,34496],{}," on modules",[14,35253,15902,35254,35256],{},[17,35255,34496],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,35258,35259],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1109,35261,35263,35264,35266],{"id":35262},"example-math-module","Example: ",[17,35265,18604],{}," module",[58,35268,35270],{"className":60,"code":35269,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[17,35271,35272,35280,35284],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,35273,35274,35277],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,35275,35276],{"class":1167},"import",[67,35278,35279],{"class":73}," math\n",[67,35281,35282],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,35283,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,35285,35286,35288,35290,35292,35294,35296],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,35287,135],{"class":134},[67,35289,138],{"class":81},[67,35291,34557],{"class":134},[67,35293,138],{"class":81},[67,35295,18604],{"class":117},[67,35297,1426],{"class":81},[14,35299,35300],{},"You may see names like:",[25,35302,35303,35308,35313,35318],{},[28,35304,35305],{},[17,35306,35307],{},"sqrt",[28,35309,35310],{},[17,35311,35312],{},"ceil",[28,35314,35315],{},[17,35316,35317],{},"floor",[28,35319,35320],{},[17,35321,35322],{},"pi",[14,35324,35325],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35327,35328],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[25,35330,35331,35337],{},[28,35332,35333],{},[45,35334,35336],{"href":35335},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[28,35338,35339],{},[45,35340,35342],{"href":35341},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1109,35344,35346],{"id":35345},"another-example","Another example",[58,35348,35350],{"className":60,"code":35349,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[17,35351,35352,35359,35363],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,35353,35354,35356],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,35355,35276],{"class":1167},[67,35357,35358],{"class":73}," json\n",[67,35360,35361],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,35362,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,35364,35365,35367,35369,35371,35373,35376],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,35366,135],{"class":134},[67,35368,138],{"class":81},[67,35370,34557],{"class":134},[67,35372,138],{"class":81},[67,35374,35375],{"class":117},"json",[67,35377,1426],{"class":81},[14,35379,35380,35381,1550,35384,1550,35387,17260,35390,114],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[17,35382,35383],{},"dump",[17,35385,35386],{},"dumps",[17,35388,35389],{},"load",[17,35391,35392],{},"loads",[53,35394,35396,10773,35398],{"id":35395},"dir-vs-help",[17,35397,34496],{},[17,35399,35212],{},[14,35401,35402,961,35404,35406],{},[17,35403,34496],{},[17,35405,35212],{}," are often used together.",[1109,35408,35409],{"id":34557},[17,35410,34496],{},[25,35412,35413,35416],{},[28,35414,35415],{},"shows available names",[28,35417,35418],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1109,35420,35421],{"id":32337},[17,35422,35212],{},[25,35424,35425,35428],{},[28,35426,35427],{},"explains what an object or function does",[28,35429,35430],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35432,35433],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[58,35435,35437],{"className":60,"code":35436,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[17,35438,35439,35451,35455,35469],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,35440,35441,35443,35445,35447,35449],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,35442,8065],{"class":73},[67,35444,78],{"class":77},[67,35446,251],{"class":239},[67,35448,4036],{"class":243},[67,35450,3547],{"class":239},[67,35452,35453],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,35454,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,35456,35457,35459,35461,35463,35465,35467],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,35458,135],{"class":134},[67,35460,138],{"class":81},[67,35462,34557],{"class":134},[67,35464,138],{"class":81},[67,35466,7860],{"class":117},[67,35468,1426],{"class":81},[67,35470,35471,35473,35475,35477,35479,35481],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,35472,32337],{"class":134},[67,35474,138],{"class":81},[67,35476,7860],{"class":117},[67,35478,114],{"class":81},[67,35480,34663],{"class":24938},[67,35482,144],{"class":81},[14,35484,185,35485,35487,35488,35490,35491,35493],{},[17,35486,34496],{}," first to find a method name.",[10033,35489],{},"\nThen use ",[17,35492,35212],{}," to understand how to use it.",[53,35495,25546],{"id":25545},[14,35497,35498],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1109,35500,35502,35504],{"id":35501},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[17,35503,34496],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35506,35507,35509],{},[17,35508,34496],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35511,35512,35513,35515,35516,35519],{},"For example, seeing ",[17,35514,34663],{}," in ",[17,35517,35518],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1109,35521,35523],{"id":35522},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35525,35526],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35528,35529],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1109,35531,35533],{"id":35532},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35535,35536],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35538,5663],{},[25,35540,35541,35546,35552],{},[28,35542,35543,35545],{},[17,35544,35518],{}," shows string-related names",[28,35547,35548,35551],{},[17,35549,35550],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[28,35553,35554,35557,35558,35266],{},[17,35555,35556],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[17,35559,18604],{},[1109,35561,35563],{"id":35562},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35565,35566,35567,35569],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[17,35568,34496],{}," does not mean you already know:",[25,35571,35572,35575,35578],{},[28,35573,35574],{},"what it does",[28,35576,35577],{},"what arguments it needs",[28,35579,35580],{},"what it returns",[14,35582,35583,35584,35586],{},"That is why ",[17,35585,35212],{}," is the natural next step.",[53,35588,1907],{"id":1906},[14,35590,35591,35592,35594],{},"Beginners often use ",[17,35593,34496],{}," in these situations:",[25,35596,35597,35600,35609,35612],{},[28,35598,35599],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[28,35601,35602,35603,35608],{},"Seeing an ",[45,35604,35606],{"href":35605},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[17,35607,25860],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[28,35610,35611],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[28,35613,8604,35614,35616,35617],{},[17,35615,34496],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[17,35618,35212],{},[14,35620,35621],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[58,35623,35625],{"className":60,"code":35624,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[17,35626,35627,35639,35643,35657,35671],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,35628,35629,35631,35633,35635,35637],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,35630,8065],{"class":73},[67,35632,78],{"class":77},[67,35634,251],{"class":239},[67,35636,4036],{"class":243},[67,35638,3547],{"class":239},[67,35640,35641],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,35642,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,35644,35645,35647,35649,35651,35653,35655],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,35646,135],{"class":134},[67,35648,138],{"class":81},[67,35650,2011],{"class":362},[67,35652,138],{"class":81},[67,35654,7860],{"class":117},[67,35656,1426],{"class":81},[67,35658,35659,35661,35663,35665,35667,35669],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,35660,135],{"class":134},[67,35662,138],{"class":81},[67,35664,34557],{"class":134},[67,35666,138],{"class":81},[67,35668,7860],{"class":117},[67,35670,1426],{"class":81},[67,35672,35673,35675,35677,35679,35681,35683],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,35674,32337],{"class":134},[67,35676,138],{"class":81},[67,35678,7860],{"class":117},[67,35680,114],{"class":81},[67,35682,34663],{"class":24938},[67,35684,144],{"class":81},[14,35686,35687],{},"And for modules:",[58,35689,35690],{"className":60,"code":35269,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,35691,35692,35698,35702],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,35693,35694,35696],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,35695,35276],{"class":1167},[67,35697,35279],{"class":73},[67,35699,35700],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,35701,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,35703,35704,35706,35708,35710,35712,35714],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,35705,135],{"class":134},[67,35707,138],{"class":81},[67,35709,34557],{"class":134},[67,35711,138],{"class":81},[67,35713,18604],{"class":117},[67,35715,1426],{"class":81},[14,35717,35718],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[58,35720,35722],{"className":60,"code":35721,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[17,35723,35724,35729,35741,35751,35765,35771],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,35725,35726],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,35727,35728],{"class":73},"python\n",[67,35730,35731,35733,35735,35737,35739],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,35732,8065],{"class":73},[67,35734,78],{"class":77},[67,35736,251],{"class":239},[67,35738,4036],{"class":243},[67,35740,3547],{"class":239},[67,35742,35743,35745,35747,35749],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,35744,34557],{"class":134},[67,35746,138],{"class":81},[67,35748,7860],{"class":117},[67,35750,144],{"class":81},[67,35752,35753,35755,35757,35759,35761,35763],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,35754,32337],{"class":134},[67,35756,138],{"class":81},[67,35758,7860],{"class":117},[67,35760,114],{"class":81},[67,35762,34663],{"class":24938},[67,35764,144],{"class":81},[67,35766,35767,35769],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,35768,35276],{"class":1167},[67,35770,35279],{"class":73},[67,35772,35773,35775,35777,35779],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,35774,34557],{"class":134},[67,35776,138],{"class":81},[67,35778,18604],{"class":117},[67,35780,144],{"class":81},[53,35782,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,35784,5331,35786,5334],{"id":35785},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[17,35787,34496],{},[14,35789,35790],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1109,35792,5369,35794,961,35796,2681],{"id":35793},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[17,35795,34496],{},[17,35797,35212],{},[14,35799,35800,35802,35803,35805],{},[17,35801,34496],{}," lists available names. ",[17,35804,35212],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1109,35807,35809,35810,35812],{"id":35808},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[17,35811,34496],{}," output?",[14,35814,35815],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1109,35817,5359,35819,35821,35822,2681],{"id":35818},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[17,35820,34496],{}," help fix ",[17,35823,25860],{},[14,35825,35826,35827,114],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[45,35828,35829],{"href":35605},"object has no attribute",[53,35831,2094],{"id":2093},[25,35833,35834,35840,35845,35849,35853],{},[28,35835,35836],{},[45,35837,3764,35838,3697],{"href":35209},[17,35839,35212],{},[28,35841,35842],{},[45,35843,35844],{"href":35605},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[28,35846,35847],{},[45,35848,35336],{"href":35335},[28,35850,35851],{},[45,35852,35342],{"href":35341},[28,35854,35855],{},[45,35856,3764,35857,3697],{"href":34993},[17,35858,2489],{},[14,35860,35861,35862,35864,35865,35867],{},"A good habit is to use ",[17,35863,34496],{}," together with ",[17,35866,35212],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2122,35869,35870],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":35872},[35873,35874,35876,35881,35886,35888,35889,35895,35900,35907,35908,35918],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":34673,"depth":103,"text":35875},"What dir() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352,"children":35877},[35878,35880],{"id":34726,"depth":124,"text":35879},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34782,"depth":124,"text":34568},{"id":34850,"depth":103,"text":35882,"children":35883},"Using dir() with a value",[35884,35885],{"id":34862,"depth":124,"text":34863},{"id":34923,"depth":124,"text":34924},{"id":35002,"depth":103,"text":35887},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35102,"depth":103,"text":35103},{"id":35248,"depth":103,"text":35890,"children":35891},"dir() on modules",[35892,35894],{"id":35262,"depth":124,"text":35893},"Example: math module",{"id":35345,"depth":124,"text":35346},{"id":35395,"depth":103,"text":35896,"children":35897},"dir() vs help()",[35898,35899],{"id":34557,"depth":124,"text":34496},{"id":32337,"depth":124,"text":35212},{"id":25545,"depth":103,"text":25546,"children":35901},[35902,35904,35905,35906],{"id":35501,"depth":124,"text":35903},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35522,"depth":124,"text":35523},{"id":35532,"depth":124,"text":35533},{"id":35562,"depth":124,"text":35563},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":35909},[35910,35912,35914,35916],{"id":35785,"depth":124,"text":35911},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35793,"depth":124,"text":35913},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35808,"depth":124,"text":35915},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35818,"depth":124,"text":35917},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34488,"description":35919},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35926,"title":35927,"body":35928,"description":37739,"extension":2153,"meta":37740,"navigation":127,"path":37741,"seo":37742,"stem":37743,"__hash__":37744},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35929,"toc":37708},[35930,35936,35941,35944,35952,35958,35960,36039,36041,36067,36072,36077,36082,36085,36096,36099,36101,36178,36180,36206,36213,36215,36217,36242,36245,36258,36263,36265,36344,36346,36372,36381,36386,36394,36400,36407,36410,36412,36489,36492,36549,36551,36588,36594,36599,36604,36607,36621,36623,36725,36727,36770,36779,36789,36796,36802,36809,36892,36894,36917,36920,36923,36925,36929,36933,36936,36999,37022,37025,37029,37035,37037,37104,37107,37184,37189,37195,37198,37201,37247,37249,37273,37278,37282,37287,37293,37356,37359,37361,37364,37388,37391,37526,37528,37629,37631,37636,37639,37645,37655,37663,37668,37674,37680,37682,37705],[10,35931,3764,35933,3768],{"id":35932},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[17,35934,35935],{},"enumerate()",[14,35937,35938,35940],{},[17,35939,35935],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35942,35943],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[25,35945,35946,35949],{},[28,35947,35948],{},"the item itself",[28,35950,35951],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35953,35954,35955,35957],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[17,35956,35935],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[53,35959,56],{"id":55},[58,35961,35963],{"className":60,"code":35962,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[17,35964,35965,35997,36001,36024],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,35966,35967,35969,35971,35973,35975,35977,35979,35981,35983,35985,35987,35989,35991,35993,35995],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,35968,232],{"class":73},[67,35970,78],{"class":77},[67,35972,82],{"class":81},[67,35974,240],{"class":239},[67,35976,244],{"class":243},[67,35978,240],{"class":239},[67,35980,89],{"class":81},[67,35982,251],{"class":239},[67,35984,254],{"class":243},[67,35986,240],{"class":239},[67,35988,89],{"class":81},[67,35990,251],{"class":239},[67,35992,263],{"class":243},[67,35994,240],{"class":239},[67,35996,100],{"class":81},[67,35998,35999],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,36000,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,36002,36003,36005,36008,36010,36013,36015,36018,36020,36022],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,36004,6150],{"class":1167},[67,36006,36007],{"class":73}," index",[67,36009,89],{"class":81},[67,36011,36012],{"class":73}," color ",[67,36014,4074],{"class":1167},[67,36016,36017],{"class":134}," enumerate",[67,36019,138],{"class":81},[67,36021,312],{"class":117},[67,36023,1407],{"class":81},[67,36025,36026,36028,36030,36032,36034,36037],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,36027,1228],{"class":134},[67,36029,138],{"class":81},[67,36031,373],{"class":117},[67,36033,89],{"class":81},[67,36035,36036],{"class":117}," color",[67,36038,144],{"class":81},[14,36040,159],{},[58,36042,36044],{"className":60,"code":36043,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[17,36045,36046,36053,36060],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,36047,36048,36050],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,36049,1031],{"class":85},[67,36051,36052],{"class":73}," red\n",[67,36054,36055,36057],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,36056,464],{"class":85},[67,36058,36059],{"class":73}," green\n",[67,36061,36062,36064],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,36063,2245],{"class":85},[67,36065,36066],{"class":73}," blue\n",[14,36068,185,36069,36071],{},[17,36070,35935],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[53,36073,3867,36075,3870],{"id":36074},"what-enumerate-does",[17,36076,35935],{},[14,36078,36079,36081],{},[17,36080,35935],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,36083,36084],{},"It is commonly used with:",[25,36086,36087,36089,36091,36093],{},[28,36088,5490],{},[28,36090,5493],{},[28,36092,5499],{},[28,36094,36095],{},"other iterable objects",[14,36097,36098],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,36100,222],{},[58,36102,36104],{"className":60,"code":36103,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[17,36105,36106,36138,36142,36163],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,36107,36108,36110,36112,36114,36116,36118,36120,36122,36124,36126,36128,36130,36132,36134,36136],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,36109,977],{"class":73},[67,36111,78],{"class":77},[67,36113,82],{"class":81},[67,36115,240],{"class":239},[67,36117,986],{"class":243},[67,36119,240],{"class":239},[67,36121,89],{"class":81},[67,36123,251],{"class":239},[67,36125,995],{"class":243},[67,36127,240],{"class":239},[67,36129,89],{"class":81},[67,36131,251],{"class":239},[67,36133,1004],{"class":243},[67,36135,240],{"class":239},[67,36137,100],{"class":81},[67,36139,36140],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,36141,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,36143,36144,36146,36148,36150,36153,36155,36157,36159,36161],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,36145,6150],{"class":1167},[67,36147,36007],{"class":73},[67,36149,89],{"class":81},[67,36151,36152],{"class":73}," name ",[67,36154,4074],{"class":1167},[67,36156,36017],{"class":134},[67,36158,138],{"class":81},[67,36160,1057],{"class":117},[67,36162,1407],{"class":81},[67,36164,36165,36167,36169,36171,36173,36176],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,36166,1228],{"class":134},[67,36168,138],{"class":81},[67,36170,373],{"class":117},[67,36172,89],{"class":81},[67,36174,36175],{"class":117}," name",[67,36177,144],{"class":81},[14,36179,159],{},[58,36181,36183],{"className":60,"code":36182,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[17,36184,36185,36192,36199],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,36186,36187,36189],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,36188,1031],{"class":85},[67,36190,36191],{"class":73}," Ana\n",[67,36193,36194,36196],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,36195,464],{"class":85},[67,36197,36198],{"class":73}," Ben\n",[67,36200,36201,36203],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,36202,2245],{"class":85},[67,36204,36205],{"class":73}," Cara\n",[14,36207,36208,36209,114],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[45,36210,36212],{"href":36211},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[53,36214,352],{"id":351},[14,36216,2347],{},[58,36218,36220],{"className":60,"code":36219,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[17,36221,36222],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,36223,36224,36227,36229,36231,36233,36236,36238,36240],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,36225,36226],{"class":134},"enumerate",[67,36228,138],{"class":81},[67,36230,3911],{"class":117},[67,36232,89],{"class":81},[67,36234,36235],{"class":9362}," start",[67,36237,78],{"class":77},[67,36239,1031],{"class":85},[67,36241,144],{"class":81},[14,36243,36244],{},"It has two parts:",[25,36246,36247,36252],{},[28,36248,36249,36251],{},[17,36250,3911],{},": the object you want to loop through",[28,36253,36254,36257],{},[17,36255,36256],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,36259,36260,36261,114],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[17,36262,1031],{},[14,36264,222],{},[58,36266,36268],{"className":60,"code":36267,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[17,36269,36270,36302,36306,36328],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,36271,36272,36274,36276,36278,36280,36282,36284,36286,36288,36290,36292,36294,36296,36298,36300],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,36273,411],{"class":73},[67,36275,78],{"class":77},[67,36277,82],{"class":81},[67,36279,240],{"class":239},[67,36281,45],{"class":243},[67,36283,240],{"class":239},[67,36285,89],{"class":81},[67,36287,251],{"class":239},[67,36289,428],{"class":243},[67,36291,240],{"class":239},[67,36293,89],{"class":81},[67,36295,251],{"class":239},[67,36297,437],{"class":243},[67,36299,240],{"class":239},[67,36301,100],{"class":81},[67,36303,36304],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,36305,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,36307,36308,36310,36313,36315,36318,36320,36322,36324,36326],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,36309,6150],{"class":1167},[67,36311,36312],{"class":73}," i",[67,36314,89],{"class":81},[67,36316,36317],{"class":73}," letter ",[67,36319,4074],{"class":1167},[67,36321,36017],{"class":134},[67,36323,138],{"class":81},[67,36325,490],{"class":117},[67,36327,1407],{"class":81},[67,36329,36330,36332,36334,36337,36339,36342],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,36331,1228],{"class":134},[67,36333,138],{"class":81},[67,36335,36336],{"class":117},"i",[67,36338,89],{"class":81},[67,36340,36341],{"class":117}," letter",[67,36343,144],{"class":81},[14,36345,159],{},[58,36347,36349],{"className":60,"code":36348,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[17,36350,36351,36358,36365],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,36352,36353,36355],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,36354,1031],{"class":85},[67,36356,36357],{"class":73}," a\n",[67,36359,36360,36362],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,36361,464],{"class":85},[67,36363,36364],{"class":73}," b\n",[67,36366,36367,36369],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,36368,2245],{"class":85},[67,36370,36371],{"class":73}," c\n",[14,36373,36374,36375,114],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[45,36376,3764,36378,3697],{"href":36377},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[17,36379,36380],{},"range()",[53,36382,3867,36384,11894],{"id":36383},"what-enumerate-returns",[17,36385,35935],{},[14,36387,36388,36390,36391,114],{},[17,36389,35935],{}," returns an ",[3934,36392,36393],{},"enumerate object",[14,36395,36396,36397,36399],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[17,36398,6150],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[25,36401,36402],{},[28,36403,36404],{},[17,36405,36406],{},"(index, item)",[14,36408,36409],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36411,222],{},[58,36413,36415],{"className":60,"code":36414,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[17,36416,36417,36449,36453,36474],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,36418,36419,36421,36423,36425,36427,36429,36431,36433,36435,36437,36439,36441,36443,36445,36447],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,36420,680],{"class":73},[67,36422,78],{"class":77},[67,36424,82],{"class":81},[67,36426,240],{"class":239},[67,36428,689],{"class":243},[67,36430,240],{"class":239},[67,36432,89],{"class":81},[67,36434,251],{"class":239},[67,36436,698],{"class":243},[67,36438,240],{"class":239},[67,36440,89],{"class":81},[67,36442,251],{"class":239},[67,36444,716],{"class":243},[67,36446,240],{"class":239},[67,36448,100],{"class":81},[67,36450,36451],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,36452,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,36454,36455,36457,36459,36461,36464,36466,36468,36470,36472],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,36456,6150],{"class":1167},[67,36458,36007],{"class":73},[67,36460,89],{"class":81},[67,36462,36463],{"class":73}," fruit ",[67,36465,4074],{"class":1167},[67,36467,36017],{"class":134},[67,36469,138],{"class":81},[67,36471,766],{"class":117},[67,36473,1407],{"class":81},[67,36475,36476,36478,36480,36482,36484,36487],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,36477,1228],{"class":134},[67,36479,138],{"class":81},[67,36481,373],{"class":117},[67,36483,89],{"class":81},[67,36485,36486],{"class":117}," fruit",[67,36488,144],{"class":81},[14,36490,36491],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[58,36493,36495],{"className":60,"code":36494,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[17,36496,36497,36517,36521,36539],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,36498,36499,36501,36503,36505,36507,36509,36511,36513,36515],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,36500,74],{"class":73},[67,36502,78],{"class":77},[67,36504,82],{"class":81},[67,36506,86],{"class":85},[67,36508,89],{"class":81},[67,36510,92],{"class":85},[67,36512,89],{"class":81},[67,36514,97],{"class":85},[67,36516,100],{"class":81},[67,36518,36519],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,36520,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,36522,36523,36525,36527,36529,36531,36533,36535,36537],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,36524,2416],{"class":73},[67,36526,78],{"class":77},[67,36528,22749],{"class":362},[67,36530,138],{"class":81},[67,36532,36226],{"class":134},[67,36534,138],{"class":81},[67,36536,154],{"class":117},[67,36538,1426],{"class":81},[67,36540,36541,36543,36545,36547],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,36542,135],{"class":134},[67,36544,138],{"class":81},[67,36546,2451],{"class":117},[67,36548,144],{"class":81},[14,36550,159],{},[58,36552,36554],{"className":60,"code":36553,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[17,36555,36556],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,36557,36558,36560,36562,36564,36566,36568,36570,36572,36574,36576,36578,36580,36582,36584,36586],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,36559,21929],{"class":81},[67,36561,1031],{"class":85},[67,36563,89],{"class":81},[67,36565,6196],{"class":85},[67,36567,9420],{"class":81},[67,36569,9423],{"class":81},[67,36571,464],{"class":85},[67,36573,89],{"class":81},[67,36575,92],{"class":85},[67,36577,9420],{"class":81},[67,36579,9423],{"class":81},[67,36581,2245],{"class":85},[67,36583,89],{"class":81},[67,36585,97],{"class":85},[67,36587,9436],{"class":81},[14,36589,36590,36591,36593],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[17,36592,35935],{}," produces.",[53,36595,5151,36597],{"id":36596},"when-to-use-enumerate",[17,36598,35935],{},[14,36600,185,36601,36603],{},[17,36602,35935],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36605,36606],{},"Common cases:",[25,36608,36609,36612,36615,36618],{},[28,36610,36611],{},"printing numbered output",[28,36613,36614],{},"building menus",[28,36616,36617],{},"showing positions in a list",[28,36619,36620],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36622,222],{},[58,36624,36626],{"className":60,"code":36625,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[17,36627,36628,36663,36667,36696],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,36629,36630,36632,36634,36636,36638,36641,36643,36645,36647,36650,36652,36654,36656,36659,36661],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,36631,551],{"class":73},[67,36633,78],{"class":77},[67,36635,82],{"class":81},[67,36637,240],{"class":239},[67,36639,36640],{"class":243},"Wash dishes",[67,36642,240],{"class":239},[67,36644,89],{"class":81},[67,36646,251],{"class":239},[67,36648,36649],{"class":243},"Study Python",[67,36651,240],{"class":239},[67,36653,89],{"class":81},[67,36655,251],{"class":239},[67,36657,36658],{"class":243},"Go for a walk",[67,36660,240],{"class":239},[67,36662,100],{"class":81},[67,36664,36665],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,36666,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,36668,36669,36671,36673,36675,36678,36680,36682,36684,36686,36688,36690,36692,36694],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,36670,6150],{"class":1167},[67,36672,2383],{"class":73},[67,36674,89],{"class":81},[67,36676,36677],{"class":73}," task ",[67,36679,4074],{"class":1167},[67,36681,36017],{"class":134},[67,36683,138],{"class":81},[67,36685,626],{"class":117},[67,36687,89],{"class":81},[67,36689,36235],{"class":9362},[67,36691,78],{"class":77},[67,36693,464],{"class":85},[67,36695,1407],{"class":81},[67,36697,36698,36700,36702,36704,36706,36708,36710,36712,36714,36716,36719,36721,36723],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,36699,1228],{"class":134},[67,36701,138],{"class":81},[67,36703,22483],{"class":2254},[67,36705,240],{"class":243},[67,36707,9465],{"class":85},[67,36709,2426],{"class":117},[67,36711,22492],{"class":85},[67,36713,28501],{"class":243},[67,36715,9465],{"class":85},[67,36717,36718],{"class":117},"task",[67,36720,22492],{"class":85},[67,36722,240],{"class":243},[67,36724,144],{"class":81},[14,36726,159],{},[58,36728,36730],{"className":60,"code":36729,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[17,36731,36732,36744,36756],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,36733,36734,36736,36738,36741],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,36735,464],{"class":85},[67,36737,114],{"class":81},[67,36739,36740],{"class":24938}," Wash",[67,36742,36743],{"class":73}," dishes\n",[67,36745,36746,36748,36750,36753],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,36747,2245],{"class":85},[67,36749,114],{"class":81},[67,36751,36752],{"class":24938}," Study",[67,36754,36755],{"class":73}," Python\n",[67,36757,36758,36760,36762,36765,36767],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,36759,2251],{"class":85},[67,36761,114],{"class":81},[67,36763,36764],{"class":24938}," Go",[67,36766,4068],{"class":1167},[67,36768,36769],{"class":73}," a walk\n",[14,36771,36772,36773,36775,36776,114],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[17,36774,35935],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[17,36777,36778],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36780,36781,36782,114],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[45,36783,36785,36786,36788],{"href":36784},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[17,36787,35935],{}," in Python",[53,36790,36792,36793,36795],{"id":36791},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[17,36794,36256],{}," argument",[14,36797,36798,36799,36801],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[17,36800,36256],{}," argument.",[14,36803,36804,36805,11279,36807,1161],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[17,36806,464],{},[17,36808,1031],{},[58,36810,36812],{"className":60,"code":36811,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[17,36813,36814,36846,36850,36878],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,36815,36816,36818,36820,36822,36824,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836,36838,36840,36842,36844],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,36817,232],{"class":73},[67,36819,78],{"class":77},[67,36821,82],{"class":81},[67,36823,240],{"class":239},[67,36825,244],{"class":243},[67,36827,240],{"class":239},[67,36829,89],{"class":81},[67,36831,251],{"class":239},[67,36833,254],{"class":243},[67,36835,240],{"class":239},[67,36837,89],{"class":81},[67,36839,251],{"class":239},[67,36841,263],{"class":243},[67,36843,240],{"class":239},[67,36845,100],{"class":81},[67,36847,36848],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,36849,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,36851,36852,36854,36856,36858,36860,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870,36872,36874,36876],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,36853,6150],{"class":1167},[67,36855,36007],{"class":73},[67,36857,89],{"class":81},[67,36859,36012],{"class":73},[67,36861,4074],{"class":1167},[67,36863,36017],{"class":134},[67,36865,138],{"class":81},[67,36867,312],{"class":117},[67,36869,89],{"class":81},[67,36871,36235],{"class":9362},[67,36873,78],{"class":77},[67,36875,464],{"class":85},[67,36877,1407],{"class":81},[67,36879,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888,36890],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,36881,1228],{"class":134},[67,36883,138],{"class":81},[67,36885,373],{"class":117},[67,36887,89],{"class":81},[67,36889,36036],{"class":117},[67,36891,144],{"class":81},[14,36893,159],{},[58,36895,36897],{"className":60,"code":36896,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[17,36898,36899,36905,36911],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,36900,36901,36903],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,36902,464],{"class":85},[67,36904,36052],{"class":73},[67,36906,36907,36909],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,36908,2245],{"class":85},[67,36910,36059],{"class":73},[67,36912,36913,36915],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,36914,2251],{"class":85},[67,36916,36066],{"class":73},[14,36918,36919],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36921,36922],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[53,36924,25546],{"id":25545},[14,36926,25549,36927,114],{},[17,36928,35935],{},[1109,36930,36932],{"id":36931},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36934,36935],{},"In this loop:",[58,36937,36939],{"className":60,"code":36938,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[17,36940,36941,36961,36965,36985],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,36942,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955,36957,36959],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,36944,74],{"class":73},[67,36946,78],{"class":77},[67,36948,82],{"class":81},[67,36950,86],{"class":85},[67,36952,89],{"class":81},[67,36954,92],{"class":85},[67,36956,89],{"class":81},[67,36958,97],{"class":85},[67,36960,100],{"class":81},[67,36962,36963],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,36964,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,36966,36967,36969,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979,36981,36983],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,36968,6150],{"class":1167},[67,36970,36007],{"class":73},[67,36972,89],{"class":81},[67,36974,21773],{"class":73},[67,36976,4074],{"class":1167},[67,36978,36017],{"class":134},[67,36980,138],{"class":81},[67,36982,154],{"class":117},[67,36984,1407],{"class":81},[67,36986,36987,36989,36991,36993,36995,36997],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,36988,1228],{"class":134},[67,36990,138],{"class":81},[67,36992,373],{"class":117},[67,36994,89],{"class":81},[67,36996,8620],{"class":117},[67,36998,144],{"class":81},[25,37000,37001,37011],{},[28,37002,37003,4973,37005,1550,37007,1550,37009],{},[17,37004,373],{},[17,37006,1031],{},[17,37008,464],{},[17,37010,2245],{},[28,37012,37013,4973,37015,1550,37017,1550,37019],{},[17,37014,2661],{},[17,37016,86],{},[17,37018,1843],{},[17,37020,37021],{},"30",[14,37023,37024],{},"These are different things.",[1109,37026,37028],{"id":37027},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,37030,37031,37032,37034],{},"Each item from ",[17,37033,35935],{}," is a pair.",[14,37036,6880],{},[58,37038,37040],{"className":60,"code":37039,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[17,37041,37042,37066,37070,37090],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,37043,37044,37046,37048,37050,37052,37054,37056,37058,37060,37062,37064],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,37045,1131],{"class":73},[67,37047,78],{"class":77},[67,37049,82],{"class":81},[67,37051,240],{"class":239},[67,37053,2361],{"class":243},[67,37055,240],{"class":239},[67,37057,89],{"class":81},[67,37059,251],{"class":239},[67,37061,11934],{"class":243},[67,37063,240],{"class":239},[67,37065,100],{"class":81},[67,37067,37068],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,37069,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,37071,37072,37074,37076,37078,37080,37082,37084,37086,37088],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,37073,6150],{"class":1167},[67,37075,36312],{"class":73},[67,37077,89],{"class":81},[67,37079,6153],{"class":73},[67,37081,4074],{"class":1167},[67,37083,36017],{"class":134},[67,37085,138],{"class":81},[67,37087,1141],{"class":117},[67,37089,1407],{"class":81},[67,37091,37092,37094,37096,37098,37100,37102],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,37093,1228],{"class":134},[67,37095,138],{"class":81},[67,37097,36336],{"class":117},[67,37099,89],{"class":81},[67,37101,29694],{"class":117},[67,37103,144],{"class":81},[14,37105,37106],{},"But this causes an error:",[58,37108,37110],{"className":60,"code":37109,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[17,37111,37112,37136,37140,37165],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,37113,37114,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,37115,1131],{"class":73},[67,37117,78],{"class":77},[67,37119,82],{"class":81},[67,37121,240],{"class":239},[67,37123,2361],{"class":243},[67,37125,240],{"class":239},[67,37127,89],{"class":81},[67,37129,251],{"class":239},[67,37131,11934],{"class":243},[67,37133,240],{"class":239},[67,37135,100],{"class":81},[67,37137,37138],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,37139,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,37141,37142,37144,37146,37148,37150,37152,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,37143,6150],{"class":1167},[67,37145,36312],{"class":73},[67,37147,89],{"class":81},[67,37149,29694],{"class":73},[67,37151,89],{"class":81},[67,37153,37154],{"class":73}," extra ",[67,37156,4074],{"class":1167},[67,37158,36017],{"class":134},[67,37160,138],{"class":81},[67,37162,1141],{"class":117},[67,37164,1407],{"class":81},[67,37166,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175,37177,37179,37182],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,37168,1228],{"class":134},[67,37170,138],{"class":81},[67,37172,36336],{"class":117},[67,37174,89],{"class":81},[67,37176,29694],{"class":117},[67,37178,89],{"class":81},[67,37180,37181],{"class":117}," extra",[67,37183,144],{"class":81},[14,37185,29248,37186,37188],{},[17,37187,35935],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1109,37190,37192,37194],{"id":37191},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[17,37193,35935],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,37196,37197],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,37199,37200],{},"Example with a string:",[58,37202,37204],{"className":60,"code":37203,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[17,37205,37206,37232],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,37207,37208,37210,37212,37214,37217,37219,37221,37223,37225,37228,37230],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,37209,6150],{"class":1167},[67,37211,36007],{"class":73},[67,37213,89],{"class":81},[67,37215,37216],{"class":73}," char ",[67,37218,4074],{"class":1167},[67,37220,36017],{"class":134},[67,37222,138],{"class":81},[67,37224,240],{"class":239},[67,37226,37227],{"class":243},"cat",[67,37229,240],{"class":239},[67,37231,1407],{"class":81},[67,37233,37234,37236,37238,37240,37242,37245],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,37235,1228],{"class":134},[67,37237,138],{"class":81},[67,37239,373],{"class":117},[67,37241,89],{"class":81},[67,37243,37244],{"class":117}," char",[67,37246,144],{"class":81},[14,37248,159],{},[58,37250,37252],{"className":60,"code":37251,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[17,37253,37254,37260,37266],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,37255,37256,37258],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,37257,1031],{"class":85},[67,37259,36371],{"class":73},[67,37261,37262,37264],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,37263,464],{"class":85},[67,37265,36357],{"class":73},[67,37267,37268,37270],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,37269,2245],{"class":85},[67,37271,37272],{"class":73}," t\n",[14,37274,37275,37276,114],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[45,37277,5325],{"href":5778},[1109,37279,37281],{"id":37280},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,37283,37284,37285,114],{},"You do not always need ",[17,37286,35935],{},[14,37288,37289,37290,37292],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[17,37291,6150],{}," loop:",[58,37294,37296],{"className":60,"code":37295,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[17,37297,37298,37330,37334,37346],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,37299,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308,37310,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326,37328],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,37301,232],{"class":73},[67,37303,78],{"class":77},[67,37305,82],{"class":81},[67,37307,240],{"class":239},[67,37309,244],{"class":243},[67,37311,240],{"class":239},[67,37313,89],{"class":81},[67,37315,251],{"class":239},[67,37317,254],{"class":243},[67,37319,240],{"class":239},[67,37321,89],{"class":81},[67,37323,251],{"class":239},[67,37325,263],{"class":243},[67,37327,240],{"class":239},[67,37329,100],{"class":81},[67,37331,37332],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,37333,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,37335,37336,37338,37340,37342,37344],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,37337,6150],{"class":1167},[67,37339,36012],{"class":73},[67,37341,4074],{"class":1167},[67,37343,281],{"class":73},[67,37345,1223],{"class":81},[67,37347,37348,37350,37352,37354],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,37349,1228],{"class":134},[67,37351,138],{"class":81},[67,37353,33076],{"class":117},[67,37355,144],{"class":81},[14,37357,37358],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[53,37360,1907],{"id":1906},[14,37362,37363],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[25,37365,37366,37371,37377,37382],{},[28,37367,23290,37368,37370],{},[17,37369,35935],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[28,37372,37373,37374,37376],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[17,37375,1031],{}," by default",[28,37378,8604,37379,37381],{},[17,37380,35935],{}," when only values are needed",[28,37383,1923,37384,43,37386],{},[17,37385,35935],{},[17,37387,36380],{},[14,37389,37390],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[58,37392,37394],{"className":60,"code":37393,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[17,37395,37396,37418,37445,37479,37512],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,37397,37398,37400,37402,37404,37406,37408,37410,37412,37414,37416],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,37399,135],{"class":134},[67,37401,138],{"class":81},[67,37403,36226],{"class":134},[67,37405,370],{"class":81},[67,37407,86],{"class":85},[67,37409,89],{"class":81},[67,37411,92],{"class":85},[67,37413,89],{"class":81},[67,37415,97],{"class":85},[67,37417,3189],{"class":81},[67,37419,37420,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432,37434,37436,37438,37440,37442],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,37421,135],{"class":134},[67,37423,138],{"class":81},[67,37425,363],{"class":362},[67,37427,138],{"class":81},[67,37429,36226],{"class":134},[67,37431,370],{"class":81},[67,37433,86],{"class":85},[67,37435,89],{"class":81},[67,37437,92],{"class":85},[67,37439,89],{"class":81},[67,37441,97],{"class":85},[67,37443,37444],{"class":81},"])))\n",[67,37446,37447,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467,37469,37471,37473,37475,37477],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,37448,135],{"class":134},[67,37450,138],{"class":81},[67,37452,363],{"class":362},[67,37454,138],{"class":81},[67,37456,36226],{"class":134},[67,37458,370],{"class":81},[67,37460,86],{"class":85},[67,37462,89],{"class":81},[67,37464,92],{"class":85},[67,37466,89],{"class":81},[67,37468,97],{"class":85},[67,37470,18249],{"class":81},[67,37472,36235],{"class":9362},[67,37474,78],{"class":77},[67,37476,464],{"class":85},[67,37478,3102],{"class":81},[67,37480,37481,37483,37485,37487,37489,37491,37493,37495,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505,37507,37509],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,37482,6150],{"class":1167},[67,37484,36312],{"class":73},[67,37486,89],{"class":81},[67,37488,21773],{"class":73},[67,37490,4074],{"class":1167},[67,37492,36017],{"class":134},[67,37494,370],{"class":81},[67,37496,333],{"class":239},[67,37498,45],{"class":243},[67,37500,333],{"class":239},[67,37502,89],{"class":81},[67,37504,342],{"class":239},[67,37506,428],{"class":243},[67,37508,333],{"class":239},[67,37510,37511],{"class":81},"]):\n",[67,37513,37514,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,37515,1228],{"class":134},[67,37517,138],{"class":81},[67,37519,36336],{"class":117},[67,37521,89],{"class":81},[67,37523,8620],{"class":117},[67,37525,144],{"class":81},[14,37527,17146],{},[58,37529,37531],{"className":60,"code":37530,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[17,37532,37533,37553,37585,37617,37623],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,37534,37535,37537,37539,37541,37544,37548,37551],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,37536,1397],{"class":77},[67,37538,36226],{"class":134},[67,37540,1531],{"class":362},[67,37542,37543],{"class":73}," at ",[67,37545,37547],{"class":37546},"srjyR","0x",[67,37549,37550],{"class":34638},"...",[67,37552,3491],{"class":77},[67,37554,37555,37557,37559,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569,37571,37573,37575,37577,37579,37581,37583],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,37556,21929],{"class":81},[67,37558,1031],{"class":85},[67,37560,89],{"class":81},[67,37562,6196],{"class":85},[67,37564,9420],{"class":81},[67,37566,9423],{"class":81},[67,37568,464],{"class":85},[67,37570,89],{"class":81},[67,37572,92],{"class":85},[67,37574,9420],{"class":81},[67,37576,9423],{"class":81},[67,37578,2245],{"class":85},[67,37580,89],{"class":81},[67,37582,97],{"class":85},[67,37584,9436],{"class":81},[67,37586,37587,37589,37591,37593,37595,37597,37599,37601,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611,37613,37615],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,37588,21929],{"class":81},[67,37590,464],{"class":85},[67,37592,89],{"class":81},[67,37594,6196],{"class":85},[67,37596,9420],{"class":81},[67,37598,9423],{"class":81},[67,37600,2245],{"class":85},[67,37602,89],{"class":81},[67,37604,92],{"class":85},[67,37606,9420],{"class":81},[67,37608,9423],{"class":81},[67,37610,2251],{"class":85},[67,37612,89],{"class":81},[67,37614,97],{"class":85},[67,37616,9436],{"class":81},[67,37618,37619,37621],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,37620,1031],{"class":85},[67,37622,36357],{"class":73},[67,37624,37625,37627],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,37626,464],{"class":85},[67,37628,36364],{"class":73},[53,37630,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,37632,5331,37634,5334],{"id":37633},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[17,37635,35935],{},[14,37637,37638],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1109,37640,12894,37642,37644],{"id":37641},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[17,37643,35935],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37646,37647,37648,37650,37651,37654],{},"It starts at ",[17,37649,1031],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[17,37652,37653],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1109,37656,21609,37658,11279,37660,2681],{"id":37657},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[17,37659,35935],{},[17,37661,37662],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37664,36772,37665,37667],{},[17,37666,35935],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1109,37669,5359,37671,37673],{"id":37670},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[17,37672,35935],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37675,37676,37677,37679],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[17,37678,35935],{}," can return each character with its index.",[53,37681,2094],{"id":2093},[25,37683,37684,37688,37694,37701],{},[28,37685,37686],{},[45,37687,36212],{"href":36211},[28,37689,37690],{},[45,37691,3764,37692,3697],{"href":36377},[17,37693,36380],{},[28,37695,37696],{},[45,37697,37698,37699,36788],{"href":36784},"How to use ",[17,37700,35935],{},[28,37702,37703],{},[45,37704,5406],{"href":5778},[2122,37706,37707],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":37709},[37710,37711,37713,37714,37716,37718,37720,37727,37728,37738],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":36074,"depth":103,"text":37712},"What enumerate() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":36383,"depth":103,"text":37715},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36596,"depth":103,"text":37717},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36791,"depth":103,"text":37719},"Using the start argument",{"id":25545,"depth":103,"text":25546,"children":37721},[37722,37723,37724,37726],{"id":36931,"depth":124,"text":36932},{"id":37027,"depth":124,"text":37028},{"id":37191,"depth":124,"text":37725},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37280,"depth":124,"text":37281},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":37729},[37730,37732,37734,37736],{"id":37633,"depth":124,"text":37731},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37641,"depth":124,"text":37733},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37657,"depth":124,"text":37735},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37670,"depth":124,"text":37737},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35927,"description":37739},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37746,"title":37747,"body":37748,"description":40262,"extension":2153,"meta":40263,"navigation":127,"path":40264,"seo":40265,"stem":40266,"__hash__":40267},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37749,"toc":40219},[37750,37756,37761,37764,37772,37786,37788,37879,37887,37892,37897,37899,37915,37917,37996,37998,38015,38021,38025,38027,38048,38052,38055,38067,38071,38074,38077,38094,38097,38173,38175,38192,38197,38201,38209,38212,38227,38229,38318,38320,38365,38368,38372,38375,38454,38456,38478,38481,38488,38493,38496,38598,38600,38625,38628,38635,38641,38646,38649,38660,38766,38768,38789,38797,38804,38810,38829,38834,38837,38856,38858,38943,38945,38974,38977,38982,38987,38990,39001,39003,39092,39094,39114,39120,39226,39228,39248,39251,39335,39337,39357,39364,39366,39370,39376,39379,39436,39439,39441,39502,39511,39514,39517,39545,39548,39608,39610,39627,39631,39634,39712,39714,39734,39737,39812,39816,39819,39821,39830,39835,39837,39888,39896,39908,39913,39974,39976,39993,39997,40060,40062,40087,40095,40097,40103,40109,40116,40124,40130,40133,40140,40150,40156,40162,40165,40182,40188,40190,40216],[10,37751,3764,37753,3768],{"id":37752},"python-filter-function-explained",[17,37754,37755],{},"filter()",[14,37757,37758,37760],{},[17,37759,37755],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37762,37763],{},"It takes:",[25,37765,37766,37769],{},[28,37767,37768],{},"a function that checks each item",[28,37770,37771],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37773,37774,37775,37778,37779,37782,37783,37785],{},"The result is ",[3934,37776,37777],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[17,37780,37781],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[17,37784,24969],{}," to see the values.",[53,37787,56],{"id":55},[58,37789,37791],{"className":60,"code":37790,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[17,37792,37793,37826,37862],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,37794,37795,37797,37799,37801,37803,37805,37807,37809,37811,37813,37815,37817,37819,37821,37824],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,37796,74],{"class":73},[67,37798,78],{"class":77},[67,37800,82],{"class":81},[67,37802,464],{"class":85},[67,37804,89],{"class":81},[67,37806,3182],{"class":85},[67,37808,89],{"class":81},[67,37810,2639],{"class":85},[67,37812,89],{"class":81},[67,37814,2645],{"class":85},[67,37816,89],{"class":81},[67,37818,4794],{"class":85},[67,37820,89],{"class":81},[67,37822,37823],{"class":85}," 6",[67,37825,100],{"class":81},[67,37827,37828,37830,37832,37835,37837,37840,37844,37846,37848,37850,37852,37854,37856,37858,37860],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,37829,2416],{"class":73},[67,37831,78],{"class":77},[67,37833,37834],{"class":134}," filter",[67,37836,138],{"class":81},[67,37838,37839],{"class":2254},"lambda",[67,37841,37843],{"class":37842},"sFwrP"," x",[67,37845,1161],{"class":81},[67,37847,4071],{"class":117},[67,37849,6595],{"class":77},[67,37851,3182],{"class":85},[67,37853,6600],{"class":77},[67,37855,1388],{"class":85},[67,37857,89],{"class":81},[67,37859,111],{"class":117},[67,37861,144],{"class":81},[67,37863,37864,37866,37868,37870,37872,37874,37876],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,37865,135],{"class":134},[67,37867,138],{"class":81},[67,37869,363],{"class":362},[67,37871,138],{"class":81},[67,37873,2451],{"class":117},[67,37875,5552],{"class":81},[67,37877,37878],{"class":3852},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37880,37881,37883,37884,37886],{},[17,37882,37755],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[17,37885,24969],{}," to see the results.",[53,37888,3867,37890,3870],{"id":37889},"what-filter-does",[17,37891,37755],{},[14,37893,37894,37896],{},[17,37895,37755],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37898,2296],{},[25,37900,37901,37904,37910],{},[28,37902,37903],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[28,37905,37906,37907,37909],{},"if the test returns ",[17,37908,3793],{},", the item is kept",[28,37911,37906,37912,37914],{},[17,37913,3863],{},", the item is removed",[14,37916,222],{},[58,37918,37920],{"className":60,"code":37919,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,37921,37922,37950,37954,37982],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,37923,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934,37936,37938,37940,37942,37944,37946,37948],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,37925,74],{"class":73},[67,37927,78],{"class":77},[67,37929,82],{"class":81},[67,37931,464],{"class":85},[67,37933,89],{"class":81},[67,37935,3182],{"class":85},[67,37937,89],{"class":81},[67,37939,2639],{"class":85},[67,37941,89],{"class":81},[67,37943,2645],{"class":85},[67,37945,89],{"class":81},[67,37947,4794],{"class":85},[67,37949,100],{"class":81},[67,37951,37952],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,37953,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,37955,37956,37958,37960,37962,37964,37966,37968,37970,37972,37974,37976,37978,37980],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,37957,2416],{"class":73},[67,37959,78],{"class":77},[67,37961,37834],{"class":134},[67,37963,138],{"class":81},[67,37965,37839],{"class":2254},[67,37967,37843],{"class":37842},[67,37969,1161],{"class":81},[67,37971,4071],{"class":117},[67,37973,4441],{"class":77},[67,37975,2639],{"class":85},[67,37977,89],{"class":81},[67,37979,111],{"class":117},[67,37981,144],{"class":81},[67,37983,37984,37986,37988,37990,37992,37994],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,37985,135],{"class":134},[67,37987,138],{"class":81},[67,37989,363],{"class":362},[67,37991,138],{"class":81},[67,37993,2451],{"class":117},[67,37995,1426],{"class":81},[14,37997,159],{},[58,37999,38001],{"className":60,"code":38000,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[4, 5]\n",[17,38002,38003],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,38004,38005,38007,38009,38011,38013],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,38006,174],{"class":81},[67,38008,2694],{"class":85},[67,38010,89],{"class":81},[67,38012,4794],{"class":85},[67,38014,100],{"class":81},[14,38016,38017,38018,38020],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[17,38019,2251],{}," are kept.",[53,38022,38024],{"id":38023},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,38026,2347],{},[58,38028,38030],{"className":60,"code":38029,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[17,38031,38032],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,38033,38034,38036,38038,38041,38043,38046],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,38035,37781],{"class":134},[67,38037,138],{"class":81},[67,38039,38040],{"class":117},"function",[67,38042,89],{"class":81},[67,38044,38045],{"class":117}," iterable",[67,38047,144],{"class":81},[1109,38049,38050],{"id":38040},[17,38051,38040],{},[14,38053,38054],{},"This is the test function.",[25,38056,38057,38060],{},[28,38058,38059],{},"It receives one item at a time",[28,38061,38062,38063,3068,38065],{},"It should return ",[17,38064,3793],{},[17,38066,3863],{},[1109,38068,38069],{"id":3911},[17,38070,3911],{},[14,38072,38073],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,38075,38076],{},"It can be:",[25,38078,38079,38082,38085,38088,38091],{},[28,38080,38081],{},"a list",[28,38083,38084],{},"a tuple",[28,38086,38087],{},"a string",[28,38089,38090],{},"a set",[28,38092,38093],{},"another iterable object",[14,38095,38096],{},"Example with a tuple:",[58,38098,38100],{"className":60,"code":38099,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,38101,38102,38127,38131,38159],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,38103,38104,38106,38108,38110,38112,38114,38117,38119,38121,38123,38125],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,38105,74],{"class":73},[67,38107,78],{"class":77},[67,38109,9423],{"class":81},[67,38111,86],{"class":85},[67,38113,89],{"class":81},[67,38115,38116],{"class":85}," 15",[67,38118,89],{"class":81},[67,38120,92],{"class":85},[67,38122,89],{"class":81},[67,38124,9493],{"class":85},[67,38126,144],{"class":81},[67,38128,38129],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,38130,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,38132,38133,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,38134,2416],{"class":73},[67,38136,78],{"class":77},[67,38138,37834],{"class":134},[67,38140,138],{"class":81},[67,38142,37839],{"class":2254},[67,38144,37843],{"class":37842},[67,38146,1161],{"class":81},[67,38148,4071],{"class":117},[67,38150,5287],{"class":77},[67,38152,92],{"class":85},[67,38154,89],{"class":81},[67,38156,111],{"class":117},[67,38158,144],{"class":81},[67,38160,38161,38163,38165,38167,38169,38171],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,38162,135],{"class":134},[67,38164,138],{"class":81},[67,38166,363],{"class":362},[67,38168,138],{"class":81},[67,38170,2451],{"class":117},[67,38172,1426],{"class":81},[14,38174,159],{},[58,38176,38178],{"className":60,"code":38177,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[20, 25]\n",[17,38179,38180],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,38181,38182,38184,38186,38188,38190],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,38183,174],{"class":81},[67,38185,1843],{"class":85},[67,38187,89],{"class":81},[67,38189,9493],{"class":85},[67,38191,100],{"class":81},[14,38193,38194,38195,114],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[45,38196,5325],{"href":5778},[53,38198,38200],{"id":38199},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,38202,38203,38204,22164,38206,114],{},"In Python 3, ",[17,38205,37755],{},[3934,38207,38208],{},"filter object",[14,38210,38211],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[25,38213,38214,38217,38222],{},[28,38215,38216],{},"loop through it",[28,38218,38219,38220],{},"convert it with ",[17,38221,24969],{},[28,38223,38219,38224],{},[17,38225,38226],{},"tuple()",[14,38228,222],{},[58,38230,38232],{"className":60,"code":38231,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,38233,38234,38276,38280,38290,38304],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,38235,38236,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264,38266,38268,38270,38272,38274],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,38237,2416],{"class":73},[67,38239,78],{"class":77},[67,38241,37834],{"class":134},[67,38243,138],{"class":81},[67,38245,37839],{"class":2254},[67,38247,37843],{"class":37842},[67,38249,1161],{"class":81},[67,38251,4071],{"class":117},[67,38253,4441],{"class":77},[67,38255,3182],{"class":85},[67,38257,89],{"class":81},[67,38259,82],{"class":81},[67,38261,464],{"class":85},[67,38263,89],{"class":81},[67,38265,3182],{"class":85},[67,38267,89],{"class":81},[67,38269,2639],{"class":85},[67,38271,89],{"class":81},[67,38273,2645],{"class":85},[67,38275,376],{"class":81},[67,38277,38278],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,38279,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,38281,38282,38284,38286,38288],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,38283,135],{"class":134},[67,38285,138],{"class":81},[67,38287,2451],{"class":117},[67,38289,144],{"class":81},[67,38291,38292,38294,38296,38298,38300,38302],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,38293,135],{"class":134},[67,38295,138],{"class":81},[67,38297,2011],{"class":362},[67,38299,138],{"class":81},[67,38301,2451],{"class":117},[67,38303,1426],{"class":81},[67,38305,38306,38308,38310,38312,38314,38316],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,38307,135],{"class":134},[67,38309,138],{"class":81},[67,38311,363],{"class":362},[67,38313,138],{"class":81},[67,38315,2451],{"class":117},[67,38317,1426],{"class":81},[14,38319,159],{},[58,38321,38323],{"className":60,"code":38322,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[17,38324,38325,38339,38353],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,38326,38327,38329,38331,38333,38335,38337],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,38328,1397],{"class":77},[67,38330,37781],{"class":134},[67,38332,1531],{"class":362},[67,38334,37543],{"class":73},[67,38336,37550],{"class":34638},[67,38338,3491],{"class":77},[67,38340,38341,38343,38345,38347,38349,38351],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,38342,1397],{"class":77},[67,38344,3482],{"class":2254},[67,38346,342],{"class":239},[67,38348,37781],{"class":243},[67,38350,333],{"class":239},[67,38352,3491],{"class":77},[67,38354,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,38356,174],{"class":81},[67,38358,2251],{"class":85},[67,38360,89],{"class":81},[67,38362,2645],{"class":85},[67,38364,100],{"class":81},[14,38366,38367],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1109,38369,38371],{"id":38370},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38373,38374],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[58,38376,38378],{"className":60,"code":38377,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,38379,38380,38422,38426,38440],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,38381,38382,38384,38386,38388,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398,38400,38402,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,38383,2416],{"class":73},[67,38385,78],{"class":77},[67,38387,37834],{"class":134},[67,38389,138],{"class":81},[67,38391,37839],{"class":2254},[67,38393,37843],{"class":37842},[67,38395,1161],{"class":81},[67,38397,4071],{"class":117},[67,38399,4441],{"class":77},[67,38401,3182],{"class":85},[67,38403,89],{"class":81},[67,38405,82],{"class":81},[67,38407,464],{"class":85},[67,38409,89],{"class":81},[67,38411,3182],{"class":85},[67,38413,89],{"class":81},[67,38415,2639],{"class":85},[67,38417,89],{"class":81},[67,38419,2645],{"class":85},[67,38421,376],{"class":81},[67,38423,38424],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,38425,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,38427,38428,38430,38432,38434,38436,38438],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,38429,135],{"class":134},[67,38431,138],{"class":81},[67,38433,363],{"class":362},[67,38435,138],{"class":81},[67,38437,2451],{"class":117},[67,38439,1426],{"class":81},[67,38441,38442,38444,38446,38448,38450,38452],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,38443,135],{"class":134},[67,38445,138],{"class":81},[67,38447,363],{"class":362},[67,38449,138],{"class":81},[67,38451,2451],{"class":117},[67,38453,1426],{"class":81},[14,38455,159],{},[58,38457,38459],{"className":60,"code":38458,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[17,38460,38461,38473],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,38462,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,38464,174],{"class":81},[67,38466,2251],{"class":85},[67,38468,89],{"class":81},[67,38470,2645],{"class":85},[67,38472,100],{"class":81},[67,38474,38475],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,38476,38477],{"class":81},"[]\n",[14,38479,38480],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[53,38482,8604,38484,43,38486],{"id":38483},"using-filter-with-lambda",[17,38485,37755],{},[17,38487,37839],{},[14,38489,15376,38490,38492],{},[17,38491,37839],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38494,38495],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[58,38497,38499],{"className":60,"code":38498,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,38500,38501,38543,38547,38584],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,38502,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511,38513,38515,38517,38519,38522,38524,38526,38528,38530,38532,38534,38536,38539,38541],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,38504,4261],{"class":73},[67,38506,78],{"class":77},[67,38508,82],{"class":81},[67,38510,240],{"class":239},[67,38512,689],{"class":243},[67,38514,240],{"class":239},[67,38516,89],{"class":81},[67,38518,251],{"class":239},[67,38520,38521],{"class":243},"kiwi",[67,38523,240],{"class":239},[67,38525,89],{"class":81},[67,38527,251],{"class":239},[67,38529,698],{"class":243},[67,38531,240],{"class":239},[67,38533,89],{"class":81},[67,38535,251],{"class":239},[67,38537,38538],{"class":243},"fig",[67,38540,240],{"class":239},[67,38542,100],{"class":81},[67,38544,38545],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,38546,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,38548,38549,38551,38553,38555,38557,38559,38562,38564,38566,38568,38571,38573,38576,38578,38580,38582],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,38550,2416],{"class":73},[67,38552,78],{"class":77},[67,38554,37834],{"class":134},[67,38556,138],{"class":81},[67,38558,37839],{"class":2254},[67,38560,38561],{"class":37842}," word",[67,38563,1161],{"class":81},[67,38565,1400],{"class":134},[67,38567,138],{"class":81},[67,38569,38570],{"class":117},"word",[67,38572,3849],{"class":81},[67,38574,38575],{"class":77}," >",[67,38577,2645],{"class":85},[67,38579,89],{"class":81},[67,38581,6360],{"class":117},[67,38583,144],{"class":81},[67,38585,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,38587,135],{"class":134},[67,38589,138],{"class":81},[67,38591,363],{"class":362},[67,38593,138],{"class":81},[67,38595,2451],{"class":117},[67,38597,1426],{"class":81},[14,38599,159],{},[58,38601,38603],{"className":60,"code":38602,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[17,38604,38605],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,38606,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621,38623],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,38608,174],{"class":81},[67,38610,333],{"class":239},[67,38612,689],{"class":243},[67,38614,333],{"class":239},[67,38616,89],{"class":81},[67,38618,342],{"class":239},[67,38620,698],{"class":243},[67,38622,333],{"class":239},[67,38624,100],{"class":81},[14,38626,38627],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38629,38630,38631,114],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[45,38632,38634],{"href":38633},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[53,38636,8604,38638,38640],{"id":38637},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[17,38639,37755],{}," with a named function",[14,38642,38643,38644,114],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[17,38645,37839],{},[14,38647,38648],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[25,38650,38651,38654,38657],{},[28,38652,38653],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[28,38655,38656],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[28,38658,38659],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[58,38661,38663],{"className":60,"code":38662,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,38664,38665,38678,38693,38697,38729,38748,38752],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,38666,38667,38669,38672,38674,38676],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,38668,35036],{"class":2254},[67,38670,38671],{"class":35039}," is_even",[67,38673,138],{"class":81},[67,38675,2426],{"class":37842},[67,38677,1407],{"class":81},[67,38679,38680,38682,38684,38686,38688,38690],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,38681,35047],{"class":1167},[67,38683,6579],{"class":73},[67,38685,6595],{"class":77},[67,38687,3182],{"class":85},[67,38689,6600],{"class":77},[67,38691,38692],{"class":85}," 0\n",[67,38694,38695],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,38696,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,38698,38699,38701,38703,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,38700,74],{"class":73},[67,38702,78],{"class":77},[67,38704,82],{"class":81},[67,38706,464],{"class":85},[67,38708,89],{"class":81},[67,38710,3182],{"class":85},[67,38712,89],{"class":81},[67,38714,2639],{"class":85},[67,38716,89],{"class":81},[67,38718,2645],{"class":85},[67,38720,89],{"class":81},[67,38722,4794],{"class":85},[67,38724,89],{"class":81},[67,38726,37823],{"class":85},[67,38728,100],{"class":81},[67,38730,38731,38733,38735,38737,38739,38742,38744,38746],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,38732,2416],{"class":73},[67,38734,78],{"class":77},[67,38736,37834],{"class":134},[67,38738,138],{"class":81},[67,38740,38741],{"class":117},"is_even",[67,38743,89],{"class":81},[67,38745,111],{"class":117},[67,38747,144],{"class":81},[67,38749,38750],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,38751,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,38753,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,38755,135],{"class":134},[67,38757,138],{"class":81},[67,38759,363],{"class":362},[67,38761,138],{"class":81},[67,38763,2451],{"class":117},[67,38765,1426],{"class":81},[14,38767,159],{},[58,38769,38771],{"className":60,"code":38770,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[17,38772,38773],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,38774,38775,38777,38779,38781,38783,38785,38787],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,38776,174],{"class":81},[67,38778,2245],{"class":85},[67,38780,89],{"class":81},[67,38782,2645],{"class":85},[67,38784,89],{"class":81},[67,38786,37823],{"class":85},[67,38788,100],{"class":81},[14,38790,20959,38791,2584,38794,38796],{},[17,38792,38793],{},"is_even()",[17,38795,3793],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[53,38798,8604,38800,43,38802],{"id":38799},"using-none-with-filter",[17,38801,1103],{},[17,38803,37755],{},[14,38805,38806,38807,38809],{},"You can pass ",[17,38808,1103],{}," as the first argument:",[58,38811,38813],{"className":60,"code":38812,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[17,38814,38815],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,38816,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38827],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,38818,37781],{"class":134},[67,38820,138],{"class":81},[67,38822,1103],{"class":4043},[67,38824,89],{"class":81},[67,38826,38045],{"class":117},[67,38828,144],{"class":81},[14,38830,38831,38832,7531],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[3934,38833,5788],{},[14,38835,38836],{},"Falsy values include:",[25,38838,38839,38843,38848,38852],{},[28,38840,38841],{},[17,38842,1031],{},[28,38844,38845,38847],{},[17,38846,3965],{}," (empty string)",[28,38849,38850],{},[17,38851,1103],{},[28,38853,38854],{},[17,38855,3863],{},[14,38857,222],{},[58,38859,38861],{"className":60,"code":38860,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,38862,38863,38907,38911,38929],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,38864,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903,38905],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,38866,1131],{"class":73},[67,38868,78],{"class":77},[67,38870,82],{"class":81},[67,38872,1031],{"class":85},[67,38874,89],{"class":81},[67,38876,5689],{"class":85},[67,38878,89],{"class":81},[67,38880,6318],{"class":239},[67,38882,89],{"class":81},[67,38884,251],{"class":239},[67,38886,4036],{"class":243},[67,38888,240],{"class":239},[67,38890,89],{"class":81},[67,38892,4044],{"class":4043},[67,38894,89],{"class":81},[67,38896,4106],{"class":4043},[67,38898,89],{"class":81},[67,38900,4097],{"class":4043},[67,38902,89],{"class":81},[67,38904,4794],{"class":85},[67,38906,100],{"class":81},[67,38908,38909],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,38910,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,38912,38913,38915,38917,38919,38921,38923,38925,38927],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,38914,2416],{"class":73},[67,38916,78],{"class":77},[67,38918,37834],{"class":134},[67,38920,138],{"class":81},[67,38922,1103],{"class":4043},[67,38924,89],{"class":81},[67,38926,1220],{"class":117},[67,38928,144],{"class":81},[67,38930,38931,38933,38935,38937,38939,38941],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,38932,135],{"class":134},[67,38934,138],{"class":81},[67,38936,363],{"class":362},[67,38938,138],{"class":81},[67,38940,2451],{"class":117},[67,38942,1426],{"class":81},[14,38944,159],{},[58,38946,38948],{"className":60,"code":38947,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[17,38949,38950],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,38951,38952,38954,38956,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966,38968,38970,38972],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,38953,174],{"class":81},[67,38955,464],{"class":85},[67,38957,89],{"class":81},[67,38959,342],{"class":239},[67,38961,4036],{"class":243},[67,38963,333],{"class":239},[67,38965,89],{"class":81},[67,38967,4106],{"class":4043},[67,38969,89],{"class":81},[67,38971,4794],{"class":85},[67,38973,100],{"class":81},[14,38975,38976],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[53,38978,5151,38980],{"id":38979},"when-to-use-filter",[17,38981,37755],{},[14,38983,185,38984,38986],{},[17,38985,37755],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38988,38989],{},"It works well for:",[25,38991,38992,38995,38998],{},[28,38993,38994],{},"simple filtering rules",[28,38996,38997],{},"quick data cleaning",[28,38999,39000],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,39002,222],{},[58,39004,39006],{"className":60,"code":39005,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[17,39007,39008,39040,39073,39077],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39009,39010,39012,39014,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39011,74],{"class":73},[67,39013,78],{"class":77},[67,39015,82],{"class":81},[67,39017,464],{"class":85},[67,39019,89],{"class":81},[67,39021,3182],{"class":85},[67,39023,89],{"class":81},[67,39025,2639],{"class":85},[67,39027,89],{"class":81},[67,39029,2645],{"class":85},[67,39031,89],{"class":81},[67,39033,4794],{"class":85},[67,39035,89],{"class":81},[67,39037,37823],{"class":85},[67,39039,100],{"class":81},[67,39041,39042,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057,39059,39061,39063,39065,39067,39069,39071],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,39043,39044],{"class":73},"evens ",[67,39046,78],{"class":77},[67,39048,37834],{"class":134},[67,39050,138],{"class":81},[67,39052,37839],{"class":2254},[67,39054,37843],{"class":37842},[67,39056,1161],{"class":81},[67,39058,4071],{"class":117},[67,39060,6595],{"class":77},[67,39062,3182],{"class":85},[67,39064,6600],{"class":77},[67,39066,1388],{"class":85},[67,39068,89],{"class":81},[67,39070,111],{"class":117},[67,39072,144],{"class":81},[67,39074,39075],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,39076,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,39078,39079,39081,39083,39085,39087,39090],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,39080,135],{"class":134},[67,39082,138],{"class":81},[67,39084,363],{"class":362},[67,39086,138],{"class":81},[67,39088,39089],{"class":117},"evens",[67,39091,1426],{"class":81},[14,39093,159],{},[58,39095,39096],{"className":60,"code":38770,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,39097,39098],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39099,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110,39112],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39101,174],{"class":81},[67,39103,2245],{"class":85},[67,39105,89],{"class":81},[67,39107,2645],{"class":85},[67,39109,89],{"class":81},[67,39111,37823],{"class":85},[67,39113,100],{"class":81},[14,39115,39116,39117,39119],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[17,39118,6150],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[58,39121,39123],{"className":60,"code":39122,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[17,39124,39125,39157,39165,39169,39181,39197,39212,39216],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39126,39127,39129,39131,39133,39135,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39128,74],{"class":73},[67,39130,78],{"class":77},[67,39132,82],{"class":81},[67,39134,464],{"class":85},[67,39136,89],{"class":81},[67,39138,3182],{"class":85},[67,39140,89],{"class":81},[67,39142,2639],{"class":85},[67,39144,89],{"class":81},[67,39146,2645],{"class":85},[67,39148,89],{"class":81},[67,39150,4794],{"class":85},[67,39152,89],{"class":81},[67,39154,37823],{"class":85},[67,39156,100],{"class":81},[67,39158,39159,39161,39163],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,39160,39044],{"class":73},[67,39162,78],{"class":77},[67,39164,1136],{"class":81},[67,39166,39167],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,39168,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,39170,39171,39173,39175,39177,39179],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,39172,6150],{"class":1167},[67,39174,6579],{"class":73},[67,39176,4074],{"class":1167},[67,39178,111],{"class":73},[67,39180,1223],{"class":81},[67,39182,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39195],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,39184,6590],{"class":1167},[67,39186,6579],{"class":73},[67,39188,6595],{"class":77},[67,39190,3182],{"class":85},[67,39192,6600],{"class":77},[67,39194,1388],{"class":85},[67,39196,1223],{"class":81},[67,39198,39199,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,39200,39201],{"class":73},"        evens",[67,39203,114],{"class":81},[67,39205,13739],{"class":117},[67,39207,138],{"class":81},[67,39209,2426],{"class":117},[67,39211,144],{"class":81},[67,39213,39214],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,39215,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,39217,39218,39220,39222,39224],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,39219,135],{"class":134},[67,39221,138],{"class":81},[67,39223,39089],{"class":117},[67,39225,144],{"class":81},[14,39227,159],{},[58,39229,39230],{"className":60,"code":38770,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,39231,39232],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39233,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39235,174],{"class":81},[67,39237,2245],{"class":85},[67,39239,89],{"class":81},[67,39241,2645],{"class":85},[67,39243,89],{"class":81},[67,39245,37823],{"class":85},[67,39247,100],{"class":81},[14,39249,39250],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[58,39252,39254],{"className":60,"code":39253,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[17,39255,39256,39288,39321,39325],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39257,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272,39274,39276,39278,39280,39282,39284,39286],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39259,74],{"class":73},[67,39261,78],{"class":77},[67,39263,82],{"class":81},[67,39265,464],{"class":85},[67,39267,89],{"class":81},[67,39269,3182],{"class":85},[67,39271,89],{"class":81},[67,39273,2639],{"class":85},[67,39275,89],{"class":81},[67,39277,2645],{"class":85},[67,39279,89],{"class":81},[67,39281,4794],{"class":85},[67,39283,89],{"class":81},[67,39285,37823],{"class":85},[67,39287,100],{"class":81},[67,39289,39290,39292,39294,39296,39298,39300,39302,39304,39307,39309,39311,39313,39315,39317,39319],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,39291,39044],{"class":73},[67,39293,78],{"class":77},[67,39295,82],{"class":81},[67,39297,2403],{"class":73},[67,39299,6150],{"class":1167},[67,39301,6579],{"class":73},[67,39303,4074],{"class":1167},[67,39305,39306],{"class":73}," numbers ",[67,39308,1217],{"class":1167},[67,39310,6579],{"class":73},[67,39312,6595],{"class":77},[67,39314,3182],{"class":85},[67,39316,6600],{"class":77},[67,39318,1388],{"class":85},[67,39320,100],{"class":81},[67,39322,39323],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,39324,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,39326,39327,39329,39331,39333],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,39328,135],{"class":134},[67,39330,138],{"class":81},[67,39332,39089],{"class":117},[67,39334,144],{"class":81},[14,39336,159],{},[58,39338,39339],{"className":60,"code":38770,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,39340,39341],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39342,39343,39345,39347,39349,39351,39353,39355],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39344,174],{"class":81},[67,39346,2245],{"class":85},[67,39348,89],{"class":81},[67,39350,2645],{"class":85},[67,39352,89],{"class":81},[67,39354,37823],{"class":85},[67,39356,100],{"class":81},[14,39358,39359,39360,114],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[45,39361,39363],{"href":39362},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[53,39365,1907],{"id":1906},[14,39367,14920,39368,114],{},[17,39369,37755],{},[1109,39371,1930,39373,39375],{"id":39372},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[17,39374,37755],{}," to return a list",[14,39377,39378],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[58,39380,39382],{"className":60,"code":39381,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[17,39383,39384,39426],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39385,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418,39420,39422,39424],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39387,2416],{"class":73},[67,39389,78],{"class":77},[67,39391,37834],{"class":134},[67,39393,138],{"class":81},[67,39395,37839],{"class":2254},[67,39397,37843],{"class":37842},[67,39399,1161],{"class":81},[67,39401,4071],{"class":117},[67,39403,4441],{"class":77},[67,39405,3182],{"class":85},[67,39407,89],{"class":81},[67,39409,82],{"class":81},[67,39411,464],{"class":85},[67,39413,89],{"class":81},[67,39415,3182],{"class":85},[67,39417,89],{"class":81},[67,39419,2639],{"class":85},[67,39421,89],{"class":81},[67,39423,2645],{"class":85},[67,39425,376],{"class":81},[67,39427,39428,39430,39432,39434],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,39429,135],{"class":134},[67,39431,138],{"class":81},[67,39433,2451],{"class":117},[67,39435,144],{"class":81},[14,39437,39438],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39440,1177],{},[58,39442,39444],{"className":60,"code":39443,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,39445,39446,39488],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39447,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480,39482,39484,39486],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39449,2416],{"class":73},[67,39451,78],{"class":77},[67,39453,37834],{"class":134},[67,39455,138],{"class":81},[67,39457,37839],{"class":2254},[67,39459,37843],{"class":37842},[67,39461,1161],{"class":81},[67,39463,4071],{"class":117},[67,39465,4441],{"class":77},[67,39467,3182],{"class":85},[67,39469,89],{"class":81},[67,39471,82],{"class":81},[67,39473,464],{"class":85},[67,39475,89],{"class":81},[67,39477,3182],{"class":85},[67,39479,89],{"class":81},[67,39481,2639],{"class":85},[67,39483,89],{"class":81},[67,39485,2645],{"class":85},[67,39487,376],{"class":81},[67,39489,39490,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,39491,135],{"class":134},[67,39493,138],{"class":81},[67,39495,363],{"class":362},[67,39497,138],{"class":81},[67,39499,2451],{"class":117},[67,39501,1426],{"class":81},[1109,39503,39505,39506,3068,39508,39510],{"id":39504},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[17,39507,3793],{},[17,39509,3863],{}," clearly",[14,39512,39513],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39515,39516],{},"Good example:",[58,39518,39520],{"className":60,"code":39519,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[17,39521,39522,39535],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39523,39524,39526,39529,39531,39533],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39525,35036],{"class":2254},[67,39527,39528],{"class":35039}," is_positive",[67,39530,138],{"class":81},[67,39532,2426],{"class":37842},[67,39534,1407],{"class":81},[67,39536,39537,39539,39541,39543],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,39538,35047],{"class":1167},[67,39540,6579],{"class":73},[67,39542,4441],{"class":77},[67,39544,38692],{"class":85},[14,39546,39547],{},"Then use it with:",[58,39549,39551],{"className":60,"code":39550,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[17,39552,39553,39585],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39554,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571,39573,39575,39577,39579,39581,39583],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39556,74],{"class":73},[67,39558,78],{"class":77},[67,39560,82],{"class":81},[67,39562,869],{"class":77},[67,39564,2245],{"class":85},[67,39566,89],{"class":81},[67,39568,2408],{"class":77},[67,39570,464],{"class":85},[67,39572,89],{"class":81},[67,39574,1388],{"class":85},[67,39576,89],{"class":81},[67,39578,5689],{"class":85},[67,39580,89],{"class":81},[67,39582,3182],{"class":85},[67,39584,100],{"class":81},[67,39586,39587,39589,39591,39593,39595,39597,39599,39602,39604,39606],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,39588,135],{"class":134},[67,39590,138],{"class":81},[67,39592,363],{"class":362},[67,39594,138],{"class":81},[67,39596,37781],{"class":134},[67,39598,138],{"class":81},[67,39600,39601],{"class":117},"is_positive",[67,39603,89],{"class":81},[67,39605,111],{"class":117},[67,39607,3102],{"class":81},[14,39609,159],{},[58,39611,39613],{"className":60,"code":39612,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2]\n",[17,39614,39615],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39616,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39618,174],{"class":81},[67,39620,464],{"class":85},[67,39622,89],{"class":81},[67,39624,3182],{"class":85},[67,39626,100],{"class":81},[1109,39628,39630],{"id":39629},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39632,39633],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[58,39635,39636],{"className":60,"code":38377,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,39637,39638,39680,39684,39698],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39639,39640,39642,39644,39646,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656,39658,39660,39662,39664,39666,39668,39670,39672,39674,39676,39678],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39641,2416],{"class":73},[67,39643,78],{"class":77},[67,39645,37834],{"class":134},[67,39647,138],{"class":81},[67,39649,37839],{"class":2254},[67,39651,37843],{"class":37842},[67,39653,1161],{"class":81},[67,39655,4071],{"class":117},[67,39657,4441],{"class":77},[67,39659,3182],{"class":85},[67,39661,89],{"class":81},[67,39663,82],{"class":81},[67,39665,464],{"class":85},[67,39667,89],{"class":81},[67,39669,3182],{"class":85},[67,39671,89],{"class":81},[67,39673,2639],{"class":85},[67,39675,89],{"class":81},[67,39677,2645],{"class":85},[67,39679,376],{"class":81},[67,39681,39682],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,39683,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,39685,39686,39688,39690,39692,39694,39696],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,39687,135],{"class":134},[67,39689,138],{"class":81},[67,39691,363],{"class":362},[67,39693,138],{"class":81},[67,39695,2451],{"class":117},[67,39697,1426],{"class":81},[67,39699,39700,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,39701,135],{"class":134},[67,39703,138],{"class":81},[67,39705,363],{"class":362},[67,39707,138],{"class":81},[67,39709,2451],{"class":117},[67,39711,1426],{"class":81},[14,39713,159],{},[58,39715,39716],{"className":60,"code":38458,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,39717,39718,39730],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39719,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39721,174],{"class":81},[67,39723,2251],{"class":85},[67,39725,89],{"class":81},[67,39727,2645],{"class":85},[67,39729,100],{"class":81},[67,39731,39732],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,39733,38477],{"class":81},[14,39735,39736],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[58,39738,39740],{"className":60,"code":39739,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[17,39741,39742,39788,39792,39802],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39743,39744,39746,39748,39750,39752,39754,39756,39758,39760,39762,39764,39766,39768,39770,39772,39774,39776,39778,39780,39782,39784,39786],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39745,2416],{"class":73},[67,39747,78],{"class":77},[67,39749,22749],{"class":362},[67,39751,138],{"class":81},[67,39753,37781],{"class":134},[67,39755,138],{"class":81},[67,39757,37839],{"class":2254},[67,39759,37843],{"class":37842},[67,39761,1161],{"class":81},[67,39763,4071],{"class":117},[67,39765,4441],{"class":77},[67,39767,3182],{"class":85},[67,39769,89],{"class":81},[67,39771,82],{"class":81},[67,39773,464],{"class":85},[67,39775,89],{"class":81},[67,39777,3182],{"class":85},[67,39779,89],{"class":81},[67,39781,2639],{"class":85},[67,39783,89],{"class":81},[67,39785,2645],{"class":85},[67,39787,3189],{"class":81},[67,39789,39790],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,39791,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,39793,39794,39796,39798,39800],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,39795,135],{"class":134},[67,39797,138],{"class":81},[67,39799,2451],{"class":117},[67,39801,144],{"class":81},[67,39803,39804,39806,39808,39810],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,39805,135],{"class":134},[67,39807,138],{"class":81},[67,39809,2451],{"class":117},[67,39811,144],{"class":81},[1109,39813,39815],{"id":39814},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39817,39818],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39820,16831],{},[58,39822,39824],{"className":60,"code":39823,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[17,39825,39826],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39827,39828],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39829,39823],{"class":3852},[14,39831,39832,39833,6743],{},"This causes an error because ",[17,39834,86],{},[14,39836,16843],{},[58,39838,39840],{"className":60,"code":39839,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[17,39841,39842],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39843,39844,39846,39848,39850,39852,39854,39856,39858,39860,39862,39864,39866,39868,39870,39872,39874,39876,39878,39880,39882,39884,39886],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39845,135],{"class":134},[67,39847,138],{"class":81},[67,39849,363],{"class":362},[67,39851,138],{"class":81},[67,39853,37781],{"class":134},[67,39855,138],{"class":81},[67,39857,37839],{"class":2254},[67,39859,37843],{"class":37842},[67,39861,1161],{"class":81},[67,39863,4071],{"class":117},[67,39865,4441],{"class":77},[67,39867,3182],{"class":85},[67,39869,89],{"class":81},[67,39871,82],{"class":81},[67,39873,464],{"class":85},[67,39875,89],{"class":81},[67,39877,3182],{"class":85},[67,39879,89],{"class":81},[67,39881,2639],{"class":85},[67,39883,89],{"class":81},[67,39885,2645],{"class":85},[67,39887,37444],{"class":81},[1109,39889,1923,39891,43,39893],{"id":39890},"confusing-filter-with-map",[17,39892,37755],{},[17,39894,39895],{},"map()",[25,39897,39898,39903],{},[28,39899,39900,39902],{},[17,39901,37755],{}," keeps or removes items",[28,39904,39905,39907],{},[17,39906,39895],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39909,39910,39911,1161],{},"Example of ",[17,39912,37755],{},[58,39914,39916],{"className":60,"code":39915,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[17,39917,39918,39942],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39919,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938,39940],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39921,74],{"class":73},[67,39923,78],{"class":77},[67,39925,82],{"class":81},[67,39927,464],{"class":85},[67,39929,89],{"class":81},[67,39931,3182],{"class":85},[67,39933,89],{"class":81},[67,39935,2639],{"class":85},[67,39937,89],{"class":81},[67,39939,2645],{"class":85},[67,39941,100],{"class":81},[67,39943,39944,39946,39948,39950,39952,39954,39956,39958,39960,39962,39964,39966,39968,39970,39972],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,39945,135],{"class":134},[67,39947,138],{"class":81},[67,39949,363],{"class":362},[67,39951,138],{"class":81},[67,39953,37781],{"class":134},[67,39955,138],{"class":81},[67,39957,37839],{"class":2254},[67,39959,37843],{"class":37842},[67,39961,1161],{"class":81},[67,39963,4071],{"class":117},[67,39965,4441],{"class":77},[67,39967,3182],{"class":85},[67,39969,89],{"class":81},[67,39971,111],{"class":117},[67,39973,3102],{"class":81},[14,39975,159],{},[58,39977,39979],{"className":60,"code":39978,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[3, 4]\n",[17,39980,39981],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,39982,39983,39985,39987,39989,39991],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,39984,174],{"class":81},[67,39986,2251],{"class":85},[67,39988,89],{"class":81},[67,39990,2645],{"class":85},[67,39992,100],{"class":81},[14,39994,39910,39995,1161],{},[17,39996,39895],{},[58,39998,40000],{"className":60,"code":39999,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[17,40001,40002,40026],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40003,40004,40006,40008,40010,40012,40014,40016,40018,40020,40022,40024],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40005,74],{"class":73},[67,40007,78],{"class":77},[67,40009,82],{"class":81},[67,40011,464],{"class":85},[67,40013,89],{"class":81},[67,40015,3182],{"class":85},[67,40017,89],{"class":81},[67,40019,2639],{"class":85},[67,40021,89],{"class":81},[67,40023,2645],{"class":85},[67,40025,100],{"class":81},[67,40027,40028,40030,40032,40034,40036,40039,40041,40043,40045,40047,40049,40052,40054,40056,40058],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,40029,135],{"class":134},[67,40031,138],{"class":81},[67,40033,363],{"class":362},[67,40035,138],{"class":81},[67,40037,40038],{"class":134},"map",[67,40040,138],{"class":81},[67,40042,37839],{"class":2254},[67,40044,37843],{"class":37842},[67,40046,1161],{"class":81},[67,40048,4071],{"class":117},[67,40050,40051],{"class":77},"*",[67,40053,3182],{"class":85},[67,40055,89],{"class":81},[67,40057,111],{"class":117},[67,40059,3102],{"class":81},[14,40061,159],{},[58,40063,40065],{"className":60,"code":40064,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[17,40066,40067],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40068,40069,40071,40073,40075,40077,40079,40081,40083,40085],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40070,174],{"class":81},[67,40072,2245],{"class":85},[67,40074,89],{"class":81},[67,40076,2645],{"class":85},[67,40078,89],{"class":81},[67,40080,37823],{"class":85},[67,40082,89],{"class":81},[67,40084,6552],{"class":85},[67,40086,100],{"class":81},[14,40088,40089,40090,114],{},"For the related function, see ",[45,40091,3764,40093,3697],{"href":40092},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[17,40094,39895],{},[53,40096,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,40098,12894,40100,40102],{"id":40099},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[17,40101,37755],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,40104,40105,40106,40108],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[17,40107,24969],{}," if needed.",[1109,40110,40112,40113,40115],{"id":40111},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[17,40114,37755],{}," need to return?",[14,40117,38062,40118,40120,40121,40123],{},[17,40119,3793],{}," to keep an item and ",[17,40122,3863],{}," to remove it.",[1109,40125,28516,40127,40129],{"id":40126},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[17,40128,37755],{}," without lambda?",[14,40131,40132],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1109,40134,5331,40136,40139],{"id":40135},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[17,40137,40138],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,40141,40142,40143,40145,40146,17260,40148,114],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[17,40144,1031],{},", empty strings, ",[17,40147,1103],{},[17,40149,3863],{},[1109,40151,21609,40153,40155],{"id":40152},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[17,40154,37755],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,40157,40158,40159,40161],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[17,40160,6150],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,40163,40164],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[25,40166,40167,40173,40179],{},[28,40168,40169,40170,40172],{},"use ",[17,40171,37755],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[28,40174,40175,40176,40178],{},"use a ",[17,40177,6150],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[28,40180,40181],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,40183,40184,40185,114],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[45,40186,5321],{"href":40187},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[53,40189,2094],{"id":2093},[25,40191,40192,40197,40201,40206,40212],{},[28,40193,40194],{},[45,40195,40196],{"href":38633},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[28,40198,40199],{},[45,40200,5411],{"href":40187},[28,40202,40203],{},[45,40204,40205],{"href":39362},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[28,40207,40208],{},[45,40209,3764,40210,3697],{"href":40092},[17,40211,39895],{},[28,40213,40214],{},[45,40215,5406],{"href":5778},[2122,40217,40218],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":40220},[40221,40222,40224,40228,40231,40233,40235,40237,40239,40249,40261],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":37889,"depth":103,"text":40223},"What filter() does",{"id":38023,"depth":103,"text":38024,"children":40225},[40226,40227],{"id":38040,"depth":124,"text":38040},{"id":3911,"depth":124,"text":3911},{"id":38199,"depth":103,"text":38200,"children":40229},[40230],{"id":38370,"depth":124,"text":38371},{"id":38483,"depth":103,"text":40232},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38637,"depth":103,"text":40234},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38799,"depth":103,"text":40236},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38979,"depth":103,"text":40238},"When to use filter()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":40240},[40241,40243,40245,40246,40247],{"id":39372,"depth":124,"text":40242},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39504,"depth":124,"text":40244},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39629,"depth":124,"text":39630},{"id":39814,"depth":124,"text":39815},{"id":39890,"depth":124,"text":40248},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":40250},[40251,40253,40255,40257,40259],{"id":40099,"depth":124,"text":40252},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40111,"depth":124,"text":40254},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40126,"depth":124,"text":40256},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40135,"depth":124,"text":40258},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40152,"depth":124,"text":40260},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37747,"description":40262},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40269,"title":40270,"body":40271,"description":42424,"extension":2153,"meta":42425,"navigation":127,"path":42426,"seo":42427,"stem":42428,"__hash__":42429},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40272,"toc":42378},[40273,40276,40281,40287,40289,40341,40343,40362,40367,40371,40376,40379,40394,40397,40419,40421,40470,40472,40496,40498,40500,40515,40520,40528,40543,40545,40554,40557,40592,40596,40601,40605,40612,40647,40649,40665,40669,40672,40713,40715,40729,40733,40736,40760,40762,40771,40775,40778,40811,40813,40826,40830,40836,40855,40857,40865,40869,40874,40878,40884,40907,40909,40938,40941,40960,40964,40967,40994,40996,41030,41034,41037,41061,41065,41076,41078,41083,41089,41091,41175,41177,41219,41222,41226,41233,41242,41298,41305,41314,41319,41323,41394,41396,41405,41409,41412,41456,41458,41467,41471,41477,41527,41531,41536,41540,41564,41566,41575,41579,41603,41605,41616,41620,41644,41646,41655,41658,41675,41681,41685,41691,41694,41699,41702,41723,41725,41757,41760,41765,41767,41778,41780,41824,41828,41835,41887,41889,41898,41902,41905,41998,42001,42025,42029,42032,42124,42129,42133,42140,42145,42169,42171,42180,42185,42208,42210,42218,42225,42248,42256,42258,42271,42281,42283,42287,42294,42298,42307,42311,42318,42322,42326,42330,42343,42345,42375],[10,40274,40270],{"id":40275},"python-float-function-explained",[14,40277,9309,40278,40280],{},[17,40279,3074],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,40282,40283,40284,40286],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[17,40285,3074],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[53,40288,56],{"id":55},[58,40290,40292],{"className":60,"code":40291,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[17,40293,40294,40308,40327],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40295,40296,40298,40300,40302,40304,40306],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40297,135],{"class":134},[67,40299,138],{"class":81},[67,40301,2379],{"class":362},[67,40303,138],{"class":81},[67,40305,1308],{"class":85},[67,40307,1426],{"class":81},[67,40309,40310,40312,40314,40316,40318,40320,40323,40325],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,40311,135],{"class":134},[67,40313,138],{"class":81},[67,40315,2379],{"class":362},[67,40317,138],{"class":81},[67,40319,240],{"class":239},[67,40321,40322],{"class":243},"3.14",[67,40324,240],{"class":239},[67,40326,1426],{"class":81},[67,40328,40329,40331,40333,40335,40337,40339],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,40330,135],{"class":134},[67,40332,138],{"class":81},[67,40334,2379],{"class":362},[67,40336,138],{"class":81},[67,40338,3793],{"class":4043},[67,40340,1426],{"class":81},[14,40342,159],{},[58,40344,40346],{"className":60,"code":40345,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[17,40347,40348,40352,40357],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40349,40350],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40351,2668],{"class":85},[67,40353,40354],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,40355,40356],{"class":85},"3.14\n",[67,40358,40359],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,40360,40361],{"class":85},"1.0\n",[14,40363,185,40364,40366],{},[17,40365,3074],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[53,40368,40370],{"id":40369},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,40372,40373,40375],{},[17,40374,3074],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,40377,40378],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[25,40380,40381,40385,40389],{},[28,40382,40383],{},[17,40384,2680],{},[28,40386,40387],{},[17,40388,40322],{},[28,40390,40391],{},[17,40392,40393],{},"0.5",[14,40395,40396],{},"A few key points:",[25,40398,40399,40406,40409,40412],{},[28,40400,40401,40403,40404],{},[17,40402,3074],{}," returns a value of type ",[17,40405,2379],{},[28,40407,40408],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[28,40410,40411],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[28,40413,40414,40415],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[45,40416,40417],{"href":8407},[17,40418,3148],{},[14,40420,222],{},[58,40422,40424],{"className":60,"code":40423,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,40425,40426,40446,40456],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40427,40428,40430,40432,40435,40437,40439,40442,40444],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40429,2403],{"class":73},[67,40431,78],{"class":77},[67,40433,40434],{"class":362}," float",[67,40436,138],{"class":81},[67,40438,240],{"class":239},[67,40440,40441],{"class":243},"2.75",[67,40443,240],{"class":239},[67,40445,144],{"class":81},[67,40447,40448,40450,40452,40454],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,40449,135],{"class":134},[67,40451,138],{"class":81},[67,40453,2426],{"class":117},[67,40455,144],{"class":81},[67,40457,40458,40460,40462,40464,40466,40468],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,40459,135],{"class":134},[67,40461,138],{"class":81},[67,40463,2011],{"class":362},[67,40465,138],{"class":81},[67,40467,2426],{"class":117},[67,40469,1426],{"class":81},[14,40471,159],{},[58,40473,40475],{"className":60,"code":40474,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[17,40476,40477,40482],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40478,40479],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40480,40481],{"class":85},"2.75\n",[67,40483,40484,40486,40488,40490,40492,40494],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,40485,1397],{"class":77},[67,40487,3482],{"class":2254},[67,40489,342],{"class":239},[67,40491,2379],{"class":243},[67,40493,333],{"class":239},[67,40495,3491],{"class":77},[53,40497,352],{"id":351},[14,40499,7409],{},[58,40501,40503],{"className":60,"code":40502,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"float(value)\n",[17,40504,40505],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40506,40507,40509,40511,40513],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40508,2379],{"class":362},[67,40510,138],{"class":81},[67,40512,2661],{"class":117},[67,40514,144],{"class":81},[14,40516,40517,40518,114],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[17,40519,3074],{},[14,40521,40522,40523,40525,40526,1161],{},"If you call ",[17,40524,3074],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[17,40527,3960],{},[58,40529,40531],{"className":60,"code":40530,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(float())\n",[17,40532,40533],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40534,40535,40537,40539,40541],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40536,135],{"class":134},[67,40538,138],{"class":81},[67,40540,2379],{"class":362},[67,40542,1239],{"class":81},[14,40544,159],{},[58,40546,40548],{"className":60,"code":40547,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"0.0\n",[17,40549,40550],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40551,40552],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40553,40547],{"class":85},[14,40555,40556],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[58,40558,40560],{"className":60,"code":40559,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[17,40561,40562,40582],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40563,40564,40567,40569,40571,40573,40575,40578,40580],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40565,40566],{"class":73},"price ",[67,40568,78],{"class":77},[67,40570,40434],{"class":362},[67,40572,138],{"class":81},[67,40574,240],{"class":239},[67,40576,40577],{"class":243},"19.99",[67,40579,240],{"class":239},[67,40581,144],{"class":81},[67,40583,40584,40586,40588,40590],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,40585,135],{"class":134},[67,40587,138],{"class":81},[67,40589,25338],{"class":117},[67,40591,144],{"class":81},[53,40593,40595],{"id":40594},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40597,40598,40600],{},[17,40599,3074],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1109,40602,40604],{"id":40603},"integers","Integers",[14,40606,40607,40608,40611],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[17,40609,40610],{},".0"," added:",[58,40613,40615],{"className":60,"code":40614,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[17,40616,40617,40631],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40618,40619,40621,40623,40625,40627,40629],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40620,135],{"class":134},[67,40622,138],{"class":81},[67,40624,2379],{"class":362},[67,40626,138],{"class":81},[67,40628,1308],{"class":85},[67,40630,1426],{"class":81},[67,40632,40633,40635,40637,40639,40641,40643,40645],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,40634,135],{"class":134},[67,40636,138],{"class":81},[67,40638,2379],{"class":362},[67,40640,138],{"class":81},[67,40642,869],{"class":77},[67,40644,2245],{"class":85},[67,40646,1426],{"class":81},[14,40648,159],{},[58,40650,40652],{"className":60,"code":40651,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[17,40653,40654,40658],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40655,40656],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40657,2668],{"class":85},[67,40659,40660,40662],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,40661,869],{"class":77},[67,40663,40664],{"class":85},"2.0\n",[1109,40666,40668],{"id":40667},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40670,40671],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[58,40673,40675],{"className":60,"code":40674,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[17,40676,40677,40695],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40678,40679,40681,40683,40685,40687,40689,40691,40693],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40680,135],{"class":134},[67,40682,138],{"class":81},[67,40684,2379],{"class":362},[67,40686,138],{"class":81},[67,40688,240],{"class":239},[67,40690,40322],{"class":243},[67,40692,240],{"class":239},[67,40694,1426],{"class":81},[67,40696,40697,40699,40701,40703,40705,40707,40709,40711],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,40698,135],{"class":134},[67,40700,138],{"class":81},[67,40702,2379],{"class":362},[67,40704,138],{"class":81},[67,40706,240],{"class":239},[67,40708,86],{"class":243},[67,40710,240],{"class":239},[67,40712,1426],{"class":81},[14,40714,159],{},[58,40716,40718],{"className":60,"code":40717,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"3.14\n10.0\n",[17,40719,40720,40724],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40721,40722],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40723,40356],{"class":85},[67,40725,40726],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,40727,40728],{"class":85},"10.0\n",[1109,40730,40732],{"id":40731},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40734,40735],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[58,40737,40739],{"className":60,"code":40738,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[17,40740,40741],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40742,40743,40745,40747,40749,40751,40753,40756,40758],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40744,135],{"class":134},[67,40746,138],{"class":81},[67,40748,2379],{"class":362},[67,40750,138],{"class":81},[67,40752,240],{"class":239},[67,40754,40755],{"class":243},"  8.5  ",[67,40757,240],{"class":239},[67,40759,1426],{"class":81},[14,40761,159],{},[58,40763,40765],{"className":60,"code":40764,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"8.5\n",[17,40766,40767],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40768,40769],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40770,40764],{"class":85},[1109,40772,40774],{"id":40773},"booleans","Booleans",[14,40776,40777],{},"Boolean values also work:",[58,40779,40781],{"className":60,"code":40780,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[17,40782,40783,40797],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40784,40785,40787,40789,40791,40793,40795],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40786,135],{"class":134},[67,40788,138],{"class":81},[67,40790,2379],{"class":362},[67,40792,138],{"class":81},[67,40794,3793],{"class":4043},[67,40796,1426],{"class":81},[67,40798,40799,40801,40803,40805,40807,40809],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,40800,135],{"class":134},[67,40802,138],{"class":81},[67,40804,2379],{"class":362},[67,40806,138],{"class":81},[67,40808,3863],{"class":4043},[67,40810,1426],{"class":81},[14,40812,159],{},[58,40814,40816],{"className":60,"code":40815,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"1.0\n0.0\n",[17,40817,40818,40822],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40819,40820],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40821,40361],{"class":85},[67,40823,40824],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,40825,40547],{"class":85},[1109,40827,40829],{"id":40828},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40831,40832,40833,40835],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[17,40834,3074],{}," returns a float version of it:",[58,40837,40839],{"className":60,"code":40838,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(float(4.2))\n",[17,40840,40841],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40842,40843,40845,40847,40849,40851,40853],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40844,135],{"class":134},[67,40846,138],{"class":81},[67,40848,2379],{"class":362},[67,40850,138],{"class":81},[67,40852,2549],{"class":85},[67,40854,1426],{"class":81},[14,40856,159],{},[58,40858,40859],{"className":60,"code":2573,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,40860,40861],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40862,40863],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40864,2573],{"class":85},[53,40866,40868],{"id":40867},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40870,40871,40872,114],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[17,40873,3074],{},[1109,40875,40877],{"id":40876},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40879,40880,40881,1161],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[17,40882,40883],{},"ValueError",[58,40885,40887],{"className":60,"code":40886,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[17,40888,40889],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40890,40891,40893,40895,40897,40899,40901,40903,40905],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40892,135],{"class":134},[67,40894,138],{"class":81},[67,40896,2379],{"class":362},[67,40898,138],{"class":81},[67,40900,240],{"class":239},[67,40902,4036],{"class":243},[67,40904,240],{"class":239},[67,40906,1426],{"class":81},[14,40908,29868],{},[58,40910,40912],{"className":60,"code":40911,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[17,40913,40914],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40915,40916,40918,40920,40923,40925,40928,40930,40932,40934,40936],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40917,40883],{"class":362},[67,40919,1161],{"class":81},[67,40921,40922],{"class":73}," could ",[67,40924,4820],{"class":77},[67,40926,40927],{"class":73}," convert string to ",[67,40929,2379],{"class":362},[67,40931,1161],{"class":81},[67,40933,342],{"class":239},[67,40935,4036],{"class":243},[67,40937,29887],{"class":239},[14,40939,40940],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[58,40942,40944],{"className":60,"code":40943,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[17,40945,40946],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40947,40948,40950,40952,40954,40956,40958],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40949,135],{"class":134},[67,40951,138],{"class":81},[67,40953,2379],{"class":362},[67,40955,138],{"class":81},[67,40957,6464],{"class":239},[67,40959,1426],{"class":81},[1109,40961,40963],{"id":40962},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40965,40966],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[58,40968,40970],{"className":60,"code":40969,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[17,40971,40972],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,40973,40974,40976,40978,40980,40982,40984,40986,40988,40990,40992],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,40975,135],{"class":134},[67,40977,138],{"class":81},[67,40979,2379],{"class":362},[67,40981,370],{"class":81},[67,40983,464],{"class":85},[67,40985,89],{"class":81},[67,40987,3182],{"class":85},[67,40989,89],{"class":81},[67,40991,2639],{"class":85},[67,40993,3189],{"class":81},[14,40995,29868],{},[58,40997,40999],{"className":60,"code":40998,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[17,41000,41001],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41002,41003,41005,41007,41009,41011,41014,41017,41020,41022,41024,41026,41028],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41004,1519],{"class":362},[67,41006,1161],{"class":81},[67,41008,40434],{"class":362},[67,41010,7557],{"class":81},[67,41012,41013],{"class":73}," argument must be a string ",[67,41015,41016],{"class":77},"or",[67,41018,41019],{"class":73}," a real number",[67,41021,89],{"class":81},[67,41023,8287],{"class":77},[67,41025,342],{"class":239},[67,41027,363],{"class":243},[67,41029,29887],{"class":239},[1109,41031,41033],{"id":41032},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,41035,41036],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[58,41038,41040],{"className":60,"code":41039,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[17,41041,41042],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41043,41044,41046,41048,41050,41052,41054,41057,41059],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41045,135],{"class":134},[67,41047,138],{"class":81},[67,41049,2379],{"class":362},[67,41051,138],{"class":81},[67,41053,240],{"class":239},[67,41055,41056],{"class":243},"3,14",[67,41058,240],{"class":239},[67,41060,1426],{"class":81},[14,41062,3192,41063,114],{},[17,41064,40883],{},[14,41066,41067,41068,961,41072,114],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[45,41069,41071],{"href":41070},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[45,41073,41075],{"href":41074},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[53,41077,17607],{"id":17606},[14,41079,41080,41082],{},[17,41081,3074],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,41084,41085,41086,41088],{},"It does ",[3934,41087,4820],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,41090,222],{},[58,41092,41094],{"className":60,"code":41093,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,41095,41096,41109,41123,41127,41137,41147,41161],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41097,41098,41100,41102,41104,41107],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41099,34873],{"class":73},[67,41101,78],{"class":77},[67,41103,251],{"class":239},[67,41105,41106],{"class":243},"6.5",[67,41108,3547],{"class":239},[67,41110,41111,41113,41115,41117,41119,41121],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,41112,2403],{"class":73},[67,41114,78],{"class":77},[67,41116,40434],{"class":362},[67,41118,138],{"class":81},[67,41120,34894],{"class":117},[67,41122,144],{"class":81},[67,41124,41125],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,41126,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,41128,41129,41131,41133,41135],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,41130,135],{"class":134},[67,41132,138],{"class":81},[67,41134,34894],{"class":117},[67,41136,144],{"class":81},[67,41138,41139,41141,41143,41145],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,41140,135],{"class":134},[67,41142,138],{"class":81},[67,41144,2426],{"class":117},[67,41146,144],{"class":81},[67,41148,41149,41151,41153,41155,41157,41159],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,41150,135],{"class":134},[67,41152,138],{"class":81},[67,41154,2011],{"class":362},[67,41156,138],{"class":81},[67,41158,34894],{"class":117},[67,41160,1426],{"class":81},[67,41162,41163,41165,41167,41169,41171,41173],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,41164,135],{"class":134},[67,41166,138],{"class":81},[67,41168,2011],{"class":362},[67,41170,138],{"class":81},[67,41172,2426],{"class":117},[67,41174,1426],{"class":81},[14,41176,159],{},[58,41178,41180],{"className":60,"code":41179,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[17,41181,41182,41187,41191,41205],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41183,41184],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41185,41186],{"class":85},"6.5\n",[67,41188,41189],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,41190,41186],{"class":85},[67,41192,41193,41195,41197,41199,41201,41203],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,41194,1397],{"class":77},[67,41196,3482],{"class":2254},[67,41198,342],{"class":239},[67,41200,1526],{"class":243},[67,41202,333],{"class":239},[67,41204,3491],{"class":77},[67,41206,41207,41209,41211,41213,41215,41217],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,41208,1397],{"class":77},[67,41210,3482],{"class":2254},[67,41212,342],{"class":239},[67,41214,2379],{"class":243},[67,41216,333],{"class":239},[67,41218,3491],{"class":77},[14,41220,41221],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[53,41223,41225],{"id":41224},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1109,41227,41229,41230,41232],{"id":41228},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[17,41231,3148],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,41234,379,41235,41239,41240,114],{},[45,41236,41237,2490],{"href":8407},[17,41238,3148],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[17,41241,3074],{},[58,41243,41245],{"className":60,"code":41244,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[17,41246,41247,41266,41280,41284],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41248,41249,41251,41253,41255,41257,41259,41262,41264],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41250,8425],{"class":73},[67,41252,78],{"class":77},[67,41254,8430],{"class":134},[67,41256,138],{"class":81},[67,41258,240],{"class":239},[67,41260,41261],{"class":243},"Enter a price: ",[67,41263,240],{"class":239},[67,41265,144],{"class":81},[67,41267,41268,41270,41272,41274,41276,41278],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,41269,40566],{"class":73},[67,41271,78],{"class":77},[67,41273,40434],{"class":362},[67,41275,138],{"class":81},[67,41277,8454],{"class":117},[67,41279,144],{"class":81},[67,41281,41282],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,41283,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,41285,41286,41288,41290,41292,41294,41296],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,41287,135],{"class":134},[67,41289,138],{"class":81},[67,41291,40566],{"class":117},[67,41293,40051],{"class":77},[67,41295,3182],{"class":85},[67,41297,144],{"class":81},[14,41299,41300,41301,41304],{},"If the user enters ",[17,41302,41303],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[58,41306,41308],{"className":60,"code":41307,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"9.0\n",[17,41309,41310],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41311,41312],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41313,41307],{"class":85},[14,41315,41316,41317,114],{},"For more help with this, see ",[45,41318,9167],{"href":9166},[1109,41320,41322],{"id":41321},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[58,41324,41326],{"className":60,"code":41325,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[17,41327,41328,41341,41354,41358,41383],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41329,41330,41332,41334,41336,41339],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41331,2744],{"class":73},[67,41333,78],{"class":77},[67,41335,251],{"class":239},[67,41337,41338],{"class":243},"2.5",[67,41340,3547],{"class":239},[67,41342,41343,41345,41347,41349,41352],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,41344,2772],{"class":73},[67,41346,78],{"class":77},[67,41348,251],{"class":239},[67,41350,41351],{"class":243},"1.5",[67,41353,3547],{"class":239},[67,41355,41356],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,41357,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,41359,41360,41363,41365,41367,41369,41371,41373,41375,41377,41379,41381],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,41361,41362],{"class":73},"total ",[67,41364,78],{"class":77},[67,41366,40434],{"class":362},[67,41368,138],{"class":81},[67,41370,45],{"class":117},[67,41372,3849],{"class":81},[67,41374,2642],{"class":77},[67,41376,40434],{"class":362},[67,41378,138],{"class":81},[67,41380,428],{"class":117},[67,41382,144],{"class":81},[67,41384,41385,41387,41389,41392],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,41386,135],{"class":134},[67,41388,138],{"class":81},[67,41390,41391],{"class":117},"total",[67,41393,144],{"class":81},[14,41395,159],{},[58,41397,41399],{"className":60,"code":41398,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"4.0\n",[17,41400,41401],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41402,41403],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41404,41398],{"class":85},[1109,41406,41408],{"id":41407},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41410,41411],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[58,41413,41415],{"className":60,"code":41414,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,41416,41417,41427,41442,41446],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41418,41419,41422,41424],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41420,41421],{"class":73},"count ",[67,41423,78],{"class":77},[67,41425,41426],{"class":85}," 7\n",[67,41428,41429,41431,41433,41435,41437,41440],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,41430,2416],{"class":73},[67,41432,78],{"class":77},[67,41434,40434],{"class":362},[67,41436,138],{"class":81},[67,41438,41439],{"class":117},"count",[67,41441,144],{"class":81},[67,41443,41444],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,41445,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,41447,41448,41450,41452,41454],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,41449,135],{"class":134},[67,41451,138],{"class":81},[67,41453,2451],{"class":117},[67,41455,144],{"class":81},[14,41457,159],{},[58,41459,41461],{"className":60,"code":41460,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"7.0\n",[17,41462,41463],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41464,41465],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41466,41460],{"class":85},[1109,41468,41470],{"id":41469},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41472,41473,41474,41476],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[17,41475,3074],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[58,41478,41480],{"className":60,"code":41479,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[17,41481,41482,41496,41512,41516],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41483,41484,41487,41489,41491,41494],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41485,41486],{"class":73},"temperature_text ",[67,41488,78],{"class":77},[67,41490,251],{"class":239},[67,41492,41493],{"class":243},"21.8",[67,41495,3547],{"class":239},[67,41497,41498,41501,41503,41505,41507,41510],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,41499,41500],{"class":73},"temperature ",[67,41502,78],{"class":77},[67,41504,40434],{"class":362},[67,41506,138],{"class":81},[67,41508,41509],{"class":117},"temperature_text",[67,41511,144],{"class":81},[67,41513,41514],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,41515,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,41517,41518,41520,41522,41525],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,41519,135],{"class":134},[67,41521,138],{"class":81},[67,41523,41524],{"class":117},"temperature",[67,41526,144],{"class":81},[53,41528,41530],{"id":41529},"special-values","Special values",[14,41532,41533,41535],{},[17,41534,3074],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1109,41537,41539],{"id":41538},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[58,41541,41543],{"className":60,"code":41542,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[17,41544,41545],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41546,41547,41549,41551,41553,41555,41557,41560,41562],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41548,135],{"class":134},[67,41550,138],{"class":81},[67,41552,2379],{"class":362},[67,41554,138],{"class":81},[67,41556,240],{"class":239},[67,41558,41559],{"class":243},"inf",[67,41561,240],{"class":239},[67,41563,1426],{"class":81},[14,41565,159],{},[58,41567,41569],{"className":60,"code":41568,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"inf\n",[17,41570,41571],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41572,41573],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41574,41568],{"class":73},[1109,41576,41578],{"id":41577},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[58,41580,41582],{"className":60,"code":41581,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[17,41583,41584],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41585,41586,41588,41590,41592,41594,41596,41599,41601],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41587,135],{"class":134},[67,41589,138],{"class":81},[67,41591,2379],{"class":362},[67,41593,138],{"class":81},[67,41595,240],{"class":239},[67,41597,41598],{"class":243},"-inf",[67,41600,240],{"class":239},[67,41602,1426],{"class":81},[14,41604,159],{},[58,41606,41608],{"className":60,"code":41607,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"-inf\n",[17,41609,41610],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41611,41612,41614],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41613,869],{"class":77},[67,41615,41568],{"class":73},[1109,41617,41619],{"id":41618},"not-a-number","Not a number",[58,41621,41623],{"className":60,"code":41622,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[17,41624,41625],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41626,41627,41629,41631,41633,41635,41637,41640,41642],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41628,135],{"class":134},[67,41630,138],{"class":81},[67,41632,2379],{"class":362},[67,41634,138],{"class":81},[67,41636,240],{"class":239},[67,41638,41639],{"class":243},"nan",[67,41641,240],{"class":239},[67,41643,1426],{"class":81},[14,41645,159],{},[58,41647,41649],{"className":60,"code":41648,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"nan\n",[17,41650,41651],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41652,41653],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41654,41648],{"class":73},[14,41656,41657],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[25,41659,41660,41665,41670],{},[28,41661,41662,41664],{},[17,41663,41559],{}," means positive infinity",[28,41666,41667,41669],{},[17,41668,41598],{}," means negative infinity",[28,41671,41672,41674],{},[17,41673,41639],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41676,41677,41678,41680],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[17,41679,3074],{}," accepts them.",[53,41682,41684],{"id":41683},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41686,41687,41688,41690],{},"The most common problems with ",[17,41689,3074],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1109,41692,40883],{"id":41693},"valueerror",[14,41695,15376,41696,41698],{},[17,41697,40883],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41700,41701],{},"Common causes:",[25,41703,41704,41710,41713,41716],{},[28,41705,41706,41707],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[17,41708,41709],{},"\"abc\"",[28,41711,41712],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[28,41714,41715],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[28,41717,4894,41718],{},[45,41719,41720,41722],{"href":8407},[17,41721,3148],{}," returns a string",[14,41724,222],{},[58,41726,41728],{"className":60,"code":41727,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[17,41729,41730,41743],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41731,41732,41734,41736,41738,41741],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41733,2634],{"class":73},[67,41735,78],{"class":77},[67,41737,251],{"class":239},[67,41739,41740],{"class":243},"abc",[67,41742,3547],{"class":239},[67,41744,41745,41747,41749,41751,41753,41755],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,41746,135],{"class":134},[67,41748,138],{"class":81},[67,41750,2379],{"class":362},[67,41752,138],{"class":81},[67,41754,2661],{"class":117},[67,41756,1426],{"class":81},[1109,41758,1519],{"id":41759},"typeerror",[14,41761,15376,41762,41764],{},[17,41763,1519],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41766,41701],{},[25,41768,41769,41772,41775],{},[28,41770,41771],{},"Passing a list",[28,41773,41774],{},"Passing a dictionary",[28,41776,41777],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41779,222],{},[58,41781,41783],{"className":60,"code":41782,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[17,41784,41785,41810],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41786,41787,41789,41791,41793,41795,41797,41799,41801,41803,41806,41808],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41788,2634],{"class":73},[67,41790,78],{"class":77},[67,41792,10678],{"class":81},[67,41794,240],{"class":239},[67,41796,25338],{"class":243},[67,41798,240],{"class":239},[67,41800,1161],{"class":81},[67,41802,251],{"class":239},[67,41804,41805],{"class":243},"9.99",[67,41807,240],{"class":239},[67,41809,9496],{"class":81},[67,41811,41812,41814,41816,41818,41820,41822],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,41813,135],{"class":134},[67,41815,138],{"class":81},[67,41817,2379],{"class":362},[67,41819,138],{"class":81},[67,41821,2661],{"class":117},[67,41823,1426],{"class":81},[1109,41825,41827],{"id":41826},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41829,41830,41831,41834],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[17,41832,41833],{},"strip()"," can help:",[58,41836,41838],{"className":60,"code":41837,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[17,41839,41840,41853,41868,41872],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41841,41842,41844,41846,41848,41851],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41843,2634],{"class":73},[67,41845,78],{"class":77},[67,41847,251],{"class":239},[67,41849,41850],{"class":243},"  7.25  ",[67,41852,3547],{"class":239},[67,41854,41855,41858,41860,41862,41864,41866],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,41856,41857],{"class":73},"clean_value ",[67,41859,78],{"class":77},[67,41861,8620],{"class":73},[67,41863,114],{"class":81},[67,41865,8821],{"class":117},[67,41867,121],{"class":81},[67,41869,41870],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,41871,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,41873,41874,41876,41878,41880,41882,41885],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,41875,135],{"class":134},[67,41877,138],{"class":81},[67,41879,2379],{"class":362},[67,41881,138],{"class":81},[67,41883,41884],{"class":117},"clean_value",[67,41886,1426],{"class":81},[14,41888,159],{},[58,41890,41892],{"className":60,"code":41891,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"7.25\n",[17,41893,41894],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41895,41896],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41897,41891],{"class":85},[1109,41899,41901],{"id":41900},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41903,41904],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[58,41906,41908],{"className":60,"code":41907,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[17,41909,41910,41923,41927,41937,41951,41966,41970,41984],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,41911,41912,41914,41916,41918,41921],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,41913,2634],{"class":73},[67,41915,78],{"class":77},[67,41917,251],{"class":239},[67,41919,41920],{"class":243}," 3.5 ",[67,41922,3547],{"class":239},[67,41924,41925],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,41926,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,41928,41929,41931,41933,41935],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,41930,135],{"class":134},[67,41932,138],{"class":81},[67,41934,2661],{"class":117},[67,41936,144],{"class":81},[67,41938,41939,41941,41943,41945,41947,41949],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,41940,135],{"class":134},[67,41942,138],{"class":81},[67,41944,2011],{"class":362},[67,41946,138],{"class":81},[67,41948,2661],{"class":117},[67,41950,1426],{"class":81},[67,41952,41953,41955,41957,41960,41962,41964],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,41954,135],{"class":134},[67,41956,138],{"class":81},[67,41958,41959],{"class":134},"repr",[67,41961,138],{"class":81},[67,41963,2661],{"class":117},[67,41965,1426],{"class":81},[67,41967,41968],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,41969,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,41971,41972,41974,41976,41978,41980,41982],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,41973,41857],{"class":73},[67,41975,78],{"class":77},[67,41977,8620],{"class":73},[67,41979,114],{"class":81},[67,41981,8821],{"class":117},[67,41983,121],{"class":81},[67,41985,41986,41988,41990,41992,41994,41996],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,41987,135],{"class":134},[67,41989,138],{"class":81},[67,41991,2379],{"class":362},[67,41993,138],{"class":81},[67,41995,41884],{"class":117},[67,41997,1426],{"class":81},[14,41999,42000],{},"Why this helps:",[25,42002,42003,42009,42014,42020],{},[28,42004,42005,42008],{},[17,42006,42007],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[28,42010,42011,21556],{},[17,42012,42013],{},"print(type(value))",[28,42015,42016,42019],{},[17,42017,42018],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[28,42021,42022,42024],{},[17,42023,41833],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1109,42026,42028],{"id":42027},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,42030,42031],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[58,42033,42035],{"className":60,"code":42034,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[17,42036,42037,42056,42060,42066,42081,42100,42109],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42038,42039,42041,42043,42045,42047,42049,42052,42054],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42040,2634],{"class":73},[67,42042,78],{"class":77},[67,42044,8430],{"class":134},[67,42046,138],{"class":81},[67,42048,240],{"class":239},[67,42050,42051],{"class":243},"Enter a number: ",[67,42053,240],{"class":239},[67,42055,144],{"class":81},[67,42057,42058],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,42059,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,42061,42062,42064],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,42063,1190],{"class":1167},[67,42065,1223],{"class":81},[67,42067,42068,42071,42073,42075,42077,42079],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,42069,42070],{"class":73},"    number ",[67,42072,78],{"class":77},[67,42074,40434],{"class":362},[67,42076,138],{"class":81},[67,42078,2661],{"class":117},[67,42080,144],{"class":81},[67,42082,42083,42085,42087,42089,42092,42094,42096,42098],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,42084,1228],{"class":134},[67,42086,138],{"class":81},[67,42088,240],{"class":239},[67,42090,42091],{"class":243},"Converted:",[67,42093,240],{"class":239},[67,42095,89],{"class":81},[67,42097,2383],{"class":117},[67,42099,144],{"class":81},[67,42101,42102,42104,42107],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,42103,1193],{"class":1167},[67,42105,42106],{"class":362}," ValueError",[67,42108,1223],{"class":81},[67,42110,42111,42113,42115,42117,42120,42122],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,42112,1228],{"class":134},[67,42114,138],{"class":81},[67,42116,240],{"class":239},[67,42118,42119],{"class":243},"That is not a valid number.",[67,42121,240],{"class":239},[67,42123,144],{"class":81},[14,42125,42126,42127,114],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[45,42128,41075],{"href":41074},[53,42130,42132],{"id":42131},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,42134,10778,42135,961,42137,42139],{},[17,42136,3074],{},[17,42138,3067],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,42141,42142,42144],{},[17,42143,3074],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[58,42146,42148],{"className":60,"code":42147,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[17,42149,42150],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42151,42152,42154,42156,42158,42160,42162,42165,42167],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42153,135],{"class":134},[67,42155,138],{"class":81},[67,42157,2379],{"class":362},[67,42159,138],{"class":81},[67,42161,240],{"class":239},[67,42163,42164],{"class":243},"3.9",[67,42166,240],{"class":239},[67,42168,1426],{"class":81},[14,42170,159],{},[58,42172,42174],{"className":60,"code":42173,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"3.9\n",[17,42175,42176],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42177,42178],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42179,42173],{"class":85},[14,42181,42182,42184],{},[17,42183,3067],{}," creates whole numbers:",[58,42186,42188],{"className":60,"code":42187,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[17,42189,42190],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42191,42192,42194,42196,42198,42200,42202,42204,42206],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42193,135],{"class":134},[67,42195,138],{"class":81},[67,42197,2376],{"class":362},[67,42199,138],{"class":81},[67,42201,240],{"class":239},[67,42203,86],{"class":243},[67,42205,240],{"class":239},[67,42207,1426],{"class":81},[14,42209,159],{},[58,42211,42212],{"className":60,"code":2563,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,42213,42214],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42215,42216],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42217,2563],{"class":85},[14,42219,42220,42221,42224],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[17,42222,42223],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[58,42226,42228],{"className":60,"code":42227,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[17,42229,42230],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42231,42232,42234,42236,42238,42240,42242,42244,42246],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42233,135],{"class":134},[67,42235,138],{"class":81},[67,42237,2376],{"class":362},[67,42239,138],{"class":81},[67,42241,240],{"class":239},[67,42243,42164],{"class":243},[67,42245,240],{"class":239},[67,42247,1426],{"class":81},[14,42249,3192,42250,8788,42252,42255],{},[17,42251,40883],{},[17,42253,42254],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,42257,10900],{},[25,42259,42260,42266],{},[28,42261,42262,42265],{},[17,42263,42264],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[28,42267,42268,42270],{},[17,42269,42223],{}," fails",[14,42272,42273,42274,42277,42278,42280],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[45,42275,42276],{"href":3064},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[45,42279,2607],{"href":2606}," helpful.",[53,42282,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,42284,42286],{"id":42285},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,42288,42289,42290,3068,42292,114],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[17,42291,2680],{},[17,42293,40322],{},[1109,42295,42297],{"id":42296},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,42299,42300,42301,3068,42304,114],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[17,42302,42303],{},"\"2.5\"",[17,42305,42306],{},"\"10\"",[1109,42308,42310],{"id":42309},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,42312,29248,42313,42315,42316,114],{},[17,42314,41709],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[17,42317,40883],{},[1109,42319,42321],{"id":42320},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,42323,5337,42324,114],{},[17,42325,3960],{},[1109,42327,42329],{"id":42328},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,42331,42332,42333,42335,42336,961,42339,42335,42341,114],{},"Yes. ",[17,42334,3793],{}," becomes ",[17,42337,42338],{},"1.0",[17,42340,3863],{},[17,42342,3960],{},[53,42344,2094],{"id":2093},[25,42346,42347,42351,42357,42362,42366,42370],{},[28,42348,42349],{},[45,42350,42276],{"href":3064},[28,42352,42353],{},[45,42354,42356],{"href":42355},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[28,42358,42359],{},[45,42360,42361],{"href":41070},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[28,42363,42364],{},[45,42365,9244],{"href":9166},[28,42367,42368],{},[45,42369,41075],{"href":41074},[28,42371,42372],{},[45,42373,42374],{"href":8407},"Python input() Function Explained",[2122,42376,42377],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":42379},[42380,42381,42382,42383,42390,42395,42396,42403,42408,42415,42416,42423],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":40369,"depth":103,"text":40370},{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":40594,"depth":103,"text":40595,"children":42384},[42385,42386,42387,42388,42389],{"id":40603,"depth":124,"text":40604},{"id":40667,"depth":124,"text":40668},{"id":40731,"depth":124,"text":40732},{"id":40773,"depth":124,"text":40774},{"id":40828,"depth":124,"text":40829},{"id":40867,"depth":103,"text":40868,"children":42391},[42392,42393,42394],{"id":40876,"depth":124,"text":40877},{"id":40962,"depth":124,"text":40963},{"id":41032,"depth":124,"text":41033},{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607},{"id":41224,"depth":103,"text":41225,"children":42397},[42398,42400,42401,42402],{"id":41228,"depth":124,"text":42399},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41321,"depth":124,"text":41322},{"id":41407,"depth":124,"text":41408},{"id":41469,"depth":124,"text":41470},{"id":41529,"depth":103,"text":41530,"children":42404},[42405,42406,42407],{"id":41538,"depth":124,"text":41539},{"id":41577,"depth":124,"text":41578},{"id":41618,"depth":124,"text":41619},{"id":41683,"depth":103,"text":41684,"children":42409},[42410,42411,42412,42413,42414],{"id":41693,"depth":124,"text":40883},{"id":41759,"depth":124,"text":1519},{"id":41826,"depth":124,"text":41827},{"id":41900,"depth":124,"text":41901},{"id":42027,"depth":124,"text":42028},{"id":42131,"depth":103,"text":42132},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":42417},[42418,42419,42420,42421,42422],{"id":42285,"depth":124,"text":42286},{"id":42296,"depth":124,"text":42297},{"id":42309,"depth":124,"text":42310},{"id":42320,"depth":124,"text":42321},{"id":42328,"depth":124,"text":42329},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40270,"description":42424},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42431,"title":42432,"body":42433,"description":43653,"extension":2153,"meta":43654,"navigation":127,"path":35209,"seo":43655,"stem":43656,"__hash__":43657},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42434,"toc":43619},[42435,42438,42443,42446,42448,42487,42501,42505,42510,42513,42530,42533,42542,42557,42560,42562,42565,42581,42584,42587,42607,42611,42622,42625,42629,42633,42647,42682,42686,42697,42732,42735,42737,42745,42778,42794,42796,42806,42827,42838,42840,42845,42848,42862,42864,42883,42886,42899,42902,42906,42910,42924,42927,42945,42948,42963,42967,42972,42986,42992,42994,43051,43053,43086,43089,43105,43109,43116,43120,43125,43128,43139,43143,43148,43163,43172,43177,43196,43199,43211,43213,43218,43228,43231,43260,43265,43274,43278,43283,43286,43290,43295,43297,43327,43330,43337,43342,43347,43351,43354,43362,43365,43443,43446,43468,43470,43474,43477,43481,43487,43550,43554,43562,43566,43569,43571,43596,43616],[10,42436,42432],{"id":42437},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42439,3771,42440,42442],{},[17,42441,35212],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42444,42445],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[53,42447,56],{"id":55},[58,42449,42451],{"className":60,"code":42450,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[17,42452,42453,42463,42473],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42454,42455,42457,42459,42461],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42456,32337],{"class":134},[67,42458,138],{"class":81},[67,42460,1964],{"class":134},[67,42462,144],{"class":81},[67,42464,42465,42467,42469,42471],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,42466,32337],{"class":134},[67,42468,138],{"class":81},[67,42470,1526],{"class":362},[67,42472,144],{"class":81},[67,42474,42475,42477,42479,42481,42483,42485],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,42476,32337],{"class":134},[67,42478,138],{"class":81},[67,42480,333],{"class":239},[67,42482,34844],{"class":243},[67,42484,333],{"class":239},[67,42486,144],{"class":81},[14,42488,185,42489,42491,42492,3068,42494,42496,42497,42500],{},[17,42490,35212],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[17,42493,1964],{},[17,42495,1526],{},", or use a string such as ",[17,42498,42499],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[53,42502,42504],{"id":42503},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42506,42507,42509],{},[17,42508,35212],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42511,42512],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[25,42514,42515,42518,42521,42524,42527],{},[28,42516,42517],{},"Functions",[28,42519,42520],{},"Classes",[28,42522,42523],{},"Methods",[28,42525,42526],{},"Modules",[28,42528,42529],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42531,42532],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42534,42535,42536,42541],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[45,42537,42539],{"href":42538},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[17,42540,1339],{}," works, you can ask Python directly:",[58,42543,42545],{"className":60,"code":42544,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"help(len)\n",[17,42546,42547],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42548,42549,42551,42553,42555],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42550,32337],{"class":134},[67,42552,138],{"class":81},[67,42554,1964],{"class":134},[67,42556,144],{"class":81},[14,42558,42559],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[53,42561,352],{"id":351},[14,42563,42564],{},"The main form is:",[58,42566,42568],{"className":60,"code":42567,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"help(object)\n",[17,42569,42570],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42571,42572,42574,42576,42579],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42573,32337],{"class":134},[67,42575,138],{"class":81},[67,42577,42578],{"class":362},"object",[67,42580,144],{"class":81},[14,42582,42583],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42585,42586],{},"Common examples include:",[25,42588,42589,42593,42598,42602],{},[28,42590,42591],{},[17,42592,1964],{},[28,42594,42595],{},[17,42596,42597],{},"list.append",[28,42599,42600],{},[17,42601,1526],{},[28,42603,42604],{},[17,42605,42606],{},"open",[14,42608,7367,42609,7370],{},[17,42610,35212],{},[58,42612,42614],{"className":60,"code":42613,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"help()\n",[17,42615,42616],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42617,42618,42620],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42619,32337],{"class":134},[67,42621,121],{"class":81},[14,42623,42624],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[53,42626,42628],{"id":42627},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1109,42630,42632],{"id":42631},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42634,42635,42636,1550,42638,1550,42640,17260,42643,114],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[17,42637,1964],{},[17,42639,135],{},[17,42641,42642],{},"input",[45,42644,42645],{"href":2486},[17,42646,2489],{},[58,42648,42650],{"className":60,"code":42649,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[17,42651,42652,42662,42672],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42653,42654,42656,42658,42660],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42655,32337],{"class":134},[67,42657,138],{"class":81},[67,42659,135],{"class":134},[67,42661,144],{"class":81},[67,42663,42664,42666,42668,42670],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,42665,32337],{"class":134},[67,42667,138],{"class":81},[67,42669,42642],{"class":134},[67,42671,144],{"class":81},[67,42673,42674,42676,42678,42680],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,42675,32337],{"class":134},[67,42677,138],{"class":81},[67,42679,2011],{"class":362},[67,42681,144],{"class":81},[1109,42683,42685],{"id":42684},"data-types","Data types",[14,42687,42688,42689,1550,42691,1550,42693,17260,42695,114],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[17,42690,1526],{},[17,42692,363],{},[17,42694,9007],{},[17,42696,6479],{},[58,42698,42700],{"className":60,"code":42699,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[17,42701,42702,42712,42722],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42703,42704,42706,42708,42710],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42705,32337],{"class":134},[67,42707,138],{"class":81},[67,42709,1526],{"class":362},[67,42711,144],{"class":81},[67,42713,42714,42716,42718,42720],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,42715,32337],{"class":134},[67,42717,138],{"class":81},[67,42719,363],{"class":362},[67,42721,144],{"class":81},[67,42723,42724,42726,42728,42730],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,42725,32337],{"class":134},[67,42727,138],{"class":81},[67,42729,9007],{"class":362},[67,42731,144],{"class":81},[14,42733,42734],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1109,42736,42523],{"id":34691},[14,42738,42739,42740,961,42743,114],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[17,42741,42742],{},"str.split",[17,42744,42597],{},[58,42746,42748],{"className":60,"code":42747,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[17,42749,42750,42764],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42751,42752,42754,42756,42758,42760,42762],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42753,32337],{"class":134},[67,42755,138],{"class":81},[67,42757,1526],{"class":362},[67,42759,114],{"class":81},[67,42761,34654],{"class":24938},[67,42763,144],{"class":81},[67,42765,42766,42768,42770,42772,42774,42776],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,42767,32337],{"class":134},[67,42769,138],{"class":81},[67,42771,363],{"class":362},[67,42773,114],{"class":81},[67,42775,13739],{"class":24938},[67,42777,144],{"class":81},[14,42779,42780,42781,43,42783,28501,42788,42790,42791,42793],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[17,42782,35212],{},[45,42784,42786],{"href":42785},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[17,42787,34496],{},[17,42789,34496],{}," shows available names, while ",[17,42792,35212],{}," explains one of them.",[1109,42795,42526],{"id":34844},[14,42797,42798,42799,1550,42801,17260,42803,114],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[17,42800,18604],{},[17,42802,35375],{},[17,42804,42805],{},"os",[58,42807,42809],{"className":60,"code":42808,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[17,42810,42811,42817],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42812,42813,42815],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42814,35276],{"class":1167},[67,42816,35279],{"class":73},[67,42818,42819,42821,42823,42825],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,42820,32337],{"class":134},[67,42822,138],{"class":81},[67,42824,18604],{"class":117},[67,42826,144],{"class":81},[14,42828,42829,42830,42834,42835,114],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[45,42831,42833],{"href":42832},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[45,42836,35342],{"href":42837},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[53,42839,35103],{"id":35102},[14,42841,42842,42844],{},[17,42843,35212],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42846,42847],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[25,42849,42850,42853,42856,42859],{},[28,42851,42852],{},"The function signature",[28,42854,42855],{},"The short description",[28,42857,42858],{},"Parameter names",[28,42860,42861],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42863,5663],{},[58,42865,42867],{"className":60,"code":42866,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"help(str.split)\n",[17,42868,42869],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42870,42871,42873,42875,42877,42879,42881],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42872,32337],{"class":134},[67,42874,138],{"class":81},[67,42876,1526],{"class":362},[67,42878,114],{"class":81},[67,42880,34654],{"class":24938},[67,42882,144],{"class":81},[14,42884,42885],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[25,42887,42888,42891,42894,42896],{},[28,42889,42890],{},"What object this is",[28,42892,42893],{},"What arguments it accepts",[28,42895,22159],{},[28,42897,42898],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42900,42901],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[53,42903,42905],{"id":42904},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42907,42908,30059],{},[17,42909,35212],{},[25,42911,42912,42915,42918,42921],{},[28,42913,42914],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[28,42916,42917],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[28,42919,42920],{},"You are exploring a new module",[28,42922,42923],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42925,42926],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[58,42928,42929],{"className":60,"code":42866,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,42930,42931],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42932,42933,42935,42937,42939,42941,42943],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42934,32337],{"class":134},[67,42936,138],{"class":81},[67,42938,1526],{"class":362},[67,42940,114],{"class":81},[67,42942,34654],{"class":24938},[67,42944,144],{"class":81},[14,42946,42947],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[58,42949,42951],{"className":60,"code":42950,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"help(open)\n",[17,42952,42953],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,42954,42955,42957,42959,42961],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,42956,32337],{"class":134},[67,42958,138],{"class":81},[67,42960,42606],{"class":134},[67,42962,144],{"class":81},[53,42964,42966],{"id":42965},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42968,42969,42971],{},[17,42970,35212],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[25,42973,42974,42977,42980,42983],{},[28,42975,42976],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[28,42978,42979],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[28,42981,42982],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[28,42984,42985],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42987,42988,42989,42991],{},"So, ",[17,42990,35212],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42993,5663],{},[58,42995,42997],{"className":60,"code":42996,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[17,42998,42999,43012,43036,43040],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,43000,43001,43003,43005,43007,43010],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,43002,34873],{"class":73},[67,43004,78],{"class":77},[67,43006,251],{"class":239},[67,43008,43009],{"class":243},"a,b,c",[67,43011,3547],{"class":239},[67,43013,43014,43017,43019,43022,43024,43026,43028,43030,43032,43034],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,43015,43016],{"class":73},"parts ",[67,43018,78],{"class":77},[67,43020,43021],{"class":73}," text",[67,43023,114],{"class":81},[67,43025,34654],{"class":117},[67,43027,138],{"class":81},[67,43029,240],{"class":239},[67,43031,89],{"class":243},[67,43033,240],{"class":239},[67,43035,144],{"class":81},[67,43037,43038],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,43039,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,43041,43042,43044,43046,43049],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,43043,135],{"class":134},[67,43045,138],{"class":81},[67,43047,43048],{"class":117},"parts",[67,43050,144],{"class":81},[14,43052,5751],{},[58,43054,43056],{"className":60,"code":43055,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[17,43057,43058],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,43059,43060,43062,43064,43066,43068,43070,43072,43074,43076,43078,43080,43082,43084],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,43061,174],{"class":81},[67,43063,333],{"class":239},[67,43065,45],{"class":243},[67,43067,333],{"class":239},[67,43069,89],{"class":81},[67,43071,342],{"class":239},[67,43073,428],{"class":243},[67,43075,333],{"class":239},[67,43077,89],{"class":81},[67,43079,342],{"class":239},[67,43081,437],{"class":243},[67,43083,333],{"class":239},[67,43085,100],{"class":81},[14,43087,43088],{},"A good workflow is:",[28900,43090,43091,43096,43099,43102],{},[28,43092,185,43093,43095],{},[17,43094,35212],{}," to inspect something",[28,43097,43098],{},"Write a tiny example",[28,43100,43101],{},"Check the result",[28,43103,43104],{},"Repeat",[53,43106,43108],{"id":43107},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,43110,43111,961,43113,43115],{},[17,43112,35212],{},[17,43114,34496],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1109,43117,43118],{"id":32337},[17,43119,35212],{},[14,43121,185,43122,43124],{},[17,43123,35212],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,43126,43127],{},"It tells you:",[25,43129,43130,43133,43136],{},[28,43131,43132],{},"What something is",[28,43134,43135],{},"How to use it",[28,43137,43138],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1109,43140,43141],{"id":34557},[17,43142,34496],{},[14,43144,185,43145,43147],{},[17,43146,34496],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[58,43149,43151],{"className":60,"code":43150,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dir(str)\n",[17,43152,43153],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,43154,43155,43157,43159,43161],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,43156,34557],{"class":134},[67,43158,138],{"class":81},[67,43160,1526],{"class":362},[67,43162,144],{"class":81},[14,43164,43165,43166,1550,43168,17260,43170,114],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[17,43167,34654],{},[17,43169,8821],{},[17,43171,8827],{},[14,43173,43174,43175,1161],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[17,43176,35212],{},[58,43178,43180],{"className":60,"code":43179,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"help(str.lower)\n",[17,43181,43182],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,43183,43184,43186,43188,43190,43192,43194],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,43185,32337],{"class":134},[67,43187,138],{"class":81},[67,43189,1526],{"class":362},[67,43191,114],{"class":81},[67,43193,8827],{"class":24938},[67,43195,144],{"class":81},[14,43197,43198],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[25,43200,43201,43206],{},[28,43202,185,43203,43205],{},[17,43204,34496],{}," to discover options",[28,43207,185,43208,43210],{},[17,43209,35212],{}," to understand one option",[53,43212,1907],{"id":1906},[14,43214,43215,43216,114],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[17,43217,35212],{},[1109,43219,8604,43221,43224,43225],{"id":43220},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[17,43222,43223],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[17,43226,43227],{},"help(len)",[14,43229,43230],{},"These are not always the same.",[58,43232,43234],{"className":60,"code":43233,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[17,43235,43236,43246],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,43237,43238,43240,43242,43244],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,43239,32337],{"class":134},[67,43241,138],{"class":81},[67,43243,1964],{"class":134},[67,43245,144],{"class":81},[67,43247,43248,43250,43252,43254,43256,43258],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,43249,32337],{"class":134},[67,43251,138],{"class":81},[67,43253,333],{"class":239},[67,43255,1964],{"class":243},[67,43257,333],{"class":239},[67,43259,144],{"class":81},[14,43261,43262,43264],{},[17,43263,43227],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,43266,43267,43269,43270,43273],{},[17,43268,43223],{}," treats ",[17,43271,43272],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1109,43275,43277],{"id":43276},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,43279,43280,43282],{},[17,43281,35212],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,43284,43285],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1109,43287,43289],{"id":43288},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,43291,40522,43292,43294],{},[17,43293,35212],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,43296,222],{},[58,43298,43300],{"className":60,"code":43299,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[17,43301,43302,43312],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,43303,43304,43306,43308,43310],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,43305,32337],{"class":134},[67,43307,138],{"class":81},[67,43309,1964],{"class":134},[67,43311,144],{"class":81},[67,43313,43314,43316,43318,43320,43323,43325],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,43315,135],{"class":134},[67,43317,138],{"class":81},[67,43319,240],{"class":239},[67,43321,43322],{"class":243},"Done",[67,43324,240],{"class":239},[67,43326,144],{"class":81},[14,43328,43329],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1109,43331,1923,43333,43,43335],{"id":43332},"confusing-help-with-dir",[17,43334,35212],{},[17,43336,34496],{},[14,43338,43339,43340,114],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[17,43341,34496],{},[14,43343,43344,43345,114],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[17,43346,35212],{},[53,43348,43350],{"id":43349},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43352,43353],{},"Open Python:",[58,43355,43356],{"className":60,"code":35728,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,43357,43358],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,43359,43360],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,43361,35728],{"class":73},[14,43363,43364],{},"Then test these commands:",[58,43366,43368],{"className":60,"code":43367,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[17,43369,43370,43380,43394,43408,43418,43433],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,43371,43372,43374,43376,43378],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,43373,32337],{"class":134},[67,43375,138],{"class":81},[67,43377,1964],{"class":134},[67,43379,144],{"class":81},[67,43381,43382,43384,43386,43388,43390,43392],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,43383,32337],{"class":134},[67,43385,138],{"class":81},[67,43387,1526],{"class":362},[67,43389,114],{"class":81},[67,43391,34654],{"class":24938},[67,43393,144],{"class":81},[67,43395,43396,43398,43400,43402,43404,43406],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,43397,32337],{"class":134},[67,43399,138],{"class":81},[67,43401,363],{"class":362},[67,43403,114],{"class":81},[67,43405,13739],{"class":24938},[67,43407,144],{"class":81},[67,43409,43410,43412,43414,43416],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,43411,32337],{"class":134},[67,43413,138],{"class":81},[67,43415,42606],{"class":134},[67,43417,144],{"class":81},[67,43419,43420,43422,43424,43426,43429,43431],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,43421,32337],{"class":134},[67,43423,138],{"class":81},[67,43425,333],{"class":239},[67,43427,43428],{"class":243},"keywords",[67,43430,333],{"class":239},[67,43432,144],{"class":81},[67,43434,43435,43437,43439,43441],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,43436,34557],{"class":134},[67,43438,138],{"class":81},[67,43440,1526],{"class":362},[67,43442,144],{"class":81},[14,43444,43445],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[25,43447,43448,43451,43454,43457,43460,43463],{},[28,43449,43450],{},"A built-in function",[28,43452,43453],{},"A string method",[28,43455,43456],{},"A list method",[28,43458,43459],{},"A built-in file function",[28,43461,43462],{},"A special help topic",[28,43464,15376,43465,43467],{},[17,43466,34496],{}," example for comparison",[53,43469,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,43471,43473],{"id":43472},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43475,43476],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1109,43478,43480],{"id":43479},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43482,43483,43484,43486],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[17,43485,35212],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[58,43488,43490],{"className":60,"code":43489,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[17,43491,43492,43504,43517,43536,43540],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,43493,43494,43496,43498,43500,43502],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,43495,35036],{"class":2254},[67,43497,35040],{"class":35039},[67,43499,138],{"class":81},[67,43501,7860],{"class":37842},[67,43503,1407],{"class":81},[67,43505,43506,43510,43514],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,43507,43509],{"class":43508},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[67,43511,43513],{"class":43512},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[67,43515,43516],{"class":43508},"\"\"\"\n",[67,43518,43519,43521,43524,43527,43529,43531,43533],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,43520,35047],{"class":1167},[67,43522,43523],{"class":2254}," f",[67,43525,43526],{"class":243},"\"Hello, ",[67,43528,9465],{"class":85},[67,43530,7860],{"class":73},[67,43532,22492],{"class":85},[67,43534,43535],{"class":243},"!\"\n",[67,43537,43538],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,43539,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,43541,43542,43544,43546,43548],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,43543,32337],{"class":134},[67,43545,138],{"class":81},[67,43547,35082],{"class":117},[67,43549,144],{"class":81},[1109,43551,43553],{"id":43552},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43555,43556,43558,43559,43561],{},[17,43557,43227],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[17,43560,43223],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1109,43563,43565],{"id":43564},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43567,43568],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[53,43570,2094],{"id":2093},[25,43572,43573,43578,43582,43587,43592],{},[28,43574,43575],{},[45,43576,43577],{"href":42785},"Python dir() function explained",[28,43579,43580],{},[45,43581,8629],{"href":2486},[28,43583,43584],{},[45,43585,43586],{"href":42538},"Python len() function explained",[28,43588,43589],{},[45,43590,43591],{"href":42832},"How import works in Python",[28,43593,43594],{},[45,43595,35342],{"href":42837},[14,43597,43598,43599,43601,43602,1550,43604,17260,43606,43608,43609,3068,43612,43615],{},"Try ",[17,43600,35212],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[17,43603,1964],{},[17,43605,135],{},[17,43607,42642],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[17,43610,43611],{},"dir(str)",[17,43613,43614],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2122,43617,43618],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":43620},[43621,43622,43623,43624,43630,43631,43632,43633,43637,43645,43646,43652],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":42503,"depth":103,"text":42504},{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":42627,"depth":103,"text":42628,"children":43625},[43626,43627,43628,43629],{"id":42631,"depth":124,"text":42632},{"id":42684,"depth":124,"text":42685},{"id":34691,"depth":124,"text":42523},{"id":34844,"depth":124,"text":42526},{"id":35102,"depth":103,"text":35103},{"id":42904,"depth":103,"text":42905},{"id":42965,"depth":103,"text":42966},{"id":43107,"depth":103,"text":43108,"children":43634},[43635,43636],{"id":32337,"depth":124,"text":35212},{"id":34557,"depth":124,"text":34496},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":43638},[43639,43641,43642,43643],{"id":43220,"depth":124,"text":43640},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43276,"depth":124,"text":43277},{"id":43288,"depth":124,"text":43289},{"id":43332,"depth":124,"text":43644},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43349,"depth":103,"text":43350},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":43647},[43648,43649,43650,43651],{"id":43472,"depth":124,"text":43473},{"id":43479,"depth":124,"text":43480},{"id":43552,"depth":124,"text":43553},{"id":43564,"depth":124,"text":43565},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42432,"description":43653},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43659,"title":43660,"body":43661,"description":45022,"extension":2153,"meta":45023,"navigation":127,"path":45024,"seo":45025,"stem":45026,"__hash__":45027},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43662,"toc":44995},[43663,43669,43674,43680,43690,43749,43759,43770,43775,43781,43783,43801,43809,43811,43813,43828,43830,43841,43843,43934,43937,43941,43946,43967,43969,44080,44082,44109,44120,44124,44127,44210,44212,44220,44226,44232,44236,44239,44349,44351,44364,44367,44381,44389,44396,44401,44415,44421,44534,44536,44597,44600,44606,44612,44615,44637,44640,44710,44713,44745,44752,44754,44757,44775,44778,44790,44796,44798,44803,44829,44832,44904,44906,44912,44915,44921,44924,44930,44940,44946,44949,44956,44959,44961,44992],[10,43664,3764,43666,3768],{"id":43665},"python-id-function-explained",[17,43667,43668],{},"id()",[14,43670,32502,43671,43673],{},[17,43672,43668],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43675,43676,43677,43679],{},"Beginners usually see ",[17,43678,43668],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43681,185,43682,43684,43685,43687,43688,114],{},[17,43683,43668],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[3934,43686,4820],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[17,43689,4878],{},[58,43691,43693],{"className":60,"code":43692,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[17,43694,43695,43707,43721,43725,43735],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,43696,43697,43699,43701,43703,43705],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,43698,8065],{"class":73},[67,43700,78],{"class":77},[67,43702,251],{"class":239},[67,43704,7488],{"class":243},[67,43706,3547],{"class":239},[67,43708,43709,43711,43713,43715,43717,43719],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,43710,135],{"class":134},[67,43712,138],{"class":81},[67,43714,12839],{"class":134},[67,43716,138],{"class":81},[67,43718,7860],{"class":117},[67,43720,1426],{"class":81},[67,43722,43723],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,43724,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,43726,43727,43730,43732],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,43728,43729],{"class":73},"other ",[67,43731,78],{"class":77},[67,43733,43734],{"class":73}," name\n",[67,43736,43737,43739,43741,43743,43745,43747],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,43738,135],{"class":134},[67,43740,138],{"class":81},[67,43742,12839],{"class":134},[67,43744,138],{"class":81},[67,43746,30927],{"class":117},[67,43748,1426],{"class":81},[14,43750,43751,43752,43755,43756,43758],{},"In this example, ",[17,43753,43754],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[17,43757,43668],{}," values match.",[43760,43761,43762],"blockquote",{},[14,43763,185,43764,43766,43767,43769],{},[17,43765,43668],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[17,43768,4878],{}," for value comparison.",[53,43771,3867,43773,3870],{"id":43772},"what-id-does",[17,43774,43668],{},[14,43776,43777,43780],{},[17,43778,43779],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43782,13241],{},[25,43784,43785,43788,43795,43798],{},[28,43786,43787],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[28,43789,43790,43791,43794],{},"It shows ",[3934,43792,43793],{},"object identity",", not object value",[28,43796,43797],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[28,43799,43800],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43802,43803,43804,43808],{},"This is closely related to how ",[45,43805,43807],{"href":43806},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[53,43810,352],{"id":351},[14,43812,5625],{},[58,43814,43816],{"className":60,"code":43815,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"id(object)\n",[17,43817,43818],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,43819,43820,43822,43824,43826],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,43821,12839],{"class":134},[67,43823,138],{"class":81},[67,43825,42578],{"class":362},[67,43827,144],{"class":81},[14,43829,208],{},[25,43831,43832,43835,43838],{},[28,43833,43834],{},"It takes one argument",[28,43836,43837],{},"It returns an integer",[28,43839,43840],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43842,222],{},[58,43844,43846],{"className":60,"code":43845,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[17,43847,43848,43860,43868,43888,43892,43906,43920],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,43849,43850,43852,43854,43856,43858],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,43851,34873],{"class":73},[67,43853,78],{"class":77},[67,43855,251],{"class":239},[67,43857,4036],{"class":243},[67,43859,3547],{"class":239},[67,43861,43862,43864,43866],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,43863,2403],{"class":73},[67,43865,78],{"class":77},[67,43867,2959],{"class":85},[67,43869,43870,43872,43874,43876,43878,43880,43882,43884,43886],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,43871,1131],{"class":73},[67,43873,78],{"class":77},[67,43875,82],{"class":81},[67,43877,464],{"class":85},[67,43879,89],{"class":81},[67,43881,3182],{"class":85},[67,43883,89],{"class":81},[67,43885,2639],{"class":85},[67,43887,100],{"class":81},[67,43889,43890],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,43891,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,43893,43894,43896,43898,43900,43902,43904],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,43895,135],{"class":134},[67,43897,138],{"class":81},[67,43899,12839],{"class":134},[67,43901,138],{"class":81},[67,43903,34894],{"class":117},[67,43905,1426],{"class":81},[67,43907,43908,43910,43912,43914,43916,43918],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,43909,135],{"class":134},[67,43911,138],{"class":81},[67,43913,12839],{"class":134},[67,43915,138],{"class":81},[67,43917,2426],{"class":117},[67,43919,1426],{"class":81},[67,43921,43922,43924,43926,43928,43930,43932],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,43923,135],{"class":134},[67,43925,138],{"class":81},[67,43927,12839],{"class":134},[67,43929,138],{"class":81},[67,43931,1141],{"class":117},[67,43933,1426],{"class":81},[14,43935,43936],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[53,43938,43940],{"id":43939},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43942,43943,43944,114],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[17,43945,43668],{},[25,43947,43948,43955,43962],{},[28,43949,43950,43952,43953],{},[17,43951,4878],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[3934,43954,2661],{},[28,43956,43957,43959,43960],{},[17,43958,12383],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[3934,43961,42578],{},[28,43963,43964,43966],{},[17,43965,43668],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43968,222],{},[58,43970,43972],{"className":60,"code":43971,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[17,43973,43974,43994,44014,44018,44035,44052,44066],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,43975,43976,43978,43980,43982,43984,43986,43988,43990,43992],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,43977,2744],{"class":73},[67,43979,78],{"class":77},[67,43981,82],{"class":81},[67,43983,464],{"class":85},[67,43985,89],{"class":81},[67,43987,3182],{"class":85},[67,43989,89],{"class":81},[67,43991,2639],{"class":85},[67,43993,100],{"class":81},[67,43995,43996,43998,44000,44002,44004,44006,44008,44010,44012],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,43997,2772],{"class":73},[67,43999,78],{"class":77},[67,44001,82],{"class":81},[67,44003,464],{"class":85},[67,44005,89],{"class":81},[67,44007,3182],{"class":85},[67,44009,89],{"class":81},[67,44011,2639],{"class":85},[67,44013,100],{"class":81},[67,44015,44016],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,44017,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,44019,44020,44022,44024,44026,44028,44030,44032],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,44021,135],{"class":134},[67,44023,138],{"class":81},[67,44025,2744],{"class":117},[67,44027,4878],{"class":77},[67,44029,2749],{"class":117},[67,44031,3849],{"class":81},[67,44033,44034],{"class":3852},"   # True\n",[67,44036,44037,44039,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,44038,135],{"class":134},[67,44040,138],{"class":81},[67,44042,2744],{"class":117},[67,44044,12383],{"class":1167},[67,44046,2749],{"class":117},[67,44048,3849],{"class":81},[67,44050,44051],{"class":3852},"   # False\n",[67,44053,44054,44056,44058,44060,44062,44064],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,44055,135],{"class":134},[67,44057,138],{"class":81},[67,44059,12839],{"class":134},[67,44061,138],{"class":81},[67,44063,45],{"class":117},[67,44065,1426],{"class":81},[67,44067,44068,44070,44072,44074,44076,44078],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,44069,135],{"class":134},[67,44071,138],{"class":81},[67,44073,12839],{"class":134},[67,44075,138],{"class":81},[67,44077,428],{"class":117},[67,44079,1426],{"class":81},[14,44081,2366],{},[25,44083,44084,44092,44100],{},[28,44085,44086,4973,44089,44091],{},[17,44087,44088],{},"a == b",[17,44090,3793],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[28,44093,44094,4973,44097,44099],{},[17,44095,44096],{},"a is b",[17,44098,3863],{}," because they are different list objects",[28,44101,44102,961,44105,44108],{},[17,44103,44104],{},"id(a)",[17,44106,44107],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,44110,44111,44112,961,44116,114],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[45,44113,44115],{"href":44114},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[45,44117,44119],{"href":44118},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[53,44121,44123],{"id":44122},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,44125,44126],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[58,44128,44130],{"className":60,"code":44129,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[17,44131,44132,44152,44162,44166,44180,44195],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,44133,44134,44136,44138,44140,44142,44144,44146,44148,44150],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,44135,74],{"class":73},[67,44137,78],{"class":77},[67,44139,82],{"class":81},[67,44141,86],{"class":85},[67,44143,89],{"class":81},[67,44145,92],{"class":85},[67,44147,89],{"class":81},[67,44149,97],{"class":85},[67,44151,100],{"class":81},[67,44153,44154,44157,44159],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,44155,44156],{"class":73},"other_numbers ",[67,44158,78],{"class":77},[67,44160,44161],{"class":73}," numbers\n",[67,44163,44164],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,44165,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,44167,44168,44170,44172,44174,44176,44178],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,44169,135],{"class":134},[67,44171,138],{"class":81},[67,44173,12839],{"class":134},[67,44175,138],{"class":81},[67,44177,154],{"class":117},[67,44179,1426],{"class":81},[67,44181,44182,44184,44186,44188,44190,44193],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,44183,135],{"class":134},[67,44185,138],{"class":81},[67,44187,12839],{"class":134},[67,44189,138],{"class":81},[67,44191,44192],{"class":117},"other_numbers",[67,44194,1426],{"class":81},[67,44196,44197,44199,44201,44203,44205,44208],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,44198,135],{"class":134},[67,44200,138],{"class":81},[67,44202,74],{"class":117},[67,44204,12383],{"class":1167},[67,44206,44207],{"class":117}," other_numbers",[67,44209,144],{"class":81},[14,44211,5751],{},[58,44213,44214],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,44215,44216],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,44217,44218],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,44219,4170],{"class":4043},[14,44221,44222,44223,44225],{},"The two ",[17,44224,43668],{}," values will also match.",[14,44227,22378,44228,44231],{},[17,44229,44230],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[53,44233,44235],{"id":44234},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,44237,44238],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[58,44240,44242],{"className":60,"code":44241,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[17,44243,44244,44265,44286,44290,44305,44319,44334],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,44245,44246,44249,44251,44253,44255,44257,44259,44261,44263],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,44247,44248],{"class":73},"list_a ",[67,44250,78],{"class":77},[67,44252,82],{"class":81},[67,44254,464],{"class":85},[67,44256,89],{"class":81},[67,44258,3182],{"class":85},[67,44260,89],{"class":81},[67,44262,2639],{"class":85},[67,44264,100],{"class":81},[67,44266,44267,44270,44272,44274,44276,44278,44280,44282,44284],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,44268,44269],{"class":73},"list_b ",[67,44271,78],{"class":77},[67,44273,82],{"class":81},[67,44275,464],{"class":85},[67,44277,89],{"class":81},[67,44279,3182],{"class":85},[67,44281,89],{"class":81},[67,44283,2639],{"class":85},[67,44285,100],{"class":81},[67,44287,44288],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,44289,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,44291,44292,44294,44296,44298,44300,44303],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,44293,135],{"class":134},[67,44295,138],{"class":81},[67,44297,44248],{"class":117},[67,44299,4878],{"class":77},[67,44301,44302],{"class":117}," list_b",[67,44304,144],{"class":81},[67,44306,44307,44309,44311,44313,44315,44317],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,44308,135],{"class":134},[67,44310,138],{"class":81},[67,44312,44248],{"class":117},[67,44314,12383],{"class":1167},[67,44316,44302],{"class":117},[67,44318,144],{"class":81},[67,44320,44321,44323,44325,44327,44329,44332],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,44322,135],{"class":134},[67,44324,138],{"class":81},[67,44326,12839],{"class":134},[67,44328,138],{"class":81},[67,44330,44331],{"class":117},"list_a",[67,44333,1426],{"class":81},[67,44335,44336,44338,44340,44342,44344,44347],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,44337,135],{"class":134},[67,44339,138],{"class":81},[67,44341,12839],{"class":134},[67,44343,138],{"class":81},[67,44345,44346],{"class":117},"list_b",[67,44348,1426],{"class":81},[14,44350,5751],{},[58,44352,44354],{"className":60,"code":44353,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"True\nFalse\n",[17,44355,44356,44360],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,44357,44358],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,44359,4170],{"class":4043},[67,44361,44362],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,44363,4231],{"class":4043},[14,44365,44366],{},"What this means:",[25,44368,44369,44372,44375],{},[28,44370,44371],{},"The lists are equal in value",[28,44373,44374],{},"They are not the same object",[28,44376,44377,44378,44380],{},"Their ",[17,44379,43668],{}," values are usually different",[14,44382,44383,44384,44386,44387,114],{},"This is why ",[17,44385,43668],{}," should not replace ",[17,44388,4878],{},[53,44390,44392,44393,44395],{"id":44391},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[17,44394,43668],{}," is useful",[14,44397,44398,44400],{},[17,44399,43668],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[25,44402,44403,44406,44409,44412],{},[28,44404,44405],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[28,44407,44408],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[28,44410,44411],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[28,44413,44414],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44416,44417,44418,44420],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[17,44419,43668],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[58,44422,44424],{"className":60,"code":44423,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[17,44425,44426,44450,44459,44463,44482,44486,44496,44506,44520],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,44427,44428,44430,44432,44434,44436,44438,44440,44442,44444,44446,44448],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,44429,12275],{"class":73},[67,44431,78],{"class":77},[67,44433,82],{"class":81},[67,44435,240],{"class":239},[67,44437,45],{"class":243},[67,44439,240],{"class":239},[67,44441,89],{"class":81},[67,44443,251],{"class":239},[67,44445,428],{"class":243},[67,44447,240],{"class":239},[67,44449,100],{"class":81},[67,44451,44452,44455,44457],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,44453,44454],{"class":73},"copy_ref ",[67,44456,78],{"class":77},[67,44458,12313],{"class":73},[67,44460,44461],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,44462,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,44464,44465,44468,44470,44472,44474,44476,44478,44480],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,44466,44467],{"class":73},"copy_ref",[67,44469,114],{"class":81},[67,44471,13739],{"class":117},[67,44473,138],{"class":81},[67,44475,240],{"class":239},[67,44477,437],{"class":243},[67,44479,240],{"class":239},[67,44481,144],{"class":81},[67,44483,44484],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,44485,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,44487,44488,44490,44492,44494],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,44489,135],{"class":134},[67,44491,138],{"class":81},[67,44493,12322],{"class":117},[67,44495,144],{"class":81},[67,44497,44498,44500,44502,44504],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,44499,135],{"class":134},[67,44501,138],{"class":81},[67,44503,44467],{"class":117},[67,44505,144],{"class":81},[67,44507,44508,44510,44512,44514,44516,44518],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,44509,135],{"class":134},[67,44511,138],{"class":81},[67,44513,12839],{"class":134},[67,44515,138],{"class":81},[67,44517,12322],{"class":117},[67,44519,1426],{"class":81},[67,44521,44522,44524,44526,44528,44530,44532],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,44523,135],{"class":134},[67,44525,138],{"class":81},[67,44527,12839],{"class":134},[67,44529,138],{"class":81},[67,44531,44467],{"class":117},[67,44533,1426],{"class":81},[14,44535,5751],{},[58,44537,44539],{"className":60,"code":44538,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[17,44540,44541,44569],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,44542,44543,44545,44547,44549,44551,44553,44555,44557,44559,44561,44563,44565,44567],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,44544,174],{"class":81},[67,44546,333],{"class":239},[67,44548,45],{"class":243},[67,44550,333],{"class":239},[67,44552,89],{"class":81},[67,44554,342],{"class":239},[67,44556,428],{"class":243},[67,44558,333],{"class":239},[67,44560,89],{"class":81},[67,44562,342],{"class":239},[67,44564,437],{"class":243},[67,44566,333],{"class":239},[67,44568,100],{"class":81},[67,44570,44571,44573,44575,44577,44579,44581,44583,44585,44587,44589,44591,44593,44595],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,44572,174],{"class":81},[67,44574,333],{"class":239},[67,44576,45],{"class":243},[67,44578,333],{"class":239},[67,44580,89],{"class":81},[67,44582,342],{"class":239},[67,44584,428],{"class":243},[67,44586,333],{"class":239},[67,44588,89],{"class":81},[67,44590,342],{"class":239},[67,44592,437],{"class":243},[67,44594,333],{"class":239},[67,44596,100],{"class":81},[14,44598,44599],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[53,44601,44603,44604],{"id":44602},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[17,44605,43668],{},[14,44607,44608,44609,44611],{},"Do not use ",[17,44610,43668],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44613,44614],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[25,44616,44617,44623,44629,44632],{},[28,44618,44619,44620,44622],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[17,44621,4878],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[28,44624,44625,44626,44628],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[17,44627,43668],{}," values across program runs",[28,44630,44631],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[28,44633,44634,44635],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[17,44636,43668],{},[14,44638,44639],{},"Bad example:",[58,44641,44643],{"className":60,"code":44642,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[17,44644,44645,44657,44669,44673,44695],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,44646,44647,44649,44651,44653,44655],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,44648,2744],{"class":73},[67,44650,78],{"class":77},[67,44652,251],{"class":239},[67,44654,37227],{"class":243},[67,44656,3547],{"class":239},[67,44658,44659,44661,44663,44665,44667],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,44660,2772],{"class":73},[67,44662,78],{"class":77},[67,44664,251],{"class":239},[67,44666,37227],{"class":243},[67,44668,3547],{"class":239},[67,44670,44671],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,44672,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,44674,44675,44677,44679,44681,44683,44685,44687,44689,44691,44693],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,44676,1217],{"class":1167},[67,44678,15003],{"class":134},[67,44680,138],{"class":81},[67,44682,45],{"class":117},[67,44684,3849],{"class":81},[67,44686,6600],{"class":77},[67,44688,15003],{"class":134},[67,44690,138],{"class":81},[67,44692,428],{"class":117},[67,44694,1407],{"class":81},[67,44696,44697,44699,44701,44703,44706,44708],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,44698,1228],{"class":134},[67,44700,138],{"class":81},[67,44702,240],{"class":239},[67,44704,44705],{"class":243},"The values are equal",[67,44707,240],{"class":239},[67,44709,144],{"class":81},[14,44711,44712],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[58,44714,44716],{"className":60,"code":44715,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[17,44717,44718,44731],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,44719,44720,44722,44725,44727,44729],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,44721,1217],{"class":1167},[67,44723,44724],{"class":73}," a ",[67,44726,4878],{"class":77},[67,44728,2749],{"class":73},[67,44730,1223],{"class":81},[67,44732,44733,44735,44737,44739,44741,44743],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,44734,1228],{"class":134},[67,44736,138],{"class":81},[67,44738,240],{"class":239},[67,44740,44705],{"class":243},[67,44742,240],{"class":239},[67,44744,144],{"class":81},[14,44746,185,44747,3068,44749,44751],{},[17,44748,12383],{},[17,44750,43668],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[53,44753,20989],{"id":20988},[14,44755,44756],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[25,44758,44759,44762,44765,44770],{},[28,44760,44761],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[28,44763,44764],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[28,44766,44767,44768],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[17,44769,43668],{},[28,44771,44772,44773],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[17,44774,43668],{},[14,44776,44777],{},"The important rule is:",[25,44779,44780,44785],{},[28,44781,185,44782,44784],{},[17,44783,4878],{}," to check value",[28,44786,185,44787,44789],{},[17,44788,12383],{}," to check identity",[14,44791,44792,44793,44795],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[17,44794,43668],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[53,44797,1907],{"id":1906},[14,44799,44800,44801,1161],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[17,44802,43668],{},[25,44804,44805,44813,44816,44819,44824],{},[28,44806,8604,44807,44809,44810,44812],{},[17,44808,43668],{}," when ",[17,44811,4878],{}," should be used",[28,44814,44815],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[28,44817,44818],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[28,44820,44821,44822],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[17,44823,43668],{},[28,44825,8604,44826,44828],{},[17,44827,43668],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44830,44831],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[58,44833,44835],{"className":60,"code":44834,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[17,44836,44837,44852,44866,44880,44894],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,44838,44839,44841,44843,44845,44847,44850],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,44840,135],{"class":134},[67,44842,138],{"class":81},[67,44844,12839],{"class":134},[67,44846,138],{"class":81},[67,44848,44849],{"class":117},"my_object",[67,44851,1426],{"class":81},[67,44853,44854,44856,44858,44860,44862,44864],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,44855,135],{"class":134},[67,44857,138],{"class":81},[67,44859,2744],{"class":117},[67,44861,4878],{"class":77},[67,44863,2749],{"class":117},[67,44865,144],{"class":81},[67,44867,44868,44870,44872,44874,44876,44878],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,44869,135],{"class":134},[67,44871,138],{"class":81},[67,44873,2744],{"class":117},[67,44875,12383],{"class":1167},[67,44877,2749],{"class":117},[67,44879,144],{"class":81},[67,44881,44882,44884,44886,44888,44890,44892],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,44883,135],{"class":134},[67,44885,138],{"class":81},[67,44887,2011],{"class":362},[67,44889,138],{"class":81},[67,44891,44849],{"class":117},[67,44893,1426],{"class":81},[67,44895,44896,44898,44900,44902],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,44897,32337],{"class":134},[67,44899,138],{"class":81},[67,44901,12839],{"class":134},[67,44903,144],{"class":81},[53,44905,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,44907,44909,44910,12906],{"id":44908},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[17,44911,43668],{},[14,44913,44914],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1109,44916,15090,44918,44920],{"id":44917},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[17,44919,43668],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44922,44923],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1109,44925,21609,44927,44929],{"id":44926},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[17,44928,43668],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44931,30454,44932,44934,44935,3068,44937,44939],{},[17,44933,4878],{}," to compare values. Use ",[17,44936,43668],{},[17,44938,12383],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1109,44941,44943,44944,2681],{"id":44942},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[17,44945,43668],{},[14,44947,44948],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1109,44950,44952,44953,44955],{"id":44951},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[17,44954,43668],{}," values?",[14,44957,44958],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[53,44960,2094],{"id":2093},[25,44962,44963,44968,44973,44978,44986],{},[28,44964,44965],{},[45,44966,44967],{"href":43806},"Python variables explained for beginners",[28,44969,44970],{},[45,44971,44972],{"href":44114},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[28,44974,44975],{},[45,44976,44977],{"href":44118},"Python data types overview",[28,44979,44980],{},[45,44981,3764,44983,3697],{"href":44982},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[17,44984,44985],{},"isinstance()",[28,44987,44988],{},[45,44989,44991],{"href":44990},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2122,44993,44994],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":44996},[44997,44999,45000,45001,45002,45003,45005,45007,45008,45009,45021],{"id":43772,"depth":103,"text":44998},"What id() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":43939,"depth":103,"text":43940},{"id":44122,"depth":103,"text":44123},{"id":44234,"depth":103,"text":44235},{"id":44391,"depth":103,"text":45004},"When id() is useful",{"id":44602,"depth":103,"text":45006},"When not to use id()",{"id":20988,"depth":103,"text":20989},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":45010},[45011,45013,45015,45017,45019],{"id":44908,"depth":124,"text":45012},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44917,"depth":124,"text":45014},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44926,"depth":124,"text":45016},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44942,"depth":124,"text":45018},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44951,"depth":124,"text":45020},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43660,"description":45022},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45029,"title":42374,"body":45030,"description":46668,"extension":2153,"meta":46669,"navigation":127,"path":46670,"seo":46671,"stem":46672,"__hash__":46673},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45031,"toc":46634},[45032,45037,45042,45045,45047,45090,45095,45098,45103,45108,45111,45127,45129,45173,45175,45202,45204,45219,45221,45223,45225,45241,45243,45255,45258,45292,45295,45320,45325,45327,45332,45336,45339,45341,45389,45391,45424,45430,45441,45443,45494,45496,45527,45529,45533,45537,45580,45586,45592,45644,45652,45657,45661,45752,45754,45786,45789,45791,45851,45853,45879,45889,45891,45895,45900,45905,45907,45944,45946,45965,45968,45972,45975,46031,46043,46052,46054,46081,46089,46096,46100,46103,46140,46143,46149,46186,46188,46192,46198,46216,46221,46269,46273,46362,46365,46372,46374,46376,46381,46399,46401,46444,46450,46467,46469,46531,46533,46535,46541,46549,46555,46561,46570,46580,46584,46592,46594,46596,46631],[10,45033,3764,45035,3768],{"id":45034},"python-input-function-explained",[17,45036,3148],{},[14,45038,379,45039,45041],{},[17,45040,3148],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,45043,45044],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[53,45046,56],{"id":55},[58,45048,45050],{"className":60,"code":45049,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[17,45051,45052,45071],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45053,45054,45056,45058,45060,45062,45064,45067,45069],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45055,8065],{"class":73},[67,45057,78],{"class":77},[67,45059,8430],{"class":134},[67,45061,138],{"class":81},[67,45063,240],{"class":239},[67,45065,45066],{"class":243},"Enter your name: ",[67,45068,240],{"class":239},[67,45070,144],{"class":81},[67,45072,45073,45075,45077,45079,45082,45084,45086,45088],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45074,135],{"class":134},[67,45076,138],{"class":81},[67,45078,240],{"class":239},[67,45080,45081],{"class":243},"Hello, ",[67,45083,240],{"class":239},[67,45085,2642],{"class":77},[67,45087,36175],{"class":117},[67,45089,144],{"class":81},[14,45091,185,45092,45094],{},[17,45093,3148],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45096,45097],"hr",{},[53,45099,3867,45101,3870],{"id":45100},"what-input-does",[17,45102,3148],{},[14,45104,45105,45107],{},[17,45106,3148],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,45109,45110],{},"Here is what happens:",[25,45112,45113,45118,45121,45124],{},[28,45114,45115,45117],{},[17,45116,3148],{}," waits for the user to type",[28,45119,45120],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[28,45122,45123],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[28,45125,45126],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,45128,222],{},[58,45130,45132],{"className":60,"code":45131,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[17,45133,45134,45154],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45135,45136,45139,45141,45143,45145,45147,45150,45152],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45137,45138],{"class":73},"color ",[67,45140,78],{"class":77},[67,45142,8430],{"class":134},[67,45144,138],{"class":81},[67,45146,240],{"class":239},[67,45148,45149],{"class":243},"What is your favorite color? ",[67,45151,240],{"class":239},[67,45153,144],{"class":81},[67,45155,45156,45158,45160,45162,45165,45167,45169,45171],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45157,135],{"class":134},[67,45159,138],{"class":81},[67,45161,240],{"class":239},[67,45163,45164],{"class":243},"Your favorite color is",[67,45166,240],{"class":239},[67,45168,89],{"class":81},[67,45170,36036],{"class":117},[67,45172,144],{"class":81},[14,45174,30213],{},[58,45176,45178],{"className":60,"code":45177,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[17,45179,45180,45193],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45181,45182,45184,45186,45189,45191],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45183,3867],{"class":73},[67,45185,12383],{"class":77},[67,45187,45188],{"class":73}," your favorite color",[67,45190,2681],{"class":37546},[67,45192,36066],{"class":73},[67,45194,45195,45198,45200],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45196,45197],{"class":73},"Your favorite color ",[67,45199,12383],{"class":77},[67,45201,36066],{"class":73},[14,45203,20145],{},[25,45205,45206,45211,45216],{},[28,45207,45208,45209],{},"The prompt is ",[17,45210,45149],{},[28,45212,45213,45214],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[17,45215,33076],{},[28,45217,45218],{},"That value is then printed",[45096,45220],{},[53,45222,352],{"id":351},[14,45224,7409],{},[58,45226,45228],{"className":60,"code":45227,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"input(prompt)\n",[17,45229,45230],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45231,45232,45234,45236,45239],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45233,42642],{"class":134},[67,45235,138],{"class":81},[67,45237,45238],{"class":117},"prompt",[67,45240,144],{"class":81},[14,45242,11646],{},[25,45244,45245,45249,45252],{},[28,45246,379,45247,20227],{},[17,45248,45238],{},[28,45250,45251],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[28,45253,45254],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,45256,45257],{},"Example with a prompt:",[58,45259,45261],{"className":60,"code":45260,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[17,45262,45263,45282],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45264,45265,45267,45269,45271,45273,45275,45278,45280],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45266,8150],{"class":73},[67,45268,78],{"class":77},[67,45270,8430],{"class":134},[67,45272,138],{"class":81},[67,45274,240],{"class":239},[67,45276,45277],{"class":243},"Enter your username: ",[67,45279,240],{"class":239},[67,45281,144],{"class":81},[67,45283,45284,45286,45288,45290],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45285,135],{"class":134},[67,45287,138],{"class":81},[67,45289,8174],{"class":117},[67,45291,144],{"class":81},[14,45293,45294],{},"Example without a prompt:",[58,45296,45298],{"className":60,"code":45297,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[17,45299,45300,45310],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45301,45302,45304,45306,45308],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45303,2634],{"class":73},[67,45305,78],{"class":77},[67,45307,8430],{"class":134},[67,45309,121],{"class":81},[67,45311,45312,45314,45316,45318],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45313,135],{"class":134},[67,45315,138],{"class":81},[67,45317,2661],{"class":117},[67,45319,144],{"class":81},[14,45321,7955,45322,45324],{},[17,45323,3148],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45096,45326],{},[53,45328,3867,45330,11894],{"id":45329},"what-input-returns",[17,45331,3148],{},[14,45333,45334,8413],{},[17,45335,3148],{},[14,45337,45338],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45340,222],{},[58,45342,45344],{"className":60,"code":45343,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[17,45345,45346,45365,45375],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45347,45348,45350,45352,45354,45356,45358,45361,45363],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45349,21817],{"class":73},[67,45351,78],{"class":77},[67,45353,8430],{"class":134},[67,45355,138],{"class":81},[67,45357,240],{"class":239},[67,45359,45360],{"class":243},"Enter your age: ",[67,45362,240],{"class":239},[67,45364,144],{"class":81},[67,45366,45367,45369,45371,45373],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45368,135],{"class":134},[67,45370,138],{"class":81},[67,45372,9486],{"class":117},[67,45374,144],{"class":81},[67,45376,45377,45379,45381,45383,45385,45387],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,45378,135],{"class":134},[67,45380,138],{"class":81},[67,45382,2011],{"class":362},[67,45384,138],{"class":81},[67,45386,9486],{"class":117},[67,45388,1426],{"class":81},[14,45390,30213],{},[58,45392,45394],{"className":60,"code":45393,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,45395,45396,45406,45410],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45397,45398,45401,45403],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45399,45400],{"class":73},"Enter your age",[67,45402,1161],{"class":81},[67,45404,45405],{"class":85}," 25\n",[67,45407,45408],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45409,2899],{"class":85},[67,45411,45412,45414,45416,45418,45420,45422],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,45413,1397],{"class":77},[67,45415,3482],{"class":2254},[67,45417,342],{"class":239},[67,45419,1526],{"class":243},[67,45421,333],{"class":239},[67,45423,3491],{"class":77},[14,45425,45426,45427,45429],{},"Even though the user typed ",[17,45428,9380],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45431,45432,45433,3068,45437,114],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[45,45434,45435],{"href":3064},[17,45436,3067],{},[45,45438,45439],{"href":3071},[17,45440,3074],{},[14,45442,222],{},[58,45444,45446],{"className":60,"code":45445,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[17,45447,45448,45470,45480],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45449,45450,45452,45454,45456,45458,45460,45462,45464,45466,45468],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45451,21817],{"class":73},[67,45453,78],{"class":77},[67,45455,1592],{"class":362},[67,45457,138],{"class":81},[67,45459,42642],{"class":134},[67,45461,138],{"class":81},[67,45463,240],{"class":239},[67,45465,45360],{"class":243},[67,45467,240],{"class":239},[67,45469,1426],{"class":81},[67,45471,45472,45474,45476,45478],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45473,135],{"class":134},[67,45475,138],{"class":81},[67,45477,9486],{"class":117},[67,45479,144],{"class":81},[67,45481,45482,45484,45486,45488,45490,45492],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,45483,135],{"class":134},[67,45485,138],{"class":81},[67,45487,2011],{"class":362},[67,45489,138],{"class":81},[67,45491,9486],{"class":117},[67,45493,1426],{"class":81},[14,45495,30213],{},[58,45497,45499],{"className":60,"code":45498,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,45500,45501,45509,45513],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45502,45503,45505,45507],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45504,45400],{"class":73},[67,45506,1161],{"class":81},[67,45508,45405],{"class":85},[67,45510,45511],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45512,2899],{"class":85},[67,45514,45515,45517,45519,45521,45523,45525],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,45516,1397],{"class":77},[67,45518,3482],{"class":2254},[67,45520,342],{"class":239},[67,45522,2376],{"class":243},[67,45524,333],{"class":239},[67,45526,3491],{"class":77},[45096,45528],{},[53,45530,45532],{"id":45531},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1109,45534,45536],{"id":45535},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[58,45538,45540],{"className":60,"code":45539,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[17,45541,45542,45561],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45543,45544,45546,45548,45550,45552,45554,45557,45559],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45545,8065],{"class":73},[67,45547,78],{"class":77},[67,45549,8430],{"class":134},[67,45551,138],{"class":81},[67,45553,240],{"class":239},[67,45555,45556],{"class":243},"What is your name? ",[67,45558,240],{"class":239},[67,45560,144],{"class":81},[67,45562,45563,45565,45567,45569,45572,45574,45576,45578],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45564,135],{"class":134},[67,45566,138],{"class":81},[67,45568,240],{"class":239},[67,45570,45571],{"class":243},"Hello,",[67,45573,240],{"class":239},[67,45575,89],{"class":81},[67,45577,36175],{"class":117},[67,45579,144],{"class":81},[14,45581,45582,45583,45585],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[17,45584,7860],{}," and prints it.",[1109,45587,45589,45590],{"id":45588},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[17,45591,3067],{},[58,45593,45595],{"className":60,"code":45594,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[17,45596,45597,45620],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45598,45599,45601,45603,45605,45607,45609,45611,45613,45616,45618],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45600,21817],{"class":73},[67,45602,78],{"class":77},[67,45604,1592],{"class":362},[67,45606,138],{"class":81},[67,45608,42642],{"class":134},[67,45610,138],{"class":81},[67,45612,240],{"class":239},[67,45614,45615],{"class":243},"How old are you? ",[67,45617,240],{"class":239},[67,45619,1426],{"class":81},[67,45621,45622,45624,45626,45628,45631,45633,45635,45638,45640,45642],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45623,135],{"class":134},[67,45625,138],{"class":81},[67,45627,240],{"class":239},[67,45629,45630],{"class":243},"Next year you will be",[67,45632,240],{"class":239},[67,45634,89],{"class":81},[67,45636,45637],{"class":117}," age ",[67,45639,2248],{"class":77},[67,45641,5689],{"class":85},[67,45643,144],{"class":81},[14,45645,6252,45646,45648,45649,45651],{},[17,45647,3067],{}," converts the text from ",[17,45650,3148],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45653,45654,45655,114],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[45,45656,9167],{"href":9166},[1109,45658,45660],{"id":45659},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[58,45662,45664],{"className":60,"code":45663,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[17,45665,45666,45690,45714,45728,45732],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45667,45668,45671,45673,45675,45677,45679,45681,45683,45686,45688],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45669,45670],{"class":73},"num1 ",[67,45672,78],{"class":77},[67,45674,1592],{"class":362},[67,45676,138],{"class":81},[67,45678,42642],{"class":134},[67,45680,138],{"class":81},[67,45682,240],{"class":239},[67,45684,45685],{"class":243},"Enter the first number: ",[67,45687,240],{"class":239},[67,45689,1426],{"class":81},[67,45691,45692,45695,45697,45699,45701,45703,45705,45707,45710,45712],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45693,45694],{"class":73},"num2 ",[67,45696,78],{"class":77},[67,45698,1592],{"class":362},[67,45700,138],{"class":81},[67,45702,42642],{"class":134},[67,45704,138],{"class":81},[67,45706,240],{"class":239},[67,45708,45709],{"class":243},"Enter the second number: ",[67,45711,240],{"class":239},[67,45713,1426],{"class":81},[67,45715,45716,45718,45720,45723,45725],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,45717,41362],{"class":73},[67,45719,78],{"class":77},[67,45721,45722],{"class":73}," num1 ",[67,45724,2248],{"class":77},[67,45726,45727],{"class":73}," num2\n",[67,45729,45730],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,45731,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,45733,45734,45736,45738,45740,45743,45745,45747,45750],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,45735,135],{"class":134},[67,45737,138],{"class":81},[67,45739,240],{"class":239},[67,45741,45742],{"class":243},"Total:",[67,45744,240],{"class":239},[67,45746,89],{"class":81},[67,45748,45749],{"class":117}," total",[67,45751,144],{"class":81},[14,45753,30213],{},[58,45755,45757],{"className":60,"code":45756,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[17,45758,45759,45768,45777],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45760,45761,45764,45766],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45762,45763],{"class":73},"Enter the first number",[67,45765,1161],{"class":81},[67,45767,1377],{"class":85},[67,45769,45770,45773,45775],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45771,45772],{"class":73},"Enter the second number",[67,45774,1161],{"class":81},[67,45776,2767],{"class":85},[67,45778,45779,45782,45784],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,45780,45781],{"class":73},"Total",[67,45783,1161],{"class":81},[67,45785,35027],{"class":85},[14,45787,45788],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45790,222],{},[58,45792,45794],{"className":60,"code":45793,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[17,45795,45796,45814,45832,45836],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45797,45798,45800,45802,45804,45806,45808,45810,45812],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45799,45670],{"class":73},[67,45801,78],{"class":77},[67,45803,8430],{"class":134},[67,45805,138],{"class":81},[67,45807,240],{"class":239},[67,45809,45685],{"class":243},[67,45811,240],{"class":239},[67,45813,144],{"class":81},[67,45815,45816,45818,45820,45822,45824,45826,45828,45830],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45817,45694],{"class":73},[67,45819,78],{"class":77},[67,45821,8430],{"class":134},[67,45823,138],{"class":81},[67,45825,240],{"class":239},[67,45827,45709],{"class":243},[67,45829,240],{"class":239},[67,45831,144],{"class":81},[67,45833,45834],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,45835,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,45837,45838,45840,45842,45844,45846,45849],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,45839,135],{"class":134},[67,45841,138],{"class":81},[67,45843,45670],{"class":117},[67,45845,2248],{"class":77},[67,45847,45848],{"class":117}," num2",[67,45850,144],{"class":81},[14,45852,30213],{},[58,45854,45856],{"className":60,"code":45855,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[17,45857,45858,45866,45874],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45859,45860,45862,45864],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45861,45763],{"class":73},[67,45863,1161],{"class":81},[67,45865,1377],{"class":85},[67,45867,45868,45870,45872],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45869,45772],{"class":73},[67,45871,1161],{"class":81},[67,45873,2767],{"class":85},[67,45875,45876],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,45877,45878],{"class":85},"23\n",[14,45880,45881,45882,45885,45886,114],{},"That happens because ",[17,45883,45884],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[17,45887,45888],{},"\"23\"",[45096,45890],{},[53,45892,45894],{"id":45893},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45896,45897,45898,114],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[17,45899,3148],{},[1109,45901,4894,45903,41722],{"id":45902},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[17,45904,3148],{},[14,45906,39378],{},[58,45908,45910],{"className":60,"code":45909,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,45911,45912,45930],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45913,45914,45916,45918,45920,45922,45924,45926,45928],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45915,2634],{"class":73},[67,45917,78],{"class":77},[67,45919,8430],{"class":134},[67,45921,138],{"class":81},[67,45923,240],{"class":239},[67,45925,42051],{"class":243},[67,45927,240],{"class":239},[67,45929,144],{"class":81},[67,45931,45932,45934,45936,45938,45940,45942],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,45933,135],{"class":134},[67,45935,138],{"class":81},[67,45937,2011],{"class":362},[67,45939,138],{"class":81},[67,45941,2661],{"class":117},[67,45943,1426],{"class":81},[14,45945,159],{},[58,45947,45949],{"className":60,"code":45948,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,45950,45951],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45952,45953,45955,45957,45959,45961,45963],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45954,1397],{"class":77},[67,45956,3482],{"class":2254},[67,45958,342],{"class":239},[67,45960,1526],{"class":243},[67,45962,333],{"class":239},[67,45964,3491],{"class":77},[14,45966,45967],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1109,45969,45971],{"id":45970},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45973,45974],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[58,45976,45978],{"className":60,"code":45977,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[17,45979,45980,45998,46017],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,45981,45982,45984,45986,45988,45990,45992,45994,45996],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,45983,2744],{"class":73},[67,45985,78],{"class":77},[67,45987,8430],{"class":134},[67,45989,138],{"class":81},[67,45991,240],{"class":239},[67,45993,42051],{"class":243},[67,45995,240],{"class":239},[67,45997,144],{"class":81},[67,45999,46000,46002,46004,46006,46008,46010,46013,46015],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,46001,2772],{"class":73},[67,46003,78],{"class":77},[67,46005,8430],{"class":134},[67,46007,138],{"class":81},[67,46009,240],{"class":239},[67,46011,46012],{"class":243},"Enter another number: ",[67,46014,240],{"class":239},[67,46016,144],{"class":81},[67,46018,46019,46021,46023,46025,46027,46029],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,46020,135],{"class":134},[67,46022,138],{"class":81},[67,46024,2744],{"class":117},[67,46026,2248],{"class":77},[67,46028,2749],{"class":117},[67,46030,144],{"class":81},[14,46032,41300,46033,961,46035,46037,46038,19151,46041,114],{},[17,46034,2694],{},[17,46036,1308],{},", the result is ",[17,46039,46040],{},"45",[17,46042,2332],{},[1109,46044,46046,46047,46049,46050],{"id":46045},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[17,46048,40883],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[17,46051,3067],{},[14,46053,222],{},[58,46055,46057],{"className":60,"code":46056,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[17,46058,46059],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,46060,46061,46063,46065,46067,46069,46071,46073,46075,46077,46079],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,46062,21817],{"class":73},[67,46064,78],{"class":77},[67,46066,1592],{"class":362},[67,46068,138],{"class":81},[67,46070,42642],{"class":134},[67,46072,138],{"class":81},[67,46074,240],{"class":239},[67,46076,45360],{"class":243},[67,46078,240],{"class":239},[67,46080,1426],{"class":81},[14,46082,8459,46083,46086,46087,114],{},[17,46084,46085],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[17,46088,40883],{},[14,46090,46091,46092,114],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[45,46093,46095],{"href":46094},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1109,46097,46099],{"id":46098},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,46101,46102],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[58,46104,46106],{"className":60,"code":46105,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[17,46107,46108,46126],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,46109,46110,46112,46114,46116,46118,46120,46122,46124],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,46111,8065],{"class":73},[67,46113,78],{"class":77},[67,46115,8430],{"class":134},[67,46117,138],{"class":81},[67,46119,240],{"class":239},[67,46121,45066],{"class":243},[67,46123,240],{"class":239},[67,46125,144],{"class":81},[67,46127,46128,46130,46132,46134,46136,46138],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,46129,135],{"class":134},[67,46131,138],{"class":81},[67,46133,41959],{"class":134},[67,46135,138],{"class":81},[67,46137,7860],{"class":117},[67,46139,1426],{"class":81},[14,46141,46142],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,46144,46145,46146,1161],{},"You can remove them with ",[17,46147,46148],{},".strip()",[58,46150,46152],{"className":60,"code":46151,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[17,46153,46154,46176],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,46155,46156,46158,46160,46162,46164,46166,46168,46170,46172,46174],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,46157,8065],{"class":73},[67,46159,78],{"class":77},[67,46161,8430],{"class":134},[67,46163,138],{"class":81},[67,46165,240],{"class":239},[67,46167,45066],{"class":243},[67,46169,240],{"class":239},[67,46171,8818],{"class":81},[67,46173,8821],{"class":117},[67,46175,121],{"class":81},[67,46177,46178,46180,46182,46184],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,46179,135],{"class":134},[67,46181,138],{"class":81},[67,46183,7860],{"class":117},[67,46185,144],{"class":81},[45096,46187],{},[53,46189,46191],{"id":46190},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,46193,46194,46195,46197],{},"These habits make ",[17,46196,3148],{}," easier and safer to use.",[25,46199,46200,46203,46208,46211],{},[28,46201,46202],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[28,46204,185,46205,46207],{},[17,46206,46148],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[28,46209,46210],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[28,46212,185,46213,46215],{},[17,46214,29969],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,46217,46218,46219,1161],{},"Example with ",[17,46220,46148],{},[58,46222,46224],{"className":60,"code":46223,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[17,46225,46226,46250],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,46227,46228,46231,46233,46235,46237,46239,46242,46244,46246,46248],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,46229,46230],{"class":73},"city ",[67,46232,78],{"class":77},[67,46234,8430],{"class":134},[67,46236,138],{"class":81},[67,46238,240],{"class":239},[67,46240,46241],{"class":243},"Enter your city: ",[67,46243,240],{"class":239},[67,46245,8818],{"class":81},[67,46247,8821],{"class":117},[67,46249,121],{"class":81},[67,46251,46252,46254,46256,46258,46261,46263,46265,46267],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,46253,135],{"class":134},[67,46255,138],{"class":81},[67,46257,240],{"class":239},[67,46259,46260],{"class":243},"City:",[67,46262,240],{"class":239},[67,46264,89],{"class":81},[67,46266,31569],{"class":117},[67,46268,144],{"class":81},[14,46270,46218,46271,1161],{},[17,46272,29969],{},[58,46274,46276],{"className":60,"code":46275,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[17,46277,46278,46284,46307,46339,46347],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,46279,46280,46282],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,46281,1190],{"class":1167},[67,46283,1223],{"class":81},[67,46285,46286,46289,46291,46293,46295,46297,46299,46301,46303,46305],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,46287,46288],{"class":73},"    age ",[67,46290,78],{"class":77},[67,46292,1592],{"class":362},[67,46294,138],{"class":81},[67,46296,42642],{"class":134},[67,46298,138],{"class":81},[67,46300,240],{"class":239},[67,46302,45360],{"class":243},[67,46304,240],{"class":239},[67,46306,1426],{"class":81},[67,46308,46309,46311,46313,46315,46318,46320,46322,46324,46326,46328,46330,46332,46335,46337],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,46310,1228],{"class":134},[67,46312,138],{"class":81},[67,46314,240],{"class":239},[67,46316,46317],{"class":243},"You will be",[67,46319,240],{"class":239},[67,46321,89],{"class":81},[67,46323,45637],{"class":117},[67,46325,2248],{"class":77},[67,46327,5689],{"class":85},[67,46329,89],{"class":81},[67,46331,251],{"class":239},[67,46333,46334],{"class":243},"next year",[67,46336,240],{"class":239},[67,46338,144],{"class":81},[67,46340,46341,46343,46345],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,46342,1193],{"class":1167},[67,46344,42106],{"class":362},[67,46346,1223],{"class":81},[67,46348,46349,46351,46353,46355,46358,46360],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,46350,1228],{"class":134},[67,46352,138],{"class":81},[67,46354,240],{"class":239},[67,46356,46357],{"class":243},"Please enter a whole number.",[67,46359,240],{"class":239},[67,46361,144],{"class":81},[14,46363,46364],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46366,46367,46368,114],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[45,46369,46371],{"href":46370},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45096,46373],{},[53,46375,1907],{"id":1906},[14,46377,46378,46379,1161],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[17,46380,3148],{},[25,46382,46383,46390,46393,46396],{},[28,46384,46385,46386,3068,46388],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[17,46387,3067],{},[17,46389,3074],{},[28,46391,46392],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[28,46394,46395],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[28,46397,46398],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46400,32267],{},[58,46402,46404],{"className":60,"code":46403,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[17,46405,46406,46416,46430],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,46407,46408,46410,46412,46414],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,46409,135],{"class":134},[67,46411,138],{"class":81},[67,46413,2661],{"class":117},[67,46415,144],{"class":81},[67,46417,46418,46420,46422,46424,46426,46428],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,46419,135],{"class":134},[67,46421,138],{"class":81},[67,46423,2011],{"class":362},[67,46425,138],{"class":81},[67,46427,2661],{"class":117},[67,46429,1426],{"class":81},[67,46431,46432,46434,46436,46438,46440,46442],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,46433,135],{"class":134},[67,46435,138],{"class":81},[67,46437,41959],{"class":134},[67,46439,138],{"class":81},[67,46441,2661],{"class":117},[67,46443,1426],{"class":81},[14,46445,46446,46447,46449],{},"These help you inspect what ",[17,46448,3148],{}," actually returned:",[25,46451,46452,46457,46462],{},[28,46453,46454,46456],{},[17,46455,42007],{}," shows the value",[28,46458,46459,46461],{},[17,46460,42013],{}," shows the data type",[28,46463,46464,46466],{},[17,46465,42018],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46468,222],{},[58,46470,46472],{"className":60,"code":46471,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[17,46473,46474,46493,46503,46517],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,46475,46476,46478,46480,46482,46484,46486,46489,46491],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,46477,2634],{"class":73},[67,46479,78],{"class":77},[67,46481,8430],{"class":134},[67,46483,138],{"class":81},[67,46485,240],{"class":239},[67,46487,46488],{"class":243},"Enter something: ",[67,46490,240],{"class":239},[67,46492,144],{"class":81},[67,46494,46495,46497,46499,46501],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,46496,135],{"class":134},[67,46498,138],{"class":81},[67,46500,2661],{"class":117},[67,46502,144],{"class":81},[67,46504,46505,46507,46509,46511,46513,46515],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,46506,135],{"class":134},[67,46508,138],{"class":81},[67,46510,2011],{"class":362},[67,46512,138],{"class":81},[67,46514,2661],{"class":117},[67,46516,1426],{"class":81},[67,46518,46519,46521,46523,46525,46527,46529],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,46520,135],{"class":134},[67,46522,138],{"class":81},[67,46524,41959],{"class":134},[67,46526,138],{"class":81},[67,46528,2661],{"class":117},[67,46530,1426],{"class":81},[45096,46532],{},[53,46534,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,46536,12894,46538,46540],{"id":46537},"does-input-return-an-integer",[17,46539,3148],{}," return an integer?",[14,46542,46543,46544,46546,46547,40108],{},"No. ",[17,46545,3148],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[17,46548,3067],{},[1109,46550,46552,46553,2681],{"id":46551},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[17,46554,3148],{},[14,46556,46557,46558,46560],{},"No. You can call ",[17,46559,3148],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1109,46562,5347,46564,46567,46568,2681],{"id":46563},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[17,46565,46566],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[17,46569,3148],{},[14,46571,29248,46572,46574,46575,42335,46577,46579],{},[17,46573,3148],{}," returns strings. ",[17,46576,45884],{},[17,46578,45888],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1109,46581,46583],{"id":46582},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46585,185,46586,46588,46589,114],{},[17,46587,46148],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[17,46590,46591],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45096,46593],{},[53,46595,2094],{"id":2093},[25,46597,46598,46603,46607,46613,46619,46623],{},[28,46599,46600],{},[45,46601,46602],{"href":46370},"How to get user input in Python",[28,46604,46605],{},[45,46606,9244],{"href":9166},[28,46608,46609],{},[45,46610,3764,46611,3697],{"href":3064},[17,46612,3067],{},[28,46614,46615],{},[45,46616,3764,46617,3697],{"href":3071},[17,46618,3074],{},[28,46620,46621],{},[45,46622,46095],{"href":46094},[28,46624,46625],{},[45,46626,3764,46628,3697],{"href":46627},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[17,46629,46630],{},"print()",[2122,46632,46633],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":46635},[46636,46637,46639,46640,46642,46648,46656,46657,46658,46667],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":45100,"depth":103,"text":46638},"What input() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":45329,"depth":103,"text":46641},"What input() returns",{"id":45531,"depth":103,"text":45532,"children":46643},[46644,46645,46647],{"id":45535,"depth":124,"text":45536},{"id":45588,"depth":124,"text":46646},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45659,"depth":124,"text":45660},{"id":45893,"depth":103,"text":45894,"children":46649},[46650,46652,46653,46655],{"id":45902,"depth":124,"text":46651},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45970,"depth":124,"text":45971},{"id":46045,"depth":124,"text":46654},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46098,"depth":124,"text":46099},{"id":46190,"depth":103,"text":46191},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":46659},[46660,46662,46664,46666],{"id":46537,"depth":124,"text":46661},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46551,"depth":124,"text":46663},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46563,"depth":124,"text":46665},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46582,"depth":124,"text":46583},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42374,"description":46668},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46675,"title":42276,"body":46676,"description":48989,"extension":2153,"meta":48990,"navigation":127,"path":48991,"seo":48992,"stem":48993,"__hash__":48994},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46677,"toc":48941},[46678,46683,46688,46693,46714,46717,46719,46779,46781,46800,46805,46810,46815,46817,46830,46832,46915,46917,46958,46964,46966,46996,47002,47005,47022,47024,47076,47078,47096,47102,47108,47111,47129,47131,47204,47206,47225,47232,47238,47243,47246,47306,47308,47327,47330,47333,47348,47354,47358,47419,47421,47442,47446,47575,47577,47707,47717,47723,47729,47737,47803,47805,47830,47833,47850,47863,47869,47872,47905,47907,47920,47923,47966,47968,47976,47983,47987,47994,47998,48025,48027,48035,48041,48058,48063,48067,48094,48096,48104,48108,48113,48116,48142,48145,48154,48162,48166,48176,48180,48183,48185,48236,48238,48268,48278,48305,48307,48315,48325,48329,48332,48334,48382,48384,48428,48434,48485,48487,48506,48511,48516,48519,48538,48541,48593,48595,48604,48606,48610,48614,48617,48626,48633,48635,48662,48666,48668,48677,48680,48687,48693,48753,48757,48759,48767,48770,48796,48802,48805,48825,48827,48836,48844,48846,48852,48857,48864,48874,48880,48888,48892,48895,48897,48938],[10,46679,3764,46681,3768],{"id":46680},"python-int-function-explained",[17,46682,3067],{},[14,46684,32502,46685,46687],{},[17,46686,3067],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46689,35591,46690,46692],{},[17,46691,3067],{}," when they want to:",[25,46694,46695,46705,46708,46711],{},[28,46696,46697,46698,46701,46702],{},"turn text like ",[17,46699,46700],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[17,46703,46704],{},"42",[28,46706,46707],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[28,46709,46710],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[28,46712,46713],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46715,46716],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[53,46718,56],{"id":55},[58,46720,46722],{"className":60,"code":46721,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[17,46723,46724,46742,46756],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,46725,46726,46728,46730,46732,46734,46736,46738,46740],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,46727,135],{"class":134},[67,46729,138],{"class":81},[67,46731,2376],{"class":362},[67,46733,138],{"class":81},[67,46735,240],{"class":239},[67,46737,46704],{"class":243},[67,46739,240],{"class":239},[67,46741,1426],{"class":81},[67,46743,46744,46746,46748,46750,46752,46754],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,46745,135],{"class":134},[67,46747,138],{"class":81},[67,46749,2376],{"class":362},[67,46751,138],{"class":81},[67,46753,42164],{"class":85},[67,46755,1426],{"class":81},[67,46757,46758,46760,46762,46764,46766,46768,46771,46773,46775,46777],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,46759,135],{"class":134},[67,46761,138],{"class":81},[67,46763,2376],{"class":362},[67,46765,138],{"class":81},[67,46767,240],{"class":239},[67,46769,46770],{"class":243},"101",[67,46772,240],{"class":239},[67,46774,89],{"class":81},[67,46776,3182],{"class":85},[67,46778,1426],{"class":81},[14,46780,159],{},[58,46782,46784],{"className":60,"code":46783,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"42\n3\n5\n",[17,46785,46786,46791,46796],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,46787,46788],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,46789,46790],{"class":85},"42\n",[67,46792,46793],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,46794,46795],{"class":85},"3\n",[67,46797,46798],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,46799,3137],{"class":85},[14,46801,185,46802,46804],{},[17,46803,3067],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[53,46806,3867,46808,3870],{"id":46807},"what-int-does",[17,46809,3067],{},[14,46811,46812,46814],{},[17,46813,3067],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46816,13241],{},[25,46818,46819,46824,46827],{},[28,46820,46821,46822,7531],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[17,46823,2376],{},[28,46825,46826],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[28,46828,46829],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46831,222],{},[58,46833,46835],{"className":60,"code":46834,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,46836,46837,46849,46863,46867,46877,46887,46901],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,46838,46839,46841,46843,46845,46847],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,46840,34873],{"class":73},[67,46842,78],{"class":77},[67,46844,251],{"class":239},[67,46846,9380],{"class":243},[67,46848,3547],{"class":239},[67,46850,46851,46853,46855,46857,46859,46861],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,46852,2403],{"class":73},[67,46854,78],{"class":77},[67,46856,1592],{"class":362},[67,46858,138],{"class":81},[67,46860,34894],{"class":117},[67,46862,144],{"class":81},[67,46864,46865],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,46866,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,46868,46869,46871,46873,46875],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,46870,135],{"class":134},[67,46872,138],{"class":81},[67,46874,34894],{"class":117},[67,46876,144],{"class":81},[67,46878,46879,46881,46883,46885],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,46880,135],{"class":134},[67,46882,138],{"class":81},[67,46884,2426],{"class":117},[67,46886,144],{"class":81},[67,46888,46889,46891,46893,46895,46897,46899],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,46890,135],{"class":134},[67,46892,138],{"class":81},[67,46894,2011],{"class":362},[67,46896,138],{"class":81},[67,46898,34894],{"class":117},[67,46900,1426],{"class":81},[67,46902,46903,46905,46907,46909,46911,46913],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,46904,135],{"class":134},[67,46906,138],{"class":81},[67,46908,2011],{"class":362},[67,46910,138],{"class":81},[67,46912,2426],{"class":117},[67,46914,1426],{"class":81},[14,46916,159],{},[58,46918,46920],{"className":60,"code":46919,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,46921,46922,46926,46930,46944],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,46923,46924],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,46925,2899],{"class":85},[67,46927,46928],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,46929,2899],{"class":85},[67,46931,46932,46934,46936,46938,46940,46942],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,46933,1397],{"class":77},[67,46935,3482],{"class":2254},[67,46937,342],{"class":239},[67,46939,1526],{"class":243},[67,46941,333],{"class":239},[67,46943,3491],{"class":77},[67,46945,46946,46948,46950,46952,46954,46956],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,46947,1397],{"class":77},[67,46949,3482],{"class":2254},[67,46951,342],{"class":239},[67,46953,2376],{"class":243},[67,46955,333],{"class":239},[67,46957,3491],{"class":77},[14,46959,46960,46961,46963],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[17,46962,3067],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[53,46965,352],{"id":351},[58,46967,46969],{"className":60,"code":46968,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[17,46970,46971,46981],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,46972,46973,46975,46977,46979],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,46974,2376],{"class":362},[67,46976,138],{"class":81},[67,46978,2361],{"class":117},[67,46980,144],{"class":81},[67,46982,46983,46985,46987,46989,46991,46994],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,46984,2376],{"class":362},[67,46986,138],{"class":81},[67,46988,2361],{"class":117},[67,46990,89],{"class":81},[67,46992,46993],{"class":117}," base",[67,46995,144],{"class":81},[1109,46997,46999],{"id":46998},"intx",[17,47000,47001],{},"int(x)",[14,47003,47004],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[25,47006,47007,47012,47017],{},[28,47008,47009,47010],{},"a string such as ",[17,47011,42306],{},[28,47013,47014,47015],{},"a float such as ",[17,47016,42164],{},[28,47018,47019,47020],{},"a boolean such as ",[17,47021,3793],{},[14,47023,222],{},[58,47025,47027],{"className":60,"code":47026,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[17,47028,47029,47047,47062],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47030,47031,47033,47035,47037,47039,47041,47043,47045],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47032,135],{"class":134},[67,47034,138],{"class":81},[67,47036,2376],{"class":362},[67,47038,138],{"class":81},[67,47040,240],{"class":239},[67,47042,86],{"class":243},[67,47044,240],{"class":239},[67,47046,1426],{"class":81},[67,47048,47049,47051,47053,47055,47057,47060],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47050,135],{"class":134},[67,47052,138],{"class":81},[67,47054,2376],{"class":362},[67,47056,138],{"class":81},[67,47058,47059],{"class":85},"8.7",[67,47061,1426],{"class":81},[67,47063,47064,47066,47068,47070,47072,47074],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,47065,135],{"class":134},[67,47067,138],{"class":81},[67,47069,2376],{"class":362},[67,47071,138],{"class":81},[67,47073,3793],{"class":4043},[67,47075,1426],{"class":81},[14,47077,159],{},[58,47079,47081],{"className":60,"code":47080,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"10\n8\n1\n",[17,47082,47083,47087,47091],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47084,47085],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47086,2563],{"class":85},[67,47088,47089],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47090,2568],{"class":85},[67,47092,47093],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,47094,47095],{"class":85},"1\n",[1109,47097,47099],{"id":47098},"intx-base",[17,47100,47101],{},"int(x, base)",[14,47103,47104,47105,47107],{},"Use this form when ",[17,47106,2361],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,47109,47110],{},"Common bases:",[25,47112,47113,47118,47123],{},[28,47114,47115,47117],{},[17,47116,2245],{}," for binary",[28,47119,47120,47122],{},[17,47121,2532],{}," for octal",[28,47124,47125,47128],{},[17,47126,47127],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,47130,222],{},[58,47132,47134],{"className":60,"code":47133,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[17,47135,47136,47158,47181],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47137,47138,47140,47142,47144,47146,47148,47150,47152,47154,47156],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47139,135],{"class":134},[67,47141,138],{"class":81},[67,47143,2376],{"class":362},[67,47145,138],{"class":81},[67,47147,240],{"class":239},[67,47149,46770],{"class":243},[67,47151,240],{"class":239},[67,47153,89],{"class":81},[67,47155,3182],{"class":85},[67,47157,1426],{"class":81},[67,47159,47160,47162,47164,47166,47168,47170,47173,47175,47177,47179],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47161,135],{"class":134},[67,47163,138],{"class":81},[67,47165,2376],{"class":362},[67,47167,138],{"class":81},[67,47169,240],{"class":239},[67,47171,47172],{"class":243},"17",[67,47174,240],{"class":239},[67,47176,89],{"class":81},[67,47178,6552],{"class":85},[67,47180,1426],{"class":81},[67,47182,47183,47185,47187,47189,47191,47193,47196,47198,47200,47202],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,47184,135],{"class":134},[67,47186,138],{"class":81},[67,47188,2376],{"class":362},[67,47190,138],{"class":81},[67,47192,240],{"class":239},[67,47194,47195],{"class":243},"1A",[67,47197,240],{"class":239},[67,47199,89],{"class":81},[67,47201,14174],{"class":85},[67,47203,1426],{"class":81},[14,47205,159],{},[58,47207,47209],{"className":60,"code":47208,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"5\n15\n26\n",[17,47210,47211,47215,47220],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47212,47213],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47214,3137],{"class":85},[67,47216,47217],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47218,47219],{"class":85},"15\n",[67,47221,47222],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,47223,47224],{"class":85},"26\n",[14,47226,47227,47228,114],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[45,47229,47230,2490],{"href":3071},[17,47231,3074],{},[53,47233,8604,47235,47237],{"id":47234},"using-int-with-strings",[17,47236,3067],{}," with strings",[14,47239,47240,47242],{},[17,47241,3067],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,47244,47245],{},"Examples that work:",[58,47247,47249],{"className":60,"code":47248,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[17,47250,47251,47269,47287],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47252,47253,47255,47257,47259,47261,47263,47265,47267],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47254,135],{"class":134},[67,47256,138],{"class":81},[67,47258,2376],{"class":362},[67,47260,138],{"class":81},[67,47262,240],{"class":239},[67,47264,1308],{"class":243},[67,47266,240],{"class":239},[67,47268,1426],{"class":81},[67,47270,47271,47273,47275,47277,47279,47281,47283,47285],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47272,135],{"class":134},[67,47274,138],{"class":81},[67,47276,2376],{"class":362},[67,47278,138],{"class":81},[67,47280,240],{"class":239},[67,47282,2479],{"class":243},[67,47284,240],{"class":239},[67,47286,1426],{"class":81},[67,47288,47289,47291,47293,47295,47297,47299,47302,47304],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,47290,135],{"class":134},[67,47292,138],{"class":81},[67,47294,2376],{"class":362},[67,47296,138],{"class":81},[67,47298,240],{"class":239},[67,47300,47301],{"class":243},"  42  ",[67,47303,240],{"class":239},[67,47305,1426],{"class":81},[14,47307,159],{},[58,47309,47311],{"className":60,"code":47310,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"5\n-12\n42\n",[17,47312,47313,47317,47323],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47314,47315],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47316,3137],{"class":85},[67,47318,47319,47321],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47320,869],{"class":77},[67,47322,2411],{"class":85},[67,47324,47325],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,47326,46790],{"class":85},[14,47328,47329],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47331,47332],{},"Examples that fail:",[58,47334,47336],{"className":60,"code":47335,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[17,47337,47338,47343],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47339,47340],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47341,47342],{"class":3852},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[67,47344,47345],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47346,47347],{"class":3852},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47349,47350,47351,47353],{},"These raise ",[17,47352,40883],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1109,47355,47357],{"id":47356},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[58,47359,47361],{"className":60,"code":47360,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[17,47362,47363,47381,47400],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47364,47365,47367,47369,47371,47373,47375,47377,47379],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47366,135],{"class":134},[67,47368,138],{"class":81},[67,47370,2376],{"class":362},[67,47372,138],{"class":81},[67,47374,240],{"class":239},[67,47376,1031],{"class":243},[67,47378,240],{"class":239},[67,47380,1426],{"class":81},[67,47382,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391,47393,47396,47398],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47384,135],{"class":134},[67,47386,138],{"class":81},[67,47388,2376],{"class":362},[67,47390,138],{"class":81},[67,47392,240],{"class":239},[67,47394,47395],{"class":243},"+7",[67,47397,240],{"class":239},[67,47399,1426],{"class":81},[67,47401,47402,47404,47406,47408,47410,47412,47415,47417],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,47403,135],{"class":134},[67,47405,138],{"class":81},[67,47407,2376],{"class":362},[67,47409,138],{"class":81},[67,47411,240],{"class":239},[67,47413,47414],{"class":243},"-100",[67,47416,240],{"class":239},[67,47418,1426],{"class":81},[14,47420,159],{},[58,47422,47424],{"className":60,"code":47423,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"0\n7\n-100\n",[17,47425,47426,47431,47435],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47427,47428],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47429,47430],{"class":85},"0\n",[67,47432,47433],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47434,2269],{"class":85},[67,47436,47437,47439],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,47438,869],{"class":77},[67,47440,47441],{"class":85},"100\n",[1109,47443,47445],{"id":47444},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[58,47447,47449],{"className":60,"code":47448,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[17,47450,47451,47489,47493,47505,47512,47527,47542],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47452,47453,47455,47457,47459,47461,47463,47465,47467,47469,47472,47474,47476,47478,47480,47482,47485,47487],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47454,4014],{"class":73},[67,47456,78],{"class":77},[67,47458,82],{"class":81},[67,47460,240],{"class":239},[67,47462,40322],{"class":243},[67,47464,240],{"class":239},[67,47466,89],{"class":81},[67,47468,251],{"class":239},[67,47470,47471],{"class":243},"12abc",[67,47473,240],{"class":239},[67,47475,89],{"class":81},[67,47477,6318],{"class":239},[67,47479,89],{"class":81},[67,47481,251],{"class":239},[67,47483,47484],{"class":243},"seven",[67,47486,240],{"class":239},[67,47488,100],{"class":81},[67,47490,47491],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47492,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,47494,47495,47497,47499,47501,47503],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,47496,6150],{"class":1167},[67,47498,21773],{"class":73},[67,47500,4074],{"class":1167},[67,47502,4077],{"class":73},[67,47504,1223],{"class":81},[67,47506,47507,47510],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,47508,47509],{"class":1167},"    try",[67,47511,1223],{"class":81},[67,47513,47514,47517,47519,47521,47523,47525],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,47515,47516],{"class":134},"        print",[67,47518,138],{"class":81},[67,47520,2376],{"class":362},[67,47522,138],{"class":81},[67,47524,2661],{"class":117},[67,47526,1426],{"class":81},[67,47528,47529,47532,47534,47537,47540],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,47530,47531],{"class":1167},"    except",[67,47533,42106],{"class":362},[67,47535,47536],{"class":1167}," as",[67,47538,47539],{"class":73}," error",[67,47541,1223],{"class":81},[67,47543,47544,47546,47548,47550,47552,47554,47556,47559,47561,47564,47566,47569,47571,47573],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,47545,47516],{"class":134},[67,47547,138],{"class":81},[67,47549,22483],{"class":2254},[67,47551,240],{"class":243},[67,47553,9465],{"class":85},[67,47555,2661],{"class":117},[67,47557,47558],{"class":2254},"!r",[67,47560,22492],{"class":85},[67,47562,47563],{"class":243}," -> ",[67,47565,9465],{"class":85},[67,47567,47568],{"class":117},"error",[67,47570,22492],{"class":85},[67,47572,240],{"class":243},[67,47574,144],{"class":81},[14,47576,159],{},[58,47578,47580],{"className":60,"code":47579,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[17,47581,47582,47618,47650,47675],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47583,47584,47586,47588,47590,47593,47596,47598,47600,47602,47605,47608,47610,47612,47614,47616],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47585,333],{"class":43508},[67,47587,40322],{"class":43512},[67,47589,333],{"class":43508},[67,47591,47592],{"class":37546}," ->",[67,47594,47595],{"class":73}," invalid literal ",[67,47597,6150],{"class":1167},[67,47599,1592],{"class":362},[67,47601,7557],{"class":81},[67,47603,47604],{"class":1167}," with",[67,47606,47607],{"class":73}," base ",[67,47609,86],{"class":85},[67,47611,1161],{"class":81},[67,47613,342],{"class":239},[67,47615,40322],{"class":243},[67,47617,29887],{"class":239},[67,47619,47620,47622,47624,47626,47628,47630,47632,47634,47636,47638,47640,47642,47644,47646,47648],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47621,333],{"class":239},[67,47623,47471],{"class":243},[67,47625,333],{"class":239},[67,47627,47592],{"class":37546},[67,47629,47595],{"class":73},[67,47631,6150],{"class":1167},[67,47633,1592],{"class":362},[67,47635,7557],{"class":81},[67,47637,47604],{"class":1167},[67,47639,47607],{"class":73},[67,47641,86],{"class":85},[67,47643,1161],{"class":81},[67,47645,342],{"class":239},[67,47647,47471],{"class":243},[67,47649,29887],{"class":239},[67,47651,47652,47654,47656,47658,47660,47662,47664,47666,47668,47670,47672],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,47653,3965],{"class":239},[67,47655,47592],{"class":37546},[67,47657,47595],{"class":73},[67,47659,6150],{"class":1167},[67,47661,1592],{"class":362},[67,47663,7557],{"class":81},[67,47665,47604],{"class":1167},[67,47667,47607],{"class":73},[67,47669,86],{"class":85},[67,47671,1161],{"class":81},[67,47673,47674],{"class":239}," ''\n",[67,47676,47677,47679,47681,47683,47685,47687,47689,47691,47693,47695,47697,47699,47701,47703,47705],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,47678,333],{"class":239},[67,47680,47484],{"class":243},[67,47682,333],{"class":239},[67,47684,47592],{"class":37546},[67,47686,47595],{"class":73},[67,47688,6150],{"class":1167},[67,47690,1592],{"class":362},[67,47692,7557],{"class":81},[67,47694,47604],{"class":1167},[67,47696,47607],{"class":73},[67,47698,86],{"class":85},[67,47700,1161],{"class":81},[67,47702,342],{"class":239},[67,47704,47484],{"class":243},[67,47706,29887],{"class":239},[14,47708,47709,47710,47712,47713,114],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[45,47711,9167],{"href":9166}," and the ",[45,47714,47715,2490],{"href":8407},[17,47716,3148],{},[53,47718,8604,47720,47722],{"id":47719},"using-int-with-floats",[17,47721,3067],{}," with floats",[14,47724,47725,47726,47728],{},"When you pass a float to ",[17,47727,3067],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47730,47731,47732,14240,47734,47736],{},"Important: ",[17,47733,3067],{},[3934,47735,4820],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[58,47738,47740],{"className":60,"code":47739,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[17,47741,47742,47756,47771,47787],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47743,47744,47746,47748,47750,47752,47754],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47745,135],{"class":134},[67,47747,138],{"class":81},[67,47749,2376],{"class":362},[67,47751,138],{"class":81},[67,47753,42164],{"class":85},[67,47755,1426],{"class":81},[67,47757,47758,47760,47762,47764,47766,47769],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47759,135],{"class":134},[67,47761,138],{"class":81},[67,47763,2376],{"class":362},[67,47765,138],{"class":81},[67,47767,47768],{"class":85},"3.1",[67,47770,1426],{"class":81},[67,47772,47773,47775,47777,47779,47781,47783,47785],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,47774,135],{"class":134},[67,47776,138],{"class":81},[67,47778,2376],{"class":362},[67,47780,138],{"class":81},[67,47782,869],{"class":77},[67,47784,42164],{"class":85},[67,47786,1426],{"class":81},[67,47788,47789,47791,47793,47795,47797,47799,47801],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,47790,135],{"class":134},[67,47792,138],{"class":81},[67,47794,2376],{"class":362},[67,47796,138],{"class":81},[67,47798,869],{"class":77},[67,47800,47768],{"class":85},[67,47802,1426],{"class":81},[14,47804,159],{},[58,47806,47808],{"className":60,"code":47807,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[17,47809,47810,47814,47818,47824],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47811,47812],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47813,46795],{"class":85},[67,47815,47816],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47817,46795],{"class":85},[67,47819,47820,47822],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,47821,869],{"class":77},[67,47823,46795],{"class":85},[67,47825,47826,47828],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,47827,869],{"class":77},[67,47829,46795],{"class":85},[14,47831,47832],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[25,47834,47835,47842],{},[28,47836,47837,42335,47840],{},[17,47838,47839],{},"int(3.9)",[17,47841,2251],{},[28,47843,47844,42335,47847],{},[17,47845,47846],{},"int(-3.9)",[17,47848,47849],{},"-3",[14,47851,47852,47853,47857,47858,114],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[45,47854,47855],{"href":3071},[17,47856,3074],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[45,47859,47860],{"href":42355},[17,47861,47862],{},"str()",[53,47864,8604,47866,47868],{"id":47865},"using-int-with-booleans",[17,47867,3067],{}," with booleans",[14,47870,47871],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[58,47873,47875],{"className":60,"code":47874,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[17,47876,47877,47891],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47878,47879,47881,47883,47885,47887,47889],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47880,135],{"class":134},[67,47882,138],{"class":81},[67,47884,2376],{"class":362},[67,47886,138],{"class":81},[67,47888,3793],{"class":4043},[67,47890,1426],{"class":81},[67,47892,47893,47895,47897,47899,47901,47903],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47894,135],{"class":134},[67,47896,138],{"class":81},[67,47898,2376],{"class":362},[67,47900,138],{"class":81},[67,47902,3863],{"class":4043},[67,47904,1426],{"class":81},[14,47906,159],{},[58,47908,47910],{"className":60,"code":47909,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"1\n0\n",[17,47911,47912,47916],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47913,47914],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47915,47095],{"class":85},[67,47917,47918],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47919,47430],{"class":85},[14,47921,47922],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[58,47924,47926],{"className":60,"code":47925,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[17,47927,47928,47937,47952,47956],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47929,47930,47933,47935],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47931,47932],{"class":73},"passed ",[67,47934,78],{"class":77},[67,47936,6614],{"class":4043},[67,47938,47939,47941,47943,47945,47947,47950],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,47940,41362],{"class":73},[67,47942,78],{"class":77},[67,47944,1592],{"class":362},[67,47946,138],{"class":81},[67,47948,47949],{"class":117},"passed",[67,47951,144],{"class":81},[67,47953,47954],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,47955,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,47957,47958,47960,47962,47964],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,47959,135],{"class":134},[67,47961,138],{"class":81},[67,47963,41391],{"class":117},[67,47965,144],{"class":81},[14,47967,159],{},[58,47969,47970],{"className":60,"code":47095,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,47971,47972],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,47973,47974],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,47975,47095],{"class":85},[14,47977,47978,47979,114],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[45,47980,47981,2490],{"href":5972},[17,47982,4004],{},[53,47984,47986],{"id":47985},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47988,47989,47990,47993],{},"Use the ",[17,47991,47992],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1109,47995,47997],{"id":47996},"binary-example","Binary example",[58,47999,48001],{"className":60,"code":48000,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[17,48002,48003],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48004,48005,48007,48009,48011,48013,48015,48017,48019,48021,48023],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48006,135],{"class":134},[67,48008,138],{"class":81},[67,48010,2376],{"class":362},[67,48012,138],{"class":81},[67,48014,240],{"class":239},[67,48016,46770],{"class":243},[67,48018,240],{"class":239},[67,48020,89],{"class":81},[67,48022,3182],{"class":85},[67,48024,1426],{"class":81},[14,48026,159],{},[58,48028,48029],{"className":60,"code":3137,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,48030,48031],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48032,48033],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48034,3137],{"class":85},[14,48036,48037,48040],{},[17,48038,48039],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[25,48042,48043,48048,48053],{},[28,48044,48045],{},[17,48046,48047],{},"1 × 4",[28,48049,48050],{},[17,48051,48052],{},"0 × 2",[28,48054,48055],{},[17,48056,48057],{},"1 × 1",[14,48059,48060,48061,114],{},"So the result is ",[17,48062,1308],{},[1109,48064,48066],{"id":48065},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[58,48068,48070],{"className":60,"code":48069,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[17,48071,48072],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48073,48074,48076,48078,48080,48082,48084,48086,48088,48090,48092],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48075,135],{"class":134},[67,48077,138],{"class":81},[67,48079,2376],{"class":362},[67,48081,138],{"class":81},[67,48083,240],{"class":239},[67,48085,47195],{"class":243},[67,48087,240],{"class":239},[67,48089,89],{"class":81},[67,48091,14174],{"class":85},[67,48093,1426],{"class":81},[14,48095,159],{},[58,48097,48098],{"className":60,"code":47224,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,48099,48100],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48101,48102],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48103,47224],{"class":85},[1109,48105,48107],{"id":48106},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,48109,379,48110,48112],{},[17,48111,47992],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,48114,48115],{},"Good:",[58,48117,48118],{"className":60,"code":48000,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,48119,48120],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48121,48122,48124,48126,48128,48130,48132,48134,48136,48138,48140],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48123,135],{"class":134},[67,48125,138],{"class":81},[67,48127,2376],{"class":362},[67,48129,138],{"class":81},[67,48131,240],{"class":239},[67,48133,46770],{"class":243},[67,48135,240],{"class":239},[67,48137,89],{"class":81},[67,48139,3182],{"class":85},[67,48141,1426],{"class":81},[14,48143,48144],{},"Not correct:",[58,48146,48148],{"className":60,"code":48147,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# int(101, 2)\n",[17,48149,48150],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48151,48152],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48153,48147],{"class":3852},[14,48155,48156,48157,8788,48159,48161],{},"That causes a ",[17,48158,1519],{},[17,48160,47992],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[53,48163,48165],{"id":48164},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,48167,48168,48169,48171,48172,961,48174,114],{},"Two common errors with ",[17,48170,3067],{}," are ",[17,48173,40883],{},[17,48175,1519],{},[1109,48177,48178],{"id":41693},[17,48179,40883],{},[14,48181,48182],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,48184,222],{},[58,48186,48188],{"className":60,"code":48187,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[17,48189,48190,48196,48214,48226],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48191,48192,48194],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48193,1190],{"class":1167},[67,48195,1223],{"class":81},[67,48197,48198,48200,48202,48204,48206,48208,48210,48212],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,48199,1228],{"class":134},[67,48201,138],{"class":81},[67,48203,2376],{"class":362},[67,48205,138],{"class":81},[67,48207,240],{"class":239},[67,48209,40322],{"class":243},[67,48211,240],{"class":239},[67,48213,1426],{"class":81},[67,48215,48216,48218,48220,48222,48224],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,48217,1193],{"class":1167},[67,48219,42106],{"class":362},[67,48221,47536],{"class":1167},[67,48223,47539],{"class":73},[67,48225,1223],{"class":81},[67,48227,48228,48230,48232,48234],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,48229,1228],{"class":134},[67,48231,138],{"class":81},[67,48233,47568],{"class":117},[67,48235,144],{"class":81},[14,48237,159],{},[58,48239,48241],{"className":60,"code":48240,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[17,48242,48243],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48244,48245,48248,48250,48252,48254,48256,48258,48260,48262,48264,48266],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48246,48247],{"class":73},"invalid literal ",[67,48249,6150],{"class":1167},[67,48251,1592],{"class":362},[67,48253,7557],{"class":81},[67,48255,47604],{"class":1167},[67,48257,47607],{"class":73},[67,48259,86],{"class":85},[67,48261,1161],{"class":81},[67,48263,342],{"class":239},[67,48265,40322],{"class":243},[67,48267,29887],{"class":239},[14,48269,48270,48271,48274,48275,48277],{},"A decimal string like ",[17,48272,48273],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[17,48276,3067],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[58,48279,48281],{"className":60,"code":48280,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[17,48282,48283],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48284,48285,48287,48289,48291,48293,48295,48297,48299,48301,48303],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48286,135],{"class":134},[67,48288,138],{"class":81},[67,48290,2376],{"class":362},[67,48292,138],{"class":81},[67,48294,2379],{"class":362},[67,48296,138],{"class":81},[67,48298,240],{"class":239},[67,48300,40322],{"class":243},[67,48302,240],{"class":239},[67,48304,3102],{"class":81},[14,48306,159],{},[58,48308,48309],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,48310,48311],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48312,48313],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48314,46795],{"class":85},[14,48316,48317,48318,961,48321,114],{},"If you see this often, read ",[45,48319,48320],{"href":3152},"how to convert string to int in Python",[45,48322,25868,48323],{"href":46094},[17,48324,46095],{},[1109,48326,48327],{"id":41759},[17,48328,1519],{},[14,48330,48331],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48333,222],{},[58,48335,48337],{"className":60,"code":48336,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[17,48338,48339,48345,48359,48372],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48340,48341,48343],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48342,1190],{"class":1167},[67,48344,1223],{"class":81},[67,48346,48347,48349,48351,48353,48355,48357],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,48348,1228],{"class":134},[67,48350,138],{"class":81},[67,48352,2376],{"class":362},[67,48354,138],{"class":81},[67,48356,1103],{"class":4043},[67,48358,1426],{"class":81},[67,48360,48361,48363,48366,48368,48370],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,48362,1193],{"class":1167},[67,48364,48365],{"class":362}," TypeError",[67,48367,47536],{"class":1167},[67,48369,47539],{"class":73},[67,48371,1223],{"class":81},[67,48373,48374,48376,48378,48380],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,48375,1228],{"class":134},[67,48377,138],{"class":81},[67,48379,47568],{"class":117},[67,48381,144],{"class":81},[14,48383,159],{},[58,48385,48387],{"className":60,"code":48386,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[17,48388,48389],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48390,48391,48393,48395,48398,48400,48402,48405,48407,48410,48412,48415,48417,48419,48421,48423,48426],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48392,2376],{"class":362},[67,48394,7557],{"class":81},[67,48396,48397],{"class":73}," argument must be a string",[67,48399,89],{"class":81},[67,48401,44724],{"class":73},[67,48403,48404],{"class":362},"bytes",[67,48406,869],{"class":77},[67,48408,48409],{"class":73},"like ",[67,48411,42578],{"class":362},[67,48413,48414],{"class":77}," or",[67,48416,41019],{"class":73},[67,48418,89],{"class":81},[67,48420,8287],{"class":77},[67,48422,342],{"class":239},[67,48424,48425],{"class":243},"NoneType",[67,48427,29887],{"class":239},[14,48429,48430,48431,48433],{},"Another example is using the ",[17,48432,47992],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[58,48435,48437],{"className":60,"code":48436,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[17,48438,48439,48445,48463,48475],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48440,48441,48443],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48442,1190],{"class":1167},[67,48444,1223],{"class":81},[67,48446,48447,48449,48451,48453,48455,48457,48459,48461],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,48448,1228],{"class":134},[67,48450,138],{"class":81},[67,48452,2376],{"class":362},[67,48454,138],{"class":81},[67,48456,46770],{"class":85},[67,48458,89],{"class":81},[67,48460,3182],{"class":85},[67,48462,1426],{"class":81},[67,48464,48465,48467,48469,48471,48473],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,48466,1193],{"class":1167},[67,48468,48365],{"class":362},[67,48470,47536],{"class":1167},[67,48472,47539],{"class":73},[67,48474,1223],{"class":81},[67,48476,48477,48479,48481,48483],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,48478,1228],{"class":134},[67,48480,138],{"class":81},[67,48482,47568],{"class":117},[67,48484,144],{"class":81},[14,48486,159],{},[58,48488,48490],{"className":60,"code":48489,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[17,48491,48492],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48493,48494,48496,48498,48501,48503],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48495,2376],{"class":362},[67,48497,7557],{"class":81},[67,48499,48500],{"class":73}," can",[67,48502,333],{"class":239},[67,48504,48505],{"class":243},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[53,48507,5151,48509],{"id":48508},"when-to-use-int",[17,48510,3067],{},[14,48512,185,48513,48515],{},[17,48514,3067],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48517,48518],{},"Common uses:",[25,48520,48521,48527,48530,48533],{},[28,48522,48523,48524,48526],{},"Convert user input from ",[17,48525,3148],{}," into integers",[28,48528,48529],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[28,48531,48532],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[28,48534,48535,48536,36795],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[17,48537,47992],{},[14,48539,48540],{},"Example with user input:",[58,48542,48544],{"className":60,"code":48543,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[17,48545,48546,48560,48575,48579],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48547,48548,48551,48553,48555,48558],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48549,48550],{"class":73},"age_text ",[67,48552,78],{"class":77},[67,48554,251],{"class":239},[67,48556,48557],{"class":243},"18",[67,48559,3547],{"class":239},[67,48561,48562,48564,48566,48568,48570,48573],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,48563,21817],{"class":73},[67,48565,78],{"class":77},[67,48567,1592],{"class":362},[67,48569,138],{"class":81},[67,48571,48572],{"class":117},"age_text",[67,48574,144],{"class":81},[67,48576,48577],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,48578,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,48580,48581,48583,48585,48587,48589,48591],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,48582,135],{"class":134},[67,48584,138],{"class":81},[67,48586,21817],{"class":117},[67,48588,2248],{"class":77},[67,48590,5689],{"class":85},[67,48592,144],{"class":81},[14,48594,159],{},[58,48596,48598],{"className":60,"code":48597,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"19\n",[17,48599,48600],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48601,48602],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48603,48597],{"class":85},[53,48605,1907],{"id":1906},[14,48607,14920,48608,114],{},[17,48609,3067],{},[1109,48611,48613],{"id":48612},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48615,48616],{},"This fails:",[58,48618,48620],{"className":60,"code":48619,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[17,48621,48622],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48623,48624],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48625,48619],{"class":3852},[14,48627,48628,48629,48632],{},"Why: ",[17,48630,48631],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48634,19028],{},[58,48636,48638],{"className":60,"code":48637,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[17,48639,48640],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48641,48642,48644,48646,48648,48650,48652,48654,48656,48658,48660],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48643,135],{"class":134},[67,48645,138],{"class":81},[67,48647,2376],{"class":362},[67,48649,138],{"class":81},[67,48651,2379],{"class":362},[67,48653,138],{"class":81},[67,48655,240],{"class":239},[67,48657,41303],{"class":243},[67,48659,240],{"class":239},[67,48661,3102],{"class":81},[1109,48663,48665],{"id":48664},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48667,48616],{},[58,48669,48671],{"className":60,"code":48670,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[17,48672,48673],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48674,48675],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48676,48670],{"class":3852},[14,48678,48679],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1109,48681,48683,48684],{"id":48682},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[17,48685,48686],{},"int(None)",[14,48688,48689,48690,48692],{},"This fails because ",[17,48691,1103],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[58,48694,48696],{"className":60,"code":48695,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[17,48697,48698,48707,48711,48717,48731,48743],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48699,48700,48702,48704],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48701,2634],{"class":73},[67,48703,78],{"class":77},[67,48705,48706],{"class":4043}," None\n",[67,48708,48709],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,48710,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,48712,48713,48715],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,48714,1190],{"class":1167},[67,48716,1223],{"class":81},[67,48718,48719,48721,48723,48725,48727,48729],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,48720,1228],{"class":134},[67,48722,138],{"class":81},[67,48724,2376],{"class":362},[67,48726,138],{"class":81},[67,48728,2661],{"class":117},[67,48730,1426],{"class":81},[67,48732,48733,48735,48737,48739,48741],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,48734,1193],{"class":1167},[67,48736,48365],{"class":362},[67,48738,47536],{"class":1167},[67,48740,47539],{"class":73},[67,48742,1223],{"class":81},[67,48744,48745,48747,48749,48751],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,48746,1228],{"class":134},[67,48748,138],{"class":81},[67,48750,47568],{"class":117},[67,48752,144],{"class":81},[1109,48754,48756],{"id":48755},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48758,48616],{},[58,48760,48761],{"className":60,"code":48147,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,48762,48763],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48764,48765],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48766,48147],{"class":3852},[14,48768,48769],{},"Use a string instead:",[58,48771,48772],{"className":60,"code":48000,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,48773,48774],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48775,48776,48778,48780,48782,48784,48786,48788,48790,48792,48794],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48777,135],{"class":134},[67,48779,138],{"class":81},[67,48781,2376],{"class":362},[67,48783,138],{"class":81},[67,48785,240],{"class":239},[67,48787,46770],{"class":243},[67,48789,240],{"class":239},[67,48791,89],{"class":81},[67,48793,3182],{"class":85},[67,48795,1426],{"class":81},[1109,48797,1930,48799,48801],{"id":48798},"expecting-int-to-round",[17,48800,3067],{}," to round",[14,48803,48804],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[58,48806,48808],{"className":60,"code":48807,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(int(4.9))\n",[17,48809,48810],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48811,48812,48814,48816,48818,48820,48823],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48813,135],{"class":134},[67,48815,138],{"class":81},[67,48817,2376],{"class":362},[67,48819,138],{"class":81},[67,48821,48822],{"class":85},"4.9",[67,48824,1426],{"class":81},[14,48826,159],{},[58,48828,48830],{"className":60,"code":48829,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"4\n",[17,48831,48832],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,48833,48834],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,48835,48829],{"class":85},[14,48837,3359,48838,48840,48841,48843],{},[17,48839,1308],{},", remember that ",[17,48842,3067],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[53,48845,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,48847,12894,48849,48851],{"id":48848},"does-int-round-numbers",[17,48850,3067],{}," round numbers?",[14,48853,46543,48854,48856],{},[17,48855,3067],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1109,48858,5347,48860,48863],{"id":48859},"why-does-int314-fail",[17,48861,48862],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48865,29248,48866,48868,48869,48871,48872,40108],{},[17,48867,48273],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[17,48870,3074],{}," first, then use ",[17,48873,3067],{},[1109,48875,5331,48877,12906],{"id":48876},"what-does-inttrue-return",[17,48878,48879],{},"int(True)",[14,48881,5337,48882,28501,48884,42335,48886,114],{},[17,48883,464],{},[17,48885,3863],{},[17,48887,1031],{},[1109,48889,48891],{"id":48890},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48893,48894],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[53,48896,2094],{"id":2093},[25,48898,48899,48905,48911,48917,48922,48926,48932],{},[28,48900,48901],{},[45,48902,48903,3697],{"href":3071},[17,48904,3074],{},[28,48906,48907],{},[45,48908,48909,3697],{"href":42355},[17,48910,47862],{},[28,48912,48913],{},[45,48914,48915,3697],{"href":5972},[17,48916,4004],{},[28,48918,48919],{},[45,48920,48921],{"href":3152},"How to convert string to int in Python",[28,48923,48924],{},[45,48925,9244],{"href":9166},[28,48927,48928],{},[45,48929,48930,3697],{"href":8407},[17,48931,3148],{},[28,48933,48934],{},[45,48935,30531,48936],{"href":46094},[17,48937,46095],{},[2122,48939,48940],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":48942},[48943,48944,48946,48950,48955,48957,48959,48964,48968,48970,48979,48988],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":46807,"depth":103,"text":48945},"What int() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352,"children":48947},[48948,48949],{"id":46998,"depth":124,"text":47001},{"id":47098,"depth":124,"text":47101},{"id":47234,"depth":103,"text":48951,"children":48952},"Using int() with strings",[48953,48954],{"id":47356,"depth":124,"text":47357},{"id":47444,"depth":124,"text":47445},{"id":47719,"depth":103,"text":48956},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47865,"depth":103,"text":48958},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47985,"depth":103,"text":47986,"children":48960},[48961,48962,48963],{"id":47996,"depth":124,"text":47997},{"id":48065,"depth":124,"text":48066},{"id":48106,"depth":124,"text":48107},{"id":48164,"depth":103,"text":48165,"children":48965},[48966,48967],{"id":41693,"depth":124,"text":40883},{"id":41759,"depth":124,"text":1519},{"id":48508,"depth":103,"text":48969},"When to use int()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":48971},[48972,48973,48974,48976,48977],{"id":48612,"depth":124,"text":48613},{"id":48664,"depth":124,"text":48665},{"id":48682,"depth":124,"text":48975},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48755,"depth":124,"text":48756},{"id":48798,"depth":124,"text":48978},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":48980},[48981,48983,48985,48987],{"id":48848,"depth":124,"text":48982},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48859,"depth":124,"text":48984},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48876,"depth":124,"text":48986},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48890,"depth":124,"text":48891},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42276,"description":48989},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48996,"title":48997,"body":48998,"description":50832,"extension":2153,"meta":50833,"navigation":127,"path":44982,"seo":50834,"stem":50835,"__hash__":50836},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48999,"toc":50788},[49000,49005,49010,49018,49027,49029,49088,49094,49099,49104,49107,49135,49138,49141,49152,49162,49164,49166,49186,49190,49218,49220,49259,49261,49269,49271,49274,49278,49331,49333,49345,49349,49406,49408,49420,49426,49432,49436,49439,49442,49508,49510,49522,49528,49530,49582,49585,49626,49629,49636,49645,49651,49654,49687,49693,49696,49727,49733,49736,49748,49752,49757,49761,49919,49921,49936,49939,49943,50047,50049,50065,50069,50130,50132,50140,50143,50147,50214,50216,50224,50230,50232,50241,50243,50278,50283,50285,50315,50319,50321,50358,50361,50363,50400,50406,50408,50458,50460,50468,50478,50484,50488,50493,50542,50544,50557,50560,50562,50565,50640,50643,50662,50665,50695,50705,50707,50712,50719,50725,50731,50738,50746,50752,50755,50757,50785],[10,49001,3764,49003,3768],{"id":49002},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[17,49004,44985],{},[14,49006,49007,49009],{},[17,49008,44985],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,49011,49012,49013,3068,49015,49017],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[17,49014,3793],{},[17,49016,3863],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,49019,49020,49021,49023,49024,49026],{},"In many cases, ",[17,49022,44985],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[17,49025,2489],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[53,49028,3798],{"id":3797},[58,49030,49032],{"className":60,"code":49031,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[17,49033,49034,49042,49046,49067],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49035,49036,49038,49040],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49037,2634],{"class":73},[67,49039,78],{"class":77},[67,49041,2777],{"class":85},[67,49043,49044],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,49045,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,49047,49048,49050,49052,49055,49057,49059,49061,49063,49065],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,49049,135],{"class":134},[67,49051,138],{"class":81},[67,49053,49054],{"class":134},"isinstance",[67,49056,138],{"class":81},[67,49058,2661],{"class":117},[67,49060,89],{"class":81},[67,49062,1592],{"class":362},[67,49064,5552],{"class":81},[67,49066,44034],{"class":3852},[67,49068,49069,49071,49073,49075,49077,49079,49081,49084,49086],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,49070,135],{"class":134},[67,49072,138],{"class":81},[67,49074,49054],{"class":134},[67,49076,138],{"class":81},[67,49078,2661],{"class":117},[67,49080,89],{"class":81},[67,49082,49083],{"class":362}," str",[67,49085,5552],{"class":81},[67,49087,44051],{"class":3852},[14,49089,185,49090,49093],{},[17,49091,49092],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[53,49095,3867,49097,3870],{"id":49096},"what-isinstance-does",[17,49098,44985],{},[14,49100,49101,49103],{},[17,49102,44985],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,49105,49106],{},"It:",[25,49108,49109,49112,49118,49121],{},[28,49110,49111],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[28,49113,11611,49114,3068,49116],{},[17,49115,3793],{},[17,49117,3863],{},[28,49119,49120],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[28,49122,49123,49124,1550,49126,1550,49128,1550,49130,17260,49133],{},"Is commonly used with ",[17,49125,1526],{},[17,49127,2376],{},[17,49129,363],{},[17,49131,49132],{},"tuple",[17,49134,9007],{},[14,49136,49137],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,49139,49140],{},"For example, you might want to:",[25,49142,49143,49146,49149],{},[28,49144,49145],{},"loop through a list",[28,49147,49148],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[28,49150,49151],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,49153,49154,49155,3068,49158,114],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[45,49156,44977],{"href":49157},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[45,49159,49161],{"href":49160},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[53,49163,352],{"id":351},[14,49165,2347],{},[58,49167,49169],{"className":60,"code":49168,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[17,49170,49171],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49172,49173,49175,49177,49179,49181,49184],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49174,49054],{"class":134},[67,49176,138],{"class":81},[67,49178,42578],{"class":362},[67,49180,89],{"class":81},[67,49182,49183],{"class":117}," classinfo",[67,49185,144],{"class":81},[1109,49187,49189],{"id":49188},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[25,49191,49192,49197,49211],{},[28,49193,49194,49196],{},[17,49195,42578],{}," is the value you want to test",[28,49198,49199,49202,49203,1550,49205,1550,49207,1553,49209],{},[17,49200,49201],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[17,49204,2376],{},[17,49206,1526],{},[17,49208,363],{},[17,49210,9007],{},[28,49212,49213,49214,3068,49216],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[17,49215,3793],{},[17,49217,3863],{},[14,49219,222],{},[58,49221,49223],{"className":60,"code":49222,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[17,49224,49225,49237,49241],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49226,49227,49229,49231,49233,49235],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49228,8065],{"class":73},[67,49230,78],{"class":77},[67,49232,251],{"class":239},[67,49234,11697],{"class":243},[67,49236,3547],{"class":239},[67,49238,49239],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,49240,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,49242,49243,49245,49247,49249,49251,49253,49255,49257],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,49244,135],{"class":134},[67,49246,138],{"class":81},[67,49248,49054],{"class":134},[67,49250,138],{"class":81},[67,49252,7860],{"class":117},[67,49254,89],{"class":81},[67,49256,49083],{"class":362},[67,49258,1426],{"class":81},[14,49260,159],{},[58,49262,49263],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,49264,49265],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49266,49267],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49268,4170],{"class":4043},[53,49270,11663],{"id":11662},[14,49272,49273],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1109,49275,49277],{"id":49276},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[58,49279,49281],{"className":60,"code":49280,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[17,49282,49283,49291,49295,49313],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49284,49285,49287,49289],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49286,2634],{"class":73},[67,49288,78],{"class":77},[67,49290,45405],{"class":85},[67,49292,49293],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,49294,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,49296,49297,49299,49301,49303,49305,49307,49309,49311],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,49298,135],{"class":134},[67,49300,138],{"class":81},[67,49302,49054],{"class":134},[67,49304,138],{"class":81},[67,49306,2661],{"class":117},[67,49308,89],{"class":81},[67,49310,1592],{"class":362},[67,49312,1426],{"class":81},[67,49314,49315,49317,49319,49321,49323,49325,49327,49329],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,49316,135],{"class":134},[67,49318,138],{"class":81},[67,49320,49054],{"class":134},[67,49322,138],{"class":81},[67,49324,2661],{"class":117},[67,49326,89],{"class":81},[67,49328,49083],{"class":362},[67,49330,1426],{"class":81},[14,49332,159],{},[58,49334,49335],{"className":60,"code":44353,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,49336,49337,49341],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49338,49339],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49340,4170],{"class":4043},[67,49342,49343],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,49344,4231],{"class":4043},[1109,49346,49348],{"id":49347},"check-text","Check text",[58,49350,49352],{"className":60,"code":49351,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[17,49353,49354,49366,49370,49388],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49355,49356,49358,49360,49362,49364],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49357,34873],{"class":73},[67,49359,78],{"class":77},[67,49361,251],{"class":239},[67,49363,4036],{"class":243},[67,49365,3547],{"class":239},[67,49367,49368],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,49369,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,49371,49372,49374,49376,49378,49380,49382,49384,49386],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,49373,135],{"class":134},[67,49375,138],{"class":81},[67,49377,49054],{"class":134},[67,49379,138],{"class":81},[67,49381,34894],{"class":117},[67,49383,89],{"class":81},[67,49385,49083],{"class":362},[67,49387,1426],{"class":81},[67,49389,49390,49392,49394,49396,49398,49400,49402,49404],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,49391,135],{"class":134},[67,49393,138],{"class":81},[67,49395,49054],{"class":134},[67,49397,138],{"class":81},[67,49399,34894],{"class":117},[67,49401,89],{"class":81},[67,49403,1592],{"class":362},[67,49405,1426],{"class":81},[14,49407,159],{},[58,49409,49410],{"className":60,"code":44353,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,49411,49412,49416],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49413,49414],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49415,4170],{"class":4043},[67,49417,49418],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,49419,4231],{"class":4043},[14,49421,49422,49423,49425],{},"In both examples, ",[17,49424,44985],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49427,49428,49429,114],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[45,49430,49431],{"href":3152},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[53,49433,49435],{"id":49434},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49437,49438],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49440,49441],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[58,49443,49445],{"className":60,"code":49444,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[17,49446,49447,49456,49460,49484],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49448,49449,49451,49453],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49450,2634],{"class":73},[67,49452,78],{"class":77},[67,49454,49455],{"class":85}," 3.5\n",[67,49457,49458],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,49459,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,49461,49462,49464,49466,49468,49470,49472,49474,49476,49478,49480,49482],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,49463,135],{"class":134},[67,49465,138],{"class":81},[67,49467,49054],{"class":134},[67,49469,138],{"class":81},[67,49471,2661],{"class":117},[67,49473,89],{"class":81},[67,49475,9423],{"class":81},[67,49477,2376],{"class":362},[67,49479,89],{"class":81},[67,49481,40434],{"class":362},[67,49483,3102],{"class":81},[67,49485,49486,49488,49490,49492,49494,49496,49498,49500,49502,49504,49506],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,49487,135],{"class":134},[67,49489,138],{"class":81},[67,49491,49054],{"class":134},[67,49493,138],{"class":81},[67,49495,2661],{"class":117},[67,49497,89],{"class":81},[67,49499,9423],{"class":81},[67,49501,1526],{"class":362},[67,49503,89],{"class":81},[67,49505,22749],{"class":362},[67,49507,3102],{"class":81},[14,49509,159],{},[58,49511,49512],{"className":60,"code":44353,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,49513,49514,49518],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49515,49516],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49517,4170],{"class":4043},[67,49519,49520],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,49521,4231],{"class":4043},[14,49523,49524,49525,49527],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[17,49526,41016],{}," conditions.",[14,49529,8486],{},[58,49531,49533],{"className":60,"code":49532,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[17,49534,49535,49543,49547],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49536,49537,49539,49541],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49538,2634],{"class":73},[67,49540,78],{"class":77},[67,49542,49455],{"class":85},[67,49544,49545],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,49546,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,49548,49549,49551,49553,49555,49557,49559,49561,49563,49565,49567,49570,49572,49574,49576,49578,49580],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,49550,135],{"class":134},[67,49552,138],{"class":81},[67,49554,2011],{"class":362},[67,49556,138],{"class":81},[67,49558,2661],{"class":117},[67,49560,3849],{"class":81},[67,49562,6600],{"class":77},[67,49564,1592],{"class":362},[67,49566,48414],{"class":1167},[67,49568,49569],{"class":362}," type",[67,49571,138],{"class":81},[67,49573,2661],{"class":117},[67,49575,3849],{"class":81},[67,49577,6600],{"class":77},[67,49579,40434],{"class":362},[67,49581,144],{"class":81},[14,49583,49584],{},"you can write this:",[58,49586,49588],{"className":60,"code":49587,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[17,49589,49590,49598,49602],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49591,49592,49594,49596],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49593,2634],{"class":73},[67,49595,78],{"class":77},[67,49597,49455],{"class":85},[67,49599,49600],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,49601,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,49603,49604,49606,49608,49610,49612,49614,49616,49618,49620,49622,49624],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,49605,135],{"class":134},[67,49607,138],{"class":81},[67,49609,49054],{"class":134},[67,49611,138],{"class":81},[67,49613,2661],{"class":117},[67,49615,89],{"class":81},[67,49617,9423],{"class":81},[67,49619,2376],{"class":362},[67,49621,89],{"class":81},[67,49623,40434],{"class":362},[67,49625,3102],{"class":81},[14,49627,49628],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[53,49630,49632,10773,49634],{"id":49631},"isinstance-vs-type",[17,49633,44985],{},[17,49635,2489],{},[14,49637,10778,49638,961,49640,49644],{},[17,49639,44985],{},[45,49641,49642],{"href":2486},[17,49643,2489],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1109,49646,49648],{"id":49647},"typevalue-int",[17,49649,49650],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49652,49653],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[58,49655,49657],{"className":60,"code":49656,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[17,49658,49659,49667],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49660,49661,49663,49665],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49662,2634],{"class":73},[67,49664,78],{"class":77},[67,49666,2777],{"class":85},[67,49668,49669,49671,49673,49675,49677,49679,49681,49683,49685],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,49670,135],{"class":134},[67,49672,138],{"class":81},[67,49674,2011],{"class":362},[67,49676,138],{"class":81},[67,49678,2661],{"class":117},[67,49680,3849],{"class":81},[67,49682,6600],{"class":77},[67,49684,1592],{"class":362},[67,49686,144],{"class":81},[1109,49688,49690],{"id":49689},"isinstancevalue-int",[17,49691,49692],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49694,49695],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[58,49697,49699],{"className":60,"code":49698,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[17,49700,49701,49709],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49702,49703,49705,49707],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49704,2634],{"class":73},[67,49706,78],{"class":77},[67,49708,2777],{"class":85},[67,49710,49711,49713,49715,49717,49719,49721,49723,49725],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,49712,135],{"class":134},[67,49714,138],{"class":81},[67,49716,49054],{"class":134},[67,49718,138],{"class":81},[67,49720,2661],{"class":117},[67,49722,89],{"class":81},[67,49724,1592],{"class":362},[67,49726,1426],{"class":81},[14,49728,49729,49730,49732],{},"For beginners, ",[17,49731,44985],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49734,49735],{},"In everyday code:",[25,49737,49738,49743],{},[28,49739,40169,49740,49742],{},[17,49741,2489],{}," when you need the exact type",[28,49744,40169,49745,49747],{},[17,49746,44985],{}," when you want a practical type check",[53,49749,49751],{"id":49750},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49753,49754,49755,114],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[17,49756,44985],{},[1109,49758,49760],{"id":49759},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[58,49762,49764],{"className":60,"code":49763,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[17,49765,49766,49784,49803,49815,49820,49838,49849,49853,49865,49869,49893],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49767,49768,49770,49773,49775,49777,49779,49782],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49769,35036],{"class":2254},[67,49771,49772],{"class":35039}," repeat_text",[67,49774,138],{"class":81},[67,49776,34894],{"class":37842},[67,49778,89],{"class":81},[67,49780,49781],{"class":37842}," count",[67,49783,1407],{"class":81},[67,49785,49786,49788,49790,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,49787,6590],{"class":1167},[67,49789,8287],{"class":77},[67,49791,49792],{"class":134}," isinstance",[67,49794,138],{"class":81},[67,49796,34894],{"class":117},[67,49798,89],{"class":81},[67,49800,49083],{"class":362},[67,49802,1407],{"class":81},[67,49804,49805,49808,49810,49813],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,49806,49807],{"class":1167},"        return",[67,49809,251],{"class":239},[67,49811,49812],{"class":243},"text must be a string",[67,49814,3547],{"class":239},[67,49816,49817],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,49818,49819],{"class":73},"    \n",[67,49821,49822,49824,49826,49828,49830,49832,49834,49836],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,49823,6590],{"class":1167},[67,49825,8287],{"class":77},[67,49827,49792],{"class":134},[67,49829,138],{"class":81},[67,49831,41439],{"class":117},[67,49833,89],{"class":81},[67,49835,1592],{"class":362},[67,49837,1407],{"class":81},[67,49839,49840,49842,49844,49847],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,49841,49807],{"class":1167},[67,49843,251],{"class":239},[67,49845,49846],{"class":243},"count must be an integer",[67,49848,3547],{"class":239},[67,49850,49851],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,49852,49819],{"class":73},[67,49854,49855,49857,49860,49862],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,49856,35047],{"class":1167},[67,49858,49859],{"class":73}," text ",[67,49861,40051],{"class":77},[67,49863,49864],{"class":73}," count\n",[67,49866,49867],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,49868,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,49870,49871,49873,49875,49878,49880,49882,49885,49887,49889,49891],{"class":69,"line":6628},[67,49872,135],{"class":134},[67,49874,138],{"class":81},[67,49876,49877],{"class":117},"repeat_text",[67,49879,138],{"class":81},[67,49881,240],{"class":239},[67,49883,49884],{"class":243},"Hi ",[67,49886,240],{"class":239},[67,49888,89],{"class":81},[67,49890,2639],{"class":85},[67,49892,1426],{"class":81},[67,49894,49895,49897,49899,49901,49903,49905,49907,49909,49911,49913,49915,49917],{"class":69,"line":11783},[67,49896,135],{"class":134},[67,49898,138],{"class":81},[67,49900,49877],{"class":117},[67,49902,138],{"class":81},[67,49904,240],{"class":239},[67,49906,49884],{"class":243},[67,49908,240],{"class":239},[67,49910,89],{"class":81},[67,49912,251],{"class":239},[67,49914,2251],{"class":243},[67,49916,240],{"class":239},[67,49918,1426],{"class":81},[14,49920,159],{},[58,49922,49924],{"className":60,"code":49923,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[17,49925,49926,49931],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49927,49928],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49929,49930],{"class":73},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[67,49932,49933],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,49934,49935],{"class":73},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49937,49938],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1109,49940,49942],{"id":49941},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[58,49944,49946],{"className":60,"code":49945,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[17,49947,49948,49980,49984,50000,50015,50032],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,49949,49950,49952,49954,49956,49958,49960,49962,49964,49966,49968,49970,49972,49974,49976,49978],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,49951,2634],{"class":73},[67,49953,78],{"class":77},[67,49955,82],{"class":81},[67,49957,240],{"class":239},[67,49959,45],{"class":243},[67,49961,240],{"class":239},[67,49963,89],{"class":81},[67,49965,251],{"class":239},[67,49967,428],{"class":243},[67,49969,240],{"class":239},[67,49971,89],{"class":81},[67,49973,251],{"class":239},[67,49975,437],{"class":243},[67,49977,240],{"class":239},[67,49979,100],{"class":81},[67,49981,49982],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,49983,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,49985,49986,49988,49990,49992,49994,49996,49998],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,49987,1217],{"class":1167},[67,49989,49792],{"class":134},[67,49991,138],{"class":81},[67,49993,2661],{"class":117},[67,49995,89],{"class":81},[67,49997,49083],{"class":362},[67,49999,1407],{"class":81},[67,50001,50002,50004,50006,50008,50011,50013],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,50003,1228],{"class":134},[67,50005,138],{"class":81},[67,50007,240],{"class":239},[67,50009,50010],{"class":243},"This is text",[67,50012,240],{"class":239},[67,50014,144],{"class":81},[67,50016,50017,50020,50022,50024,50026,50028,50030],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,50018,50019],{"class":1167},"elif",[67,50021,49792],{"class":134},[67,50023,138],{"class":81},[67,50025,2661],{"class":117},[67,50027,89],{"class":81},[67,50029,22749],{"class":362},[67,50031,1407],{"class":81},[67,50033,50034,50036,50038,50040,50043,50045],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,50035,1228],{"class":134},[67,50037,138],{"class":81},[67,50039,240],{"class":239},[67,50041,50042],{"class":243},"This is a list",[67,50044,240],{"class":239},[67,50046,144],{"class":81},[14,50048,159],{},[58,50050,50052],{"className":60,"code":50051,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"This is a list\n",[17,50053,50054],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50055,50056,50059,50061,50063],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50057,50058],{"class":73},"This ",[67,50060,12383],{"class":77},[67,50062,44724],{"class":73},[67,50064,1174],{"class":362},[1109,50066,50068],{"id":50067},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[58,50070,50072],{"className":60,"code":50071,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[17,50073,50074,50086,50090,50106,50120],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50075,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50077,2634],{"class":73},[67,50079,78],{"class":77},[67,50081,251],{"class":239},[67,50083,46704],{"class":243},[67,50085,3547],{"class":239},[67,50087,50088],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,50089,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,50091,50092,50094,50096,50098,50100,50102,50104],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,50093,1217],{"class":1167},[67,50095,49792],{"class":134},[67,50097,138],{"class":81},[67,50099,2661],{"class":117},[67,50101,89],{"class":81},[67,50103,49083],{"class":362},[67,50105,1407],{"class":81},[67,50107,50108,50110,50112,50114,50116,50118],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,50109,42070],{"class":73},[67,50111,78],{"class":77},[67,50113,1592],{"class":362},[67,50115,138],{"class":81},[67,50117,2661],{"class":117},[67,50119,144],{"class":81},[67,50121,50122,50124,50126,50128],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,50123,1228],{"class":134},[67,50125,138],{"class":81},[67,50127,2426],{"class":117},[67,50129,144],{"class":81},[14,50131,159],{},[58,50133,50134],{"className":60,"code":46790,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,50135,50136],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50137,50138],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50139,46790],{"class":85},[14,50141,50142],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1109,50144,50146],{"id":50145},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[58,50148,50150],{"className":60,"code":50149,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[17,50151,50152,50176,50180,50196],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50153,50154,50156,50158,50160,50162,50164,50166,50168,50170,50172,50174],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50155,2634],{"class":73},[67,50157,78],{"class":77},[67,50159,10678],{"class":81},[67,50161,240],{"class":239},[67,50163,7860],{"class":243},[67,50165,240],{"class":239},[67,50167,1161],{"class":81},[67,50169,251],{"class":239},[67,50171,986],{"class":243},[67,50173,240],{"class":239},[67,50175,9496],{"class":81},[67,50177,50178],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,50179,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,50181,50182,50184,50186,50188,50190,50192,50194],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,50183,1217],{"class":1167},[67,50185,49792],{"class":134},[67,50187,138],{"class":81},[67,50189,2661],{"class":117},[67,50191,89],{"class":81},[67,50193,9357],{"class":362},[67,50195,1407],{"class":81},[67,50197,50198,50200,50202,50204,50206,50208,50210,50212],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,50199,1228],{"class":134},[67,50201,138],{"class":81},[67,50203,2661],{"class":117},[67,50205,174],{"class":81},[67,50207,240],{"class":239},[67,50209,7860],{"class":243},[67,50211,240],{"class":239},[67,50213,376],{"class":81},[14,50215,159],{},[58,50217,50218],{"className":60,"code":1071,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,50219,50220],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50221,50222],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50223,1071],{"class":73},[14,50225,50226,50227,50229],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[17,50228,1519],{}," messages later.",[53,50231,4707],{"id":4706},[1109,50233,50235,50236,11279,50239],{"id":50234},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[17,50237,50238],{},"\"int\"",[17,50240,2376],{},[14,50242,16831],{},[58,50244,50246],{"className":60,"code":50245,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[17,50247,50248,50256],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50249,50250,50252,50254],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50251,2634],{"class":73},[67,50253,78],{"class":77},[67,50255,2777],{"class":85},[67,50257,50258,50260,50262,50264,50266,50268,50270,50272,50274,50276],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,50259,135],{"class":134},[67,50261,138],{"class":81},[67,50263,49054],{"class":134},[67,50265,138],{"class":81},[67,50267,2661],{"class":117},[67,50269,89],{"class":81},[67,50271,251],{"class":239},[67,50273,2376],{"class":243},[67,50275,240],{"class":239},[67,50277,1426],{"class":81},[14,50279,50280,50282],{},[17,50281,50238],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,50284,16843],{},[58,50286,50287],{"className":60,"code":49698,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,50288,50289,50297],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50290,50291,50293,50295],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50292,2634],{"class":73},[67,50294,78],{"class":77},[67,50296,2777],{"class":85},[67,50298,50299,50301,50303,50305,50307,50309,50311,50313],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,50300,135],{"class":134},[67,50302,138],{"class":81},[67,50304,49054],{"class":134},[67,50306,138],{"class":81},[67,50308,2661],{"class":117},[67,50310,89],{"class":81},[67,50312,1592],{"class":362},[67,50314,1426],{"class":81},[1109,50316,50318],{"id":50317},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50320,16831],{},[58,50322,50324],{"className":60,"code":50323,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[17,50325,50326,50334],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50327,50328,50330,50332],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50329,2634],{"class":73},[67,50331,78],{"class":77},[67,50333,35027],{"class":85},[67,50335,50336,50338,50340,50342,50344,50346,50348,50350,50352,50354,50356],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,50337,135],{"class":134},[67,50339,138],{"class":81},[67,50341,49054],{"class":134},[67,50343,138],{"class":81},[67,50345,2661],{"class":117},[67,50347,89],{"class":81},[67,50349,82],{"class":81},[67,50351,2376],{"class":362},[67,50353,89],{"class":81},[67,50355,40434],{"class":362},[67,50357,3189],{"class":81},[14,50359,50360],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50362,16843],{},[58,50364,50366],{"className":60,"code":50365,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[17,50367,50368,50376],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50369,50370,50372,50374],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50371,2634],{"class":73},[67,50373,78],{"class":77},[67,50375,35027],{"class":85},[67,50377,50378,50380,50382,50384,50386,50388,50390,50392,50394,50396,50398],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,50379,135],{"class":134},[67,50381,138],{"class":81},[67,50383,49054],{"class":134},[67,50385,138],{"class":81},[67,50387,2661],{"class":117},[67,50389,89],{"class":81},[67,50391,9423],{"class":81},[67,50393,2376],{"class":362},[67,50395,89],{"class":81},[67,50397,40434],{"class":362},[67,50399,3102],{"class":81},[1109,50401,25963,50403,50405],{"id":50402},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[17,50404,44985],{}," converts a value",[14,50407,19101],{},[58,50409,50411],{"className":60,"code":50410,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,50412,50413,50426,50444,50448],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50414,50415,50417,50419,50421,50424],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50416,2634],{"class":73},[67,50418,78],{"class":77},[67,50420,251],{"class":239},[67,50422,50423],{"class":243},"123",[67,50425,3547],{"class":239},[67,50427,50428,50430,50432,50434,50436,50438,50440,50442],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,50429,2416],{"class":73},[67,50431,78],{"class":77},[67,50433,49792],{"class":134},[67,50435,138],{"class":81},[67,50437,2661],{"class":117},[67,50439,89],{"class":81},[67,50441,1592],{"class":362},[67,50443,144],{"class":81},[67,50445,50446],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,50447,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,50449,50450,50452,50454,50456],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,50451,135],{"class":134},[67,50453,138],{"class":81},[67,50455,2451],{"class":117},[67,50457,144],{"class":81},[14,50459,159],{},[58,50461,50462],{"className":60,"code":4231,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,50463,50464],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50465,50466],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50467,4231],{"class":4043},[14,50469,50470,50471,50474,50475,50477],{},"This does not convert ",[17,50472,50473],{},"\"123\""," into ",[17,50476,50423],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50479,50480,50481,6823],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[17,50482,50483],{},"int(value)",[1109,50485,50487],{"id":50486},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50489,50490,50492],{},[17,50491,44985],{}," does not modify anything.",[58,50494,50496],{"className":60,"code":50495,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[17,50497,50498,50510,50514,50532],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50499,50500,50502,50504,50506,50508],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50501,2634],{"class":73},[67,50503,78],{"class":77},[67,50505,251],{"class":239},[67,50507,13744],{"class":243},[67,50509,3547],{"class":239},[67,50511,50512],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,50513,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,50515,50516,50518,50520,50522,50524,50526,50528,50530],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,50517,135],{"class":134},[67,50519,138],{"class":81},[67,50521,49054],{"class":134},[67,50523,138],{"class":81},[67,50525,2661],{"class":117},[67,50527,89],{"class":81},[67,50529,49083],{"class":362},[67,50531,1426],{"class":81},[67,50533,50534,50536,50538,50540],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,50535,135],{"class":134},[67,50537,138],{"class":81},[67,50539,2661],{"class":117},[67,50541,144],{"class":81},[14,50543,159],{},[58,50545,50547],{"className":60,"code":50546,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"True\n100\n",[17,50548,50549,50553],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50550,50551],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50552,4170],{"class":4043},[67,50554,50555],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,50556,47441],{"class":85},[14,50558,50559],{},"The value stays the same.",[53,50561,26131],{"id":26130},[14,50563,50564],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[58,50566,50568],{"className":60,"code":50567,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[17,50569,50570,50584,50602,50626],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50571,50572,50574,50576,50578,50580,50582],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50573,135],{"class":134},[67,50575,138],{"class":81},[67,50577,2011],{"class":362},[67,50579,138],{"class":81},[67,50581,2661],{"class":117},[67,50583,1426],{"class":81},[67,50585,50586,50588,50590,50592,50594,50596,50598,50600],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,50587,135],{"class":134},[67,50589,138],{"class":81},[67,50591,49054],{"class":134},[67,50593,138],{"class":81},[67,50595,2661],{"class":117},[67,50597,89],{"class":81},[67,50599,1592],{"class":362},[67,50601,1426],{"class":81},[67,50603,50604,50606,50608,50610,50612,50614,50616,50618,50620,50622,50624],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,50605,135],{"class":134},[67,50607,138],{"class":81},[67,50609,49054],{"class":134},[67,50611,138],{"class":81},[67,50613,2661],{"class":117},[67,50615,89],{"class":81},[67,50617,9423],{"class":81},[67,50619,2376],{"class":362},[67,50621,89],{"class":81},[67,50623,40434],{"class":362},[67,50625,3102],{"class":81},[67,50627,50628,50630,50632,50634,50636,50638],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,50629,135],{"class":134},[67,50631,138],{"class":81},[67,50633,41959],{"class":134},[67,50635,138],{"class":81},[67,50637,2661],{"class":117},[67,50639,1426],{"class":81},[14,50641,50642],{},"These can help when:",[25,50644,50645,50648,50653,50656],{},[28,50646,50647],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[28,50649,50650,50651],{},"you are getting a ",[17,50652,1519],{},[28,50654,50655],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[28,50657,50658,50659,50661],{},"the second argument to ",[17,50660,44985],{}," is invalid",[14,50663,50664],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[25,50666,50667,50681,50687,50692],{},[28,50668,50669,50670,3068,50673,50676,50677,3068,50679],{},"using ",[17,50671,50672],{},"'int'",[17,50674,50675],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[17,50678,2376],{},[17,50680,1526],{},[28,50682,50683,50684,50686],{},"expecting ",[17,50685,44985],{}," to convert a value",[28,50688,50669,50689,50691],{},[17,50690,2489],{}," when inherited types should also match",[28,50693,50694],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50696,50697,50698,114],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[45,50699,50701,50702],{"href":50700},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[17,50703,50704],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[53,50706,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,50708,5331,50710,5334],{"id":50709},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[17,50711,44985],{},[14,50713,5337,50714,50716,50717,114],{},[17,50715,3793],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[17,50718,3863],{},[1109,50720,5359,50722,50724],{"id":50721},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[17,50723,44985],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50726,50727,50728,114],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[17,50729,50730],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1109,50732,5369,50734,961,50736,2681],{"id":50733},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[17,50735,44985],{},[17,50737,2489],{},[14,50739,50740,50742,50743,50745],{},[17,50741,2489],{}," gives the exact type. ",[17,50744,44985],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1109,50747,12894,50749,50751],{"id":50748},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[17,50750,44985],{}," convert a value?",[14,50753,50754],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[53,50756,2094],{"id":2093},[25,50758,50759,50765,50769,50774,50779],{},[28,50760,50761],{},[45,50762,3764,50763,3697],{"href":2486},[17,50764,2489],{},[28,50766,50767],{},[45,50768,44977],{"href":49157},[28,50770,50771],{},[45,50772,50773],{"href":3152},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[28,50775,50776],{},[45,50777,50778],{"href":49160},"What is a data type in Python?",[28,50780,50781],{},[45,50782,50701,50783],{"href":50700},[17,50784,50704],{},[2122,50786,50787],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":50789},[50790,50791,50793,50796,50800,50801,50806,50812,50820,50821,50831],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":49096,"depth":103,"text":50792},"What isinstance() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352,"children":50794},[50795],{"id":49188,"depth":124,"text":49189},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663,"children":50797},[50798,50799],{"id":49276,"depth":124,"text":49277},{"id":49347,"depth":124,"text":49348},{"id":49434,"depth":103,"text":49435},{"id":49631,"depth":103,"text":50802,"children":50803},"isinstance() vs type()",[50804,50805],{"id":49647,"depth":124,"text":49650},{"id":49689,"depth":124,"text":49692},{"id":49750,"depth":103,"text":49751,"children":50807},[50808,50809,50810,50811],{"id":49759,"depth":124,"text":49760},{"id":49941,"depth":124,"text":49942},{"id":50067,"depth":124,"text":50068},{"id":50145,"depth":124,"text":50146},{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":50813},[50814,50816,50817,50819],{"id":50234,"depth":124,"text":50815},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50317,"depth":124,"text":50318},{"id":50402,"depth":124,"text":50818},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50486,"depth":124,"text":50487},{"id":26130,"depth":103,"text":26131},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":50822},[50823,50825,50827,50829],{"id":50709,"depth":124,"text":50824},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50721,"depth":124,"text":50826},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50733,"depth":124,"text":50828},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50748,"depth":124,"text":50830},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48997,"description":50832},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50838,"title":50839,"body":50840,"description":52812,"extension":2153,"meta":52813,"navigation":127,"path":52814,"seo":52815,"stem":52816,"__hash__":52817},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50841,"toc":52787},[50842,50845,50850,50855,50869,50872,50874,50949,50954,50958,50963,50966,50980,50982,51148,51160,51162,51164,51179,51182,51185,51198,51200,51298,51302,51308,51311,51320,51322,51357,51362,51383,51388,51393,51425,51428,51485,51489,51495,51498,51551,51553,51593,51596,51664,51667,51718,51725,51729,51735,51820,51826,51832,51881,51884,51887,51937,51939,51944,51948,51998,52002,52049,52053,52130,52134,52199,52202,52206,52211,52216,52228,52230,52249,52255,52258,52277,52282,52309,52316,52320,52326,52329,52424,52427,52430,52479,52484,52486,52490,52525,52528,52585,52595,52598,52632,52635,52637,52641,52644,52648,52651,52655,52658,52662,52675,52679,52684,52686,52736,52748,52750,52784],[10,50843,50839],{"id":50844},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50846,9309,50847,50849],{},[17,50848,1339],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50851,35591,50852,50854],{},[17,50853,1339],{}," to count:",[25,50856,50857,50860,50863,50866],{},[28,50858,50859],{},"characters in a string",[28,50861,50862],{},"items in a list or tuple",[28,50864,50865],{},"keys in a dictionary",[28,50867,50868],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50870,50871],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[53,50873,56],{"id":55},[58,50875,50877],{"className":60,"code":50876,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[17,50878,50879,50891,50911,50915,50932],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50880,50881,50883,50885,50887,50889],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50882,34873],{"class":73},[67,50884,78],{"class":77},[67,50886,251],{"class":239},[67,50888,4036],{"class":243},[67,50890,3547],{"class":239},[67,50892,50893,50895,50897,50899,50901,50903,50905,50907,50909],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,50894,1131],{"class":73},[67,50896,78],{"class":77},[67,50898,82],{"class":81},[67,50900,86],{"class":85},[67,50902,89],{"class":81},[67,50904,92],{"class":85},[67,50906,89],{"class":81},[67,50908,97],{"class":85},[67,50910,100],{"class":81},[67,50912,50913],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,50914,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,50916,50917,50919,50921,50923,50925,50927,50929],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,50918,135],{"class":134},[67,50920,138],{"class":81},[67,50922,1964],{"class":134},[67,50924,138],{"class":81},[67,50926,34894],{"class":117},[67,50928,5552],{"class":81},[67,50930,50931],{"class":3852},"   # 5\n",[67,50933,50934,50936,50938,50940,50942,50944,50946],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,50935,135],{"class":134},[67,50937,138],{"class":81},[67,50939,1964],{"class":134},[67,50941,138],{"class":81},[67,50943,1141],{"class":117},[67,50945,5552],{"class":81},[67,50947,50948],{"class":3852},"  # 3\n",[14,50950,185,50951,50953],{},[17,50952,1339],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[53,50955,50957],{"id":50956},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,50959,50960,50962],{},[17,50961,1339],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,50964,50965],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[25,50967,50968,50971,50974,50977],{},[28,50969,50970],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[28,50972,50973],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[28,50975,50976],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[28,50978,50979],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50981,222],{},[58,50983,50985],{"className":60,"code":50984,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[17,50986,50987,50999,51024,51056,51076,51080,51097,51114,51131],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,50988,50989,50991,50993,50995,50997],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,50990,8065],{"class":73},[67,50992,78],{"class":77},[67,50994,251],{"class":239},[67,50996,7869],{"class":243},[67,50998,3547],{"class":239},[67,51000,51001,51003,51005,51007,51009,51011,51013,51015,51017,51019,51022],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,51002,74],{"class":73},[67,51004,78],{"class":77},[67,51006,82],{"class":81},[67,51008,86],{"class":85},[67,51010,89],{"class":81},[67,51012,92],{"class":85},[67,51014,89],{"class":81},[67,51016,97],{"class":85},[67,51018,89],{"class":81},[67,51020,51021],{"class":85}," 40",[67,51023,100],{"class":81},[67,51025,51026,51028,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038,51040,51042,51044,51046,51048,51050,51052,51054],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,51027,9352],{"class":73},[67,51029,78],{"class":77},[67,51031,10678],{"class":81},[67,51033,240],{"class":239},[67,51035,45],{"class":243},[67,51037,240],{"class":239},[67,51039,1161],{"class":81},[67,51041,5689],{"class":85},[67,51043,89],{"class":81},[67,51045,251],{"class":239},[67,51047,428],{"class":243},[67,51049,240],{"class":239},[67,51051,1161],{"class":81},[67,51053,3182],{"class":85},[67,51055,9496],{"class":81},[67,51057,51058,51060,51062,51064,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,51059,4014],{"class":73},[67,51061,78],{"class":77},[67,51063,10678],{"class":81},[67,51065,1308],{"class":85},[67,51067,89],{"class":81},[67,51069,37823],{"class":85},[67,51071,89],{"class":81},[67,51073,6185],{"class":85},[67,51075,9496],{"class":81},[67,51077,51078],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,51079,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,51081,51082,51084,51086,51088,51090,51092,51094],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,51083,135],{"class":134},[67,51085,138],{"class":81},[67,51087,1964],{"class":134},[67,51089,138],{"class":81},[67,51091,7860],{"class":117},[67,51093,5552],{"class":81},[67,51095,51096],{"class":3852},"     # 3\n",[67,51098,51099,51101,51103,51105,51107,51109,51111],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,51100,135],{"class":134},[67,51102,138],{"class":81},[67,51104,1964],{"class":134},[67,51106,138],{"class":81},[67,51108,154],{"class":117},[67,51110,5552],{"class":81},[67,51112,51113],{"class":3852},"  # 4\n",[67,51115,51116,51118,51120,51122,51124,51126,51128],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,51117,135],{"class":134},[67,51119,138],{"class":81},[67,51121,1964],{"class":134},[67,51123,138],{"class":81},[67,51125,9391],{"class":117},[67,51127,5552],{"class":81},[67,51129,51130],{"class":3852},"     # 2\n",[67,51132,51133,51135,51137,51139,51141,51143,51145],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,51134,135],{"class":134},[67,51136,138],{"class":81},[67,51138,1964],{"class":134},[67,51140,138],{"class":81},[67,51142,5549],{"class":117},[67,51144,5552],{"class":81},[67,51146,51147],{"class":3852},"   # 3\n",[14,51149,51150,51151,1550,51155,17260,51158,114],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[45,51152,51154],{"href":51153},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[45,51156,51157],{"href":530},"Python lists explained",[45,51159,9342],{"href":9341},[53,51161,352],{"id":351},[14,51163,2347],{},[58,51165,51167],{"className":60,"code":51166,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"len(object)\n",[17,51168,51169],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,51170,51171,51173,51175,51177],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,51172,1964],{"class":134},[67,51174,138],{"class":81},[67,51176,42578],{"class":362},[67,51178,144],{"class":81},[14,51180,51181],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,51183,51184],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[25,51186,51187,51189,51191,51193,51195],{},[28,51188,38087],{},[28,51190,38081],{},[28,51192,38084],{},[28,51194,38090],{},[28,51196,51197],{},"a dictionary",[14,51199,222],{},[58,51201,51203],{"className":60,"code":51202,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[17,51204,51205,51226,51250,51272],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,51206,51207,51209,51211,51213,51215,51217,51219,51221,51223],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,51208,135],{"class":134},[67,51210,138],{"class":81},[67,51212,1964],{"class":134},[67,51214,138],{"class":81},[67,51216,240],{"class":239},[67,51218,62],{"class":243},[67,51220,240],{"class":239},[67,51222,5552],{"class":81},[67,51224,51225],{"class":3852},"      # 6\n",[67,51227,51228,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238,51240,51242,51244,51246,51248],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,51229,135],{"class":134},[67,51231,138],{"class":81},[67,51233,1964],{"class":134},[67,51235,370],{"class":81},[67,51237,464],{"class":85},[67,51239,89],{"class":81},[67,51241,3182],{"class":85},[67,51243,89],{"class":81},[67,51245,2639],{"class":85},[67,51247,4925],{"class":81},[67,51249,51096],{"class":3852},[67,51251,51252,51254,51256,51258,51260,51262,51264,51266,51269],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,51253,135],{"class":134},[67,51255,138],{"class":81},[67,51257,1964],{"class":134},[67,51259,5702],{"class":81},[67,51261,86],{"class":85},[67,51263,89],{"class":81},[67,51265,92],{"class":85},[67,51267,51268],{"class":81},")))",[67,51270,51271],{"class":3852},"      # 2\n",[67,51273,51274,51276,51278,51280,51282,51284,51286,51288,51290,51292,51295],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,51275,135],{"class":134},[67,51277,138],{"class":81},[67,51279,1964],{"class":134},[67,51281,5721],{"class":81},[67,51283,240],{"class":239},[67,51285,2361],{"class":243},[67,51287,240],{"class":239},[67,51289,1161],{"class":81},[67,51291,5689],{"class":85},[67,51293,51294],{"class":81},"}))",[67,51296,51297],{"class":3852},"      # 1\n",[53,51299,51301],{"id":51300},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,51303,51304,51305,51307],{},"When you use ",[17,51306,1339],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,51309,51310],{},"That includes:",[25,51312,51313,51315,51317],{},[28,51314,490],{},[28,51316,10639],{},[28,51318,51319],{},"punctuation",[14,51321,222],{},[58,51323,51325],{"className":60,"code":51324,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[17,51326,51327,51340],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,51328,51329,51331,51333,51335,51338],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,51330,34873],{"class":73},[67,51332,78],{"class":77},[67,51334,251],{"class":239},[67,51336,51337],{"class":243},"Hi there!",[67,51339,3547],{"class":239},[67,51341,51342,51344,51346,51348,51350,51352,51354],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,51343,135],{"class":134},[67,51345,138],{"class":81},[67,51347,1964],{"class":134},[67,51349,138],{"class":81},[67,51351,34894],{"class":117},[67,51353,5552],{"class":81},[67,51355,51356],{"class":3852},"  # 9\n",[14,51358,51359,51360,2681],{},"Why is the result ",[17,51361,2332],{},[25,51363,51364,51370,51374,51377],{},[28,51365,51366,51369],{},[17,51367,51368],{},"H"," = 1",[28,51371,51372,51369],{},[17,51373,36336],{},[28,51375,51376],{},"space = 1",[28,51378,51379,51382],{},[17,51380,51381],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,51384,51385,51386],{},"Total: ",[17,51387,2332],{},[14,51389,51390,51391,1161],{},"An empty string has length ",[17,51392,1031],{},[58,51394,51396],{"className":60,"code":51395,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[17,51397,51398,51407],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,51399,51400,51403,51405],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,51401,51402],{"class":73},"empty_text ",[67,51404,78],{"class":77},[67,51406,8070],{"class":239},[67,51408,51409,51411,51413,51415,51417,51420,51422],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,51410,135],{"class":134},[67,51412,138],{"class":81},[67,51414,1964],{"class":134},[67,51416,138],{"class":81},[67,51418,51419],{"class":117},"empty_text",[67,51421,5552],{"class":81},[67,51423,51424],{"class":3852},"  # 0\n",[14,51426,51427],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[58,51429,51431],{"className":60,"code":51430,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[17,51432,51433,51446,51450,51470],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,51434,51435,51438,51440,51442,51444],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,51436,51437],{"class":73},"user_name ",[67,51439,78],{"class":77},[67,51441,251],{"class":239},[67,51443,5193],{"class":243},[67,51445,3547],{"class":239},[67,51447,51448],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,51449,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,51451,51452,51454,51456,51458,51461,51463,51466,51468],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,51453,1217],{"class":1167},[67,51455,1400],{"class":134},[67,51457,138],{"class":81},[67,51459,51460],{"class":117},"user_name",[67,51462,3849],{"class":81},[67,51464,51465],{"class":77}," >=",[67,51467,2639],{"class":85},[67,51469,1223],{"class":81},[67,51471,51472,51474,51476,51478,51481,51483],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,51473,1228],{"class":134},[67,51475,138],{"class":81},[67,51477,240],{"class":239},[67,51479,51480],{"class":243},"Name is long enough",[67,51482,240],{"class":239},[67,51484,144],{"class":81},[53,51486,51488],{"id":51487},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51490,51491,51492,51494],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[17,51493,1339],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51496,51497],{},"Example with a list:",[58,51499,51501],{"className":60,"code":51500,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[17,51502,51503,51535],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,51504,51505,51507,51509,51511,51513,51515,51517,51519,51521,51523,51525,51527,51529,51531,51533],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,51506,232],{"class":73},[67,51508,78],{"class":77},[67,51510,82],{"class":81},[67,51512,240],{"class":239},[67,51514,244],{"class":243},[67,51516,240],{"class":239},[67,51518,89],{"class":81},[67,51520,251],{"class":239},[67,51522,254],{"class":243},[67,51524,240],{"class":239},[67,51526,89],{"class":81},[67,51528,251],{"class":239},[67,51530,263],{"class":243},[67,51532,240],{"class":239},[67,51534,100],{"class":81},[67,51536,51537,51539,51541,51543,51545,51547,51549],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,51538,135],{"class":134},[67,51540,138],{"class":81},[67,51542,1964],{"class":134},[67,51544,138],{"class":81},[67,51546,312],{"class":117},[67,51548,5552],{"class":81},[67,51550,50948],{"class":3852},[14,51552,38096],{},[58,51554,51556],{"className":60,"code":51555,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[17,51557,51558,51575],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,51559,51560,51563,51565,51567,51569,51571,51573],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,51561,51562],{"class":73},"point ",[67,51564,78],{"class":77},[67,51566,9423],{"class":81},[67,51568,86],{"class":85},[67,51570,89],{"class":81},[67,51572,92],{"class":85},[67,51574,144],{"class":81},[67,51576,51577,51579,51581,51583,51585,51588,51590],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,51578,135],{"class":134},[67,51580,138],{"class":81},[67,51582,1964],{"class":134},[67,51584,138],{"class":81},[67,51586,51587],{"class":117},"point",[67,51589,5552],{"class":81},[67,51591,51592],{"class":3852},"  # 2\n",[14,51594,51595],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[58,51597,51599],{"className":60,"code":51598,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[17,51600,51601,51625,51629,51647],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,51602,51603,51605,51607,51609,51611,51613,51615,51617,51619,51621,51623],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,51604,1131],{"class":73},[67,51606,78],{"class":77},[67,51608,82],{"class":81},[67,51610,240],{"class":239},[67,51612,689],{"class":243},[67,51614,240],{"class":239},[67,51616,89],{"class":81},[67,51618,251],{"class":239},[67,51620,698],{"class":243},[67,51622,240],{"class":239},[67,51624,100],{"class":81},[67,51626,51627],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,51628,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,51630,51631,51633,51635,51637,51639,51641,51643,51645],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,51632,1217],{"class":1167},[67,51634,1400],{"class":134},[67,51636,138],{"class":81},[67,51638,1141],{"class":117},[67,51640,3849],{"class":81},[67,51642,38575],{"class":77},[67,51644,5689],{"class":85},[67,51646,1223],{"class":81},[67,51648,51649,51651,51653,51655,51657,51659,51661],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,51650,1228],{"class":134},[67,51652,138],{"class":81},[67,51654,1141],{"class":117},[67,51656,174],{"class":81},[67,51658,464],{"class":85},[67,51660,20634],{"class":81},[67,51662,51663],{"class":3852},"  # banana\n",[14,51665,51666],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[58,51668,51670],{"className":60,"code":51669,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[17,51671,51672,51695],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,51673,51674,51676,51678,51680,51683,51685,51688,51690,51693],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,51675,5252],{"class":73},[67,51677,78],{"class":77},[67,51679,82],{"class":81},[67,51681,51682],{"class":85},"88",[67,51684,89],{"class":81},[67,51686,51687],{"class":85}," 91",[67,51689,89],{"class":81},[67,51691,51692],{"class":85}," 75",[67,51694,100],{"class":81},[67,51696,51697,51699,51701,51703,51706,51708,51710,51712,51714,51716],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,51698,135],{"class":134},[67,51700,138],{"class":81},[67,51702,240],{"class":239},[67,51704,51705],{"class":243},"Number of scores:",[67,51707,240],{"class":239},[67,51709,89],{"class":81},[67,51711,1400],{"class":134},[67,51713,138],{"class":81},[67,51715,16576],{"class":117},[67,51717,1426],{"class":81},[14,51719,51720,51721,114],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[45,51722,51724],{"href":51723},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[53,51726,51728],{"id":51727},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51730,51731,51732,51734],{},"For dictionaries, ",[17,51733,1339],{}," counts keys.",[58,51736,51738],{"className":60,"code":51737,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[17,51739,51740,51748,51766,51780,51796,51800,51804],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,51741,51742,51744,51746],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,51743,13053],{"class":73},[67,51745,78],{"class":77},[67,51747,11681],{"class":81},[67,51749,51750,51752,51754,51756,51758,51760,51762,51764],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,51751,11686],{"class":239},[67,51753,7860],{"class":243},[67,51755,240],{"class":239},[67,51757,1161],{"class":81},[67,51759,251],{"class":239},[67,51761,8110],{"class":243},[67,51763,240],{"class":239},[67,51765,11702],{"class":81},[67,51767,51768,51770,51772,51774,51776,51778],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,51769,11686],{"class":239},[67,51771,9486],{"class":243},[67,51773,240],{"class":239},[67,51775,1161],{"class":81},[67,51777,31127],{"class":85},[67,51779,11702],{"class":81},[67,51781,51782,51784,51786,51788,51790,51792,51794],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,51783,11686],{"class":239},[67,51785,20079],{"class":243},[67,51787,240],{"class":239},[67,51789,1161],{"class":81},[67,51791,251],{"class":239},[67,51793,22434],{"class":243},[67,51795,3547],{"class":239},[67,51797,51798],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,51799,9496],{"class":81},[67,51801,51802],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,51803,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,51805,51806,51808,51810,51812,51814,51816,51818],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,51807,135],{"class":134},[67,51809,138],{"class":81},[67,51811,1964],{"class":134},[67,51813,138],{"class":81},[67,51815,13812],{"class":117},[67,51817,5552],{"class":81},[67,51819,50948],{"class":3852},[14,51821,51822,51823,51825],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[17,51824,1339],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51827,51828,51829,51831],{},"For sets, ",[17,51830,1339],{}," counts unique items:",[58,51833,51835],{"className":60,"code":51834,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[17,51836,51837,51865],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,51838,51839,51841,51843,51845,51847,51849,51851,51853,51855,51857,51859,51861,51863],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,51840,74],{"class":73},[67,51842,78],{"class":77},[67,51844,10678],{"class":81},[67,51846,464],{"class":85},[67,51848,89],{"class":81},[67,51850,3182],{"class":85},[67,51852,89],{"class":81},[67,51854,2639],{"class":85},[67,51856,89],{"class":81},[67,51858,2639],{"class":85},[67,51860,89],{"class":81},[67,51862,3182],{"class":85},[67,51864,9496],{"class":81},[67,51866,51867,51869,51871,51873,51875,51877,51879],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,51868,135],{"class":134},[67,51870,138],{"class":81},[67,51872,1964],{"class":134},[67,51874,138],{"class":81},[67,51876,154],{"class":117},[67,51878,5552],{"class":81},[67,51880,50948],{"class":3852},[14,51882,51883],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51885,51886],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[58,51888,51890],{"className":60,"code":51889,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[17,51891,51892,51900,51904,51922],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,51893,51894,51896,51898],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,51895,9352],{"class":73},[67,51897,78],{"class":77},[67,51899,10025],{"class":81},[67,51901,51902],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,51903,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,51905,51906,51908,51910,51912,51914,51916,51918,51920],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,51907,1217],{"class":1167},[67,51909,1400],{"class":134},[67,51911,138],{"class":81},[67,51913,9391],{"class":117},[67,51915,3849],{"class":81},[67,51917,6600],{"class":77},[67,51919,1388],{"class":85},[67,51921,1223],{"class":81},[67,51923,51924,51926,51928,51930,51933,51935],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,51925,1228],{"class":134},[67,51927,138],{"class":81},[67,51929,240],{"class":239},[67,51931,51932],{"class":243},"The dictionary is empty",[67,51934,240],{"class":239},[67,51936,144],{"class":81},[53,51938,41225],{"id":41224},[14,51940,51941,51942,114],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[17,51943,1339],{},[1109,51945,51947],{"id":51946},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[58,51949,51951],{"className":60,"code":51950,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[17,51952,51953,51961,51965,51983],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,51954,51955,51957,51959],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,51956,1131],{"class":73},[67,51958,78],{"class":77},[67,51960,1136],{"class":81},[67,51962,51963],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,51964,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,51966,51967,51969,51971,51973,51975,51977,51979,51981],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,51968,1217],{"class":1167},[67,51970,1400],{"class":134},[67,51972,138],{"class":81},[67,51974,1141],{"class":117},[67,51976,3849],{"class":81},[67,51978,6600],{"class":77},[67,51980,1388],{"class":85},[67,51982,1223],{"class":81},[67,51984,51985,51987,51989,51991,51994,51996],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,51986,1228],{"class":134},[67,51988,138],{"class":81},[67,51990,240],{"class":239},[67,51992,51993],{"class":243},"The list is empty",[67,51995,240],{"class":239},[67,51997,144],{"class":81},[1109,51999,52001],{"id":52000},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[58,52003,52005],{"className":60,"code":52004,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[17,52006,52007,52026],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,52008,52009,52011,52013,52015,52017,52019,52022,52024],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,52010,6346],{"class":73},[67,52012,78],{"class":77},[67,52014,8430],{"class":134},[67,52016,138],{"class":81},[67,52018,240],{"class":239},[67,52020,52021],{"class":243},"Enter a word: ",[67,52023,240],{"class":239},[67,52025,144],{"class":81},[67,52027,52028,52030,52032,52034,52037,52039,52041,52043,52045,52047],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,52029,135],{"class":134},[67,52031,138],{"class":81},[67,52033,240],{"class":239},[67,52035,52036],{"class":243},"Number of characters:",[67,52038,240],{"class":239},[67,52040,89],{"class":81},[67,52042,1400],{"class":134},[67,52044,138],{"class":81},[67,52046,38570],{"class":117},[67,52048,1426],{"class":81},[1109,52050,52052],{"id":52051},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[58,52054,52056],{"className":60,"code":52055,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[17,52057,52058,52072,52076,52094,52109,52115],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,52059,52060,52063,52065,52067,52070],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,52061,52062],{"class":73},"password ",[67,52064,78],{"class":77},[67,52066,251],{"class":239},[67,52068,52069],{"class":243},"secret123",[67,52071,3547],{"class":239},[67,52073,52074],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,52075,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,52077,52078,52080,52082,52084,52086,52088,52090,52092],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,52079,1217],{"class":1167},[67,52081,1400],{"class":134},[67,52083,138],{"class":81},[67,52085,17808],{"class":117},[67,52087,3849],{"class":81},[67,52089,51465],{"class":77},[67,52091,6552],{"class":85},[67,52093,1223],{"class":81},[67,52095,52096,52098,52100,52102,52105,52107],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,52097,1228],{"class":134},[67,52099,138],{"class":81},[67,52101,240],{"class":239},[67,52103,52104],{"class":243},"Password length is valid",[67,52106,240],{"class":239},[67,52108,144],{"class":81},[67,52110,52111,52113],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,52112,1244],{"class":1167},[67,52114,1223],{"class":81},[67,52116,52117,52119,52121,52123,52126,52128],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,52118,1228],{"class":134},[67,52120,138],{"class":81},[67,52122,240],{"class":239},[67,52124,52125],{"class":243},"Password is too short",[67,52127,240],{"class":239},[67,52129,144],{"class":81},[1109,52131,52133],{"id":52132},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[58,52135,52137],{"className":60,"code":52136,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[17,52138,52139,52175],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,52140,52141,52144,52146,52148,52150,52153,52155,52157,52159,52162,52164,52166,52168,52171,52173],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,52142,52143],{"class":73},"results ",[67,52145,78],{"class":77},[67,52147,82],{"class":81},[67,52149,240],{"class":239},[67,52151,52152],{"class":243},"item1",[67,52154,240],{"class":239},[67,52156,89],{"class":81},[67,52158,251],{"class":239},[67,52160,52161],{"class":243},"item2",[67,52163,240],{"class":239},[67,52165,89],{"class":81},[67,52167,251],{"class":239},[67,52169,52170],{"class":243},"item3",[67,52172,240],{"class":239},[67,52174,100],{"class":81},[67,52176,52177,52179,52181,52183,52186,52188,52190,52192,52194,52197],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,52178,135],{"class":134},[67,52180,138],{"class":81},[67,52182,240],{"class":239},[67,52184,52185],{"class":243},"Items found:",[67,52187,240],{"class":239},[67,52189,89],{"class":81},[67,52191,1400],{"class":134},[67,52193,138],{"class":81},[67,52195,52196],{"class":117},"results",[67,52198,1426],{"class":81},[14,52200,52201],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[53,52203,52205],{"id":52204},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,52207,52208,52210],{},[17,52209,1339],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,52212,52213,52214,1161],{},"These will raise a ",[17,52215,1519],{},[25,52217,52218,52221,52224],{},[28,52219,52220],{},"plain integers",[28,52222,52223],{},"floats",[28,52225,52226],{},[17,52227,1103],{},[14,52229,222],{},[58,52231,52233],{"className":60,"code":52232,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(len(5))\n",[17,52234,52235],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,52236,52237,52239,52241,52243,52245,52247],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,52238,135],{"class":134},[67,52240,138],{"class":81},[67,52242,1964],{"class":134},[67,52244,138],{"class":81},[67,52246,1308],{"class":85},[67,52248,1426],{"class":81},[14,52250,52251,52252,52254],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[17,52253,1308],{}," does not have a length.",[14,52256,52257],{},"Another example:",[58,52259,52261],{"className":60,"code":52260,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(len(3.14))\n",[17,52262,52263],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,52264,52265,52267,52269,52271,52273,52275],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,52266,135],{"class":134},[67,52268,138],{"class":81},[67,52270,1964],{"class":134},[67,52272,138],{"class":81},[67,52274,40322],{"class":85},[67,52276,1426],{"class":81},[14,52278,52279,52280,1161],{},"And with ",[17,52281,1103],{},[58,52283,52285],{"className":60,"code":52284,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[17,52286,52287,52295],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,52288,52289,52291,52293],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,52290,2634],{"class":73},[67,52292,78],{"class":77},[67,52294,48706],{"class":4043},[67,52296,52297,52299,52301,52303,52305,52307],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,52298,135],{"class":134},[67,52300,138],{"class":81},[67,52302,1964],{"class":134},[67,52304,138],{"class":81},[67,52306,2661],{"class":117},[67,52308,1426],{"class":81},[14,52310,52311,52312,114],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[45,52313,52315],{"href":52314},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[53,52317,52319],{"id":52318},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,52321,52322,52323,52325],{},"Before using ",[17,52324,1339],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,52327,52328],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[58,52330,52332],{"className":60,"code":52331,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[17,52333,52334,52342,52346,52356,52370,52388,52406],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,52335,52336,52338,52340],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,52337,2634],{"class":73},[67,52339,78],{"class":77},[67,52341,48706],{"class":4043},[67,52343,52344],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,52345,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,52347,52348,52350,52352,52354],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,52349,135],{"class":134},[67,52351,138],{"class":81},[67,52353,2661],{"class":117},[67,52355,144],{"class":81},[67,52357,52358,52360,52362,52364,52366,52368],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,52359,135],{"class":134},[67,52361,138],{"class":81},[67,52363,2011],{"class":362},[67,52365,138],{"class":81},[67,52367,2661],{"class":117},[67,52369,1426],{"class":81},[67,52371,52372,52374,52376,52378,52380,52382,52384,52386],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,52373,135],{"class":134},[67,52375,138],{"class":81},[67,52377,49054],{"class":134},[67,52379,138],{"class":81},[67,52381,2661],{"class":117},[67,52383,89],{"class":81},[67,52385,49083],{"class":362},[67,52387,1426],{"class":81},[67,52389,52390,52392,52394,52396,52398,52400,52402,52404],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,52391,135],{"class":134},[67,52393,138],{"class":81},[67,52395,49054],{"class":134},[67,52397,138],{"class":81},[67,52399,2661],{"class":117},[67,52401,89],{"class":81},[67,52403,22749],{"class":362},[67,52405,1426],{"class":81},[67,52407,52408,52410,52412,52414,52416,52418,52420,52422],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,52409,135],{"class":134},[67,52411,138],{"class":81},[67,52413,49054],{"class":134},[67,52415,138],{"class":81},[67,52417,2661],{"class":117},[67,52419,89],{"class":81},[67,52421,9357],{"class":362},[67,52423,1426],{"class":81},[14,52425,52426],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52428,52429],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[58,52431,52433],{"className":60,"code":52432,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[17,52434,52435,52447,52451,52465],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,52436,52437,52439,52441,52443,52445],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,52438,2634],{"class":73},[67,52440,78],{"class":77},[67,52442,251],{"class":239},[67,52444,4036],{"class":243},[67,52446,3547],{"class":239},[67,52448,52449],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,52450,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,52452,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,52454,1217],{"class":1167},[67,52456,21773],{"class":73},[67,52458,12383],{"class":77},[67,52460,8287],{"class":77},[67,52462,4044],{"class":4043},[67,52464,1223],{"class":81},[67,52466,52467,52469,52471,52473,52475,52477],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,52468,1228],{"class":134},[67,52470,138],{"class":81},[67,52472,1964],{"class":134},[67,52474,138],{"class":81},[67,52476,2661],{"class":117},[67,52478,1426],{"class":81},[14,52480,52481,52482,114],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[45,52483,8629],{"href":2486},[53,52485,1907],{"id":1906},[14,52487,23284,52488,1161],{},[17,52489,1339],{},[25,52491,52492,52500,52508,52516,52522],{},[28,52493,8604,52494,52496,52497],{},[17,52495,1339],{}," on an integer like ",[17,52498,52499],{},"len(5)",[28,52501,8604,52502,52504,52505],{},[17,52503,1339],{}," on a float like ",[17,52506,52507],{},"len(3.14)",[28,52509,8604,52510,52512,52513,52515],{},[17,52511,1339],{}," on ",[17,52514,1103],{}," after a function returns nothing",[28,52517,4768,52518,52521],{},[17,52519,52520],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[28,52523,52524],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52526,52527],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[58,52529,52531],{"className":60,"code":52530,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[17,52532,52533,52569],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,52534,52535,52537,52539,52541,52543,52545,52547,52549,52551,52553,52555,52557,52559,52561,52563,52565,52567],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,52536,13390],{"class":73},[67,52538,78],{"class":77},[67,52540,10678],{"class":81},[67,52542,240],{"class":239},[67,52544,7860],{"class":243},[67,52546,240],{"class":239},[67,52548,1161],{"class":81},[67,52550,251],{"class":239},[67,52552,986],{"class":243},[67,52554,240],{"class":239},[67,52556,89],{"class":81},[67,52558,251],{"class":239},[67,52560,9486],{"class":243},[67,52562,240],{"class":239},[67,52564,1161],{"class":81},[67,52566,92],{"class":85},[67,52568,9496],{"class":81},[67,52570,52571,52573,52575,52577,52579,52581,52583],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,52572,135],{"class":134},[67,52574,138],{"class":81},[67,52576,1964],{"class":134},[67,52578,138],{"class":81},[67,52580,17495],{"class":117},[67,52582,5552],{"class":81},[67,52584,51592],{"class":3852},[14,52586,37774,52587,52589,52590,961,52592,114],{},[17,52588,2245],{}," because there are two keys: ",[17,52591,15427],{},[17,52593,52594],{},"\"age\"",[14,52596,52597],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[58,52599,52601],{"className":60,"code":52600,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[17,52602,52603,52616],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,52604,52605,52607,52609,52611,52614],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,52606,34873],{"class":73},[67,52608,78],{"class":77},[67,52610,251],{"class":239},[67,52612,52613],{"class":243},"a b",[67,52615,3547],{"class":239},[67,52617,52618,52620,52622,52624,52626,52628,52630],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,52619,135],{"class":134},[67,52621,138],{"class":81},[67,52623,1964],{"class":134},[67,52625,138],{"class":81},[67,52627,34894],{"class":117},[67,52629,5552],{"class":81},[67,52631,50948],{"class":3852},[14,52633,52634],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[53,52636,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,52638,52640],{"id":52639},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52642,52643],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1109,52645,52647],{"id":52646},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52649,52650],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1109,52652,52654],{"id":52653},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52656,52657],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1109,52659,52661],{"id":52660},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52663,52664,52665,52667,52668,3068,52670,52672,52673,114],{},"No. Using ",[17,52666,1339],{}," on an ",[17,52669,2376],{},[17,52671,2379],{}," raises a ",[17,52674,1519],{},[1109,52676,52678],{"id":52677},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52680,7955,52681,114],{},[17,52682,52683],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52685,222],{},[58,52687,52689],{"className":60,"code":52688,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[17,52690,52691,52699,52703,52721],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,52692,52693,52695,52697],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,52694,8496],{"class":73},[67,52696,78],{"class":77},[67,52698,1136],{"class":81},[67,52700,52701],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,52702,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,52704,52705,52707,52709,52711,52713,52715,52717,52719],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,52706,1217],{"class":1167},[67,52708,1400],{"class":134},[67,52710,138],{"class":81},[67,52712,1953],{"class":117},[67,52714,3849],{"class":81},[67,52716,6600],{"class":77},[67,52718,1388],{"class":85},[67,52720,1223],{"class":81},[67,52722,52723,52725,52727,52729,52732,52734],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,52724,1228],{"class":134},[67,52726,138],{"class":81},[67,52728,240],{"class":239},[67,52730,52731],{"class":243},"Empty list",[67,52733,240],{"class":239},[67,52735,144],{"class":81},[14,52737,52738,52739,52741,52742,52744,52745,52747],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[17,52740,3863],{}," in an ",[17,52743,1217],{}," statement, but ",[17,52746,1339],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[53,52749,2094],{"id":2093},[25,52751,52752,52756,52760,52764,52769,52773,52779],{},[28,52753,52754],{},[45,52755,51154],{"href":51153},[28,52757,52758],{},[45,52759,51157],{"href":530},[28,52761,52762],{},[45,52763,9342],{"href":9341},[28,52765,52766],{},[45,52767,52768],{"href":51723},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[28,52770,52771],{},[45,52772,8629],{"href":2486},[28,52774,52775],{},[45,52776,52778],{"href":52777},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[28,52780,52781],{},[45,52782,52783],{"href":52314},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2122,52785,52786],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":52788},[52789,52790,52791,52792,52793,52794,52795,52801,52802,52803,52804,52811],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":50956,"depth":103,"text":50957},{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":51300,"depth":103,"text":51301},{"id":51487,"depth":103,"text":51488},{"id":51727,"depth":103,"text":51728},{"id":41224,"depth":103,"text":41225,"children":52796},[52797,52798,52799,52800],{"id":51946,"depth":124,"text":51947},{"id":52000,"depth":124,"text":52001},{"id":52051,"depth":124,"text":52052},{"id":52132,"depth":124,"text":52133},{"id":52204,"depth":103,"text":52205},{"id":52318,"depth":103,"text":52319},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":52805},[52806,52807,52808,52809,52810],{"id":52639,"depth":124,"text":52640},{"id":52646,"depth":124,"text":52647},{"id":52653,"depth":124,"text":52654},{"id":52660,"depth":124,"text":52661},{"id":52677,"depth":124,"text":52678},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50839,"description":52812},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52819,"title":52820,"body":52821,"description":54503,"extension":2153,"meta":54504,"navigation":127,"path":54505,"seo":54506,"stem":54507,"__hash__":54508},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52822,"toc":54476},[52823,52826,52840,52846,52848,52902,52907,52911,52926,52929,52943,52948,52950,52953,52972,52988,52990,53065,53067,53104,53115,53117,53120,53181,53183,53216,53219,53225,53229,53232,53357,53359,53418,53426,53479,53481,53508,53514,53524,53528,53531,53536,53588,53590,53616,53622,53676,53678,53703,53706,53730,53736,53738,53742,53744,53801,53803,53811,53813,53835,53837,53890,53892,53916,53920,53922,53961,53963,53971,53977,53981,54033,54035,54061,54069,54073,54078,54087,54089,54155,54157,54189,54193,54198,54200,54214,54217,54290,54292,54318,54320,54324,54331,54335,54342,54346,54349,54351,54404,54406,54432,54436,54445,54447,54473],[10,52824,52820],{"id":52825},"python-list-append-method",[14,52827,379,52828,52831,52832,52835,52836,52839],{},[17,52829,52830],{},"append()"," method adds ",[3934,52833,52834],{},"one item"," to the ",[3934,52837,52838],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52841,52842,52843,52845],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[3934,52844,4820],{}," create a new list.",[53,52847,3798],{"id":3797},[58,52849,52851],{"className":60,"code":52850,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,52852,52853,52873,52887,52897],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,52854,52855,52857,52859,52861,52863,52865,52867,52869,52871],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,52856,74],{"class":73},[67,52858,78],{"class":77},[67,52860,82],{"class":81},[67,52862,464],{"class":85},[67,52864,89],{"class":81},[67,52866,3182],{"class":85},[67,52868,89],{"class":81},[67,52870,2639],{"class":85},[67,52872,100],{"class":81},[67,52874,52875,52877,52879,52881,52883,52885],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,52876,154],{"class":73},[67,52878,114],{"class":81},[67,52880,13739],{"class":117},[67,52882,138],{"class":81},[67,52884,2694],{"class":85},[67,52886,144],{"class":81},[67,52888,52889,52891,52893,52895],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,52890,135],{"class":134},[67,52892,138],{"class":81},[67,52894,154],{"class":117},[67,52896,144],{"class":81},[67,52898,52899],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,52900,52901],{"class":3852},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52903,185,52904,52906],{},[17,52905,52830],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[53,52908,52910],{"id":52909},"what-append-does","What append() does",[25,52912,52913,52918,52921,52923],{},[28,52914,52915,52917],{},[17,52916,52830],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[28,52919,52920],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[28,52922,219],{},[28,52924,52925],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52927,52928],{},"This means you can append:",[25,52930,52931,52933,52935,52937,52939,52941],{},[28,52932,154],{},[28,52934,5499],{},[28,52936,40773],{},[28,52938,5490],{},[28,52940,7442],{},[28,52942,34847],{},[14,52944,52945,52946,114],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[45,52947,531],{"href":530},[53,52949,5622],{"id":5621},[14,52951,52952],{},"Basic form:",[58,52954,52956],{"className":60,"code":52955,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list.append(item)\n",[17,52957,52958],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,52959,52960,52962,52964,52966,52968,52970],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,52961,1953],{"class":73},[67,52963,114],{"class":81},[67,52965,13739],{"class":117},[67,52967,138],{"class":81},[67,52969,479],{"class":117},[67,52971,144],{"class":81},[25,52973,52974,52979,52984],{},[28,52975,52976,52978],{},[17,52977,1953],{}," is the list you want to change",[28,52980,52981,52983],{},[17,52982,479],{}," is the value or object to add",[28,52985,12100,52986],{},[17,52987,1103],{},[14,52989,222],{},[58,52991,52993],{"className":60,"code":52992,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[17,52994,52995,53019,53041,53045,53055],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,52996,52997,52999,53001,53003,53005,53007,53009,53011,53013,53015,53017],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,52998,680],{"class":73},[67,53000,78],{"class":77},[67,53002,82],{"class":81},[67,53004,240],{"class":239},[67,53006,689],{"class":243},[67,53008,240],{"class":239},[67,53010,89],{"class":81},[67,53012,251],{"class":239},[67,53014,698],{"class":243},[67,53016,240],{"class":239},[67,53018,100],{"class":81},[67,53020,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031,53033,53035,53037,53039],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,53022,2416],{"class":73},[67,53024,78],{"class":77},[67,53026,733],{"class":73},[67,53028,114],{"class":81},[67,53030,13739],{"class":117},[67,53032,138],{"class":81},[67,53034,240],{"class":239},[67,53036,716],{"class":243},[67,53038,240],{"class":239},[67,53040,144],{"class":81},[67,53042,53043],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,53044,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,53046,53047,53049,53051,53053],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,53048,135],{"class":134},[67,53050,138],{"class":81},[67,53052,766],{"class":117},[67,53054,144],{"class":81},[67,53056,53057,53059,53061,53063],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,53058,135],{"class":134},[67,53060,138],{"class":81},[67,53062,2451],{"class":117},[67,53064,144],{"class":81},[14,53066,159],{},[58,53068,53070],{"className":60,"code":53069,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[17,53071,53072,53100],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53073,53074,53076,53078,53080,53082,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094,53096,53098],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53075,174],{"class":81},[67,53077,333],{"class":239},[67,53079,689],{"class":243},[67,53081,333],{"class":239},[67,53083,89],{"class":81},[67,53085,342],{"class":239},[67,53087,698],{"class":243},[67,53089,333],{"class":239},[67,53091,89],{"class":81},[67,53093,342],{"class":239},[67,53095,716],{"class":243},[67,53097,333],{"class":239},[67,53099,100],{"class":81},[67,53101,53102],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,53103,11997],{"class":4043},[14,53105,53106,53107,53109,53110,53112,53113,114],{},"The important detail is that ",[17,53108,52830],{}," updates ",[17,53111,766],{},", but the method itself returns ",[17,53114,1103],{},[53,53116,11663],{"id":11662},[14,53118,53119],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[58,53121,53123],{"className":60,"code":53122,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,53124,53125,53149,53167,53171],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53126,53127,53129,53131,53133,53135,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53128,232],{"class":73},[67,53130,78],{"class":77},[67,53132,82],{"class":81},[67,53134,240],{"class":239},[67,53136,244],{"class":243},[67,53138,240],{"class":239},[67,53140,89],{"class":81},[67,53142,251],{"class":239},[67,53144,263],{"class":243},[67,53146,240],{"class":239},[67,53148,100],{"class":81},[67,53150,53151,53153,53155,53157,53159,53161,53163,53165],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,53152,312],{"class":73},[67,53154,114],{"class":81},[67,53156,13739],{"class":117},[67,53158,138],{"class":81},[67,53160,240],{"class":239},[67,53162,254],{"class":243},[67,53164,240],{"class":239},[67,53166,144],{"class":81},[67,53168,53169],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,53170,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,53172,53173,53175,53177,53179],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,53174,135],{"class":134},[67,53176,138],{"class":81},[67,53178,312],{"class":117},[67,53180,144],{"class":81},[14,53182,159],{},[58,53184,53186],{"className":60,"code":53185,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[17,53187,53188],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53189,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202,53204,53206,53208,53210,53212,53214],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53191,174],{"class":81},[67,53193,333],{"class":239},[67,53195,244],{"class":243},[67,53197,333],{"class":239},[67,53199,89],{"class":81},[67,53201,342],{"class":239},[67,53203,263],{"class":243},[67,53205,333],{"class":239},[67,53207,89],{"class":81},[67,53209,342],{"class":239},[67,53211,254],{"class":243},[67,53213,333],{"class":239},[67,53215,100],{"class":81},[14,53217,53218],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,53220,31267,53221,114],{},[45,53222,53224],{"href":53223},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[53,53226,53228],{"id":53227},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,53230,53231],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[58,53233,53235],{"className":60,"code":53234,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,53236,53237,53245,53249,53263,53281,53295,53321,53343,53347],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53238,53239,53241,53243],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53240,1131],{"class":73},[67,53242,78],{"class":77},[67,53244,1136],{"class":81},[67,53246,53247],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,53248,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,53250,53251,53253,53255,53257,53259,53261],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,53252,1141],{"class":73},[67,53254,114],{"class":81},[67,53256,13739],{"class":117},[67,53258,138],{"class":81},[67,53260,86],{"class":85},[67,53262,144],{"class":81},[67,53264,53265,53267,53269,53271,53273,53275,53277,53279],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,53266,1141],{"class":73},[67,53268,114],{"class":81},[67,53270,13739],{"class":117},[67,53272,138],{"class":81},[67,53274,240],{"class":239},[67,53276,4036],{"class":243},[67,53278,240],{"class":239},[67,53280,144],{"class":81},[67,53282,53283,53285,53287,53289,53291,53293],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,53284,1141],{"class":73},[67,53286,114],{"class":81},[67,53288,13739],{"class":117},[67,53290,138],{"class":81},[67,53292,3793],{"class":4043},[67,53294,144],{"class":81},[67,53296,53297,53299,53301,53303,53305,53307,53309,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,53298,1141],{"class":73},[67,53300,114],{"class":81},[67,53302,13739],{"class":117},[67,53304,5721],{"class":81},[67,53306,240],{"class":239},[67,53308,7860],{"class":243},[67,53310,240],{"class":239},[67,53312,1161],{"class":81},[67,53314,251],{"class":239},[67,53316,7869],{"class":243},[67,53318,240],{"class":239},[67,53320,30680],{"class":81},[67,53322,53323,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339,53341],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,53324,1141],{"class":73},[67,53326,114],{"class":81},[67,53328,13739],{"class":117},[67,53330,370],{"class":81},[67,53332,464],{"class":85},[67,53334,89],{"class":81},[67,53336,3182],{"class":85},[67,53338,89],{"class":81},[67,53340,2639],{"class":85},[67,53342,376],{"class":81},[67,53344,53345],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,53346,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,53348,53349,53351,53353,53355],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,53350,135],{"class":134},[67,53352,138],{"class":81},[67,53354,1141],{"class":117},[67,53356,144],{"class":81},[14,53358,159],{},[58,53360,53362],{"className":60,"code":53361,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[17,53363,53364],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53365,53366,53368,53370,53372,53374,53376,53378,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388,53390,53392,53394,53396,53398,53400,53403,53405,53407,53409,53411,53413,53415],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53367,174],{"class":81},[67,53369,86],{"class":85},[67,53371,89],{"class":81},[67,53373,342],{"class":239},[67,53375,4036],{"class":243},[67,53377,333],{"class":239},[67,53379,89],{"class":81},[67,53381,4106],{"class":4043},[67,53383,89],{"class":81},[67,53385,10678],{"class":81},[67,53387,333],{"class":239},[67,53389,7860],{"class":243},[67,53391,333],{"class":239},[67,53393,1161],{"class":81},[67,53395,342],{"class":239},[67,53397,7869],{"class":243},[67,53399,333],{"class":239},[67,53401,53402],{"class":81},"},",[67,53404,82],{"class":81},[67,53406,464],{"class":85},[67,53408,89],{"class":81},[67,53410,3182],{"class":85},[67,53412,89],{"class":81},[67,53414,2639],{"class":85},[67,53416,53417],{"class":81},"]]\n",[14,53419,53420,53421,42335,53423,114],{},"A list added with ",[17,53422,52830],{},[3934,53424,53425],{},"one single item",[58,53427,53429],{"className":60,"code":53428,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,53430,53431,53447,53465,53469],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53432,53433,53435,53437,53439,53441,53443,53445],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53434,74],{"class":73},[67,53436,78],{"class":77},[67,53438,82],{"class":81},[67,53440,464],{"class":85},[67,53442,89],{"class":81},[67,53444,3182],{"class":85},[67,53446,100],{"class":81},[67,53448,53449,53451,53453,53455,53457,53459,53461,53463],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,53450,154],{"class":73},[67,53452,114],{"class":81},[67,53454,13739],{"class":117},[67,53456,370],{"class":81},[67,53458,2251],{"class":85},[67,53460,89],{"class":81},[67,53462,2645],{"class":85},[67,53464,376],{"class":81},[67,53466,53467],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,53468,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,53470,53471,53473,53475,53477],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,53472,135],{"class":134},[67,53474,138],{"class":81},[67,53476,154],{"class":117},[67,53478,144],{"class":81},[14,53480,159],{},[58,53482,53484],{"className":60,"code":53483,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[17,53485,53486],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53487,53488,53490,53492,53494,53496,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53489,174],{"class":81},[67,53491,464],{"class":85},[67,53493,89],{"class":81},[67,53495,3182],{"class":85},[67,53497,89],{"class":81},[67,53499,82],{"class":81},[67,53501,2251],{"class":85},[67,53503,89],{"class":81},[67,53505,2645],{"class":85},[67,53507,53417],{"class":81},[14,53509,2473,53510,53513],{},[17,53511,53512],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53515,53516,53517,53523],{},"This is different from ",[45,53518,53520],{"href":53519},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[17,53521,53522],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[53,53525,53527],{"id":53526},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53529,53530],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1109,53532,8604,53534],{"id":53533},"using-append",[17,53535,52830],{},[58,53537,53538],{"className":60,"code":53428,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,53539,53540,53556,53574,53578],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53541,53542,53544,53546,53548,53550,53552,53554],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53543,74],{"class":73},[67,53545,78],{"class":77},[67,53547,82],{"class":81},[67,53549,464],{"class":85},[67,53551,89],{"class":81},[67,53553,3182],{"class":85},[67,53555,100],{"class":81},[67,53557,53558,53560,53562,53564,53566,53568,53570,53572],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,53559,154],{"class":73},[67,53561,114],{"class":81},[67,53563,13739],{"class":117},[67,53565,370],{"class":81},[67,53567,2251],{"class":85},[67,53569,89],{"class":81},[67,53571,2645],{"class":85},[67,53573,376],{"class":81},[67,53575,53576],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,53577,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,53579,53580,53582,53584,53586],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,53581,135],{"class":134},[67,53583,138],{"class":81},[67,53585,154],{"class":117},[67,53587,144],{"class":81},[14,53589,159],{},[58,53591,53592],{"className":60,"code":53483,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,53593,53594],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53595,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53597,174],{"class":81},[67,53599,464],{"class":85},[67,53601,89],{"class":81},[67,53603,3182],{"class":85},[67,53605,89],{"class":81},[67,53607,82],{"class":81},[67,53609,2251],{"class":85},[67,53611,89],{"class":81},[67,53613,2645],{"class":85},[67,53615,53417],{"class":81},[1109,53617,8604,53619],{"id":53618},"using-extend",[17,53620,53621],{},"extend()",[58,53623,53625],{"className":60,"code":53624,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,53626,53627,53643,53662,53666],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53628,53629,53631,53633,53635,53637,53639,53641],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53630,74],{"class":73},[67,53632,78],{"class":77},[67,53634,82],{"class":81},[67,53636,464],{"class":85},[67,53638,89],{"class":81},[67,53640,3182],{"class":85},[67,53642,100],{"class":81},[67,53644,53645,53647,53649,53652,53654,53656,53658,53660],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,53646,154],{"class":73},[67,53648,114],{"class":81},[67,53650,53651],{"class":117},"extend",[67,53653,370],{"class":81},[67,53655,2251],{"class":85},[67,53657,89],{"class":81},[67,53659,2645],{"class":85},[67,53661,376],{"class":81},[67,53663,53664],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,53665,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,53667,53668,53670,53672,53674],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,53669,135],{"class":134},[67,53671,138],{"class":81},[67,53673,154],{"class":117},[67,53675,144],{"class":81},[14,53677,159],{},[58,53679,53681],{"className":60,"code":53680,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,53682,53683],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53684,53685,53687,53689,53691,53693,53695,53697,53699,53701],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53686,174],{"class":81},[67,53688,464],{"class":85},[67,53690,89],{"class":81},[67,53692,3182],{"class":85},[67,53694,89],{"class":81},[67,53696,2639],{"class":85},[67,53698,89],{"class":81},[67,53700,2645],{"class":85},[67,53702,100],{"class":81},[14,53704,53705],{},"The difference:",[25,53707,53708,53714,53720,53725],{},[28,53709,53710,53713],{},[17,53711,53712],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[28,53715,53716,53719],{},[17,53717,53718],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[28,53721,185,53722,53724],{},[17,53723,52830],{}," for one item",[28,53726,185,53727,53729],{},[17,53728,53621],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53731,53732,53733,114],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[45,53734,53735],{"href":53519},"Python list extend() method",[53,53737,4707],{"id":4706},[1109,53739,53741],{"id":53740},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53743,25879],{},[58,53745,53747],{"className":60,"code":53746,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,53748,53749,53769,53787,53791],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53750,53751,53753,53755,53757,53759,53761,53763,53765,53767],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53752,1131],{"class":73},[67,53754,78],{"class":77},[67,53756,82],{"class":81},[67,53758,464],{"class":85},[67,53760,89],{"class":81},[67,53762,3182],{"class":85},[67,53764,89],{"class":81},[67,53766,2639],{"class":85},[67,53768,100],{"class":81},[67,53770,53771,53773,53775,53777,53779,53781,53783,53785],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,53772,1131],{"class":73},[67,53774,78],{"class":77},[67,53776,1220],{"class":73},[67,53778,114],{"class":81},[67,53780,13739],{"class":117},[67,53782,138],{"class":81},[67,53784,2694],{"class":85},[67,53786,144],{"class":81},[67,53788,53789],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,53790,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,53792,53793,53795,53797,53799],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,53794,135],{"class":134},[67,53796,138],{"class":81},[67,53798,1141],{"class":117},[67,53800,144],{"class":81},[14,53802,159],{},[58,53804,53805],{"className":60,"code":11997,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,53806,53807],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53808,53809],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53810,11997],{"class":4043},[14,53812,12089],{},[25,53814,53815,53820,53826],{},[28,53816,53817,53819],{},[17,53818,52830],{}," changes the list in place",[28,53821,53822,2584,53824],{},[17,53823,52830],{},[17,53825,1103],{},[28,53827,53828,53829,53832,53833],{},"So ",[17,53830,53831],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[17,53834,1103],{},[14,53836,10994],{},[58,53838,53840],{"className":60,"code":53839,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,53841,53842,53862,53876,53880],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53843,53844,53846,53848,53850,53852,53854,53856,53858,53860],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53845,1131],{"class":73},[67,53847,78],{"class":77},[67,53849,82],{"class":81},[67,53851,464],{"class":85},[67,53853,89],{"class":81},[67,53855,3182],{"class":85},[67,53857,89],{"class":81},[67,53859,2639],{"class":85},[67,53861,100],{"class":81},[67,53863,53864,53866,53868,53870,53872,53874],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,53865,1141],{"class":73},[67,53867,114],{"class":81},[67,53869,13739],{"class":117},[67,53871,138],{"class":81},[67,53873,2694],{"class":85},[67,53875,144],{"class":81},[67,53877,53878],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,53879,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,53881,53882,53884,53886,53888],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,53883,135],{"class":134},[67,53885,138],{"class":81},[67,53887,1141],{"class":117},[67,53889,144],{"class":81},[14,53891,159],{},[58,53893,53894],{"className":60,"code":53680,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,53895,53896],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53897,53898,53900,53902,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912,53914],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53899,174],{"class":81},[67,53901,464],{"class":85},[67,53903,89],{"class":81},[67,53905,3182],{"class":85},[67,53907,89],{"class":81},[67,53909,2639],{"class":85},[67,53911,89],{"class":81},[67,53913,2645],{"class":85},[67,53915,100],{"class":81},[1109,53917,53919],{"id":53918},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53921,19101],{},[58,53923,53925],{"className":60,"code":53924,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[17,53926,53927,53951],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53928,53929,53931,53933,53935,53937,53939,53941,53943,53945,53947,53949],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53930,32067],{"class":73},[67,53932,78],{"class":77},[67,53934,82],{"class":81},[67,53936,464],{"class":85},[67,53938,89],{"class":81},[67,53940,3182],{"class":85},[67,53942,13736],{"class":81},[67,53944,13739],{"class":117},[67,53946,138],{"class":81},[67,53948,2251],{"class":85},[67,53950,144],{"class":81},[67,53952,53953,53955,53957,53959],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,53954,135],{"class":134},[67,53956,138],{"class":81},[67,53958,32086],{"class":117},[67,53960,144],{"class":81},[14,53962,159],{},[58,53964,53965],{"className":60,"code":11997,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,53966,53967],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53968,53969],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53970,11997],{"class":4043},[14,53972,53973,53974,53976],{},"Remember: ",[17,53975,52830],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1109,53978,53980],{"id":53979},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[58,53982,53983],{"className":60,"code":53428,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,53984,53985,54001,54019,54023],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,53986,53987,53989,53991,53993,53995,53997,53999],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,53988,74],{"class":73},[67,53990,78],{"class":77},[67,53992,82],{"class":81},[67,53994,464],{"class":85},[67,53996,89],{"class":81},[67,53998,3182],{"class":85},[67,54000,100],{"class":81},[67,54002,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011,54013,54015,54017],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,54004,154],{"class":73},[67,54006,114],{"class":81},[67,54008,13739],{"class":117},[67,54010,370],{"class":81},[67,54012,2251],{"class":85},[67,54014,89],{"class":81},[67,54016,2645],{"class":85},[67,54018,376],{"class":81},[67,54020,54021],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,54022,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,54024,54025,54027,54029,54031],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,54026,135],{"class":134},[67,54028,138],{"class":81},[67,54030,154],{"class":117},[67,54032,144],{"class":81},[14,54034,159],{},[58,54036,54037],{"className":60,"code":53483,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,54038,54039],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54040,54041,54043,54045,54047,54049,54051,54053,54055,54057,54059],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54042,174],{"class":81},[67,54044,464],{"class":85},[67,54046,89],{"class":81},[67,54048,3182],{"class":85},[67,54050,89],{"class":81},[67,54052,82],{"class":81},[67,54054,2251],{"class":85},[67,54056,89],{"class":81},[67,54058,2645],{"class":85},[67,54060,53417],{"class":81},[14,54062,3359,54063,54066,54067,6823],{},[17,54064,54065],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[17,54068,53621],{},[1109,54070,54072],{"id":54071},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,54074,54075,54077],{},[17,54076,52830],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,54079,54080,54081,114],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[45,54082,54084],{"href":54083},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[17,54085,54086],{},"list.insert()",[14,54088,222],{},[58,54090,54092],{"className":60,"code":54091,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[17,54093,54094,54118,54141,54145],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54095,54096,54098,54100,54102,54104,54106,54108,54110,54112,54114,54116],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54097,411],{"class":73},[67,54099,78],{"class":77},[67,54101,82],{"class":81},[67,54103,240],{"class":239},[67,54105,45],{"class":243},[67,54107,240],{"class":239},[67,54109,89],{"class":81},[67,54111,251],{"class":239},[67,54113,437],{"class":243},[67,54115,240],{"class":239},[67,54117,100],{"class":81},[67,54119,54120,54122,54124,54127,54129,54131,54133,54135,54137,54139],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,54121,490],{"class":73},[67,54123,114],{"class":81},[67,54125,54126],{"class":117},"insert",[67,54128,138],{"class":81},[67,54130,464],{"class":85},[67,54132,89],{"class":81},[67,54134,251],{"class":239},[67,54136,428],{"class":243},[67,54138,240],{"class":239},[67,54140,144],{"class":81},[67,54142,54143],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,54144,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,54146,54147,54149,54151,54153],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,54148,135],{"class":134},[67,54150,138],{"class":81},[67,54152,490],{"class":117},[67,54154,144],{"class":81},[14,54156,159],{},[58,54158,54159],{"className":60,"code":43055,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,54160,54161],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54162,54163,54165,54167,54169,54171,54173,54175,54177,54179,54181,54183,54185,54187],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54164,174],{"class":81},[67,54166,333],{"class":239},[67,54168,45],{"class":243},[67,54170,333],{"class":239},[67,54172,89],{"class":81},[67,54174,342],{"class":239},[67,54176,428],{"class":243},[67,54178,333],{"class":239},[67,54180,89],{"class":81},[67,54182,342],{"class":239},[67,54184,437],{"class":243},[67,54186,333],{"class":239},[67,54188,100],{"class":81},[53,54190,54192],{"id":54191},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,54194,54195,54197],{},[17,54196,52830],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,54199,36606],{},[25,54201,54202,54205,54208,54211],{},[28,54203,54204],{},"building a list in a loop",[28,54206,54207],{},"collecting user input",[28,54209,54210],{},"storing results step by step",[28,54212,54213],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,54215,54216],{},"Example with a loop:",[58,54218,54220],{"className":60,"code":54219,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[17,54221,54222,54231,54235,54256,54275,54279],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54223,54224,54227,54229],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54225,54226],{"class":73},"squares ",[67,54228,78],{"class":77},[67,54230,1136],{"class":81},[67,54232,54233],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,54234,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,54236,54237,54239,54241,54243,54246,54248,54250,54252,54254],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,54238,6150],{"class":1167},[67,54240,6579],{"class":73},[67,54242,4074],{"class":1167},[67,54244,54245],{"class":134}," range",[67,54247,138],{"class":81},[67,54249,464],{"class":85},[67,54251,89],{"class":81},[67,54253,4794],{"class":85},[67,54255,1407],{"class":81},[67,54257,54258,54261,54263,54265,54267,54269,54271,54273],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,54259,54260],{"class":73},"    squares",[67,54262,114],{"class":81},[67,54264,13739],{"class":117},[67,54266,138],{"class":81},[67,54268,2403],{"class":117},[67,54270,40051],{"class":77},[67,54272,2383],{"class":117},[67,54274,144],{"class":81},[67,54276,54277],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,54278,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,54280,54281,54283,54285,54288],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,54282,135],{"class":134},[67,54284,138],{"class":81},[67,54286,54287],{"class":117},"squares",[67,54289,144],{"class":81},[14,54291,159],{},[58,54293,54295],{"className":60,"code":54294,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[17,54296,54297],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54298,54299,54301,54303,54305,54307,54309,54312,54314,54316],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54300,174],{"class":81},[67,54302,464],{"class":85},[67,54304,89],{"class":81},[67,54306,2645],{"class":85},[67,54308,89],{"class":81},[67,54310,54311],{"class":85}," 9",[67,54313,89],{"class":81},[67,54315,14174],{"class":85},[67,54317,100],{"class":81},[53,54319,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,54321,54323],{"id":54322},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,54325,46543,54326,54328,54329,114],{},[17,54327,52830],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[17,54330,1103],{},[1109,54332,54334],{"id":54333},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,54336,54337,54338,114],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[45,54339,54340],{"href":53519},[17,54341,53621],{},[1109,54343,54345],{"id":54344},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,54347,54348],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,54350,222],{},[58,54352,54354],{"className":60,"code":54353,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,54355,54356,54372,54390,54394],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54357,54358,54360,54362,54364,54366,54368,54370],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54359,9352],{"class":73},[67,54361,78],{"class":77},[67,54363,82],{"class":81},[67,54365,464],{"class":85},[67,54367,89],{"class":81},[67,54369,3182],{"class":85},[67,54371,100],{"class":81},[67,54373,54374,54376,54378,54380,54382,54384,54386,54388],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,54375,9391],{"class":73},[67,54377,114],{"class":81},[67,54379,13739],{"class":117},[67,54381,370],{"class":81},[67,54383,2251],{"class":85},[67,54385,89],{"class":81},[67,54387,2645],{"class":85},[67,54389,376],{"class":81},[67,54391,54392],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,54393,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,54395,54396,54398,54400,54402],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,54397,135],{"class":134},[67,54399,138],{"class":81},[67,54401,9391],{"class":117},[67,54403,144],{"class":81},[14,54405,159],{},[58,54407,54408],{"className":60,"code":53483,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,54409,54410],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54411,54412,54414,54416,54418,54420,54422,54424,54426,54428,54430],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54413,174],{"class":81},[67,54415,464],{"class":85},[67,54417,89],{"class":81},[67,54419,3182],{"class":85},[67,54421,89],{"class":81},[67,54423,82],{"class":81},[67,54425,2251],{"class":85},[67,54427,89],{"class":81},[67,54429,2645],{"class":85},[67,54431,53417],{"class":81},[1109,54433,54435],{"id":54434},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54437,54438,54440,54441,54444],{},[17,54439,52830],{}," adds at the end. ",[17,54442,54443],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[53,54446,2094],{"id":2093},[25,54448,54449,54454,54458,54463,54467],{},[28,54450,54451],{},[45,54452,54453],{"href":53223},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[28,54455,54456],{},[45,54457,53735],{"href":53519},[28,54459,54460],{},[45,54461,54462],{"href":54083},"Python list insert() method",[28,54464,54465],{},[45,54466,531],{"href":530},[28,54468,54469],{},[45,54470,54472],{"href":54471},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2122,54474,54475],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":54477},[54478,54479,54480,54481,54482,54483,54489,54495,54496,54502],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":52909,"depth":103,"text":52910},{"id":5621,"depth":103,"text":5622},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":53227,"depth":103,"text":53228},{"id":53526,"depth":103,"text":53527,"children":54484},[54485,54487],{"id":53533,"depth":124,"text":54486},"Using append()",{"id":53618,"depth":124,"text":54488},"Using extend()",{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":54490},[54491,54492,54493,54494],{"id":53740,"depth":124,"text":53741},{"id":53918,"depth":124,"text":53919},{"id":53979,"depth":124,"text":53980},{"id":54071,"depth":124,"text":54072},{"id":54191,"depth":103,"text":54192},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":54497},[54498,54499,54500,54501],{"id":54322,"depth":124,"text":54323},{"id":54333,"depth":124,"text":54334},{"id":54344,"depth":124,"text":54345},{"id":54434,"depth":124,"text":54435},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52820,"description":54503},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54510,"title":54511,"body":54512,"description":55750,"extension":2153,"meta":55751,"navigation":127,"path":55752,"seo":55753,"stem":55754,"__hash__":55755},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54513,"toc":55715},[54514,54520,54526,54532,54534,54582,54587,54592,54596,54612,54618,54620,54623,54638,54640,54651,54653,54655,54712,54714,54722,54724,54740,54746,54748,54754,54758,54842,54845,54894,54901,54909,54912,54926,54939,54945,55020,55027,55034,55108,55116,55119,55130,55139,55143,55147,55158,55160,55237,55254,55256,55266,55269,55317,55319,55340,55343,55345,55396,55402,55409,55476,55482,55488,55491,55518,55523,55529,55532,55604,55607,55618,55624,55626,55632,55635,55641,55647,55654,55662,55668,55674,55676,55712],[10,54515,54517,54518,11509],{"id":54516},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[17,54519,11508],{},[14,54521,54522,54525],{},[17,54523,54524],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54527,54528,54529,54531],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[3934,54530,11521],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[53,54533,3798],{"id":3797},[58,54535,54537],{"className":60,"code":54536,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[17,54538,54539,54559,54569],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54540,54541,54543,54545,54547,54549,54551,54553,54555,54557],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54542,1131],{"class":73},[67,54544,78],{"class":77},[67,54546,82],{"class":81},[67,54548,464],{"class":85},[67,54550,89],{"class":81},[67,54552,3182],{"class":85},[67,54554,89],{"class":81},[67,54556,2639],{"class":85},[67,54558,100],{"class":81},[67,54560,54561,54563,54565,54567],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,54562,1141],{"class":73},[67,54564,114],{"class":81},[67,54566,11570],{"class":117},[67,54568,121],{"class":81},[67,54570,54571,54573,54575,54577,54579],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,54572,135],{"class":134},[67,54574,138],{"class":81},[67,54576,1141],{"class":117},[67,54578,3849],{"class":81},[67,54580,54581],{"class":3852},"  # []\n",[14,54583,185,54584,54586],{},[17,54585,11508],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[53,54588,3867,54590,3870],{"id":54589},"what-listclear-does",[17,54591,54524],{},[14,54593,54594,1161],{},[17,54595,54524],{},[25,54597,54598,54601,54604,54609],{},[28,54599,54600],{},"Removes every item from a list",[28,54602,54603],{},"Changes the original list in place",[28,54605,54606,54607],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[17,54608,3978],{},[28,54610,54611],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54613,54614,54615,54617],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[17,54616,11508],{},", but it contains no values.",[53,54619,352],{"id":351},[14,54621,54622],{},"Syntax:",[58,54624,54626],{"className":60,"code":54625,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list.clear()\n",[17,54627,54628],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54629,54630,54632,54634,54636],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54631,1953],{"class":73},[67,54633,114],{"class":81},[67,54635,11570],{"class":117},[67,54637,121],{"class":81},[14,54639,11646],{},[25,54641,54642,54645,54648],{},[28,54643,54644],{},"Call it on a list object",[28,54646,54647],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[28,54649,54650],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[53,54652,11663],{"id":11662},[14,54654,11666],{},[58,54656,54658],{"className":60,"code":54657,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,54659,54660,54684,54688,54698,54702],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54661,54662,54664,54666,54668,54670,54672,54674,54676,54678,54680,54682],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54663,74],{"class":73},[67,54665,78],{"class":77},[67,54667,82],{"class":81},[67,54669,86],{"class":85},[67,54671,89],{"class":81},[67,54673,92],{"class":85},[67,54675,89],{"class":81},[67,54677,97],{"class":85},[67,54679,89],{"class":81},[67,54681,51021],{"class":85},[67,54683,100],{"class":81},[67,54685,54686],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,54687,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,54689,54690,54692,54694,54696],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,54691,154],{"class":73},[67,54693,114],{"class":81},[67,54695,11570],{"class":117},[67,54697,121],{"class":81},[67,54699,54700],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,54701,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,54703,54704,54706,54708,54710],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,54705,135],{"class":134},[67,54707,138],{"class":81},[67,54709,154],{"class":117},[67,54711,144],{"class":81},[14,54713,159],{},[58,54715,54716],{"className":60,"code":38477,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,54717,54718],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54719,54720],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54721,38477],{"class":81},[14,54723,11872],{},[25,54725,54726,54731,54737],{},[28,54727,54728,54730],{},[17,54729,154],{}," starts with four items",[28,54732,54733,54736],{},[17,54734,54735],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[28,54738,54739],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54741,54742,54743,114],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[45,54744,531],{"href":54745},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[53,54747,17607],{"id":17606},[14,54749,54750,2584,54752,114],{},[17,54751,11508],{},[17,54753,1103],{},[14,54755,41085,54756,52845],{},[3934,54757,4820],{},[58,54759,54761],{"className":60,"code":54760,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[17,54762,54763,54795,54799,54813,54817,54830],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54764,54765,54767,54769,54771,54773,54775,54777,54779,54781,54783,54785,54787,54789,54791,54793],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54766,1131],{"class":73},[67,54768,78],{"class":77},[67,54770,82],{"class":81},[67,54772,240],{"class":239},[67,54774,45],{"class":243},[67,54776,240],{"class":239},[67,54778,89],{"class":81},[67,54780,251],{"class":239},[67,54782,428],{"class":243},[67,54784,240],{"class":239},[67,54786,89],{"class":81},[67,54788,251],{"class":239},[67,54790,437],{"class":243},[67,54792,240],{"class":239},[67,54794,100],{"class":81},[67,54796,54797],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,54798,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,54800,54801,54803,54805,54807,54809,54811],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,54802,2416],{"class":73},[67,54804,78],{"class":77},[67,54806,1220],{"class":73},[67,54808,114],{"class":81},[67,54810,11570],{"class":117},[67,54812,121],{"class":81},[67,54814,54815],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,54816,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,54818,54819,54821,54823,54825,54827],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,54820,135],{"class":134},[67,54822,138],{"class":81},[67,54824,1141],{"class":117},[67,54826,3849],{"class":81},[67,54828,54829],{"class":3852},"   # []\n",[67,54831,54832,54834,54836,54838,54840],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,54833,135],{"class":134},[67,54835,138],{"class":81},[67,54837,2451],{"class":117},[67,54839,3849],{"class":81},[67,54841,21064],{"class":3852},[14,54843,54844],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[58,54846,54848],{"className":60,"code":54847,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[17,54849,54850,54870,54884],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54851,54852,54854,54856,54858,54860,54862,54864,54866,54868],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54853,1131],{"class":73},[67,54855,78],{"class":77},[67,54857,82],{"class":81},[67,54859,464],{"class":85},[67,54861,89],{"class":81},[67,54863,3182],{"class":85},[67,54865,89],{"class":81},[67,54867,2639],{"class":85},[67,54869,100],{"class":81},[67,54871,54872,54874,54876,54878,54880,54882],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,54873,1131],{"class":73},[67,54875,78],{"class":77},[67,54877,1220],{"class":73},[67,54879,114],{"class":81},[67,54881,11570],{"class":117},[67,54883,121],{"class":81},[67,54885,54886,54888,54890,54892],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,54887,135],{"class":134},[67,54889,138],{"class":81},[67,54891,1141],{"class":117},[67,54893,144],{"class":81},[14,54895,12105,54896,42335,54898,54900],{},[17,54897,1141],{},[17,54899,1103],{},", not an empty list.",[53,54902,54904,54906,54907],{"id":54903},"clear-vs-assigning",[17,54905,11508],{}," vs assigning ",[17,54908,3978],{},[14,54910,54911],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[58,54913,54914],{"className":60,"code":54625,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,54915,54916],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54917,54918,54920,54922,54924],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54919,1953],{"class":73},[67,54921,114],{"class":81},[67,54923,11570],{"class":117},[67,54925,121],{"class":81},[58,54927,54929],{"className":60,"code":54928,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list = []\n",[17,54930,54931],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54932,54933,54935,54937],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54934,8496],{"class":73},[67,54936,78],{"class":77},[67,54938,1136],{"class":81},[1109,54940,54942,54944],{"id":54941},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[17,54943,11508],{}," empties the same list object",[58,54946,54948],{"className":60,"code":54947,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[17,54949,54950,54970,54978,54982,54992,54996,55008],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,54951,54952,54954,54956,54958,54960,54962,54964,54966,54968],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,54953,2744],{"class":73},[67,54955,78],{"class":77},[67,54957,82],{"class":81},[67,54959,464],{"class":85},[67,54961,89],{"class":81},[67,54963,3182],{"class":85},[67,54965,89],{"class":81},[67,54967,2639],{"class":85},[67,54969,100],{"class":81},[67,54971,54972,54974,54976],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,54973,2772],{"class":73},[67,54975,78],{"class":77},[67,54977,36357],{"class":73},[67,54979,54980],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,54981,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,54983,54984,54986,54988,54990],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,54985,45],{"class":73},[67,54987,114],{"class":81},[67,54989,11570],{"class":117},[67,54991,121],{"class":81},[67,54993,54994],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,54995,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,54997,54998,55000,55002,55004,55006],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,54999,135],{"class":134},[67,55001,138],{"class":81},[67,55003,45],{"class":117},[67,55005,3849],{"class":81},[67,55007,54581],{"class":3852},[67,55009,55010,55012,55014,55016,55018],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,55011,135],{"class":134},[67,55013,138],{"class":81},[67,55015,428],{"class":117},[67,55017,3849],{"class":81},[67,55019,54581],{"class":3852},[14,55021,10778,55022,961,55024,55026],{},[17,55023,45],{},[17,55025,428],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1109,55028,55030,55033],{"id":55029},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[17,55031,55032],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[58,55035,55037],{"className":60,"code":55036,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,55038,55039,55059,55067,55071,55079,55083,55095],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,55040,55041,55043,55045,55047,55049,55051,55053,55055,55057],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,55042,2744],{"class":73},[67,55044,78],{"class":77},[67,55046,82],{"class":81},[67,55048,464],{"class":85},[67,55050,89],{"class":81},[67,55052,3182],{"class":85},[67,55054,89],{"class":81},[67,55056,2639],{"class":85},[67,55058,100],{"class":81},[67,55060,55061,55063,55065],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,55062,2772],{"class":73},[67,55064,78],{"class":77},[67,55066,36357],{"class":73},[67,55068,55069],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,55070,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,55072,55073,55075,55077],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,55074,2744],{"class":73},[67,55076,78],{"class":77},[67,55078,1136],{"class":81},[67,55080,55081],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,55082,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,55084,55085,55087,55089,55091,55093],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,55086,135],{"class":134},[67,55088,138],{"class":81},[67,55090,45],{"class":117},[67,55092,3849],{"class":81},[67,55094,54581],{"class":3852},[67,55096,55097,55099,55101,55103,55105],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,55098,135],{"class":134},[67,55100,138],{"class":81},[67,55102,428],{"class":117},[67,55104,3849],{"class":81},[67,55106,55107],{"class":3852},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,55109,20959,55110,55112,55113,55115],{},[17,55111,45],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[17,55114,428],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,55117,55118],{},"This difference matters when:",[25,55120,55121,55124,55127],{},[28,55122,55123],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[28,55125,55126],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[28,55128,55129],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,55131,55132,55133,114],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[45,55134,55136,55137,946],{"href":55135},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[17,55138,12966],{},[53,55140,5151,55141],{"id":12627},[17,55142,11508],{},[14,55144,185,55145,6510],{},[17,55146,11508],{},[25,55148,55149,55152,55155],{},[28,55150,55151],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[28,55153,55154],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[28,55156,55157],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,55159,222],{},[58,55161,55163],{"className":60,"code":55162,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[17,55164,55165,55201,55205,55210,55221,55225],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,55166,55167,55170,55172,55174,55176,55179,55181,55183,55185,55188,55190,55192,55194,55197,55199],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,55168,55169],{"class":73},"shopping_cart ",[67,55171,78],{"class":77},[67,55173,82],{"class":81},[67,55175,240],{"class":239},[67,55177,55178],{"class":243},"milk",[67,55180,240],{"class":239},[67,55182,89],{"class":81},[67,55184,251],{"class":239},[67,55186,55187],{"class":243},"bread",[67,55189,240],{"class":239},[67,55191,89],{"class":81},[67,55193,251],{"class":239},[67,55195,55196],{"class":243},"eggs",[67,55198,240],{"class":239},[67,55200,100],{"class":81},[67,55202,55203],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,55204,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,55206,55207],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,55208,55209],{"class":3852},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[67,55211,55212,55215,55217,55219],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,55213,55214],{"class":73},"shopping_cart",[67,55216,114],{"class":81},[67,55218,11570],{"class":117},[67,55220,121],{"class":81},[67,55222,55223],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,55224,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,55226,55227,55229,55231,55233,55235],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,55228,135],{"class":134},[67,55230,138],{"class":81},[67,55232,55214],{"class":117},[67,55234,3849],{"class":81},[67,55236,54581],{"class":3852},[14,55238,55239,55240,55242,55243,55248,55249,114],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[45,55241,1903],{"href":1902}," or the ",[45,55244,55245,946],{"href":47},[17,55246,55247],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[45,55250,55252,946],{"href":55251},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[17,55253,19],{},[53,55255,4707],{"id":4706},[1109,55257,55259,55260,11279,55263],{"id":55258},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[17,55261,55262],{},"my_list.clear",[17,55264,55265],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,55267,55268],{},"This does not call the method.",[58,55270,55272],{"className":60,"code":55271,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[17,55273,55274,55294,55298,55307],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,55275,55276,55278,55280,55282,55284,55286,55288,55290,55292],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,55277,1131],{"class":73},[67,55279,78],{"class":77},[67,55281,82],{"class":81},[67,55283,464],{"class":85},[67,55285,89],{"class":81},[67,55287,3182],{"class":85},[67,55289,89],{"class":81},[67,55291,2639],{"class":85},[67,55293,100],{"class":81},[67,55295,55296],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,55297,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,55299,55300,55302,55304],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,55301,1141],{"class":73},[67,55303,114],{"class":81},[67,55305,55306],{"class":24938},"clear\n",[67,55308,55309,55311,55313,55315],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,55310,135],{"class":134},[67,55312,138],{"class":81},[67,55314,1141],{"class":117},[67,55316,144],{"class":81},[14,55318,159],{},[58,55320,55322],{"className":60,"code":55321,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[17,55323,55324],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,55325,55326,55328,55330,55332,55334,55336,55338],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,55327,174],{"class":81},[67,55329,464],{"class":85},[67,55331,89],{"class":81},[67,55333,3182],{"class":85},[67,55335,89],{"class":81},[67,55337,2639],{"class":85},[67,55339,100],{"class":81},[14,55341,55342],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,55344,10994],{},[58,55346,55348],{"className":60,"code":55347,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[17,55349,55350,55370,55374,55384],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,55351,55352,55354,55356,55358,55360,55362,55364,55366,55368],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,55353,1131],{"class":73},[67,55355,78],{"class":77},[67,55357,82],{"class":81},[67,55359,464],{"class":85},[67,55361,89],{"class":81},[67,55363,3182],{"class":85},[67,55365,89],{"class":81},[67,55367,2639],{"class":85},[67,55369,100],{"class":81},[67,55371,55372],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,55373,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,55375,55376,55378,55380,55382],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,55377,1141],{"class":73},[67,55379,114],{"class":81},[67,55381,11570],{"class":117},[67,55383,121],{"class":81},[67,55385,55386,55388,55390,55392,55394],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,55387,135],{"class":134},[67,55389,138],{"class":81},[67,55391,1141],{"class":117},[67,55393,3849],{"class":81},[67,55395,54581],{"class":3852},[1109,55397,1930,55399,55401],{"id":55398},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[17,55400,11508],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55403,55404,2584,55406,55408],{},[17,55405,11508],{},[17,55407,1103],{},", not the list.",[58,55410,55412],{"className":60,"code":55411,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[17,55413,55414,55434,55448,55452,55464],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,55415,55416,55418,55420,55422,55424,55426,55428,55430,55432],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,55417,1131],{"class":73},[67,55419,78],{"class":77},[67,55421,82],{"class":81},[67,55423,464],{"class":85},[67,55425,89],{"class":81},[67,55427,3182],{"class":85},[67,55429,89],{"class":81},[67,55431,2639],{"class":85},[67,55433,100],{"class":81},[67,55435,55436,55438,55440,55442,55444,55446],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,55437,2416],{"class":73},[67,55439,78],{"class":77},[67,55441,1220],{"class":73},[67,55443,114],{"class":81},[67,55445,11570],{"class":117},[67,55447,121],{"class":81},[67,55449,55450],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,55451,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,55453,55454,55456,55458,55460,55462],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,55455,135],{"class":134},[67,55457,138],{"class":81},[67,55459,2451],{"class":117},[67,55461,3849],{"class":81},[67,55463,21064],{"class":3852},[67,55465,55466,55468,55470,55472,55474],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,55467,135],{"class":134},[67,55469,138],{"class":81},[67,55471,1141],{"class":117},[67,55473,3849],{"class":81},[67,55475,54829],{"class":3852},[1109,55477,8604,55479,55481],{"id":55478},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[17,55480,11508],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55483,55484,55485,55487],{},"Some types have a ",[17,55486,11508],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55489,55490],{},"This will fail:",[58,55492,55494],{"className":60,"code":55493,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[17,55495,55496,55508],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,55497,55498,55500,55502,55504,55506],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,55499,34873],{"class":73},[67,55501,78],{"class":77},[67,55503,251],{"class":239},[67,55505,4036],{"class":243},[67,55507,3547],{"class":239},[67,55509,55510,55512,55514,55516],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,55511,34894],{"class":73},[67,55513,114],{"class":81},[67,55515,11570],{"class":117},[67,55517,121],{"class":81},[14,55519,55520,55521,33785],{},"A string does not have a ",[17,55522,11508],{},[14,55524,55525,55526,55528],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[17,55527,1103],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55530,55531],{},"Useful checks:",[58,55533,55535],{"className":60,"code":55534,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[17,55536,55537,55547,55561,55575,55584,55594],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,55538,55539,55541,55543,55545],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,55540,135],{"class":134},[67,55542,138],{"class":81},[67,55544,1953],{"class":117},[67,55546,144],{"class":81},[67,55548,55549,55551,55553,55555,55557,55559],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,55550,135],{"class":134},[67,55552,138],{"class":81},[67,55554,2011],{"class":362},[67,55556,138],{"class":81},[67,55558,1953],{"class":117},[67,55560,1426],{"class":81},[67,55562,55563,55565,55567,55569,55571,55573],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,55564,135],{"class":134},[67,55566,138],{"class":81},[67,55568,12839],{"class":134},[67,55570,138],{"class":81},[67,55572,1953],{"class":117},[67,55574,1426],{"class":81},[67,55576,55577,55579,55581],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,55578,43729],{"class":73},[67,55580,78],{"class":77},[67,55582,55583],{"class":73}," my_list\n",[67,55585,55586,55588,55590,55592],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,55587,1953],{"class":73},[67,55589,114],{"class":81},[67,55591,11570],{"class":117},[67,55593,121],{"class":81},[67,55595,55596,55598,55600,55602],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,55597,135],{"class":134},[67,55599,138],{"class":81},[67,55601,30927],{"class":117},[67,55603,144],{"class":81},[14,55605,55606],{},"These can help you see:",[25,55608,55609,55612,55615],{},[28,55610,55611],{},"What the variable currently contains",[28,55613,55614],{},"Whether it is really a list",[28,55616,55617],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55619,55620,55621,114],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[45,55622,55623],{"href":54471},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[53,55625,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,55627,12894,55629,55631],{"id":55628},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[17,55630,54524],{}," delete the list?",[14,55633,55634],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1109,55636,12894,55638,55640],{"id":55637},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[17,55639,54524],{}," return a new list?",[14,55642,55643,55644,55646],{},"No. It returns ",[17,55645,1103],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1109,55648,5369,55650,961,55652,2681],{"id":55649},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[17,55651,11508],{},[17,55653,55032],{},[14,55655,55656,55658,55659,55661],{},[17,55657,11508],{}," empties the same list object. ",[17,55660,55032],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1109,55663,28516,55665,55667],{"id":55664},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[17,55666,11508],{}," on other types?",[14,55669,55670,55671,55673],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[17,55672,11508],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[53,55675,2094],{"id":2093},[25,55677,55678,55682,55686,55693,55699,55705],{},[28,55679,55680],{},[45,55681,531],{"href":54745},[28,55683,55684],{},[45,55685,2101],{"href":1902},[28,55687,55688],{},[45,55689,55690,55691,946],{"href":55251},"Python list ",[17,55692,39],{},[28,55694,55695],{},[45,55696,55690,55697,946],{"href":47},[17,55698,50],{},[28,55700,55701],{},[45,55702,55690,55703,946],{"href":55135},[17,55704,12966],{},[28,55706,55707],{},[45,55708,30531,55709,33818],{"href":54471},[17,55710,55711],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2122,55713,55714],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":55716},[55717,55718,55720,55721,55722,55723,55730,55731,55739,55749],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":54589,"depth":103,"text":55719},"What list.clear() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607},{"id":54903,"depth":103,"text":55724,"children":55725},"clear() vs assigning []",[55726,55728],{"id":54941,"depth":124,"text":55727},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55029,"depth":124,"text":55729},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12627,"depth":103,"text":12998},{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":55732},[55733,55735,55737],{"id":55258,"depth":124,"text":55734},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55398,"depth":124,"text":55736},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55478,"depth":124,"text":55738},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":55740},[55741,55743,55745,55747],{"id":55628,"depth":124,"text":55742},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55637,"depth":124,"text":55744},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55649,"depth":124,"text":55746},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55664,"depth":124,"text":55748},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54511,"description":55750},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55757,"title":55758,"body":55759,"description":57443,"extension":2153,"meta":57444,"navigation":127,"path":57445,"seo":57446,"stem":57447,"__hash__":57448},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55760,"toc":57411},[55761,55766,55772,55780,55782,55871,55878,55883,55887,55901,55903,55980,55982,56043,56046,56048,56050,56071,56074,56088,56091,56136,56138,56146,56149,56155,56161,56164,56241,56243,56288,56291,56296,56379,56381,56422,56427,56431,56437,56439,56447,56450,56543,56545,56603,56606,56622,56627,56637,56642,56644,56649,56654,56657,56659,56716,56719,56772,56777,56782,56786,56803,56805,56889,56891,56932,56940,56942,56947,56953,56955,57018,57023,57093,57097,57132,57135,57137,57176,57180,57256,57262,57268,57273,57295,57298,57317,57325,57327,57333,57336,57343,57351,57356,57359,57363,57369,57377,57380,57382,57408],[10,55762,54517,55764,11509],{"id":55763},"python-list-copy-method",[17,55765,12966],{},[14,55767,55768,55771],{},[17,55769,55770],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55773,55774,55775,14240,55777,55779],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[17,55776,78],{},[3934,55778,4820],{}," make a real copy.",[53,55781,56],{"id":55},[58,55783,55785],{"className":60,"code":55784,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,55786,55787,55807,55822,55826,55841,55845,55858],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,55788,55789,55791,55793,55795,55797,55799,55801,55803,55805],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,55790,74],{"class":73},[67,55792,78],{"class":77},[67,55794,82],{"class":81},[67,55796,464],{"class":85},[67,55798,89],{"class":81},[67,55800,3182],{"class":85},[67,55802,89],{"class":81},[67,55804,2639],{"class":85},[67,55806,100],{"class":81},[67,55808,55809,55812,55814,55816,55818,55820],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,55810,55811],{"class":73},"new_numbers ",[67,55813,78],{"class":77},[67,55815,111],{"class":73},[67,55817,114],{"class":81},[67,55819,13100],{"class":117},[67,55821,121],{"class":81},[67,55823,55824],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,55825,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,55827,55828,55831,55833,55835,55837,55839],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,55829,55830],{"class":73},"new_numbers",[67,55832,114],{"class":81},[67,55834,13739],{"class":117},[67,55836,138],{"class":81},[67,55838,2694],{"class":85},[67,55840,144],{"class":81},[67,55842,55843],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,55844,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,55846,55847,55849,55851,55853,55855],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,55848,135],{"class":134},[67,55850,138],{"class":81},[67,55852,154],{"class":117},[67,55854,3849],{"class":81},[67,55856,55857],{"class":3852},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[67,55859,55860,55862,55864,55866,55868],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,55861,135],{"class":134},[67,55863,138],{"class":81},[67,55865,55830],{"class":117},[67,55867,3849],{"class":81},[67,55869,55870],{"class":3852},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55872,185,55873,55875,55876,114],{},[17,55874,55770],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[3934,55877,13040],{},[53,55879,3867,55881,3870],{"id":55880},"what-listcopy-does",[17,55882,55770],{},[14,55884,55885,1161],{},[17,55886,55770],{},[25,55888,55889,55892,55895,55898],{},[28,55890,55891],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[28,55893,55894],{},"Returns that new list",[28,55896,55897],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[28,55899,55900],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55902,222],{},[58,55904,55906],{"className":60,"code":55905,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[17,55907,55908,55940,55955,55959,55969],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,55909,55910,55912,55914,55916,55918,55920,55922,55924,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936,55938],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,55911,680],{"class":73},[67,55913,78],{"class":77},[67,55915,82],{"class":81},[67,55917,240],{"class":239},[67,55919,689],{"class":243},[67,55921,240],{"class":239},[67,55923,89],{"class":81},[67,55925,251],{"class":239},[67,55927,698],{"class":243},[67,55929,240],{"class":239},[67,55931,89],{"class":81},[67,55933,251],{"class":239},[67,55935,716],{"class":243},[67,55937,240],{"class":239},[67,55939,100],{"class":81},[67,55941,55942,55945,55947,55949,55951,55953],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,55943,55944],{"class":73},"copied_fruits ",[67,55946,78],{"class":77},[67,55948,733],{"class":73},[67,55950,114],{"class":81},[67,55952,13100],{"class":117},[67,55954,121],{"class":81},[67,55956,55957],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,55958,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,55960,55961,55963,55965,55967],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,55962,135],{"class":134},[67,55964,138],{"class":81},[67,55966,766],{"class":117},[67,55968,144],{"class":81},[67,55970,55971,55973,55975,55978],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,55972,135],{"class":134},[67,55974,138],{"class":81},[67,55976,55977],{"class":117},"copied_fruits",[67,55979,144],{"class":81},[14,55981,159],{},[58,55983,55985],{"className":60,"code":55984,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[17,55986,55987,56015],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,55988,55989,55991,55993,55995,55997,55999,56001,56003,56005,56007,56009,56011,56013],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,55990,174],{"class":81},[67,55992,333],{"class":239},[67,55994,689],{"class":243},[67,55996,333],{"class":239},[67,55998,89],{"class":81},[67,56000,342],{"class":239},[67,56002,698],{"class":243},[67,56004,333],{"class":239},[67,56006,89],{"class":81},[67,56008,342],{"class":239},[67,56010,716],{"class":243},[67,56012,333],{"class":239},[67,56014,100],{"class":81},[67,56016,56017,56019,56021,56023,56025,56027,56029,56031,56033,56035,56037,56039,56041],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,56018,174],{"class":81},[67,56020,333],{"class":239},[67,56022,689],{"class":243},[67,56024,333],{"class":239},[67,56026,89],{"class":81},[67,56028,342],{"class":239},[67,56030,698],{"class":243},[67,56032,333],{"class":239},[67,56034,89],{"class":81},[67,56036,342],{"class":239},[67,56038,716],{"class":243},[67,56040,333],{"class":239},[67,56042,100],{"class":81},[14,56044,56045],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[53,56047,352],{"id":351},[14,56049,2347],{},[58,56051,56053],{"className":60,"code":56052,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[17,56054,56055],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,56056,56057,56060,56062,56065,56067,56069],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,56058,56059],{"class":73},"new_list ",[67,56061,78],{"class":77},[67,56063,56064],{"class":73}," old_list",[67,56066,114],{"class":81},[67,56068,13100],{"class":117},[67,56070,121],{"class":81},[14,56072,56073],{},"How it works:",[25,56075,56076,56082,56085],{},[28,56077,56078,56079,56081],{},"Call ",[17,56080,12966],{}," on an existing list",[28,56083,56084],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[28,56086,56087],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,56089,56090],{},"Example with an empty list:",[58,56092,56094],{"className":60,"code":56093,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[17,56095,56096,56105,56121,56125],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,56097,56098,56101,56103],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,56099,56100],{"class":73},"empty_list ",[67,56102,78],{"class":77},[67,56104,1136],{"class":81},[67,56106,56107,56110,56112,56115,56117,56119],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,56108,56109],{"class":73},"new_empty_list ",[67,56111,78],{"class":77},[67,56113,56114],{"class":73}," empty_list",[67,56116,114],{"class":81},[67,56118,13100],{"class":117},[67,56120,121],{"class":81},[67,56122,56123],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,56124,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,56126,56127,56129,56131,56134],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,56128,135],{"class":134},[67,56130,138],{"class":81},[67,56132,56133],{"class":117},"new_empty_list",[67,56135,144],{"class":81},[14,56137,159],{},[58,56139,56140],{"className":60,"code":38477,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,56141,56142],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,56143,56144],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,56145,38477],{"class":81},[14,56147,56148],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[53,56150,56152,56153],{"id":56151},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[17,56154,78],{},[14,56156,8604,56157,14240,56159,52845],{},[17,56158,78],{},[3934,56160,4820],{},[14,56162,56163],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[58,56165,56167],{"className":60,"code":56166,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[17,56168,56169,56189,56198,56202,56217,56221,56231],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,56170,56171,56173,56175,56177,56179,56181,56183,56185,56187],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,56172,74],{"class":73},[67,56174,78],{"class":77},[67,56176,82],{"class":81},[67,56178,464],{"class":85},[67,56180,89],{"class":81},[67,56182,3182],{"class":85},[67,56184,89],{"class":81},[67,56186,2639],{"class":85},[67,56188,100],{"class":81},[67,56190,56191,56194,56196],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,56192,56193],{"class":73},"same_list ",[67,56195,78],{"class":77},[67,56197,44161],{"class":73},[67,56199,56200],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,56201,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,56203,56204,56207,56209,56211,56213,56215],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,56205,56206],{"class":73},"same_list",[67,56208,114],{"class":81},[67,56210,13739],{"class":117},[67,56212,138],{"class":81},[67,56214,2694],{"class":85},[67,56216,144],{"class":81},[67,56218,56219],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,56220,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,56222,56223,56225,56227,56229],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,56224,135],{"class":134},[67,56226,138],{"class":81},[67,56228,154],{"class":117},[67,56230,144],{"class":81},[67,56232,56233,56235,56237,56239],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,56234,135],{"class":134},[67,56236,138],{"class":81},[67,56238,56206],{"class":117},[67,56240,144],{"class":81},[14,56242,159],{},[58,56244,56246],{"className":60,"code":56245,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,56247,56248,56268],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,56249,56250,56252,56254,56256,56258,56260,56262,56264,56266],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,56251,174],{"class":81},[67,56253,464],{"class":85},[67,56255,89],{"class":81},[67,56257,3182],{"class":85},[67,56259,89],{"class":81},[67,56261,2639],{"class":85},[67,56263,89],{"class":81},[67,56265,2645],{"class":85},[67,56267,100],{"class":81},[67,56269,56270,56272,56274,56276,56278,56280,56282,56284,56286],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,56271,174],{"class":81},[67,56273,464],{"class":85},[67,56275,89],{"class":81},[67,56277,3182],{"class":85},[67,56279,89],{"class":81},[67,56281,2639],{"class":85},[67,56283,89],{"class":81},[67,56285,2645],{"class":85},[67,56287,100],{"class":81},[14,56289,56290],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,56292,56293,56294,1161],{},"Now compare that with ",[17,56295,12966],{},[58,56297,56299],{"className":60,"code":56298,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[17,56300,56301,56321,56336,56340,56355,56359,56369],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,56302,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311,56313,56315,56317,56319],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,56304,74],{"class":73},[67,56306,78],{"class":77},[67,56308,82],{"class":81},[67,56310,464],{"class":85},[67,56312,89],{"class":81},[67,56314,3182],{"class":85},[67,56316,89],{"class":81},[67,56318,2639],{"class":85},[67,56320,100],{"class":81},[67,56322,56323,56326,56328,56330,56332,56334],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,56324,56325],{"class":73},"copied_numbers ",[67,56327,78],{"class":77},[67,56329,111],{"class":73},[67,56331,114],{"class":81},[67,56333,13100],{"class":117},[67,56335,121],{"class":81},[67,56337,56338],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,56339,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,56341,56342,56345,56347,56349,56351,56353],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,56343,56344],{"class":73},"copied_numbers",[67,56346,114],{"class":81},[67,56348,13739],{"class":117},[67,56350,138],{"class":81},[67,56352,2694],{"class":85},[67,56354,144],{"class":81},[67,56356,56357],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,56358,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,56360,56361,56363,56365,56367],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,56362,135],{"class":134},[67,56364,138],{"class":81},[67,56366,154],{"class":117},[67,56368,144],{"class":81},[67,56370,56371,56373,56375,56377],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,56372,135],{"class":134},[67,56374,138],{"class":81},[67,56376,56344],{"class":117},[67,56378,144],{"class":81},[14,56380,159],{},[58,56382,56384],{"className":60,"code":56383,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,56385,56386,56402],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,56387,56388,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398,56400],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,56389,174],{"class":81},[67,56391,464],{"class":85},[67,56393,89],{"class":81},[67,56395,3182],{"class":85},[67,56397,89],{"class":81},[67,56399,2639],{"class":85},[67,56401,100],{"class":81},[67,56403,56404,56406,56408,56410,56412,56414,56416,56418,56420],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,56405,174],{"class":81},[67,56407,464],{"class":85},[67,56409,89],{"class":81},[67,56411,3182],{"class":85},[67,56413,89],{"class":81},[67,56415,2639],{"class":85},[67,56417,89],{"class":81},[67,56419,2645],{"class":85},[67,56421,100],{"class":81},[14,56423,56424,56425,114],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[45,56426,531],{"href":530},[53,56428,56430],{"id":56429},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56432,56433,13037,56435,114],{},[17,56434,55770],{},[3934,56436,13040],{},[14,56438,2296],{},[25,56440,56441,56444],{},[28,56442,56443],{},"The outer list is new",[28,56445,56446],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56448,56449],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[58,56451,56453],{"className":60,"code":56452,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[17,56454,56455,56482,56496,56500,56519,56523,56533],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,56456,56457,56459,56461,56464,56466,56468,56470,56472,56474,56476,56478,56480],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,56458,12275],{"class":73},[67,56460,78],{"class":77},[67,56462,56463],{"class":81}," [[",[67,56465,464],{"class":85},[67,56467,89],{"class":81},[67,56469,3182],{"class":85},[67,56471,18249],{"class":81},[67,56473,82],{"class":81},[67,56475,2251],{"class":85},[67,56477,89],{"class":81},[67,56479,2645],{"class":85},[67,56481,53417],{"class":81},[67,56483,56484,56486,56488,56490,56492,56494],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,56485,14498],{"class":73},[67,56487,78],{"class":77},[67,56489,12350],{"class":73},[67,56491,114],{"class":81},[67,56493,13100],{"class":117},[67,56495,121],{"class":81},[67,56497,56498],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,56499,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,56501,56502,56504,56506,56508,56510,56512,56514,56517],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,56503,14517],{"class":73},[67,56505,174],{"class":81},[67,56507,1031],{"class":85},[67,56509,13736],{"class":81},[67,56511,13739],{"class":117},[67,56513,138],{"class":81},[67,56515,56516],{"class":85},"99",[67,56518,144],{"class":81},[67,56520,56521],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,56522,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,56524,56525,56527,56529,56531],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,56526,135],{"class":134},[67,56528,138],{"class":81},[67,56530,12322],{"class":117},[67,56532,144],{"class":81},[67,56534,56535,56537,56539,56541],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,56536,135],{"class":134},[67,56538,138],{"class":81},[67,56540,14517],{"class":117},[67,56542,144],{"class":81},[14,56544,159],{},[58,56546,56548],{"className":60,"code":56547,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[17,56549,56550,56577],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,56551,56552,56555,56557,56559,56561,56563,56565,56567,56569,56571,56573,56575],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,56553,56554],{"class":81},"[[",[67,56556,464],{"class":85},[67,56558,89],{"class":81},[67,56560,3182],{"class":85},[67,56562,89],{"class":81},[67,56564,10384],{"class":85},[67,56566,18249],{"class":81},[67,56568,82],{"class":81},[67,56570,2251],{"class":85},[67,56572,89],{"class":81},[67,56574,2645],{"class":85},[67,56576,53417],{"class":81},[67,56578,56579,56581,56583,56585,56587,56589,56591,56593,56595,56597,56599,56601],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,56580,56554],{"class":81},[67,56582,464],{"class":85},[67,56584,89],{"class":81},[67,56586,3182],{"class":85},[67,56588,89],{"class":81},[67,56590,10384],{"class":85},[67,56592,18249],{"class":81},[67,56594,82],{"class":81},[67,56596,2251],{"class":85},[67,56598,89],{"class":81},[67,56600,2645],{"class":85},[67,56602,53417],{"class":81},[14,56604,56605],{},"Why did both change?",[25,56607,56608,56615],{},[28,56609,56610,961,56612,56614],{},[17,56611,12322],{},[17,56613,14517],{}," are different outer lists",[28,56616,56617,56618,56621],{},"But the inner list ",[17,56619,56620],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56623,53828,56624,56626],{},[17,56625,12966],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[25,56628,56629,56632,56635],{},[28,56630,56631],{},"Numbers",[28,56633,56634],{},"Strings",[28,56636,40774],{},[14,56638,56639,56640,114],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[45,56641,13977],{"href":13976},[53,56643,17607],{"id":17606},[14,56645,56646,56648],{},[17,56647,55770],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56650,41085,56651,56653],{},[3934,56652,4820],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56655,56656],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56658,16843],{},[58,56660,56662],{"className":60,"code":56661,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[17,56663,56664,56688,56702,56706],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,56665,56666,56668,56670,56672,56674,56676,56678,56680,56682,56684,56686],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,56667,232],{"class":73},[67,56669,78],{"class":77},[67,56671,82],{"class":81},[67,56673,240],{"class":239},[67,56675,244],{"class":243},[67,56677,240],{"class":239},[67,56679,89],{"class":81},[67,56681,251],{"class":239},[67,56683,263],{"class":243},[67,56685,240],{"class":239},[67,56687,100],{"class":81},[67,56689,56690,56692,56694,56696,56698,56700],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,56691,13305],{"class":73},[67,56693,78],{"class":77},[67,56695,281],{"class":73},[67,56697,114],{"class":81},[67,56699,13100],{"class":117},[67,56701,121],{"class":81},[67,56703,56704],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,56705,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,56707,56708,56710,56712,56714],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,56709,135],{"class":134},[67,56711,138],{"class":81},[67,56713,13328],{"class":117},[67,56715,144],{"class":81},[14,56717,56718],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[58,56720,56722],{"className":60,"code":56721,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,56723,56724,56748,56758,56762],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,56725,56726,56728,56730,56732,56734,56736,56738,56740,56742,56744,56746],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,56727,232],{"class":73},[67,56729,78],{"class":77},[67,56731,82],{"class":81},[67,56733,240],{"class":239},[67,56735,244],{"class":243},[67,56737,240],{"class":239},[67,56739,89],{"class":81},[67,56741,251],{"class":239},[67,56743,263],{"class":243},[67,56745,240],{"class":239},[67,56747,100],{"class":81},[67,56749,56750,56752,56754,56756],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,56751,312],{"class":73},[67,56753,114],{"class":81},[67,56755,13100],{"class":117},[67,56757,121],{"class":81},[67,56759,56760],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,56761,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,56763,56764,56766,56768,56770],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,56765,135],{"class":134},[67,56767,138],{"class":81},[67,56769,312],{"class":117},[67,56771,144],{"class":81},[14,56773,1890,56774,56776],{},[17,56775,12966],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[53,56778,5151,56780],{"id":56779},"when-to-use-listcopy",[17,56781,55770],{},[14,56783,185,56784,1671],{},[17,56785,55770],{},[25,56787,56788,56791,56794,56797],{},[28,56789,56790],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[28,56792,56793],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[28,56795,56796],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[28,56798,56799,56800],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[17,56801,56802],{},"[:]",[14,56804,222],{},[58,56806,56808],{"className":60,"code":56807,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[17,56809,56810,56830,56845,56849,56864,56868,56878],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,56811,56812,56814,56816,56818,56820,56822,56824,56826,56828],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,56813,5252],{"class":73},[67,56815,78],{"class":77},[67,56817,82],{"class":81},[67,56819,86],{"class":85},[67,56821,89],{"class":81},[67,56823,92],{"class":85},[67,56825,89],{"class":81},[67,56827,97],{"class":85},[67,56829,100],{"class":81},[67,56831,56832,56835,56837,56839,56841,56843],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,56833,56834],{"class":73},"backup_scores ",[67,56836,78],{"class":77},[67,56838,5299],{"class":73},[67,56840,114],{"class":81},[67,56842,13100],{"class":117},[67,56844,121],{"class":81},[67,56846,56847],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,56848,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,56850,56851,56853,56855,56857,56859,56862],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,56852,16576],{"class":73},[67,56854,114],{"class":81},[67,56856,13739],{"class":117},[67,56858,138],{"class":81},[67,56860,56861],{"class":85},"40",[67,56863,144],{"class":81},[67,56865,56866],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,56867,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,56869,56870,56872,56874,56876],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,56871,135],{"class":134},[67,56873,138],{"class":81},[67,56875,16576],{"class":117},[67,56877,144],{"class":81},[67,56879,56880,56882,56884,56887],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,56881,135],{"class":134},[67,56883,138],{"class":81},[67,56885,56886],{"class":117},"backup_scores",[67,56888,144],{"class":81},[14,56890,159],{},[58,56892,56894],{"className":60,"code":56893,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[17,56895,56896,56916],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,56897,56898,56900,56902,56904,56906,56908,56910,56912,56914],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,56899,174],{"class":81},[67,56901,86],{"class":85},[67,56903,89],{"class":81},[67,56905,92],{"class":85},[67,56907,89],{"class":81},[67,56909,97],{"class":85},[67,56911,89],{"class":81},[67,56913,51021],{"class":85},[67,56915,100],{"class":81},[67,56917,56918,56920,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,56919,174],{"class":81},[67,56921,86],{"class":85},[67,56923,89],{"class":81},[67,56925,92],{"class":85},[67,56927,89],{"class":81},[67,56929,97],{"class":85},[67,56931,100],{"class":81},[14,56933,56934,56935,114],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[45,56936,55690,56938,946],{"href":56937},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[17,56939,52830],{},[53,56941,4707],{"id":4706},[14,56943,56944,56945,114],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[17,56946,55770],{},[1109,56948,8604,56950,56952],{"id":56949},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[17,56951,78],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,56954,39378],{},[58,56956,56958],{"className":60,"code":56957,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,56959,56960,56980,56988,57002,57006],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,56961,56962,56964,56966,56968,56970,56972,56974,56976,56978],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,56963,2744],{"class":73},[67,56965,78],{"class":77},[67,56967,82],{"class":81},[67,56969,464],{"class":85},[67,56971,89],{"class":81},[67,56973,3182],{"class":85},[67,56975,89],{"class":81},[67,56977,2639],{"class":85},[67,56979,100],{"class":81},[67,56981,56982,56984,56986],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,56983,2772],{"class":73},[67,56985,78],{"class":77},[67,56987,36357],{"class":73},[67,56989,56990,56992,56994,56996,56998,57000],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,56991,428],{"class":73},[67,56993,114],{"class":81},[67,56995,13739],{"class":117},[67,56997,138],{"class":81},[67,56999,2694],{"class":85},[67,57001,144],{"class":81},[67,57003,57004],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,57005,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,57007,57008,57010,57012,57014,57016],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,57009,135],{"class":134},[67,57011,138],{"class":81},[67,57013,45],{"class":117},[67,57015,3849],{"class":81},[67,57017,55870],{"class":3852},[14,57019,57020,57021,6823],{},"Fix: use ",[17,57022,12966],{},[58,57024,57026],{"className":60,"code":57025,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,57027,57028,57048,57063,57077,57081],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,57029,57030,57032,57034,57036,57038,57040,57042,57044,57046],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,57031,2744],{"class":73},[67,57033,78],{"class":77},[67,57035,82],{"class":81},[67,57037,464],{"class":85},[67,57039,89],{"class":81},[67,57041,3182],{"class":85},[67,57043,89],{"class":81},[67,57045,2639],{"class":85},[67,57047,100],{"class":81},[67,57049,57050,57052,57054,57057,57059,57061],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,57051,2772],{"class":73},[67,57053,78],{"class":77},[67,57055,57056],{"class":73}," a",[67,57058,114],{"class":81},[67,57060,13100],{"class":117},[67,57062,121],{"class":81},[67,57064,57065,57067,57069,57071,57073,57075],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,57066,428],{"class":73},[67,57068,114],{"class":81},[67,57070,13739],{"class":117},[67,57072,138],{"class":81},[67,57074,2694],{"class":85},[67,57076,144],{"class":81},[67,57078,57079],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,57080,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,57082,57083,57085,57087,57089,57091],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,57084,135],{"class":134},[67,57086,138],{"class":81},[67,57088,45],{"class":117},[67,57090,3849],{"class":81},[67,57092,55107],{"class":3852},[1109,57094,57096],{"id":57095},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[58,57098,57100],{"className":60,"code":57099,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[17,57101,57102,57122],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,57103,57104,57106,57108,57110,57112,57114,57116,57118,57120],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,57105,74],{"class":73},[67,57107,78],{"class":77},[67,57109,82],{"class":81},[67,57111,464],{"class":85},[67,57113,89],{"class":81},[67,57115,3182],{"class":85},[67,57117,89],{"class":81},[67,57119,2639],{"class":85},[67,57121,100],{"class":81},[67,57123,57124,57126,57128,57130],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,57125,154],{"class":73},[67,57127,114],{"class":81},[67,57129,13100],{"class":117},[67,57131,121],{"class":81},[14,57133,57134],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,57136,1177],{},[58,57138,57140],{"className":60,"code":57139,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[17,57141,57142,57162],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,57143,57144,57146,57148,57150,57152,57154,57156,57158,57160],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,57145,74],{"class":73},[67,57147,78],{"class":77},[67,57149,82],{"class":81},[67,57151,464],{"class":85},[67,57153,89],{"class":81},[67,57155,3182],{"class":85},[67,57157,89],{"class":81},[67,57159,2639],{"class":85},[67,57161,100],{"class":81},[67,57163,57164,57166,57168,57170,57172,57174],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,57165,56325],{"class":73},[67,57167,78],{"class":77},[67,57169,111],{"class":73},[67,57171,114],{"class":81},[67,57173,13100],{"class":117},[67,57175,121],{"class":81},[1109,57177,57179],{"id":57178},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[58,57181,57183],{"className":60,"code":57182,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[17,57184,57185,57203,57217,57221,57239,57243],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,57186,57187,57189,57191,57193,57195,57197,57199,57201],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,57188,2744],{"class":73},[67,57190,78],{"class":77},[67,57192,56463],{"class":81},[67,57194,464],{"class":85},[67,57196,18249],{"class":81},[67,57198,82],{"class":81},[67,57200,2245],{"class":85},[67,57202,53417],{"class":81},[67,57204,57205,57207,57209,57211,57213,57215],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,57206,2772],{"class":73},[67,57208,78],{"class":77},[67,57210,57056],{"class":73},[67,57212,114],{"class":81},[67,57214,13100],{"class":117},[67,57216,121],{"class":81},[67,57218,57219],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,57220,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,57222,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231,57233,57235,57237],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,57224,428],{"class":73},[67,57226,174],{"class":81},[67,57228,1031],{"class":85},[67,57230,13736],{"class":81},[67,57232,13739],{"class":117},[67,57234,138],{"class":81},[67,57236,56516],{"class":85},[67,57238,144],{"class":81},[67,57240,57241],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,57242,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,57244,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,57246,135],{"class":134},[67,57248,138],{"class":81},[67,57250,45],{"class":117},[67,57252,3849],{"class":81},[67,57254,57255],{"class":3852},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,57257,57258,57259,57261],{},"Fix: remember that ",[17,57260,55770],{}," is shallow.",[1109,57263,25805,57265,57267],{"id":57264},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[17,57266,12966],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,57269,57270,57272],{},[17,57271,12966],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[58,57274,57276],{"className":60,"code":57275,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[17,57277,57278,57290],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,57279,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,57281,8065],{"class":73},[67,57283,78],{"class":77},[67,57285,251],{"class":239},[67,57287,5193],{"class":243},[67,57289,3547],{"class":239},[67,57291,57292],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,57293,57294],{"class":3852},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,57296,57297],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[58,57299,57301],{"className":60,"code":57300,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(name))\n",[17,57302,57303],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,57304,57305,57307,57309,57311,57313,57315],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,57306,135],{"class":134},[67,57308,138],{"class":81},[67,57310,2011],{"class":362},[67,57312,138],{"class":81},[67,57314,7860],{"class":117},[67,57316,1426],{"class":81},[14,57318,57319,57320,57324],{},"You can also review ",[45,57321,57323],{"href":57322},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[53,57326,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,57328,12894,57330,57332],{"id":57329},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[17,57331,55770],{}," change the original list?",[14,57334,57335],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1109,57337,5369,57339,961,57341,2681],{"id":57338},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[17,57340,55770],{},[17,57342,78],{},[14,57344,57345,57347,57348,57350],{},[17,57346,12966],{}," creates a new list. ",[17,57349,78],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1109,57352,15090,57354,15093],{"id":57353},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[17,57355,55770],{},[14,57357,57358],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1109,57360,57362],{"id":57361},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,57364,42332,57365,57368],{},[17,57366,57367],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1109,57370,15090,57372,57374,57375,2681],{"id":57371},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[17,57373,55770],{}," the same as ",[17,57376,56802],{},[14,57378,57379],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[53,57381,2094],{"id":2093},[25,57383,57384,57389,57393,57398,57404],{},[28,57385,57386],{},[45,57387,15152],{"href":57388},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[28,57390,57391],{},[45,57392,531],{"href":530},[28,57394,57395],{},[45,57396,57397],{"href":57322},"Creating a list in Python",[28,57399,57400],{},[45,57401,55690,57402,946],{"href":56937},[17,57403,52830],{},[28,57405,57406],{},[45,57407,13977],{"href":13976},[2122,57409,57410],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":57412},[57413,57414,57416,57417,57419,57420,57421,57423,57431,57442],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":55880,"depth":103,"text":57415},"What list.copy() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":56151,"depth":103,"text":57418},"Why not use =",{"id":56429,"depth":103,"text":56430},{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607},{"id":56779,"depth":103,"text":57422},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":57424},[57425,57427,57428,57429],{"id":56949,"depth":124,"text":57426},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57095,"depth":124,"text":57096},{"id":57178,"depth":124,"text":57179},{"id":57264,"depth":124,"text":57430},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":57432},[57433,57435,57437,57439,57440],{"id":57329,"depth":124,"text":57434},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57338,"depth":124,"text":57436},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57353,"depth":124,"text":57438},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57361,"depth":124,"text":57362},{"id":57371,"depth":124,"text":57441},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55758,"description":57443},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57450,"title":57451,"body":57452,"description":59193,"extension":2153,"meta":59194,"navigation":127,"path":59195,"seo":59196,"stem":59197,"__hash__":59198},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57453,"toc":59152},[57454,57460,57466,57469,57480,57483,57485,57548,57554,57559,57563,57577,57580,57585,57590,57592,57594,57613,57625,57627,57694,57696,57704,57709,57711,57719,57722,57739,57741,57865,57876,57880,57885,57888,57890,57908,57912,57998,58007,58015,58084,58086,58089,58101,58106,58110,58181,58184,58188,58192,58257,58259,58267,58271,58354,58356,58364,58368,58429,58431,58439,58443,58530,58532,58540,58545,58550,58553,58564,58566,58651,58656,58665,58667,58671,58675,58680,58742,58746,58754,58760,58769,58774,58823,58826,58847,58851,58913,58920,58925,58928,59015,59018,59029,59032,59052,59054,59060,59063,59067,59071,59077,59080,59086,59093,59101,59112,59114,59149],[10,57455,54517,57457,11509],{"id":57456},"python-list-count-method",[17,57458,57459],{},"count()",[14,57461,57462,57465],{},[17,57463,57464],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57467,57468],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[25,57470,57471,57474,57477],{},[28,57472,57473],{},"count one specific item",[28,57475,57476],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[28,57478,57479],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57481,57482],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[53,57484,3798],{"id":3797},[58,57486,57488],{"className":60,"code":57487,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[17,57489,57490,57518,57536],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,57491,57492,57494,57496,57498,57500,57502,57504,57506,57508,57510,57512,57514,57516],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,57493,74],{"class":73},[67,57495,78],{"class":77},[67,57497,82],{"class":81},[67,57499,464],{"class":85},[67,57501,89],{"class":81},[67,57503,3182],{"class":85},[67,57505,89],{"class":81},[67,57507,3182],{"class":85},[67,57509,89],{"class":81},[67,57511,2639],{"class":85},[67,57513,89],{"class":81},[67,57515,3182],{"class":85},[67,57517,100],{"class":81},[67,57519,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,57521,2416],{"class":73},[67,57523,78],{"class":77},[67,57525,111],{"class":73},[67,57527,114],{"class":81},[67,57529,41439],{"class":117},[67,57531,138],{"class":81},[67,57533,2245],{"class":85},[67,57535,144],{"class":81},[67,57537,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,57539,135],{"class":134},[67,57541,138],{"class":81},[67,57543,2451],{"class":117},[67,57545,3849],{"class":81},[67,57547,50948],{"class":3852},[14,57549,185,57550,57553],{},[17,57551,57552],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[53,57555,3867,57557,3870],{"id":57556},"what-listcount-does",[17,57558,57464],{},[14,57560,57561,1161],{},[17,57562,57464],{},[25,57564,57565,57568,57571,57574],{},[28,57566,57567],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[28,57569,57570],{},"returns an integer",[28,57572,57573],{},"does not change the original list",[28,57575,57576],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57578,57579],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57581,57582,57583,114],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[17,57584,2251],{},[14,57586,57587,57588,114],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[17,57589,1031],{},[53,57591,352],{"id":351},[14,57593,2347],{},[58,57595,57597],{"className":60,"code":57596,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list.count(value)\n",[17,57598,57599],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,57600,57601,57603,57605,57607,57609,57611],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,57602,1953],{"class":73},[67,57604,114],{"class":81},[67,57606,41439],{"class":117},[67,57608,138],{"class":81},[67,57610,2661],{"class":117},[67,57612,144],{"class":81},[25,57614,57615,57620],{},[28,57616,57617,57619],{},[17,57618,1953],{}," is the list you want to search",[28,57621,57622,57624],{},[17,57623,2661],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57626,222],{},[58,57628,57630],{"className":60,"code":57629,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[17,57631,57632,57672],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,57633,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646,57648,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,57635,411],{"class":73},[67,57637,78],{"class":77},[67,57639,82],{"class":81},[67,57641,240],{"class":239},[67,57643,45],{"class":243},[67,57645,240],{"class":239},[67,57647,89],{"class":81},[67,57649,251],{"class":239},[67,57651,428],{"class":243},[67,57653,240],{"class":239},[67,57655,89],{"class":81},[67,57657,251],{"class":239},[67,57659,45],{"class":243},[67,57661,240],{"class":239},[67,57663,89],{"class":81},[67,57665,251],{"class":239},[67,57667,437],{"class":243},[67,57669,240],{"class":239},[67,57671,100],{"class":81},[67,57673,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682,57684,57686,57688,57690,57692],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,57675,135],{"class":134},[67,57677,138],{"class":81},[67,57679,490],{"class":117},[67,57681,114],{"class":81},[67,57683,41439],{"class":117},[67,57685,138],{"class":81},[67,57687,240],{"class":239},[67,57689,45],{"class":243},[67,57691,240],{"class":239},[67,57693,1426],{"class":81},[14,57695,159],{},[58,57697,57698],{"className":60,"code":17244,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,57699,57700],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,57701,57702],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,57703,17244],{"class":85},[14,57705,57706,57707,114],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[17,57708,1031],{},[53,57710,38200],{"id":38199},[14,57712,57713,57714,57716,57717,114],{},"The return value from ",[17,57715,57459],{}," is always an ",[17,57718,2376],{},[14,57720,57721],{},"Possible results:",[25,57723,57724,57729,57734],{},[28,57725,57726,57728],{},[17,57727,1031],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[28,57730,57731,57733],{},[17,57732,464],{}," if it appears once",[28,57735,57736,57738],{},[17,57737,2245],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57740,222],{},[58,57742,57744],{"className":60,"code":57743,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[17,57745,57746,57786,57790,57815,57840],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,57747,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774,57776,57778,57780,57782,57784],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,57749,232],{"class":73},[67,57751,78],{"class":77},[67,57753,82],{"class":81},[67,57755,240],{"class":239},[67,57757,244],{"class":243},[67,57759,240],{"class":239},[67,57761,89],{"class":81},[67,57763,251],{"class":239},[67,57765,263],{"class":243},[67,57767,240],{"class":239},[67,57769,89],{"class":81},[67,57771,251],{"class":239},[67,57773,254],{"class":243},[67,57775,240],{"class":239},[67,57777,89],{"class":81},[67,57779,251],{"class":239},[67,57781,263],{"class":243},[67,57783,240],{"class":239},[67,57785,100],{"class":81},[67,57787,57788],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,57789,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,57791,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,57793,135],{"class":134},[67,57795,138],{"class":81},[67,57797,312],{"class":117},[67,57799,114],{"class":81},[67,57801,41439],{"class":117},[67,57803,138],{"class":81},[67,57805,240],{"class":239},[67,57807,263],{"class":243},[67,57809,240],{"class":239},[67,57811,5552],{"class":81},[67,57813,57814],{"class":3852},"   # 2\n",[67,57816,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,57818,135],{"class":134},[67,57820,138],{"class":81},[67,57822,312],{"class":117},[67,57824,114],{"class":81},[67,57826,41439],{"class":117},[67,57828,138],{"class":81},[67,57830,240],{"class":239},[67,57832,244],{"class":243},[67,57834,240],{"class":239},[67,57836,5552],{"class":81},[67,57838,57839],{"class":3852},"    # 1\n",[67,57841,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858,57860,57862],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,57843,135],{"class":134},[67,57845,138],{"class":81},[67,57847,312],{"class":117},[67,57849,114],{"class":81},[67,57851,41439],{"class":117},[67,57853,138],{"class":81},[67,57855,240],{"class":239},[67,57857,22713],{"class":243},[67,57859,240],{"class":239},[67,57861,5552],{"class":81},[67,57863,57864],{"class":3852}," # 0\n",[14,57866,57867,57868,57870,57871,57873,57874,114],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[17,57869,57459],{}," works, but using ",[17,57872,4074],{}," is often simpler. See ",[45,57875,6390],{"href":6389},[53,57877,57879],{"id":57878},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57881,57882,57884],{},[17,57883,57464],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57886,57887],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57889,208],{},[25,57891,57892,57895,57898,57905],{},[28,57893,57894],{},"matches are based on equality",[28,57896,57897],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[28,57899,57900,961,57902,57904],{},[17,57901,464],{},[17,57903,3793],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[28,57906,57907],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1109,57909,57911],{"id":57910},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[58,57913,57915],{"className":60,"code":57914,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[17,57916,57917,57950,57974],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,57918,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57938,57940,57942,57944,57946,57948],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,57920,4261],{"class":73},[67,57922,78],{"class":77},[67,57924,82],{"class":81},[67,57926,240],{"class":239},[67,57928,689],{"class":243},[67,57930,240],{"class":239},[67,57932,89],{"class":81},[67,57934,251],{"class":239},[67,57936,57937],{"class":243},"Apple",[67,57939,240],{"class":239},[67,57941,89],{"class":81},[67,57943,251],{"class":239},[67,57945,689],{"class":243},[67,57947,240],{"class":239},[67,57949,100],{"class":81},[67,57951,57952,57954,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,57953,135],{"class":134},[67,57955,138],{"class":81},[67,57957,4302],{"class":117},[67,57959,114],{"class":81},[67,57961,41439],{"class":117},[67,57963,138],{"class":81},[67,57965,240],{"class":239},[67,57967,689],{"class":243},[67,57969,240],{"class":239},[67,57971,5552],{"class":81},[67,57973,51592],{"class":3852},[67,57975,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986,57988,57990,57992,57994,57996],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,57977,135],{"class":134},[67,57979,138],{"class":81},[67,57981,4302],{"class":117},[67,57983,114],{"class":81},[67,57985,41439],{"class":117},[67,57987,138],{"class":81},[67,57989,240],{"class":239},[67,57991,57937],{"class":243},[67,57993,240],{"class":239},[67,57995,5552],{"class":81},[67,57997,27967],{"class":3852},[14,57999,58000,961,58003,58006],{},[17,58001,58002],{},"\"apple\"",[17,58004,58005],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1109,58008,58010,961,58012,58014],{"id":58009},"_1-and-true-can-match",[17,58011,464],{},[17,58013,3793],{}," can match",[58,58016,58018],{"className":60,"code":58017,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[17,58019,58020,58044,58064],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58021,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58023,4014],{"class":73},[67,58025,78],{"class":77},[67,58027,82],{"class":81},[67,58029,464],{"class":85},[67,58031,89],{"class":81},[67,58033,4106],{"class":4043},[67,58035,89],{"class":81},[67,58037,3182],{"class":85},[67,58039,89],{"class":81},[67,58041,5689],{"class":85},[67,58043,100],{"class":81},[67,58045,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,58047,135],{"class":134},[67,58049,138],{"class":81},[67,58051,5549],{"class":117},[67,58053,114],{"class":81},[67,58055,41439],{"class":117},[67,58057,138],{"class":81},[67,58059,464],{"class":85},[67,58061,5552],{"class":81},[67,58063,51096],{"class":3852},[67,58065,58066,58068,58070,58072,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,58067,135],{"class":134},[67,58069,138],{"class":81},[67,58071,5549],{"class":117},[67,58073,114],{"class":81},[67,58075,41439],{"class":117},[67,58077,138],{"class":81},[67,58079,3793],{"class":4043},[67,58081,5552],{"class":81},[67,58083,50948],{"class":3852},[14,58085,4598],{},[14,58087,58088],{},"In Python:",[25,58090,58091,58096],{},[28,58092,58093],{},[17,58094,58095],{},"True == 1",[28,58097,58098],{},[17,58099,58100],{},"False == 0",[14,58102,53828,58103,58105],{},[17,58104,57459],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1109,58107,58109],{"id":58108},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[58,58111,58113],{"className":60,"code":58112,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[17,58114,58115,58157],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58116,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149,58151,58153,58155],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58118,1131],{"class":73},[67,58120,78],{"class":77},[67,58122,56463],{"class":81},[67,58124,464],{"class":85},[67,58126,89],{"class":81},[67,58128,3182],{"class":85},[67,58130,18249],{"class":81},[67,58132,82],{"class":81},[67,58134,2251],{"class":85},[67,58136,89],{"class":81},[67,58138,2645],{"class":85},[67,58140,18249],{"class":81},[67,58142,82],{"class":81},[67,58144,464],{"class":85},[67,58146,89],{"class":81},[67,58148,3182],{"class":85},[67,58150,18249],{"class":81},[67,58152,82],{"class":81},[67,58154,464],{"class":85},[67,58156,53417],{"class":81},[67,58158,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177,58179],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,58160,135],{"class":134},[67,58162,138],{"class":81},[67,58164,1141],{"class":117},[67,58166,114],{"class":81},[67,58168,41439],{"class":117},[67,58170,370],{"class":81},[67,58172,464],{"class":85},[67,58174,89],{"class":81},[67,58176,3182],{"class":85},[67,58178,4925],{"class":81},[67,58180,51592],{"class":3852},[14,58182,58183],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[53,58185,58187],{"id":58186},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1109,58189,58191],{"id":58190},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[58,58193,58195],{"className":60,"code":58194,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,58196,58197,58225,58243,58247],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58198,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221,58223],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58200,74],{"class":73},[67,58202,78],{"class":77},[67,58204,82],{"class":81},[67,58206,86],{"class":85},[67,58208,89],{"class":81},[67,58210,92],{"class":85},[67,58212,89],{"class":81},[67,58214,6196],{"class":85},[67,58216,89],{"class":81},[67,58218,97],{"class":85},[67,58220,89],{"class":81},[67,58222,6196],{"class":85},[67,58224,100],{"class":81},[67,58226,58227,58229,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,58228,2416],{"class":73},[67,58230,78],{"class":77},[67,58232,111],{"class":73},[67,58234,114],{"class":81},[67,58236,41439],{"class":117},[67,58238,138],{"class":81},[67,58240,86],{"class":85},[67,58242,144],{"class":81},[67,58244,58245],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,58246,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,58248,58249,58251,58253,58255],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,58250,135],{"class":134},[67,58252,138],{"class":81},[67,58254,2451],{"class":117},[67,58256,144],{"class":81},[14,58258,159],{},[58,58260,58261],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,58262,58263],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58264,58265],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58266,46795],{"class":85},[1109,58268,58270],{"id":58269},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[58,58272,58274],{"className":60,"code":58273,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,58275,58276,58318,58340,58344],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58277,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311,58314,58316],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58279,4261],{"class":73},[67,58281,78],{"class":77},[67,58283,82],{"class":81},[67,58285,240],{"class":239},[67,58287,37227],{"class":243},[67,58289,240],{"class":239},[67,58291,89],{"class":81},[67,58293,251],{"class":239},[67,58295,58296],{"class":243},"dog",[67,58298,240],{"class":239},[67,58300,89],{"class":81},[67,58302,251],{"class":239},[67,58304,37227],{"class":243},[67,58306,240],{"class":239},[67,58308,89],{"class":81},[67,58310,251],{"class":239},[67,58312,58313],{"class":243},"bird",[67,58315,240],{"class":239},[67,58317,100],{"class":81},[67,58319,58320,58322,58324,58326,58328,58330,58332,58334,58336,58338],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,58321,2416],{"class":73},[67,58323,78],{"class":77},[67,58325,6360],{"class":73},[67,58327,114],{"class":81},[67,58329,41439],{"class":117},[67,58331,138],{"class":81},[67,58333,240],{"class":239},[67,58335,37227],{"class":243},[67,58337,240],{"class":239},[67,58339,144],{"class":81},[67,58341,58342],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,58343,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,58345,58346,58348,58350,58352],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,58347,135],{"class":134},[67,58349,138],{"class":81},[67,58351,2451],{"class":117},[67,58353,144],{"class":81},[14,58355,159],{},[58,58357,58358],{"className":60,"code":17244,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,58359,58360],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58361,58362],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58363,17244],{"class":85},[1109,58365,58367],{"id":58366},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[58,58369,58371],{"className":60,"code":58370,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,58372,58373,58397,58415,58419],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58374,58375,58377,58379,58381,58383,58385,58387,58389,58391,58393,58395],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58376,74],{"class":73},[67,58378,78],{"class":77},[67,58380,82],{"class":81},[67,58382,464],{"class":85},[67,58384,89],{"class":81},[67,58386,3182],{"class":85},[67,58388,89],{"class":81},[67,58390,2639],{"class":85},[67,58392,89],{"class":81},[67,58394,2645],{"class":85},[67,58396,100],{"class":81},[67,58398,58399,58401,58403,58405,58407,58409,58411,58413],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,58400,2416],{"class":73},[67,58402,78],{"class":77},[67,58404,111],{"class":73},[67,58406,114],{"class":81},[67,58408,41439],{"class":117},[67,58410,138],{"class":81},[67,58412,1308],{"class":85},[67,58414,144],{"class":81},[67,58416,58417],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,58418,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,58420,58421,58423,58425,58427],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,58422,135],{"class":134},[67,58424,138],{"class":81},[67,58426,2451],{"class":117},[67,58428,144],{"class":81},[14,58430,159],{},[58,58432,58433],{"className":60,"code":47430,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,58434,58435],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58436,58437],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58438,47430],{"class":85},[1109,58440,58442],{"id":58441},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[58,58444,58446],{"className":60,"code":58445,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,58447,58448,58494,58516,58520],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58449,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58451,9352],{"class":73},[67,58453,78],{"class":77},[67,58455,56463],{"class":81},[67,58457,464],{"class":85},[67,58459,89],{"class":81},[67,58461,3182],{"class":85},[67,58463,18249],{"class":81},[67,58465,82],{"class":81},[67,58467,464],{"class":85},[67,58469,89],{"class":81},[67,58471,3182],{"class":85},[67,58473,18249],{"class":81},[67,58475,82],{"class":81},[67,58477,2245],{"class":85},[67,58479,89],{"class":81},[67,58481,2639],{"class":85},[67,58483,18249],{"class":81},[67,58485,82],{"class":81},[67,58487,464],{"class":85},[67,58489,89],{"class":81},[67,58491,3182],{"class":85},[67,58493,53417],{"class":81},[67,58495,58496,58498,58500,58502,58504,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,58497,2416],{"class":73},[67,58499,78],{"class":77},[67,58501,14753],{"class":73},[67,58503,114],{"class":81},[67,58505,41439],{"class":117},[67,58507,370],{"class":81},[67,58509,464],{"class":85},[67,58511,89],{"class":81},[67,58513,3182],{"class":85},[67,58515,376],{"class":81},[67,58517,58518],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,58519,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,58521,58522,58524,58526,58528],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,58523,135],{"class":134},[67,58525,138],{"class":81},[67,58527,2451],{"class":117},[67,58529,144],{"class":81},[14,58531,159],{},[58,58533,58534],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,58535,58536],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58537,58538],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58539,46795],{"class":85},[53,58541,5151,58543],{"id":58542},"when-to-use-count",[17,58544,57459],{},[14,58546,185,58547,58549],{},[17,58548,57459],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58551,58552],{},"Good use cases:",[25,58554,58555,58558,58561],{},[28,58556,58557],{},"counting one specific item",[28,58559,58560],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[28,58562,58563],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58565,222],{},[58,58567,58569],{"className":60,"code":58568,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[17,58570,58571,58612,58636,58640],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58572,58573,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586,58588,58590,58592,58594,58596,58598,58600,58602,58604,58606,58608,58610],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58574,58575],{"class":73},"votes ",[67,58577,78],{"class":77},[67,58579,82],{"class":81},[67,58581,240],{"class":239},[67,58583,8844],{"class":243},[67,58585,240],{"class":239},[67,58587,89],{"class":81},[67,58589,251],{"class":239},[67,58591,8784],{"class":243},[67,58593,240],{"class":239},[67,58595,89],{"class":81},[67,58597,251],{"class":239},[67,58599,8844],{"class":243},[67,58601,240],{"class":239},[67,58603,89],{"class":81},[67,58605,251],{"class":239},[67,58607,8844],{"class":243},[67,58609,240],{"class":239},[67,58611,100],{"class":81},[67,58613,58614,58617,58619,58622,58624,58626,58628,58630,58632,58634],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,58615,58616],{"class":73},"yes_votes ",[67,58618,78],{"class":77},[67,58620,58621],{"class":73}," votes",[67,58623,114],{"class":81},[67,58625,41439],{"class":117},[67,58627,138],{"class":81},[67,58629,240],{"class":239},[67,58631,8844],{"class":243},[67,58633,240],{"class":239},[67,58635,144],{"class":81},[67,58637,58638],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,58639,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,58641,58642,58644,58646,58649],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,58643,135],{"class":134},[67,58645,138],{"class":81},[67,58647,58648],{"class":117},"yes_votes",[67,58650,144],{"class":81},[14,58652,58653,58655],{},[17,58654,57459],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58657,58658,58659,961,58661,114],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[45,58660,531],{"href":530},[45,58662,58664],{"href":58663},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[53,58666,1907],{"id":1906},[14,58668,8634,58669,114],{},[17,58670,57464],{},[1109,58672,58674],{"id":58673},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58676,58677,58679],{},[17,58678,57464],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[58,58681,58683],{"className":60,"code":58682,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[17,58684,58685,58718],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58686,58687,58689,58691,58693,58695,58698,58700,58702,58704,58706,58708,58710,58712,58714,58716],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58688,4261],{"class":73},[67,58690,78],{"class":77},[67,58692,82],{"class":81},[67,58694,240],{"class":239},[67,58696,58697],{"class":243},"apple pie",[67,58699,240],{"class":239},[67,58701,89],{"class":81},[67,58703,251],{"class":239},[67,58705,698],{"class":243},[67,58707,240],{"class":239},[67,58709,89],{"class":81},[67,58711,251],{"class":239},[67,58713,58697],{"class":243},[67,58715,240],{"class":239},[67,58717,100],{"class":81},[67,58719,58720,58722,58724,58726,58728,58730,58732,58734,58736,58738,58740],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,58721,135],{"class":134},[67,58723,138],{"class":81},[67,58725,4302],{"class":117},[67,58727,114],{"class":81},[67,58729,41439],{"class":117},[67,58731,138],{"class":81},[67,58733,240],{"class":239},[67,58735,689],{"class":243},[67,58737,240],{"class":239},[67,58739,5552],{"class":81},[67,58741,51424],{"class":3852},[14,58743,2677,58744,2681],{},[17,58745,1031],{},[14,58747,29248,58748,58750,58751,114],{},[17,58749,58002],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[17,58752,58753],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58755,58756,58757,114],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[17,58758,58759],{},"str.count()",[1109,58761,1930,58763,8642,58765,3068,58767],{"id":58762},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[17,58764,57459],{},[17,58766,3793],{},[17,58768,3863],{},[14,58770,58771,58773],{},[17,58772,57459],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[58,58775,58777],{"className":60,"code":58776,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[17,58778,58779,58803],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58780,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799,58801],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58782,74],{"class":73},[67,58784,78],{"class":77},[67,58786,82],{"class":81},[67,58788,464],{"class":85},[67,58790,89],{"class":81},[67,58792,3182],{"class":85},[67,58794,89],{"class":81},[67,58796,3182],{"class":85},[67,58798,89],{"class":81},[67,58800,2639],{"class":85},[67,58802,100],{"class":81},[67,58804,58805,58807,58809,58811,58813,58815,58817,58819,58821],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,58806,135],{"class":134},[67,58808,138],{"class":81},[67,58810,154],{"class":117},[67,58812,114],{"class":81},[67,58814,41439],{"class":117},[67,58816,138],{"class":81},[67,58818,2245],{"class":85},[67,58820,5552],{"class":81},[67,58822,51592],{"class":3852},[14,58824,58825],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[58,58827,58829],{"className":60,"code":58828,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[17,58830,58831],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58832,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58834,135],{"class":134},[67,58836,138],{"class":81},[67,58838,2245],{"class":85},[67,58840,21362],{"class":1167},[67,58842,111],{"class":117},[67,58844,3849],{"class":81},[67,58846,3853],{"class":3852},[1109,58848,58850],{"id":58849},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[58,58852,58854],{"className":60,"code":58853,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[17,58855,58856,58889],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58857,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866,58868,58870,58872,58874,58876,58878,58880,58882,58885,58887],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58859,977],{"class":73},[67,58861,78],{"class":77},[67,58863,82],{"class":81},[67,58865,240],{"class":239},[67,58867,7869],{"class":243},[67,58869,240],{"class":239},[67,58871,89],{"class":81},[67,58873,251],{"class":239},[67,58875,20406],{"class":243},[67,58877,240],{"class":239},[67,58879,89],{"class":81},[67,58881,251],{"class":239},[67,58883,58884],{"class":243},"SAM",[67,58886,240],{"class":239},[67,58888,100],{"class":81},[67,58890,58891,58893,58895,58897,58899,58901,58903,58905,58907,58909,58911],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,58892,135],{"class":134},[67,58894,138],{"class":81},[67,58896,1057],{"class":117},[67,58898,114],{"class":81},[67,58900,41439],{"class":117},[67,58902,138],{"class":81},[67,58904,240],{"class":239},[67,58906,20406],{"class":243},[67,58908,240],{"class":239},[67,58910,5552],{"class":81},[67,58912,27967],{"class":3852},[14,58914,58915,58916,58919],{},"Only the exact string ",[17,58917,58918],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1109,58921,29837,58923,33733],{"id":58922},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[17,58924,57459],{},[14,58926,58927],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[58,58929,58931],{"className":60,"code":58930,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[17,58932,58933,58943,58957,58975,58989,59001],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,58934,58935,58937,58939,58941],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,58936,135],{"class":134},[67,58938,138],{"class":81},[67,58940,1953],{"class":117},[67,58942,144],{"class":81},[67,58944,58945,58947,58949,58951,58953,58955],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,58946,135],{"class":134},[67,58948,138],{"class":81},[67,58950,2011],{"class":362},[67,58952,138],{"class":81},[67,58954,1953],{"class":117},[67,58956,1426],{"class":81},[67,58958,58959,58961,58963,58965,58967,58969,58971,58973],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,58960,135],{"class":134},[67,58962,138],{"class":81},[67,58964,1953],{"class":117},[67,58966,114],{"class":81},[67,58968,41439],{"class":117},[67,58970,138],{"class":81},[67,58972,2661],{"class":117},[67,58974,1426],{"class":81},[67,58976,58977,58979,58981,58983,58985,58987],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,58978,135],{"class":134},[67,58980,138],{"class":81},[67,58982,2634],{"class":117},[67,58984,4074],{"class":1167},[67,58986,8582],{"class":117},[67,58988,144],{"class":81},[67,58990,58991,58993,58995,58997,58999],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,58992,6150],{"class":1167},[67,58994,6153],{"class":73},[67,58996,4074],{"class":1167},[67,58998,8582],{"class":73},[67,59000,1223],{"class":81},[67,59002,59003,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,59004,1228],{"class":134},[67,59006,138],{"class":81},[67,59008,41959],{"class":134},[67,59010,138],{"class":81},[67,59012,479],{"class":117},[67,59014,1426],{"class":81},[14,59016,59017],{},"These checks can help you see:",[25,59019,59020,59023,59026],{},[28,59021,59022],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[28,59024,59025],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[28,59027,59028],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,59030,59031],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[25,59033,59034,59039,59042,59049],{},[28,59035,50669,59036,59038],{},[17,59037,57459],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[28,59040,59041],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[28,59043,11294,59044,59046,59047],{},[17,59045,57464],{}," with string ",[17,59048,57459],{},[28,59050,59051],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[53,59053,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,59055,12894,59057,59059],{"id":59056},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[17,59058,57464],{}," change the list?",[14,59061,59062],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1109,59064,59066],{"id":59065},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,59068,12100,59069,114],{},[17,59070,1031],{},[1109,59072,5359,59074,59076],{"id":59073},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[17,59075,57464],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,59078,59079],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1109,59081,15090,59083,59085],{"id":59082},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[17,59084,57464],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,59087,42332,59088,961,59090,59092],{},[17,59089,58005],{},[17,59091,58002],{}," are different values.",[1109,59094,5347,59096,59098,59099,2681],{"id":59095},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[17,59097,3793],{}," sometimes count like ",[17,59100,464],{},[14,59102,8971,59103,59105,59106,961,59108,59105,59110,114],{},[17,59104,3793],{}," compares equal to ",[17,59107,464],{},[17,59109,3863],{},[17,59111,1031],{},[53,59113,2094],{"id":2093},[25,59115,59116,59120,59126,59130,59137,59144],{},[28,59117,59118],{},[45,59119,531],{"href":530},[28,59121,59122],{},[45,59123,59125],{"href":59124},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[28,59127,59128],{},[45,59129,7128],{"href":6389},[28,59131,59132],{},[45,59133,55690,59134,946],{"href":942},[17,59135,59136],{},"index()",[28,59138,59139],{},[45,59140,3764,59142],{"href":59141},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[17,59143,1339],{},[28,59145,59146],{},[45,59147,59148],{"href":58663},"What is a list in Python",[2122,59150,59151],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":59153},[59154,59155,59157,59158,59159,59165,59171,59173,59181,59192],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":57556,"depth":103,"text":59156},"What list.count() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":38199,"depth":103,"text":38200},{"id":57878,"depth":103,"text":57879,"children":59160},[59161,59162,59164],{"id":57910,"depth":124,"text":57911},{"id":58009,"depth":124,"text":59163},"1 and True can match",{"id":58108,"depth":124,"text":58109},{"id":58186,"depth":103,"text":58187,"children":59166},[59167,59168,59169,59170],{"id":58190,"depth":124,"text":58191},{"id":58269,"depth":124,"text":58270},{"id":58366,"depth":124,"text":58367},{"id":58441,"depth":124,"text":58442},{"id":58542,"depth":103,"text":59172},"When to use count()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":59174},[59175,59176,59178,59179],{"id":58673,"depth":124,"text":58674},{"id":58762,"depth":124,"text":59177},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58849,"depth":124,"text":58850},{"id":58922,"depth":124,"text":59180},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":59182},[59183,59185,59186,59188,59190],{"id":59056,"depth":124,"text":59184},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59065,"depth":124,"text":59066},{"id":59073,"depth":124,"text":59187},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59082,"depth":124,"text":59189},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59095,"depth":124,"text":59191},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57451,"description":59193},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59200,"title":59201,"body":59202,"description":61165,"extension":2153,"meta":61166,"navigation":127,"path":61167,"seo":61168,"stem":61169,"__hash__":61170},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59203,"toc":61128},[59204,59207,59210,59212,59340,59344,59425,59436,59438,59457,59461,59464,59467,59485,59487,59530,59534,59559,59568,59572,59577,59580,59697,59701,59770,59774,59786,59790,59793,59834,59838,59851,59854,59939,59943,59976,59983,59989,59994,59996,60008,60012,60045,60049,60081,60085,60122,60126,60146,60150,60184,60188,60217,60228,60232,60235,60238,60251,60308,60312,60351,60357,60360,60362,60365,60369,60372,60397,60399,60424,60431,60434,60479,60483,60502,60505,60544,60551,60556,60590,60594,60695,60702,60735,60739,60765,60769,60772,60810,60813,60850,60854,60857,60876,60880,60941,60943,60961,60965,60968,60971,61000,61002,61006,61009,61017,61021,61024,61044,61050,61056,61060,61063,61070,61078,61080,61119,61125],[10,59205,59201],{"id":59206},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,59208,59209],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[53,59211,3798],{"id":3797},[58,59213,59215],{"className":60,"code":59214,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[17,59216,59217,59237,59269,59277,59295,59299,59309,59319,59330],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,59218,59219,59221,59223,59225,59227,59229,59231,59233,59235],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,59220,74],{"class":73},[67,59222,78],{"class":77},[67,59224,82],{"class":81},[67,59226,464],{"class":85},[67,59228,89],{"class":81},[67,59230,3182],{"class":85},[67,59232,89],{"class":81},[67,59234,2639],{"class":85},[67,59236,100],{"class":81},[67,59238,59239,59241,59243,59245,59247,59249,59251,59253,59255,59257,59259,59261,59263,59265,59267],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,59240,977],{"class":73},[67,59242,78],{"class":77},[67,59244,82],{"class":81},[67,59246,240],{"class":239},[67,59248,986],{"class":243},[67,59250,240],{"class":239},[67,59252,89],{"class":81},[67,59254,251],{"class":239},[67,59256,995],{"class":243},[67,59258,240],{"class":239},[67,59260,89],{"class":81},[67,59262,251],{"class":239},[67,59264,1004],{"class":243},[67,59266,240],{"class":239},[67,59268,100],{"class":81},[67,59270,59271,59273,59275],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,59272,56100],{"class":73},[67,59274,78],{"class":77},[67,59276,1136],{"class":81},[67,59278,59279,59281,59283,59285,59287,59289,59291,59293],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,59280,411],{"class":73},[67,59282,78],{"class":77},[67,59284,22749],{"class":362},[67,59286,138],{"class":81},[67,59288,240],{"class":239},[67,59290,41740],{"class":243},[67,59292,240],{"class":239},[67,59294,144],{"class":81},[67,59296,59297],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,59298,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,59300,59301,59303,59305,59307],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,59302,135],{"class":134},[67,59304,138],{"class":81},[67,59306,154],{"class":117},[67,59308,144],{"class":81},[67,59310,59311,59313,59315,59317],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,59312,135],{"class":134},[67,59314,138],{"class":81},[67,59316,1057],{"class":117},[67,59318,144],{"class":81},[67,59320,59321,59323,59325,59328],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,59322,135],{"class":134},[67,59324,138],{"class":81},[67,59326,59327],{"class":117},"empty_list",[67,59329,144],{"class":81},[67,59331,59332,59334,59336,59338],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,59333,135],{"class":134},[67,59335,138],{"class":81},[67,59337,490],{"class":117},[67,59339,144],{"class":81},[14,59341,59342],{},[3934,59343,159],{},[58,59345,59347],{"className":60,"code":59346,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[17,59348,59349,59365,59393,59397],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,59350,59351,59353,59355,59357,59359,59361,59363],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,59352,174],{"class":81},[67,59354,464],{"class":85},[67,59356,89],{"class":81},[67,59358,3182],{"class":85},[67,59360,89],{"class":81},[67,59362,2639],{"class":85},[67,59364,100],{"class":81},[67,59366,59367,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383,59385,59387,59389,59391],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,59368,174],{"class":81},[67,59370,333],{"class":239},[67,59372,986],{"class":243},[67,59374,333],{"class":239},[67,59376,89],{"class":81},[67,59378,342],{"class":239},[67,59380,995],{"class":243},[67,59382,333],{"class":239},[67,59384,89],{"class":81},[67,59386,342],{"class":239},[67,59388,1004],{"class":243},[67,59390,333],{"class":239},[67,59392,100],{"class":81},[67,59394,59395],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,59396,38477],{"class":81},[67,59398,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415,59417,59419,59421,59423],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,59400,174],{"class":81},[67,59402,333],{"class":239},[67,59404,45],{"class":243},[67,59406,333],{"class":239},[67,59408,89],{"class":81},[67,59410,342],{"class":239},[67,59412,428],{"class":243},[67,59414,333],{"class":239},[67,59416,89],{"class":81},[67,59418,342],{"class":239},[67,59420,437],{"class":243},[67,59422,333],{"class":239},[67,59424,100],{"class":81},[14,59426,59427,59428,59430,59431,59433,59434,114],{},"Use square brackets ",[17,59429,3978],{}," for most lists. Use ",[17,59432,24969],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[17,59435,36380],{},[53,59437,15350],{"id":15349},[25,59439,59440,59443,59446,59449,59454],{},[28,59441,59442],{},"What a list is in Python",[28,59444,59445],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[28,59447,59448],{},"How to create an empty list",[28,59450,59451,59452,2490],{},"How to create a list with the ",[17,59453,24969],{},[28,59455,59456],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[53,59458,59460],{"id":59459},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59462,59463],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59465,59466],{},"This means:",[25,59468,59469,59472,59475,59478],{},[28,59470,59471],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[28,59473,59474],{},"The order of items is kept",[28,59476,59477],{},"A list can hold different data types",[28,59479,59480,59481,59484],{},"A list is ",[3934,59482,59483],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59486,222],{},[58,59488,59490],{"className":60,"code":59489,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,59491,59492,59516,59520],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,59493,59494,59496,59498,59500,59502,59504,59506,59508,59510,59512,59514],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,59495,1131],{"class":73},[67,59497,78],{"class":77},[67,59499,82],{"class":81},[67,59501,240],{"class":239},[67,59503,689],{"class":243},[67,59505,240],{"class":239},[67,59507,89],{"class":81},[67,59509,6196],{"class":85},[67,59511,89],{"class":81},[67,59513,4106],{"class":4043},[67,59515,100],{"class":81},[67,59517,59518],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,59519,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,59521,59522,59524,59526,59528],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,59523,135],{"class":134},[67,59525,138],{"class":81},[67,59527,1141],{"class":117},[67,59529,144],{"class":81},[14,59531,59532],{},[3934,59533,159],{},[58,59535,59537],{"className":60,"code":59536,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[17,59538,59539],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,59540,59541,59543,59545,59547,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,59542,174],{"class":81},[67,59544,333],{"class":239},[67,59546,689],{"class":243},[67,59548,333],{"class":239},[67,59550,89],{"class":81},[67,59552,6196],{"class":85},[67,59554,89],{"class":81},[67,59556,4106],{"class":4043},[67,59558,100],{"class":81},[14,59560,59561,59562,3068,59565,114],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[45,59563,59564],{"href":530},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[45,59566,59567],{"href":58663},"What is a List in Python?",[53,59569,59571],{"id":59570},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59573,59427,59574,59576],{},[17,59575,3978],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59578,59579],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[58,59581,59583],{"className":60,"code":59582,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[17,59584,59585,59605,59637,59662,59666,59676,59686],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,59586,59587,59589,59591,59593,59595,59597,59599,59601,59603],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,59588,74],{"class":73},[67,59590,78],{"class":77},[67,59592,82],{"class":81},[67,59594,464],{"class":85},[67,59596,89],{"class":81},[67,59598,3182],{"class":85},[67,59600,89],{"class":81},[67,59602,2639],{"class":85},[67,59604,100],{"class":81},[67,59606,59607,59609,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623,59625,59627,59629,59631,59633,59635],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,59608,977],{"class":73},[67,59610,78],{"class":77},[67,59612,82],{"class":81},[67,59614,240],{"class":239},[67,59616,986],{"class":243},[67,59618,240],{"class":239},[67,59620,89],{"class":81},[67,59622,251],{"class":239},[67,59624,995],{"class":243},[67,59626,240],{"class":239},[67,59628,89],{"class":81},[67,59630,251],{"class":239},[67,59632,1004],{"class":243},[67,59634,240],{"class":239},[67,59636,100],{"class":81},[67,59638,59639,59642,59644,59646,59648,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,59640,59641],{"class":73},"mixed ",[67,59643,78],{"class":77},[67,59645,82],{"class":81},[67,59647,86],{"class":85},[67,59649,89],{"class":81},[67,59651,251],{"class":239},[67,59653,4036],{"class":243},[67,59655,240],{"class":239},[67,59657,89],{"class":81},[67,59659,4097],{"class":4043},[67,59661,100],{"class":81},[67,59663,59664],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,59665,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,59667,59668,59670,59672,59674],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,59669,135],{"class":134},[67,59671,138],{"class":81},[67,59673,154],{"class":117},[67,59675,144],{"class":81},[67,59677,59678,59680,59682,59684],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,59679,135],{"class":134},[67,59681,138],{"class":81},[67,59683,1057],{"class":117},[67,59685,144],{"class":81},[67,59687,59688,59690,59692,59695],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,59689,135],{"class":134},[67,59691,138],{"class":81},[67,59693,59694],{"class":117},"mixed",[67,59696,144],{"class":81},[14,59698,59699],{},[3934,59700,159],{},[58,59702,59704],{"className":60,"code":59703,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[17,59705,59706,59722,59750],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,59707,59708,59710,59712,59714,59716,59718,59720],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,59709,174],{"class":81},[67,59711,464],{"class":85},[67,59713,89],{"class":81},[67,59715,3182],{"class":85},[67,59717,89],{"class":81},[67,59719,2639],{"class":85},[67,59721,100],{"class":81},[67,59723,59724,59726,59728,59730,59732,59734,59736,59738,59740,59742,59744,59746,59748],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,59725,174],{"class":81},[67,59727,333],{"class":239},[67,59729,986],{"class":243},[67,59731,333],{"class":239},[67,59733,89],{"class":81},[67,59735,342],{"class":239},[67,59737,995],{"class":243},[67,59739,333],{"class":239},[67,59741,89],{"class":81},[67,59743,342],{"class":239},[67,59745,1004],{"class":243},[67,59747,333],{"class":239},[67,59749,100],{"class":81},[67,59751,59752,59754,59756,59758,59760,59762,59764,59766,59768],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,59753,174],{"class":81},[67,59755,86],{"class":85},[67,59757,89],{"class":81},[67,59759,342],{"class":239},[67,59761,4036],{"class":243},[67,59763,333],{"class":239},[67,59765,89],{"class":81},[67,59767,4097],{"class":4043},[67,59769,100],{"class":81},[1109,59771,59773],{"id":59772},"key-points","Key points",[25,59775,59776,59781,59783],{},[28,59777,185,59778,59780],{},[17,59779,3978],{}," to make a new list",[28,59782,15620],{},[28,59784,59785],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[53,59787,59789],{"id":59788},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59791,59792],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[58,59794,59796],{"className":60,"code":59795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[17,59797,59798,59806,59810,59820],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,59799,59800,59802,59804],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,59801,8496],{"class":73},[67,59803,78],{"class":77},[67,59805,1136],{"class":81},[67,59807,59808],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,59809,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,59811,59812,59814,59816,59818],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,59813,135],{"class":134},[67,59815,138],{"class":81},[67,59817,1953],{"class":117},[67,59819,144],{"class":81},[67,59821,59822,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,59823,135],{"class":134},[67,59825,138],{"class":81},[67,59827,1964],{"class":134},[67,59829,138],{"class":81},[67,59831,1953],{"class":117},[67,59833,1426],{"class":81},[14,59835,59836],{},[3934,59837,159],{},[58,59839,59841],{"className":60,"code":59840,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[]\n0\n",[17,59842,59843,59847],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,59844,59845],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,59846,38477],{"class":81},[67,59848,59849],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,59850,47430],{"class":85},[14,59852,59853],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[58,59855,59857],{"className":60,"code":59856,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[17,59858,59859,59867,59871,59889,59907,59925,59929],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,59860,59861,59863,59865],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,59862,977],{"class":73},[67,59864,78],{"class":77},[67,59866,1136],{"class":81},[67,59868,59869],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,59870,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,59872,59873,59875,59877,59879,59881,59883,59885,59887],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,59874,1057],{"class":73},[67,59876,114],{"class":81},[67,59878,13739],{"class":117},[67,59880,138],{"class":81},[67,59882,240],{"class":239},[67,59884,986],{"class":243},[67,59886,240],{"class":239},[67,59888,144],{"class":81},[67,59890,59891,59893,59895,59897,59899,59901,59903,59905],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,59892,1057],{"class":73},[67,59894,114],{"class":81},[67,59896,13739],{"class":117},[67,59898,138],{"class":81},[67,59900,240],{"class":239},[67,59902,995],{"class":243},[67,59904,240],{"class":239},[67,59906,144],{"class":81},[67,59908,59909,59911,59913,59915,59917,59919,59921,59923],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,59910,1057],{"class":73},[67,59912,114],{"class":81},[67,59914,13739],{"class":117},[67,59916,138],{"class":81},[67,59918,240],{"class":239},[67,59920,1004],{"class":243},[67,59922,240],{"class":239},[67,59924,144],{"class":81},[67,59926,59927],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,59928,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,59930,59931,59933,59935,59937],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,59932,135],{"class":134},[67,59934,138],{"class":81},[67,59936,1057],{"class":117},[67,59938,144],{"class":81},[14,59940,59941],{},[3934,59942,159],{},[58,59944,59946],{"className":60,"code":59945,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[17,59947,59948],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,59949,59950,59952,59954,59956,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970,59972,59974],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,59951,174],{"class":81},[67,59953,333],{"class":239},[67,59955,986],{"class":243},[67,59957,333],{"class":239},[67,59959,89],{"class":81},[67,59961,342],{"class":239},[67,59963,995],{"class":243},[67,59965,333],{"class":239},[67,59967,89],{"class":81},[67,59969,342],{"class":239},[67,59971,1004],{"class":243},[67,59973,333],{"class":239},[67,59975,100],{"class":81},[14,59977,59978,59979,114],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[45,59980,59981,946],{"href":56937},[17,59982,52830],{},[53,59984,59986,59987],{"id":59985},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[17,59988,24969],{},[14,59990,185,59991,59993],{},[17,59992,24969],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59995,5648],{},[25,59997,59998,60000,60002,60004],{},[28,59999,5499],{},[28,60001,5493],{},[28,60003,5496],{},[28,60005,60006],{},[17,60007,36380],{},[1109,60009,60011],{"id":60010},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[58,60013,60015],{"className":60,"code":60014,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,60016,60017,60035],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60018,60019,60021,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60020,411],{"class":73},[67,60022,78],{"class":77},[67,60024,22749],{"class":362},[67,60026,138],{"class":81},[67,60028,240],{"class":239},[67,60030,41740],{"class":243},[67,60032,240],{"class":239},[67,60034,144],{"class":81},[67,60036,60037,60039,60041,60043],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,60038,135],{"class":134},[67,60040,138],{"class":81},[67,60042,490],{"class":117},[67,60044,144],{"class":81},[14,60046,60047],{},[3934,60048,159],{},[58,60050,60051],{"className":60,"code":43055,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,60052,60053],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60054,60055,60057,60059,60061,60063,60065,60067,60069,60071,60073,60075,60077,60079],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60056,174],{"class":81},[67,60058,333],{"class":239},[67,60060,45],{"class":243},[67,60062,333],{"class":239},[67,60064,89],{"class":81},[67,60066,342],{"class":239},[67,60068,428],{"class":243},[67,60070,333],{"class":239},[67,60072,89],{"class":81},[67,60074,342],{"class":239},[67,60076,437],{"class":243},[67,60078,333],{"class":239},[67,60080,100],{"class":81},[1109,60082,60084],{"id":60083},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[58,60086,60088],{"className":60,"code":60087,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,60089,60090,60112],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60091,60092,60094,60096,60098,60100,60102,60104,60106,60108,60110],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60093,74],{"class":73},[67,60095,78],{"class":77},[67,60097,22749],{"class":362},[67,60099,5702],{"class":81},[67,60101,464],{"class":85},[67,60103,89],{"class":81},[67,60105,3182],{"class":85},[67,60107,89],{"class":81},[67,60109,2639],{"class":85},[67,60111,1426],{"class":81},[67,60113,60114,60116,60118,60120],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,60115,135],{"class":134},[67,60117,138],{"class":81},[67,60119,154],{"class":117},[67,60121,144],{"class":81},[14,60123,60124],{},[3934,60125,159],{},[58,60127,60128],{"className":60,"code":55321,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,60129,60130],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60131,60132,60134,60136,60138,60140,60142,60144],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60133,174],{"class":81},[67,60135,464],{"class":85},[67,60137,89],{"class":81},[67,60139,3182],{"class":85},[67,60141,89],{"class":81},[67,60143,2639],{"class":85},[67,60145,100],{"class":81},[1109,60147,60149],{"id":60148},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[58,60151,60153],{"className":60,"code":60152,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[17,60154,60155,60174],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60156,60157,60159,60161,60163,60165,60168,60170,60172],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60158,4014],{"class":73},[67,60160,78],{"class":77},[67,60162,22749],{"class":362},[67,60164,138],{"class":81},[67,60166,60167],{"class":134},"range",[67,60169,138],{"class":81},[67,60171,1308],{"class":85},[67,60173,1426],{"class":81},[67,60175,60176,60178,60180,60182],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,60177,135],{"class":134},[67,60179,138],{"class":81},[67,60181,5549],{"class":117},[67,60183,144],{"class":81},[14,60185,60186],{},[3934,60187,159],{},[58,60189,60191],{"className":60,"code":60190,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,60192,60193],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60194,60195,60197,60199,60201,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211,60213,60215],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60196,174],{"class":81},[67,60198,1031],{"class":85},[67,60200,89],{"class":81},[67,60202,5689],{"class":85},[67,60204,89],{"class":81},[67,60206,3182],{"class":85},[67,60208,89],{"class":81},[67,60210,2639],{"class":85},[67,60212,89],{"class":81},[67,60214,2645],{"class":85},[67,60216,100],{"class":81},[14,60218,60219,60221,60222,114],{},[17,60220,24969],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[45,60223,60225,60227],{"href":60224},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[17,60226,24969],{},": Function Explained",[53,60229,60231],{"id":60230},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,60233,60234],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,60236,60237],{},"Examples include:",[25,60239,60240,60242,60244,60246,60248],{},[28,60241,5499],{},[28,60243,40603],{},[28,60245,52223],{},[28,60247,40773],{},[28,60249,60250],{},"other lists",[58,60252,60254],{"className":60,"code":60253,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,60255,60256,60294,60298],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60257,60258,60260,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270,60272,60274,60276,60278,60280,60282,60284,60286,60288,60290,60292],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60259,9352],{"class":73},[67,60261,78],{"class":77},[67,60263,82],{"class":81},[67,60265,240],{"class":239},[67,60267,986],{"class":243},[67,60269,240],{"class":239},[67,60271,89],{"class":81},[67,60273,9493],{"class":85},[67,60275,89],{"class":81},[67,60277,4106],{"class":4043},[67,60279,89],{"class":81},[67,60281,82],{"class":81},[67,60283,464],{"class":85},[67,60285,89],{"class":81},[67,60287,3182],{"class":85},[67,60289,89],{"class":81},[67,60291,2639],{"class":85},[67,60293,53417],{"class":81},[67,60295,60296],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,60297,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,60299,60300,60302,60304,60306],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,60301,135],{"class":134},[67,60303,138],{"class":81},[67,60305,9391],{"class":117},[67,60307,144],{"class":81},[14,60309,60310],{},[3934,60311,159],{},[58,60313,60315],{"className":60,"code":60314,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[17,60316,60317],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60318,60319,60321,60323,60325,60327,60329,60331,60333,60335,60337,60339,60341,60343,60345,60347,60349],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60320,174],{"class":81},[67,60322,333],{"class":239},[67,60324,986],{"class":243},[67,60326,333],{"class":239},[67,60328,89],{"class":81},[67,60330,9493],{"class":85},[67,60332,89],{"class":81},[67,60334,4106],{"class":4043},[67,60336,89],{"class":81},[67,60338,82],{"class":81},[67,60340,464],{"class":85},[67,60342,89],{"class":81},[67,60344,3182],{"class":85},[67,60346,89],{"class":81},[67,60348,2639],{"class":85},[67,60350,53417],{"class":81},[14,60352,60353,60354,114],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[3934,60355,60356],{},"nested list",[14,60358,60359],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[53,60361,4707],{"id":4706},[14,60363,60364],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1109,60366,60368],{"id":60367},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,60370,60371],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[58,60373,60375],{"className":60,"code":60374,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[17,60376,60377,60381],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60378,60379],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60380,4724],{"class":3852},[67,60382,60383,60385,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,60384,74],{"class":73},[67,60386,78],{"class":77},[67,60388,82],{"class":81},[67,60390,464],{"class":85},[67,60392,3182],{"class":85},[67,60394,2639],{"class":85},[67,60396,100],{"class":81},[14,60398,10994],{},[58,60400,60402],{"className":60,"code":60401,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,60403,60404],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60405,60406,60408,60410,60412,60414,60416,60418,60420,60422],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60407,74],{"class":73},[67,60409,78],{"class":77},[67,60411,82],{"class":81},[67,60413,464],{"class":85},[67,60415,89],{"class":81},[67,60417,3182],{"class":85},[67,60419,89],{"class":81},[67,60421,2639],{"class":85},[67,60423,100],{"class":81},[1109,60425,8604,60427,11279,60429],{"id":60426},"using-instead-of",[17,60428,7557],{},[17,60430,3978],{},[14,60432,60433],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[58,60435,60437],{"className":60,"code":60436,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[17,60438,60439,60460,60464],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60440,60441,60444,60446,60448,60450,60452,60454,60456,60458],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60442,60443],{"class":73},"my_values ",[67,60445,78],{"class":77},[67,60447,9423],{"class":81},[67,60449,464],{"class":85},[67,60451,89],{"class":81},[67,60453,3182],{"class":85},[67,60455,89],{"class":81},[67,60457,2639],{"class":85},[67,60459,144],{"class":81},[67,60461,60462],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,60463,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,60465,60466,60468,60470,60472,60474,60477],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,60467,135],{"class":134},[67,60469,138],{"class":81},[67,60471,2011],{"class":362},[67,60473,138],{"class":81},[67,60475,60476],{"class":117},"my_values",[67,60478,1426],{"class":81},[14,60480,60481],{},[3934,60482,159],{},[58,60484,60486],{"className":60,"code":60485,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,60487,60488],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60489,60490,60492,60494,60496,60498,60500],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60491,1397],{"class":77},[67,60493,3482],{"class":2254},[67,60495,342],{"class":239},[67,60497,49132],{"class":243},[67,60499,333],{"class":239},[67,60501,3491],{"class":77},[14,60503,60504],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[58,60506,60508],{"className":60,"code":60507,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[17,60509,60510,60530],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60511,60512,60514,60516,60518,60520,60522,60524,60526,60528],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60513,60443],{"class":73},[67,60515,78],{"class":77},[67,60517,82],{"class":81},[67,60519,464],{"class":85},[67,60521,89],{"class":81},[67,60523,3182],{"class":85},[67,60525,89],{"class":81},[67,60527,2639],{"class":85},[67,60529,100],{"class":81},[67,60531,60532,60534,60536,60538,60540,60542],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,60533,135],{"class":134},[67,60535,138],{"class":81},[67,60537,2011],{"class":362},[67,60539,138],{"class":81},[67,60541,60476],{"class":117},[67,60543,1426],{"class":81},[1109,60545,1930,60547,60550],{"id":60546},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[17,60548,60549],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60552,60553,60555],{},[17,60554,24969],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[58,60557,60559],{"className":60,"code":60558,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,60560,60561,60580],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60562,60563,60565,60567,60569,60571,60573,60576,60578],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60564,2416],{"class":73},[67,60566,78],{"class":77},[67,60568,22749],{"class":362},[67,60570,138],{"class":81},[67,60572,240],{"class":239},[67,60574,60575],{"class":243},"hello world",[67,60577,240],{"class":239},[67,60579,144],{"class":81},[67,60581,60582,60584,60586,60588],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,60583,135],{"class":134},[67,60585,138],{"class":81},[67,60587,2451],{"class":117},[67,60589,144],{"class":81},[14,60591,60592],{},[3934,60593,159],{},[58,60595,60597],{"className":60,"code":60596,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[17,60598,60599],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60600,60601,60603,60605,60608,60610,60612,60614,60617,60619,60621,60623,60626,60628,60630,60632,60634,60636,60638,60640,60643,60645,60647,60649,60651,60653,60655,60658,60660,60662,60664,60666,60668,60670,60672,60675,60677,60679,60681,60683,60685,60687,60689,60691,60693],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60602,174],{"class":81},[67,60604,333],{"class":239},[67,60606,60607],{"class":243},"h",[67,60609,333],{"class":239},[67,60611,89],{"class":81},[67,60613,342],{"class":239},[67,60615,60616],{"class":243},"e",[67,60618,333],{"class":239},[67,60620,89],{"class":81},[67,60622,342],{"class":239},[67,60624,60625],{"class":243},"l",[67,60627,333],{"class":239},[67,60629,89],{"class":81},[67,60631,342],{"class":239},[67,60633,60625],{"class":243},[67,60635,333],{"class":239},[67,60637,89],{"class":81},[67,60639,342],{"class":239},[67,60641,60642],{"class":243},"o",[67,60644,333],{"class":239},[67,60646,89],{"class":81},[67,60648,342],{"class":239},[67,60650,342],{"class":239},[67,60652,89],{"class":81},[67,60654,342],{"class":239},[67,60656,60657],{"class":243},"w",[67,60659,333],{"class":239},[67,60661,89],{"class":81},[67,60663,342],{"class":239},[67,60665,60642],{"class":243},[67,60667,333],{"class":239},[67,60669,89],{"class":81},[67,60671,342],{"class":239},[67,60673,60674],{"class":243},"r",[67,60676,333],{"class":239},[67,60678,89],{"class":81},[67,60680,342],{"class":239},[67,60682,60625],{"class":243},[67,60684,333],{"class":239},[67,60686,89],{"class":81},[67,60688,342],{"class":239},[67,60690,18955],{"class":243},[67,60692,333],{"class":239},[67,60694,100],{"class":81},[14,60696,60697,60698,60701],{},"If you want words, use ",[17,60699,60700],{},"split()"," instead:",[58,60703,60705],{"className":60,"code":60704,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[17,60706,60707,60725],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60708,60709,60711,60713,60715,60717,60719,60721,60723],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60710,4261],{"class":73},[67,60712,78],{"class":77},[67,60714,251],{"class":239},[67,60716,60575],{"class":243},[67,60718,240],{"class":239},[67,60720,114],{"class":81},[67,60722,34654],{"class":117},[67,60724,121],{"class":81},[67,60726,60727,60729,60731,60733],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,60728,135],{"class":134},[67,60730,138],{"class":81},[67,60732,4302],{"class":117},[67,60734,144],{"class":81},[14,60736,60737],{},[3934,60738,159],{},[58,60740,60742],{"className":60,"code":60741,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['hello', 'world']\n",[17,60743,60744],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60745,60746,60748,60750,60752,60754,60756,60758,60761,60763],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60747,174],{"class":81},[67,60749,333],{"class":239},[67,60751,4036],{"class":243},[67,60753,333],{"class":239},[67,60755,89],{"class":81},[67,60757,342],{"class":239},[67,60759,60760],{"class":243},"world",[67,60762,333],{"class":239},[67,60764,100],{"class":81},[1109,60766,60768],{"id":60767},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60770,60771],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[58,60773,60775],{"className":60,"code":60774,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[17,60776,60777,60781],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60778,60779],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60780,4724],{"class":3852},[67,60782,60783,60785,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795,60797,60799,60802,60804,60806,60808],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,60784,977],{"class":73},[67,60786,78],{"class":77},[67,60788,82],{"class":81},[67,60790,240],{"class":239},[67,60792,986],{"class":243},[67,60794,240],{"class":239},[67,60796,89],{"class":81},[67,60798,251],{"class":239},[67,60800,60801],{"class":243},"Ben', ",[67,60803,240],{"class":239},[67,60805,1004],{"class":73},[67,60807,240],{"class":239},[67,60809,100],{"class":243},[14,60811,60812],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[58,60814,60816],{"className":60,"code":60815,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[17,60817,60818],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60819,60820,60822,60824,60826,60828,60830,60832,60834,60836,60838,60840,60842,60844,60846,60848],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60821,977],{"class":73},[67,60823,78],{"class":77},[67,60825,82],{"class":81},[67,60827,240],{"class":239},[67,60829,986],{"class":243},[67,60831,240],{"class":239},[67,60833,89],{"class":81},[67,60835,251],{"class":239},[67,60837,995],{"class":243},[67,60839,240],{"class":239},[67,60841,89],{"class":81},[67,60843,251],{"class":239},[67,60845,1004],{"class":243},[67,60847,240],{"class":239},[67,60849,100],{"class":81},[1109,60851,60853],{"id":60852},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60855,60856],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[25,60858,60859,60862,60865,60870],{},[28,60860,60861],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[28,60863,60864],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[28,60866,60867,60868],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[17,60869,24969],{},[28,60871,1930,60872,60875],{},[17,60873,60874],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1109,60877,60879],{"id":60878},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[58,60881,60883],{"className":60,"code":60882,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[17,60884,60885,60895,60909,60923],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,60886,60887,60889,60891,60893],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,60888,135],{"class":134},[67,60890,138],{"class":81},[67,60892,1953],{"class":117},[67,60894,144],{"class":81},[67,60896,60897,60899,60901,60903,60905,60907],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,60898,135],{"class":134},[67,60900,138],{"class":81},[67,60902,2011],{"class":362},[67,60904,138],{"class":81},[67,60906,1953],{"class":117},[67,60908,1426],{"class":81},[67,60910,60911,60913,60915,60917,60919,60921],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,60912,135],{"class":134},[67,60914,138],{"class":81},[67,60916,1964],{"class":134},[67,60918,138],{"class":81},[67,60920,1953],{"class":117},[67,60922,1426],{"class":81},[67,60924,60925,60927,60929,60931,60933,60935,60937,60939],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,60926,135],{"class":134},[67,60928,138],{"class":81},[67,60930,363],{"class":362},[67,60932,138],{"class":81},[67,60934,60167],{"class":134},[67,60936,138],{"class":81},[67,60938,1308],{"class":85},[67,60940,3102],{"class":81},[14,60942,26197],{},[25,60944,60945,60948,60951,60954],{},[28,60946,60947],{},"what the list contains",[28,60949,60950],{},"whether the value is really a list",[28,60952,60953],{},"how many items it has",[28,60955,26208,60956,60958,60959],{},[17,60957,24969],{}," does with ",[17,60960,36380],{},[53,60962,60964],{"id":60963},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60966,60967],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60969,60970],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[25,60972,60973,60988,60993],{},[28,60974,185,60975,1550,60979,17260,60983,60987],{},[45,60976,60977],{"href":56937},[17,60978,52830],{},[45,60980,60981],{"href":53519},[17,60982,53621],{},[45,60984,60985],{"href":54083},[17,60986,54443],{}," to add items later",[28,60989,185,60990,60992],{},[45,60991,59564],{"href":530}," for a broader introduction",[28,60994,185,60995,60999],{},[45,60996,60997,60227],{"href":60224},[17,60998,24969],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[53,61001,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,61003,61005],{"id":61004},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,61007,61008],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[58,61010,61011],{"className":60,"code":38477,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,61012,61013],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,61014,61015],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,61016,38477],{"class":81},[1109,61018,61020],{"id":61019},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,61022,61023],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[58,61025,61026],{"className":60,"code":55321,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,61027,61028],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,61029,61030,61032,61034,61036,61038,61040,61042],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,61031,174],{"class":81},[67,61033,464],{"class":85},[67,61035,89],{"class":81},[67,61037,3182],{"class":85},[67,61039,89],{"class":81},[67,61041,2639],{"class":85},[67,61043,100],{"class":81},[1109,61045,5331,61047,61049],{"id":61046},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[17,61048,24969],{}," do in Python?",[14,61051,61052,61053,61055],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[17,61054,36380],{},", into a list.",[1109,61057,61059],{"id":61058},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,61061,61062],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1109,61064,5369,61066,961,61068,2681],{"id":61065},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[17,61067,3978],{},[17,61069,7557],{},[14,61071,61072,61074,61075,61077],{},[17,61073,3978],{}," creates a list. ",[17,61076,7557],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[53,61079,2094],{"id":2093},[25,61081,61082,61086,61092,61098,61104,61110,61114],{},[28,61083,61084],{},[45,61085,59564],{"href":530},[28,61087,61088],{},[45,61089,55690,61090,11509],{"href":56937},[17,61091,52830],{},[28,61093,61094],{},[45,61095,55690,61096,11509],{"href":53519},[17,61097,53621],{},[28,61099,61100],{},[45,61101,55690,61102,11509],{"href":54083},[17,61103,54443],{},[28,61105,61106],{},[45,61107,3764,61108,3768],{"href":60224},[17,61109,24969],{},[28,61111,61112],{},[45,61113,59567],{"href":58663},[28,61115,61116],{},[45,61117,61118],{"href":12254},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,61120,61121,61122,61124],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[17,61123,52830],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2122,61126,61127],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":61129},[61130,61131,61132,61133,61136,61137,61143,61144,61154,61155,61164],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":15349,"depth":103,"text":15350},{"id":59459,"depth":103,"text":59460},{"id":59570,"depth":103,"text":59571,"children":61134},[61135],{"id":59772,"depth":124,"text":59773},{"id":59788,"depth":103,"text":59789},{"id":59985,"depth":103,"text":61138,"children":61139},"Create a list with list()",[61140,61141,61142],{"id":60010,"depth":124,"text":60011},{"id":60083,"depth":124,"text":60084},{"id":60148,"depth":124,"text":60149},{"id":60230,"depth":103,"text":60231},{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":61145},[61146,61147,61149,61151,61152,61153],{"id":60367,"depth":124,"text":60368},{"id":60426,"depth":124,"text":61148},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60546,"depth":124,"text":61150},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60767,"depth":124,"text":60768},{"id":60852,"depth":124,"text":60853},{"id":60878,"depth":124,"text":60879},{"id":60963,"depth":103,"text":60964},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":61156},[61157,61158,61159,61161,61162],{"id":61004,"depth":124,"text":61005},{"id":61019,"depth":124,"text":61020},{"id":61046,"depth":124,"text":61160},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61058,"depth":124,"text":61059},{"id":61065,"depth":124,"text":61163},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59201,"description":61165},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61172,"title":61173,"body":61174,"description":62914,"extension":2153,"meta":62915,"navigation":127,"path":62916,"seo":62917,"stem":62918,"__hash__":62919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61175,"toc":62869},[61176,61181,61186,61189,61191,61262,61267,61272,61276,61290,61295,61297,61317,61322,61325,61348,61352,61357,61449,61451,61473,61479,61485,61492,61499,61505,61562,61568,61626,61628,61640,61648,61654,61659,61663,61720,61723,61727,61786,61789,61793,61851,61863,61867,61920,61923,61927,61933,61939,62001,62004,62065,62068,62124,62129,62131,62135,62141,62202,62207,62216,62272,62279,62283,62341,62350,62408,62412,62447,62451,62461,62464,62519,62533,62536,62651,62656,62660,62671,62673,62752,62762,62764,62769,62774,62781,62789,62795,62798,62804,62807,62813,62819,62821,62857,62866],[10,61177,54517,61179,11509],{"id":61178},"python-list-extend-method",[17,61180,53621],{},[14,61182,61183,61185],{},[17,61184,53522],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,61187,61188],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[53,61190,56],{"id":55},[58,61192,61194],{"className":60,"code":61193,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,61195,61196,61212,61229,61233,61248,61258],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,61197,61198,61200,61202,61204,61206,61208,61210],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,61199,74],{"class":73},[67,61201,78],{"class":77},[67,61203,82],{"class":81},[67,61205,464],{"class":85},[67,61207,89],{"class":81},[67,61209,3182],{"class":85},[67,61211,100],{"class":81},[67,61213,61214,61217,61219,61221,61223,61225,61227],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,61215,61216],{"class":73},"more_numbers ",[67,61218,78],{"class":77},[67,61220,82],{"class":81},[67,61222,2251],{"class":85},[67,61224,89],{"class":81},[67,61226,2645],{"class":85},[67,61228,100],{"class":81},[67,61230,61231],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,61232,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,61234,61235,61237,61239,61241,61243,61246],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,61236,154],{"class":73},[67,61238,114],{"class":81},[67,61240,53651],{"class":117},[67,61242,138],{"class":81},[67,61244,61245],{"class":117},"more_numbers",[67,61247,144],{"class":81},[67,61249,61250,61252,61254,61256],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,61251,135],{"class":134},[67,61253,138],{"class":81},[67,61255,154],{"class":117},[67,61257,144],{"class":81},[67,61259,61260],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,61261,52901],{"class":3852},[14,61263,185,61264,61266],{},[17,61265,53621],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[53,61268,3867,61270,3870],{"id":61269},"what-listextend-does",[17,61271,53522],{},[14,61273,61274,1161],{},[17,61275,53621],{},[25,61277,61278,61281,61283,61286],{},[28,61279,61280],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[28,61282,54603],{},[28,61284,61285],{},"Does not create a new list",[28,61287,11611,61288],{},[17,61289,1103],{},[14,61291,61292,61293,53976],{},"This is an important point: ",[17,61294,53621],{},[53,61296,352],{"id":351},[58,61298,61300],{"className":60,"code":61299,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[17,61301,61302],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,61303,61304,61307,61309,61311,61313,61315],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,61305,61306],{"class":73},"list_name",[67,61308,114],{"class":81},[67,61310,53651],{"class":117},[67,61312,138],{"class":81},[67,61314,3911],{"class":117},[67,61316,144],{"class":81},[14,61318,5643,61319,61321],{},[3934,61320,3911],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,61323,61324],{},"Common iterables include:",[25,61326,61327,61331,61335,61339,61344],{},[28,61328,61329],{},[17,61330,363],{},[28,61332,61333],{},[17,61334,49132],{},[28,61336,61337],{},[17,61338,6479],{},[28,61340,61341],{},[17,61342,61343],{},"string",[28,61345,61346],{},[17,61347,60167],{},[53,61349,61351],{"id":61350},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,61353,61354,61355,1161],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[17,61356,53621],{},[58,61358,61360],{"className":60,"code":61359,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[17,61361,61362,61386,61411,61415,61430,61434,61444],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,61363,61364,61366,61368,61370,61372,61374,61376,61378,61380,61382,61384],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,61365,680],{"class":73},[67,61367,78],{"class":77},[67,61369,82],{"class":81},[67,61371,240],{"class":239},[67,61373,689],{"class":243},[67,61375,240],{"class":239},[67,61377,89],{"class":81},[67,61379,251],{"class":239},[67,61381,698],{"class":243},[67,61383,240],{"class":239},[67,61385,100],{"class":81},[67,61387,61388,61391,61393,61395,61397,61399,61401,61403,61405,61407,61409],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,61389,61390],{"class":73},"more_fruits ",[67,61392,78],{"class":77},[67,61394,82],{"class":81},[67,61396,240],{"class":239},[67,61398,716],{"class":243},[67,61400,240],{"class":239},[67,61402,89],{"class":81},[67,61404,251],{"class":239},[67,61406,22722],{"class":243},[67,61408,240],{"class":239},[67,61410,100],{"class":81},[67,61412,61413],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,61414,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,61416,61417,61419,61421,61423,61425,61428],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,61418,766],{"class":73},[67,61420,114],{"class":81},[67,61422,53651],{"class":117},[67,61424,138],{"class":81},[67,61426,61427],{"class":117},"more_fruits",[67,61429,144],{"class":81},[67,61431,61432],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,61433,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,61435,61436,61438,61440,61442],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,61437,135],{"class":134},[67,61439,138],{"class":81},[67,61441,766],{"class":117},[67,61443,144],{"class":81},[67,61445,61446],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,61447,61448],{"class":3852},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61450,11872],{},[25,61452,61453,61458,61463],{},[28,61454,61455,61457],{},[17,61456,766],{}," starts with two items",[28,61459,61460,61462],{},[17,61461,61427],{}," has two more items",[28,61464,61465,61467,61468,61470,61471],{},[17,61466,53621],{}," adds each item from ",[17,61469,61427],{}," to ",[17,61472,766],{},[14,61474,61475,61476,61478],{},"After the method runs, ",[17,61477,766],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61480,54742,61481,961,61483,114],{},[45,61482,531],{"href":530},[45,61484,57323],{"href":57322},[53,61486,61488,10773,61490],{"id":61487},"extend-vs-append",[17,61489,53621],{},[17,61491,52830],{},[14,61493,61494,961,61496,61498],{},[17,61495,53621],{},[17,61497,52830],{}," are often confused.",[1109,61500,61502,61504],{"id":61501},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[17,61503,53621],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[58,61506,61508],{"className":60,"code":61507,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,61509,61510,61526,61544,61548,61558],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,61511,61512,61514,61516,61518,61520,61522,61524],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,61513,74],{"class":73},[67,61515,78],{"class":77},[67,61517,82],{"class":81},[67,61519,464],{"class":85},[67,61521,89],{"class":81},[67,61523,3182],{"class":85},[67,61525,100],{"class":81},[67,61527,61528,61530,61532,61534,61536,61538,61540,61542],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,61529,154],{"class":73},[67,61531,114],{"class":81},[67,61533,53651],{"class":117},[67,61535,370],{"class":81},[67,61537,2251],{"class":85},[67,61539,89],{"class":81},[67,61541,2645],{"class":85},[67,61543,376],{"class":81},[67,61545,61546],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,61547,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,61549,61550,61552,61554,61556],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,61551,135],{"class":134},[67,61553,138],{"class":81},[67,61555,154],{"class":117},[67,61557,144],{"class":81},[67,61559,61560],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,61561,52901],{"class":3852},[1109,61563,61565,61567],{"id":61564},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[17,61566,52830],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[58,61569,61571],{"className":60,"code":61570,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[17,61572,61573,61589,61607,61611,61621],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,61574,61575,61577,61579,61581,61583,61585,61587],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,61576,74],{"class":73},[67,61578,78],{"class":77},[67,61580,82],{"class":81},[67,61582,464],{"class":85},[67,61584,89],{"class":81},[67,61586,3182],{"class":85},[67,61588,100],{"class":81},[67,61590,61591,61593,61595,61597,61599,61601,61603,61605],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,61592,154],{"class":73},[67,61594,114],{"class":81},[67,61596,13739],{"class":117},[67,61598,370],{"class":81},[67,61600,2251],{"class":85},[67,61602,89],{"class":81},[67,61604,2645],{"class":85},[67,61606,376],{"class":81},[67,61608,61609],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,61610,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,61612,61613,61615,61617,61619],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,61614,135],{"class":134},[67,61616,138],{"class":81},[67,61618,154],{"class":117},[67,61620,144],{"class":81},[67,61622,61623],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,61624,61625],{"class":3852},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61627,18882],{},[25,61629,61630,61635],{},[28,61631,61632,61634],{},[17,61633,53621],{}," to combine values",[28,61636,61637,61639],{},[17,61638,52830],{}," to add one item",[14,61641,42273,61642,961,61646,114],{},[45,61643,55690,61644,946],{"href":56937},[17,61645,52830],{},[45,61647,53224],{"href":53223},[53,61649,8604,61651,61653],{"id":61650},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[17,61652,53621],{}," with different iterables",[14,61655,61656,61658],{},[17,61657,53621],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1109,61660,61662],{"id":61661},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[58,61664,61666],{"className":60,"code":61665,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,61667,61668,61684,61702,61706,61716],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,61669,61670,61672,61674,61676,61678,61680,61682],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,61671,4014],{"class":73},[67,61673,78],{"class":77},[67,61675,82],{"class":81},[67,61677,464],{"class":85},[67,61679,89],{"class":81},[67,61681,3182],{"class":85},[67,61683,100],{"class":81},[67,61685,61686,61688,61690,61692,61694,61696,61698,61700],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,61687,5549],{"class":73},[67,61689,114],{"class":81},[67,61691,53651],{"class":117},[67,61693,5702],{"class":81},[67,61695,2251],{"class":85},[67,61697,89],{"class":81},[67,61699,2645],{"class":85},[67,61701,1426],{"class":81},[67,61703,61704],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,61705,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,61707,61708,61710,61712,61714],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,61709,135],{"class":134},[67,61711,138],{"class":81},[67,61713,5549],{"class":117},[67,61715,144],{"class":81},[67,61717,61718],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,61719,52901],{"class":3852},[14,61721,61722],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1109,61724,61726],{"id":61725},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[58,61728,61730],{"className":60,"code":61729,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[17,61731,61732,61748,61767,61771,61781],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,61733,61734,61736,61738,61740,61742,61744,61746],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,61735,411],{"class":73},[67,61737,78],{"class":77},[67,61739,82],{"class":81},[67,61741,240],{"class":239},[67,61743,45],{"class":243},[67,61745,240],{"class":239},[67,61747,100],{"class":81},[67,61749,61750,61752,61754,61756,61758,61760,61763,61765],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,61751,490],{"class":73},[67,61753,114],{"class":81},[67,61755,53651],{"class":117},[67,61757,138],{"class":81},[67,61759,240],{"class":239},[67,61761,61762],{"class":243},"bc",[67,61764,240],{"class":239},[67,61766,144],{"class":81},[67,61768,61769],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,61770,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,61772,61773,61775,61777,61779],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,61774,135],{"class":134},[67,61776,138],{"class":81},[67,61778,490],{"class":117},[67,61780,144],{"class":81},[67,61782,61783],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,61784,61785],{"class":3852},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61787,61788],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1109,61790,61792],{"id":61791},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[58,61794,61796],{"className":60,"code":61795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[17,61797,61798,61810,61832,61836,61846],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,61799,61800,61802,61804,61806,61808],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,61801,74],{"class":73},[67,61803,78],{"class":77},[67,61805,82],{"class":81},[67,61807,1031],{"class":85},[67,61809,100],{"class":81},[67,61811,61812,61814,61816,61818,61820,61822,61824,61826,61828,61830],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,61813,154],{"class":73},[67,61815,114],{"class":81},[67,61817,53651],{"class":117},[67,61819,138],{"class":81},[67,61821,60167],{"class":134},[67,61823,138],{"class":81},[67,61825,464],{"class":85},[67,61827,89],{"class":81},[67,61829,2645],{"class":85},[67,61831,1426],{"class":81},[67,61833,61834],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,61835,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,61837,61838,61840,61842,61844],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,61839,135],{"class":134},[67,61841,138],{"class":81},[67,61843,154],{"class":117},[67,61845,144],{"class":81},[67,61847,61848],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,61849,61850],{"class":3852},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61852,61853,61856,61857,1550,61859,17260,61861,114],{},[17,61854,61855],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[17,61858,464],{},[17,61860,2245],{},[17,61862,2251],{},[1109,61864,61866],{"id":61865},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[58,61868,61870],{"className":60,"code":61869,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,61871,61872,61888,61906,61910],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,61873,61874,61876,61878,61880,61882,61884,61886],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,61875,1131],{"class":73},[67,61877,78],{"class":77},[67,61879,82],{"class":81},[67,61881,464],{"class":85},[67,61883,89],{"class":81},[67,61885,3182],{"class":85},[67,61887,100],{"class":81},[67,61889,61890,61892,61894,61896,61898,61900,61902,61904],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,61891,1141],{"class":73},[67,61893,114],{"class":81},[67,61895,53651],{"class":117},[67,61897,5721],{"class":81},[67,61899,2251],{"class":85},[67,61901,89],{"class":81},[67,61903,2645],{"class":85},[67,61905,30680],{"class":81},[67,61907,61908],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,61909,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,61911,61912,61914,61916,61918],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,61913,135],{"class":134},[67,61915,138],{"class":81},[67,61917,1141],{"class":117},[67,61919,144],{"class":81},[14,61921,61922],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[53,61924,61926],{"id":61925},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61928,61929,2584,61931,114],{},[17,61930,53621],{},[17,61932,1103],{},[14,61934,61935,61936,1161],{},"That means this is ",[3934,61937,61938],{},"wrong",[58,61940,61942],{"className":60,"code":61941,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[17,61943,61944,61960,61982,61986,61996],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,61945,61946,61948,61950,61952,61954,61956,61958],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,61947,74],{"class":73},[67,61949,78],{"class":77},[67,61951,82],{"class":81},[67,61953,464],{"class":85},[67,61955,89],{"class":81},[67,61957,3182],{"class":85},[67,61959,100],{"class":81},[67,61961,61962,61964,61966,61968,61970,61972,61974,61976,61978,61980],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,61963,2416],{"class":73},[67,61965,78],{"class":77},[67,61967,111],{"class":73},[67,61969,114],{"class":81},[67,61971,53651],{"class":117},[67,61973,370],{"class":81},[67,61975,2251],{"class":85},[67,61977,89],{"class":81},[67,61979,2645],{"class":85},[67,61981,376],{"class":81},[67,61983,61984],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,61985,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,61987,61988,61990,61992,61994],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,61989,135],{"class":134},[67,61991,138],{"class":81},[67,61993,2451],{"class":117},[67,61995,144],{"class":81},[67,61997,61998],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,61999,62000],{"class":3852},"# None\n",[14,62002,62003],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[58,62005,62007],{"className":60,"code":62006,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[17,62008,62009,62025,62047,62051,62061],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,62010,62011,62013,62015,62017,62019,62021,62023],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,62012,74],{"class":73},[67,62014,78],{"class":77},[67,62016,82],{"class":81},[67,62018,464],{"class":85},[67,62020,89],{"class":81},[67,62022,3182],{"class":85},[67,62024,100],{"class":81},[67,62026,62027,62029,62031,62033,62035,62037,62039,62041,62043,62045],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,62028,74],{"class":73},[67,62030,78],{"class":77},[67,62032,111],{"class":73},[67,62034,114],{"class":81},[67,62036,53651],{"class":117},[67,62038,370],{"class":81},[67,62040,2251],{"class":85},[67,62042,89],{"class":81},[67,62044,2645],{"class":85},[67,62046,376],{"class":81},[67,62048,62049],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,62050,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,62052,62053,62055,62057,62059],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,62054,135],{"class":134},[67,62056,138],{"class":81},[67,62058,154],{"class":117},[67,62060,144],{"class":81},[67,62062,62063],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,62064,62000],{"class":3852},[14,62066,62067],{},"The correct way is:",[58,62069,62070],{"className":60,"code":61507,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,62071,62072,62088,62106,62110,62120],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,62073,62074,62076,62078,62080,62082,62084,62086],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,62075,74],{"class":73},[67,62077,78],{"class":77},[67,62079,82],{"class":81},[67,62081,464],{"class":85},[67,62083,89],{"class":81},[67,62085,3182],{"class":85},[67,62087,100],{"class":81},[67,62089,62090,62092,62094,62096,62098,62100,62102,62104],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,62091,154],{"class":73},[67,62093,114],{"class":81},[67,62095,53651],{"class":117},[67,62097,370],{"class":81},[67,62099,2251],{"class":85},[67,62101,89],{"class":81},[67,62103,2645],{"class":85},[67,62105,376],{"class":81},[67,62107,62108],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,62109,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,62111,62112,62114,62116,62118],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,62113,135],{"class":134},[67,62115,138],{"class":81},[67,62117,154],{"class":117},[67,62119,144],{"class":81},[67,62121,62122],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,62123,52901],{"class":3852},[14,62125,56078,62126,62128],{},[17,62127,53621],{}," first, then use the original list.",[53,62130,4707],{"id":4706},[14,62132,14920,62133,114],{},[17,62134,53621],{},[1109,62136,62138,62139,1933],{"id":62137},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[17,62140,53621],{},[58,62142,62144],{"className":60,"code":62143,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[17,62145,62146,62162,62184,62188,62198],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,62147,62148,62150,62152,62154,62156,62158,62160],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,62149,74],{"class":73},[67,62151,78],{"class":77},[67,62153,82],{"class":81},[67,62155,464],{"class":85},[67,62157,89],{"class":81},[67,62159,3182],{"class":85},[67,62161,100],{"class":81},[67,62163,62164,62166,62168,62170,62172,62174,62176,62178,62180,62182],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,62165,55811],{"class":73},[67,62167,78],{"class":77},[67,62169,111],{"class":73},[67,62171,114],{"class":81},[67,62173,53651],{"class":117},[67,62175,370],{"class":81},[67,62177,2251],{"class":85},[67,62179,89],{"class":81},[67,62181,2645],{"class":85},[67,62183,376],{"class":81},[67,62185,62186],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,62187,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,62189,62190,62192,62194,62196],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,62191,135],{"class":134},[67,62193,138],{"class":81},[67,62195,55830],{"class":117},[67,62197,144],{"class":81},[67,62199,62200],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,62201,62000],{"class":3852},[14,62203,62204,62205,114],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[17,62206,53621],{},[1109,62208,62210,62211,44809,62213,62215],{"id":62209},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[17,62212,52830],{},[17,62214,53621],{}," is needed",[58,62217,62218],{"className":60,"code":61570,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,62219,62220,62236,62254,62258,62268],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,62221,62222,62224,62226,62228,62230,62232,62234],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,62223,74],{"class":73},[67,62225,78],{"class":77},[67,62227,82],{"class":81},[67,62229,464],{"class":85},[67,62231,89],{"class":81},[67,62233,3182],{"class":85},[67,62235,100],{"class":81},[67,62237,62238,62240,62242,62244,62246,62248,62250,62252],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,62239,154],{"class":73},[67,62241,114],{"class":81},[67,62243,13739],{"class":117},[67,62245,370],{"class":81},[67,62247,2251],{"class":85},[67,62249,89],{"class":81},[67,62251,2645],{"class":85},[67,62253,376],{"class":81},[67,62255,62256],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,62257,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,62259,62260,62262,62264,62266],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,62261,135],{"class":134},[67,62263,138],{"class":81},[67,62265,154],{"class":117},[67,62267,144],{"class":81},[67,62269,62270],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,62271,61625],{"class":3852},[14,62273,62274,62275,54066,62277,6823],{},"If you wanted ",[17,62276,54065],{},[17,62278,53621],{},[1109,62280,62282],{"id":62281},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[58,62284,62286],{"className":60,"code":62285,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[17,62287,62288,62304,62322,62326,62336],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,62289,62290,62292,62294,62296,62298,62300,62302],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,62291,4261],{"class":73},[67,62293,78],{"class":77},[67,62295,82],{"class":81},[67,62297,240],{"class":239},[67,62299,4036],{"class":243},[67,62301,240],{"class":239},[67,62303,100],{"class":81},[67,62305,62306,62308,62310,62312,62314,62316,62318,62320],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,62307,4302],{"class":73},[67,62309,114],{"class":81},[67,62311,53651],{"class":117},[67,62313,138],{"class":81},[67,62315,240],{"class":239},[67,62317,60760],{"class":243},[67,62319,240],{"class":239},[67,62321,144],{"class":81},[67,62323,62324],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,62325,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,62327,62328,62330,62332,62334],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,62329,135],{"class":134},[67,62331,138],{"class":81},[67,62333,4302],{"class":117},[67,62335,144],{"class":81},[67,62337,62338],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,62339,62340],{"class":3852},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,62342,62343,62344,62347,62348,1161],{},"If you want ",[17,62345,62346],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[17,62349,52830],{},[58,62351,62353],{"className":60,"code":62352,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[17,62354,62355,62371,62389,62393,62403],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,62356,62357,62359,62361,62363,62365,62367,62369],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,62358,4261],{"class":73},[67,62360,78],{"class":77},[67,62362,82],{"class":81},[67,62364,240],{"class":239},[67,62366,4036],{"class":243},[67,62368,240],{"class":239},[67,62370,100],{"class":81},[67,62372,62373,62375,62377,62379,62381,62383,62385,62387],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,62374,4302],{"class":73},[67,62376,114],{"class":81},[67,62378,13739],{"class":117},[67,62380,138],{"class":81},[67,62382,240],{"class":239},[67,62384,60760],{"class":243},[67,62386,240],{"class":239},[67,62388,144],{"class":81},[67,62390,62391],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,62392,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,62394,62395,62397,62399,62401],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,62396,135],{"class":134},[67,62398,138],{"class":81},[67,62400,4302],{"class":117},[67,62402,144],{"class":81},[67,62404,62405],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,62406,62407],{"class":3852},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1109,62409,62411],{"id":62410},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[58,62413,62415],{"className":60,"code":62414,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[17,62416,62417,62433],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,62418,62419,62421,62423,62425,62427,62429,62431],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,62420,74],{"class":73},[67,62422,78],{"class":77},[67,62424,82],{"class":81},[67,62426,464],{"class":85},[67,62428,89],{"class":81},[67,62430,3182],{"class":85},[67,62432,100],{"class":81},[67,62434,62435,62437,62439,62441,62443,62445],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,62436,154],{"class":73},[67,62438,114],{"class":81},[67,62440,53651],{"class":117},[67,62442,138],{"class":81},[67,62444,1308],{"class":85},[67,62446,144],{"class":81},[14,62448,39832,62449,6743],{},[17,62450,1308],{},[14,62452,62453,62454,62456,62457,62460],{},"You will get a ",[17,62455,1519],{},". See ",[45,62458,62459],{"href":52777},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62462,62463],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[58,62465,62467],{"className":60,"code":62466,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[17,62468,62469,62479,62493,62505],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,62470,62471,62473,62475,62477],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,62472,135],{"class":134},[67,62474,138],{"class":81},[67,62476,1953],{"class":117},[67,62478,144],{"class":81},[67,62480,62481,62483,62485,62487,62489,62491],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,62482,135],{"class":134},[67,62484,138],{"class":81},[67,62486,2011],{"class":362},[67,62488,138],{"class":81},[67,62490,5549],{"class":117},[67,62492,1426],{"class":81},[67,62494,62495,62497,62499,62501,62503],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,62496,135],{"class":134},[67,62498,138],{"class":81},[67,62500,2451],{"class":117},[67,62502,3849],{"class":81},[67,62504,144],{"class":73},[67,62506,62507,62509,62511,62513,62515,62517],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,62508,32337],{"class":134},[67,62510,138],{"class":81},[67,62512,363],{"class":362},[67,62514,114],{"class":81},[67,62516,53651],{"class":24938},[67,62518,144],{"class":81},[43760,62520,62521],{},[14,62522,62523,62524,62527,62528,62530,62531,114],{},"Note: ",[17,62525,62526],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[17,62529,3849],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[17,62532,33212],{},[14,62534,62535],{},"Correct debugging example:",[58,62537,62539],{"className":60,"code":62538,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[17,62540,62541,62557,62573,62577,62591,62595,62603,62613,62627,62637],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,62542,62543,62545,62547,62549,62551,62553,62555],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,62544,8496],{"class":73},[67,62546,78],{"class":77},[67,62548,82],{"class":81},[67,62550,464],{"class":85},[67,62552,89],{"class":81},[67,62554,3182],{"class":85},[67,62556,100],{"class":81},[67,62558,62559,62561,62563,62565,62567,62569,62571],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,62560,4014],{"class":73},[67,62562,78],{"class":77},[67,62564,82],{"class":81},[67,62566,2251],{"class":85},[67,62568,89],{"class":81},[67,62570,2645],{"class":85},[67,62572,100],{"class":81},[67,62574,62575],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,62576,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,62578,62579,62581,62583,62585,62587,62589],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,62580,1953],{"class":73},[67,62582,114],{"class":81},[67,62584,53651],{"class":117},[67,62586,138],{"class":81},[67,62588,5549],{"class":117},[67,62590,144],{"class":81},[67,62592,62593],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,62594,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,62596,62597,62599,62601],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,62598,2416],{"class":73},[67,62600,78],{"class":77},[67,62602,48706],{"class":4043},[67,62604,62605,62607,62609,62611],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,62606,135],{"class":134},[67,62608,138],{"class":81},[67,62610,1953],{"class":117},[67,62612,144],{"class":81},[67,62614,62615,62617,62619,62621,62623,62625],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,62616,135],{"class":134},[67,62618,138],{"class":81},[67,62620,2011],{"class":362},[67,62622,138],{"class":81},[67,62624,5549],{"class":117},[67,62626,1426],{"class":81},[67,62628,62629,62631,62633,62635],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,62630,135],{"class":134},[67,62632,138],{"class":81},[67,62634,2451],{"class":117},[67,62636,144],{"class":81},[67,62638,62639,62641,62643,62645,62647,62649],{"class":69,"line":6628},[67,62640,32337],{"class":134},[67,62642,138],{"class":81},[67,62644,363],{"class":362},[67,62646,114],{"class":81},[67,62648,53651],{"class":24938},[67,62650,144],{"class":81},[53,62652,5151,62654],{"id":62653},"when-to-use-extend",[17,62655,53621],{},[14,62657,185,62658,6510],{},[17,62659,53621],{},[25,62661,62662,62665,62668],{},[28,62663,62664],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[28,62666,62667],{},"Add multiple values at once",[28,62669,62670],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62672,5663],{},[58,62674,62676],{"className":60,"code":62675,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[17,62677,62678,62695,62713,62717,62733,62737,62747],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,62679,62680,62683,62685,62687,62689,62691,62693],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,62681,62682],{"class":73},"all_scores ",[67,62684,78],{"class":77},[67,62686,82],{"class":81},[67,62688,13688],{"class":85},[67,62690,89],{"class":81},[67,62692,13693],{"class":85},[67,62694,100],{"class":81},[67,62696,62697,62700,62702,62704,62706,62708,62711],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,62698,62699],{"class":73},"new_scores ",[67,62701,78],{"class":77},[67,62703,82],{"class":81},[67,62705,51682],{"class":85},[67,62707,89],{"class":81},[67,62709,62710],{"class":85}," 92",[67,62712,100],{"class":81},[67,62714,62715],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,62716,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,62718,62719,62722,62724,62726,62728,62731],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,62720,62721],{"class":73},"all_scores",[67,62723,114],{"class":81},[67,62725,53651],{"class":117},[67,62727,138],{"class":81},[67,62729,62730],{"class":117},"new_scores",[67,62732,144],{"class":81},[67,62734,62735],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,62736,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,62738,62739,62741,62743,62745],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,62740,135],{"class":134},[67,62742,138],{"class":81},[67,62744,62721],{"class":117},[67,62746,144],{"class":81},[67,62748,62749],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,62750,62751],{"class":3852},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62753,62754,62755,62757,62758,114],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[17,62756,52830],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[45,62759,55690,62760,946],{"href":54083},[17,62761,54443],{},[53,62763,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,62765,12894,62767,55640],{"id":62766},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[17,62768,53522],{},[14,62770,62771,62772,114],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[17,62773,1103],{},[1109,62775,5369,62777,961,62779,2681],{"id":62776},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[17,62778,53621],{},[17,62780,52830],{},[14,62782,62783,62785,62786,62788],{},[17,62784,53621],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[17,62787,52830],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1109,62790,28516,62792,62794],{"id":62791},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[17,62793,53621],{}," with a string?",[14,62796,62797],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1109,62799,28516,62801,62803],{"id":62800},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[17,62802,53621],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62805,62806],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1109,62808,62810,62811,2681],{"id":62809},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[17,62812,53621],{},[14,62814,62815,62816,62818],{},"You get a ",[17,62817,1519],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[53,62820,2094],{"id":2093},[25,62822,62823,62829,62833,62837,62841,62847,62851],{},[28,62824,62825],{},[45,62826,55690,62827,946],{"href":56937},[17,62828,52830],{},[28,62830,62831],{},[45,62832,54453],{"href":53223},[28,62834,62835],{},[45,62836,57397],{"href":57322},[28,62838,62839],{},[45,62840,531],{"href":530},[28,62842,62843],{},[45,62844,55690,62845,946],{"href":54083},[17,62846,54443],{},[28,62848,62849],{},[45,62850,62459],{"href":52777},[28,62852,62853],{},[45,62854,55690,62855,946],{"href":55135},[17,62856,12966],{},[14,62858,62859,62860,62862,62863,62865],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[17,62861,52830],{},", when to use ",[17,62864,54443],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2122,62867,62868],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":62870},[62871,62872,62874,62875,62876,62883,62890,62891,62899,62901,62913],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":61269,"depth":103,"text":62873},"What list.extend() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":61350,"depth":103,"text":61351},{"id":61487,"depth":103,"text":62877,"children":62878},"extend() vs append()",[62879,62881],{"id":61501,"depth":124,"text":62880},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61564,"depth":124,"text":62882},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61650,"depth":103,"text":62884,"children":62885},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62886,62887,62888,62889],{"id":61661,"depth":124,"text":61662},{"id":61725,"depth":124,"text":61726},{"id":61791,"depth":124,"text":61792},{"id":61865,"depth":124,"text":61866},{"id":61925,"depth":103,"text":61926},{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":62892},[62893,62895,62897,62898],{"id":62137,"depth":124,"text":62894},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62209,"depth":124,"text":62896},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62281,"depth":124,"text":62282},{"id":62410,"depth":124,"text":62411},{"id":62653,"depth":103,"text":62900},"When to use extend()",{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":62902},[62903,62905,62907,62909,62911],{"id":62766,"depth":124,"text":62904},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62776,"depth":124,"text":62906},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62791,"depth":124,"text":62908},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62800,"depth":124,"text":62910},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62809,"depth":124,"text":62912},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61173,"description":62914},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62921,"title":62922,"body":62923,"description":65014,"extension":2153,"meta":65015,"navigation":127,"path":65016,"seo":65017,"stem":65018,"__hash__":65019},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62924,"toc":64977},[62925,62928,62933,62939,62950,62956,62958,63027,63029,63078,63086,63090,63095,63098,63109,63114,63116,63118,63139,63152,63155,63168,63170,63175,63200,63202,63210,63213,63282,63284,63308,63314,63318,63322,63358,63360,63380,63387,63391,63424,63426,63460,63465,63469,63502,63504,63532,63540,63544,63581,63583,63604,63607,63611,63680,63682,63706,63712,63719,63723,63726,63728,63742,63745,63769,63771,63796,63799,63818,63820,63846,63855,63859,63866,63943,63945,63986,63992,63998,64089,64091,64147,64150,64155,64159,64164,64168,64227,64229,64254,64258,64321,64323,64348,64352,64415,64417,64460,64463,64467,64471,64493,64497,64579,64581,64616,64624,64626,64630,64634,64636,64663,64668,64670,64697,64704,64707,64730,64732,64781,64784,64787,64806,64810,64813,64864,64867,64873,64877,64882,64885,64887,64893,64902,64906,64912,64916,64919,64923,64926,64930,64936,64938,64974],[10,62926,62922],{"id":62927},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62929,9309,62930,62932],{},[17,62931,24969],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62934,62935,62936,62938],{},"Beginners usually use ",[17,62937,24969],{}," for two main reasons:",[25,62940,62941,62944],{},[28,62942,62943],{},"to make an empty list",[28,62945,62946,62947,62949],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[17,62948,60167],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62951,62952,62953,62955],{},"This page explains how ",[17,62954,24969],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[53,62957,56],{"id":55},[58,62959,62961],{"className":60,"code":62960,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[17,62962,62963,62985,63003,63007,63017],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,62964,62965,62967,62969,62971,62973,62975,62977,62979,62981,62983],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,62966,74],{"class":73},[67,62968,78],{"class":77},[67,62970,22749],{"class":362},[67,62972,5702],{"class":81},[67,62974,464],{"class":85},[67,62976,89],{"class":81},[67,62978,3182],{"class":85},[67,62980,89],{"class":81},[67,62982,2639],{"class":85},[67,62984,1426],{"class":81},[67,62986,62987,62989,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63001],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,62988,411],{"class":73},[67,62990,78],{"class":77},[67,62992,22749],{"class":362},[67,62994,138],{"class":81},[67,62996,240],{"class":239},[67,62998,41740],{"class":243},[67,63000,240],{"class":239},[67,63002,144],{"class":81},[67,63004,63005],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,63006,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,63008,63009,63011,63013,63015],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,63010,135],{"class":134},[67,63012,138],{"class":81},[67,63014,154],{"class":117},[67,63016,144],{"class":81},[67,63018,63019,63021,63023,63025],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,63020,135],{"class":134},[67,63022,138],{"class":81},[67,63024,490],{"class":117},[67,63026,144],{"class":81},[14,63028,159],{},[58,63030,63032],{"className":60,"code":63031,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[17,63033,63034,63050],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63035,63036,63038,63040,63042,63044,63046,63048],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63037,174],{"class":81},[67,63039,464],{"class":85},[67,63041,89],{"class":81},[67,63043,3182],{"class":85},[67,63045,89],{"class":81},[67,63047,2639],{"class":85},[67,63049,100],{"class":81},[67,63051,63052,63054,63056,63058,63060,63062,63064,63066,63068,63070,63072,63074,63076],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,63053,174],{"class":81},[67,63055,333],{"class":239},[67,63057,45],{"class":243},[67,63059,333],{"class":239},[67,63061,89],{"class":81},[67,63063,342],{"class":239},[67,63065,428],{"class":243},[67,63067,333],{"class":239},[67,63069,89],{"class":81},[67,63071,342],{"class":239},[67,63073,437],{"class":243},[67,63075,333],{"class":239},[67,63077,100],{"class":81},[14,63079,185,63080,63082,63083,63085],{},[17,63081,24969],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[17,63084,60167],{},", set, or dictionary.",[53,63087,63089],{"id":63088},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,63091,63092,63094],{},[17,63093,24969],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,63096,63097],{},"It can:",[25,63099,63100,63103,63106],{},[28,63101,63102],{},"create a new list object",[28,63104,63105],{},"make an empty list",[28,63107,63108],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,63110,63111,63112,114],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[45,63113,531],{"href":530},[53,63115,352],{"id":351},[14,63117,26675],{},[58,63119,63121],{"className":60,"code":63120,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[17,63122,63123,63129],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63124,63125,63127],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63126,363],{"class":362},[67,63128,121],{"class":81},[67,63130,63131,63133,63135,63137],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,63132,363],{"class":362},[67,63134,138],{"class":81},[67,63136,3911],{"class":117},[67,63138,144],{"class":81},[25,63140,63141,63146],{},[28,63142,63143,63145],{},[17,63144,24969],{}," makes an empty list",[28,63147,63148,63151],{},[17,63149,63150],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,63153,63154],{},"Common iterable values include:",[25,63156,63157,63159,63161,63163,63166],{},[28,63158,5499],{},[28,63160,5493],{},[28,63162,5496],{},[28,63164,63165],{},"ranges",[28,63167,7442],{},[53,63169,59789],{"id":59788},[14,63171,185,63172,63174],{},[17,63173,24969],{}," with no arguments:",[58,63176,63178],{"className":60,"code":63177,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[17,63179,63180,63190],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63181,63182,63184,63186,63188],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63183,1131],{"class":73},[67,63185,78],{"class":77},[67,63187,22749],{"class":362},[67,63189,121],{"class":81},[67,63191,63192,63194,63196,63198],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,63193,135],{"class":134},[67,63195,138],{"class":81},[67,63197,1141],{"class":117},[67,63199,144],{"class":81},[14,63201,159],{},[58,63203,63204],{"className":60,"code":38477,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,63205,63206],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63207,63208],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63209,38477],{"class":81},[14,63211,63212],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[58,63214,63216],{"className":60,"code":63215,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,63217,63218,63228,63232,63250,63268,63272],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63219,63220,63222,63224,63226],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63221,1131],{"class":73},[67,63223,78],{"class":77},[67,63225,22749],{"class":362},[67,63227,121],{"class":81},[67,63229,63230],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,63231,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,63233,63234,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,63235,1141],{"class":73},[67,63237,114],{"class":81},[67,63239,13739],{"class":117},[67,63241,138],{"class":81},[67,63243,240],{"class":239},[67,63245,689],{"class":243},[67,63247,240],{"class":239},[67,63249,144],{"class":81},[67,63251,63252,63254,63256,63258,63260,63262,63264,63266],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,63253,1141],{"class":73},[67,63255,114],{"class":81},[67,63257,13739],{"class":117},[67,63259,138],{"class":81},[67,63261,240],{"class":239},[67,63263,698],{"class":243},[67,63265,240],{"class":239},[67,63267,144],{"class":81},[67,63269,63270],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,63271,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,63273,63274,63276,63278,63280],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,63275,135],{"class":134},[67,63277,138],{"class":81},[67,63279,1141],{"class":117},[67,63281,144],{"class":81},[14,63283,159],{},[58,63285,63286],{"className":60,"code":38602,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,63287,63288],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63289,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300,63302,63304,63306],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63291,174],{"class":81},[67,63293,333],{"class":239},[67,63295,689],{"class":243},[67,63297,333],{"class":239},[67,63299,89],{"class":81},[67,63301,342],{"class":239},[67,63303,698],{"class":243},[67,63305,333],{"class":239},[67,63307,100],{"class":81},[14,63309,63310,63311,63313],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[17,63312,3978],{},". Both are valid.",[53,63315,63317],{"id":63316},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1109,63319,63321],{"id":63320},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[58,63323,63324],{"className":60,"code":60087,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,63325,63326,63348],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63327,63328,63330,63332,63334,63336,63338,63340,63342,63344,63346],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63329,74],{"class":73},[67,63331,78],{"class":77},[67,63333,22749],{"class":362},[67,63335,5702],{"class":81},[67,63337,464],{"class":85},[67,63339,89],{"class":81},[67,63341,3182],{"class":85},[67,63343,89],{"class":81},[67,63345,2639],{"class":85},[67,63347,1426],{"class":81},[67,63349,63350,63352,63354,63356],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,63351,135],{"class":134},[67,63353,138],{"class":81},[67,63355,154],{"class":117},[67,63357,144],{"class":81},[14,63359,159],{},[58,63361,63362],{"className":60,"code":55321,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,63363,63364],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63365,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63367,174],{"class":81},[67,63369,464],{"class":85},[67,63371,89],{"class":81},[67,63373,3182],{"class":85},[67,63375,89],{"class":81},[67,63377,2639],{"class":85},[67,63379,100],{"class":81},[14,63381,63382,63383,114],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[45,63384,63386],{"href":63385},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1109,63388,63390],{"id":63389},"string-to-list","String to list",[58,63392,63394],{"className":60,"code":63393,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,63395,63396,63414],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63397,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63399,411],{"class":73},[67,63401,78],{"class":77},[67,63403,22749],{"class":362},[67,63405,138],{"class":81},[67,63407,240],{"class":239},[67,63409,37227],{"class":243},[67,63411,240],{"class":239},[67,63413,144],{"class":81},[67,63415,63416,63418,63420,63422],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,63417,135],{"class":134},[67,63419,138],{"class":81},[67,63421,490],{"class":117},[67,63423,144],{"class":81},[14,63425,159],{},[58,63427,63429],{"className":60,"code":63428,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[17,63430,63431],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63432,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443,63445,63447,63449,63451,63453,63456,63458],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63434,174],{"class":81},[67,63436,333],{"class":239},[67,63438,437],{"class":243},[67,63440,333],{"class":239},[67,63442,89],{"class":81},[67,63444,342],{"class":239},[67,63446,45],{"class":243},[67,63448,333],{"class":239},[67,63450,89],{"class":81},[67,63452,342],{"class":239},[67,63454,63455],{"class":243},"t",[67,63457,333],{"class":239},[67,63459,100],{"class":81},[14,63461,63462,63464],{},[17,63463,24969],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1109,63466,63468],{"id":63467},"range-to-list","Range to list",[58,63470,63472],{"className":60,"code":63471,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,63473,63474,63492],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63475,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63477,74],{"class":73},[67,63479,78],{"class":77},[67,63481,22749],{"class":362},[67,63483,138],{"class":81},[67,63485,60167],{"class":134},[67,63487,138],{"class":81},[67,63489,1308],{"class":85},[67,63491,1426],{"class":81},[67,63493,63494,63496,63498,63500],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,63495,135],{"class":134},[67,63497,138],{"class":81},[67,63499,154],{"class":117},[67,63501,144],{"class":81},[14,63503,159],{},[58,63505,63506],{"className":60,"code":60190,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,63507,63508],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63509,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522,63524,63526,63528,63530],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63511,174],{"class":81},[67,63513,1031],{"class":85},[67,63515,89],{"class":81},[67,63517,5689],{"class":85},[67,63519,89],{"class":81},[67,63521,3182],{"class":85},[67,63523,89],{"class":81},[67,63525,2639],{"class":85},[67,63527,89],{"class":81},[67,63529,2645],{"class":85},[67,63531,100],{"class":81},[14,63533,63534,63535,63539],{},"This is common when working with ",[45,63536,63537],{"href":36377},[17,63538,36380],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1109,63541,63543],{"id":63542},"set-to-list","Set to list",[58,63545,63547],{"className":60,"code":63546,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[17,63548,63549,63571],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63550,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63552,4014],{"class":73},[67,63554,78],{"class":77},[67,63556,22749],{"class":362},[67,63558,5721],{"class":81},[67,63560,86],{"class":85},[67,63562,89],{"class":81},[67,63564,92],{"class":85},[67,63566,89],{"class":81},[67,63568,97],{"class":85},[67,63570,30680],{"class":81},[67,63572,63573,63575,63577,63579],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,63574,135],{"class":134},[67,63576,138],{"class":81},[67,63578,5549],{"class":117},[67,63580,144],{"class":81},[14,63582,17146],{},[58,63584,63586],{"className":60,"code":63585,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[17,63587,63588],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63589,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600,63602],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63591,174],{"class":81},[67,63593,86],{"class":85},[67,63595,89],{"class":81},[67,63597,92],{"class":85},[67,63599,89],{"class":81},[67,63601,97],{"class":85},[67,63603,100],{"class":81},[14,63605,63606],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1109,63608,63610],{"id":63609},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[58,63612,63614],{"className":60,"code":63613,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,63615,63616,63652,63666,63670],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63617,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63619,13390],{"class":73},[67,63621,78],{"class":77},[67,63623,10678],{"class":81},[67,63625,240],{"class":239},[67,63627,7860],{"class":243},[67,63629,240],{"class":239},[67,63631,1161],{"class":81},[67,63633,251],{"class":239},[67,63635,986],{"class":243},[67,63637,240],{"class":239},[67,63639,89],{"class":81},[67,63641,251],{"class":239},[67,63643,9486],{"class":243},[67,63645,240],{"class":239},[67,63647,1161],{"class":81},[67,63649,9493],{"class":85},[67,63651,9496],{"class":81},[67,63653,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662,63664],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,63655,2416],{"class":73},[67,63657,78],{"class":77},[67,63659,22749],{"class":362},[67,63661,138],{"class":81},[67,63663,17495],{"class":117},[67,63665,144],{"class":81},[67,63667,63668],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,63669,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,63671,63672,63674,63676,63678],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,63673,135],{"class":134},[67,63675,138],{"class":81},[67,63677,2451],{"class":117},[67,63679,144],{"class":81},[14,63681,159],{},[58,63683,63684],{"className":60,"code":25669,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,63685,63686],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63687,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63689,174],{"class":81},[67,63691,333],{"class":239},[67,63693,7860],{"class":243},[67,63695,333],{"class":239},[67,63697,89],{"class":81},[67,63699,342],{"class":239},[67,63701,9486],{"class":243},[67,63703,333],{"class":239},[67,63705,100],{"class":81},[14,63707,63708,63709,63711],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[17,63710,24969],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63713,63714,63715,114],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[45,63716,63718],{"href":63717},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[53,63720,63722],{"id":63721},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63724,63725],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63727,61324],{},[25,63729,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740],{},[28,63731,5490],{},[28,63733,5493],{},[28,63735,5499],{},[28,63737,5496],{},[28,63739,63165],{},[28,63741,7442],{},[14,63743,63744],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[58,63746,63748],{"className":60,"code":63747,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[17,63749,63750],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63751,63752,63754,63756,63758,63760,63762,63765,63767],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63753,135],{"class":134},[67,63755,138],{"class":81},[67,63757,363],{"class":362},[67,63759,138],{"class":81},[67,63761,240],{"class":239},[67,63763,63764],{"class":243},"hi",[67,63766,240],{"class":239},[67,63768,1426],{"class":81},[14,63770,159],{},[58,63772,63774],{"className":60,"code":63773,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['h', 'i']\n",[17,63775,63776],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63777,63778,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63779,174],{"class":81},[67,63781,333],{"class":239},[67,63783,60607],{"class":243},[67,63785,333],{"class":239},[67,63787,89],{"class":81},[67,63789,342],{"class":239},[67,63791,36336],{"class":243},[67,63793,333],{"class":239},[67,63795,100],{"class":81},[14,63797,63798],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[58,63800,63802],{"className":60,"code":63801,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(list(5))\n",[17,63803,63804],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63805,63806,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63807,135],{"class":134},[67,63809,138],{"class":81},[67,63811,363],{"class":362},[67,63813,138],{"class":81},[67,63815,1308],{"class":85},[67,63817,1426],{"class":81},[14,63819,159],{},[58,63821,63823],{"className":60,"code":63822,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[17,63824,63825],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63826,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63828,1519],{"class":362},[67,63830,1161],{"class":81},[67,63832,342],{"class":239},[67,63834,2376],{"class":243},[67,63836,333],{"class":239},[67,63838,1531],{"class":362},[67,63840,8284],{"class":77},[67,63842,8287],{"class":77},[67,63844,63845],{"class":73}," iterable\n",[14,63847,63848,63849,63851,63852,114],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[45,63850,5325],{"href":5778},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[45,63853,63854],{"href":52777},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[53,63856,63858],{"id":63857},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63860,63861,63862,63865],{},"If you already have a list, ",[17,63863,63864],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[58,63867,63869],{"className":60,"code":63868,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[17,63870,63871,63891,63905,63909,63919,63929],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63872,63873,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63874,12275],{"class":73},[67,63876,78],{"class":77},[67,63878,82],{"class":81},[67,63880,464],{"class":85},[67,63882,89],{"class":81},[67,63884,3182],{"class":85},[67,63886,89],{"class":81},[67,63888,2639],{"class":85},[67,63890,100],{"class":81},[67,63892,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,63894,14498],{"class":73},[67,63896,78],{"class":77},[67,63898,22749],{"class":362},[67,63900,138],{"class":81},[67,63902,12322],{"class":117},[67,63904,144],{"class":81},[67,63906,63907],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,63908,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,63910,63911,63913,63915,63917],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,63912,135],{"class":134},[67,63914,138],{"class":81},[67,63916,12322],{"class":117},[67,63918,144],{"class":81},[67,63920,63921,63923,63925,63927],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,63922,135],{"class":134},[67,63924,138],{"class":81},[67,63926,14517],{"class":117},[67,63928,144],{"class":81},[67,63930,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,63932,135],{"class":134},[67,63934,138],{"class":81},[67,63936,12275],{"class":117},[67,63938,12383],{"class":1167},[67,63940,14571],{"class":117},[67,63942,144],{"class":81},[14,63944,159],{},[58,63946,63948],{"className":60,"code":63947,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[17,63949,63950,63966,63982],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,63951,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,63953,174],{"class":81},[67,63955,464],{"class":85},[67,63957,89],{"class":81},[67,63959,3182],{"class":85},[67,63961,89],{"class":81},[67,63963,2639],{"class":85},[67,63965,100],{"class":81},[67,63967,63968,63970,63972,63974,63976,63978,63980],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,63969,174],{"class":81},[67,63971,464],{"class":85},[67,63973,89],{"class":81},[67,63975,3182],{"class":85},[67,63977,89],{"class":81},[67,63979,2639],{"class":85},[67,63981,100],{"class":81},[67,63983,63984],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,63985,4231],{"class":4043},[14,63987,63988,63989,63991],{},"This means ",[17,63990,14517],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63993,63994,63995,63997],{},"However, this is only a ",[3934,63996,13040],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[58,63999,64001],{"className":60,"code":64000,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[17,64002,64003,64029,64043,64047,64065,64069,64079],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64004,64005,64007,64009,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64006,12275],{"class":73},[67,64008,78],{"class":77},[67,64010,56463],{"class":81},[67,64012,464],{"class":85},[67,64014,89],{"class":81},[67,64016,3182],{"class":85},[67,64018,18249],{"class":81},[67,64020,82],{"class":81},[67,64022,2251],{"class":85},[67,64024,89],{"class":81},[67,64026,2645],{"class":85},[67,64028,53417],{"class":81},[67,64030,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,64032,14498],{"class":73},[67,64034,78],{"class":77},[67,64036,22749],{"class":362},[67,64038,138],{"class":81},[67,64040,12322],{"class":117},[67,64042,144],{"class":81},[67,64044,64045],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,64046,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,64048,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,64050,14517],{"class":73},[67,64052,174],{"class":81},[67,64054,1031],{"class":85},[67,64056,13736],{"class":81},[67,64058,13739],{"class":117},[67,64060,138],{"class":81},[67,64062,56516],{"class":85},[67,64064,144],{"class":81},[67,64066,64067],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,64068,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,64070,64071,64073,64075,64077],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,64072,135],{"class":134},[67,64074,138],{"class":81},[67,64076,12322],{"class":117},[67,64078,144],{"class":81},[67,64080,64081,64083,64085,64087],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,64082,135],{"class":134},[67,64084,138],{"class":81},[67,64086,14517],{"class":117},[67,64088,144],{"class":81},[14,64090,159],{},[58,64092,64093],{"className":60,"code":56547,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,64094,64095,64121],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64096,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64098,56554],{"class":81},[67,64100,464],{"class":85},[67,64102,89],{"class":81},[67,64104,3182],{"class":85},[67,64106,89],{"class":81},[67,64108,10384],{"class":85},[67,64110,18249],{"class":81},[67,64112,82],{"class":81},[67,64114,2251],{"class":85},[67,64116,89],{"class":81},[67,64118,2645],{"class":85},[67,64120,53417],{"class":81},[67,64122,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,64124,56554],{"class":81},[67,64126,464],{"class":85},[67,64128,89],{"class":81},[67,64130,3182],{"class":85},[67,64132,89],{"class":81},[67,64134,10384],{"class":85},[67,64136,18249],{"class":81},[67,64138,82],{"class":81},[67,64140,2251],{"class":85},[67,64142,89],{"class":81},[67,64144,2645],{"class":85},[67,64146,53417],{"class":81},[14,64148,64149],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,64151,64152,64153,114],{},"For more on this, see ",[45,64154,13977],{"href":13976},[53,64156,64158],{"id":64157},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,64160,64161,64162,114],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[17,64163,24969],{},[1109,64165,64167],{"id":64166},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[58,64169,64171],{"className":60,"code":64170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[17,64172,64173,64213],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64174,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207,64209,64211],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64176,13053],{"class":73},[67,64178,78],{"class":77},[67,64180,10678],{"class":81},[67,64182,240],{"class":239},[67,64184,7860],{"class":243},[67,64186,240],{"class":239},[67,64188,1161],{"class":81},[67,64190,251],{"class":239},[67,64192,8110],{"class":243},[67,64194,240],{"class":239},[67,64196,89],{"class":81},[67,64198,251],{"class":239},[67,64200,20079],{"class":243},[67,64202,240],{"class":239},[67,64204,1161],{"class":81},[67,64206,251],{"class":239},[67,64208,22434],{"class":243},[67,64210,240],{"class":239},[67,64212,9496],{"class":81},[67,64214,64215,64217,64219,64221,64223,64225],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,64216,135],{"class":134},[67,64218,138],{"class":81},[67,64220,363],{"class":362},[67,64222,138],{"class":81},[67,64224,13812],{"class":117},[67,64226,1426],{"class":81},[14,64228,159],{},[58,64230,64232],{"className":60,"code":64231,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['name', 'grade']\n",[17,64233,64234],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64235,64236,64238,64240,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64237,174],{"class":81},[67,64239,333],{"class":239},[67,64241,7860],{"class":243},[67,64243,333],{"class":239},[67,64245,89],{"class":81},[67,64247,342],{"class":239},[67,64249,20079],{"class":243},[67,64251,333],{"class":239},[67,64253,100],{"class":81},[1109,64255,64257],{"id":64256},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[58,64259,64261],{"className":60,"code":64260,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[17,64262,64263,64303],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64264,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64266,13053],{"class":73},[67,64268,78],{"class":77},[67,64270,10678],{"class":81},[67,64272,240],{"class":239},[67,64274,7860],{"class":243},[67,64276,240],{"class":239},[67,64278,1161],{"class":81},[67,64280,251],{"class":239},[67,64282,8110],{"class":243},[67,64284,240],{"class":239},[67,64286,89],{"class":81},[67,64288,251],{"class":239},[67,64290,20079],{"class":243},[67,64292,240],{"class":239},[67,64294,1161],{"class":81},[67,64296,251],{"class":239},[67,64298,22434],{"class":243},[67,64300,240],{"class":239},[67,64302,9496],{"class":81},[67,64304,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,64306,135],{"class":134},[67,64308,138],{"class":81},[67,64310,363],{"class":362},[67,64312,138],{"class":81},[67,64314,13812],{"class":117},[67,64316,114],{"class":81},[67,64318,5549],{"class":117},[67,64320,6482],{"class":81},[14,64322,159],{},[58,64324,64326],{"className":60,"code":64325,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[17,64327,64328],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64329,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64331,174],{"class":81},[67,64333,333],{"class":239},[67,64335,8110],{"class":243},[67,64337,333],{"class":239},[67,64339,89],{"class":81},[67,64341,342],{"class":239},[67,64343,22434],{"class":243},[67,64345,333],{"class":239},[67,64347,100],{"class":81},[1109,64349,64351],{"id":64350},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[58,64353,64355],{"className":60,"code":64354,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[17,64356,64357,64397],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64358,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381,64383,64385,64387,64389,64391,64393,64395],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64360,13053],{"class":73},[67,64362,78],{"class":77},[67,64364,10678],{"class":81},[67,64366,240],{"class":239},[67,64368,7860],{"class":243},[67,64370,240],{"class":239},[67,64372,1161],{"class":81},[67,64374,251],{"class":239},[67,64376,8110],{"class":243},[67,64378,240],{"class":239},[67,64380,89],{"class":81},[67,64382,251],{"class":239},[67,64384,20079],{"class":243},[67,64386,240],{"class":239},[67,64388,1161],{"class":81},[67,64390,251],{"class":239},[67,64392,22434],{"class":243},[67,64394,240],{"class":239},[67,64396,9496],{"class":81},[67,64398,64399,64401,64403,64405,64407,64409,64411,64413],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,64400,135],{"class":134},[67,64402,138],{"class":81},[67,64404,363],{"class":362},[67,64406,138],{"class":81},[67,64408,13812],{"class":117},[67,64410,114],{"class":81},[67,64412,1141],{"class":117},[67,64414,6482],{"class":81},[14,64416,159],{},[58,64418,64420],{"className":60,"code":64419,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[17,64421,64422],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64423,64424,64426,64428,64430,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452,64454,64456,64458],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64425,21929],{"class":81},[67,64427,333],{"class":239},[67,64429,7860],{"class":243},[67,64431,333],{"class":239},[67,64433,89],{"class":81},[67,64435,342],{"class":239},[67,64437,8110],{"class":243},[67,64439,333],{"class":239},[67,64441,9420],{"class":81},[67,64443,9423],{"class":81},[67,64445,333],{"class":239},[67,64447,20079],{"class":243},[67,64449,333],{"class":239},[67,64451,89],{"class":81},[67,64453,342],{"class":239},[67,64455,22434],{"class":243},[67,64457,333],{"class":239},[67,64459,9436],{"class":81},[14,64461,64462],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[53,64464,64466],{"id":64465},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64468,185,64469,1671],{},[17,64470,24969],{},[25,64472,64473,64481,64490],{},[28,64474,64475,64476,3068,64478],{},"you need list methods like ",[17,64477,52830],{},[17,64479,64480],{},"sort()",[28,64482,64483,64484,3068,64486,64489],{},"you want to convert ",[17,64485,36380],{},[17,64487,64488],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[28,64491,64492],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64494,46218,64495,1161],{},[17,64496,64488],{},[58,64498,64500],{"className":60,"code":64499,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[17,64501,64502,64526,64542,64546,64569],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64503,64504,64506,64508,64510,64512,64514,64516,64518,64520,64522,64524],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64505,977],{"class":73},[67,64507,78],{"class":77},[67,64509,82],{"class":81},[67,64511,240],{"class":239},[67,64513,986],{"class":243},[67,64515,240],{"class":239},[67,64517,89],{"class":81},[67,64519,251],{"class":239},[67,64521,995],{"class":243},[67,64523,240],{"class":239},[67,64525,100],{"class":81},[67,64527,64528,64530,64532,64534,64536,64538,64540],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,64529,5252],{"class":73},[67,64531,78],{"class":77},[67,64533,82],{"class":81},[67,64535,13688],{"class":85},[67,64537,89],{"class":81},[67,64539,13693],{"class":85},[67,64541,100],{"class":81},[67,64543,64544],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,64545,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,64547,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556,64559,64561,64563,64565,64567],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,64549,9402],{"class":73},[67,64551,78],{"class":77},[67,64553,22749],{"class":362},[67,64555,138],{"class":81},[67,64557,64558],{"class":134},"zip",[67,64560,138],{"class":81},[67,64562,1057],{"class":117},[67,64564,89],{"class":81},[67,64566,5299],{"class":117},[67,64568,1426],{"class":81},[67,64570,64571,64573,64575,64577],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,64572,135],{"class":134},[67,64574,138],{"class":81},[67,64576,9449],{"class":117},[67,64578,144],{"class":81},[14,64580,159],{},[58,64582,64584],{"className":60,"code":64583,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[17,64585,64586],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64587,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606,64608,64610,64612,64614],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64589,21929],{"class":81},[67,64591,333],{"class":239},[67,64593,986],{"class":243},[67,64595,333],{"class":239},[67,64597,89],{"class":81},[67,64599,20086],{"class":85},[67,64601,9420],{"class":81},[67,64603,9423],{"class":81},[67,64605,333],{"class":239},[67,64607,995],{"class":243},[67,64609,333],{"class":239},[67,64611,89],{"class":81},[67,64613,13693],{"class":85},[67,64615,9436],{"class":81},[14,64617,64618,64619,64621,64622,114],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[17,64620,52830],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[45,64623,53224],{"href":53223},[53,64625,4707],{"id":4706},[14,64627,56944,64628,114],{},[17,64629,24969],{},[1109,64631,64633],{"id":64632},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64635,4714],{},[58,64637,64639],{"className":60,"code":64638,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[17,64640,64641,64645],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64642,64643],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64644,4724],{"class":3852},[67,64646,64647,64649,64651,64653,64655,64657,64659,64661],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,64648,363],{"class":362},[67,64650,138],{"class":81},[67,64652,464],{"class":85},[67,64654,89],{"class":81},[67,64656,3182],{"class":85},[67,64658,89],{"class":81},[67,64660,2639],{"class":85},[67,64662,144],{"class":81},[14,64664,64665,64667],{},[17,64666,24969],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64669,18882],{},[58,64671,64673],{"className":60,"code":64672,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[17,64674,64675],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64676,64677,64679,64681,64683,64685,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64678,135],{"class":134},[67,64680,138],{"class":81},[67,64682,363],{"class":362},[67,64684,5702],{"class":81},[67,64686,464],{"class":85},[67,64688,89],{"class":81},[67,64690,3182],{"class":85},[67,64692,89],{"class":81},[67,64694,2639],{"class":85},[67,64696,3102],{"class":81},[1109,64698,64700,64701],{"id":64699},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[67,64702,64703],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64705,64706],{},"This is a common surprise:",[58,64708,64710],{"className":60,"code":64709,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[17,64711,64712],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64713,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64715,135],{"class":134},[67,64717,138],{"class":81},[67,64719,363],{"class":362},[67,64721,138],{"class":81},[67,64723,240],{"class":239},[67,64725,4036],{"class":243},[67,64727,240],{"class":239},[67,64729,1426],{"class":81},[14,64731,159],{},[58,64733,64735],{"className":60,"code":64734,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[17,64736,64737],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64738,64739,64741,64743,64745,64747,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757,64759,64761,64763,64765,64767,64769,64771,64773,64775,64777,64779],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64740,174],{"class":81},[67,64742,333],{"class":239},[67,64744,60607],{"class":243},[67,64746,333],{"class":239},[67,64748,89],{"class":81},[67,64750,342],{"class":239},[67,64752,60616],{"class":243},[67,64754,333],{"class":239},[67,64756,89],{"class":81},[67,64758,342],{"class":239},[67,64760,60625],{"class":243},[67,64762,333],{"class":239},[67,64764,89],{"class":81},[67,64766,342],{"class":239},[67,64768,60625],{"class":243},[67,64770,333],{"class":239},[67,64772,89],{"class":81},[67,64774,342],{"class":239},[67,64776,60642],{"class":243},[67,64778,333],{"class":239},[67,64780,100],{"class":81},[14,64782,64783],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64785,64786],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[58,64788,64790],{"className":60,"code":64789,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[17,64791,64792],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64793,64794,64796,64798,64800,64802,64804],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64795,135],{"class":134},[67,64797,370],{"class":81},[67,64799,240],{"class":239},[67,64801,4036],{"class":243},[67,64803,240],{"class":239},[67,64805,376],{"class":81},[1109,64807,64809],{"id":64808},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64811,64812],{},"This:",[58,64814,64816],{"className":60,"code":64815,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[17,64817,64818,64850],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,64819,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,64821,9352],{"class":73},[67,64823,78],{"class":77},[67,64825,10678],{"class":81},[67,64827,240],{"class":239},[67,64829,45],{"class":243},[67,64831,240],{"class":239},[67,64833,1161],{"class":81},[67,64835,5689],{"class":85},[67,64837,89],{"class":81},[67,64839,251],{"class":239},[67,64841,428],{"class":243},[67,64843,240],{"class":239},[67,64845,1161],{"class":81},[67,64847,3182],{"class":85},[67,64849,9496],{"class":81},[67,64851,64852,64854,64856,64858,64860,64862],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,64853,135],{"class":134},[67,64855,138],{"class":81},[67,64857,363],{"class":362},[67,64859,138],{"class":81},[67,64861,9391],{"class":117},[67,64863,1426],{"class":81},[14,64865,64866],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64868,185,64869,64872],{},[17,64870,64871],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1109,64874,64876],{"id":64875},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64878,64879,64881],{},[17,64880,24969],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64883,64884],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[53,64886,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,64888,5369,64890,64892],{"id":64889},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[67,64891],{}," and list()?",[14,64894,64895,64896,64898,64899,64901],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[17,64897,3978],{}," is shorter. ",[17,64900,24969],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1109,64903,64905],{"id":64904},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64907,64908,64909,64911],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[17,64910,24969],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1109,64913,64915],{"id":64914},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64917,64918],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1109,64920,64922],{"id":64921},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64924,64925],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1109,64927,64929],{"id":64928},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64931,64932,64933,64935],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[17,64934,24969],{}," cannot loop through it.",[53,64937,2094],{"id":2093},[25,64939,64940,64944,64949,64953,64957,64961,64965,64970],{},[28,64941,64942],{},[45,64943,531],{"href":530},[28,64945,64946],{},[45,64947,64948],{"href":36377},"Python range() function explained",[28,64950,64951],{},[45,64952,63386],{"href":63385},[28,64954,64955],{},[45,64956,63718],{"href":63717},[28,64958,64959],{},[45,64960,5406],{"href":5778},[28,64962,64963],{},[45,64964,13977],{"href":13976},[28,64966,64967],{},[45,64968,64969],{"href":52777},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[28,64971,64972],{},[45,64973,54453],{"href":53223},[2122,64975,64976],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":64978},[64979,64980,64981,64982,64983,64990,64991,64992,64997,64998,65005,65013],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":63088,"depth":103,"text":63089},{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":59788,"depth":103,"text":59789},{"id":63316,"depth":103,"text":63317,"children":64984},[64985,64986,64987,64988,64989],{"id":63320,"depth":124,"text":63321},{"id":63389,"depth":124,"text":63390},{"id":63467,"depth":124,"text":63468},{"id":63542,"depth":124,"text":63543},{"id":63609,"depth":124,"text":63610},{"id":63721,"depth":103,"text":63722},{"id":63857,"depth":103,"text":63858},{"id":64157,"depth":103,"text":64158,"children":64993},[64994,64995,64996],{"id":64166,"depth":124,"text":64167},{"id":64256,"depth":124,"text":64257},{"id":64350,"depth":124,"text":64351},{"id":64465,"depth":103,"text":64466},{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":64999},[65000,65001,65003,65004],{"id":64632,"depth":124,"text":64633},{"id":64699,"depth":124,"text":65002},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64808,"depth":124,"text":64809},{"id":64875,"depth":124,"text":64876},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":65006},[65007,65009,65010,65011,65012],{"id":64889,"depth":124,"text":65008},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64904,"depth":124,"text":64905},{"id":64914,"depth":124,"text":64915},{"id":64921,"depth":124,"text":64922},{"id":64928,"depth":124,"text":64929},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62922,"description":65014},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65021,"title":65022,"body":65023,"description":66372,"extension":2153,"meta":66373,"navigation":127,"path":66374,"seo":66375,"stem":66376,"__hash__":66377},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65024,"toc":66346},[65025,65030,65035,65044,65046,65119,65128,65133,65137,65153,65157,65159,65161,65180,65183,65211,65214,65239,65247,65249,65254,65261,65263,65320,65322,65330,65336,65340,65343,65416,65418,65426,65429,65452,65459,65465,65469,65475,65546,65548,65556,65565,65572,65579,65587,65731,65733,65750,65753,65792,65795,65799,65804,65806,65865,65871,65874,65981,65983,65998,66001,66008,66010,66014,66161,66164,66225,66228,66231,66252,66257,66261,66272,66275,66277,66282,66285,66293,66298,66304,66307,66313,66321,66323,66343],[10,65026,54517,65028,11509],{"id":65027},"python-list-index-method",[17,65029,59136],{},[14,65031,65032,65034],{},[17,65033,945],{}," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,65036,65037,65038,65041,65042,114],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[3934,65039,65040],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[17,65043,40883],{},[53,65045,3798],{"id":3797},[58,65047,65049],{"className":60,"code":65048,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[17,65050,65051,65083,65106],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,65052,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061,65063,65065,65067,65069,65071,65073,65075,65077,65079,65081],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,65054,1131],{"class":73},[67,65056,78],{"class":77},[67,65058,82],{"class":81},[67,65060,240],{"class":239},[67,65062,689],{"class":243},[67,65064,240],{"class":239},[67,65066,89],{"class":81},[67,65068,251],{"class":239},[67,65070,698],{"class":243},[67,65072,240],{"class":239},[67,65074,89],{"class":81},[67,65076,251],{"class":239},[67,65078,707],{"class":243},[67,65080,240],{"class":239},[67,65082,100],{"class":81},[67,65084,65085,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096,65098,65100,65102,65104],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,65086,65087],{"class":73},"position ",[67,65089,78],{"class":77},[67,65091,1220],{"class":73},[67,65093,114],{"class":81},[67,65095,373],{"class":117},[67,65097,138],{"class":81},[67,65099,240],{"class":239},[67,65101,698],{"class":243},[67,65103,240],{"class":239},[67,65105,144],{"class":81},[67,65107,65108,65110,65112,65115,65117],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,65109,135],{"class":134},[67,65111,138],{"class":81},[67,65113,65114],{"class":117},"position",[67,65116,3849],{"class":81},[67,65118,27967],{"class":3852},[14,65120,185,65121,65124,65125,65127],{},[17,65122,65123],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[17,65126,40883],{}," if the item is not found.",[53,65129,3867,65131,3870],{"id":65130},"what-listindex-does",[17,65132,945],{},[14,65134,65135,1161],{},[17,65136,945],{},[25,65138,65139,65142,65145,65150],{},[28,65140,65141],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[28,65143,65144],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[28,65146,65147,65148],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[17,65149,1031],{},[28,65151,65152],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,65154,54742,65155,114],{},[45,65156,531],{"href":54745},[53,65158,352],{"id":351},[14,65160,30909],{},[58,65162,65164],{"className":60,"code":65163,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list.index(value)\n",[17,65165,65166],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,65167,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,65169,1953],{"class":73},[67,65171,114],{"class":81},[67,65173,373],{"class":117},[67,65175,138],{"class":81},[67,65177,2661],{"class":117},[67,65179,144],{"class":81},[14,65181,65182],{},"You can also limit the search:",[58,65184,65186],{"className":60,"code":65185,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[17,65187,65188],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,65189,65190,65192,65194,65196,65198,65200,65202,65204,65206,65209],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,65191,1953],{"class":73},[67,65193,114],{"class":81},[67,65195,373],{"class":117},[67,65197,138],{"class":81},[67,65199,2661],{"class":117},[67,65201,89],{"class":81},[67,65203,36235],{"class":117},[67,65205,89],{"class":81},[67,65207,65208],{"class":117}," end",[67,65210,144],{"class":81},[14,65212,65213],{},"Here is what each part means:",[25,65215,65216,65221,65226,65231],{},[28,65217,65218,65220],{},[17,65219,2661],{},": the item to search for",[28,65222,65223,65225],{},[17,65224,36256],{},": where the search begins",[28,65227,65228,65230],{},[17,65229,52838],{},": where the search stops",[28,65232,65233,4973,65235,65238],{},[17,65234,52838],{},[3934,65236,65237],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,65240,65241,65242,65244,65245,114],{},"This means Python searches from ",[17,65243,36256],{}," up to, but not including, ",[17,65246,52838],{},[53,65248,38200],{"id":38199},[14,65250,65251,65253],{},[17,65252,945],{}," returns an integer.",[14,65255,65256,65257,65260],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[3934,65258,65259],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,65262,222],{},[58,65264,65266],{"className":60,"code":65265,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,65267,65268,65288,65306,65310],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,65269,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278,65280,65282,65284,65286],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,65271,74],{"class":73},[67,65273,78],{"class":77},[67,65275,82],{"class":81},[67,65277,86],{"class":85},[67,65279,89],{"class":81},[67,65281,92],{"class":85},[67,65283,89],{"class":81},[67,65285,97],{"class":85},[67,65287,100],{"class":81},[67,65289,65290,65292,65294,65296,65298,65300,65302,65304],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,65291,2416],{"class":73},[67,65293,78],{"class":77},[67,65295,111],{"class":73},[67,65297,114],{"class":81},[67,65299,373],{"class":117},[67,65301,138],{"class":81},[67,65303,1843],{"class":85},[67,65305,144],{"class":81},[67,65307,65308],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,65309,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,65311,65312,65314,65316,65318],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,65313,135],{"class":134},[67,65315,138],{"class":81},[67,65317,2451],{"class":117},[67,65319,144],{"class":81},[14,65321,159],{},[58,65323,65324],{"className":60,"code":47095,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,65325,65326],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,65327,65328],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,65329,47095],{"class":85},[14,65331,65332,65333,65335],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[17,65334,59136],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[53,65337,65339],{"id":65338},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,65341,65342],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[58,65344,65346],{"className":60,"code":65345,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[17,65347,65348,65380,65402,65406],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,65349,65350,65352,65354,65356,65358,65360,65362,65364,65366,65368,65370,65372,65374,65376,65378],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,65351,680],{"class":73},[67,65353,78],{"class":77},[67,65355,82],{"class":81},[67,65357,240],{"class":239},[67,65359,689],{"class":243},[67,65361,240],{"class":239},[67,65363,89],{"class":81},[67,65365,251],{"class":239},[67,65367,698],{"class":243},[67,65369,240],{"class":239},[67,65371,89],{"class":81},[67,65373,251],{"class":239},[67,65375,707],{"class":243},[67,65377,240],{"class":239},[67,65379,100],{"class":81},[67,65381,65382,65384,65386,65388,65390,65392,65394,65396,65398,65400],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,65383,65087],{"class":73},[67,65385,78],{"class":77},[67,65387,733],{"class":73},[67,65389,114],{"class":81},[67,65391,373],{"class":117},[67,65393,138],{"class":81},[67,65395,240],{"class":239},[67,65397,707],{"class":243},[67,65399,240],{"class":239},[67,65401,144],{"class":81},[67,65403,65404],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,65405,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,65407,65408,65410,65412,65414],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,65409,135],{"class":134},[67,65411,138],{"class":81},[67,65413,65114],{"class":117},[67,65415,144],{"class":81},[14,65417,159],{},[58,65419,65420],{"className":60,"code":17244,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,65421,65422],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,65423,65424],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,65425,17244],{"class":85},[14,65427,65428],{},"In this list:",[25,65430,65431,65438,65445],{},[28,65432,65433,65435,65436],{},[17,65434,58002],{}," is at index ",[17,65437,1031],{},[28,65439,65440,65435,65443],{},[17,65441,65442],{},"\"banana\"",[17,65444,464],{},[28,65446,65447,65435,65450],{},[17,65448,65449],{},"\"cherry\"",[17,65451,2245],{},[14,65453,53828,65454,2584,65457,114],{},[17,65455,65456],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[17,65458,2245],{},[14,65460,51720,65461,114],{},[45,65462,65464],{"href":65463},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[53,65466,65468],{"id":65467},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65470,65471,65472,65474],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[17,65473,59136],{}," returns the first match only.",[58,65476,65478],{"className":60,"code":65477,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[17,65479,65480,65520,65524],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,65481,65482,65484,65486,65488,65490,65492,65494,65496,65498,65500,65502,65504,65506,65508,65510,65512,65514,65516,65518],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,65483,232],{"class":73},[67,65485,78],{"class":77},[67,65487,82],{"class":81},[67,65489,240],{"class":239},[67,65491,244],{"class":243},[67,65493,240],{"class":239},[67,65495,89],{"class":81},[67,65497,251],{"class":239},[67,65499,263],{"class":243},[67,65501,240],{"class":239},[67,65503,89],{"class":81},[67,65505,251],{"class":239},[67,65507,244],{"class":243},[67,65509,240],{"class":239},[67,65511,89],{"class":81},[67,65513,251],{"class":239},[67,65515,254],{"class":243},[67,65517,240],{"class":239},[67,65519,100],{"class":81},[67,65521,65522],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,65523,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,65525,65526,65528,65530,65532,65534,65536,65538,65540,65542,65544],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,65527,135],{"class":134},[67,65529,138],{"class":81},[67,65531,312],{"class":117},[67,65533,114],{"class":81},[67,65535,373],{"class":117},[67,65537,138],{"class":81},[67,65539,240],{"class":239},[67,65541,244],{"class":243},[67,65543,240],{"class":239},[67,65545,1426],{"class":81},[14,65547,159],{},[58,65549,65550],{"className":60,"code":47430,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,65551,65552],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,65553,65554],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,65555,47430],{"class":85},[14,65557,21166,65558,65561,65562,65564],{},[17,65559,65560],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[17,65563,1031],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65566,65567,65568,114],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[45,65569,55690,65570,946],{"href":59195},[17,65571,57459],{},[53,65573,8604,65575,961,65577],{"id":65574},"using-start-and-end",[17,65576,36256],{},[17,65578,52838],{},[14,65580,65581,65582,961,65584,65586],{},"The optional ",[17,65583,36256],{},[17,65585,52838],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[58,65588,65590],{"className":60,"code":65589,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[17,65591,65592,65640,65644,65669,65698],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,65593,65594,65596,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620,65622,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634,65636,65638],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,65595,411],{"class":73},[67,65597,78],{"class":77},[67,65599,82],{"class":81},[67,65601,240],{"class":239},[67,65603,45],{"class":243},[67,65605,240],{"class":239},[67,65607,89],{"class":81},[67,65609,251],{"class":239},[67,65611,428],{"class":243},[67,65613,240],{"class":239},[67,65615,89],{"class":81},[67,65617,251],{"class":239},[67,65619,437],{"class":243},[67,65621,240],{"class":239},[67,65623,89],{"class":81},[67,65625,251],{"class":239},[67,65627,428],{"class":243},[67,65629,240],{"class":239},[67,65631,89],{"class":81},[67,65633,251],{"class":239},[67,65635,18955],{"class":243},[67,65637,240],{"class":239},[67,65639,100],{"class":81},[67,65641,65642],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,65643,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,65645,65646,65648,65650,65652,65654,65656,65658,65660,65662,65664,65666],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,65647,135],{"class":134},[67,65649,138],{"class":81},[67,65651,490],{"class":117},[67,65653,114],{"class":81},[67,65655,373],{"class":117},[67,65657,138],{"class":81},[67,65659,240],{"class":239},[67,65661,428],{"class":243},[67,65663,240],{"class":239},[67,65665,5552],{"class":81},[67,65667,65668],{"class":3852},"        # first match\n",[67,65670,65671,65673,65675,65677,65679,65681,65683,65685,65687,65689,65691,65693,65695],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,65672,135],{"class":134},[67,65674,138],{"class":81},[67,65676,490],{"class":117},[67,65678,114],{"class":81},[67,65680,373],{"class":117},[67,65682,138],{"class":81},[67,65684,240],{"class":239},[67,65686,428],{"class":243},[67,65688,240],{"class":239},[67,65690,89],{"class":81},[67,65692,3182],{"class":85},[67,65694,5552],{"class":81},[67,65696,65697],{"class":3852},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[67,65699,65700,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712,65714,65716,65718,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,65701,135],{"class":134},[67,65703,138],{"class":81},[67,65705,490],{"class":117},[67,65707,114],{"class":81},[67,65709,373],{"class":117},[67,65711,138],{"class":81},[67,65713,240],{"class":239},[67,65715,428],{"class":243},[67,65717,240],{"class":239},[67,65719,89],{"class":81},[67,65721,5689],{"class":85},[67,65723,89],{"class":81},[67,65725,2645],{"class":85},[67,65727,5552],{"class":81},[67,65729,65730],{"class":3852},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65732,159],{},[58,65734,65736],{"className":60,"code":65735,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"1\n3\n1\n",[17,65737,65738,65742,65746],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,65739,65740],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,65741,47095],{"class":85},[67,65743,65744],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,65745,46795],{"class":85},[67,65747,65748],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,65749,47095],{"class":85},[14,65751,65752],{},"How this works:",[25,65754,65755,65767,65780],{},[28,65756,65757,65760,65761,65764,65765],{},[17,65758,65759],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[17,65762,65763],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[17,65766,464],{},[28,65768,65769,65772,65773,65775,65776,65764,65778],{},[17,65770,65771],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[17,65774,2245],{},", so it finds the next ",[17,65777,65763],{},[17,65779,2251],{},[28,65781,65782,65785,65786,1550,65788,17260,65790],{},[17,65783,65784],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[17,65787,464],{},[17,65789,2245],{},[17,65791,2251],{},[14,65793,65794],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[53,65796,65798],{"id":65797},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65800,65801,65802,114],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[17,65803,40883],{},[14,65805,222],{},[58,65807,65809],{"className":60,"code":65808,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[17,65810,65811,65843],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,65812,65813,65815,65817,65819,65821,65823,65825,65827,65829,65831,65833,65835,65837,65839,65841],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,65814,1131],{"class":73},[67,65816,78],{"class":77},[67,65818,82],{"class":81},[67,65820,240],{"class":239},[67,65822,689],{"class":243},[67,65824,240],{"class":239},[67,65826,89],{"class":81},[67,65828,251],{"class":239},[67,65830,698],{"class":243},[67,65832,240],{"class":239},[67,65834,89],{"class":81},[67,65836,251],{"class":239},[67,65838,707],{"class":243},[67,65840,240],{"class":239},[67,65842,100],{"class":81},[67,65844,65845,65847,65849,65851,65853,65855,65857,65859,65861,65863],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,65846,135],{"class":134},[67,65848,138],{"class":81},[67,65850,1141],{"class":117},[67,65852,114],{"class":81},[67,65854,373],{"class":117},[67,65856,138],{"class":81},[67,65858,240],{"class":239},[67,65860,716],{"class":243},[67,65862,240],{"class":239},[67,65864,1426],{"class":81},[14,65866,39832,65867,65870],{},[17,65868,65869],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65872,65873],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[58,65875,65877],{"className":60,"code":65876,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[17,65878,65879,65911,65924,65928,65941,65960,65966],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,65880,65881,65883,65885,65887,65889,65891,65893,65895,65897,65899,65901,65903,65905,65907,65909],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,65882,1131],{"class":73},[67,65884,78],{"class":77},[67,65886,82],{"class":81},[67,65888,240],{"class":239},[67,65890,689],{"class":243},[67,65892,240],{"class":239},[67,65894,89],{"class":81},[67,65896,251],{"class":239},[67,65898,698],{"class":243},[67,65900,240],{"class":239},[67,65902,89],{"class":81},[67,65904,251],{"class":239},[67,65906,707],{"class":243},[67,65908,240],{"class":239},[67,65910,100],{"class":81},[67,65912,65913,65916,65918,65920,65922],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,65914,65915],{"class":73},"search_value ",[67,65917,78],{"class":77},[67,65919,251],{"class":239},[67,65921,716],{"class":243},[67,65923,3547],{"class":239},[67,65925,65926],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,65927,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,65929,65930,65932,65935,65937,65939],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,65931,1217],{"class":1167},[67,65933,65934],{"class":73}," search_value ",[67,65936,4074],{"class":77},[67,65938,1220],{"class":73},[67,65940,1223],{"class":81},[67,65942,65943,65945,65947,65949,65951,65953,65955,65958],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,65944,1228],{"class":134},[67,65946,138],{"class":81},[67,65948,1141],{"class":117},[67,65950,114],{"class":81},[67,65952,373],{"class":117},[67,65954,138],{"class":81},[67,65956,65957],{"class":117},"search_value",[67,65959,1426],{"class":81},[67,65961,65962,65964],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,65963,1244],{"class":1167},[67,65965,1223],{"class":81},[67,65967,65968,65970,65972,65974,65977,65979],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,65969,1228],{"class":134},[67,65971,138],{"class":81},[67,65973,240],{"class":239},[67,65975,65976],{"class":243},"Item not found",[67,65978,240],{"class":239},[67,65980,144],{"class":81},[14,65982,159],{},[58,65984,65986],{"className":60,"code":65985,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Item not found\n",[17,65987,65988],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,65989,65990,65993,65995],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,65991,65992],{"class":73},"Item ",[67,65994,4820],{"class":77},[67,65996,65997],{"class":73}," found\n",[14,65999,66000],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,66002,66003,66004,114],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[45,66005,66007],{"href":66006},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[53,66009,4707],{"id":4706},[14,66011,21400,66012,1161],{},[17,66013,945],{},[25,66015,66016,66033,66045,66105],{},[28,66017,25963,66018,2584,66020,66022,66023,66025,66026,5350,66028,66030,66031,114],{},[17,66019,59136],{},[17,66021,935],{}," if the item is missing",[10033,66024],{},"\nPython does ",[3934,66027,4820],{},[17,66029,935],{},". It raises ",[17,66032,40883],{},[28,66034,66035,66036,66038,66041,66042,66044],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10033,66037],{},[17,66039,66040],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[17,66043,65442],{},", not the value itself.",[28,66046,8604,66047,11279,66050,66052,66054,66055,16843,66057,66080,16831,66082],{},[17,66048,66049],{},"index[]",[17,66051,59136],{},[10033,66053],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10033,66056],{},[58,66058,66060],{"className":60,"code":66059,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[17,66061,66062],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,66063,66064,66066,66068,66070,66072,66074,66076,66078],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,66065,1141],{"class":73},[67,66067,114],{"class":81},[67,66069,373],{"class":117},[67,66071,138],{"class":81},[67,66073,240],{"class":239},[67,66075,698],{"class":243},[67,66077,240],{"class":239},[67,66079,144],{"class":81},[10033,66081],{},[58,66083,66085],{"className":60,"code":66084,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[17,66086,66087],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,66088,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099,66101,66103],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,66090,1141],{"class":73},[67,66092,114],{"class":81},[67,66094,373],{"class":24938},[67,66096,174],{"class":81},[67,66098,240],{"class":239},[67,66100,698],{"class":243},[67,66102,240],{"class":239},[67,66104,100],{"class":81},[28,66106,66107,66108,66110,961,66113,66115,66116],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10033,66109],{},[17,66111,66112],{},"\"3\"",[17,66114,2251],{}," are different values in Python.",[58,66117,66119],{"className":60,"code":66118,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[17,66120,66121,66141],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,66122,66123,66125,66127,66129,66131,66133,66135,66137,66139],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,66124,74],{"class":73},[67,66126,78],{"class":77},[67,66128,82],{"class":81},[67,66130,464],{"class":85},[67,66132,89],{"class":81},[67,66134,3182],{"class":85},[67,66136,89],{"class":81},[67,66138,2639],{"class":85},[67,66140,100],{"class":81},[67,66142,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157,66159],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,66144,135],{"class":134},[67,66146,138],{"class":81},[67,66148,240],{"class":239},[67,66150,2251],{"class":243},[67,66152,240],{"class":239},[67,66154,21362],{"class":1167},[67,66156,111],{"class":117},[67,66158,3849],{"class":81},[67,66160,4961],{"class":3852},[14,66162,66163],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[58,66165,66167],{"className":60,"code":66166,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[17,66168,66169,66179,66193,66207],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,66170,66171,66173,66175,66177],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,66172,135],{"class":134},[67,66174,138],{"class":81},[67,66176,1953],{"class":117},[67,66178,144],{"class":81},[67,66180,66181,66183,66185,66187,66189,66191],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,66182,135],{"class":134},[67,66184,138],{"class":81},[67,66186,2011],{"class":362},[67,66188,138],{"class":81},[67,66190,65957],{"class":117},[67,66192,1426],{"class":81},[67,66194,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203,66205],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,66196,135],{"class":134},[67,66198,138],{"class":81},[67,66200,65915],{"class":117},[67,66202,4074],{"class":1167},[67,66204,8582],{"class":117},[67,66206,144],{"class":81},[67,66208,66209,66211,66213,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,66210,135],{"class":134},[67,66212,138],{"class":81},[67,66214,1953],{"class":117},[67,66216,114],{"class":81},[67,66218,373],{"class":117},[67,66220,138],{"class":81},[67,66222,65957],{"class":117},[67,66224,1426],{"class":81},[14,66226,66227],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,66229,66230],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[25,66232,66233,66236,66243,66249],{},[28,66234,66235],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[28,66237,66238,66239,11279,66241],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[17,66240,66112],{},[17,66242,2251],{},[28,66244,66245,66246,66248],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[17,66247,59136],{}," returns only the first one",[28,66250,66251],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[53,66253,5151,66255],{"id":66254},"when-to-use-index",[17,66256,59136],{},[14,66258,185,66259,1671],{},[17,66260,59136],{},[25,66262,66263,66266,66269],{},[28,66264,66265],{},"You need the position of a known value",[28,66267,66268],{},"You are working with a small list",[28,66270,66271],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,66273,66274],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[53,66276,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,66278,5331,66280,5334],{"id":66279},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[17,66281,945],{},[14,66283,66284],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1109,66286,12894,66288,5350,66290,66292],{"id":66287},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[17,66289,945],{},[17,66291,935],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,66294,66295,66296,6823],{},"No. It raises ",[17,66297,40883],{},[1109,66299,5359,66301,66303],{"id":66300},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[17,66302,945],{}," find all matching items?",[14,66305,66306],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1109,66308,66310,66311,2681],{"id":66309},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[17,66312,59136],{},[14,66314,66315,66316,961,66318,66320],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[17,66317,36256],{},[17,66319,52838],{}," arguments.",[53,66322,2094],{"id":2093},[25,66324,66325,66329,66333,66337],{},[28,66326,66327],{},[45,66328,59125],{"href":65463},[28,66330,66331],{},[45,66332,531],{"href":54745},[28,66334,66335],{},[45,66336,66007],{"href":66006},[28,66338,66339],{},[45,66340,55690,66341,946],{"href":59195},[17,66342,57459],{},[2122,66344,66345],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":66347},[66348,66349,66351,66352,66353,66354,66355,66357,66358,66359,66361,66371],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":65130,"depth":103,"text":66350},"What list.index() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":38199,"depth":103,"text":38200},{"id":65338,"depth":103,"text":65339},{"id":65467,"depth":103,"text":65468},{"id":65574,"depth":103,"text":66356},"Using start and end",{"id":65797,"depth":103,"text":65798},{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707},{"id":66254,"depth":103,"text":66360},"When to use index()",{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":66362},[66363,66365,66367,66369],{"id":66279,"depth":124,"text":66364},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66287,"depth":124,"text":66366},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66300,"depth":124,"text":66368},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66309,"depth":124,"text":66370},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65022,"description":66372},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66379,"title":66380,"body":66381,"description":68323,"extension":2153,"meta":68324,"navigation":127,"path":68325,"seo":68326,"stem":68327,"__hash__":68328},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66382,"toc":68283},[66383,66388,66393,66396,66405,66462,66468,66473,66477,66491,66497,66499,66522,66539,66541,66602,66604,66636,66649,66651,66654,66754,66756,66834,66840,66844,66852,66856,66862,66917,66919,66943,66947,66950,67003,67005,67029,67033,67036,67089,67091,67115,67119,67125,67196,67198,67239,67245,67252,67255,67260,67268,67273,67281,67283,67380,67382,67451,67458,67463,67465,67469,67474,67476,67547,67549,67578,67584,67586,67613,67616,67639,67643,67646,67668,67671,67694,67696,67756,67758,67790,67796,67801,67854,67856,67881,67884,67933,67935,67956,67960,67965,67968,68023,68025,68052,68059,68063,68068,68139,68142,68156,68161,68166,68168,68182,68194,68199,68201,68206,68211,68215,68218,68224,68230,68237,68245,68247,68280],[10,66384,54517,66386,11509],{"id":66385},"python-list-insert-method",[17,66387,54443],{},[14,66389,66390,66392],{},[17,66391,54086],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66394,66395],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66397,185,66398,66400,66401,114],{},[17,66399,54443],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[45,66402,55690,66403,946],{"href":56937},[17,66404,52830],{},[58,66406,66408],{"className":60,"code":66407,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,66409,66410,66430,66448,66458],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,66411,66412,66414,66416,66418,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,66413,74],{"class":73},[67,66415,78],{"class":77},[67,66417,82],{"class":81},[67,66419,464],{"class":85},[67,66421,89],{"class":81},[67,66423,3182],{"class":85},[67,66425,89],{"class":81},[67,66427,2645],{"class":85},[67,66429,100],{"class":81},[67,66431,66432,66434,66436,66438,66440,66442,66444,66446],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,66433,154],{"class":73},[67,66435,114],{"class":81},[67,66437,54126],{"class":117},[67,66439,138],{"class":81},[67,66441,2245],{"class":85},[67,66443,89],{"class":81},[67,66445,2639],{"class":85},[67,66447,144],{"class":81},[67,66449,66450,66452,66454,66456],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,66451,135],{"class":134},[67,66453,138],{"class":81},[67,66455,154],{"class":117},[67,66457,144],{"class":81},[67,66459,66460],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,66461,52901],{"class":3852},[14,66463,185,66464,66467],{},[17,66465,66466],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[53,66469,3867,66471,3870],{"id":66470},"what-listinsert-does",[17,66472,54086],{},[14,66474,66475,1161],{},[17,66476,54086],{},[25,66478,66479,66482,66485,66487],{},[28,66480,66481],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[28,66483,66484],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[28,66486,54603],{},[28,66488,11611,66489],{},[17,66490,1103],{},[14,66492,66493,66494,66496],{},"That last point is important. ",[17,66495,54443],{}," does not create a new list.",[53,66498,5622],{"id":5621},[58,66500,66502],{"className":60,"code":66501,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[17,66503,66504],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,66505,66506,66508,66510,66512,66514,66516,66518,66520],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,66507,1953],{"class":73},[67,66509,114],{"class":81},[67,66511,54126],{"class":117},[67,66513,138],{"class":81},[67,66515,373],{"class":117},[67,66517,89],{"class":81},[67,66519,29694],{"class":117},[67,66521,144],{"class":81},[25,66523,66524,66529,66534],{},[28,66525,66526,66528],{},[17,66527,373],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[28,66530,66531,66533],{},[17,66532,479],{}," is the value to add",[28,66535,66536,66537],{},"The first list position is index ",[17,66538,1031],{},[14,66540,222],{},[58,66542,66544],{"className":60,"code":66543,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,66545,66546,66570,66592],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,66547,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564,66566,66568],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,66549,411],{"class":73},[67,66551,78],{"class":77},[67,66553,82],{"class":81},[67,66555,240],{"class":239},[67,66557,45],{"class":243},[67,66559,240],{"class":239},[67,66561,89],{"class":81},[67,66563,251],{"class":239},[67,66565,437],{"class":243},[67,66567,240],{"class":239},[67,66569,100],{"class":81},[67,66571,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,66573,490],{"class":73},[67,66575,114],{"class":81},[67,66577,54126],{"class":117},[67,66579,138],{"class":81},[67,66581,464],{"class":85},[67,66583,89],{"class":81},[67,66585,251],{"class":239},[67,66587,428],{"class":243},[67,66589,240],{"class":239},[67,66591,144],{"class":81},[67,66593,66594,66596,66598,66600],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,66595,135],{"class":134},[67,66597,138],{"class":81},[67,66599,490],{"class":117},[67,66601,144],{"class":81},[14,66603,159],{},[58,66605,66606],{"className":60,"code":43055,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,66607,66608],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,66609,66610,66612,66614,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632,66634],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,66611,174],{"class":81},[67,66613,333],{"class":239},[67,66615,45],{"class":243},[67,66617,333],{"class":239},[67,66619,89],{"class":81},[67,66621,342],{"class":239},[67,66623,428],{"class":243},[67,66625,333],{"class":239},[67,66627,89],{"class":81},[67,66629,342],{"class":239},[67,66631,437],{"class":243},[67,66633,333],{"class":239},[67,66635,100],{"class":81},[14,66637,20959,66638,66640,66641,66643,66644,961,66646,114],{},[17,66639,65763],{}," is inserted at index ",[17,66642,464],{},", so it appears between ",[17,66645,18283],{},[17,66647,66648],{},"\"c\"",[53,66650,5979],{"id":5978},[14,66652,66653],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[58,66655,66657],{"className":60,"code":66656,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[17,66658,66659,66691,66709,66713,66735],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,66660,66661,66663,66665,66667,66669,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,66662,232],{"class":73},[67,66664,78],{"class":77},[67,66666,82],{"class":81},[67,66668,240],{"class":239},[67,66670,244],{"class":243},[67,66672,240],{"class":239},[67,66674,89],{"class":81},[67,66676,251],{"class":239},[67,66678,263],{"class":243},[67,66680,240],{"class":239},[67,66682,89],{"class":81},[67,66684,251],{"class":239},[67,66686,254],{"class":243},[67,66688,240],{"class":239},[67,66690,100],{"class":81},[67,66692,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,66694,135],{"class":134},[67,66696,138],{"class":81},[67,66698,240],{"class":239},[67,66700,11752],{"class":243},[67,66702,240],{"class":239},[67,66704,89],{"class":81},[67,66706,281],{"class":117},[67,66708,144],{"class":81},[67,66710,66711],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,66712,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,66714,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,66716,312],{"class":73},[67,66718,114],{"class":81},[67,66720,54126],{"class":117},[67,66722,138],{"class":81},[67,66724,464],{"class":85},[67,66726,89],{"class":81},[67,66728,251],{"class":239},[67,66730,22713],{"class":243},[67,66732,240],{"class":239},[67,66734,144],{"class":81},[67,66736,66737,66739,66741,66743,66746,66748,66750,66752],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,66738,135],{"class":134},[67,66740,138],{"class":81},[67,66742,240],{"class":239},[67,66744,66745],{"class":243},"After: ",[67,66747,240],{"class":239},[67,66749,89],{"class":81},[67,66751,281],{"class":117},[67,66753,144],{"class":81},[14,66755,159],{},[58,66757,66759],{"className":60,"code":66758,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[17,66760,66761,66793],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,66762,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789,66791],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,66764,11812],{"class":73},[67,66766,1161],{"class":81},[67,66768,82],{"class":81},[67,66770,333],{"class":239},[67,66772,244],{"class":243},[67,66774,333],{"class":239},[67,66776,89],{"class":81},[67,66778,342],{"class":239},[67,66780,263],{"class":243},[67,66782,333],{"class":239},[67,66784,89],{"class":81},[67,66786,342],{"class":239},[67,66788,254],{"class":243},[67,66790,333],{"class":239},[67,66792,100],{"class":81},[67,66794,66795,66797,66799,66802,66804,66806,66808,66810,66812,66814,66816,66818,66820,66822,66824,66826,66828,66830,66832],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,66796,11865],{"class":73},[67,66798,1161],{"class":81},[67,66800,66801],{"class":81},"  [",[67,66803,333],{"class":239},[67,66805,244],{"class":243},[67,66807,333],{"class":239},[67,66809,89],{"class":81},[67,66811,342],{"class":239},[67,66813,22713],{"class":243},[67,66815,333],{"class":239},[67,66817,89],{"class":81},[67,66819,342],{"class":239},[67,66821,263],{"class":243},[67,66823,333],{"class":239},[67,66825,89],{"class":81},[67,66827,342],{"class":239},[67,66829,254],{"class":243},[67,66831,333],{"class":239},[67,66833,100],{"class":81},[14,66835,66836,66837,66839],{},"The new value appears at index ",[17,66838,464],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[53,66841,66843],{"id":66842},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66845,379,66846,35515,66848,66851],{},[17,66847,373],{},[17,66849,66850],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1109,66853,66855],{"id":66854},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66857,66858,66859,66861],{},"Use index ",[17,66860,1031],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[58,66863,66865],{"className":60,"code":66864,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[17,66866,66867,66888,66907],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,66868,66869,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,66870,66871],{"class":73},"nums ",[67,66873,78],{"class":77},[67,66875,82],{"class":81},[67,66877,2245],{"class":85},[67,66879,89],{"class":81},[67,66881,2639],{"class":85},[67,66883,89],{"class":81},[67,66885,2645],{"class":85},[67,66887,100],{"class":81},[67,66889,66890,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,66891,66892],{"class":73},"nums",[67,66894,114],{"class":81},[67,66896,54126],{"class":117},[67,66898,138],{"class":81},[67,66900,1031],{"class":85},[67,66902,89],{"class":81},[67,66904,5689],{"class":85},[67,66906,144],{"class":81},[67,66908,66909,66911,66913,66915],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,66910,135],{"class":134},[67,66912,138],{"class":81},[67,66914,66892],{"class":117},[67,66916,144],{"class":81},[14,66918,159],{},[58,66920,66921],{"className":60,"code":53680,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,66922,66923],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,66924,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939,66941],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,66926,174],{"class":81},[67,66928,464],{"class":85},[67,66930,89],{"class":81},[67,66932,3182],{"class":85},[67,66934,89],{"class":81},[67,66936,2639],{"class":85},[67,66938,89],{"class":81},[67,66940,2645],{"class":85},[67,66942,100],{"class":81},[1109,66944,66946],{"id":66945},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66948,66949],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[58,66951,66953],{"className":60,"code":66952,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[17,66954,66955,66975,66993],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,66956,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,66958,66871],{"class":73},[67,66960,78],{"class":77},[67,66962,82],{"class":81},[67,66964,464],{"class":85},[67,66966,89],{"class":81},[67,66968,3182],{"class":85},[67,66970,89],{"class":81},[67,66972,2645],{"class":85},[67,66974,100],{"class":81},[67,66976,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,66978,66892],{"class":73},[67,66980,114],{"class":81},[67,66982,54126],{"class":117},[67,66984,138],{"class":81},[67,66986,2245],{"class":85},[67,66988,89],{"class":81},[67,66990,2639],{"class":85},[67,66992,144],{"class":81},[67,66994,66995,66997,66999,67001],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,66996,135],{"class":134},[67,66998,138],{"class":81},[67,67000,66892],{"class":117},[67,67002,144],{"class":81},[14,67004,159],{},[58,67006,67007],{"className":60,"code":53680,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,67008,67009],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67010,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67012,174],{"class":81},[67,67014,464],{"class":85},[67,67016,89],{"class":81},[67,67018,3182],{"class":85},[67,67020,89],{"class":81},[67,67022,2639],{"class":85},[67,67024,89],{"class":81},[67,67026,2645],{"class":85},[67,67028,100],{"class":81},[1109,67030,67032],{"id":67031},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,67034,67035],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[58,67037,67039],{"className":60,"code":67038,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[17,67040,67041,67061,67079],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67042,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055,67057,67059],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67044,66871],{"class":73},[67,67046,78],{"class":77},[67,67048,82],{"class":81},[67,67050,464],{"class":85},[67,67052,89],{"class":81},[67,67054,3182],{"class":85},[67,67056,89],{"class":81},[67,67058,2639],{"class":85},[67,67060,100],{"class":81},[67,67062,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,67064,66892],{"class":73},[67,67066,114],{"class":81},[67,67068,54126],{"class":117},[67,67070,138],{"class":81},[67,67072,86],{"class":85},[67,67074,89],{"class":81},[67,67076,2645],{"class":85},[67,67078,144],{"class":81},[67,67080,67081,67083,67085,67087],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,67082,135],{"class":134},[67,67084,138],{"class":81},[67,67086,66892],{"class":117},[67,67088,144],{"class":81},[14,67090,159],{},[58,67092,67093],{"className":60,"code":53680,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,67094,67095],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67096,67097,67099,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109,67111,67113],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67098,174],{"class":81},[67,67100,464],{"class":85},[67,67102,89],{"class":81},[67,67104,3182],{"class":85},[67,67106,89],{"class":81},[67,67108,2639],{"class":85},[67,67110,89],{"class":81},[67,67112,2645],{"class":85},[67,67114,100],{"class":81},[1109,67116,67118],{"id":67117},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,67120,67121,67122,67124],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[17,67123,54443],{}," places the item before that position.",[58,67126,67128],{"className":60,"code":67127,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,67129,67130,67162,67186],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67131,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67133,411],{"class":73},[67,67135,78],{"class":77},[67,67137,82],{"class":81},[67,67139,240],{"class":239},[67,67141,45],{"class":243},[67,67143,240],{"class":239},[67,67145,89],{"class":81},[67,67147,251],{"class":239},[67,67149,428],{"class":243},[67,67151,240],{"class":239},[67,67153,89],{"class":81},[67,67155,251],{"class":239},[67,67157,18955],{"class":243},[67,67159,240],{"class":239},[67,67161,100],{"class":81},[67,67163,67164,67166,67168,67170,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,67165,490],{"class":73},[67,67167,114],{"class":81},[67,67169,54126],{"class":117},[67,67171,138],{"class":81},[67,67173,869],{"class":77},[67,67175,464],{"class":85},[67,67177,89],{"class":81},[67,67179,251],{"class":239},[67,67181,437],{"class":243},[67,67183,240],{"class":239},[67,67185,144],{"class":81},[67,67187,67188,67190,67192,67194],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,67189,135],{"class":134},[67,67191,138],{"class":81},[67,67193,490],{"class":117},[67,67195,144],{"class":81},[14,67197,159],{},[58,67199,67201],{"className":60,"code":67200,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[17,67202,67203],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67204,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217,67219,67221,67223,67225,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67206,174],{"class":81},[67,67208,333],{"class":239},[67,67210,45],{"class":243},[67,67212,333],{"class":239},[67,67214,89],{"class":81},[67,67216,342],{"class":239},[67,67218,428],{"class":243},[67,67220,333],{"class":239},[67,67222,89],{"class":81},[67,67224,342],{"class":239},[67,67226,437],{"class":243},[67,67228,333],{"class":239},[67,67230,89],{"class":81},[67,67232,342],{"class":239},[67,67234,18955],{"class":243},[67,67236,333],{"class":239},[67,67238,100],{"class":81},[14,67240,67241,67242,2491],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[45,67243,67244],{"href":530},"Python lists beginner guide",[53,67246,67248,10773,67250],{"id":67247},"insert-vs-append",[17,67249,54443],{},[17,67251,52830],{},[14,67253,67254],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1109,67256,185,67258,1671],{"id":67257},"use-insert-when",[17,67259,54443],{},[25,67261,67262,67265],{},[28,67263,67264],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[28,67266,67267],{},"The order of the list matters",[1109,67269,185,67271,1671],{"id":67270},"use-append-when",[17,67272,52830],{},[25,67274,67275,67278],{},[28,67276,67277],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[28,67279,67280],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,67282,222],{},[58,67284,67286],{"className":60,"code":67285,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[17,67287,67288,67312,67316,67338,67348,67352,67370],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67289,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302,67304,67306,67308,67310],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67291,1131],{"class":73},[67,67293,78],{"class":77},[67,67295,82],{"class":81},[67,67297,240],{"class":239},[67,67299,689],{"class":243},[67,67301,240],{"class":239},[67,67303,89],{"class":81},[67,67305,251],{"class":239},[67,67307,716],{"class":243},[67,67309,240],{"class":239},[67,67311,100],{"class":81},[67,67313,67314],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,67315,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,67317,67318,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334,67336],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,67319,1141],{"class":73},[67,67321,114],{"class":81},[67,67323,54126],{"class":117},[67,67325,138],{"class":81},[67,67327,464],{"class":85},[67,67329,89],{"class":81},[67,67331,251],{"class":239},[67,67333,698],{"class":243},[67,67335,240],{"class":239},[67,67337,144],{"class":81},[67,67339,67340,67342,67344,67346],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,67341,135],{"class":134},[67,67343,138],{"class":81},[67,67345,1141],{"class":117},[67,67347,144],{"class":81},[67,67349,67350],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,67351,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,67353,67354,67356,67358,67360,67362,67364,67366,67368],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,67355,1141],{"class":73},[67,67357,114],{"class":81},[67,67359,13739],{"class":117},[67,67361,138],{"class":81},[67,67363,240],{"class":239},[67,67365,22722],{"class":243},[67,67367,240],{"class":239},[67,67369,144],{"class":81},[67,67371,67372,67374,67376,67378],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,67373,135],{"class":134},[67,67375,138],{"class":81},[67,67377,1141],{"class":117},[67,67379,144],{"class":81},[14,67381,159],{},[58,67383,67385],{"className":60,"code":67384,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[17,67386,67387,67415],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67388,67389,67391,67393,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67390,174],{"class":81},[67,67392,333],{"class":239},[67,67394,689],{"class":243},[67,67396,333],{"class":239},[67,67398,89],{"class":81},[67,67400,342],{"class":239},[67,67402,698],{"class":243},[67,67404,333],{"class":239},[67,67406,89],{"class":81},[67,67408,342],{"class":239},[67,67410,716],{"class":243},[67,67412,333],{"class":239},[67,67414,100],{"class":81},[67,67416,67417,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437,67439,67441,67443,67445,67447,67449],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,67418,174],{"class":81},[67,67420,333],{"class":239},[67,67422,689],{"class":243},[67,67424,333],{"class":239},[67,67426,89],{"class":81},[67,67428,342],{"class":239},[67,67430,698],{"class":243},[67,67432,333],{"class":239},[67,67434,89],{"class":81},[67,67436,342],{"class":239},[67,67438,716],{"class":243},[67,67440,333],{"class":239},[67,67442,89],{"class":81},[67,67444,342],{"class":239},[67,67446,22722],{"class":243},[67,67448,333],{"class":239},[67,67450,100],{"class":81},[14,67452,67453,67454,114],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[45,67455,55690,67456,946],{"href":56937},[17,67457,52830],{},[14,67459,67460,67461,114],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[45,67462,53224],{"href":53223},[53,67464,4707],{"id":4706},[14,67466,14920,67467,114],{},[17,67468,54443],{},[1109,67470,12784,67472],{"id":67471},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[17,67473,54443],{},[14,67475,25879],{},[58,67477,67479],{"className":60,"code":67478,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,67480,67481,67501,67523,67527,67537],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67482,67483,67485,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67484,74],{"class":73},[67,67486,78],{"class":77},[67,67488,82],{"class":81},[67,67490,464],{"class":85},[67,67492,89],{"class":81},[67,67494,3182],{"class":85},[67,67496,89],{"class":81},[67,67498,2639],{"class":85},[67,67500,100],{"class":81},[67,67502,67503,67505,67507,67509,67511,67513,67515,67517,67519,67521],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,67504,2416],{"class":73},[67,67506,78],{"class":77},[67,67508,111],{"class":73},[67,67510,114],{"class":81},[67,67512,54126],{"class":117},[67,67514,138],{"class":81},[67,67516,464],{"class":85},[67,67518,89],{"class":81},[67,67520,10384],{"class":85},[67,67522,144],{"class":81},[67,67524,67525],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,67526,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,67528,67529,67531,67533,67535],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,67530,135],{"class":134},[67,67532,138],{"class":81},[67,67534,2451],{"class":117},[67,67536,144],{"class":81},[67,67538,67539,67541,67543,67545],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,67540,135],{"class":134},[67,67542,138],{"class":81},[67,67544,154],{"class":117},[67,67546,144],{"class":81},[14,67548,159],{},[58,67550,67552],{"className":60,"code":67551,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[17,67553,67554,67558],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67555,67556],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67557,11997],{"class":4043},[67,67559,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570,67572,67574,67576],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,67561,174],{"class":81},[67,67563,464],{"class":85},[67,67565,89],{"class":81},[67,67567,10384],{"class":85},[67,67569,89],{"class":81},[67,67571,3182],{"class":85},[67,67573,89],{"class":81},[67,67575,2639],{"class":85},[67,67577,100],{"class":81},[14,67579,67580,54328,67582,114],{},[17,67581,54443],{},[17,67583,1103],{},[14,67585,16831],{},[58,67587,67589],{"className":60,"code":67588,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[17,67590,67591],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67592,67593,67595,67597,67599,67601,67603,67605,67607,67609,67611],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67594,56059],{"class":73},[67,67596,78],{"class":77},[67,67598,111],{"class":73},[67,67600,114],{"class":81},[67,67602,54126],{"class":117},[67,67604,138],{"class":81},[67,67606,464],{"class":85},[67,67608,89],{"class":81},[67,67610,10384],{"class":85},[67,67612,144],{"class":81},[14,67614,67615],{},"Right:",[58,67617,67619],{"className":60,"code":67618,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[17,67620,67621],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67622,67623,67625,67627,67629,67631,67633,67635,67637],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67624,154],{"class":73},[67,67626,114],{"class":81},[67,67628,54126],{"class":117},[67,67630,138],{"class":81},[67,67632,464],{"class":85},[67,67634,89],{"class":81},[67,67636,10384],{"class":85},[67,67638,144],{"class":81},[1109,67640,67642],{"id":67641},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67644,67645],{},"The correct order is:",[58,67647,67648],{"className":60,"code":66501,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,67649,67650],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67651,67652,67654,67656,67658,67660,67662,67664,67666],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67653,1953],{"class":73},[67,67655,114],{"class":81},[67,67657,54126],{"class":117},[67,67659,138],{"class":81},[67,67661,373],{"class":117},[67,67663,89],{"class":81},[67,67665,29694],{"class":117},[67,67667,144],{"class":81},[14,67669,67670],{},"Not:",[58,67672,67674],{"className":60,"code":67673,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[17,67675,67676],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67677,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686,67688,67690,67692],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67679,1953],{"class":73},[67,67681,114],{"class":81},[67,67683,54126],{"class":117},[67,67685,138],{"class":81},[67,67687,479],{"class":117},[67,67689,89],{"class":81},[67,67691,36007],{"class":117},[67,67693,144],{"class":81},[14,67695,222],{},[58,67697,67698],{"className":60,"code":66543,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,67699,67700,67724,67746],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67701,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714,67716,67718,67720,67722],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67703,411],{"class":73},[67,67705,78],{"class":77},[67,67707,82],{"class":81},[67,67709,240],{"class":239},[67,67711,45],{"class":243},[67,67713,240],{"class":239},[67,67715,89],{"class":81},[67,67717,251],{"class":239},[67,67719,437],{"class":243},[67,67721,240],{"class":239},[67,67723,100],{"class":81},[67,67725,67726,67728,67730,67732,67734,67736,67738,67740,67742,67744],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,67727,490],{"class":73},[67,67729,114],{"class":81},[67,67731,54126],{"class":117},[67,67733,138],{"class":81},[67,67735,464],{"class":85},[67,67737,89],{"class":81},[67,67739,251],{"class":239},[67,67741,428],{"class":243},[67,67743,240],{"class":239},[67,67745,144],{"class":81},[67,67747,67748,67750,67752,67754],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,67749,135],{"class":134},[67,67751,138],{"class":81},[67,67753,490],{"class":117},[67,67755,144],{"class":81},[14,67757,159],{},[58,67759,67760],{"className":60,"code":43055,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,67761,67762],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67763,67764,67766,67768,67770,67772,67774,67776,67778,67780,67782,67784,67786,67788],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67765,174],{"class":81},[67,67767,333],{"class":239},[67,67769,45],{"class":243},[67,67771,333],{"class":239},[67,67773,89],{"class":81},[67,67775,342],{"class":239},[67,67777,428],{"class":243},[67,67779,333],{"class":239},[67,67781,89],{"class":81},[67,67783,342],{"class":239},[67,67785,437],{"class":243},[67,67787,333],{"class":239},[67,67789,100],{"class":81},[1109,67791,1930,67793,67795],{"id":67792},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[17,67794,54443],{}," to replace an item",[14,67797,67798,67800],{},[17,67799,54443],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[58,67802,67804],{"className":60,"code":67803,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,67805,67806,67826,67844],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67807,67808,67810,67812,67814,67816,67818,67820,67822,67824],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67809,74],{"class":73},[67,67811,78],{"class":77},[67,67813,82],{"class":81},[67,67815,464],{"class":85},[67,67817,89],{"class":81},[67,67819,3182],{"class":85},[67,67821,89],{"class":81},[67,67823,2639],{"class":85},[67,67825,100],{"class":81},[67,67827,67828,67830,67832,67834,67836,67838,67840,67842],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,67829,154],{"class":73},[67,67831,114],{"class":81},[67,67833,54126],{"class":117},[67,67835,138],{"class":81},[67,67837,464],{"class":85},[67,67839,89],{"class":81},[67,67841,10384],{"class":85},[67,67843,144],{"class":81},[67,67845,67846,67848,67850,67852],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,67847,135],{"class":134},[67,67849,138],{"class":81},[67,67851,154],{"class":117},[67,67853,144],{"class":81},[14,67855,159],{},[58,67857,67859],{"className":60,"code":67858,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[17,67860,67861],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67862,67863,67865,67867,67869,67871,67873,67875,67877,67879],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67864,174],{"class":81},[67,67866,464],{"class":85},[67,67868,89],{"class":81},[67,67870,10384],{"class":85},[67,67872,89],{"class":81},[67,67874,3182],{"class":85},[67,67876,89],{"class":81},[67,67878,2639],{"class":85},[67,67880,100],{"class":81},[14,67882,67883],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[58,67885,67887],{"className":60,"code":67886,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,67888,67889,67909,67923],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67890,67891,67893,67895,67897,67899,67901,67903,67905,67907],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67892,74],{"class":73},[67,67894,78],{"class":77},[67,67896,82],{"class":81},[67,67898,464],{"class":85},[67,67900,89],{"class":81},[67,67902,3182],{"class":85},[67,67904,89],{"class":81},[67,67906,2639],{"class":85},[67,67908,100],{"class":81},[67,67910,67911,67913,67915,67917,67919,67921],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,67912,154],{"class":73},[67,67914,174],{"class":81},[67,67916,464],{"class":85},[67,67918,13459],{"class":81},[67,67920,13462],{"class":77},[67,67922,14317],{"class":85},[67,67924,67925,67927,67929,67931],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,67926,135],{"class":134},[67,67928,138],{"class":81},[67,67930,154],{"class":117},[67,67932,144],{"class":81},[14,67934,159],{},[58,67936,67938],{"className":60,"code":67937,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[17,67939,67940],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67941,67942,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67943,174],{"class":81},[67,67945,464],{"class":85},[67,67947,89],{"class":81},[67,67949,10384],{"class":85},[67,67951,89],{"class":81},[67,67953,2639],{"class":85},[67,67955,100],{"class":81},[1109,67957,67959],{"id":67958},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67961,67962,67964],{},[17,67963,54443],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67966,67967],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[58,67969,67971],{"className":60,"code":67970,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,67972,67973,67989,68013],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,67974,67975,67977,67979,67981,67983,67985,67987],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,67976,74],{"class":73},[67,67978,78],{"class":77},[67,67980,82],{"class":81},[67,67982,464],{"class":85},[67,67984,89],{"class":81},[67,67986,2645],{"class":85},[67,67988,100],{"class":81},[67,67990,67991,67993,67995,67997,67999,68001,68003,68005,68007,68009,68011],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,67992,154],{"class":73},[67,67994,114],{"class":81},[67,67996,54126],{"class":117},[67,67998,138],{"class":81},[67,68000,464],{"class":85},[67,68002,89],{"class":81},[67,68004,82],{"class":81},[67,68006,2245],{"class":85},[67,68008,89],{"class":81},[67,68010,2639],{"class":85},[67,68012,376],{"class":81},[67,68014,68015,68017,68019,68021],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,68016,135],{"class":134},[67,68018,138],{"class":81},[67,68020,154],{"class":117},[67,68022,144],{"class":81},[14,68024,159],{},[58,68026,68028],{"className":60,"code":68027,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[17,68029,68030],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68031,68032,68034,68036,68038,68040,68042,68044,68046,68048,68050],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68033,174],{"class":81},[67,68035,464],{"class":85},[67,68037,89],{"class":81},[67,68039,82],{"class":81},[67,68041,2245],{"class":85},[67,68043,89],{"class":81},[67,68045,2639],{"class":85},[67,68047,18249],{"class":81},[67,68049,2645],{"class":85},[67,68051,100],{"class":81},[14,68053,68054,68055,114],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[45,68056,55690,68057,946],{"href":53519},[17,68058,53621],{},[1109,68060,68062],{"id":68061},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,68064,9061,68065,68067],{},[17,68066,54443],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[58,68069,68071],{"className":60,"code":68070,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[17,68072,68073,68083,68097,68115,68129],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68074,68075,68077,68079,68081],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68076,135],{"class":134},[67,68078,138],{"class":81},[67,68080,1953],{"class":117},[67,68082,144],{"class":81},[67,68084,68085,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,68086,135],{"class":134},[67,68088,138],{"class":81},[67,68090,1964],{"class":134},[67,68092,138],{"class":81},[67,68094,1953],{"class":117},[67,68096,1426],{"class":81},[67,68098,68099,68101,68103,68105,68107,68109,68111,68113],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,68100,135],{"class":134},[67,68102,138],{"class":81},[67,68104,1953],{"class":117},[67,68106,114],{"class":81},[67,68108,54126],{"class":24938},[67,68110,114],{"class":81},[67,68112,34631],{"class":34638},[67,68114,144],{"class":81},[67,68116,68117,68119,68121,68123,68125,68127],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,68118,32337],{"class":134},[67,68120,138],{"class":81},[67,68122,363],{"class":362},[67,68124,114],{"class":81},[67,68126,54126],{"class":24938},[67,68128,144],{"class":81},[67,68130,68131,68133,68135,68137],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,68132,2011],{"class":362},[67,68134,138],{"class":81},[67,68136,1953],{"class":117},[67,68138,144],{"class":81},[14,68140,68141],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[25,68143,68144,68147,68150,68153],{},[28,68145,68146],{},"What is currently in the list",[28,68148,68149],{},"How long the list is",[28,68151,68152],{},"That you are working with a real list",[28,68154,68155],{},"How Python describes the method",[53,68157,5151,68159],{"id":68158},"when-to-use-insert",[17,68160,54443],{},[14,68162,185,68163,68165],{},[17,68164,54443],{}," when position matters.",[14,68167,36606],{},[25,68169,68170,68173,68176,68179],{},[28,68171,68172],{},"Ordered menus",[28,68174,68175],{},"Rankings or score lists",[28,68177,68178],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[28,68180,68181],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,68183,68184,68185,68187,68188,68190,68191,68193],{},"You usually do ",[3934,68186,4820],{}," need ",[17,68189,54443],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[17,68192,52830],{}," is simpler.",[14,68195,68196,68197,114],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[45,68198,57323],{"href":57322},[53,68200,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,68202,12894,68204,55640],{"id":68203},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[17,68205,54086],{},[14,68207,68208,68209,114],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[17,68210,1103],{},[1109,68212,68214],{"id":68213},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,68216,68217],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1109,68219,5359,68221,68223],{"id":68220},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[17,68222,54086],{}," add multiple items?",[14,68225,68226,68227,68229],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[17,68228,53621],{}," or slicing.",[1109,68231,5369,68233,961,68235,2681],{"id":68232},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[17,68234,54443],{},[17,68236,52830],{},[14,68238,68239,68241,68242,68244],{},[17,68240,54443],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[17,68243,52830],{}," adds only at the end.",[53,68246,2094],{"id":2093},[25,68248,68249,68255,68261,68265,68269,68273],{},[28,68250,68251],{},[45,68252,55690,68253,946],{"href":56937},[17,68254,52830],{},[28,68256,68257],{},[45,68258,55690,68259,946],{"href":53519},[17,68260,53621],{},[28,68262,68263],{},[45,68264,54453],{"href":53223},[28,68266,68267],{},[45,68268,531],{"href":530},[28,68270,68271],{},[45,68272,57397],{"href":57322},[28,68274,68275],{},[45,68276,30531,68277,33818],{"href":54471},[17,68278,68279],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2122,68281,68282],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":68284},[68285,68287,68288,68289,68295,68302,68311,68313,68322],{"id":66470,"depth":103,"text":68286},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5621,"depth":103,"text":5622},{"id":5978,"depth":103,"text":5979},{"id":66842,"depth":103,"text":66843,"children":68290},[68291,68292,68293,68294],{"id":66854,"depth":124,"text":66855},{"id":66945,"depth":124,"text":66946},{"id":67031,"depth":124,"text":67032},{"id":67117,"depth":124,"text":67118},{"id":67247,"depth":103,"text":68296,"children":68297},"insert() vs append()",[68298,68300],{"id":67257,"depth":124,"text":68299},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67270,"depth":124,"text":68301},"Use append() when:",{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":68303},[68304,68306,68307,68309,68310],{"id":67471,"depth":124,"text":68305},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67641,"depth":124,"text":67642},{"id":67792,"depth":124,"text":68308},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67958,"depth":124,"text":67959},{"id":68061,"depth":124,"text":68062},{"id":68158,"depth":103,"text":68312},"When to use insert()",{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":68314},[68315,68317,68318,68320],{"id":68203,"depth":124,"text":68316},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68213,"depth":124,"text":68214},{"id":68220,"depth":124,"text":68319},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68232,"depth":124,"text":68321},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66380,"description":68323},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68330,"title":68331,"body":68332,"description":69884,"extension":2153,"meta":69885,"navigation":127,"path":59141,"seo":69886,"stem":69887,"__hash__":69888},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68333,"toc":69857},[68334,68340,68349,68398,68400,68408,68414,68416,68434,68440,68445,68448,68451,68466,68468,68520,68522,68530,68538,68545,68547,68553,68618,68620,68628,68630,68649,68652,68703,68707,68712,68739,68741,68749,68752,68821,68823,68838,68844,68848,68857,68860,68915,68917,68925,68928,68930,68975,68977,68985,68991,68993,69001,69004,69006,69045,69047,69086,69091,69093,69095,69130,69133,69135,69173,69177,69183,69185,69236,69238,69246,69253,69256,69277,69280,69335,69346,69348,69409,69411,69420,69425,69431,69434,69437,69494,69497,69510,69517,69523,69529,69531,69544,69547,69644,69646,69663,69666,69747,69749,69771,69778,69784,69786,69790,69796,69802,69807,69811,69814,69820,69827,69829,69854],[10,68335,68337,68338,3849],{"id":68336},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[17,68339,1964],{},[14,68341,68342,68343,68345,68346,68348],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[17,68344,1339],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[17,68347,1339],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[58,68350,68352],{"className":60,"code":68351,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[17,68353,68354,68374,68388],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68355,68356,68358,68360,68362,68364,68366,68368,68370,68372],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68357,74],{"class":73},[67,68359,78],{"class":77},[67,68361,82],{"class":81},[67,68363,86],{"class":85},[67,68365,89],{"class":81},[67,68367,92],{"class":85},[67,68369,89],{"class":81},[67,68371,97],{"class":85},[67,68373,100],{"class":81},[67,68375,68376,68378,68380,68382,68384,68386],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,68377,41421],{"class":73},[67,68379,78],{"class":77},[67,68381,1400],{"class":134},[67,68383,138],{"class":81},[67,68385,154],{"class":117},[67,68387,144],{"class":81},[67,68389,68390,68392,68394,68396],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,68391,135],{"class":134},[67,68393,138],{"class":81},[67,68395,41439],{"class":117},[67,68397,144],{"class":81},[14,68399,159],{},[58,68401,68402],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,68403,68404],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68405,68406],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68407,46795],{"class":85},[14,68409,185,68410,68413],{},[17,68411,68412],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[53,68415,15350],{"id":15349},[25,68417,68418,68423,68428,68431],{},[28,68419,4387,68420,68422],{},[17,68421,1339],{}," works with Python lists",[28,68424,68425,68426,11894],{},"What value ",[17,68427,1339],{},[28,68429,68430],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[28,68432,68433],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[53,68435,3867,68437,68439],{"id":68436},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[17,68438,1339],{}," returns for a list",[14,68441,68442,65253],{},[17,68443,68444],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68446,68447],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68449,68450],{},"A few important points:",[25,68452,68453,68456,68461],{},[28,68454,68455],{},"It counts list items",[28,68457,41085,68458,68460],{},[3934,68459,4820],{}," count characters inside a string item",[28,68462,68463,68464],{},"An empty list returns ",[17,68465,1031],{},[14,68467,222],{},[58,68469,68471],{"className":60,"code":68470,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[17,68472,68473,68506],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68474,68475,68477,68479,68481,68483,68485,68487,68489,68491,68494,68496,68498,68500,68502,68504],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68476,4261],{"class":73},[67,68478,78],{"class":77},[67,68480,82],{"class":81},[67,68482,240],{"class":239},[67,68484,37227],{"class":243},[67,68486,240],{"class":239},[67,68488,89],{"class":81},[67,68490,251],{"class":239},[67,68492,68493],{"class":243},"elephant",[67,68495,240],{"class":239},[67,68497,89],{"class":81},[67,68499,251],{"class":239},[67,68501,58296],{"class":243},[67,68503,240],{"class":239},[67,68505,100],{"class":81},[67,68507,68508,68510,68512,68514,68516,68518],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,68509,135],{"class":134},[67,68511,138],{"class":81},[67,68513,1964],{"class":134},[67,68515,138],{"class":81},[67,68517,4302],{"class":117},[67,68519,1426],{"class":81},[14,68521,159],{},[58,68523,68524],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,68525,68526],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68527,68528],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68529,46795],{"class":85},[14,68531,21166,68532,68535,68536,65260],{},[17,68533,68534],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[3934,68537,52834],{},[14,68539,68540,68541,114],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[45,68542,3764,68543,3697],{"href":42538},[17,68544,1339],{},[53,68546,5979],{"id":5978},[14,68548,68549,68550,68552],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[17,68551,1339],{},", and print the result.",[58,68554,68556],{"className":60,"code":68555,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[17,68557,68558,68590,68604,68608],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68559,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570,68572,68574,68576,68578,68580,68582,68584,68586,68588],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68561,232],{"class":73},[67,68563,78],{"class":77},[67,68565,82],{"class":81},[67,68567,240],{"class":239},[67,68569,244],{"class":243},[67,68571,240],{"class":239},[67,68573,89],{"class":81},[67,68575,251],{"class":239},[67,68577,254],{"class":243},[67,68579,240],{"class":239},[67,68581,89],{"class":81},[67,68583,251],{"class":239},[67,68585,263],{"class":243},[67,68587,240],{"class":239},[67,68589,100],{"class":81},[67,68591,68592,68594,68596,68598,68600,68602],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,68593,41421],{"class":73},[67,68595,78],{"class":77},[67,68597,1400],{"class":134},[67,68599,138],{"class":81},[67,68601,312],{"class":117},[67,68603,144],{"class":81},[67,68605,68606],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,68607,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,68609,68610,68612,68614,68616],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,68611,135],{"class":134},[67,68613,138],{"class":81},[67,68615,41439],{"class":117},[67,68617,144],{"class":81},[14,68619,159],{},[58,68621,68622],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,68623,68624],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68625,68626],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68627,46795],{"class":85},[14,68629,11872],{},[25,68631,68632,68637,68644],{},[28,68633,68634,68636],{},[17,68635,312],{}," is a list with 3 items",[28,68638,68639,2584,68642],{},[17,68640,68641],{},"len(colors)",[17,68643,2251],{},[28,68645,68646,68647],{},"That value is stored in ",[17,68648,41439],{},[14,68650,68651],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[58,68653,68655],{"className":60,"code":68654,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[17,68656,68657,68689],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68658,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675,68677,68679,68681,68683,68685,68687],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68660,232],{"class":73},[67,68662,78],{"class":77},[67,68664,82],{"class":81},[67,68666,240],{"class":239},[67,68668,244],{"class":243},[67,68670,240],{"class":239},[67,68672,89],{"class":81},[67,68674,251],{"class":239},[67,68676,254],{"class":243},[67,68678,240],{"class":239},[67,68680,89],{"class":81},[67,68682,251],{"class":239},[67,68684,263],{"class":243},[67,68686,240],{"class":239},[67,68688,100],{"class":81},[67,68690,68691,68693,68695,68697,68699,68701],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,68692,135],{"class":134},[67,68694,138],{"class":81},[67,68696,1964],{"class":134},[67,68698,138],{"class":81},[67,68700,312],{"class":117},[67,68702,1426],{"class":81},[53,68704,68706],{"id":68705},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68708,68709,68710,114],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[17,68711,1031],{},[58,68713,68715],{"className":60,"code":68714,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[17,68716,68717,68725],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68718,68719,68721,68723],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68720,1131],{"class":73},[67,68722,78],{"class":77},[67,68724,1136],{"class":81},[67,68726,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735,68737],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,68728,135],{"class":134},[67,68730,138],{"class":81},[67,68732,1964],{"class":134},[67,68734,138],{"class":81},[67,68736,1141],{"class":117},[67,68738,1426],{"class":81},[14,68740,159],{},[58,68742,68743],{"className":60,"code":47430,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,68744,68745],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68746,68747],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68748,47430],{"class":85},[14,68750,68751],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[58,68753,68755],{"className":60,"code":68754,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[17,68756,68757,68765,68769,68787,68801,68807],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68758,68759,68761,68763],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68760,1131],{"class":73},[67,68762,78],{"class":77},[67,68764,1136],{"class":81},[67,68766,68767],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,68768,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,68770,68771,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,68772,1217],{"class":1167},[67,68774,1400],{"class":134},[67,68776,138],{"class":81},[67,68778,1141],{"class":117},[67,68780,3849],{"class":81},[67,68782,38575],{"class":77},[67,68784,1388],{"class":85},[67,68786,1223],{"class":81},[67,68788,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,68790,1228],{"class":134},[67,68792,138],{"class":81},[67,68794,1141],{"class":117},[67,68796,174],{"class":81},[67,68798,1031],{"class":85},[67,68800,376],{"class":81},[67,68802,68803,68805],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,68804,1244],{"class":1167},[67,68806,1223],{"class":81},[67,68808,68809,68811,68813,68815,68817,68819],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,68810,1228],{"class":134},[67,68812,138],{"class":81},[67,68814,240],{"class":239},[67,68816,51993],{"class":243},[67,68818,240],{"class":239},[67,68820,144],{"class":81},[14,68822,159],{},[58,68824,68826],{"className":60,"code":68825,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"The list is empty\n",[17,68827,68828],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68829,68830,68832,68834,68836],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68831,379],{"class":73},[67,68833,363],{"class":362},[67,68835,8284],{"class":77},[67,68837,8290],{"class":73},[14,68839,68840,68841,68843],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[45,68842,531],{"href":530}," is a good next step.",[53,68845,68847],{"id":68846},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68849,68850,68852,68853,68856],{},[17,68851,1339],{}," counts only the ",[3934,68854,68855],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68858,68859],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[58,68861,68863],{"className":60,"code":68862,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[17,68864,68865,68901],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68866,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883,68885,68887,68889,68891,68893,68895,68897,68899],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68868,9352],{"class":73},[67,68870,78],{"class":77},[67,68872,56463],{"class":81},[67,68874,464],{"class":85},[67,68876,89],{"class":81},[67,68878,3182],{"class":85},[67,68880,18249],{"class":81},[67,68882,82],{"class":81},[67,68884,2251],{"class":85},[67,68886,89],{"class":81},[67,68888,2645],{"class":85},[67,68890,18249],{"class":81},[67,68892,82],{"class":81},[67,68894,1308],{"class":85},[67,68896,89],{"class":81},[67,68898,37823],{"class":85},[67,68900,53417],{"class":81},[67,68902,68903,68905,68907,68909,68911,68913],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,68904,135],{"class":134},[67,68906,138],{"class":81},[67,68908,1964],{"class":134},[67,68910,138],{"class":81},[67,68912,9391],{"class":117},[67,68914,1426],{"class":81},[14,68916,159],{},[58,68918,68919],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,68920,68921],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68922,68923],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68924,46795],{"class":85},[14,68926,68927],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68929,52257],{},[58,68931,68933],{"className":60,"code":68932,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[17,68934,68935,68961],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68936,68937,68939,68941,68943,68945,68947,68949,68951,68953,68955,68957,68959],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68938,59641],{"class":73},[67,68940,78],{"class":77},[67,68942,82],{"class":81},[67,68944,464],{"class":85},[67,68946,89],{"class":81},[67,68948,82],{"class":81},[67,68950,2245],{"class":85},[67,68952,89],{"class":81},[67,68954,2639],{"class":85},[67,68956,18249],{"class":81},[67,68958,2645],{"class":85},[67,68960,100],{"class":81},[67,68962,68963,68965,68967,68969,68971,68973],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,68964,135],{"class":134},[67,68966,138],{"class":81},[67,68968,1964],{"class":134},[67,68970,138],{"class":81},[67,68972,59694],{"class":117},[67,68974,1426],{"class":81},[14,68976,159],{},[58,68978,68979],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,68980,68981],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,68982,68983],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,68984,46795],{"class":85},[14,68986,21166,68987,68990],{},[17,68988,68989],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[53,68992,4707],{"id":4706},[1109,68994,8604,68996,11279,68999],{"id":68995},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[17,68997,68998],{},"my_list.len()",[17,69000,68444],{},[14,69002,69003],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,69005,16831],{},[58,69007,69009],{"className":60,"code":69008,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[17,69010,69011,69031],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,69012,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021,69023,69025,69027,69029],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,69014,74],{"class":73},[67,69016,78],{"class":77},[67,69018,82],{"class":81},[67,69020,86],{"class":85},[67,69022,89],{"class":81},[67,69024,92],{"class":85},[67,69026,89],{"class":81},[67,69028,97],{"class":85},[67,69030,100],{"class":81},[67,69032,69033,69035,69037,69039,69041,69043],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,69034,135],{"class":134},[67,69036,138],{"class":81},[67,69038,154],{"class":117},[67,69040,114],{"class":81},[67,69042,1964],{"class":117},[67,69044,1239],{"class":81},[14,69046,16843],{},[58,69048,69050],{"className":60,"code":69049,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[17,69051,69052,69072],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,69053,69054,69056,69058,69060,69062,69064,69066,69068,69070],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,69055,74],{"class":73},[67,69057,78],{"class":77},[67,69059,82],{"class":81},[67,69061,86],{"class":85},[67,69063,89],{"class":81},[67,69065,92],{"class":85},[67,69067,89],{"class":81},[67,69069,97],{"class":85},[67,69071,100],{"class":81},[67,69073,69074,69076,69078,69080,69082,69084],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,69075,135],{"class":134},[67,69077,138],{"class":81},[67,69079,1964],{"class":134},[67,69081,138],{"class":81},[67,69083,154],{"class":117},[67,69085,1426],{"class":81},[14,69087,69088,69090],{},[17,69089,1339],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1109,69092,25876],{"id":25875},[14,69094,16831],{},[58,69096,69098],{"className":60,"code":69097,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[17,69099,69100,69120],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,69101,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,69103,74],{"class":73},[67,69105,78],{"class":77},[67,69107,82],{"class":81},[67,69109,86],{"class":85},[67,69111,89],{"class":81},[67,69113,92],{"class":85},[67,69115,89],{"class":81},[67,69117,97],{"class":85},[67,69119,100],{"class":81},[67,69121,69122,69124,69126,69128],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,69123,135],{"class":134},[67,69125,138],{"class":81},[67,69127,1964],{"class":134},[67,69129,144],{"class":81},[14,69131,69132],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,69134,16843],{},[58,69136,69137],{"className":60,"code":69049,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,69138,69139,69159],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,69140,69141,69143,69145,69147,69149,69151,69153,69155,69157],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,69142,74],{"class":73},[67,69144,78],{"class":77},[67,69146,82],{"class":81},[67,69148,86],{"class":85},[67,69150,89],{"class":81},[67,69152,92],{"class":85},[67,69154,89],{"class":81},[67,69156,97],{"class":85},[67,69158,100],{"class":81},[67,69160,69161,69163,69165,69167,69169,69171],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,69162,135],{"class":134},[67,69164,138],{"class":81},[67,69166,1964],{"class":134},[67,69168,138],{"class":81},[67,69170,154],{"class":117},[67,69172,1426],{"class":81},[1109,69174,69176],{"id":69175},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,69178,69179,69180,69182],{},"The length of a list is ",[3934,69181,4820],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,69184,222],{},[58,69186,69188],{"className":60,"code":69187,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[17,69189,69190,69222],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,69191,69192,69194,69196,69198,69200,69202,69204,69206,69208,69210,69212,69214,69216,69218,69220],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,69193,411],{"class":73},[67,69195,78],{"class":77},[67,69197,82],{"class":81},[67,69199,240],{"class":239},[67,69201,45],{"class":243},[67,69203,240],{"class":239},[67,69205,89],{"class":81},[67,69207,251],{"class":239},[67,69209,428],{"class":243},[67,69211,240],{"class":239},[67,69213,89],{"class":81},[67,69215,251],{"class":239},[67,69217,437],{"class":243},[67,69219,240],{"class":239},[67,69221,100],{"class":81},[67,69223,69224,69226,69228,69230,69232,69234],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,69225,135],{"class":134},[67,69227,138],{"class":81},[67,69229,1964],{"class":134},[67,69231,138],{"class":81},[67,69233,490],{"class":117},[67,69235,1426],{"class":81},[14,69237,159],{},[58,69239,69240],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,69241,69242],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,69243,69244],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,69245,46795],{"class":85},[14,69247,69248,69249,19151,69251,114],{},"But the last index is ",[17,69250,2245],{},[17,69252,2251],{},[14,69254,69255],{},"Indexes are:",[25,69257,69258,69265,69271],{},[28,69259,69260,69262,69263],{},[17,69261,1031],{}," for ",[17,69264,18283],{},[28,69266,69267,69262,69269],{},[17,69268,464],{},[17,69270,65763],{},[28,69272,69273,69262,69275],{},[17,69274,2245],{},[17,69276,66648],{},[14,69278,69279],{},"So this causes an error:",[58,69281,69283],{"className":60,"code":69282,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[17,69284,69285,69317],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,69286,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307,69309,69311,69313,69315],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,69288,411],{"class":73},[67,69290,78],{"class":77},[67,69292,82],{"class":81},[67,69294,240],{"class":239},[67,69296,45],{"class":243},[67,69298,240],{"class":239},[67,69300,89],{"class":81},[67,69302,251],{"class":239},[67,69304,428],{"class":243},[67,69306,240],{"class":239},[67,69308,89],{"class":81},[67,69310,251],{"class":239},[67,69312,437],{"class":243},[67,69314,240],{"class":239},[67,69316,100],{"class":81},[67,69318,69319,69321,69323,69325,69327,69329,69331,69333],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,69320,135],{"class":134},[67,69322,138],{"class":81},[67,69324,490],{"class":117},[67,69326,174],{"class":81},[67,69328,1964],{"class":134},[67,69330,138],{"class":81},[67,69332,490],{"class":117},[67,69334,10866],{"class":81},[14,69336,8682,69337,4973,69340,69342,69343,69345],{},[17,69338,69339],{},"len(letters)",[17,69341,2251],{},", and index ",[17,69344,2251],{}," does not exist.",[14,69347,19028],{},[58,69349,69351],{"className":60,"code":69350,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[17,69352,69353,69385],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,69354,69355,69357,69359,69361,69363,69365,69367,69369,69371,69373,69375,69377,69379,69381,69383],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,69356,411],{"class":73},[67,69358,78],{"class":77},[67,69360,82],{"class":81},[67,69362,240],{"class":239},[67,69364,45],{"class":243},[67,69366,240],{"class":239},[67,69368,89],{"class":81},[67,69370,251],{"class":239},[67,69372,428],{"class":243},[67,69374,240],{"class":239},[67,69376,89],{"class":81},[67,69378,251],{"class":239},[67,69380,437],{"class":243},[67,69382,240],{"class":239},[67,69384,100],{"class":81},[67,69386,69387,69389,69391,69393,69395,69397,69399,69401,69403,69405,69407],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,69388,135],{"class":134},[67,69390,138],{"class":81},[67,69392,490],{"class":117},[67,69394,174],{"class":81},[67,69396,1964],{"class":134},[67,69398,138],{"class":81},[67,69400,490],{"class":117},[67,69402,3849],{"class":81},[67,69404,2408],{"class":77},[67,69406,5689],{"class":85},[67,69408,376],{"class":81},[14,69410,159],{},[58,69412,69414],{"className":60,"code":69413,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"c\n",[17,69415,69416],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,69417,69418],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,69419,69413],{"class":73},[14,69421,69422,69423,114],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[45,69424,1455],{"href":1454},[1109,69426,8604,69428,69430],{"id":69427},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[17,69429,1339],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69432,69433],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69435,69436],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[58,69438,69440],{"className":60,"code":69439,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[17,69441,69442,69452,69466,69480],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,69443,69444,69446,69448,69450],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,69445,135],{"class":134},[67,69447,138],{"class":81},[67,69449,1953],{"class":117},[67,69451,144],{"class":81},[67,69453,69454,69456,69458,69460,69462,69464],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,69455,135],{"class":134},[67,69457,138],{"class":81},[67,69459,1964],{"class":134},[67,69461,138],{"class":81},[67,69463,1953],{"class":117},[67,69465,1426],{"class":81},[67,69467,69468,69470,69472,69474,69476,69478],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,69469,135],{"class":134},[67,69471,138],{"class":81},[67,69473,2011],{"class":362},[67,69475,138],{"class":81},[67,69477,1953],{"class":117},[67,69479,1426],{"class":81},[67,69481,69482,69484,69486,69488,69490,69492],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,69483,135],{"class":134},[67,69485,138],{"class":81},[67,69487,1953],{"class":117},[67,69489,174],{"class":81},[67,69491,1031],{"class":85},[67,69493,376],{"class":81},[14,69495,69496],{},"These help you verify:",[25,69498,69499,69502,69504,69507],{},[28,69500,69501],{},"what the variable contains",[28,69503,60953],{},[28,69505,69506],{},"whether it is really a list",[28,69508,69509],{},"what the first item is",[14,69511,69512,69513,69516],{},"Be careful with ",[17,69514,69515],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[53,69518,5151,69520,69522],{"id":69519},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[17,69521,1339],{}," with lists",[14,69524,69525,69526,69528],{},"You will often use ",[17,69527,1339],{}," in real programs.",[14,69530,9561],{},[25,69532,69533,69535,69538,69541],{},[28,69534,51947],{},[28,69536,69537],{},"Control loops",[28,69539,69540],{},"Validate input or results",[28,69542,69543],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69545,69546],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[58,69548,69550],{"className":60,"code":69549,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[17,69551,69552,69572,69588,69592,69606,69620],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,69553,69554,69556,69558,69560,69562,69564,69566,69568,69570],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,69555,2744],{"class":73},[67,69557,78],{"class":77},[67,69559,82],{"class":81},[67,69561,464],{"class":85},[67,69563,89],{"class":81},[67,69565,3182],{"class":85},[67,69567,89],{"class":81},[67,69569,2639],{"class":85},[67,69571,100],{"class":81},[67,69573,69574,69576,69578,69580,69582,69584,69586],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,69575,2772],{"class":73},[67,69577,78],{"class":77},[67,69579,82],{"class":81},[67,69581,86],{"class":85},[67,69583,89],{"class":81},[67,69585,92],{"class":85},[67,69587,100],{"class":81},[67,69589,69590],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,69591,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,69593,69594,69596,69598,69600,69602,69604],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,69595,135],{"class":134},[67,69597,138],{"class":81},[67,69599,1964],{"class":134},[67,69601,138],{"class":81},[67,69603,45],{"class":117},[67,69605,1426],{"class":81},[67,69607,69608,69610,69612,69614,69616,69618],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,69609,135],{"class":134},[67,69611,138],{"class":81},[67,69613,1964],{"class":134},[67,69615,138],{"class":81},[67,69617,428],{"class":117},[67,69619,1426],{"class":81},[67,69621,69622,69624,69626,69628,69630,69632,69634,69636,69638,69640,69642],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,69623,135],{"class":134},[67,69625,138],{"class":81},[67,69627,1964],{"class":134},[67,69629,138],{"class":81},[67,69631,45],{"class":117},[67,69633,3849],{"class":81},[67,69635,38575],{"class":77},[67,69637,1400],{"class":134},[67,69639,138],{"class":81},[67,69641,428],{"class":117},[67,69643,1426],{"class":81},[14,69645,159],{},[58,69647,69649],{"className":60,"code":69648,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[17,69650,69651,69655,69659],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,69652,69653],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,69654,46795],{"class":85},[67,69656,69657],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,69658,17244],{"class":85},[67,69660,69661],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,69662,4170],{"class":4043},[14,69664,69665],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[58,69667,69669],{"className":60,"code":69668,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[17,69670,69671,69703,69707,69729],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,69672,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689,69691,69693,69695,69697,69699,69701],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,69674,977],{"class":73},[67,69676,78],{"class":77},[67,69678,82],{"class":81},[67,69680,240],{"class":239},[67,69682,986],{"class":243},[67,69684,240],{"class":239},[67,69686,89],{"class":81},[67,69688,251],{"class":239},[67,69690,995],{"class":243},[67,69692,240],{"class":239},[67,69694,89],{"class":81},[67,69696,251],{"class":239},[67,69698,1004],{"class":243},[67,69700,240],{"class":239},[67,69702,100],{"class":81},[67,69704,69705],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,69706,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,69708,69709,69711,69714,69716,69718,69720,69722,69724,69726],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,69710,6150],{"class":1167},[67,69712,69713],{"class":73}," i ",[67,69715,4074],{"class":1167},[67,69717,54245],{"class":134},[67,69719,138],{"class":81},[67,69721,1964],{"class":134},[67,69723,138],{"class":81},[67,69725,1057],{"class":117},[67,69727,69728],{"class":81},")):\n",[67,69730,69731,69733,69735,69737,69739,69741,69743,69745],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,69732,1228],{"class":134},[67,69734,138],{"class":81},[67,69736,36336],{"class":117},[67,69738,89],{"class":81},[67,69740,1022],{"class":117},[67,69742,174],{"class":81},[67,69744,36336],{"class":117},[67,69746,376],{"class":81},[14,69748,159],{},[58,69750,69751],{"className":60,"code":36182,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,69752,69753,69759,69765],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,69754,69755,69757],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,69756,1031],{"class":85},[67,69758,36191],{"class":73},[67,69760,69761,69763],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,69762,464],{"class":85},[67,69764,36198],{"class":73},[67,69766,69767,69769],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,69768,2245],{"class":85},[67,69770,36205],{"class":73},[14,69772,69773,69774,114],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[45,69775,69777],{"href":69776},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69779,69780,69781,69783],{},"You can also read ",[45,69782,51724],{"href":51723}," for a task-focused guide.",[53,69785,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,69787,69789],{"id":69788},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69791,185,69792,69795],{},[17,69793,69794],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1109,69797,5331,69799,12906],{"id":69798},"what-does-len-return",[17,69800,69801],{},"len([])",[14,69803,5337,69804,69806],{},[17,69805,1031],{}," because the list is empty.",[1109,69808,69810],{"id":69809},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69812,69813],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1109,69815,28516,69817,69819],{"id":69816},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[17,69818,68998],{}," in Python?",[14,69821,30454,69822,8410,69824,69826],{},[17,69823,68444],{},[17,69825,1339],{}," is a built-in function.",[53,69828,2094],{"id":2093},[25,69830,69831,69837,69841,69845,69849],{},[28,69832,69833],{},[45,69834,3764,69835,3697],{"href":42538},[17,69836,1339],{},[28,69838,69839],{},[45,69840,52768],{"href":51723},[28,69842,69843],{},[45,69844,531],{"href":530},[28,69846,69847],{},[45,69848,1455],{"href":1454},[28,69850,69851],{},[45,69852,69853],{"href":69776},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2122,69855,69856],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":69858},[69859,69860,69862,69863,69864,69865,69873,69875,69883],{"id":15349,"depth":103,"text":15350},{"id":68436,"depth":103,"text":69861},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5978,"depth":103,"text":5979},{"id":68705,"depth":103,"text":68706},{"id":68846,"depth":103,"text":68847},{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":69866},[69867,69869,69870,69871],{"id":68995,"depth":124,"text":69868},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25875,"depth":124,"text":25876},{"id":69175,"depth":124,"text":69176},{"id":69427,"depth":124,"text":69872},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69519,"depth":103,"text":69874},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":69876},[69877,69878,69880,69881],{"id":69788,"depth":124,"text":69789},{"id":69798,"depth":124,"text":69879},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69809,"depth":124,"text":69810},{"id":69816,"depth":124,"text":69882},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner 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":81},[67,71549,1953],{"class":117},[67,71551,1426],{"class":81},[67,71553,71554,71556,71558,71560,71562,71564],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,71555,135],{"class":134},[67,71557,138],{"class":81},[67,71559,1953],{"class":117},[67,71561,114],{"class":81},[67,71563,118],{"class":117},[67,71565,1239],{"class":81},[67,71567,71568,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578,71580,71582],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,71569,135],{"class":134},[67,71571,138],{"class":81},[67,71573,1953],{"class":117},[67,71575,114],{"class":81},[67,71577,118],{"class":117},[67,71579,138],{"class":81},[67,71581,1031],{"class":85},[67,71583,1426],{"class":81},[67,71585,71586,71588,71590,71592,71594,71596],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,71587,135],{"class":134},[67,71589,138],{"class":81},[67,71591,2011],{"class":362},[67,71593,138],{"class":81},[67,71595,373],{"class":117},[67,71597,1426],{"class":81},[14,71599,2020],{},[25,71601,71602,71606],{},[28,71603,71604,2028],{},[17,71605,2027],{},[28,71607,71608,2034],{},[17,71609,2033],{},[14,71611,2037,71612,2041],{},[17,71613,2040],{},[53,71615,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,71617,2049],{"id":2048},[14,71619,2052,71620,2055],{},[17,71621,39],{},[1109,71623,2059],{"id":2058},[14,71625,71626,2064,71628,2067,71630,114],{},[17,71627,39],{},[17,71629,50],{},[17,71631,1103],{},[1109,71633,2073],{"id":2072},[14,71635,2076,71636,2080],{},[17,71637,2079],{},[1109,71639,2084],{"id":2083},[14,71641,2087,71642,2090],{},[17,71643,1121],{},[53,71645,2094],{"id":2093},[25,71647,71648,71652,71656,71660,71664],{},[28,71649,71650],{},[45,71651,2101],{"href":1902},[28,71653,71654],{},[45,71655,2106],{"href":47},[28,71657,71658],{},[45,71659,2111],{"href":942},[28,71661,71662],{},[45,71663,2116],{"href":530},[28,71665,71666],{},[45,71667,1455],{"href":1454},[2122,71669,2124],{},{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":71671},[71672,71673,71674,71675,71676,71677,71678,71683,71687,71688,71694],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":191,"depth":103,"text":192},{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":534,"depth":103,"text":535},{"id":666,"depth":103,"text":667},{"id":949,"depth":103,"text":950},{"id":1106,"depth":103,"text":1107,"children":71679},[71680,71681,71682],{"id":1111,"depth":124,"text":1112},{"id":1264,"depth":124,"text":1265},{"id":1458,"depth":124,"text":1459},{"id":1661,"depth":103,"text":1662,"children":71684},[71685,71686],{"id":1668,"depth":124,"text":2141},{"id":1685,"depth":124,"text":2143},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":71689},[71690,71691,71692,71693],{"id":2048,"depth":124,"text":2049},{"id":2058,"depth":124,"text":2059},{"id":2072,"depth":124,"text":2073},{"id":2083,"depth":124,"text":2084},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},{},{"title":5,"description":2152},{"id":71698,"title":71699,"body":71700,"description":73486,"extension":2153,"meta":73487,"navigation":127,"path":73488,"seo":73489,"stem":73490,"__hash__":73491},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71701,"toc":73468},[71702,71705,71710,71716,71718,71788,71794,71798,71803,71824,71827,71894,71896,71917,71925,71927,71946,71962,71964,72029,72031,72056,72058,72060,72125,72127,72152,72154,72168,72171,72224,72226,72247,72251,72259,72332,72334,72367,72373,72379,72470,72472,72497,72503,72592,72594,72618,72620,72624,72679,72681,72713,72716,72719,72813,72815,72848,72854,72860,72864,72871,72897,72901,72966,72968,72993,72997,73078,73080,73109,73114,73119,73125,73129,73136,73158,73162,73221,73223,73247,73256,73261,73263,73267,73296,73298,73373,73376,73390,73396,73398,73402,73405,73409,73414,73418,73427,73431,73439,73441,73465],[10,71703,71699],{"id":71704},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71706,379,71707,71709],{},[17,71708,55247],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71711,71712,71713,71715],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[3934,71714,2661],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[53,71717,56],{"id":55},[58,71719,71721],{"className":60,"code":71720,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[17,71722,71723,71755,71773,71783],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,71724,71725,71727,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737,71739,71741,71743,71745,71747,71749,71751,71753],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,71726,1131],{"class":73},[67,71728,78],{"class":77},[67,71730,82],{"class":81},[67,71732,240],{"class":239},[67,71734,689],{"class":243},[67,71736,240],{"class":239},[67,71738,89],{"class":81},[67,71740,251],{"class":239},[67,71742,698],{"class":243},[67,71744,240],{"class":239},[67,71746,89],{"class":81},[67,71748,251],{"class":239},[67,71750,716],{"class":243},[67,71752,240],{"class":239},[67,71754,100],{"class":81},[67,71756,71757,71759,71761,71763,71765,71767,71769,71771],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,71758,1141],{"class":73},[67,71760,114],{"class":81},[67,71762,1838],{"class":117},[67,71764,138],{"class":81},[67,71766,240],{"class":239},[67,71768,698],{"class":243},[67,71770,240],{"class":239},[67,71772,144],{"class":81},[67,71774,71775,71777,71779,71781],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,71776,135],{"class":134},[67,71778,138],{"class":81},[67,71780,1141],{"class":117},[67,71782,144],{"class":81},[67,71784,71785],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,71786,71787],{"class":3852},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71789,185,71790,71793],{},[17,71791,71792],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[53,71795,71797],{"id":71796},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71799,71800,71802],{},[17,71801,50],{}," is a list method that:",[25,71804,71805,71811,71816,71821],{},[28,71806,71807,71808,71810],{},"Deletes the ",[3934,71809,30093],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[28,71812,71813,71814],{},"Changes the original list ",[3934,71815,11521],{},[28,71817,12894,71818,71820],{},[3934,71819,4820],{}," return a new list",[28,71822,71823],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71825,71826],{},"This is important for beginners:",[58,71828,71830],{"className":60,"code":71829,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[17,71831,71832,71852,71870,71874,71884],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,71833,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842,71844,71846,71848,71850],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,71835,74],{"class":73},[67,71837,78],{"class":77},[67,71839,82],{"class":81},[67,71841,464],{"class":85},[67,71843,89],{"class":81},[67,71845,3182],{"class":85},[67,71847,89],{"class":81},[67,71849,2639],{"class":85},[67,71851,100],{"class":81},[67,71853,71854,71856,71858,71860,71862,71864,71866,71868],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,71855,2416],{"class":73},[67,71857,78],{"class":77},[67,71859,111],{"class":73},[67,71861,114],{"class":81},[67,71863,1838],{"class":117},[67,71865,138],{"class":81},[67,71867,2245],{"class":85},[67,71869,144],{"class":81},[67,71871,71872],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,71873,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,71875,71876,71878,71880,71882],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,71877,135],{"class":134},[67,71879,138],{"class":81},[67,71881,154],{"class":117},[67,71883,144],{"class":81},[67,71885,71886,71888,71890,71892],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,71887,135],{"class":134},[67,71889,138],{"class":81},[67,71891,2451],{"class":117},[67,71893,144],{"class":81},[14,71895,159],{},[58,71897,71899],{"className":60,"code":71898,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[17,71900,71901,71913],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,71902,71903,71905,71907,71909,71911],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,71904,174],{"class":81},[67,71906,464],{"class":85},[67,71908,89],{"class":81},[67,71910,2639],{"class":85},[67,71912,100],{"class":81},[67,71914,71915],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,71916,11997],{"class":4043},[14,71918,71919,71920,71922,71923,114],{},"The list changed, but ",[17,71921,50],{}," itself returned ",[17,71924,1103],{},[53,71926,5622],{"id":5621},[58,71928,71930],{"className":60,"code":71929,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"list.remove(value)\n",[17,71931,71932],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,71933,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,71935,363],{"class":362},[67,71937,114],{"class":81},[67,71939,1838],{"class":117},[67,71941,138],{"class":81},[67,71943,2661],{"class":117},[67,71945,144],{"class":81},[25,71947,71948,71953,71956],{},[28,71949,71950,71952],{},[17,71951,2661],{}," is the item you want to delete",[28,71954,71955],{},"Python searches from left to right",[28,71957,71958,71959,71961],{},"Only the ",[3934,71960,30093],{}," matching value is removed",[14,71963,222],{},[58,71965,71967],{"className":60,"code":71966,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,71968,71969,72001,72019],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,71970,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991,71993,71995,71997,71999],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,71972,411],{"class":73},[67,71974,78],{"class":77},[67,71976,82],{"class":81},[67,71978,240],{"class":239},[67,71980,45],{"class":243},[67,71982,240],{"class":239},[67,71984,89],{"class":81},[67,71986,251],{"class":239},[67,71988,428],{"class":243},[67,71990,240],{"class":239},[67,71992,89],{"class":81},[67,71994,251],{"class":239},[67,71996,437],{"class":243},[67,71998,240],{"class":239},[67,72000,100],{"class":81},[67,72002,72003,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013,72015,72017],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,72004,490],{"class":73},[67,72006,114],{"class":81},[67,72008,1838],{"class":117},[67,72010,138],{"class":81},[67,72012,240],{"class":239},[67,72014,428],{"class":243},[67,72016,240],{"class":239},[67,72018,144],{"class":81},[67,72020,72021,72023,72025,72027],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,72022,135],{"class":134},[67,72024,138],{"class":81},[67,72026,490],{"class":117},[67,72028,144],{"class":81},[14,72030,159],{},[58,72032,72034],{"className":60,"code":72033,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['a', 'c']\n",[17,72035,72036],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72037,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048,72050,72052,72054],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72039,174],{"class":81},[67,72041,333],{"class":239},[67,72043,45],{"class":243},[67,72045,333],{"class":239},[67,72047,89],{"class":81},[67,72049,342],{"class":239},[67,72051,437],{"class":243},[67,72053,333],{"class":239},[67,72055,100],{"class":81},[53,72057,5979],{"id":5978},[14,72059,65342],{},[58,72061,72063],{"className":60,"code":72062,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[17,72064,72065,72097,72115],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72066,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72068,232],{"class":73},[67,72070,78],{"class":77},[67,72072,82],{"class":81},[67,72074,240],{"class":239},[67,72076,244],{"class":243},[67,72078,240],{"class":239},[67,72080,89],{"class":81},[67,72082,251],{"class":239},[67,72084,263],{"class":243},[67,72086,240],{"class":239},[67,72088,89],{"class":81},[67,72090,251],{"class":239},[67,72092,254],{"class":243},[67,72094,240],{"class":239},[67,72096,100],{"class":81},[67,72098,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111,72113],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,72100,312],{"class":73},[67,72102,114],{"class":81},[67,72104,1838],{"class":117},[67,72106,138],{"class":81},[67,72108,240],{"class":239},[67,72110,263],{"class":243},[67,72112,240],{"class":239},[67,72114,144],{"class":81},[67,72116,72117,72119,72121,72123],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,72118,135],{"class":134},[67,72120,138],{"class":81},[67,72122,312],{"class":117},[67,72124,144],{"class":81},[14,72126,159],{},[58,72128,72130],{"className":60,"code":72129,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['red', 'green']\n",[17,72131,72132],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72133,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72135,174],{"class":81},[67,72137,333],{"class":239},[67,72139,244],{"class":243},[67,72141,333],{"class":239},[67,72143,89],{"class":81},[67,72145,342],{"class":239},[67,72147,254],{"class":243},[67,72149,333],{"class":239},[67,72151,100],{"class":81},[14,72153,11872],{},[25,72155,72156,72159,72165],{},[28,72157,72158],{},"A list is created with three values",[28,72160,72161,72164],{},[17,72162,72163],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[28,72166,72167],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,72169,72170],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[58,72172,72174],{"className":60,"code":72173,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[17,72175,72176,72200,72214],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72177,72178,72180,72182,72184,72186,72188,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72179,5252],{"class":73},[67,72181,78],{"class":77},[67,72183,82],{"class":81},[67,72185,86],{"class":85},[67,72187,89],{"class":81},[67,72189,92],{"class":85},[67,72191,89],{"class":81},[67,72193,97],{"class":85},[67,72195,89],{"class":81},[67,72197,51021],{"class":85},[67,72199,100],{"class":81},[67,72201,72202,72204,72206,72208,72210,72212],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,72203,16576],{"class":73},[67,72205,114],{"class":81},[67,72207,1838],{"class":117},[67,72209,138],{"class":81},[67,72211,37021],{"class":85},[67,72213,144],{"class":81},[67,72215,72216,72218,72220,72222],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,72217,135],{"class":134},[67,72219,138],{"class":81},[67,72221,16576],{"class":117},[67,72223,144],{"class":81},[14,72225,159],{},[58,72227,72229],{"className":60,"code":72228,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[17,72230,72231],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72232,72233,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72234,174],{"class":81},[67,72236,86],{"class":85},[67,72238,89],{"class":81},[67,72240,92],{"class":85},[67,72242,89],{"class":81},[67,72244,51021],{"class":85},[67,72246,100],{"class":81},[53,72248,72250],{"id":72249},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,72252,65332,72253,72255,72256,72258],{},[17,72254,50],{}," deletes only the ",[3934,72257,30093],{}," one.",[58,72260,72262],{"className":60,"code":72261,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[17,72263,72264,72304,72322],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72265,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72267,1131],{"class":73},[67,72269,78],{"class":77},[67,72271,82],{"class":81},[67,72273,240],{"class":239},[67,72275,689],{"class":243},[67,72277,240],{"class":239},[67,72279,89],{"class":81},[67,72281,251],{"class":239},[67,72283,698],{"class":243},[67,72285,240],{"class":239},[67,72287,89],{"class":81},[67,72289,251],{"class":239},[67,72291,689],{"class":243},[67,72293,240],{"class":239},[67,72295,89],{"class":81},[67,72297,251],{"class":239},[67,72299,716],{"class":243},[67,72301,240],{"class":239},[67,72303,100],{"class":81},[67,72305,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,72307,1141],{"class":73},[67,72309,114],{"class":81},[67,72311,1838],{"class":117},[67,72313,138],{"class":81},[67,72315,240],{"class":239},[67,72317,689],{"class":243},[67,72319,240],{"class":239},[67,72321,144],{"class":81},[67,72323,72324,72326,72328,72330],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,72325,135],{"class":134},[67,72327,138],{"class":81},[67,72329,1141],{"class":117},[67,72331,144],{"class":81},[14,72333,159],{},[58,72335,72337],{"className":60,"code":72336,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[17,72338,72339],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72340,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349,72351,72353,72355,72357,72359,72361,72363,72365],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72342,174],{"class":81},[67,72344,333],{"class":239},[67,72346,698],{"class":243},[67,72348,333],{"class":239},[67,72350,89],{"class":81},[67,72352,342],{"class":239},[67,72354,689],{"class":243},[67,72356,333],{"class":239},[67,72358,89],{"class":81},[67,72360,342],{"class":239},[67,72362,716],{"class":243},[67,72364,333],{"class":239},[67,72366,100],{"class":81},[14,72368,72369,72370,72372],{},"Only the first ",[17,72371,58002],{}," was removed.",[14,72374,72375,72376,72378],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[17,72377,50],{}," again:",[58,72380,72382],{"className":60,"code":72381,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[17,72383,72384,72424,72442,72460],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72385,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72387,1131],{"class":73},[67,72389,78],{"class":77},[67,72391,82],{"class":81},[67,72393,240],{"class":239},[67,72395,689],{"class":243},[67,72397,240],{"class":239},[67,72399,89],{"class":81},[67,72401,251],{"class":239},[67,72403,698],{"class":243},[67,72405,240],{"class":239},[67,72407,89],{"class":81},[67,72409,251],{"class":239},[67,72411,689],{"class":243},[67,72413,240],{"class":239},[67,72415,89],{"class":81},[67,72417,251],{"class":239},[67,72419,716],{"class":243},[67,72421,240],{"class":239},[67,72423,100],{"class":81},[67,72425,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,72427,1141],{"class":73},[67,72429,114],{"class":81},[67,72431,1838],{"class":117},[67,72433,138],{"class":81},[67,72435,240],{"class":239},[67,72437,689],{"class":243},[67,72439,240],{"class":239},[67,72441,144],{"class":81},[67,72443,72444,72446,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456,72458],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,72445,1141],{"class":73},[67,72447,114],{"class":81},[67,72449,1838],{"class":117},[67,72451,138],{"class":81},[67,72453,240],{"class":239},[67,72455,689],{"class":243},[67,72457,240],{"class":239},[67,72459,144],{"class":81},[67,72461,72462,72464,72466,72468],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,72463,135],{"class":134},[67,72465,138],{"class":81},[67,72467,1141],{"class":117},[67,72469,144],{"class":81},[14,72471,159],{},[58,72473,72475],{"className":60,"code":72474,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[17,72476,72477],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72478,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493,72495],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72480,174],{"class":81},[67,72482,333],{"class":239},[67,72484,698],{"class":243},[67,72486,333],{"class":239},[67,72488,89],{"class":81},[67,72490,342],{"class":239},[67,72492,716],{"class":243},[67,72494,333],{"class":239},[67,72496,100],{"class":81},[14,72498,72499,72500,72502],{},"If you need to remove ",[3934,72501,3906],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[58,72504,72506],{"className":60,"code":72505,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[17,72507,72508,72548,72582],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72509,72510,72512,72514,72516,72518,72520,72522,72524,72526,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72511,1131],{"class":73},[67,72513,78],{"class":77},[67,72515,82],{"class":81},[67,72517,240],{"class":239},[67,72519,689],{"class":243},[67,72521,240],{"class":239},[67,72523,89],{"class":81},[67,72525,251],{"class":239},[67,72527,698],{"class":243},[67,72529,240],{"class":239},[67,72531,89],{"class":81},[67,72533,251],{"class":239},[67,72535,689],{"class":243},[67,72537,240],{"class":239},[67,72539,89],{"class":81},[67,72541,251],{"class":239},[67,72543,716],{"class":243},[67,72545,240],{"class":239},[67,72547,100],{"class":81},[67,72549,72550,72552,72554,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564,72567,72569,72571,72574,72576,72578,72580],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,72551,1131],{"class":73},[67,72553,78],{"class":77},[67,72555,82],{"class":81},[67,72557,450],{"class":73},[67,72559,6150],{"class":1167},[67,72561,6153],{"class":73},[67,72563,4074],{"class":1167},[67,72565,72566],{"class":73}," items ",[67,72568,1217],{"class":1167},[67,72570,6153],{"class":73},[67,72572,72573],{"class":77},"!=",[67,72575,251],{"class":239},[67,72577,689],{"class":243},[67,72579,240],{"class":239},[67,72581,100],{"class":81},[67,72583,72584,72586,72588,72590],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,72585,135],{"class":134},[67,72587,138],{"class":81},[67,72589,1141],{"class":117},[67,72591,144],{"class":81},[14,72593,159],{},[58,72595,72596],{"className":60,"code":72474,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,72597,72598],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72599,72600,72602,72604,72606,72608,72610,72612,72614,72616],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72601,174],{"class":81},[67,72603,333],{"class":239},[67,72605,698],{"class":243},[67,72607,333],{"class":239},[67,72609,89],{"class":81},[67,72611,342],{"class":239},[67,72613,716],{"class":243},[67,72615,333],{"class":239},[67,72617,100],{"class":81},[53,72619,65798],{"id":65797},[14,72621,65801,72622,114],{},[17,72623,40883],{},[58,72625,72627],{"className":60,"code":72626,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[17,72628,72629,72661],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72630,72631,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641,72643,72645,72647,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72632,1131],{"class":73},[67,72634,78],{"class":77},[67,72636,82],{"class":81},[67,72638,240],{"class":239},[67,72640,689],{"class":243},[67,72642,240],{"class":239},[67,72644,89],{"class":81},[67,72646,251],{"class":239},[67,72648,698],{"class":243},[67,72650,240],{"class":239},[67,72652,89],{"class":81},[67,72654,251],{"class":239},[67,72656,716],{"class":243},[67,72658,240],{"class":239},[67,72660,100],{"class":81},[67,72662,72663,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,72664,1141],{"class":73},[67,72666,114],{"class":81},[67,72668,1838],{"class":117},[67,72670,138],{"class":81},[67,72672,240],{"class":239},[67,72674,22722],{"class":243},[67,72676,240],{"class":239},[67,72678,144],{"class":81},[14,72680,159],{},[58,72682,72684],{"className":60,"code":72683,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[17,72685,72686],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72687,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72689,40883],{"class":362},[67,72691,1161],{"class":81},[67,72693,22749],{"class":362},[67,72695,114],{"class":81},[67,72697,1838],{"class":117},[67,72699,138],{"class":81},[67,72701,2361],{"class":117},[67,72703,16639],{"class":81},[67,72705,4071],{"class":73},[67,72707,4820],{"class":77},[67,72709,21362],{"class":77},[67,72711,72712],{"class":362}," list\n",[14,72714,72715],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72717,72718],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[58,72720,72722],{"className":60,"code":72721,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,72723,72724,72756,72768,72772,72784,72799,72803],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72725,72726,72728,72730,72732,72734,72736,72738,72740,72742,72744,72746,72748,72750,72752,72754],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72727,1131],{"class":73},[67,72729,78],{"class":77},[67,72731,82],{"class":81},[67,72733,240],{"class":239},[67,72735,689],{"class":243},[67,72737,240],{"class":239},[67,72739,89],{"class":81},[67,72741,251],{"class":239},[67,72743,698],{"class":243},[67,72745,240],{"class":239},[67,72747,89],{"class":81},[67,72749,251],{"class":239},[67,72751,716],{"class":243},[67,72753,240],{"class":239},[67,72755,100],{"class":81},[67,72757,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,72759,2634],{"class":73},[67,72761,78],{"class":77},[67,72763,251],{"class":239},[67,72765,22722],{"class":243},[67,72767,3547],{"class":239},[67,72769,72770],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,72771,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,72773,72774,72776,72778,72780,72782],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,72775,1217],{"class":1167},[67,72777,21773],{"class":73},[67,72779,4074],{"class":77},[67,72781,1220],{"class":73},[67,72783,1223],{"class":81},[67,72785,72786,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,72787,72788],{"class":73},"    items",[67,72790,114],{"class":81},[67,72792,1838],{"class":117},[67,72794,138],{"class":81},[67,72796,2661],{"class":117},[67,72798,144],{"class":81},[67,72800,72801],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,72802,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,72804,72805,72807,72809,72811],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,72806,135],{"class":134},[67,72808,138],{"class":81},[67,72810,1141],{"class":117},[67,72812,144],{"class":81},[14,72814,159],{},[58,72816,72818],{"className":60,"code":72817,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[17,72819,72820],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72821,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72823,174],{"class":81},[67,72825,333],{"class":239},[67,72827,689],{"class":243},[67,72829,333],{"class":239},[67,72831,89],{"class":81},[67,72833,342],{"class":239},[67,72835,698],{"class":243},[67,72837,333],{"class":239},[67,72839,89],{"class":81},[67,72841,342],{"class":239},[67,72843,716],{"class":243},[67,72845,333],{"class":239},[67,72847,100],{"class":81},[14,72849,72850,72851,72853],{},"This avoids the error because ",[17,72852,50],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72855,72856,72857,114],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[45,72858,66007],{"href":72859},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[53,72861,72863],{"id":72862},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72865,72866,961,72868,72870],{},[17,72867,50],{},[17,72869,39],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[25,72872,72873,72880,72886,72892],{},[28,72874,72875,72877,72878],{},[17,72876,50],{}," deletes by ",[3934,72879,2661],{},[28,72881,72882,72877,72884],{},[17,72883,39],{},[3934,72885,373],{},[28,72887,72888,2584,72890],{},[17,72889,50],{},[17,72891,1103],{},[28,72893,72894,72896],{},[17,72895,39],{}," returns the removed item",[14,72898,46218,72899,1161],{},[17,72900,50],{},[58,72902,72904],{"className":60,"code":72903,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[17,72905,72906,72938,72956],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72907,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72909,1131],{"class":73},[67,72911,78],{"class":77},[67,72913,82],{"class":81},[67,72915,240],{"class":239},[67,72917,689],{"class":243},[67,72919,240],{"class":239},[67,72921,89],{"class":81},[67,72923,251],{"class":239},[67,72925,698],{"class":243},[67,72927,240],{"class":239},[67,72929,89],{"class":81},[67,72931,251],{"class":239},[67,72933,716],{"class":243},[67,72935,240],{"class":239},[67,72937,100],{"class":81},[67,72939,72940,72942,72944,72946,72948,72950,72952,72954],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,72941,1141],{"class":73},[67,72943,114],{"class":81},[67,72945,1838],{"class":117},[67,72947,138],{"class":81},[67,72949,240],{"class":239},[67,72951,698],{"class":243},[67,72953,240],{"class":239},[67,72955,144],{"class":81},[67,72957,72958,72960,72962,72964],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,72959,135],{"class":134},[67,72961,138],{"class":81},[67,72963,1141],{"class":117},[67,72965,144],{"class":81},[14,72967,159],{},[58,72969,72971],{"className":60,"code":72970,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[17,72972,72973],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,72974,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983,72985,72987,72989,72991],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,72976,174],{"class":81},[67,72978,333],{"class":239},[67,72980,689],{"class":243},[67,72982,333],{"class":239},[67,72984,89],{"class":81},[67,72986,342],{"class":239},[67,72988,716],{"class":243},[67,72990,333],{"class":239},[67,72992,100],{"class":81},[14,72994,46218,72995,1161],{},[17,72996,39],{},[58,72998,73000],{"className":60,"code":72999,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[17,73001,73002,73034,73053,73057,73067],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,73003,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,73005,1131],{"class":73},[67,73007,78],{"class":77},[67,73009,82],{"class":81},[67,73011,240],{"class":239},[67,73013,689],{"class":243},[67,73015,240],{"class":239},[67,73017,89],{"class":81},[67,73019,251],{"class":239},[67,73021,698],{"class":243},[67,73023,240],{"class":239},[67,73025,89],{"class":81},[67,73027,251],{"class":239},[67,73029,716],{"class":243},[67,73031,240],{"class":239},[67,73033,100],{"class":81},[67,73035,73036,73039,73041,73043,73045,73047,73049,73051],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,73037,73038],{"class":73},"removed_item ",[67,73040,78],{"class":77},[67,73042,1220],{"class":73},[67,73044,114],{"class":81},[67,73046,118],{"class":117},[67,73048,138],{"class":81},[67,73050,464],{"class":85},[67,73052,144],{"class":81},[67,73054,73055],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,73056,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,73058,73059,73061,73063,73065],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,73060,135],{"class":134},[67,73062,138],{"class":81},[67,73064,1141],{"class":117},[67,73066,144],{"class":81},[67,73068,73069,73071,73073,73076],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,73070,135],{"class":134},[67,73072,138],{"class":81},[67,73074,73075],{"class":117},"removed_item",[67,73077,144],{"class":81},[14,73079,159],{},[58,73081,73083],{"className":60,"code":73082,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[17,73084,73085,73105],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,73086,73087,73089,73091,73093,73095,73097,73099,73101,73103],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,73088,174],{"class":81},[67,73090,333],{"class":239},[67,73092,689],{"class":243},[67,73094,333],{"class":239},[67,73096,89],{"class":81},[67,73098,342],{"class":239},[67,73100,716],{"class":243},[67,73102,333],{"class":239},[67,73104,100],{"class":81},[67,73106,73107],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,73108,780],{"class":73},[14,73110,185,73111,73113],{},[17,73112,50],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,73115,185,73116,73118],{},[17,73117,39],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,73120,73121,73122,114],{},"For more detail, see the ",[45,73123,73124],{"href":55251},"Python list pop() method",[53,73126,73128],{"id":73127},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,73130,73131,961,73133,73135],{},[17,73132,50],{},[17,73134,27213],{}," are also different.",[25,73137,73138,73143,73148,73153],{},[28,73139,73140,73142],{},[17,73141,50],{}," deletes by matching value",[28,73144,73145,73147],{},[17,73146,27213],{}," deletes by index or slice",[28,73149,185,73150,73152],{},[17,73151,27213],{}," when you know the position",[28,73154,185,73155,73157],{},[17,73156,50],{}," when you know the item value",[14,73159,46218,73160,1161],{},[17,73161,27213],{},[58,73163,73165],{"className":60,"code":73164,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[17,73166,73167,73199,73211],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,73168,73169,73171,73173,73175,73177,73179,73181,73183,73185,73187,73189,73191,73193,73195,73197],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,73170,1131],{"class":73},[67,73172,78],{"class":77},[67,73174,82],{"class":81},[67,73176,240],{"class":239},[67,73178,689],{"class":243},[67,73180,240],{"class":239},[67,73182,89],{"class":81},[67,73184,251],{"class":239},[67,73186,698],{"class":243},[67,73188,240],{"class":239},[67,73190,89],{"class":81},[67,73192,251],{"class":239},[67,73194,716],{"class":243},[67,73196,240],{"class":239},[67,73198,100],{"class":81},[67,73200,73201,73203,73205,73207,73209],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,73202,27213],{"class":1167},[67,73204,1220],{"class":73},[67,73206,174],{"class":81},[67,73208,464],{"class":85},[67,73210,100],{"class":81},[67,73212,73213,73215,73217,73219],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,73214,135],{"class":134},[67,73216,138],{"class":81},[67,73218,1141],{"class":117},[67,73220,144],{"class":81},[14,73222,159],{},[58,73224,73225],{"className":60,"code":72970,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,73226,73227],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,73228,73229,73231,73233,73235,73237,73239,73241,73243,73245],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,73230,174],{"class":81},[67,73232,333],{"class":239},[67,73234,689],{"class":243},[67,73236,333],{"class":239},[67,73238,89],{"class":81},[67,73240,342],{"class":239},[67,73242,716],{"class":243},[67,73244,333],{"class":239},[67,73246,100],{"class":81},[14,73248,73249,73250,73252,73253,73255],{},"This removed the item at index ",[17,73251,464],{},", not the value ",[17,73254,65442],{}," directly.",[14,73257,73258,73259,114],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[45,73260,1903],{"href":1902},[53,73262,1907],{"id":1906},[14,73264,21400,73265,1161],{},[17,73266,50],{},[25,73268,73269,73272,73277,73284,73293],{},[28,73270,73271],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[28,73273,1930,73274,73276],{},[17,73275,50],{}," to delete all matching values",[28,73278,12784,73279,73281,73282],{},[17,73280,50],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[17,73283,1103],{},[28,73285,8604,73286,44809,73288,3068,73290,73292],{},[17,73287,50],{},[17,73289,39],{},[17,73291,27213],{}," would be a better fit",[28,73294,73295],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73297,1939],{},[58,73299,73301],{"className":60,"code":73300,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[17,73302,73303,73313,73327,73345,73359],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,73304,73305,73307,73309,73311],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,73306,135],{"class":134},[67,73308,138],{"class":81},[67,73310,1953],{"class":117},[67,73312,144],{"class":81},[67,73314,73315,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,73316,135],{"class":134},[67,73318,138],{"class":81},[67,73320,2634],{"class":117},[67,73322,4074],{"class":1167},[67,73324,8582],{"class":117},[67,73326,144],{"class":81},[67,73328,73329,73331,73333,73335,73337,73339,73341,73343],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,73330,135],{"class":134},[67,73332,138],{"class":81},[67,73334,1953],{"class":117},[67,73336,114],{"class":81},[67,73338,41439],{"class":117},[67,73340,138],{"class":81},[67,73342,2661],{"class":117},[67,73344,1426],{"class":81},[67,73346,73347,73349,73351,73353,73355,73357],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,73348,135],{"class":134},[67,73350,138],{"class":81},[67,73352,2011],{"class":362},[67,73354,138],{"class":81},[67,73356,1953],{"class":117},[67,73358,1426],{"class":81},[67,73360,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369,73371],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,73362,32337],{"class":134},[67,73364,138],{"class":81},[67,73366,363],{"class":362},[67,73368,114],{"class":81},[67,73370,1838],{"class":24938},[67,73372,144],{"class":81},[14,73374,73375],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[25,73377,73378,73381,73384,73387],{},[28,73379,73380],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[28,73382,73383],{},"How many times does it appear?",[28,73385,73386],{},"Am I working with a list?",[28,73388,73389],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73391,73392,73393,73395],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[45,73394,2111],{"href":942}," may also help.",[53,73397,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,73399,73401],{"id":73400},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73403,73404],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1109,73406,73408],{"id":73407},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73410,5337,73411,73413],{},[17,73412,1103],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1109,73415,73417],{"id":73416},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73419,73420,73421,73424,73425,114],{},"Check with ",[17,73422,73423],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[17,73426,50],{},[1109,73428,73430],{"id":73429},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73432,185,73433,73435,73436,73438],{},[17,73434,50],{}," for a value and ",[17,73437,39],{}," for an index.",[53,73440,2094],{"id":2093},[25,73442,73443,73447,73451,73455,73459],{},[28,73444,73445],{},[45,73446,2101],{"href":1902},[28,73448,73449],{},[45,73450,73124],{"href":55251},[28,73452,73453],{},[45,73454,2111],{"href":942},[28,73456,73457],{},[45,73458,66007],{"href":72859},[28,73460,73461],{},[45,73462,73464],{"href":73463},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2122,73466,73467],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":73469},[73470,73471,73472,73473,73474,73475,73476,73477,73478,73479,73485],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":71796,"depth":103,"text":71797},{"id":5621,"depth":103,"text":5622},{"id":5978,"depth":103,"text":5979},{"id":72249,"depth":103,"text":72250},{"id":65797,"depth":103,"text":65798},{"id":72862,"depth":103,"text":72863},{"id":73127,"depth":103,"text":73128},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":73480},[73481,73482,73483,73484],{"id":73400,"depth":124,"text":73401},{"id":73407,"depth":124,"text":73408},{"id":73416,"depth":124,"text":73417},{"id":73429,"depth":124,"text":73430},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71699,"description":73486},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73493,"title":73494,"body":73495,"description":75386,"extension":2153,"meta":75387,"navigation":127,"path":75388,"seo":75389,"stem":75390,"__hash__":75391},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73496,"toc":75356},[73497,73503,73509,73512,73523,73525,73574,73579,73584,73588,73603,73605,73670,73672,73713,73715,73717,73732,73734,73745,73747,73804,73806,73839,73841,73844,73893,73895,73920,73922,73938,73944,73951,74012,74014,74047,74052,74055,74135,74137,74198,74204,74208,74211,74275,74277,74302,74304,74324,74326,74375,74377,74398,74407,74410,74414,74419,74464,74466,74487,74493,74498,74506,74570,74572,74609,74615,74619,74626,74691,74693,74730,74734,74751,74761,74766,74771,74782,74789,74791,74797,74820,74823,74850,74855,74858,74959,74961,75016,75019,75126,75128,75199,75202,75228,75230,75235,75239,75247,75252,75257,75263,75268,75272,75275,75292,75295,75315,75323,75325,75353],[10,73498,54517,73500,11509],{"id":73499},"python-list-reverse-method",[17,73501,73502],{},"reverse()",[14,73504,73505,73508],{},[17,73506,73507],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73510,73511],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73513,73514,73515,73517,73518,73522],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[17,73516,73502],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[45,73519,73521],{"href":73520},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[53,73524,3798],{"id":3797},[58,73526,73528],{"className":60,"code":73527,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[17,73529,73530,73550,73561],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,73531,73532,73534,73536,73538,73540,73542,73544,73546,73548],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,73533,74],{"class":73},[67,73535,78],{"class":77},[67,73537,82],{"class":81},[67,73539,464],{"class":85},[67,73541,89],{"class":81},[67,73543,3182],{"class":85},[67,73545,89],{"class":81},[67,73547,2639],{"class":85},[67,73549,100],{"class":81},[67,73551,73552,73554,73556,73559],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,73553,154],{"class":73},[67,73555,114],{"class":81},[67,73557,73558],{"class":117},"reverse",[67,73560,121],{"class":81},[67,73562,73563,73565,73567,73569,73571],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,73564,135],{"class":134},[67,73566,138],{"class":81},[67,73568,154],{"class":117},[67,73570,3849],{"class":81},[67,73572,73573],{"class":3852},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73575,73576,73578],{},[17,73577,73502],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[53,73580,3867,73582,3870],{"id":73581},"what-listreverse-does",[17,73583,73507],{},[14,73585,73586,1161],{},[17,73587,73507],{},[25,73589,73590,73593,73596,73600],{},[28,73591,73592],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[28,73594,73595],{},"Changes the original list directly",[28,73597,11611,73598],{},[17,73599,1103],{},[28,73601,73602],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73604,222],{},[58,73606,73608],{"className":60,"code":73607,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[17,73609,73610,73650,73660],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,73611,73612,73614,73616,73618,73620,73622,73624,73626,73628,73630,73632,73634,73636,73638,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,73613,411],{"class":73},[67,73615,78],{"class":77},[67,73617,82],{"class":81},[67,73619,240],{"class":239},[67,73621,45],{"class":243},[67,73623,240],{"class":239},[67,73625,89],{"class":81},[67,73627,251],{"class":239},[67,73629,428],{"class":243},[67,73631,240],{"class":239},[67,73633,89],{"class":81},[67,73635,251],{"class":239},[67,73637,437],{"class":243},[67,73639,240],{"class":239},[67,73641,89],{"class":81},[67,73643,251],{"class":239},[67,73645,18955],{"class":243},[67,73647,240],{"class":239},[67,73649,100],{"class":81},[67,73651,73652,73654,73656,73658],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,73653,490],{"class":73},[67,73655,114],{"class":81},[67,73657,73558],{"class":117},[67,73659,121],{"class":81},[67,73661,73662,73664,73666,73668],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,73663,135],{"class":134},[67,73665,138],{"class":81},[67,73667,490],{"class":117},[67,73669,144],{"class":81},[14,73671,159],{},[58,73673,73675],{"className":60,"code":73674,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[17,73676,73677],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,73678,73679,73681,73683,73685,73687,73689,73691,73693,73695,73697,73699,73701,73703,73705,73707,73709,73711],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,73680,174],{"class":81},[67,73682,333],{"class":239},[67,73684,18955],{"class":243},[67,73686,333],{"class":239},[67,73688,89],{"class":81},[67,73690,342],{"class":239},[67,73692,437],{"class":243},[67,73694,333],{"class":239},[67,73696,89],{"class":81},[67,73698,342],{"class":239},[67,73700,428],{"class":243},[67,73702,333],{"class":239},[67,73704,89],{"class":81},[67,73706,342],{"class":239},[67,73708,45],{"class":243},[67,73710,333],{"class":239},[67,73712,100],{"class":81},[53,73714,352],{"id":351},[14,73716,2347],{},[58,73718,73720],{"className":60,"code":73719,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list.reverse()\n",[17,73721,73722],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,73723,73724,73726,73728,73730],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,73725,1953],{"class":73},[67,73727,114],{"class":81},[67,73729,73558],{"class":117},[67,73731,121],{"class":81},[14,73733,13241],{},[25,73735,73736,73739,73742],{},[28,73737,73738],{},"No arguments are needed",[28,73740,73741],{},"You call it on an existing list",[28,73743,73744],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73746,222],{},[58,73748,73750],{"className":60,"code":73749,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[17,73751,73752,73784,73794],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,73753,73754,73756,73758,73760,73762,73764,73766,73768,73770,73772,73774,73776,73778,73780,73782],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,73755,232],{"class":73},[67,73757,78],{"class":77},[67,73759,82],{"class":81},[67,73761,240],{"class":239},[67,73763,244],{"class":243},[67,73765,240],{"class":239},[67,73767,89],{"class":81},[67,73769,251],{"class":239},[67,73771,254],{"class":243},[67,73773,240],{"class":239},[67,73775,89],{"class":81},[67,73777,251],{"class":239},[67,73779,263],{"class":243},[67,73781,240],{"class":239},[67,73783,100],{"class":81},[67,73785,73786,73788,73790,73792],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,73787,312],{"class":73},[67,73789,114],{"class":81},[67,73791,73558],{"class":117},[67,73793,121],{"class":81},[67,73795,73796,73798,73800,73802],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,73797,135],{"class":134},[67,73799,138],{"class":81},[67,73801,312],{"class":117},[67,73803,144],{"class":81},[14,73805,159],{},[58,73807,73809],{"className":60,"code":73808,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[17,73810,73811],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,73812,73813,73815,73817,73819,73821,73823,73825,73827,73829,73831,73833,73835,73837],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,73814,174],{"class":81},[67,73816,333],{"class":239},[67,73818,263],{"class":243},[67,73820,333],{"class":239},[67,73822,89],{"class":81},[67,73824,342],{"class":239},[67,73826,254],{"class":243},[67,73828,333],{"class":239},[67,73830,89],{"class":81},[67,73832,342],{"class":239},[67,73834,244],{"class":243},[67,73836,333],{"class":239},[67,73838,100],{"class":81},[53,73840,11663],{"id":11662},[14,73842,73843],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[58,73845,73847],{"className":60,"code":73846,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,73848,73849,73873,73883],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,73850,73851,73853,73855,73857,73859,73861,73863,73865,73867,73869,73871],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,73852,74],{"class":73},[67,73854,78],{"class":77},[67,73856,82],{"class":81},[67,73858,86],{"class":85},[67,73860,89],{"class":81},[67,73862,92],{"class":85},[67,73864,89],{"class":81},[67,73866,97],{"class":85},[67,73868,89],{"class":81},[67,73870,51021],{"class":85},[67,73872,100],{"class":81},[67,73874,73875,73877,73879,73881],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,73876,154],{"class":73},[67,73878,114],{"class":81},[67,73880,73558],{"class":117},[67,73882,121],{"class":81},[67,73884,73885,73887,73889,73891],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,73886,135],{"class":134},[67,73888,138],{"class":81},[67,73890,154],{"class":117},[67,73892,144],{"class":81},[14,73894,159],{},[58,73896,73898],{"className":60,"code":73897,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[17,73899,73900],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,73901,73902,73904,73906,73908,73910,73912,73914,73916,73918],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,73903,174],{"class":81},[67,73905,56861],{"class":85},[67,73907,89],{"class":81},[67,73909,97],{"class":85},[67,73911,89],{"class":81},[67,73913,92],{"class":85},[67,73915,89],{"class":81},[67,73917,6196],{"class":85},[67,73919,100],{"class":81},[14,73921,11872],{},[25,73923,73924,73930,73935],{},[28,73925,73926,73927],{},"The list starts as ",[17,73928,73929],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[28,73931,73932,73934],{},[17,73933,73502],{}," flips the order",[28,73936,73937],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[53,73939,73941,73943],{"id":73940},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[17,73942,73502],{}," changes the original list",[14,73945,73946,73947,73950],{},"This method is ",[3934,73948,73949],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[58,73952,73954],{"className":60,"code":73953,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[17,73955,73956,73988,73998,74002],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,73957,73958,73960,73962,73964,73966,73968,73970,73972,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982,73984,73986],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,73959,680],{"class":73},[67,73961,78],{"class":77},[67,73963,82],{"class":81},[67,73965,240],{"class":239},[67,73967,689],{"class":243},[67,73969,240],{"class":239},[67,73971,89],{"class":81},[67,73973,251],{"class":239},[67,73975,698],{"class":243},[67,73977,240],{"class":239},[67,73979,89],{"class":81},[67,73981,251],{"class":239},[67,73983,707],{"class":243},[67,73985,240],{"class":239},[67,73987,100],{"class":81},[67,73989,73990,73992,73994,73996],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,73991,766],{"class":73},[67,73993,114],{"class":81},[67,73995,73558],{"class":117},[67,73997,121],{"class":81},[67,73999,74000],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,74001,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,74003,74004,74006,74008,74010],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,74005,135],{"class":134},[67,74007,138],{"class":81},[67,74009,766],{"class":117},[67,74011,144],{"class":81},[14,74013,159],{},[58,74015,74017],{"className":60,"code":74016,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[17,74018,74019],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74020,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74022,174],{"class":81},[67,74024,333],{"class":239},[67,74026,707],{"class":243},[67,74028,333],{"class":239},[67,74030,89],{"class":81},[67,74032,342],{"class":239},[67,74034,698],{"class":243},[67,74036,333],{"class":239},[67,74038,89],{"class":81},[67,74040,342],{"class":239},[67,74042,689],{"class":243},[67,74044,333],{"class":239},[67,74046,100],{"class":81},[14,74048,185,74049,74051],{},[17,74050,73502],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,74053,74054],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[58,74056,74058],{"className":60,"code":74057,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[17,74059,74060,74092,74110,74114,74124],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74061,74062,74064,74066,74068,74070,74072,74074,74076,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088,74090],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74063,680],{"class":73},[67,74065,78],{"class":77},[67,74067,82],{"class":81},[67,74069,240],{"class":239},[67,74071,689],{"class":243},[67,74073,240],{"class":239},[67,74075,89],{"class":81},[67,74077,251],{"class":239},[67,74079,698],{"class":243},[67,74081,240],{"class":239},[67,74083,89],{"class":81},[67,74085,251],{"class":239},[67,74087,707],{"class":243},[67,74089,240],{"class":239},[67,74091,100],{"class":81},[67,74093,74094,74097,74099,74101,74104,74106,74108],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,74095,74096],{"class":73},"reversed_fruits ",[67,74098,78],{"class":77},[67,74100,733],{"class":73},[67,74102,74103],{"class":81},"[::",[67,74105,869],{"class":77},[67,74107,464],{"class":85},[67,74109,100],{"class":81},[67,74111,74112],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,74113,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,74115,74116,74118,74120,74122],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,74117,135],{"class":134},[67,74119,138],{"class":81},[67,74121,766],{"class":117},[67,74123,144],{"class":81},[67,74125,74126,74128,74130,74133],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,74127,135],{"class":134},[67,74129,138],{"class":81},[67,74131,74132],{"class":117},"reversed_fruits",[67,74134,144],{"class":81},[14,74136,159],{},[58,74138,74140],{"className":60,"code":74139,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[17,74141,74142,74170],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74143,74144,74146,74148,74150,74152,74154,74156,74158,74160,74162,74164,74166,74168],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74145,174],{"class":81},[67,74147,333],{"class":239},[67,74149,689],{"class":243},[67,74151,333],{"class":239},[67,74153,89],{"class":81},[67,74155,342],{"class":239},[67,74157,698],{"class":243},[67,74159,333],{"class":239},[67,74161,89],{"class":81},[67,74163,342],{"class":239},[67,74165,707],{"class":243},[67,74167,333],{"class":239},[67,74169,100],{"class":81},[67,74171,74172,74174,74176,74178,74180,74182,74184,74186,74188,74190,74192,74194,74196],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,74173,174],{"class":81},[67,74175,333],{"class":239},[67,74177,707],{"class":243},[67,74179,333],{"class":239},[67,74181,89],{"class":81},[67,74183,342],{"class":239},[67,74185,698],{"class":243},[67,74187,333],{"class":239},[67,74189,89],{"class":81},[67,74191,342],{"class":239},[67,74193,689],{"class":243},[67,74195,333],{"class":239},[67,74197,100],{"class":81},[14,74199,74200,74201,114],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[45,74202,74203],{"href":73520},"Python list slicing explained",[53,74205,74207],{"id":74206},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74209,74210],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[58,74212,74214],{"className":60,"code":74213,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,74215,74216,74236,74250,74254,74265],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74217,74218,74220,74222,74224,74226,74228,74230,74232,74234],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74219,74],{"class":73},[67,74221,78],{"class":77},[67,74223,82],{"class":81},[67,74225,464],{"class":85},[67,74227,89],{"class":81},[67,74229,3182],{"class":85},[67,74231,89],{"class":81},[67,74233,2639],{"class":85},[67,74235,100],{"class":81},[67,74237,74238,74240,74242,74244,74246,74248],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,74239,56059],{"class":73},[67,74241,78],{"class":77},[67,74243,111],{"class":73},[67,74245,114],{"class":81},[67,74247,73558],{"class":117},[67,74249,121],{"class":81},[67,74251,74252],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,74253,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,74255,74256,74258,74260,74263],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,74257,135],{"class":134},[67,74259,138],{"class":81},[67,74261,74262],{"class":117},"new_list",[67,74264,144],{"class":81},[67,74266,74267,74269,74271,74273],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,74268,135],{"class":134},[67,74270,138],{"class":81},[67,74272,154],{"class":117},[67,74274,144],{"class":81},[14,74276,159],{},[58,74278,74280],{"className":60,"code":74279,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[17,74281,74282,74286],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74283,74284],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74285,11997],{"class":4043},[67,74287,74288,74290,74292,74294,74296,74298,74300],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,74289,174],{"class":81},[67,74291,2251],{"class":85},[67,74293,89],{"class":81},[67,74295,3182],{"class":85},[67,74297,89],{"class":81},[67,74299,5689],{"class":85},[67,74301,100],{"class":81},[14,74303,12089],{},[25,74305,74306,74314,74318],{},[28,74307,74308,74310,74311,74313],{},[17,74309,73502],{}," changes ",[17,74312,154],{}," directly",[28,74315,41085,74316,71820],{},[3934,74317,4820],{},[28,74319,53828,74320,42335,74322],{},[17,74321,74262],{},[17,74323,1103],{},[14,74325,62067],{},[58,74327,74329],{"className":60,"code":74328,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,74330,74331,74351,74361,74365],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74332,74333,74335,74337,74339,74341,74343,74345,74347,74349],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74334,74],{"class":73},[67,74336,78],{"class":77},[67,74338,82],{"class":81},[67,74340,464],{"class":85},[67,74342,89],{"class":81},[67,74344,3182],{"class":85},[67,74346,89],{"class":81},[67,74348,2639],{"class":85},[67,74350,100],{"class":81},[67,74352,74353,74355,74357,74359],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,74354,154],{"class":73},[67,74356,114],{"class":81},[67,74358,73558],{"class":117},[67,74360,121],{"class":81},[67,74362,74363],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,74364,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,74366,74367,74369,74371,74373],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,74368,135],{"class":134},[67,74370,138],{"class":81},[67,74372,154],{"class":117},[67,74374,144],{"class":81},[14,74376,159],{},[58,74378,74380],{"className":60,"code":74379,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[17,74381,74382],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74383,74384,74386,74388,74390,74392,74394,74396],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74385,174],{"class":81},[67,74387,2251],{"class":85},[67,74389,89],{"class":81},[67,74391,3182],{"class":85},[67,74393,89],{"class":81},[67,74395,5689],{"class":85},[67,74397,100],{"class":81},[53,74399,74401,10773,74403,74406],{"id":74400},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[17,74402,73502],{},[17,74404,74405],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74408,74409],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1109,74411,74412],{"id":73558},[17,74413,73502],{},[14,74415,74416,74418],{},[17,74417,73502],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[58,74420,74422],{"className":60,"code":74421,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,74423,74424,74444,74454],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74425,74426,74428,74430,74432,74434,74436,74438,74440,74442],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74427,74],{"class":73},[67,74429,78],{"class":77},[67,74431,82],{"class":81},[67,74433,2251],{"class":85},[67,74435,89],{"class":81},[67,74437,5689],{"class":85},[67,74439,89],{"class":81},[67,74441,3182],{"class":85},[67,74443,100],{"class":81},[67,74445,74446,74448,74450,74452],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,74447,154],{"class":73},[67,74449,114],{"class":81},[67,74451,73558],{"class":117},[67,74453,121],{"class":81},[67,74455,74456,74458,74460,74462],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,74457,135],{"class":134},[67,74459,138],{"class":81},[67,74461,154],{"class":117},[67,74463,144],{"class":81},[14,74465,159],{},[58,74467,74469],{"className":60,"code":74468,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[17,74470,74471],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74472,74473,74475,74477,74479,74481,74483,74485],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74474,174],{"class":81},[67,74476,2245],{"class":85},[67,74478,89],{"class":81},[67,74480,5689],{"class":85},[67,74482,89],{"class":81},[67,74484,2639],{"class":85},[67,74486,100],{"class":81},[14,74488,74489,74490,74492],{},"Notice that this is ",[3934,74491,4820],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1109,74494,74496],{"id":74495},"sorted",[17,74497,74405],{},[14,74499,74500,74505],{},[45,74501,74503],{"href":74502},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[17,74504,74405],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[58,74507,74509],{"className":60,"code":74508,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[17,74510,74511,74531,74546,74550,74560],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74512,74513,74515,74517,74519,74521,74523,74525,74527,74529],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74514,74],{"class":73},[67,74516,78],{"class":77},[67,74518,82],{"class":81},[67,74520,2251],{"class":85},[67,74522,89],{"class":81},[67,74524,5689],{"class":85},[67,74526,89],{"class":81},[67,74528,3182],{"class":85},[67,74530,100],{"class":81},[67,74532,74533,74535,74537,74540,74542,74544],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,74534,2416],{"class":73},[67,74536,78],{"class":77},[67,74538,74539],{"class":134}," sorted",[67,74541,138],{"class":81},[67,74543,154],{"class":117},[67,74545,144],{"class":81},[67,74547,74548],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,74549,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,74551,74552,74554,74556,74558],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,74553,135],{"class":134},[67,74555,138],{"class":81},[67,74557,154],{"class":117},[67,74559,144],{"class":81},[67,74561,74562,74564,74566,74568],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,74563,135],{"class":134},[67,74565,138],{"class":81},[67,74567,2451],{"class":117},[67,74569,144],{"class":81},[14,74571,159],{},[58,74573,74575],{"className":60,"code":74574,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[17,74576,74577,74593],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74578,74579,74581,74583,74585,74587,74589,74591],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74580,174],{"class":81},[67,74582,2251],{"class":85},[67,74584,89],{"class":81},[67,74586,5689],{"class":85},[67,74588,89],{"class":81},[67,74590,3182],{"class":85},[67,74592,100],{"class":81},[67,74594,74595,74597,74599,74601,74603,74605,74607],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,74596,174],{"class":81},[67,74598,464],{"class":85},[67,74600,89],{"class":81},[67,74602,3182],{"class":85},[67,74604,89],{"class":81},[67,74606,2639],{"class":85},[67,74608,100],{"class":81},[14,74610,74611,74612,114],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[17,74613,74614],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1109,74616,74618],{"id":74617},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74620,74621,74622,74625],{},"Slicing with ",[17,74623,74624],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[58,74627,74629],{"className":60,"code":74628,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[17,74630,74631,74651,74667,74671,74681],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74632,74633,74635,74637,74639,74641,74643,74645,74647,74649],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74634,74],{"class":73},[67,74636,78],{"class":77},[67,74638,82],{"class":81},[67,74640,2251],{"class":85},[67,74642,89],{"class":81},[67,74644,5689],{"class":85},[67,74646,89],{"class":81},[67,74648,3182],{"class":85},[67,74650,100],{"class":81},[67,74652,74653,74655,74657,74659,74661,74663,74665],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,74654,2416],{"class":73},[67,74656,78],{"class":77},[67,74658,111],{"class":73},[67,74660,74103],{"class":81},[67,74662,869],{"class":77},[67,74664,464],{"class":85},[67,74666,100],{"class":81},[67,74668,74669],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,74670,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,74672,74673,74675,74677,74679],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,74674,135],{"class":134},[67,74676,138],{"class":81},[67,74678,154],{"class":117},[67,74680,144],{"class":81},[67,74682,74683,74685,74687,74689],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,74684,135],{"class":134},[67,74686,138],{"class":81},[67,74688,2451],{"class":117},[67,74690,144],{"class":81},[14,74692,159],{},[58,74694,74696],{"className":60,"code":74695,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[17,74697,74698,74714],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74699,74700,74702,74704,74706,74708,74710,74712],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74701,174],{"class":81},[67,74703,2251],{"class":85},[67,74705,89],{"class":81},[67,74707,5689],{"class":85},[67,74709,89],{"class":81},[67,74711,3182],{"class":85},[67,74713,100],{"class":81},[67,74715,74716,74718,74720,74722,74724,74726,74728],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,74717,174],{"class":81},[67,74719,2245],{"class":85},[67,74721,89],{"class":81},[67,74723,5689],{"class":85},[67,74725,89],{"class":81},[67,74727,2639],{"class":85},[67,74729,100],{"class":81},[1109,74731,74733],{"id":74732},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[25,74735,74736,74741,74746],{},[28,74737,185,74738,74740],{},[17,74739,73502],{}," when you want to change the original list",[28,74742,185,74743,74745],{},[17,74744,74624],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[28,74747,185,74748,74750],{},[17,74749,74405],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74752,74753,74754,74760],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[45,74755,74757,74758,946],{"href":74756},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[17,74759,64480],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[53,74762,5151,74764],{"id":74763},"when-to-use-reverse",[17,74765,73502],{},[14,74767,74768,74770],{},[17,74769,73502],{}," is a good choice:",[25,74772,74773,74776,74779],{},[28,74774,74775],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[28,74777,74778],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[28,74780,74781],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74783,74784,74785,114],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[45,74786,74788],{"href":74787},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[53,74790,1907],{"id":1906},[14,74792,74793,74794,74796],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[17,74795,73502],{}," for these reasons:",[25,74798,74799,74803,74808,74813],{},[28,74800,12784,74801,12787],{},[17,74802,73502],{},[28,74804,1930,74805,74807],{},[17,74806,73502],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[28,74809,8604,74810,74812],{},[17,74811,73502],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[28,74814,1923,74815,43,74817],{},[17,74816,73502],{},[17,74818,74819],{},"reversed()",[14,74821,74822],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[58,74824,74826],{"className":60,"code":74825,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[17,74827,74828,74840],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74829,74830,74832,74834,74836,74838],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74831,34873],{"class":73},[67,74833,78],{"class":77},[67,74835,251],{"class":239},[67,74837,4036],{"class":243},[67,74839,3547],{"class":239},[67,74841,74842,74844,74846,74848],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,74843,34894],{"class":73},[67,74845,114],{"class":81},[67,74847,73558],{"class":117},[67,74849,121],{"class":81},[14,74851,74852,74853,33785],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[17,74854,73502],{},[14,74856,74857],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[58,74859,74861],{"className":60,"code":74860,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[17,74862,74863,74883,74887,74897,74911,74915,74929,74939,74943],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74864,74865,74867,74869,74871,74873,74875,74877,74879,74881],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74866,8496],{"class":73},[67,74868,78],{"class":77},[67,74870,82],{"class":81},[67,74872,464],{"class":85},[67,74874,89],{"class":81},[67,74876,3182],{"class":85},[67,74878,89],{"class":81},[67,74880,2639],{"class":85},[67,74882,100],{"class":81},[67,74884,74885],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,74886,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,74888,74889,74891,74893,74895],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,74890,135],{"class":134},[67,74892,138],{"class":81},[67,74894,1953],{"class":117},[67,74896,144],{"class":81},[67,74898,74899,74901,74903,74905,74907,74909],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,74900,135],{"class":134},[67,74902,138],{"class":81},[67,74904,2011],{"class":362},[67,74906,138],{"class":81},[67,74908,1953],{"class":117},[67,74910,1426],{"class":81},[67,74912,74913],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,74914,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,74916,74917,74919,74921,74923,74925,74927],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,74918,2416],{"class":73},[67,74920,78],{"class":77},[67,74922,8582],{"class":73},[67,74924,114],{"class":81},[67,74926,73558],{"class":117},[67,74928,121],{"class":81},[67,74930,74931,74933,74935,74937],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,74932,135],{"class":134},[67,74934,138],{"class":81},[67,74936,2451],{"class":117},[67,74938,144],{"class":81},[67,74940,74941],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,74942,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,74944,74945,74947,74949,74951,74953,74955,74957],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,74946,135],{"class":134},[67,74948,138],{"class":81},[67,74950,1953],{"class":117},[67,74952,74103],{"class":81},[67,74954,869],{"class":77},[67,74956,464],{"class":85},[67,74958,376],{"class":81},[14,74960,159],{},[58,74962,74964],{"className":60,"code":74963,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[17,74965,74966,74982,74996,75000],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,74967,74968,74970,74972,74974,74976,74978,74980],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,74969,174],{"class":81},[67,74971,464],{"class":85},[67,74973,89],{"class":81},[67,74975,3182],{"class":85},[67,74977,89],{"class":81},[67,74979,2639],{"class":85},[67,74981,100],{"class":81},[67,74983,74984,74986,74988,74990,74992,74994],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,74985,1397],{"class":77},[67,74987,3482],{"class":2254},[67,74989,342],{"class":239},[67,74991,363],{"class":243},[67,74993,333],{"class":239},[67,74995,3491],{"class":77},[67,74997,74998],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,74999,11997],{"class":4043},[67,75001,75002,75004,75006,75008,75010,75012,75014],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,75003,174],{"class":81},[67,75005,464],{"class":85},[67,75007,89],{"class":81},[67,75009,3182],{"class":85},[67,75011,89],{"class":81},[67,75013,5689],{"class":85},[67,75015,100],{"class":81},[14,75017,75018],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[58,75020,75022],{"className":60,"code":75021,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[17,75023,75024,75044,75048,75058,75072,75076,75090,75100,75110],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,75025,75026,75028,75030,75032,75034,75036,75038,75040,75042],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,75027,8496],{"class":73},[67,75029,78],{"class":77},[67,75031,82],{"class":81},[67,75033,464],{"class":85},[67,75035,89],{"class":81},[67,75037,3182],{"class":85},[67,75039,89],{"class":81},[67,75041,2639],{"class":85},[67,75043,100],{"class":81},[67,75045,75046],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,75047,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,75049,75050,75052,75054,75056],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,75051,135],{"class":134},[67,75053,138],{"class":81},[67,75055,1953],{"class":117},[67,75057,144],{"class":81},[67,75059,75060,75062,75064,75066,75068,75070],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,75061,135],{"class":134},[67,75063,138],{"class":81},[67,75065,2011],{"class":362},[67,75067,138],{"class":81},[67,75069,1953],{"class":117},[67,75071,1426],{"class":81},[67,75073,75074],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,75075,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,75077,75078,75080,75082,75084,75086,75088],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,75079,2416],{"class":73},[67,75081,78],{"class":77},[67,75083,8582],{"class":73},[67,75085,114],{"class":81},[67,75087,73558],{"class":117},[67,75089,121],{"class":81},[67,75091,75092,75094,75096,75098],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,75093,135],{"class":134},[67,75095,138],{"class":81},[67,75097,2451],{"class":117},[67,75099,144],{"class":81},[67,75101,75102,75104,75106,75108],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,75103,135],{"class":134},[67,75105,138],{"class":81},[67,75107,1953],{"class":117},[67,75109,144],{"class":81},[67,75111,75112,75114,75116,75118,75120,75122,75124],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,75113,135],{"class":134},[67,75115,138],{"class":81},[67,75117,1953],{"class":117},[67,75119,74103],{"class":81},[67,75121,869],{"class":77},[67,75123,464],{"class":85},[67,75125,376],{"class":81},[14,75127,159],{},[58,75129,75131],{"className":60,"code":75130,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[17,75132,75133,75149,75163,75167,75183],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,75134,75135,75137,75139,75141,75143,75145,75147],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,75136,174],{"class":81},[67,75138,464],{"class":85},[67,75140,89],{"class":81},[67,75142,3182],{"class":85},[67,75144,89],{"class":81},[67,75146,2639],{"class":85},[67,75148,100],{"class":81},[67,75150,75151,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,75152,1397],{"class":77},[67,75154,3482],{"class":2254},[67,75156,342],{"class":239},[67,75158,363],{"class":243},[67,75160,333],{"class":239},[67,75162,3491],{"class":77},[67,75164,75165],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,75166,11997],{"class":4043},[67,75168,75169,75171,75173,75175,75177,75179,75181],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,75170,174],{"class":81},[67,75172,2251],{"class":85},[67,75174,89],{"class":81},[67,75176,3182],{"class":85},[67,75178,89],{"class":81},[67,75180,5689],{"class":85},[67,75182,100],{"class":81},[67,75184,75185,75187,75189,75191,75193,75195,75197],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,75186,174],{"class":81},[67,75188,464],{"class":85},[67,75190,89],{"class":81},[67,75192,3182],{"class":85},[67,75194,89],{"class":81},[67,75196,2639],{"class":85},[67,75198,100],{"class":81},[14,75200,75201],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[25,75203,75204,75213,75222],{},[28,75205,27983,75206,75209,75210],{},[17,75207,75208],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[17,75211,75212],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[28,75214,12105,75215,75218,75219,22749],{},[17,75216,75217],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[3934,75220,75221],{},"current",[28,75223,75224,75225],{},"So it prints ",[17,75226,75227],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[53,75229,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,75231,12894,75233,55640],{"id":75232},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[17,75234,73507],{},[14,75236,62771,75237,114],{},[17,75238,1103],{},[1109,75240,34390,75242,34393,75244,2681],{"id":75241},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[17,75243,73502],{},[17,75245,75246],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75248,75249,75251],{},[17,75250,73502],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75253,75254,75256],{},[17,75255,75246],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1109,75258,28516,75260,75262],{"id":75259},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[17,75261,73502],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75264,46543,75265,75267],{},[17,75266,73502],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1109,75269,75271],{"id":75270},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75273,75274],{},"Use slicing:",[58,75276,75278],{"className":60,"code":75277,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list[::-1]\n",[17,75279,75280],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,75281,75282,75284,75286,75288,75290],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,75283,1953],{"class":73},[67,75285,74103],{"class":81},[67,75287,869],{"class":77},[67,75289,464],{"class":85},[67,75291,100],{"class":81},[14,75293,75294],{},"Or use:",[58,75296,75298],{"className":60,"code":75297,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[17,75299,75300],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,75301,75302,75304,75306,75309,75311,75313],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,75303,363],{"class":362},[67,75305,138],{"class":81},[67,75307,75308],{"class":134},"reversed",[67,75310,138],{"class":81},[67,75312,1953],{"class":117},[67,75314,1426],{"class":81},[14,75316,75317,75318,75322],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[45,75319,55690,75320],{"href":55135},[17,75321,12966],{}," can also help.",[53,75324,2094],{"id":2093},[25,75326,75327,75333,75339,75343,75347],{},[28,75328,75329],{},[45,75330,55690,75331,946],{"href":74756},[17,75332,64480],{},[28,75334,75335],{},[45,75336,3764,75337,3697],{"href":74502},[17,75338,74405],{},[28,75340,75341],{},[45,75342,74788],{"href":74787},[28,75344,75345],{},[45,75346,74203],{"href":73520},[28,75348,75349],{},[45,75350,55690,75351,946],{"href":55135},[17,75352,12966],{},[2122,75354,75355],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":75357},[75358,75359,75361,75362,75363,75365,75366,75373,75375,75376,75385],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":73581,"depth":103,"text":75360},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":73940,"depth":103,"text":75364},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74206,"depth":103,"text":74207},{"id":74400,"depth":103,"text":75367,"children":75368},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75369,75370,75371,75372],{"id":73558,"depth":124,"text":73502},{"id":74495,"depth":124,"text":74405},{"id":74617,"depth":124,"text":74618},{"id":74732,"depth":124,"text":74733},{"id":74763,"depth":103,"text":75374},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":75377},[75378,75380,75382,75384],{"id":75232,"depth":124,"text":75379},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75241,"depth":124,"text":75381},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75259,"depth":124,"text":75383},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75270,"depth":124,"text":75271},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73494,"description":75386},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75393,"title":75394,"body":75395,"description":77828,"extension":2153,"meta":77829,"navigation":127,"path":77830,"seo":77831,"stem":77832,"__hash__":77833},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75396,"toc":77796},[75397,75400,75412,75415,75438,75446,75448,75560,75569,75573,75576,75579,75666,75668,75701,75703,75726,75732,75736,75739,75761,75763,75780,75783,75803,75805,75915,75917,75994,75998,76001,76044,76046,76179,76181,76283,76288,76292,76295,76297,76311,76314,76428,76430,76504,76506,76534,76538,76543,76573,76576,76702,76704,76786,76792,76796,76798,76837,76846,76850,76853,76857,76904,76906,76914,76918,76969,76971,76984,76986,77000,77003,77011,77013,77060,77062,77070,77073,77116,77121,77124,77127,77150,77154,77205,77208,77229,77239,77243,77245,77275,77278,77301,77305,77308,77375,77377,77414,77417,77425,77492,77494,77531,77537,77544,77548,77551,77581,77586,77590,77593,77617,77620,77714,77724,77726,77730,77733,77737,77740,77745,77748,77754,77757,77759,77787,77793],[10,75398,75394],{"id":75399},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75401,75402,75403,1550,75405,17260,75408,75411],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[17,75404,36256],{},[17,75406,75407],{},"stop",[17,75409,75410],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75413,75414],{},"The basic slice form is:",[58,75416,75418],{"className":60,"code":75417,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[17,75419,75420],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,75421,75422,75424,75426,75428,75430,75432,75434,75436],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,75423,1953],{"class":73},[67,75425,174],{"class":81},[67,75427,36256],{"class":73},[67,75429,1161],{"class":81},[67,75431,75407],{"class":73},[67,75433,1161],{"class":81},[67,75435,75410],{"class":73},[67,75437,100],{"class":81},[14,75439,75440,75441,75443,75444,114],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[17,75442,75407],{}," position is ",[3934,75445,65237],{},[53,75447,56],{"id":55},[58,75449,75451],{"className":60,"code":75450,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[17,75452,75453,75481,75485,75506,75524,75541],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,75454,75455,75457,75459,75461,75463,75465,75467,75469,75471,75473,75475,75477,75479],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,75456,74],{"class":73},[67,75458,78],{"class":77},[67,75460,82],{"class":81},[67,75462,86],{"class":85},[67,75464,89],{"class":81},[67,75466,92],{"class":85},[67,75468,89],{"class":81},[67,75470,97],{"class":85},[67,75472,89],{"class":81},[67,75474,51021],{"class":85},[67,75476,89],{"class":81},[67,75478,5269],{"class":85},[67,75480,100],{"class":81},[67,75482,75483],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,75484,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,75486,75487,75489,75491,75493,75495,75497,75499,75501,75503],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,75488,135],{"class":134},[67,75490,138],{"class":81},[67,75492,154],{"class":117},[67,75494,174],{"class":81},[67,75496,464],{"class":85},[67,75498,1161],{"class":81},[67,75500,2694],{"class":85},[67,75502,20634],{"class":81},[67,75504,75505],{"class":3852},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[67,75507,75508,75510,75512,75514,75517,75519,75521],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,75509,135],{"class":134},[67,75511,138],{"class":81},[67,75513,154],{"class":117},[67,75515,75516],{"class":81},"[:",[67,75518,2251],{"class":85},[67,75520,20634],{"class":81},[67,75522,75523],{"class":3852},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[67,75525,75526,75528,75530,75532,75534,75536,75538],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,75527,135],{"class":134},[67,75529,138],{"class":81},[67,75531,154],{"class":117},[67,75533,74103],{"class":81},[67,75535,2245],{"class":85},[67,75537,20634],{"class":81},[67,75539,75540],{"class":3852},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[67,75542,75543,75545,75547,75549,75551,75553,75555,75557],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,75544,135],{"class":134},[67,75546,138],{"class":81},[67,75548,154],{"class":117},[67,75550,74103],{"class":81},[67,75552,869],{"class":77},[67,75554,464],{"class":85},[67,75556,20634],{"class":81},[67,75558,75559],{"class":3852},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75561,185,75562,75565,75566,75568],{},[17,75563,75564],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[17,75567,75407],{}," value is not included.",[53,75570,75572],{"id":75571},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75574,75575],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75577,75578],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[58,75580,75582],{"className":60,"code":75581,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[17,75583,75584,75632,75636,75655],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,75585,75586,75588,75590,75592,75594,75596,75598,75600,75602,75604,75606,75608,75610,75612,75614,75616,75618,75620,75622,75624,75626,75628,75630],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,75587,411],{"class":73},[67,75589,78],{"class":77},[67,75591,82],{"class":81},[67,75593,240],{"class":239},[67,75595,45],{"class":243},[67,75597,240],{"class":239},[67,75599,89],{"class":81},[67,75601,251],{"class":239},[67,75603,428],{"class":243},[67,75605,240],{"class":239},[67,75607,89],{"class":81},[67,75609,251],{"class":239},[67,75611,437],{"class":243},[67,75613,240],{"class":239},[67,75615,89],{"class":81},[67,75617,251],{"class":239},[67,75619,18955],{"class":243},[67,75621,240],{"class":239},[67,75623,89],{"class":81},[67,75625,251],{"class":239},[67,75627,60616],{"class":243},[67,75629,240],{"class":239},[67,75631,100],{"class":81},[67,75633,75634],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,75635,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,75637,75638,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,75639,75640],{"class":73},"part ",[67,75642,78],{"class":77},[67,75644,455],{"class":73},[67,75646,174],{"class":81},[67,75648,464],{"class":85},[67,75650,1161],{"class":81},[67,75652,2694],{"class":85},[67,75654,100],{"class":81},[67,75656,75657,75659,75661,75664],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,75658,135],{"class":134},[67,75660,138],{"class":81},[67,75662,75663],{"class":117},"part",[67,75665,144],{"class":81},[14,75667,159],{},[58,75669,75671],{"className":60,"code":75670,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[17,75672,75673],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,75674,75675,75677,75679,75681,75683,75685,75687,75689,75691,75693,75695,75697,75699],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,75676,174],{"class":81},[67,75678,333],{"class":239},[67,75680,428],{"class":243},[67,75682,333],{"class":239},[67,75684,89],{"class":81},[67,75686,342],{"class":239},[67,75688,437],{"class":243},[67,75690,333],{"class":239},[67,75692,89],{"class":81},[67,75694,342],{"class":239},[67,75696,18955],{"class":243},[67,75698,333],{"class":239},[67,75700,100],{"class":81},[14,75702,13241],{},[25,75704,75705,75708,75711,75717,75723],{},[28,75706,75707],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[28,75709,75710],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[28,75712,75713,75714],{},"Basic form: ",[17,75715,75716],{},"list[start:stop]",[28,75718,75719,75720,75722],{},"The item at ",[17,75721,75407],{}," is not included",[28,75724,75725],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75727,75728,75729,114],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[45,75730,75731],{"href":530},"beginner guide to Python lists",[53,75733,75735],{"id":75734},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75737,75738],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[58,75740,75741],{"className":60,"code":75417,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,75742,75743],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,75744,75745,75747,75749,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,75746,1953],{"class":73},[67,75748,174],{"class":81},[67,75750,36256],{"class":73},[67,75752,1161],{"class":81},[67,75754,75407],{"class":73},[67,75756,1161],{"class":81},[67,75758,75410],{"class":73},[67,75760,100],{"class":81},[14,75762,65213],{},[25,75764,75765,75770,75775],{},[28,75766,75767,75769],{},[17,75768,36256],{}," is where slicing begins",[28,75771,75772,75774],{},[17,75773,75407],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[28,75776,75777,75779],{},[17,75778,75410],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75781,75782],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[25,75784,75785,75791,75796],{},[28,75786,75787,75788,75790],{},"Missing ",[17,75789,36256],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[28,75792,75787,75793,75795],{},[17,75794,75407],{}," means go to the end of the list",[28,75797,75787,75798,75800,75801],{},[17,75799,75410],{}," means use ",[17,75802,464],{},[14,75804,222],{},[58,75806,75808],{"className":60,"code":75807,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[17,75809,75810,75838,75842,75863,75880,75898],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,75811,75812,75814,75816,75818,75820,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,75813,74],{"class":73},[67,75815,78],{"class":77},[67,75817,82],{"class":81},[67,75819,86],{"class":85},[67,75821,89],{"class":81},[67,75823,92],{"class":85},[67,75825,89],{"class":81},[67,75827,97],{"class":85},[67,75829,89],{"class":81},[67,75831,51021],{"class":85},[67,75833,89],{"class":81},[67,75835,5269],{"class":85},[67,75837,100],{"class":81},[67,75839,75840],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,75841,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,75843,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858,75860],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,75845,135],{"class":134},[67,75847,138],{"class":81},[67,75849,154],{"class":117},[67,75851,174],{"class":81},[67,75853,464],{"class":85},[67,75855,1161],{"class":81},[67,75857,2694],{"class":85},[67,75859,20634],{"class":81},[67,75861,75862],{"class":3852},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[67,75864,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873,75875,75877],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,75866,135],{"class":134},[67,75868,138],{"class":81},[67,75870,154],{"class":117},[67,75872,75516],{"class":81},[67,75874,2251],{"class":85},[67,75876,20634],{"class":81},[67,75878,75879],{"class":3852},"    # start from the beginning\n",[67,75881,75882,75884,75886,75888,75890,75892,75895],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,75883,135],{"class":134},[67,75885,138],{"class":81},[67,75887,154],{"class":117},[67,75889,174],{"class":81},[67,75891,2245],{"class":85},[67,75893,75894],{"class":81},":])",[67,75896,75897],{"class":3852},"    # go to the end\n",[67,75899,75900,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910,75912],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,75901,135],{"class":134},[67,75903,138],{"class":81},[67,75905,154],{"class":117},[67,75907,74103],{"class":81},[67,75909,464],{"class":85},[67,75911,20634],{"class":81},[67,75913,75914],{"class":3852},"   # step of 1\n",[14,75916,159],{},[58,75918,75920],{"className":60,"code":75919,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[17,75921,75922,75938,75954,75970],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,75923,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,75925,174],{"class":81},[67,75927,1843],{"class":85},[67,75929,89],{"class":81},[67,75931,97],{"class":85},[67,75933,89],{"class":81},[67,75935,51021],{"class":85},[67,75937,100],{"class":81},[67,75939,75940,75942,75944,75946,75948,75950,75952],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,75941,174],{"class":81},[67,75943,86],{"class":85},[67,75945,89],{"class":81},[67,75947,92],{"class":85},[67,75949,89],{"class":81},[67,75951,97],{"class":85},[67,75953,100],{"class":81},[67,75955,75956,75958,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,75957,174],{"class":81},[67,75959,37021],{"class":85},[67,75961,89],{"class":81},[67,75963,51021],{"class":85},[67,75965,89],{"class":81},[67,75967,5269],{"class":85},[67,75969,100],{"class":81},[67,75971,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,75973,174],{"class":81},[67,75975,86],{"class":85},[67,75977,89],{"class":81},[67,75979,92],{"class":85},[67,75981,89],{"class":81},[67,75983,97],{"class":85},[67,75985,89],{"class":81},[67,75987,51021],{"class":85},[67,75989,89],{"class":81},[67,75991,5269],{"class":85},[67,75993,100],{"class":81},[53,75995,75997],{"id":75996},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,75999,76000],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[25,76002,76003,76012,76021,76032,76038],{},[28,76004,76005,76008,76009,1220],{},[17,76006,76007],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[17,76010,76011],{},"n",[28,76013,76014,76017,76018,76020],{},[17,76015,76016],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[17,76019,76011],{}," to the end",[28,76022,76023,76026,76027,76029,76030],{},[17,76024,76025],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[17,76028,45],{}," up to ",[17,76031,428],{},[28,76033,76034,76037],{},[17,76035,76036],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[28,76039,76040,76043],{},[17,76041,76042],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,76045,222],{},[58,76047,76049],{"className":60,"code":76048,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[17,76050,76051,76084,76088,76105,76122,76143,76160],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,76052,76053,76055,76057,76059,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077,76079,76082],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,76054,74],{"class":73},[67,76056,78],{"class":77},[67,76058,82],{"class":81},[67,76060,86],{"class":85},[67,76062,89],{"class":81},[67,76064,92],{"class":85},[67,76066,89],{"class":81},[67,76068,97],{"class":85},[67,76070,89],{"class":81},[67,76072,51021],{"class":85},[67,76074,89],{"class":81},[67,76076,5269],{"class":85},[67,76078,89],{"class":81},[67,76080,76081],{"class":85}," 60",[67,76083,100],{"class":81},[67,76085,76086],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,76087,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,76089,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098,76100,76102],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,76091,135],{"class":134},[67,76093,138],{"class":81},[67,76095,154],{"class":117},[67,76097,75516],{"class":81},[67,76099,2251],{"class":85},[67,76101,20634],{"class":81},[67,76103,76104],{"class":3852},"    # first 3 items\n",[67,76106,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,76108,135],{"class":134},[67,76110,138],{"class":81},[67,76112,154],{"class":117},[67,76114,174],{"class":81},[67,76116,2251],{"class":85},[67,76118,75894],{"class":81},[67,76120,76121],{"class":3852},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[67,76123,76124,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,76125,135],{"class":134},[67,76127,138],{"class":81},[67,76129,154],{"class":117},[67,76131,174],{"class":81},[67,76133,464],{"class":85},[67,76135,1161],{"class":81},[67,76137,1308],{"class":85},[67,76139,20634],{"class":81},[67,76141,76142],{"class":3852},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[67,76144,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,76146,135],{"class":134},[67,76148,138],{"class":81},[67,76150,154],{"class":117},[67,76152,74103],{"class":81},[67,76154,2245],{"class":85},[67,76156,20634],{"class":81},[67,76158,76159],{"class":3852},"   # every second item\n",[67,76161,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170,76172,76174,76176],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,76163,135],{"class":134},[67,76165,138],{"class":81},[67,76167,154],{"class":117},[67,76169,74103],{"class":81},[67,76171,869],{"class":77},[67,76173,464],{"class":85},[67,76175,20634],{"class":81},[67,76177,76178],{"class":3852},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,76180,159],{},[58,76182,76184],{"className":60,"code":76183,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[17,76185,76186,76202,76218,76238,76254],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,76187,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,76189,174],{"class":81},[67,76191,86],{"class":85},[67,76193,89],{"class":81},[67,76195,92],{"class":85},[67,76197,89],{"class":81},[67,76199,97],{"class":85},[67,76201,100],{"class":81},[67,76203,76204,76206,76208,76210,76212,76214,76216],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,76205,174],{"class":81},[67,76207,56861],{"class":85},[67,76209,89],{"class":81},[67,76211,5269],{"class":85},[67,76213,89],{"class":81},[67,76215,76081],{"class":85},[67,76217,100],{"class":81},[67,76219,76220,76222,76224,76226,76228,76230,76232,76234,76236],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,76221,174],{"class":81},[67,76223,1843],{"class":85},[67,76225,89],{"class":81},[67,76227,97],{"class":85},[67,76229,89],{"class":81},[67,76231,51021],{"class":85},[67,76233,89],{"class":81},[67,76235,5269],{"class":85},[67,76237,100],{"class":81},[67,76239,76240,76242,76244,76246,76248,76250,76252],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,76241,174],{"class":81},[67,76243,86],{"class":85},[67,76245,89],{"class":81},[67,76247,97],{"class":85},[67,76249,89],{"class":81},[67,76251,5269],{"class":85},[67,76253,100],{"class":81},[67,76255,76256,76258,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,76257,174],{"class":81},[67,76259,76260],{"class":85},"60",[67,76262,89],{"class":81},[67,76264,5269],{"class":85},[67,76266,89],{"class":81},[67,76268,51021],{"class":85},[67,76270,89],{"class":81},[67,76272,97],{"class":85},[67,76274,89],{"class":81},[67,76276,92],{"class":85},[67,76278,89],{"class":81},[67,76280,6196],{"class":85},[67,76282,100],{"class":81},[14,76284,76285,76286,114],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[45,76287,15075],{"href":57388},[53,76289,76291],{"id":76290},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76293,76294],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76296,5663],{},[25,76298,76299,76305],{},[28,76300,76301,76304],{},[17,76302,76303],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[28,76306,76307,76310],{},[17,76308,76309],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76312,76313],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[58,76315,76317],{"className":60,"code":76316,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[17,76318,76319,76367,76371,76390,76409],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,76320,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363,76365],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,76322,411],{"class":73},[67,76324,78],{"class":77},[67,76326,82],{"class":81},[67,76328,240],{"class":239},[67,76330,45],{"class":243},[67,76332,240],{"class":239},[67,76334,89],{"class":81},[67,76336,251],{"class":239},[67,76338,428],{"class":243},[67,76340,240],{"class":239},[67,76342,89],{"class":81},[67,76344,251],{"class":239},[67,76346,437],{"class":243},[67,76348,240],{"class":239},[67,76350,89],{"class":81},[67,76352,251],{"class":239},[67,76354,18955],{"class":243},[67,76356,240],{"class":239},[67,76358,89],{"class":81},[67,76360,251],{"class":239},[67,76362,60616],{"class":243},[67,76364,240],{"class":239},[67,76366,100],{"class":81},[67,76368,76369],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,76370,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,76372,76373,76375,76377,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,76374,135],{"class":134},[67,76376,138],{"class":81},[67,76378,490],{"class":117},[67,76380,174],{"class":81},[67,76382,869],{"class":77},[67,76384,464],{"class":85},[67,76386,20634],{"class":81},[67,76388,76389],{"class":3852},"    # last item\n",[67,76391,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,76393,135],{"class":134},[67,76395,138],{"class":81},[67,76397,490],{"class":117},[67,76399,174],{"class":81},[67,76401,869],{"class":77},[67,76403,2251],{"class":85},[67,76405,75894],{"class":81},[67,76407,76408],{"class":3852},"   # last 3 items\n",[67,76410,76411,76413,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,76412,135],{"class":134},[67,76414,138],{"class":81},[67,76416,490],{"class":117},[67,76418,75516],{"class":81},[67,76420,869],{"class":77},[67,76422,464],{"class":85},[67,76424,20634],{"class":81},[67,76426,76427],{"class":3852},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76429,159],{},[58,76431,76433],{"className":60,"code":76432,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[17,76434,76435,76440,76468],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,76436,76437],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,76438,76439],{"class":73},"e\n",[67,76441,76442,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458,76460,76462,76464,76466],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,76443,174],{"class":81},[67,76445,333],{"class":239},[67,76447,437],{"class":243},[67,76449,333],{"class":239},[67,76451,89],{"class":81},[67,76453,342],{"class":239},[67,76455,18955],{"class":243},[67,76457,333],{"class":239},[67,76459,89],{"class":81},[67,76461,342],{"class":239},[67,76463,60616],{"class":243},[67,76465,333],{"class":239},[67,76467,100],{"class":81},[67,76469,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482,76484,76486,76488,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498,76500,76502],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,76471,174],{"class":81},[67,76473,333],{"class":239},[67,76475,45],{"class":243},[67,76477,333],{"class":239},[67,76479,89],{"class":81},[67,76481,342],{"class":239},[67,76483,428],{"class":243},[67,76485,333],{"class":239},[67,76487,89],{"class":81},[67,76489,342],{"class":239},[67,76491,437],{"class":243},[67,76493,333],{"class":239},[67,76495,89],{"class":81},[67,76497,342],{"class":239},[67,76499,18955],{"class":243},[67,76501,333],{"class":239},[67,76503,100],{"class":81},[14,76505,13241],{},[25,76507,76508,76511,76515,76521,76527],{},[28,76509,76510],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[28,76512,76513,76304],{},[17,76514,76303],{},[28,76516,76517,76520],{},[17,76518,76519],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[28,76522,76523,76526],{},[17,76524,76525],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[28,76528,76529,76530,961,76532],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[17,76531,36256],{},[17,76533,75407],{},[53,76535,76537],{"id":76536},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76539,379,76540,76542],{},[17,76541,75410],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[25,76544,76545,76548,76551,76556,76566],{},[28,76546,76547],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[28,76549,76550],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[28,76552,76553,76555],{},[17,76554,76042],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[28,76557,9061,76558,76560,76561,76563,76564],{},[17,76559,75410],{}," is negative, ",[17,76562,36256],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[17,76565,75407],{},[28,76567,76568,76570,76571],{},[17,76569,75410],{}," cannot be ",[17,76572,1031],{},[14,76574,76575],{},"Example with different step values:",[58,76577,76579],{"className":60,"code":76578,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[17,76580,76581,76613,76617,76634,76656,76675],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,76582,76583,76585,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595,76597,76599,76601,76603,76605,76607,76609,76611],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,76584,74],{"class":73},[67,76586,78],{"class":77},[67,76588,82],{"class":81},[67,76590,86],{"class":85},[67,76592,89],{"class":81},[67,76594,92],{"class":85},[67,76596,89],{"class":81},[67,76598,97],{"class":85},[67,76600,89],{"class":81},[67,76602,51021],{"class":85},[67,76604,89],{"class":81},[67,76606,5269],{"class":85},[67,76608,89],{"class":81},[67,76610,76081],{"class":85},[67,76612,100],{"class":81},[67,76614,76615],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,76616,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,76618,76619,76621,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,76620,135],{"class":134},[67,76622,138],{"class":81},[67,76624,154],{"class":117},[67,76626,74103],{"class":81},[67,76628,2245],{"class":85},[67,76630,20634],{"class":81},[67,76632,76633],{"class":3852},"     # every second item\n",[67,76635,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646,76649,76651,76653],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,76637,135],{"class":134},[67,76639,138],{"class":81},[67,76641,154],{"class":117},[67,76643,174],{"class":81},[67,76645,464],{"class":85},[67,76647,76648],{"class":81},"::",[67,76650,2245],{"class":85},[67,76652,20634],{"class":81},[67,76654,76655],{"class":3852},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[67,76657,76658,76660,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,76659,135],{"class":134},[67,76661,138],{"class":81},[67,76663,154],{"class":117},[67,76665,74103],{"class":81},[67,76667,869],{"class":77},[67,76669,464],{"class":85},[67,76671,20634],{"class":81},[67,76673,76674],{"class":3852},"    # reverse the list\n",[67,76676,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,76678,135],{"class":134},[67,76680,138],{"class":81},[67,76682,154],{"class":117},[67,76684,174],{"class":81},[67,76686,2694],{"class":85},[67,76688,1161],{"class":81},[67,76690,464],{"class":85},[67,76692,1161],{"class":81},[67,76694,869],{"class":77},[67,76696,464],{"class":85},[67,76698,20634],{"class":81},[67,76700,76701],{"class":3852},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76703,159],{},[58,76705,76707],{"className":60,"code":76706,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[17,76708,76709,76725,76741,76769],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,76710,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,76712,174],{"class":81},[67,76714,86],{"class":85},[67,76716,89],{"class":81},[67,76718,97],{"class":85},[67,76720,89],{"class":81},[67,76722,5269],{"class":85},[67,76724,100],{"class":81},[67,76726,76727,76729,76731,76733,76735,76737,76739],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,76728,174],{"class":81},[67,76730,1843],{"class":85},[67,76732,89],{"class":81},[67,76734,51021],{"class":85},[67,76736,89],{"class":81},[67,76738,76081],{"class":85},[67,76740,100],{"class":81},[67,76742,76743,76745,76747,76749,76751,76753,76755,76757,76759,76761,76763,76765,76767],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,76744,174],{"class":81},[67,76746,76260],{"class":85},[67,76748,89],{"class":81},[67,76750,5269],{"class":85},[67,76752,89],{"class":81},[67,76754,51021],{"class":85},[67,76756,89],{"class":81},[67,76758,97],{"class":85},[67,76760,89],{"class":81},[67,76762,92],{"class":85},[67,76764,89],{"class":81},[67,76766,6196],{"class":85},[67,76768,100],{"class":81},[67,76770,76771,76773,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,76772,174],{"class":81},[67,76774,76775],{"class":85},"50",[67,76777,89],{"class":81},[67,76779,51021],{"class":85},[67,76781,89],{"class":81},[67,76783,97],{"class":85},[67,76785,100],{"class":81},[14,76787,76788,76789,114],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[45,76790,76791],{"href":74787},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1109,76793,76795],{"id":76794},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76797,3026],{},[58,76799,76801],{"className":60,"code":76800,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[17,76802,76803,76823],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,76804,76805,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815,76817,76819,76821],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,76806,74],{"class":73},[67,76808,78],{"class":77},[67,76810,82],{"class":81},[67,76812,464],{"class":85},[67,76814,89],{"class":81},[67,76816,3182],{"class":85},[67,76818,89],{"class":81},[67,76820,2639],{"class":85},[67,76822,100],{"class":81},[67,76824,76825,76827,76829,76831,76833,76835],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,76826,135],{"class":134},[67,76828,138],{"class":81},[67,76830,154],{"class":117},[67,76832,74103],{"class":81},[67,76834,1031],{"class":85},[67,76836,376],{"class":81},[14,76838,76839,76840,76842,76843,76845],{},"Python raises a ",[17,76841,40883],{}," because a slice step of ",[17,76844,1031],{}," does not make sense.",[53,76847,76849],{"id":76848},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76851,76852],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1109,76854,76856],{"id":76855},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[58,76858,76860],{"className":60,"code":76859,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[17,76861,76862,76886,76890],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,76863,76864,76866,76868,76870,76872,76874,76876,76878,76880,76882,76884],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,76865,74],{"class":73},[67,76867,78],{"class":77},[67,76869,82],{"class":81},[67,76871,86],{"class":85},[67,76873,89],{"class":81},[67,76875,92],{"class":85},[67,76877,89],{"class":81},[67,76879,97],{"class":85},[67,76881,89],{"class":81},[67,76883,51021],{"class":85},[67,76885,100],{"class":81},[67,76887,76888],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,76889,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,76891,76892,76894,76896,76898,76900,76902],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,76893,135],{"class":134},[67,76895,138],{"class":81},[67,76897,154],{"class":117},[67,76899,174],{"class":81},[67,76901,2245],{"class":85},[67,76903,376],{"class":81},[14,76905,159],{},[58,76907,76908],{"className":60,"code":169,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,76909,76910],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,76911,76912],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,76913,169],{"class":85},[1109,76915,76917],{"id":76916},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[58,76919,76921],{"className":60,"code":76920,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[17,76922,76923,76947,76951],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,76924,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935,76937,76939,76941,76943,76945],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,76926,74],{"class":73},[67,76928,78],{"class":77},[67,76930,82],{"class":81},[67,76932,86],{"class":85},[67,76934,89],{"class":81},[67,76936,92],{"class":85},[67,76938,89],{"class":81},[67,76940,97],{"class":85},[67,76942,89],{"class":81},[67,76944,51021],{"class":85},[67,76946,100],{"class":81},[67,76948,76949],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,76950,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,76952,76953,76955,76957,76959,76961,76963,76965,76967],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,76954,135],{"class":134},[67,76956,138],{"class":81},[67,76958,154],{"class":117},[67,76960,174],{"class":81},[67,76962,2245],{"class":85},[67,76964,1161],{"class":81},[67,76966,2251],{"class":85},[67,76968,376],{"class":81},[14,76970,159],{},[58,76972,76974],{"className":60,"code":76973,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[30]\n",[17,76975,76976],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,76977,76978,76980,76982],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,76979,174],{"class":81},[67,76981,37021],{"class":85},[67,76983,100],{"class":81},[14,76985,13949],{},[25,76987,76988,76994],{},[28,76989,76990,76993],{},[17,76991,76992],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[28,76995,76996,76999],{},[17,76997,76998],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,77001,77002],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[25,77004,77005,77008],{},[28,77006,77007],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[28,77009,77010],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,77012,222],{},[58,77014,77016],{"className":60,"code":77015,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[17,77017,77018,77038,77042],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,77019,77020,77022,77024,77026,77028,77030,77032,77034,77036],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,77021,74],{"class":73},[67,77023,78],{"class":77},[67,77025,82],{"class":81},[67,77027,86],{"class":85},[67,77029,89],{"class":81},[67,77031,92],{"class":85},[67,77033,89],{"class":81},[67,77035,97],{"class":85},[67,77037,100],{"class":81},[67,77039,77040],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,77041,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,77043,77044,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,77045,135],{"class":134},[67,77047,138],{"class":81},[67,77049,154],{"class":117},[67,77051,174],{"class":81},[67,77053,1308],{"class":85},[67,77055,1161],{"class":81},[67,77057,86],{"class":85},[67,77059,376],{"class":81},[14,77061,159],{},[58,77063,77064],{"className":60,"code":38477,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,77065,77066],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,77067,77068],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,77069,38477],{"class":81},[14,77071,77072],{},"But this would raise an error:",[58,77074,77076],{"className":60,"code":77075,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[17,77077,77078,77098,77102],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,77079,77080,77082,77084,77086,77088,77090,77092,77094,77096],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,77081,74],{"class":73},[67,77083,78],{"class":77},[67,77085,82],{"class":81},[67,77087,86],{"class":85},[67,77089,89],{"class":81},[67,77091,92],{"class":85},[67,77093,89],{"class":81},[67,77095,97],{"class":85},[67,77097,100],{"class":81},[67,77099,77100],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,77101,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,77103,77104,77106,77108,77110,77112,77114],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,77105,135],{"class":134},[67,77107,138],{"class":81},[67,77109,154],{"class":117},[67,77111,174],{"class":81},[67,77113,1308],{"class":85},[67,77115,376],{"class":81},[14,77117,77118,77119,114],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[45,77120,1455],{"href":1454},[53,77122,15364],{"id":77123},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,77125,77126],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[25,77128,77129,77133,77135,77138,77144],{},[28,77130,4894,77131,75722],{},[17,77132,75407],{},[28,77134,60861],{},[28,77136,77137],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[28,77139,1923,77140,43,77142],{},[17,77141,76042],{},[17,77143,73507],{},[28,77145,77146,77147,77149],{},"Using step ",[17,77148,1031],{},", which causes an error",[1109,77151,77153],{"id":77152},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[58,77155,77157],{"className":60,"code":77156,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[17,77158,77159,77187],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,77160,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169,77171,77173,77175,77177,77179,77181,77183,77185],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,77162,74],{"class":73},[67,77164,78],{"class":77},[67,77166,82],{"class":81},[67,77168,86],{"class":85},[67,77170,89],{"class":81},[67,77172,92],{"class":85},[67,77174,89],{"class":81},[67,77176,97],{"class":85},[67,77178,89],{"class":81},[67,77180,51021],{"class":85},[67,77182,89],{"class":81},[67,77184,5269],{"class":85},[67,77186,100],{"class":81},[67,77188,77189,77191,77193,77195,77197,77199,77201,77203],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,77190,135],{"class":134},[67,77192,138],{"class":81},[67,77194,154],{"class":117},[67,77196,174],{"class":81},[67,77198,464],{"class":85},[67,77200,1161],{"class":81},[67,77202,2694],{"class":85},[67,77204,376],{"class":81},[14,77206,77207],{},"This returns:",[58,77209,77211],{"className":60,"code":77210,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[17,77212,77213],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,77214,77215,77217,77219,77221,77223,77225,77227],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,77216,174],{"class":81},[67,77218,1843],{"class":85},[67,77220,89],{"class":81},[67,77222,97],{"class":85},[67,77224,89],{"class":81},[67,77226,51021],{"class":85},[67,77228,100],{"class":81},[14,77230,41085,77231,77233,77234,77236,77237,114],{},[3934,77232,4820],{}," include ",[17,77235,76775],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[17,77238,2694],{},[1109,77240,77242],{"id":77241},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77244,16831],{},[58,77246,77248],{"className":60,"code":77247,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[17,77249,77250,77270],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,77251,77252,77254,77256,77258,77260,77262,77264,77266,77268],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,77253,74],{"class":73},[67,77255,78],{"class":77},[67,77257,82],{"class":81},[67,77259,86],{"class":85},[67,77261,89],{"class":81},[67,77263,92],{"class":85},[67,77265,89],{"class":81},[67,77267,97],{"class":85},[67,77269,100],{"class":81},[67,77271,77272],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,77273,77274],{"class":3852},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77276,77277],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[58,77279,77281],{"className":60,"code":77280,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[17,77282,77283],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,77284,77285,77287,77289,77291,77293,77295,77297,77299],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,77286,135],{"class":134},[67,77288,138],{"class":81},[67,77290,154],{"class":117},[67,77292,174],{"class":81},[67,77294,464],{"class":85},[67,77296,1161],{"class":81},[67,77298,2251],{"class":85},[67,77300,376],{"class":81},[1109,77302,77304],{"id":77303},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77306,77307],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[58,77309,77311],{"className":60,"code":77310,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,77312,77313,77337,77351,77355,77365],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,77314,77315,77317,77319,77321,77323,77325,77327,77329,77331,77333,77335],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,77316,74],{"class":73},[67,77318,78],{"class":77},[67,77320,82],{"class":81},[67,77322,86],{"class":85},[67,77324,89],{"class":81},[67,77326,92],{"class":85},[67,77328,89],{"class":81},[67,77330,97],{"class":85},[67,77332,89],{"class":81},[67,77334,51021],{"class":85},[67,77336,100],{"class":81},[67,77338,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,77340,75640],{"class":73},[67,77342,78],{"class":77},[67,77344,111],{"class":73},[67,77346,75516],{"class":81},[67,77348,2245],{"class":85},[67,77350,100],{"class":81},[67,77352,77353],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,77354,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,77356,77357,77359,77361,77363],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,77358,135],{"class":134},[67,77360,138],{"class":81},[67,77362,75663],{"class":117},[67,77364,144],{"class":81},[67,77366,77367,77369,77371,77373],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,77368,135],{"class":134},[67,77370,138],{"class":81},[67,77372,154],{"class":117},[67,77374,144],{"class":81},[14,77376,159],{},[58,77378,77380],{"className":60,"code":77379,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[17,77381,77382,77394],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,77383,77384,77386,77388,77390,77392],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,77385,174],{"class":81},[67,77387,86],{"class":85},[67,77389,89],{"class":81},[67,77391,92],{"class":85},[67,77393,100],{"class":81},[67,77395,77396,77398,77400,77402,77404,77406,77408,77410,77412],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,77397,174],{"class":81},[67,77399,86],{"class":85},[67,77401,89],{"class":81},[67,77403,92],{"class":85},[67,77405,89],{"class":81},[67,77407,97],{"class":85},[67,77409,89],{"class":81},[67,77411,51021],{"class":85},[67,77413,100],{"class":81},[14,77415,77416],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1109,77418,77420,77421,43,77423],{"id":77419},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[17,77422,76042],{},[17,77424,73507],{},[58,77426,77428],{"className":60,"code":77427,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,77429,77430,77450,77454,77471,77482],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,77431,77432,77434,77436,77438,77440,77442,77444,77446,77448],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,77433,74],{"class":73},[67,77435,78],{"class":77},[67,77437,82],{"class":81},[67,77439,86],{"class":85},[67,77441,89],{"class":81},[67,77443,92],{"class":85},[67,77445,89],{"class":81},[67,77447,97],{"class":85},[67,77449,100],{"class":81},[67,77451,77452],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,77453,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,77455,77456,77459,77461,77463,77465,77467,77469],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,77457,77458],{"class":73},"reversed_copy ",[67,77460,78],{"class":77},[67,77462,111],{"class":73},[67,77464,74103],{"class":81},[67,77466,869],{"class":77},[67,77468,464],{"class":85},[67,77470,100],{"class":81},[67,77472,77473,77475,77477,77480],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,77474,135],{"class":134},[67,77476,138],{"class":81},[67,77478,77479],{"class":117},"reversed_copy",[67,77481,144],{"class":81},[67,77483,77484,77486,77488,77490],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,77485,135],{"class":134},[67,77487,138],{"class":81},[67,77489,154],{"class":117},[67,77491,144],{"class":81},[14,77493,159],{},[58,77495,77497],{"className":60,"code":77496,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[17,77498,77499,77515],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,77500,77501,77503,77505,77507,77509,77511,77513],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,77502,174],{"class":81},[67,77504,37021],{"class":85},[67,77506,89],{"class":81},[67,77508,92],{"class":85},[67,77510,89],{"class":81},[67,77512,6196],{"class":85},[67,77514,100],{"class":81},[67,77516,77517,77519,77521,77523,77525,77527,77529],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,77518,174],{"class":81},[67,77520,86],{"class":85},[67,77522,89],{"class":81},[67,77524,92],{"class":85},[67,77526,89],{"class":81},[67,77528,97],{"class":85},[67,77530,100],{"class":81},[14,77532,77533,77536],{},[17,77534,77535],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77538,77539,77540,77543],{},"By contrast, ",[17,77541,77542],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1109,77545,77547],{"id":77546},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77549,77550],{},"This is not allowed:",[58,77552,77554],{"className":60,"code":77553,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[17,77555,77556,77576],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,77557,77558,77560,77562,77564,77566,77568,77570,77572,77574],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,77559,74],{"class":73},[67,77561,78],{"class":77},[67,77563,82],{"class":81},[67,77565,86],{"class":85},[67,77567,89],{"class":81},[67,77569,92],{"class":85},[67,77571,89],{"class":81},[67,77573,97],{"class":85},[67,77575,100],{"class":81},[67,77577,77578],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,77579,77580],{"class":3852},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77582,77583,77584,114],{},"Python will raise a ",[17,77585,40883],{},[53,77587,77589],{"id":77588},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77591,77592],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[25,77594,77595,77602,77608,77611,77614],{},[28,77596,1923,77597,961,77599,77601],{},[17,77598,36256],{},[17,77600,75407],{}," positions",[28,77603,77604,77605,77607],{},"Assuming the ",[17,77606,75407],{}," index is included",[28,77609,77610],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[28,77612,77613],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[28,77615,77616],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77618,77619],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[58,77621,77623],{"className":60,"code":77622,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[17,77624,77625,77635,77649,77667,77681,77698],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,77626,77627,77629,77631,77633],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,77628,135],{"class":134},[67,77630,138],{"class":81},[67,77632,1953],{"class":117},[67,77634,144],{"class":81},[67,77636,77637,77639,77641,77643,77645,77647],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,77638,135],{"class":134},[67,77640,138],{"class":81},[67,77642,1964],{"class":134},[67,77644,138],{"class":81},[67,77646,1953],{"class":117},[67,77648,1426],{"class":81},[67,77650,77651,77653,77655,77657,77659,77661,77663,77665],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,77652,135],{"class":134},[67,77654,138],{"class":81},[67,77656,1953],{"class":117},[67,77658,174],{"class":81},[67,77660,464],{"class":85},[67,77662,1161],{"class":81},[67,77664,2694],{"class":85},[67,77666,376],{"class":81},[67,77668,77669,77671,77673,77675,77677,77679],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,77670,135],{"class":134},[67,77672,138],{"class":81},[67,77674,1953],{"class":117},[67,77676,75516],{"class":81},[67,77678,2251],{"class":85},[67,77680,376],{"class":81},[67,77682,77683,77685,77687,77689,77691,77693,77695],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,77684,135],{"class":134},[67,77686,138],{"class":81},[67,77688,1953],{"class":117},[67,77690,174],{"class":81},[67,77692,869],{"class":77},[67,77694,2251],{"class":85},[67,77696,77697],{"class":81},":])\n",[67,77699,77700,77702,77704,77706,77708,77710,77712],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,77701,135],{"class":134},[67,77703,138],{"class":81},[67,77705,1953],{"class":117},[67,77707,74103],{"class":81},[67,77709,869],{"class":77},[67,77711,464],{"class":85},[67,77713,376],{"class":81},[14,77715,8604,77716,77718,77719,77723],{},[17,77717,1339],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[45,77720,77722],{"href":77721},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[53,77725,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,77727,77729],{"id":77728},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77731,77732],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1109,77734,77736],{"id":77735},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77738,77739],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1109,77741,5331,77743,40139],{"id":77742},"what-does-list-1-do",[17,77744,76042],{},[14,77746,77747],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1109,77749,77751,77752,2681],{"id":77750},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[17,77753,1121],{},[14,77755,77756],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[53,77758,2094],{"id":2093},[25,77760,77761,77766,77771,77775,77779,77783],{},[28,77762,77763],{},[45,77764,77765],{"href":530},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[28,77767,77768],{},[45,77769,77770],{"href":57322},"How to create a list in Python",[28,77772,77773],{},[45,77774,15152],{"href":57388},[28,77776,77777],{},[45,77778,74788],{"href":74787},[28,77780,77781],{},[45,77782,77722],{"href":77721},[28,77784,77785],{},[45,77786,1455],{"href":1454},[14,77788,77789,77790,77792],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[17,77791,1339],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2122,77794,77795],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":77797},[77798,77799,77800,77801,77802,77803,77806,77810,77818,77819,77827],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":75571,"depth":103,"text":75572},{"id":75734,"depth":103,"text":75735},{"id":75996,"depth":103,"text":75997},{"id":76290,"depth":103,"text":76291},{"id":76536,"depth":103,"text":76537,"children":77804},[77805],{"id":76794,"depth":124,"text":76795},{"id":76848,"depth":103,"text":76849,"children":77807},[77808,77809],{"id":76855,"depth":124,"text":76856},{"id":76916,"depth":124,"text":76917},{"id":77123,"depth":103,"text":15364,"children":77811},[77812,77813,77814,77815,77817],{"id":77152,"depth":124,"text":77153},{"id":77241,"depth":124,"text":77242},{"id":77303,"depth":124,"text":77304},{"id":77419,"depth":124,"text":77816},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77546,"depth":124,"text":77547},{"id":77588,"depth":103,"text":77589},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":77820},[77821,77822,77823,77825],{"id":77728,"depth":124,"text":77729},{"id":77735,"depth":124,"text":77736},{"id":77742,"depth":124,"text":77824},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77750,"depth":124,"text":77826},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75394,"description":77828},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77835,"title":77836,"body":77837,"description":79906,"extension":2153,"meta":79907,"navigation":127,"path":79908,"seo":79909,"stem":79910,"__hash__":79911},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77838,"toc":79872},[77839,77844,77850,77856,77858,77905,77912,77917,77921,77936,77939,77992,77994,78019,78024,78026,78058,78061,78077,78079,78140,78142,78167,78171,78176,78229,78231,78256,78261,78322,78324,78349,78352,78359,78363,78366,78427,78429,78462,78465,78526,78528,78561,78567,78640,78642,78674,78681,78686,78691,78693,78705,78708,78786,78788,78829,78832,78906,78908,78941,78946,78953,78960,78964,78973,78977,78985,78987,79054,79056,79092,79097,79108,79110,79115,79120,79122,79185,79187,79212,79219,79224,79228,79231,79271,79276,79282,79287,79289,79316,79321,79324,79371,79373,79430,79437,79442,79448,79517,79521,79524,79587,79589,79622,79627,79629,79632,79713,79715,79739,79745,79747,79752,79756,79763,79771,79775,79777,79800,79804,79806,79833,79836,79843,79846,79848,79869],[10,77840,54517,77842,11509],{"id":77841},"python-list-sort-method",[17,77843,64480],{},[14,77845,77846,77849],{},[17,77847,77848],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77851,77852,77853,77855],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[17,77854,64480],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[53,77857,56],{"id":55},[58,77859,77861],{"className":60,"code":77860,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,77862,77863,77883,77893],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,77864,77865,77867,77869,77871,77873,77875,77877,77879,77881],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,77866,74],{"class":73},[67,77868,78],{"class":77},[67,77870,82],{"class":81},[67,77872,2251],{"class":85},[67,77874,89],{"class":81},[67,77876,5689],{"class":85},[67,77878,89],{"class":81},[67,77880,3182],{"class":85},[67,77882,100],{"class":81},[67,77884,77885,77887,77889,77891],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,77886,154],{"class":73},[67,77888,114],{"class":81},[67,77890,34984],{"class":117},[67,77892,121],{"class":81},[67,77894,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,77896,135],{"class":134},[67,77898,138],{"class":81},[67,77900,154],{"class":117},[67,77902,3849],{"class":81},[67,77904,55107],{"class":3852},[14,77906,185,77907,77909,77910,114],{},[17,77908,77848],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[17,77911,1103],{},[53,77913,3867,77915,3870],{"id":77914},"what-listsort-does",[17,77916,77848],{},[14,77918,77919,1161],{},[17,77920,77848],{},[25,77922,77923,77926,77929,77933],{},[28,77924,77925],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[28,77927,77928],{},"Changes the original list",[28,77930,11611,77931],{},[17,77932,1103],{},[28,77934,77935],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,77937,77938],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[58,77940,77942],{"className":60,"code":77941,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,77943,77944,77968,77978,77982],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,77945,77946,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956,77958,77960,77962,77964,77966],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,77947,74],{"class":73},[67,77949,78],{"class":77},[67,77951,82],{"class":81},[67,77953,1308],{"class":85},[67,77955,89],{"class":81},[67,77957,3182],{"class":85},[67,77959,89],{"class":81},[67,77961,54311],{"class":85},[67,77963,89],{"class":81},[67,77965,5689],{"class":85},[67,77967,100],{"class":81},[67,77969,77970,77972,77974,77976],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,77971,154],{"class":73},[67,77973,114],{"class":81},[67,77975,34984],{"class":117},[67,77977,121],{"class":81},[67,77979,77980],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,77981,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,77983,77984,77986,77988,77990],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,77985,135],{"class":134},[67,77987,138],{"class":81},[67,77989,154],{"class":117},[67,77991,144],{"class":81},[14,77993,159],{},[58,77995,77997],{"className":60,"code":77996,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[17,77998,77999],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78000,78001,78003,78005,78007,78009,78011,78013,78015,78017],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78002,174],{"class":81},[67,78004,464],{"class":85},[67,78006,89],{"class":81},[67,78008,3182],{"class":85},[67,78010,89],{"class":81},[67,78012,4794],{"class":85},[67,78014,89],{"class":81},[67,78016,54311],{"class":85},[67,78018,100],{"class":81},[14,78020,78021,78022,114],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[45,78023,67244],{"href":530},[53,78025,352],{"id":351},[58,78027,78029],{"className":60,"code":78028,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[17,78030,78031],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78032,78033,78035,78037,78039,78041,78043,78045,78047,78049,78052,78054,78056],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78034,1953],{"class":73},[67,78036,114],{"class":81},[67,78038,34984],{"class":117},[67,78040,138],{"class":81},[67,78042,15028],{"class":9362},[67,78044,78],{"class":77},[67,78046,1103],{"class":4043},[67,78048,89],{"class":81},[67,78050,78051],{"class":9362}," reverse",[67,78053,78],{"class":77},[67,78055,3863],{"class":4043},[67,78057,144],{"class":81},[14,78059,78060],{},"Main arguments:",[25,78062,78063,78068,78074],{},[28,78064,78065,78067],{},[17,78066,15028],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[28,78069,78070,78073],{},[17,78071,78072],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[28,78075,78076],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,78078,222],{},[58,78080,78082],{"className":60,"code":78081,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,78083,78084,78108,78126,78130],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78085,78086,78088,78090,78092,78094,78096,78098,78100,78102,78104,78106],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78087,74],{"class":73},[67,78089,78],{"class":77},[67,78091,82],{"class":81},[67,78093,2694],{"class":85},[67,78095,89],{"class":81},[67,78097,5689],{"class":85},[67,78099,89],{"class":81},[67,78101,6185],{"class":85},[67,78103,89],{"class":81},[67,78105,3182],{"class":85},[67,78107,100],{"class":81},[67,78109,78110,78112,78114,78116,78118,78120,78122,78124],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,78111,154],{"class":73},[67,78113,114],{"class":81},[67,78115,34984],{"class":117},[67,78117,138],{"class":81},[67,78119,73558],{"class":9362},[67,78121,78],{"class":77},[67,78123,3793],{"class":4043},[67,78125,144],{"class":81},[67,78127,78128],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,78129,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,78131,78132,78134,78136,78138],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,78133,135],{"class":134},[67,78135,138],{"class":81},[67,78137,154],{"class":117},[67,78139,144],{"class":81},[14,78141,159],{},[58,78143,78145],{"className":60,"code":78144,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[17,78146,78147],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78148,78149,78151,78153,78155,78157,78159,78161,78163,78165],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78150,174],{"class":81},[67,78152,2213],{"class":85},[67,78154,89],{"class":81},[67,78156,2645],{"class":85},[67,78158,89],{"class":81},[67,78160,3182],{"class":85},[67,78162,89],{"class":81},[67,78164,5689],{"class":85},[67,78166,100],{"class":81},[53,78168,78170],{"id":78169},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,78172,185,78173,78175],{},[17,78174,64480],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[58,78177,78179],{"className":60,"code":78178,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,78180,78181,78205,78215,78219],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78182,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193,78195,78197,78199,78201,78203],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78184,74],{"class":73},[67,78186,78],{"class":77},[67,78188,82],{"class":81},[67,78190,86],{"class":85},[67,78192,89],{"class":81},[67,78194,2639],{"class":85},[67,78196,89],{"class":81},[67,78198,6552],{"class":85},[67,78200,89],{"class":81},[67,78202,5689],{"class":85},[67,78204,100],{"class":81},[67,78206,78207,78209,78211,78213],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,78208,154],{"class":73},[67,78210,114],{"class":81},[67,78212,34984],{"class":117},[67,78214,121],{"class":81},[67,78216,78217],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,78218,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,78220,78221,78223,78225,78227],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,78222,135],{"class":134},[67,78224,138],{"class":81},[67,78226,154],{"class":117},[67,78228,144],{"class":81},[14,78230,159],{},[58,78232,78234],{"className":60,"code":78233,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[17,78235,78236],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78237,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78239,174],{"class":81},[67,78241,464],{"class":85},[67,78243,89],{"class":81},[67,78245,2639],{"class":85},[67,78247,89],{"class":81},[67,78249,6552],{"class":85},[67,78251,89],{"class":81},[67,78253,6196],{"class":85},[67,78255,100],{"class":81},[14,78257,185,78258,78260],{},[17,78259,78072],{}," for descending order:",[58,78262,78264],{"className":60,"code":78263,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,78265,78266,78290,78308,78312],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78267,78268,78270,78272,78274,78276,78278,78280,78282,78284,78286,78288],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78269,74],{"class":73},[67,78271,78],{"class":77},[67,78273,82],{"class":81},[67,78275,86],{"class":85},[67,78277,89],{"class":81},[67,78279,2639],{"class":85},[67,78281,89],{"class":81},[67,78283,6552],{"class":85},[67,78285,89],{"class":81},[67,78287,5689],{"class":85},[67,78289,100],{"class":81},[67,78291,78292,78294,78296,78298,78300,78302,78304,78306],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,78293,154],{"class":73},[67,78295,114],{"class":81},[67,78297,34984],{"class":117},[67,78299,138],{"class":81},[67,78301,73558],{"class":9362},[67,78303,78],{"class":77},[67,78305,3793],{"class":4043},[67,78307,144],{"class":81},[67,78309,78310],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,78311,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,78313,78314,78316,78318,78320],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,78315,135],{"class":134},[67,78317,138],{"class":81},[67,78319,154],{"class":117},[67,78321,144],{"class":81},[14,78323,159],{},[58,78325,78327],{"className":60,"code":78326,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[17,78328,78329],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78330,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78332,174],{"class":81},[67,78334,86],{"class":85},[67,78336,89],{"class":81},[67,78338,6552],{"class":85},[67,78340,89],{"class":81},[67,78342,2639],{"class":85},[67,78344,89],{"class":81},[67,78346,5689],{"class":85},[67,78348,100],{"class":81},[14,78350,78351],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78353,78354,78355,114],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[45,78356,78358],{"href":78357},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[53,78360,78362],{"id":78361},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78364,78365],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[58,78367,78369],{"className":60,"code":78368,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,78370,78371,78403,78413,78417],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78372,78373,78375,78377,78379,78381,78383,78385,78387,78389,78391,78393,78395,78397,78399,78401],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78374,4261],{"class":73},[67,78376,78],{"class":77},[67,78378,82],{"class":81},[67,78380,240],{"class":239},[67,78382,698],{"class":243},[67,78384,240],{"class":239},[67,78386,89],{"class":81},[67,78388,251],{"class":239},[67,78390,689],{"class":243},[67,78392,240],{"class":239},[67,78394,89],{"class":81},[67,78396,251],{"class":239},[67,78398,707],{"class":243},[67,78400,240],{"class":239},[67,78402,100],{"class":81},[67,78404,78405,78407,78409,78411],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,78406,4302],{"class":73},[67,78408,114],{"class":81},[67,78410,34984],{"class":117},[67,78412,121],{"class":81},[67,78414,78415],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,78416,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,78418,78419,78421,78423,78425],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,78420,135],{"class":134},[67,78422,138],{"class":81},[67,78424,4302],{"class":117},[67,78426,144],{"class":81},[14,78428,159],{},[58,78430,78432],{"className":60,"code":78431,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[17,78433,78434],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78435,78436,78438,78440,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78437,174],{"class":81},[67,78439,333],{"class":239},[67,78441,689],{"class":243},[67,78443,333],{"class":239},[67,78445,89],{"class":81},[67,78447,342],{"class":239},[67,78449,698],{"class":243},[67,78451,333],{"class":239},[67,78453,89],{"class":81},[67,78455,342],{"class":239},[67,78457,707],{"class":243},[67,78459,333],{"class":239},[67,78461,100],{"class":81},[14,78463,78464],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[58,78466,78468],{"className":60,"code":78467,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,78469,78470,78502,78512,78516],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78471,78472,78474,78476,78478,78480,78482,78484,78486,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498,78500],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78473,4261],{"class":73},[67,78475,78],{"class":77},[67,78477,82],{"class":81},[67,78479,240],{"class":239},[67,78481,698],{"class":243},[67,78483,240],{"class":239},[67,78485,89],{"class":81},[67,78487,251],{"class":239},[67,78489,57937],{"class":243},[67,78491,240],{"class":239},[67,78493,89],{"class":81},[67,78495,251],{"class":239},[67,78497,707],{"class":243},[67,78499,240],{"class":239},[67,78501,100],{"class":81},[67,78503,78504,78506,78508,78510],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,78505,4302],{"class":73},[67,78507,114],{"class":81},[67,78509,34984],{"class":117},[67,78511,121],{"class":81},[67,78513,78514],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,78515,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,78517,78518,78520,78522,78524],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,78519,135],{"class":134},[67,78521,138],{"class":81},[67,78523,4302],{"class":117},[67,78525,144],{"class":81},[14,78527,159],{},[58,78529,78531],{"className":60,"code":78530,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[17,78532,78533],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78534,78535,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549,78551,78553,78555,78557,78559],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78536,174],{"class":81},[67,78538,333],{"class":239},[67,78540,57937],{"class":243},[67,78542,333],{"class":239},[67,78544,89],{"class":81},[67,78546,342],{"class":239},[67,78548,698],{"class":243},[67,78550,333],{"class":239},[67,78552,89],{"class":81},[67,78554,342],{"class":239},[67,78556,707],{"class":243},[67,78558,333],{"class":239},[67,78560,100],{"class":81},[14,78562,78563,78564,1161],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[17,78565,78566],{},"key=str.lower",[58,78568,78570],{"className":60,"code":78569,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,78571,78572,78604,78626,78630],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78573,78574,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592,78594,78596,78598,78600,78602],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78575,4261],{"class":73},[67,78577,78],{"class":77},[67,78579,82],{"class":81},[67,78581,240],{"class":239},[67,78583,698],{"class":243},[67,78585,240],{"class":239},[67,78587,89],{"class":81},[67,78589,251],{"class":239},[67,78591,57937],{"class":243},[67,78593,240],{"class":239},[67,78595,89],{"class":81},[67,78597,251],{"class":239},[67,78599,707],{"class":243},[67,78601,240],{"class":239},[67,78603,100],{"class":81},[67,78605,78606,78608,78610,78612,78614,78616,78618,78620,78622,78624],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,78607,4302],{"class":73},[67,78609,114],{"class":81},[67,78611,34984],{"class":117},[67,78613,138],{"class":81},[67,78615,15028],{"class":9362},[67,78617,78],{"class":77},[67,78619,1526],{"class":362},[67,78621,114],{"class":81},[67,78623,8827],{"class":24938},[67,78625,144],{"class":81},[67,78627,78628],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,78629,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,78631,78632,78634,78636,78638],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,78633,135],{"class":134},[67,78635,138],{"class":81},[67,78637,4302],{"class":117},[67,78639,144],{"class":81},[14,78641,159],{},[58,78643,78644],{"className":60,"code":78530,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,78645,78646],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78647,78648,78650,78652,78654,78656,78658,78660,78662,78664,78666,78668,78670,78672],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78649,174],{"class":81},[67,78651,333],{"class":239},[67,78653,57937],{"class":243},[67,78655,333],{"class":239},[67,78657,89],{"class":81},[67,78659,342],{"class":239},[67,78661,698],{"class":243},[67,78663,333],{"class":239},[67,78665,89],{"class":81},[67,78667,342],{"class":239},[67,78669,707],{"class":243},[67,78671,333],{"class":239},[67,78673,100],{"class":81},[14,78675,78676,78677,78680],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[17,78678,78679],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[53,78682,36792,78684,36795],{"id":78683},"using-the-key-argument",[17,78685,15028],{},[14,78687,379,78688,78690],{},[17,78689,15028],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78692,7534],{},[25,78694,78695,78700],{},[28,78696,78697,78699],{},[17,78698,1964],{}," to sort by length",[28,78701,78702,78704],{},[17,78703,78679],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78706,78707],{},"Sort words by length:",[58,78709,78711],{"className":60,"code":78710,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,78712,78713,78754,78772,78776],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78714,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78726,78728,78730,78732,78734,78736,78738,78740,78742,78744,78746,78748,78750,78752],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78716,4261],{"class":73},[67,78718,78],{"class":77},[67,78720,82],{"class":81},[67,78722,240],{"class":239},[67,78724,78725],{"class":243},"pear",[67,78727,240],{"class":239},[67,78729,89],{"class":81},[67,78731,251],{"class":239},[67,78733,698],{"class":243},[67,78735,240],{"class":239},[67,78737,89],{"class":81},[67,78739,251],{"class":239},[67,78741,38538],{"class":243},[67,78743,240],{"class":239},[67,78745,89],{"class":81},[67,78747,251],{"class":239},[67,78749,689],{"class":243},[67,78751,240],{"class":239},[67,78753,100],{"class":81},[67,78755,78756,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,78757,4302],{"class":73},[67,78759,114],{"class":81},[67,78761,34984],{"class":117},[67,78763,138],{"class":81},[67,78765,15028],{"class":9362},[67,78767,78],{"class":77},[67,78769,1964],{"class":134},[67,78771,144],{"class":81},[67,78773,78774],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,78775,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,78777,78778,78780,78782,78784],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,78779,135],{"class":134},[67,78781,138],{"class":81},[67,78783,4302],{"class":117},[67,78785,144],{"class":81},[14,78787,159],{},[58,78789,78791],{"className":60,"code":78790,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[17,78792,78793],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78794,78795,78797,78799,78801,78803,78805,78807,78809,78811,78813,78815,78817,78819,78821,78823,78825,78827],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78796,174],{"class":81},[67,78798,333],{"class":239},[67,78800,38538],{"class":243},[67,78802,333],{"class":239},[67,78804,89],{"class":81},[67,78806,342],{"class":239},[67,78808,78725],{"class":243},[67,78810,333],{"class":239},[67,78812,89],{"class":81},[67,78814,342],{"class":239},[67,78816,689],{"class":243},[67,78818,333],{"class":239},[67,78820,89],{"class":81},[67,78822,342],{"class":239},[67,78824,698],{"class":243},[67,78826,333],{"class":239},[67,78828,100],{"class":81},[14,78830,78831],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[58,78833,78835],{"className":60,"code":78834,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,78836,78837,78870,78892,78896],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78838,78839,78841,78843,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857,78859,78861,78863,78866,78868],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78840,4261],{"class":73},[67,78842,78],{"class":77},[67,78844,82],{"class":81},[67,78846,240],{"class":239},[67,78848,5202],{"class":243},[67,78850,240],{"class":239},[67,78852,89],{"class":81},[67,78854,251],{"class":239},[67,78856,17990],{"class":243},[67,78858,240],{"class":239},[67,78860,89],{"class":81},[67,78862,251],{"class":239},[67,78864,78865],{"class":243},"Carol",[67,78867,240],{"class":239},[67,78869,100],{"class":81},[67,78871,78872,78874,78876,78878,78880,78882,78884,78886,78888,78890],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,78873,4302],{"class":73},[67,78875,114],{"class":81},[67,78877,34984],{"class":117},[67,78879,138],{"class":81},[67,78881,15028],{"class":9362},[67,78883,78],{"class":77},[67,78885,1526],{"class":362},[67,78887,114],{"class":81},[67,78889,8827],{"class":24938},[67,78891,144],{"class":81},[67,78893,78894],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,78895,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,78897,78898,78900,78902,78904],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,78899,135],{"class":134},[67,78901,138],{"class":81},[67,78903,4302],{"class":117},[67,78905,144],{"class":81},[14,78907,159],{},[58,78909,78911],{"className":60,"code":78910,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[17,78912,78913],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78914,78915,78917,78919,78921,78923,78925,78927,78929,78931,78933,78935,78937,78939],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78916,174],{"class":81},[67,78918,333],{"class":239},[67,78920,17990],{"class":243},[67,78922,333],{"class":239},[67,78924,89],{"class":81},[67,78926,342],{"class":239},[67,78928,5202],{"class":243},[67,78930,333],{"class":239},[67,78932,89],{"class":81},[67,78934,342],{"class":239},[67,78936,78865],{"class":243},[67,78938,333],{"class":239},[67,78940,100],{"class":81},[14,78942,379,78943,78945],{},[17,78944,15028],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[53,78947,78949,10773,78951],{"id":78948},"listsort-vs-sorted",[17,78950,77848],{},[17,78952,74405],{},[14,78954,78955,961,78957,78959],{},[17,78956,77848],{},[17,78958,74405],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,78961,78962,1161],{},[17,78963,77848],{},[25,78965,78966,78969],{},[28,78967,78968],{},"Changes the existing list",[28,78970,11611,78971],{},[17,78972,1103],{},[14,78974,78975,1161],{},[17,78976,74405],{},[25,78978,78979,78982],{},[28,78980,78981],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[28,78983,78984],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,78986,222],{},[58,78988,78990],{"className":60,"code":78989,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[17,78991,78992,79012,79016,79030,79034,79044],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,78993,78994,78996,78998,79000,79002,79004,79006,79008,79010],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,78995,74],{"class":73},[67,78997,78],{"class":77},[67,78999,82],{"class":81},[67,79001,2251],{"class":85},[67,79003,89],{"class":81},[67,79005,5689],{"class":85},[67,79007,89],{"class":81},[67,79009,3182],{"class":85},[67,79011,100],{"class":81},[67,79013,79014],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,79015,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,79017,79018,79020,79022,79024,79026,79028],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,79019,56059],{"class":73},[67,79021,78],{"class":77},[67,79023,74539],{"class":134},[67,79025,138],{"class":81},[67,79027,154],{"class":117},[67,79029,144],{"class":81},[67,79031,79032],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,79033,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,79035,79036,79038,79040,79042],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,79037,135],{"class":134},[67,79039,138],{"class":81},[67,79041,154],{"class":117},[67,79043,144],{"class":81},[67,79045,79046,79048,79050,79052],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,79047,135],{"class":134},[67,79049,138],{"class":81},[67,79051,74262],{"class":117},[67,79053,144],{"class":81},[14,79055,159],{},[58,79057,79058],{"className":60,"code":74574,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,79059,79060,79076],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,79061,79062,79064,79066,79068,79070,79072,79074],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,79063,174],{"class":81},[67,79065,2251],{"class":85},[67,79067,89],{"class":81},[67,79069,5689],{"class":85},[67,79071,89],{"class":81},[67,79073,3182],{"class":85},[67,79075,100],{"class":81},[67,79077,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086,79088,79090],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,79079,174],{"class":81},[67,79081,464],{"class":85},[67,79083,89],{"class":81},[67,79085,3182],{"class":85},[67,79087,89],{"class":81},[67,79089,2639],{"class":85},[67,79091,100],{"class":81},[14,79093,185,79094,79096],{},[17,79095,74405],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,79098,79099,79100,961,79104,114],{},"You can learn more in ",[45,79101,3764,79102,5975],{"href":74502},[17,79103,74405],{},[45,79105,79107],{"href":79106},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[53,79109,1907],{"id":1906},[14,79111,79112,79113,114],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[17,79114,77848],{},[1109,79116,12784,79118],{"id":79117},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[17,79119,64480],{},[14,79121,25879],{},[58,79123,79125],{"className":60,"code":79124,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,79126,79127,79147,79161,79165,79175],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,79128,79129,79131,79133,79135,79137,79139,79141,79143,79145],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,79130,74],{"class":73},[67,79132,78],{"class":77},[67,79134,82],{"class":81},[67,79136,2251],{"class":85},[67,79138,89],{"class":81},[67,79140,5689],{"class":85},[67,79142,89],{"class":81},[67,79144,3182],{"class":85},[67,79146,100],{"class":81},[67,79148,79149,79151,79153,79155,79157,79159],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,79150,2416],{"class":73},[67,79152,78],{"class":77},[67,79154,111],{"class":73},[67,79156,114],{"class":81},[67,79158,34984],{"class":117},[67,79160,121],{"class":81},[67,79162,79163],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,79164,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,79166,79167,79169,79171,79173],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,79168,135],{"class":134},[67,79170,138],{"class":81},[67,79172,2451],{"class":117},[67,79174,144],{"class":81},[67,79176,79177,79179,79181,79183],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,79178,135],{"class":134},[67,79180,138],{"class":81},[67,79182,154],{"class":117},[67,79184,144],{"class":81},[14,79186,159],{},[58,79188,79190],{"className":60,"code":79189,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[17,79191,79192,79196],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,79193,79194],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,79195,11997],{"class":4043},[67,79197,79198,79200,79202,79204,79206,79208,79210],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,79199,174],{"class":81},[67,79201,464],{"class":85},[67,79203,89],{"class":81},[67,79205,3182],{"class":85},[67,79207,89],{"class":81},[67,79209,2639],{"class":85},[67,79211,100],{"class":81},[14,79213,79214,79216,79217,114],{},[17,79215,64480],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[17,79218,1103],{},[14,79220,79221,79222,6823],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[17,79223,74405],{},[1109,79225,79227],{"id":79226},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79229,79230],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[58,79232,79234],{"className":60,"code":79233,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[17,79235,79236,79261],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,79237,79238,79240,79242,79244,79246,79248,79250,79253,79255,79257,79259],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,79239,1131],{"class":73},[67,79241,78],{"class":77},[67,79243,82],{"class":81},[67,79245,464],{"class":85},[67,79247,89],{"class":81},[67,79249,251],{"class":239},[67,79251,79252],{"class":243},"two",[67,79254,240],{"class":239},[67,79256,89],{"class":81},[67,79258,2639],{"class":85},[67,79260,100],{"class":81},[67,79262,79263,79265,79267,79269],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,79264,1141],{"class":73},[67,79266,114],{"class":81},[67,79268,34984],{"class":117},[67,79270,121],{"class":81},[14,79272,3192,79273,79275],{},[17,79274,1519],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1109,79277,4894,79279,79281],{"id":79278},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[17,79280,64480],{}," only works on lists",[14,79283,79284,79286],{},[17,79285,64480],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79288,16831],{},[58,79290,79292],{"className":60,"code":79291,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[17,79293,79294,79306],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,79295,79296,79298,79300,79302,79304],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,79297,34873],{"class":73},[67,79299,78],{"class":77},[67,79301,251],{"class":239},[67,79303,62],{"class":243},[67,79305,3547],{"class":239},[67,79307,79308,79310,79312,79314],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,79309,34894],{"class":73},[67,79311,114],{"class":81},[67,79313,34984],{"class":117},[67,79315,121],{"class":81},[14,79317,79318,79319,33785],{},"Strings do not have a ",[17,79320,64480],{},[14,79322,79323],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[58,79325,79327],{"className":60,"code":79326,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[17,79328,79329,79347,79357,79361],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,79330,79331,79333,79335,79337,79339,79341,79343,79345],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,79332,411],{"class":73},[67,79334,78],{"class":77},[67,79336,22749],{"class":362},[67,79338,138],{"class":81},[67,79340,240],{"class":239},[67,79342,62],{"class":243},[67,79344,240],{"class":239},[67,79346,144],{"class":81},[67,79348,79349,79351,79353,79355],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,79350,490],{"class":73},[67,79352,114],{"class":81},[67,79354,34984],{"class":117},[67,79356,121],{"class":81},[67,79358,79359],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,79360,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,79362,79363,79365,79367,79369],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,79364,135],{"class":134},[67,79366,138],{"class":81},[67,79368,490],{"class":117},[67,79370,144],{"class":81},[14,79372,159],{},[58,79374,79376],{"className":60,"code":79375,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[17,79377,79378],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,79379,79380,79382,79384,79386,79388,79390,79392,79394,79396,79398,79400,79402,79404,79406,79408,79410,79412,79414,79416,79418,79420,79422,79424,79426,79428],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,79381,174],{"class":81},[67,79383,333],{"class":239},[67,79385,60607],{"class":243},[67,79387,333],{"class":239},[67,79389,89],{"class":81},[67,79391,342],{"class":239},[67,79393,76011],{"class":243},[67,79395,333],{"class":239},[67,79397,89],{"class":81},[67,79399,342],{"class":239},[67,79401,60642],{"class":243},[67,79403,333],{"class":239},[67,79405,89],{"class":81},[67,79407,342],{"class":239},[67,79409,14],{"class":243},[67,79411,333],{"class":239},[67,79413,89],{"class":81},[67,79415,342],{"class":239},[67,79417,63455],{"class":243},[67,79419,333],{"class":239},[67,79421,89],{"class":81},[67,79423,342],{"class":239},[67,79425,11934],{"class":243},[67,79427,333],{"class":239},[67,79429,100],{"class":81},[1109,79431,79433,79434,79436],{"id":79432},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[17,79435,15028],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79438,79439,79440,114],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[17,79441,15028],{},[14,79443,79444,79445,79447],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[17,79446,64480],{}," will not do that:",[58,79449,79451],{"className":60,"code":79450,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,79452,79453,79485,79503,79507],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,79454,79455,79457,79459,79461,79463,79465,79467,79469,79471,79473,79475,79477,79479,79481,79483],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,79456,4261],{"class":73},[67,79458,78],{"class":77},[67,79460,82],{"class":81},[67,79462,240],{"class":239},[67,79464,698],{"class":243},[67,79466,240],{"class":239},[67,79468,89],{"class":81},[67,79470,251],{"class":239},[67,79472,38538],{"class":243},[67,79474,240],{"class":239},[67,79476,89],{"class":81},[67,79478,251],{"class":239},[67,79480,689],{"class":243},[67,79482,240],{"class":239},[67,79484,100],{"class":81},[67,79486,79487,79489,79491,79493,79495,79497,79499,79501],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,79488,4302],{"class":73},[67,79490,114],{"class":81},[67,79492,34984],{"class":117},[67,79494,138],{"class":81},[67,79496,15028],{"class":9362},[67,79498,78],{"class":77},[67,79500,1964],{"class":134},[67,79502,144],{"class":81},[67,79504,79505],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,79506,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,79508,79509,79511,79513,79515],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,79510,135],{"class":134},[67,79512,138],{"class":81},[67,79514,4302],{"class":117},[67,79516,144],{"class":81},[1109,79518,79520],{"id":79519},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79522,79523],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[58,79525,79527],{"className":60,"code":79526,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,79528,79529,79563,79573,79577],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,79530,79531,79533,79535,79537,79539,79542,79544,79546,79548,79550,79552,79554,79556,79559,79561],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,79532,4261],{"class":73},[67,79534,78],{"class":77},[67,79536,82],{"class":81},[67,79538,240],{"class":239},[67,79540,79541],{"class":243},"zebra",[67,79543,240],{"class":239},[67,79545,89],{"class":81},[67,79547,251],{"class":239},[67,79549,57937],{"class":243},[67,79551,240],{"class":239},[67,79553,89],{"class":81},[67,79555,251],{"class":239},[67,79557,79558],{"class":243},"monkey",[67,79560,240],{"class":239},[67,79562,100],{"class":81},[67,79564,79565,79567,79569,79571],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,79566,4302],{"class":73},[67,79568,114],{"class":81},[67,79570,34984],{"class":117},[67,79572,121],{"class":81},[67,79574,79575],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,79576,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,79578,79579,79581,79583,79585],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,79580,135],{"class":134},[67,79582,138],{"class":81},[67,79584,4302],{"class":117},[67,79586,144],{"class":81},[14,79588,159],{},[58,79590,79592],{"className":60,"code":79591,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[17,79593,79594],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,79595,79596,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606,79608,79610,79612,79614,79616,79618,79620],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,79597,174],{"class":81},[67,79599,333],{"class":239},[67,79601,57937],{"class":243},[67,79603,333],{"class":239},[67,79605,89],{"class":81},[67,79607,342],{"class":239},[67,79609,79558],{"class":243},[67,79611,333],{"class":239},[67,79613,89],{"class":81},[67,79615,342],{"class":239},[67,79617,79541],{"class":243},[67,79619,333],{"class":239},[67,79621,100],{"class":81},[14,79623,185,79624,79626],{},[17,79625,78566],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1109,79628,60879],{"id":60878},[14,79630,79631],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[58,79633,79635],{"className":60,"code":79634,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[17,79636,79637,79647,79661,79675,79689],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,79638,79639,79641,79643,79645],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,79640,135],{"class":134},[67,79642,138],{"class":81},[67,79644,1953],{"class":117},[67,79646,144],{"class":81},[67,79648,79649,79651,79653,79655,79657,79659],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,79650,135],{"class":134},[67,79652,138],{"class":81},[67,79654,2011],{"class":362},[67,79656,138],{"class":81},[67,79658,1953],{"class":117},[67,79660,1426],{"class":81},[67,79662,79663,79665,79667,79669,79671,79673],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,79664,135],{"class":134},[67,79666,138],{"class":81},[67,79668,1953],{"class":117},[67,79670,114],{"class":81},[67,79672,34984],{"class":117},[67,79674,1239],{"class":81},[67,79676,79677,79679,79681,79683,79685,79687],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,79678,135],{"class":134},[67,79680,138],{"class":81},[67,79682,74495],{"class":134},[67,79684,138],{"class":81},[67,79686,1953],{"class":117},[67,79688,1426],{"class":81},[67,79690,79691,79693,79695,79697,79699,79701,79703,79705,79707,79709,79711],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,79692,135],{"class":134},[67,79694,370],{"class":81},[67,79696,2011],{"class":362},[67,79698,138],{"class":81},[67,79700,479],{"class":117},[67,79702,3849],{"class":81},[67,79704,4068],{"class":1167},[67,79706,6153],{"class":117},[67,79708,4074],{"class":1167},[67,79710,8582],{"class":117},[67,79712,376],{"class":81},[14,79714,11357],{},[25,79716,79717,79720,79723,79730,79736],{},[28,79718,79719],{},"What values are in the list",[28,79721,79722],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[28,79724,79725,79726,2584,79728],{},"That ",[17,79727,64480],{},[17,79729,1103],{},[28,79731,79732,79733,79735],{},"Whether ",[17,79734,74405],{}," works better for your case",[28,79737,79738],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79740,79741,79742,79744],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[17,79743,1519],{}," problems.",[53,79746,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,79748,12894,79750,55640],{"id":79749},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[17,79751,77848],{},[14,79753,62771,79754,114],{},[17,79755,1103],{},[1109,79757,5369,79759,961,79761,2681],{"id":79758},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[17,79760,64480],{},[17,79762,74405],{},[14,79764,79765,79767,79768,79770],{},[17,79766,64480],{}," changes the list itself. ",[17,79769,74405],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1109,79772,79774],{"id":79773},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79776,18882],{},[58,79778,79780],{"className":60,"code":79779,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[17,79781,79782],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,79783,79784,79786,79788,79790,79792,79794,79796,79798],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,79785,1953],{"class":73},[67,79787,114],{"class":81},[67,79789,34984],{"class":117},[67,79791,138],{"class":81},[67,79793,73558],{"class":9362},[67,79795,78],{"class":77},[67,79797,3793],{"class":4043},[67,79799,144],{"class":81},[1109,79801,79803],{"id":79802},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79805,18882],{},[58,79807,79809],{"className":60,"code":79808,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[17,79810,79811],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,79812,79813,79815,79817,79819,79821,79823,79825,79827,79829,79831],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,79814,1953],{"class":73},[67,79816,114],{"class":81},[67,79818,34984],{"class":117},[67,79820,138],{"class":81},[67,79822,15028],{"class":9362},[67,79824,78],{"class":77},[67,79826,1526],{"class":362},[67,79828,114],{"class":81},[67,79830,8827],{"class":24938},[67,79832,144],{"class":81},[14,79834,79835],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1109,79837,79839,79840,79842],{"id":79838},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[17,79841,1519],{}," when sorting?",[14,79844,79845],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[53,79847,2094],{"id":2093},[25,79849,79850,79855,79861,79865],{},[28,79851,79852],{},[45,79853,79854],{"href":78357},"How to sort a list in Python",[28,79856,79857],{},[45,79858,3764,79859,5975],{"href":74502},[17,79860,74405],{},[28,79862,79863],{},[45,79864,67244],{"href":530},[28,79866,79867],{},[45,79868,79107],{"href":79106},[2122,79870,79871],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":79873},[79874,79875,79877,79878,79879,79880,79882,79884,79895,79905],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":77914,"depth":103,"text":79876},"What list.sort() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":78169,"depth":103,"text":78170},{"id":78361,"depth":103,"text":78362},{"id":78683,"depth":103,"text":79881},"Using the key argument",{"id":78948,"depth":103,"text":79883},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":79885},[79886,79888,79889,79891,79893,79894],{"id":79117,"depth":124,"text":79887},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79226,"depth":124,"text":79227},{"id":79278,"depth":124,"text":79890},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79432,"depth":124,"text":79892},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79519,"depth":124,"text":79520},{"id":60878,"depth":124,"text":60879},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":79896},[79897,79899,79901,79902,79903],{"id":79749,"depth":124,"text":79898},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79758,"depth":124,"text":79900},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79773,"depth":124,"text":79774},{"id":79802,"depth":124,"text":79803},{"id":79838,"depth":124,"text":79904},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77836,"description":79906},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79913,"title":79914,"body":79915,"description":82546,"extension":2153,"meta":82547,"navigation":127,"path":82548,"seo":82549,"stem":82550,"__hash__":82551},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79916,"toc":82505},[79917,79922,79927,79930,79941,79944,79964,79966,80028,80030,80071,80080,80085,80090,80096,80107,80109,80128,80131,80136,80141,80143,80148,80162,80164,80182,80185,80202,80205,80211,80234,80239,80241,80244,80305,80307,80340,80342,80381,80389,80399,80405,80410,80503,80505,80529,80531,80549,80552,80583,80589,80594,80597,80599,80724,80726,80750,80752,80771,80777,80783,80902,80904,80921,80928,80934,80939,80946,80952,80954,81011,81014,81035,81038,81041,81102,81104,81137,81141,81211,81213,81230,81234,81237,81312,81314,81351,81354,81357,81428,81430,81491,81496,81501,81504,81518,81520,81593,81595,81615,81618,81621,81678,81740,81743,81775,81778,81793,81798,81800,81806,81809,81865,81868,81870,81889,81893,81895,81939,81948,81950,82010,82014,82017,82019,82112,82114,82229,82233,82235,82309,82312,82315,82317,82322,82387,82389,82413,82423,82425,82431,82440,82449,82458,82464,82467,82471,82474,82476,82502],[10,79918,3764,79920,3768],{"id":79919},"python-map-function-explained",[17,79921,39895],{},[14,79923,3771,79924,79926],{},[17,79925,39895],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79928,79929],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[25,79931,79932,79935,79938],{},[28,79933,79934],{},"converting numbers to strings",[28,79936,79937],{},"changing strings to integers",[28,79939,79940],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,79942,79943],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[25,79945,79946,79953,79959],{},[28,79947,79948,14240,79950,79952],{},[17,79949,39895],{},[3934,79951,4820],{}," return a list in Python 3",[28,79954,79955,79956],{},"it returns a ",[3934,79957,79958],{},"map object",[28,79960,79961,79962],{},"you often convert that result with ",[17,79963,24969],{},[53,79965,56],{"id":55},[58,79967,79969],{"className":60,"code":79968,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,79970,79971,79995,80014],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,79972,79973,79975,79977,79979,79981,79983,79985,79987,79989,79991,79993],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,79974,74],{"class":73},[67,79976,78],{"class":77},[67,79978,82],{"class":81},[67,79980,464],{"class":85},[67,79982,89],{"class":81},[67,79984,3182],{"class":85},[67,79986,89],{"class":81},[67,79988,2639],{"class":85},[67,79990,89],{"class":81},[67,79992,2645],{"class":85},[67,79994,100],{"class":81},[67,79996,79997,79999,80001,80004,80006,80008,80010,80012],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,79998,2416],{"class":73},[67,80000,78],{"class":77},[67,80002,80003],{"class":134}," map",[67,80005,138],{"class":81},[67,80007,1526],{"class":362},[67,80009,89],{"class":81},[67,80011,111],{"class":117},[67,80013,144],{"class":81},[67,80015,80016,80018,80020,80022,80024,80026],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,80017,135],{"class":134},[67,80019,138],{"class":81},[67,80021,363],{"class":362},[67,80023,138],{"class":81},[67,80025,2451],{"class":117},[67,80027,1426],{"class":81},[14,80029,159],{},[58,80031,80033],{"className":60,"code":80032,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[17,80034,80035],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,80036,80037,80039,80041,80043,80045,80047,80049,80051,80053,80055,80057,80059,80061,80063,80065,80067,80069],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,80038,174],{"class":81},[67,80040,333],{"class":239},[67,80042,464],{"class":243},[67,80044,333],{"class":239},[67,80046,89],{"class":81},[67,80048,342],{"class":239},[67,80050,2245],{"class":243},[67,80052,333],{"class":239},[67,80054,89],{"class":81},[67,80056,342],{"class":239},[67,80058,2251],{"class":243},[67,80060,333],{"class":239},[67,80062,89],{"class":81},[67,80064,342],{"class":239},[67,80066,2694],{"class":243},[67,80068,333],{"class":239},[67,80070,100],{"class":81},[14,80072,185,80073,80076,80077,80079],{},[17,80074,80075],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[17,80078,24969],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[53,80081,3867,80083,3870],{"id":80082},"what-map-does",[17,80084,39895],{},[14,80086,80087,80089],{},[17,80088,39895],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80091,80092,80093,80095],{},"An ",[3934,80094,3911],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[25,80097,80098,80100,80102,80104],{},[28,80099,38081],{},[28,80101,38084],{},[28,80103,38087],{},[28,80105,80106],{},"a range object",[14,80108,30909],{},[58,80110,80112],{"className":60,"code":80111,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"map(function, iterable)\n",[17,80113,80114],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,80115,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124,80126],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,80117,40038],{"class":134},[67,80119,138],{"class":81},[67,80121,38040],{"class":117},[67,80123,89],{"class":81},[67,80125,38045],{"class":117},[67,80127,144],{"class":81},[14,80129,80130],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,80132,80133,80134,33926],{},"Important: the result is a ",[3934,80135,79958],{},[14,80137,80138,80139,114],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[45,80140,5325],{"href":5324},[53,80142,352],{"id":351},[14,80144,80145,80147],{},[17,80146,39895],{}," needs at least two parts:",[25,80149,80150,80156],{},[28,80151,80152,80155],{},[3934,80153,80154],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[28,80157,80158,80161],{},[3934,80159,80160],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,80163,3896],{},[58,80165,80166],{"className":60,"code":80111,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,80167,80168],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,80169,80170,80172,80174,80176,80178,80180],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,80171,40038],{"class":134},[67,80173,138],{"class":81},[67,80175,38040],{"class":117},[67,80177,89],{"class":81},[67,80179,38045],{"class":117},[67,80181,144],{"class":81},[14,80183,80184],{},"You can pass:",[25,80186,80187,80196,80199],{},[28,80188,80189,80190,1550,80192,1553,80194],{},"built-in functions like ",[17,80191,1526],{},[17,80193,2376],{},[17,80195,2206],{},[28,80197,80198],{},"your own custom function",[28,80200,80201],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80203,80204],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80206,80207,80208,80210],{},"You will often see ",[17,80209,39895],{}," used like this:",[58,80212,80214],{"className":60,"code":80213,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"list(map(function, values))\n",[17,80215,80216],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,80217,80218,80220,80222,80224,80226,80228,80230,80232],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,80219,363],{"class":362},[67,80221,138],{"class":81},[67,80223,40038],{"class":134},[67,80225,138],{"class":81},[67,80227,38040],{"class":117},[67,80229,89],{"class":81},[67,80231,4077],{"class":117},[67,80233,1426],{"class":81},[14,80235,6869,80236,80238],{},[17,80237,24969],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[53,80240,11663],{"id":11662},[14,80242,80243],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[58,80245,80247],{"className":60,"code":80246,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,80248,80249,80269,80287,80291],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,80250,80251,80253,80255,80257,80259,80261,80263,80265,80267],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,80252,74],{"class":73},[67,80254,78],{"class":77},[67,80256,82],{"class":81},[67,80258,86],{"class":85},[67,80260,89],{"class":81},[67,80262,92],{"class":85},[67,80264,89],{"class":81},[67,80266,97],{"class":85},[67,80268,100],{"class":81},[67,80270,80271,80273,80275,80277,80279,80281,80283,80285],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,80272,2416],{"class":73},[67,80274,78],{"class":77},[67,80276,80003],{"class":134},[67,80278,138],{"class":81},[67,80280,1526],{"class":362},[67,80282,89],{"class":81},[67,80284,111],{"class":117},[67,80286,144],{"class":81},[67,80288,80289],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,80290,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,80292,80293,80295,80297,80299,80301,80303],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,80294,135],{"class":134},[67,80296,138],{"class":81},[67,80298,363],{"class":362},[67,80300,138],{"class":81},[67,80302,2451],{"class":117},[67,80304,1426],{"class":81},[14,80306,159],{},[58,80308,80310],{"className":60,"code":80309,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[17,80311,80312],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,80313,80314,80316,80318,80320,80322,80324,80326,80328,80330,80332,80334,80336,80338],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,80315,174],{"class":81},[67,80317,333],{"class":239},[67,80319,86],{"class":243},[67,80321,333],{"class":239},[67,80323,89],{"class":81},[67,80325,342],{"class":239},[67,80327,1843],{"class":243},[67,80329,333],{"class":239},[67,80331,89],{"class":81},[67,80333,342],{"class":239},[67,80335,37021],{"class":243},[67,80337,333],{"class":239},[67,80339,100],{"class":81},[14,80341,11872],{},[25,80343,80344,80349,80357,80365,80373],{},[28,80345,80346,80348],{},[17,80347,154],{}," contains integers",[28,80350,80351,80354,80355],{},[17,80352,80353],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[17,80356,47862],{},[28,80358,80359,42335,80362],{},[17,80360,80361],{},"str(10)",[17,80363,80364],{},"'10'",[28,80366,80367,42335,80370],{},[17,80368,80369],{},"str(20)",[17,80371,80372],{},"'20'",[28,80374,80375,42335,80378],{},[17,80376,80377],{},"str(30)",[17,80379,80380],{},"'30'",[14,80382,53828,80383,80385,80386,80388],{},[17,80384,39895],{}," applies ",[17,80387,47862],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80390,80391,80392,80394,80395,114],{},"If you want to understand ",[17,80393,24969],{}," better, see ",[45,80396,3764,80397,3697],{"href":65016},[17,80398,24969],{},[53,80400,8604,80402,80404],{"id":80401},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[17,80403,39895],{}," with your own function",[14,80406,15902,80407,80409],{},[17,80408,39895],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[58,80411,80413],{"className":60,"code":80412,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,80414,80415,80428,80438,80442,80466,80485,80489],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,80416,80417,80419,80422,80424,80426],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,80418,35036],{"class":2254},[67,80420,80421],{"class":35039}," double",[67,80423,138],{"class":81},[67,80425,2361],{"class":37842},[67,80427,1407],{"class":81},[67,80429,80430,80432,80434,80436],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,80431,35047],{"class":1167},[67,80433,4071],{"class":73},[67,80435,40051],{"class":77},[67,80437,1377],{"class":85},[67,80439,80440],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,80441,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,80443,80444,80446,80448,80450,80452,80454,80456,80458,80460,80462,80464],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,80445,74],{"class":73},[67,80447,78],{"class":77},[67,80449,82],{"class":81},[67,80451,464],{"class":85},[67,80453,89],{"class":81},[67,80455,3182],{"class":85},[67,80457,89],{"class":81},[67,80459,2639],{"class":85},[67,80461,89],{"class":81},[67,80463,2645],{"class":85},[67,80465,100],{"class":81},[67,80467,80468,80470,80472,80474,80476,80479,80481,80483],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,80469,2416],{"class":73},[67,80471,78],{"class":77},[67,80473,80003],{"class":134},[67,80475,138],{"class":81},[67,80477,80478],{"class":117},"double",[67,80480,89],{"class":81},[67,80482,111],{"class":117},[67,80484,144],{"class":81},[67,80486,80487],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,80488,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,80490,80491,80493,80495,80497,80499,80501],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,80492,135],{"class":134},[67,80494,138],{"class":81},[67,80496,363],{"class":362},[67,80498,138],{"class":81},[67,80500,2451],{"class":117},[67,80502,1426],{"class":81},[14,80504,159],{},[58,80506,80507],{"className":60,"code":40064,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,80508,80509],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,80510,80511,80513,80515,80517,80519,80521,80523,80525,80527],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,80512,174],{"class":81},[67,80514,2245],{"class":85},[67,80516,89],{"class":81},[67,80518,2645],{"class":85},[67,80520,89],{"class":81},[67,80522,37823],{"class":85},[67,80524,89],{"class":81},[67,80526,6552],{"class":85},[67,80528,100],{"class":81},[14,80530,65752],{},[25,80532,80533,80540,80546],{},[28,80534,80535,80537,80538],{},[17,80536,39895],{}," takes the function ",[17,80539,80478],{},[28,80541,80542,80543,80545],{},"it sends each item from ",[17,80544,154],{}," into that function",[28,80547,80548],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80550,80551],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[25,80553,80554,80561,80568,80576],{},[28,80555,80556,6264,80559],{},[17,80557,80558],{},"double(1)",[17,80560,2245],{},[28,80562,80563,6264,80566],{},[17,80564,80565],{},"double(2)",[17,80567,2694],{},[28,80569,80570,6264,80573],{},[17,80571,80572],{},"double(3)",[17,80574,80575],{},"6",[28,80577,80578,6264,80581],{},[17,80579,80580],{},"double(4)",[17,80582,2532],{},[53,80584,8604,80586,80588],{"id":80585},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[17,80587,39895],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80590,80591,80593],{},[17,80592,39895],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80595,80596],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80598,222],{},[58,80600,80602],{"className":60,"code":80601,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,80603,80604,80621,80631,80635,80656,80677,80681,80706,80710],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,80605,80606,80608,80611,80613,80615,80617,80619],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,80607,35036],{"class":2254},[67,80609,80610],{"class":35039}," add_numbers",[67,80612,138],{"class":81},[67,80614,45],{"class":37842},[67,80616,89],{"class":81},[67,80618,2749],{"class":37842},[67,80620,1407],{"class":81},[67,80622,80623,80625,80627,80629],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,80624,35047],{"class":1167},[67,80626,44724],{"class":73},[67,80628,2248],{"class":77},[67,80630,36364],{"class":73},[67,80632,80633],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,80634,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,80636,80637,80640,80642,80644,80646,80648,80650,80652,80654],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,80638,80639],{"class":73},"list1 ",[67,80641,78],{"class":77},[67,80643,82],{"class":81},[67,80645,464],{"class":85},[67,80647,89],{"class":81},[67,80649,3182],{"class":85},[67,80651,89],{"class":81},[67,80653,2639],{"class":85},[67,80655,100],{"class":81},[67,80657,80658,80661,80663,80665,80667,80669,80671,80673,80675],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,80659,80660],{"class":73},"list2 ",[67,80662,78],{"class":77},[67,80664,82],{"class":81},[67,80666,86],{"class":85},[67,80668,89],{"class":81},[67,80670,92],{"class":85},[67,80672,89],{"class":81},[67,80674,97],{"class":85},[67,80676,100],{"class":81},[67,80678,80679],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,80680,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,80682,80683,80685,80687,80689,80691,80694,80696,80699,80701,80704],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,80684,2416],{"class":73},[67,80686,78],{"class":77},[67,80688,80003],{"class":134},[67,80690,138],{"class":81},[67,80692,80693],{"class":117},"add_numbers",[67,80695,89],{"class":81},[67,80697,80698],{"class":117}," list1",[67,80700,89],{"class":81},[67,80702,80703],{"class":117}," list2",[67,80705,144],{"class":81},[67,80707,80708],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,80709,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,80711,80712,80714,80716,80718,80720,80722],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,80713,135],{"class":134},[67,80715,138],{"class":81},[67,80717,363],{"class":362},[67,80719,138],{"class":81},[67,80721,2451],{"class":117},[67,80723,1426],{"class":81},[14,80725,159],{},[58,80727,80729],{"className":60,"code":80728,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[17,80730,80731],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,80732,80733,80735,80738,80740,80743,80745,80748],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,80734,174],{"class":81},[67,80736,80737],{"class":85},"11",[67,80739,89],{"class":81},[67,80741,80742],{"class":85}," 22",[67,80744,89],{"class":81},[67,80746,80747],{"class":85}," 33",[67,80749,100],{"class":81},[14,80751,2366],{},[25,80753,80754,80760,80766],{},[28,80755,80756,80757],{},"the first values are used together: ",[17,80758,80759],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[28,80761,80762,80763],{},"then ",[17,80764,80765],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[28,80767,80762,80768],{},[17,80769,80770],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1109,80772,80774,80776],{"id":80773},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[17,80775,39895],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80778,80779,80780,80782],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[17,80781,39895],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[58,80784,80786],{"className":60,"code":80785,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,80787,80788,80804,80814,80818,80842,80858,80862,80884,80888],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,80789,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800,80802],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,80791,35036],{"class":2254},[67,80793,80610],{"class":35039},[67,80795,138],{"class":81},[67,80797,45],{"class":37842},[67,80799,89],{"class":81},[67,80801,2749],{"class":37842},[67,80803,1407],{"class":81},[67,80805,80806,80808,80810,80812],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,80807,35047],{"class":1167},[67,80809,44724],{"class":73},[67,80811,2248],{"class":77},[67,80813,36364],{"class":73},[67,80815,80816],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,80817,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,80819,80820,80822,80824,80826,80828,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838,80840],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,80821,80639],{"class":73},[67,80823,78],{"class":77},[67,80825,82],{"class":81},[67,80827,464],{"class":85},[67,80829,89],{"class":81},[67,80831,3182],{"class":85},[67,80833,89],{"class":81},[67,80835,2639],{"class":85},[67,80837,89],{"class":81},[67,80839,2645],{"class":85},[67,80841,100],{"class":81},[67,80843,80844,80846,80848,80850,80852,80854,80856],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,80845,80660],{"class":73},[67,80847,78],{"class":77},[67,80849,82],{"class":81},[67,80851,86],{"class":85},[67,80853,89],{"class":81},[67,80855,92],{"class":85},[67,80857,100],{"class":81},[67,80859,80860],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,80861,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,80863,80864,80866,80868,80870,80872,80874,80876,80878,80880,80882],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,80865,2416],{"class":73},[67,80867,78],{"class":77},[67,80869,80003],{"class":134},[67,80871,138],{"class":81},[67,80873,80693],{"class":117},[67,80875,89],{"class":81},[67,80877,80698],{"class":117},[67,80879,89],{"class":81},[67,80881,80703],{"class":117},[67,80883,144],{"class":81},[67,80885,80886],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,80887,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,80889,80890,80892,80894,80896,80898,80900],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,80891,135],{"class":134},[67,80893,138],{"class":81},[67,80895,363],{"class":362},[67,80897,138],{"class":81},[67,80899,2451],{"class":117},[67,80901,1426],{"class":81},[14,80903,159],{},[58,80905,80907],{"className":60,"code":80906,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[11, 22]\n",[17,80908,80909],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,80910,80911,80913,80915,80917,80919],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,80912,174],{"class":81},[67,80914,80737],{"class":85},[67,80916,89],{"class":81},[67,80918,80742],{"class":85},[67,80920,100],{"class":81},[14,80922,80923,80924,80927],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[17,80925,80926],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[53,80929,80931,80933],{"id":80930},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[17,80932,39895],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,80935,38203,80936,80938],{},[17,80937,39895],{}," returns a map object.",[14,80940,80941,80942,80945],{},"This object is ",[3934,80943,80944],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1109,80947,2677,80949,80951],{"id":80948},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[17,80950,33212],{}," looks strange",[14,80953,33827],{},[58,80955,80957],{"className":60,"code":80956,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,80958,80959,80979,80997,81001],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,80960,80961,80963,80965,80967,80969,80971,80973,80975,80977],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,80962,74],{"class":73},[67,80964,78],{"class":77},[67,80966,82],{"class":81},[67,80968,464],{"class":85},[67,80970,89],{"class":81},[67,80972,3182],{"class":85},[67,80974,89],{"class":81},[67,80976,2639],{"class":85},[67,80978,100],{"class":81},[67,80980,80981,80983,80985,80987,80989,80991,80993,80995],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,80982,2416],{"class":73},[67,80984,78],{"class":77},[67,80986,80003],{"class":134},[67,80988,138],{"class":81},[67,80990,1526],{"class":362},[67,80992,89],{"class":81},[67,80994,111],{"class":117},[67,80996,144],{"class":81},[67,80998,80999],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,81000,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,81002,81003,81005,81007,81009],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,81004,135],{"class":134},[67,81006,138],{"class":81},[67,81008,2451],{"class":117},[67,81010,144],{"class":81},[14,81012,81013],{},"Output will look something like this:",[58,81015,81017],{"className":60,"code":81016,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[17,81018,81019],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81020,81021,81023,81025,81027,81029,81031,81033],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81022,1397],{"class":77},[67,81024,40038],{"class":134},[67,81026,1531],{"class":362},[67,81028,37543],{"class":73},[67,81030,37547],{"class":37546},[67,81032,37550],{"class":34638},[67,81034,3491],{"class":77},[14,81036,81037],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,81039,81040],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[58,81042,81044],{"className":60,"code":81043,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,81045,81046,81066,81084,81088],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81047,81048,81050,81052,81054,81056,81058,81060,81062,81064],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81049,74],{"class":73},[67,81051,78],{"class":77},[67,81053,82],{"class":81},[67,81055,464],{"class":85},[67,81057,89],{"class":81},[67,81059,3182],{"class":85},[67,81061,89],{"class":81},[67,81063,2639],{"class":85},[67,81065,100],{"class":81},[67,81067,81068,81070,81072,81074,81076,81078,81080,81082],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,81069,2416],{"class":73},[67,81071,78],{"class":77},[67,81073,80003],{"class":134},[67,81075,138],{"class":81},[67,81077,1526],{"class":362},[67,81079,89],{"class":81},[67,81081,111],{"class":117},[67,81083,144],{"class":81},[67,81085,81086],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,81087,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,81089,81090,81092,81094,81096,81098,81100],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,81091,135],{"class":134},[67,81093,138],{"class":81},[67,81095,363],{"class":362},[67,81097,138],{"class":81},[67,81099,2451],{"class":117},[67,81101,1426],{"class":81},[14,81103,159],{},[58,81105,81107],{"className":60,"code":81106,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[17,81108,81109],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81110,81111,81113,81115,81117,81119,81121,81123,81125,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81112,174],{"class":81},[67,81114,333],{"class":239},[67,81116,464],{"class":243},[67,81118,333],{"class":239},[67,81120,89],{"class":81},[67,81122,342],{"class":239},[67,81124,2245],{"class":243},[67,81126,333],{"class":239},[67,81128,89],{"class":81},[67,81130,342],{"class":239},[67,81132,2251],{"class":243},[67,81134,333],{"class":239},[67,81136,100],{"class":81},[1109,81138,81140],{"id":81139},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[58,81142,81144],{"className":60,"code":81143,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[17,81145,81146,81166,81184,81188,81201],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81147,81148,81150,81152,81154,81156,81158,81160,81162,81164],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81149,74],{"class":73},[67,81151,78],{"class":77},[67,81153,82],{"class":81},[67,81155,464],{"class":85},[67,81157,89],{"class":81},[67,81159,3182],{"class":85},[67,81161,89],{"class":81},[67,81163,2639],{"class":85},[67,81165,100],{"class":81},[67,81167,81168,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,81169,2416],{"class":73},[67,81171,78],{"class":77},[67,81173,80003],{"class":134},[67,81175,138],{"class":81},[67,81177,1526],{"class":362},[67,81179,89],{"class":81},[67,81181,111],{"class":117},[67,81183,144],{"class":81},[67,81185,81186],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,81187,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,81189,81190,81192,81194,81196,81199],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,81191,6150],{"class":1167},[67,81193,6153],{"class":73},[67,81195,4074],{"class":1167},[67,81197,81198],{"class":73}," result",[67,81200,1223],{"class":81},[67,81202,81203,81205,81207,81209],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,81204,1228],{"class":134},[67,81206,138],{"class":81},[67,81208,479],{"class":117},[67,81210,144],{"class":81},[14,81212,159],{},[58,81214,81216],{"className":60,"code":81215,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"1\n2\n3\n",[17,81217,81218,81222,81226],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81219,81220],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81221,47095],{"class":85},[67,81223,81224],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,81225,17244],{"class":85},[67,81227,81228],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,81229,46795],{"class":85},[1109,81231,81233],{"id":81232},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81235,81236],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[58,81238,81240],{"className":60,"code":81239,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,81241,81242,81262,81280,81284,81298],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81243,81244,81246,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81245,74],{"class":73},[67,81247,78],{"class":77},[67,81249,82],{"class":81},[67,81251,464],{"class":85},[67,81253,89],{"class":81},[67,81255,3182],{"class":85},[67,81257,89],{"class":81},[67,81259,2639],{"class":85},[67,81261,100],{"class":81},[67,81263,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,81265,2416],{"class":73},[67,81267,78],{"class":77},[67,81269,80003],{"class":134},[67,81271,138],{"class":81},[67,81273,1526],{"class":362},[67,81275,89],{"class":81},[67,81277,111],{"class":117},[67,81279,144],{"class":81},[67,81281,81282],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,81283,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,81285,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294,81296],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,81287,135],{"class":134},[67,81289,138],{"class":81},[67,81291,363],{"class":362},[67,81293,138],{"class":81},[67,81295,2451],{"class":117},[67,81297,1426],{"class":81},[67,81299,81300,81302,81304,81306,81308,81310],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,81301,135],{"class":134},[67,81303,138],{"class":81},[67,81305,363],{"class":362},[67,81307,138],{"class":81},[67,81309,2451],{"class":117},[67,81311,1426],{"class":81},[14,81313,159],{},[58,81315,81317],{"className":60,"code":81316,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[17,81318,81319,81347],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81320,81321,81323,81325,81327,81329,81331,81333,81335,81337,81339,81341,81343,81345],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81322,174],{"class":81},[67,81324,333],{"class":239},[67,81326,464],{"class":243},[67,81328,333],{"class":239},[67,81330,89],{"class":81},[67,81332,342],{"class":239},[67,81334,2245],{"class":243},[67,81336,333],{"class":239},[67,81338,89],{"class":81},[67,81340,342],{"class":239},[67,81342,2251],{"class":243},[67,81344,333],{"class":239},[67,81346,100],{"class":81},[67,81348,81349],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,81350,38477],{"class":81},[14,81352,81353],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81355,81356],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[58,81358,81360],{"className":60,"code":81359,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[17,81361,81362,81382,81404,81408,81418],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81363,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81365,74],{"class":73},[67,81367,78],{"class":77},[67,81369,82],{"class":81},[67,81371,464],{"class":85},[67,81373,89],{"class":81},[67,81375,3182],{"class":85},[67,81377,89],{"class":81},[67,81379,2639],{"class":85},[67,81381,100],{"class":81},[67,81383,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,81385,2416],{"class":73},[67,81387,78],{"class":77},[67,81389,22749],{"class":362},[67,81391,138],{"class":81},[67,81393,40038],{"class":134},[67,81395,138],{"class":81},[67,81397,1526],{"class":362},[67,81399,89],{"class":81},[67,81401,111],{"class":117},[67,81403,1426],{"class":81},[67,81405,81406],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,81407,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,81409,81410,81412,81414,81416],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,81411,135],{"class":134},[67,81413,138],{"class":81},[67,81415,2451],{"class":117},[67,81417,144],{"class":81},[67,81419,81420,81422,81424,81426],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,81421,135],{"class":134},[67,81423,138],{"class":81},[67,81425,2451],{"class":117},[67,81427,144],{"class":81},[14,81429,159],{},[58,81431,81433],{"className":60,"code":81432,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[17,81434,81435,81463],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81436,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457,81459,81461],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81438,174],{"class":81},[67,81440,333],{"class":239},[67,81442,464],{"class":243},[67,81444,333],{"class":239},[67,81446,89],{"class":81},[67,81448,342],{"class":239},[67,81450,2245],{"class":243},[67,81452,333],{"class":239},[67,81454,89],{"class":81},[67,81456,342],{"class":239},[67,81458,2251],{"class":243},[67,81460,333],{"class":239},[67,81462,100],{"class":81},[67,81464,81465,81467,81469,81471,81473,81475,81477,81479,81481,81483,81485,81487,81489],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,81466,174],{"class":81},[67,81468,333],{"class":239},[67,81470,464],{"class":243},[67,81472,333],{"class":239},[67,81474,89],{"class":81},[67,81476,342],{"class":239},[67,81478,2245],{"class":243},[67,81480,333],{"class":239},[67,81482,89],{"class":81},[67,81484,342],{"class":239},[67,81486,2251],{"class":243},[67,81488,333],{"class":239},[67,81490,100],{"class":81},[53,81492,5151,81494],{"id":81493},"when-to-use-map",[17,81495,39895],{},[14,81497,81498,81500],{},[17,81499,39895],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81502,81503],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[25,81505,81506,81510,81514],{},[28,81507,81508],{},[17,81509,1526],{},[28,81511,81512],{},[17,81513,2376],{},[28,81515,81516],{},[17,81517,2206],{},[14,81519,222],{},[58,81521,81523],{"className":60,"code":81522,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,81524,81525,81557,81579,81583],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81526,81527,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553,81555],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81528,4014],{"class":73},[67,81530,78],{"class":77},[67,81532,82],{"class":81},[67,81534,333],{"class":239},[67,81536,464],{"class":243},[67,81538,333],{"class":239},[67,81540,89],{"class":81},[67,81542,342],{"class":239},[67,81544,2245],{"class":243},[67,81546,333],{"class":239},[67,81548,89],{"class":81},[67,81550,342],{"class":239},[67,81552,2251],{"class":243},[67,81554,333],{"class":239},[67,81556,100],{"class":81},[67,81558,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,81560,74],{"class":73},[67,81562,78],{"class":77},[67,81564,22749],{"class":362},[67,81566,138],{"class":81},[67,81568,40038],{"class":134},[67,81570,138],{"class":81},[67,81572,2376],{"class":362},[67,81574,89],{"class":81},[67,81576,4077],{"class":117},[67,81578,1426],{"class":81},[67,81580,81581],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,81582,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,81584,81585,81587,81589,81591],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,81586,135],{"class":134},[67,81588,138],{"class":81},[67,81590,154],{"class":117},[67,81592,144],{"class":81},[14,81594,159],{},[58,81596,81597],{"className":60,"code":55321,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,81598,81599],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81600,81601,81603,81605,81607,81609,81611,81613],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81602,174],{"class":81},[67,81604,464],{"class":85},[67,81606,89],{"class":81},[67,81608,3182],{"class":85},[67,81610,89],{"class":81},[67,81612,2639],{"class":85},[67,81614,100],{"class":81},[14,81616,81617],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81619,81620],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[58,81622,81624],{"className":60,"code":81623,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[17,81625,81626,81646,81668],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81627,81628,81630,81632,81634,81636,81638,81640,81642,81644],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81629,74],{"class":73},[67,81631,78],{"class":77},[67,81633,82],{"class":81},[67,81635,464],{"class":85},[67,81637,89],{"class":81},[67,81639,3182],{"class":85},[67,81641,89],{"class":81},[67,81643,2639],{"class":85},[67,81645,100],{"class":81},[67,81647,81648,81650,81652,81654,81656,81658,81660,81662,81664,81666],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,81649,2416],{"class":73},[67,81651,78],{"class":77},[67,81653,22749],{"class":362},[67,81655,138],{"class":81},[67,81657,40038],{"class":134},[67,81659,138],{"class":81},[67,81661,1526],{"class":362},[67,81663,89],{"class":81},[67,81665,111],{"class":117},[67,81667,1426],{"class":81},[67,81669,81670,81672,81674,81676],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,81671,135],{"class":134},[67,81673,138],{"class":81},[67,81675,2451],{"class":117},[67,81677,144],{"class":81},[58,81679,81681],{"className":60,"code":81680,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[17,81682,81683,81703,81730],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81684,81685,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695,81697,81699,81701],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81686,74],{"class":73},[67,81688,78],{"class":77},[67,81690,82],{"class":81},[67,81692,464],{"class":85},[67,81694,89],{"class":81},[67,81696,3182],{"class":85},[67,81698,89],{"class":81},[67,81700,2639],{"class":85},[67,81702,100],{"class":81},[67,81704,81705,81707,81709,81711,81713,81715,81717,81719,81721,81724,81726,81728],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,81706,2416],{"class":73},[67,81708,78],{"class":77},[67,81710,82],{"class":81},[67,81712,1526],{"class":362},[67,81714,138],{"class":81},[67,81716,76011],{"class":117},[67,81718,3849],{"class":81},[67,81720,4068],{"class":1167},[67,81722,81723],{"class":73}," n ",[67,81725,4074],{"class":1167},[67,81727,111],{"class":73},[67,81729,100],{"class":81},[67,81731,81732,81734,81736,81738],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,81733,135],{"class":134},[67,81735,138],{"class":81},[67,81737,2451],{"class":117},[67,81739,144],{"class":81},[14,81741,81742],{},"Both produce:",[58,81744,81745],{"className":60,"code":81106,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,81746,81747],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81748,81749,81751,81753,81755,81757,81759,81761,81763,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81750,174],{"class":81},[67,81752,333],{"class":239},[67,81754,464],{"class":243},[67,81756,333],{"class":239},[67,81758,89],{"class":81},[67,81760,342],{"class":239},[67,81762,2245],{"class":243},[67,81764,333],{"class":239},[67,81766,89],{"class":81},[67,81768,342],{"class":239},[67,81770,2251],{"class":243},[67,81772,333],{"class":239},[67,81774,100],{"class":81},[14,81776,81777],{},"A simple rule:",[25,81779,81780,81785,81790],{},[28,81781,40169,81782,81784],{},[17,81783,39895],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[28,81786,40175,81787,81789],{},[17,81788,6150],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[28,81791,81792],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81794,81795,81796,114],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[45,81797,4581],{"href":4580},[53,81799,4707],{"id":4706},[1109,81801,81803,81804],{"id":81802},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[17,81805,24969],{},[14,81807,81808],{},"This is very common:",[58,81810,81811],{"className":60,"code":80956,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,81812,81813,81833,81851,81855],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81814,81815,81817,81819,81821,81823,81825,81827,81829,81831],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81816,74],{"class":73},[67,81818,78],{"class":77},[67,81820,82],{"class":81},[67,81822,464],{"class":85},[67,81824,89],{"class":81},[67,81826,3182],{"class":85},[67,81828,89],{"class":81},[67,81830,2639],{"class":85},[67,81832,100],{"class":81},[67,81834,81835,81837,81839,81841,81843,81845,81847,81849],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,81836,2416],{"class":73},[67,81838,78],{"class":77},[67,81840,80003],{"class":134},[67,81842,138],{"class":81},[67,81844,1526],{"class":362},[67,81846,89],{"class":81},[67,81848,111],{"class":117},[67,81850,144],{"class":81},[67,81852,81853],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,81854,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,81856,81857,81859,81861,81863],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,81858,135],{"class":134},[67,81860,138],{"class":81},[67,81862,2451],{"class":117},[67,81864,144],{"class":81},[14,81866,81867],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81869,1177],{},[58,81871,81873],{"className":60,"code":81872,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(list(result))\n",[17,81874,81875],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81876,81877,81879,81881,81883,81885,81887],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81878,135],{"class":134},[67,81880,138],{"class":81},[67,81882,363],{"class":362},[67,81884,138],{"class":81},[67,81886,2451],{"class":117},[67,81888,1426],{"class":81},[1109,81890,81892],{"id":81891},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81894,16831],{},[58,81896,81898],{"className":60,"code":81897,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[17,81899,81900,81920],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81901,81902,81904,81906,81908,81910,81912,81914,81916,81918],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81903,74],{"class":73},[67,81905,78],{"class":77},[67,81907,82],{"class":81},[67,81909,464],{"class":85},[67,81911,89],{"class":81},[67,81913,3182],{"class":85},[67,81915,89],{"class":81},[67,81917,2639],{"class":85},[67,81919,100],{"class":81},[67,81921,81922,81924,81926,81928,81930,81932,81935,81937],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,81923,2416],{"class":73},[67,81925,78],{"class":77},[67,81927,80003],{"class":134},[67,81929,138],{"class":81},[67,81931,1526],{"class":362},[67,81933,81934],{"class":81},"(),",[67,81936,111],{"class":117},[67,81938,144],{"class":81},[14,81940,81941,81942,81944,81945,81947],{},"This is wrong because ",[17,81943,47862],{}," is being called immediately. ",[17,81946,39895],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,81949,16843],{},[58,81951,81952],{"className":60,"code":81043,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,81953,81954,81974,81992,81996],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,81955,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964,81966,81968,81970,81972],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,81957,74],{"class":73},[67,81959,78],{"class":77},[67,81961,82],{"class":81},[67,81963,464],{"class":85},[67,81965,89],{"class":81},[67,81967,3182],{"class":85},[67,81969,89],{"class":81},[67,81971,2639],{"class":85},[67,81973,100],{"class":81},[67,81975,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984,81986,81988,81990],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,81977,2416],{"class":73},[67,81979,78],{"class":77},[67,81981,80003],{"class":134},[67,81983,138],{"class":81},[67,81985,1526],{"class":362},[67,81987,89],{"class":81},[67,81989,111],{"class":117},[67,81991,144],{"class":81},[67,81993,81994],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,81995,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,81997,81998,82000,82002,82004,82006,82008],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,81999,135],{"class":134},[67,82001,138],{"class":81},[67,82003,363],{"class":362},[67,82005,138],{"class":81},[67,82007,2451],{"class":117},[67,82009,1426],{"class":81},[1109,82011,82013],{"id":82012},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,82015,82016],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,82018,16831],{},[58,82020,82022],{"className":60,"code":82021,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,82023,82024,82041,82051,82055,82075,82094,82098],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,82025,82026,82028,82031,82033,82035,82037,82039],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,82027,35036],{"class":2254},[67,82029,82030],{"class":35039}," add",[67,82032,138],{"class":81},[67,82034,45],{"class":37842},[67,82036,89],{"class":81},[67,82038,2749],{"class":37842},[67,82040,1407],{"class":81},[67,82042,82043,82045,82047,82049],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,82044,35047],{"class":1167},[67,82046,44724],{"class":73},[67,82048,2248],{"class":77},[67,82050,36364],{"class":73},[67,82052,82053],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,82054,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,82056,82057,82059,82061,82063,82065,82067,82069,82071,82073],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,82058,74],{"class":73},[67,82060,78],{"class":77},[67,82062,82],{"class":81},[67,82064,464],{"class":85},[67,82066,89],{"class":81},[67,82068,3182],{"class":85},[67,82070,89],{"class":81},[67,82072,2639],{"class":85},[67,82074,100],{"class":81},[67,82076,82077,82079,82081,82083,82085,82088,82090,82092],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,82078,2416],{"class":73},[67,82080,78],{"class":77},[67,82082,80003],{"class":134},[67,82084,138],{"class":81},[67,82086,82087],{"class":117},"add",[67,82089,89],{"class":81},[67,82091,111],{"class":117},[67,82093,144],{"class":81},[67,82095,82096],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,82097,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,82099,82100,82102,82104,82106,82108,82110],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,82101,135],{"class":134},[67,82103,138],{"class":81},[67,82105,363],{"class":362},[67,82107,138],{"class":81},[67,82109,2451],{"class":117},[67,82111,1426],{"class":81},[14,82113,16843],{},[58,82115,82117],{"className":60,"code":82116,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,82118,82119,82135,82145,82149,82169,82189,82211,82215],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,82120,82121,82123,82125,82127,82129,82131,82133],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,82122,35036],{"class":2254},[67,82124,82030],{"class":35039},[67,82126,138],{"class":81},[67,82128,45],{"class":37842},[67,82130,89],{"class":81},[67,82132,2749],{"class":37842},[67,82134,1407],{"class":81},[67,82136,82137,82139,82141,82143],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,82138,35047],{"class":1167},[67,82140,44724],{"class":73},[67,82142,2248],{"class":77},[67,82144,36364],{"class":73},[67,82146,82147],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,82148,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,82150,82151,82153,82155,82157,82159,82161,82163,82165,82167],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,82152,80639],{"class":73},[67,82154,78],{"class":77},[67,82156,82],{"class":81},[67,82158,464],{"class":85},[67,82160,89],{"class":81},[67,82162,3182],{"class":85},[67,82164,89],{"class":81},[67,82166,2639],{"class":85},[67,82168,100],{"class":81},[67,82170,82171,82173,82175,82177,82179,82181,82183,82185,82187],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,82172,80660],{"class":73},[67,82174,78],{"class":77},[67,82176,82],{"class":81},[67,82178,86],{"class":85},[67,82180,89],{"class":81},[67,82182,92],{"class":85},[67,82184,89],{"class":81},[67,82186,97],{"class":85},[67,82188,100],{"class":81},[67,82190,82191,82193,82195,82197,82199,82201,82203,82205,82207,82209],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,82192,2416],{"class":73},[67,82194,78],{"class":77},[67,82196,80003],{"class":134},[67,82198,138],{"class":81},[67,82200,82087],{"class":117},[67,82202,89],{"class":81},[67,82204,80698],{"class":117},[67,82206,89],{"class":81},[67,82208,80703],{"class":117},[67,82210,144],{"class":81},[67,82212,82213],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,82214,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,82216,82217,82219,82221,82223,82225,82227],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,82218,135],{"class":134},[67,82220,138],{"class":81},[67,82222,363],{"class":362},[67,82224,138],{"class":81},[67,82226,2451],{"class":117},[67,82228,1426],{"class":81},[1109,82230,82232],{"id":82231},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82234,16831],{},[58,82236,82237],{"className":60,"code":81239,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,82238,82239,82259,82277,82281,82295],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,82240,82241,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251,82253,82255,82257],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,82242,74],{"class":73},[67,82244,78],{"class":77},[67,82246,82],{"class":81},[67,82248,464],{"class":85},[67,82250,89],{"class":81},[67,82252,3182],{"class":85},[67,82254,89],{"class":81},[67,82256,2639],{"class":85},[67,82258,100],{"class":81},[67,82260,82261,82263,82265,82267,82269,82271,82273,82275],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,82262,2416],{"class":73},[67,82264,78],{"class":77},[67,82266,80003],{"class":134},[67,82268,138],{"class":81},[67,82270,1526],{"class":362},[67,82272,89],{"class":81},[67,82274,111],{"class":117},[67,82276,144],{"class":81},[67,82278,82279],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,82280,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,82282,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291,82293],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,82284,135],{"class":134},[67,82286,138],{"class":81},[67,82288,363],{"class":362},[67,82290,138],{"class":81},[67,82292,2451],{"class":117},[67,82294,1426],{"class":81},[67,82296,82297,82299,82301,82303,82305,82307],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,82298,135],{"class":134},[67,82300,138],{"class":81},[67,82302,363],{"class":362},[67,82304,138],{"class":81},[67,82306,2451],{"class":117},[67,82308,1426],{"class":81},[14,82310,82311],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82313,82314],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[53,82316,68062],{"id":68061},[14,82318,9061,82319,82321],{},[17,82320,39895],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[58,82323,82325],{"className":60,"code":82324,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[17,82326,82327,82337,82351,82365,82377],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,82328,82329,82331,82333,82335],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,82330,135],{"class":134},[67,82332,138],{"class":81},[67,82334,2451],{"class":117},[67,82336,144],{"class":81},[67,82338,82339,82341,82343,82345,82347,82349],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,82340,135],{"class":134},[67,82342,138],{"class":81},[67,82344,363],{"class":362},[67,82346,138],{"class":81},[67,82348,2451],{"class":117},[67,82350,1426],{"class":81},[67,82352,82353,82355,82357,82359,82361,82363],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,82354,135],{"class":134},[67,82356,138],{"class":81},[67,82358,2011],{"class":362},[67,82360,138],{"class":81},[67,82362,2451],{"class":117},[67,82364,1426],{"class":81},[67,82366,82367,82369,82371,82373,82375],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,82368,6150],{"class":1167},[67,82370,6153],{"class":73},[67,82372,4074],{"class":1167},[67,82374,81198],{"class":73},[67,82376,1223],{"class":81},[67,82378,82379,82381,82383,82385],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,82380,1228],{"class":134},[67,82382,138],{"class":81},[67,82384,479],{"class":117},[67,82386,144],{"class":81},[14,82388,12862],{},[25,82390,82391,82396,82401,82407],{},[28,82392,82393,82395],{},[17,82394,33212],{}," shows that you have a map object",[28,82397,82398,82400],{},[17,82399,33220],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[28,82402,82403,82406],{},[17,82404,82405],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[28,82408,82409,82410,82412],{},"looping over ",[17,82411,2451],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82414,82415,82416,82419,82420,82422],{},"Be careful: ",[17,82417,82418],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[17,82421,6150],{}," loop consume the map object.",[53,82424,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,82426,12894,82428,82430],{"id":82427},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[17,82429,39895],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82432,82433,82434,82436,82437,24127],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[17,82435,39895],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[17,82438,82439],{},"list(map(...))",[1109,82441,15090,82443,82445,82446,82448],{"id":82442},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[17,82444,39895],{}," better than a ",[17,82447,6150],{}," loop?",[14,82450,82451,82452,82454,82455,82457],{},"Not always. ",[17,82453,39895],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[17,82456,6150],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1109,82459,5359,82461,82463],{"id":82460},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[17,82462,39895],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82465,82466],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1109,82468,82470],{"id":82469},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82472,82473],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[53,82475,2094],{"id":2093},[25,82477,82478,82484,82490,82494,82498],{},[28,82479,82480],{},[45,82481,3764,82482,3697],{"href":40264},[17,82483,37755],{},[28,82485,82486],{},[45,82487,3764,82488,3697],{"href":65016},[17,82489,24969],{},[28,82491,82492],{},[45,82493,5411],{"href":5320},[28,82495,82496],{},[45,82497,5416],{"href":4580},[28,82499,82500],{},[45,82501,5406],{"href":5324},[2122,82503,82504],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":82506},[82507,82508,82510,82511,82512,82514,82519,82526,82528,82535,82536,82545],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":80082,"depth":103,"text":82509},"What map() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":80401,"depth":103,"text":82513},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80585,"depth":103,"text":82515,"children":82516},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82517],{"id":80773,"depth":124,"text":82518},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80930,"depth":103,"text":82520,"children":82521},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82522,82524,82525],{"id":80948,"depth":124,"text":82523},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81139,"depth":124,"text":81140},{"id":81232,"depth":124,"text":81233},{"id":81493,"depth":103,"text":82527},"When to use map()",{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":82529},[82530,82532,82533,82534],{"id":81802,"depth":124,"text":82531},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81891,"depth":124,"text":81892},{"id":82012,"depth":124,"text":82013},{"id":82231,"depth":124,"text":82232},{"id":68061,"depth":103,"text":68062},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":82537},[82538,82540,82542,82544],{"id":82427,"depth":124,"text":82539},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82442,"depth":124,"text":82541},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82460,"depth":124,"text":82543},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82469,"depth":124,"text":82470},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79914,"description":82546},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82553,"title":82554,"body":82555,"description":84575,"extension":2153,"meta":84576,"navigation":127,"path":84577,"seo":84578,"stem":84579,"__hash__":84580},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82556,"toc":84533},[82557,82563,82568,82571,82579,82582,82584,82708,82710,82728,82730,82750,82755,82759,82773,82776,82779,82781,82786,82898,82901,82919,82925,82928,82990,82992,83001,83004,83018,83020,83068,83070,83079,83089,83095,83098,83125,83127,83135,83138,83141,83211,83213,83221,83224,83229,83234,83285,83287,83295,83298,83300,83317,83319,83371,83374,83380,83384,83389,83392,83396,83455,83457,83466,83472,83481,83485,83548,83550,83558,83563,83567,83572,83652,83654,83663,83670,83675,83680,83683,83718,83720,83728,83731,83737,83739,83789,83791,83800,83803,83821,83823,83828,83834,83841,83868,83870,83893,83898,83933,83938,83944,83949,83992,83995,83998,84037,84044,84050,84055,84070,84074,84081,84084,84088,84093,84097,84102,84104,84165,84167,84196,84201,84208,84217,84219,84222,84247,84249,84352,84355,84373,84382,84384,84389,84392,84398,84401,84403,84413,84419,84423,84481,84488,84496,84498,84530],[10,82558,3764,82560,3768],{"id":82559},"python-max-function-explained",[17,82561,82562],{},"max()",[14,82564,9309,82565,82567],{},[17,82566,82562],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82569,82570],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[25,82572,82573,82576],{},[28,82574,82575],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[28,82577,82578],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82580,82581],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[53,82583,56],{"id":55},[58,82585,82587],{"className":60,"code":82586,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[17,82588,82589,82613,82628,82632,82658,82662,82694],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,82590,82591,82593,82595,82597,82599,82601,82603,82605,82607,82609,82611],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,82592,74],{"class":73},[67,82594,78],{"class":77},[67,82596,82],{"class":81},[67,82598,2251],{"class":85},[67,82600,89],{"class":81},[67,82602,6552],{"class":85},[67,82604,89],{"class":81},[67,82606,3182],{"class":85},[67,82608,89],{"class":81},[67,82610,4794],{"class":85},[67,82612,100],{"class":81},[67,82614,82615,82617,82619,82622,82624,82626],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,82616,135],{"class":134},[67,82618,138],{"class":81},[67,82620,82621],{"class":134},"max",[67,82623,138],{"class":81},[67,82625,154],{"class":117},[67,82627,1426],{"class":81},[67,82629,82630],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,82631,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,82633,82634,82636,82638,82640,82642,82644,82646,82648,82650,82652,82654,82656],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,82635,135],{"class":134},[67,82637,138],{"class":81},[67,82639,82621],{"class":134},[67,82641,138],{"class":81},[67,82643,2251],{"class":85},[67,82645,89],{"class":81},[67,82647,6552],{"class":85},[67,82649,89],{"class":81},[67,82651,3182],{"class":85},[67,82653,89],{"class":81},[67,82655,4794],{"class":85},[67,82657,1426],{"class":81},[67,82659,82660],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,82661,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,82663,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672,82674,82676,82678,82680,82682,82684,82686,82688,82690,82692],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,82665,4261],{"class":73},[67,82667,78],{"class":77},[67,82669,82],{"class":81},[67,82671,240],{"class":239},[67,82673,689],{"class":243},[67,82675,240],{"class":239},[67,82677,89],{"class":81},[67,82679,251],{"class":239},[67,82681,698],{"class":243},[67,82683,240],{"class":239},[67,82685,89],{"class":81},[67,82687,251],{"class":239},[67,82689,78725],{"class":243},[67,82691,240],{"class":239},[67,82693,100],{"class":81},[67,82695,82696,82698,82700,82702,82704,82706],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,82697,135],{"class":134},[67,82699,138],{"class":81},[67,82701,82621],{"class":134},[67,82703,138],{"class":81},[67,82705,4302],{"class":117},[67,82707,1426],{"class":81},[14,82709,159],{},[58,82711,82713],{"className":60,"code":82712,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"8\n8\npear\n",[17,82714,82715,82719,82723],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,82716,82717],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,82718,2568],{"class":85},[67,82720,82721],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,82722,2568],{"class":85},[67,82724,82725],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,82726,82727],{"class":73},"pear\n",[14,82729,20145],{},[25,82731,82732,82738,82744],{},[28,82733,82734,82737],{},[17,82735,82736],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[28,82739,82740,82743],{},[17,82741,82742],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[28,82745,82746,82749],{},[17,82747,82748],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[53,82751,3867,82753,3870],{"id":82752},"what-max-does",[17,82754,82562],{},[14,82756,82757,1161],{},[17,82758,82562],{},[25,82760,82761,82764,82767,82770],{},[28,82762,82763],{},"Returns the largest item",[28,82765,82766],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[28,82768,82769],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[28,82771,82772],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82774,82775],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82777,82778],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[53,82780,352],{"id":351},[14,82782,82783,82784,1161],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[17,82785,82562],{},[58,82787,82789],{"className":60,"code":82788,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[17,82790,82791,82801,82825,82847,82870],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,82792,82793,82795,82797,82799],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,82794,82621],{"class":134},[67,82796,138],{"class":81},[67,82798,3911],{"class":117},[67,82800,144],{"class":81},[67,82802,82803,82805,82807,82809,82811,82814,82816,82818,82820,82823],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,82804,82621],{"class":134},[67,82806,138],{"class":81},[67,82808,3911],{"class":117},[67,82810,89],{"class":81},[67,82812,82813],{"class":77}," *",[67,82815,89],{"class":81},[67,82817,21768],{"class":9362},[67,82819,78],{"class":77},[67,82821,82822],{"class":117},"func",[67,82824,144],{"class":81},[67,82826,82827,82829,82831,82833,82835,82837,82839,82841,82843,82845],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,82828,82621],{"class":134},[67,82830,138],{"class":81},[67,82832,3911],{"class":117},[67,82834,89],{"class":81},[67,82836,82813],{"class":77},[67,82838,89],{"class":81},[67,82840,26711],{"class":9362},[67,82842,78],{"class":77},[67,82844,2661],{"class":117},[67,82846,144],{"class":81},[67,82848,82849,82851,82853,82856,82858,82861,82863,82865,82868],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,82850,82621],{"class":134},[67,82852,138],{"class":81},[67,82854,82855],{"class":117},"arg1",[67,82857,89],{"class":81},[67,82859,82860],{"class":117}," arg2",[67,82862,89],{"class":81},[67,82864,82813],{"class":77},[67,82866,82867],{"class":117},"args",[67,82869,144],{"class":81},[67,82871,82872,82874,82876,82878,82880,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890,82892,82894,82896],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,82873,82621],{"class":134},[67,82875,138],{"class":81},[67,82877,82855],{"class":117},[67,82879,89],{"class":81},[67,82881,82860],{"class":117},[67,82883,89],{"class":81},[67,82885,82813],{"class":77},[67,82887,82867],{"class":117},[67,82889,89],{"class":81},[67,82891,21768],{"class":9362},[67,82893,78],{"class":77},[67,82895,82822],{"class":117},[67,82897,144],{"class":81},[14,82899,82900],{},"The most important parts are:",[25,82902,82903,82908,82913],{},[28,82904,82905,82907],{},[17,82906,3911],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[28,82909,82910,82912],{},[17,82911,15028],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[28,82914,82915,82918],{},[17,82916,82917],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[53,82920,8604,82922,82924],{"id":82921},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[17,82923,82562],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,82926,82927],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[58,82929,82931],{"className":60,"code":82930,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[17,82932,82933,82959,82975,82979],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,82934,82935,82937,82939,82941,82944,82946,82948,82950,82952,82954,82957],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,82936,5252],{"class":73},[67,82938,78],{"class":77},[67,82940,82],{"class":81},[67,82942,82943],{"class":85},"72",[67,82945,89],{"class":81},[67,82947,51687],{"class":85},[67,82949,89],{"class":81},[67,82951,13693],{"class":85},[67,82953,89],{"class":81},[67,82955,82956],{"class":85}," 66",[67,82958,100],{"class":81},[67,82960,82961,82964,82966,82969,82971,82973],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,82962,82963],{"class":73},"highest_score ",[67,82965,78],{"class":77},[67,82967,82968],{"class":134}," max",[67,82970,138],{"class":81},[67,82972,16576],{"class":117},[67,82974,144],{"class":81},[67,82976,82977],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,82978,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,82980,82981,82983,82985,82988],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,82982,135],{"class":134},[67,82984,138],{"class":81},[67,82986,82987],{"class":117},"highest_score",[67,82989,144],{"class":81},[14,82991,159],{},[58,82993,82995],{"className":60,"code":82994,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"91\n",[17,82996,82997],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,82998,82999],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83000,82994],{"class":85},[14,83002,83003],{},"This works well for:",[25,83005,83006,83009,83012,83015],{},[28,83007,83008],{},"Scores",[28,83010,83011],{},"Prices",[28,83013,83014],{},"Ages",[28,83016,83017],{},"Counts",[14,83019,52257],{},[58,83021,83023],{"className":60,"code":83022,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[17,83024,83025,83053],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83026,83027,83030,83032,83034,83036,83038,83041,83043,83046,83048,83051],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83028,83029],{"class":73},"prices ",[67,83031,78],{"class":77},[67,83033,82],{"class":81},[67,83035,40577],{"class":85},[67,83037,89],{"class":81},[67,83039,83040],{"class":85}," 5.50",[67,83042,89],{"class":81},[67,83044,83045],{"class":85}," 12.75",[67,83047,89],{"class":81},[67,83049,83050],{"class":85}," 29.00",[67,83052,100],{"class":81},[67,83054,83055,83057,83059,83061,83063,83066],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,83056,135],{"class":134},[67,83058,138],{"class":81},[67,83060,82621],{"class":134},[67,83062,138],{"class":81},[67,83064,83065],{"class":117},"prices",[67,83067,1426],{"class":81},[14,83069,159],{},[58,83071,83073],{"className":60,"code":83072,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"29.0\n",[17,83074,83075],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83076,83077],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83078,83072],{"class":85},[14,83080,83081,83082,83084,83085,114],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[17,83083,82562],{}," is simpler than ",[45,83086,83087],{"href":74502},[17,83088,74405],{},[53,83090,8604,83092,83094],{"id":83091},"using-max-with-separate-values",[17,83093,82562],{}," with separate values",[14,83096,83097],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[58,83099,83101],{"className":60,"code":83100,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[17,83102,83103],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83104,83105,83107,83109,83111,83113,83115,83117,83119,83121,83123],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83106,135],{"class":134},[67,83108,138],{"class":81},[67,83110,82621],{"class":134},[67,83112,138],{"class":81},[67,83114,2694],{"class":85},[67,83116,89],{"class":81},[67,83118,31127],{"class":85},[67,83120,89],{"class":81},[67,83122,6185],{"class":85},[67,83124,1426],{"class":81},[14,83126,159],{},[58,83128,83129],{"className":60,"code":2411,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,83130,83131],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83132,83133],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83134,2411],{"class":85},[14,83136,83137],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,83139,83140],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[58,83142,83144],{"className":60,"code":83143,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[17,83145,83146,83155,83163,83173,83177,83200],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83147,83148,83150,83152],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83149,2744],{"class":73},[67,83151,78],{"class":77},[67,83153,83154],{"class":85}," 15\n",[67,83156,83157,83159,83161],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,83158,2772],{"class":73},[67,83160,78],{"class":77},[67,83162,2959],{"class":85},[67,83164,83165,83168,83170],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,83166,83167],{"class":73},"c ",[67,83169,78],{"class":77},[67,83171,83172],{"class":85}," 27\n",[67,83174,83175],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,83176,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,83178,83179,83182,83184,83186,83188,83190,83192,83194,83196,83198],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,83180,83181],{"class":73},"largest ",[67,83183,78],{"class":77},[67,83185,82968],{"class":134},[67,83187,138],{"class":81},[67,83189,45],{"class":117},[67,83191,89],{"class":81},[67,83193,2749],{"class":117},[67,83195,89],{"class":81},[67,83197,9869],{"class":117},[67,83199,144],{"class":81},[67,83201,83202,83204,83206,83209],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,83203,135],{"class":134},[67,83205,138],{"class":81},[67,83207,83208],{"class":117},"largest",[67,83210,144],{"class":81},[14,83212,159],{},[58,83214,83215],{"className":60,"code":46790,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,83216,83217],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83218,83219],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83220,46790],{"class":85},[14,83222,83223],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[53,83225,8604,83227,47237],{"id":83226},"using-max-with-strings",[17,83228,82562],{},[14,83230,83231,83233],{},[17,83232,82562],{}," can compare strings too.",[58,83235,83237],{"className":60,"code":83236,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[17,83238,83239,83271],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83240,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249,83251,83253,83255,83257,83259,83261,83263,83265,83267,83269],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83242,4261],{"class":73},[67,83244,78],{"class":77},[67,83246,82],{"class":81},[67,83248,240],{"class":239},[67,83250,689],{"class":243},[67,83252,240],{"class":239},[67,83254,89],{"class":81},[67,83256,251],{"class":239},[67,83258,698],{"class":243},[67,83260,240],{"class":239},[67,83262,89],{"class":81},[67,83264,251],{"class":239},[67,83266,78725],{"class":243},[67,83268,240],{"class":239},[67,83270,100],{"class":81},[67,83272,83273,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,83274,135],{"class":134},[67,83276,138],{"class":81},[67,83278,82621],{"class":134},[67,83280,138],{"class":81},[67,83282,4302],{"class":117},[67,83284,1426],{"class":81},[14,83286,159],{},[58,83288,83289],{"className":60,"code":82727,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,83290,83291],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83292,83293],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83294,82727],{"class":73},[14,83296,83297],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83299,68450],{},[25,83301,83302,83311,83314],{},[28,83303,83304,83307,83308,83310],{},[17,83305,83306],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[17,83309,65442],{}," alphabetically",[28,83312,83313],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[28,83315,83316],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83318,222],{},[58,83320,83322],{"className":60,"code":83321,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[17,83323,83324,83357],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83325,83326,83328,83330,83332,83334,83336,83338,83340,83342,83345,83347,83349,83351,83353,83355],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83327,4261],{"class":73},[67,83329,78],{"class":77},[67,83331,82],{"class":81},[67,83333,240],{"class":239},[67,83335,689],{"class":243},[67,83337,240],{"class":239},[67,83339,89],{"class":81},[67,83341,251],{"class":239},[67,83343,83344],{"class":243},"Banana",[67,83346,240],{"class":239},[67,83348,89],{"class":81},[67,83350,251],{"class":239},[67,83352,78725],{"class":243},[67,83354,240],{"class":239},[67,83356,100],{"class":81},[67,83358,83359,83361,83363,83365,83367,83369],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,83360,135],{"class":134},[67,83362,138],{"class":81},[67,83364,82621],{"class":134},[67,83366,138],{"class":81},[67,83368,4302],{"class":117},[67,83370,1426],{"class":81},[14,83372,83373],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83375,83376,83377,83379],{},"You can fix that with the ",[17,83378,15028],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[53,83381,36792,83382,36795],{"id":78683},[17,83383,15028],{},[14,83385,379,83386,83388],{},[17,83387,15028],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83390,83391],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1109,83393,83395],{"id":83394},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[58,83397,83399],{"className":60,"code":83398,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[17,83400,83401,83433],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83402,83403,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419,83421,83423,83425,83427,83429,83431],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83404,4261],{"class":73},[67,83406,78],{"class":77},[67,83408,82],{"class":81},[67,83410,240],{"class":239},[67,83412,37227],{"class":243},[67,83414,240],{"class":239},[67,83416,89],{"class":81},[67,83418,251],{"class":239},[67,83420,68493],{"class":243},[67,83422,240],{"class":239},[67,83424,89],{"class":81},[67,83426,251],{"class":239},[67,83428,58296],{"class":243},[67,83430,240],{"class":239},[67,83432,100],{"class":81},[67,83434,83435,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445,83447,83449,83451,83453],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,83436,135],{"class":134},[67,83438,138],{"class":81},[67,83440,82621],{"class":134},[67,83442,138],{"class":81},[67,83444,4302],{"class":117},[67,83446,89],{"class":81},[67,83448,21768],{"class":9362},[67,83450,78],{"class":77},[67,83452,1964],{"class":134},[67,83454,1426],{"class":81},[14,83456,159],{},[58,83458,83460],{"className":60,"code":83459,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"elephant\n",[17,83461,83462],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83463,83464],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83465,83459],{"class":73},[14,83467,20959,83468,83471],{},[17,83469,83470],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83473,83474,83475,33813,83477,114],{},"If you are new to ",[17,83476,1339],{},[45,83478,83479,5975],{"href":42538},[17,83480,1339],{},[1109,83482,83484],{"id":83483},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[58,83486,83488],{"className":60,"code":83487,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[17,83489,83490,83522],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83491,83492,83494,83496,83498,83500,83502,83504,83506,83508,83510,83512,83514,83516,83518,83520],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83493,4261],{"class":73},[67,83495,78],{"class":77},[67,83497,82],{"class":81},[67,83499,240],{"class":239},[67,83501,689],{"class":243},[67,83503,240],{"class":239},[67,83505,89],{"class":81},[67,83507,251],{"class":239},[67,83509,83344],{"class":243},[67,83511,240],{"class":239},[67,83513,89],{"class":81},[67,83515,251],{"class":239},[67,83517,78725],{"class":243},[67,83519,240],{"class":239},[67,83521,100],{"class":81},[67,83523,83524,83526,83528,83530,83532,83534,83536,83538,83540,83542,83544,83546],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,83525,135],{"class":134},[67,83527,138],{"class":81},[67,83529,82621],{"class":134},[67,83531,138],{"class":81},[67,83533,4302],{"class":117},[67,83535,89],{"class":81},[67,83537,21768],{"class":9362},[67,83539,78],{"class":77},[67,83541,1526],{"class":362},[67,83543,114],{"class":81},[67,83545,8827],{"class":24938},[67,83547,1426],{"class":81},[14,83549,159],{},[58,83551,83552],{"className":60,"code":82727,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,83553,83554],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83555,83556],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83557,82727],{"class":73},[14,83559,20959,83560,83562],{},[17,83561,78679],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1109,83564,83566],{"id":83565},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83568,83569,83570,1161],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[17,83571,37839],{},[58,83573,83575],{"className":60,"code":83574,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[17,83576,83577,83620],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83578,83579,83581,83583,83585,83587,83589,83591,83593,83595,83598,83600,83602,83604,83607,83609,83611,83613,83616,83618],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83580,1131],{"class":73},[67,83582,78],{"class":77},[67,83584,82],{"class":81},[67,83586,240],{"class":239},[67,83588,45],{"class":243},[67,83590,240],{"class":239},[67,83592,89],{"class":81},[67,83594,251],{"class":239},[67,83596,83597],{"class":243},"bb",[67,83599,240],{"class":239},[67,83601,89],{"class":81},[67,83603,251],{"class":239},[67,83605,83606],{"class":243},"cccc",[67,83608,240],{"class":239},[67,83610,89],{"class":81},[67,83612,251],{"class":239},[67,83614,83615],{"class":243},"ddd",[67,83617,240],{"class":239},[67,83619,100],{"class":81},[67,83621,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630,83632,83634,83636,83638,83640,83642,83644,83646,83648,83650],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,83623,135],{"class":134},[67,83625,138],{"class":81},[67,83627,82621],{"class":134},[67,83629,138],{"class":81},[67,83631,1141],{"class":117},[67,83633,89],{"class":81},[67,83635,21768],{"class":9362},[67,83637,78],{"class":77},[67,83639,37839],{"class":2254},[67,83641,43021],{"class":37842},[67,83643,1161],{"class":81},[67,83645,1400],{"class":134},[67,83647,138],{"class":81},[67,83649,34894],{"class":117},[67,83651,3102],{"class":81},[14,83653,159],{},[58,83655,83657],{"className":60,"code":83656,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"cccc\n",[17,83658,83659],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83660,83661],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83662,83656],{"class":73},[14,83664,49729,83665,961,83667,83669],{},[17,83666,83470],{},[17,83668,78566],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[53,83671,36792,83673,36795],{"id":83672},"using-the-default-argument",[17,83674,82917],{},[14,83676,379,83677,83679],{},[17,83678,82917],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83681,83682],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[58,83684,83686],{"className":60,"code":83685,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[17,83687,83688,83696],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83689,83690,83692,83694],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83691,74],{"class":73},[67,83693,78],{"class":77},[67,83695,1136],{"class":81},[67,83697,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,83699,135],{"class":134},[67,83701,138],{"class":81},[67,83703,82621],{"class":134},[67,83705,138],{"class":81},[67,83707,154],{"class":117},[67,83709,89],{"class":81},[67,83711,26711],{"class":9362},[67,83713,78],{"class":77},[67,83715,1031],{"class":85},[67,83717,1426],{"class":81},[14,83719,159],{},[58,83721,83722],{"className":60,"code":47430,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,83723,83724],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83725,83726],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83727,47430],{"class":85},[14,83729,83730],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83732,83733,83734,83736],{},"Without ",[17,83735,82917],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83738,52257],{},[58,83740,83742],{"className":60,"code":83741,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,83743,83744,83752,83779],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83745,83746,83748,83750],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83747,4261],{"class":73},[67,83749,78],{"class":77},[67,83751,1136],{"class":81},[67,83753,83754,83756,83758,83760,83762,83764,83766,83768,83770,83772,83775,83777],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,83755,2416],{"class":73},[67,83757,78],{"class":77},[67,83759,82968],{"class":134},[67,83761,138],{"class":81},[67,83763,4302],{"class":117},[67,83765,89],{"class":81},[67,83767,26711],{"class":9362},[67,83769,78],{"class":77},[67,83771,240],{"class":239},[67,83773,83774],{"class":243},"no words found",[67,83776,240],{"class":239},[67,83778,144],{"class":81},[67,83780,83781,83783,83785,83787],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,83782,135],{"class":134},[67,83784,138],{"class":81},[67,83786,2451],{"class":117},[67,83788,144],{"class":81},[14,83790,159],{},[58,83792,83794],{"className":60,"code":83793,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"no words found\n",[17,83795,83796],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83797,83798],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83799,83793],{"class":73},[14,83801,83802],{},"Important:",[25,83804,83805,83813],{},[28,83806,83807,83809,83810],{},[17,83808,82917],{}," works with ",[17,83811,83812],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[28,83814,41085,83815,83817,83818],{},[3934,83816,4820],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[17,83819,83820],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[53,83822,48165],{"id":48164},[14,83824,83825,83826,114],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[17,83827,82562],{},[1109,83829,83831,83833],{"id":83830},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[17,83832,40883],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83835,83836,83837,46086,83839,114],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[17,83838,82917],{},[17,83840,40883],{},[58,83842,83844],{"className":60,"code":83843,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[17,83845,83846,83854],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83847,83848,83850,83852],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83849,74],{"class":73},[67,83851,78],{"class":77},[67,83853,1136],{"class":81},[67,83855,83856,83858,83860,83862,83864,83866],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,83857,135],{"class":134},[67,83859,138],{"class":81},[67,83861,82621],{"class":134},[67,83863,138],{"class":81},[67,83865,154],{"class":117},[67,83867,1426],{"class":81},[14,83869,29868],{},[58,83871,83873],{"className":60,"code":83872,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[17,83874,83875],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83876,83877,83879,83881,83883,83885,83888,83890],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83878,40883],{"class":362},[67,83880,1161],{"class":81},[67,83882,82968],{"class":134},[67,83884,7557],{"class":81},[67,83886,83887],{"class":73}," arg ",[67,83889,12383],{"class":77},[67,83891,83892],{"class":73}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83894,83895,83896,1161],{},"Fix it by using ",[17,83897,82917],{},[58,83899,83901],{"className":60,"code":83900,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[17,83902,83903,83911],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83904,83905,83907,83909],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83906,74],{"class":73},[67,83908,78],{"class":77},[67,83910,1136],{"class":81},[67,83912,83913,83915,83917,83919,83921,83923,83925,83927,83929,83931],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,83914,135],{"class":134},[67,83916,138],{"class":81},[67,83918,82621],{"class":134},[67,83920,138],{"class":81},[67,83922,154],{"class":117},[67,83924,89],{"class":81},[67,83926,26711],{"class":9362},[67,83928,78],{"class":77},[67,83930,1103],{"class":4043},[67,83932,1426],{"class":81},[14,83934,83935,83936,114],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[45,83937,66007],{"href":72859},[1109,83939,83941,83943],{"id":83940},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[17,83942,1519],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,83945,83946,83947,114],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[17,83948,1519],{},[58,83950,83952],{"className":60,"code":83951,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[17,83953,83954,83978],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,83955,83956,83958,83960,83962,83964,83966,83968,83970,83972,83974,83976],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,83957,1131],{"class":73},[67,83959,78],{"class":77},[67,83961,82],{"class":81},[67,83963,86],{"class":85},[67,83965,89],{"class":81},[67,83967,251],{"class":239},[67,83969,1843],{"class":243},[67,83971,240],{"class":239},[67,83973,89],{"class":81},[67,83975,97],{"class":85},[67,83977,100],{"class":81},[67,83979,83980,83982,83984,83986,83988,83990],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,83981,135],{"class":134},[67,83983,138],{"class":81},[67,83985,82621],{"class":134},[67,83987,138],{"class":81},[67,83989,1141],{"class":117},[67,83991,1426],{"class":81},[14,83993,83994],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,83996,83997],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[58,83999,84001],{"className":60,"code":84000,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[17,84002,84003,84023],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,84004,84005,84007,84009,84011,84013,84015,84017,84019,84021],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,84006,1131],{"class":73},[67,84008,78],{"class":77},[67,84010,82],{"class":81},[67,84012,86],{"class":85},[67,84014,89],{"class":81},[67,84016,92],{"class":85},[67,84018,89],{"class":81},[67,84020,97],{"class":85},[67,84022,100],{"class":81},[67,84024,84025,84027,84029,84031,84033,84035],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,84026,135],{"class":134},[67,84028,138],{"class":81},[67,84030,82621],{"class":134},[67,84032,138],{"class":81},[67,84034,1141],{"class":117},[67,84036,1426],{"class":81},[14,84038,84039,84040,114],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[45,84041,84043],{"href":84042},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1109,84045,84047,84049],{"id":84046},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[17,84048,1519],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,84051,84052,84054],{},[17,84053,82562],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[58,84056,84058],{"className":60,"code":84057,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(max())\n",[17,84059,84060],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,84061,84062,84064,84066,84068],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,84063,135],{"class":134},[67,84065,138],{"class":81},[67,84067,82621],{"class":134},[67,84069,1239],{"class":81},[14,84071,3192,84072,114],{},[17,84073,1519],{},[53,84075,84077,10773,84079],{"id":84076},"max-vs-sorted",[17,84078,82562],{},[17,84080,74405],{},[14,84082,84083],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,84085,84086,1161],{},[17,84087,82562],{},[25,84089,84090],{},[28,84091,84092],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,84094,84095,1161],{},[17,84096,74405],{},[25,84098,84099],{},[28,84100,84101],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,84103,222],{},[58,84105,84107],{"className":60,"code":84106,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[17,84108,84109,84133,84137,84151],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,84110,84111,84113,84115,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,84112,74],{"class":73},[67,84114,78],{"class":77},[67,84116,82],{"class":81},[67,84118,2251],{"class":85},[67,84120,89],{"class":81},[67,84122,6552],{"class":85},[67,84124,89],{"class":81},[67,84126,3182],{"class":85},[67,84128,89],{"class":81},[67,84130,4794],{"class":85},[67,84132,100],{"class":81},[67,84134,84135],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,84136,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,84138,84139,84141,84143,84145,84147,84149],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,84140,135],{"class":134},[67,84142,138],{"class":81},[67,84144,82621],{"class":134},[67,84146,138],{"class":81},[67,84148,154],{"class":117},[67,84150,1426],{"class":81},[67,84152,84153,84155,84157,84159,84161,84163],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,84154,135],{"class":134},[67,84156,138],{"class":81},[67,84158,74495],{"class":134},[67,84160,138],{"class":81},[67,84162,154],{"class":117},[67,84164,1426],{"class":81},[14,84166,159],{},[58,84168,84170],{"className":60,"code":84169,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[17,84171,84172,84176],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,84173,84174],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,84175,2568],{"class":85},[67,84177,84178,84180,84182,84184,84186,84188,84190,84192,84194],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,84179,174],{"class":81},[67,84181,2245],{"class":85},[67,84183,89],{"class":81},[67,84185,2639],{"class":85},[67,84187,89],{"class":81},[67,84189,4794],{"class":85},[67,84191,89],{"class":81},[67,84193,6552],{"class":85},[67,84195,100],{"class":81},[14,84197,185,84198,84200],{},[17,84199,82562],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,84202,185,84203,84207],{},[45,84204,84205],{"href":74502},[17,84206,74405],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84209,84210,84211,114],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[45,84212,84214],{"href":84213},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[17,84215,84216],{},"min()",[53,84218,1907],{"id":1906},[14,84220,84221],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[25,84223,84224,84231,84234,84239,84242],{},[28,84225,29837,84226,84228,84229],{},[17,84227,82562],{}," on an empty list without ",[17,84230,82917],{},[28,84232,84233],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[28,84235,1930,84236,84238],{},[17,84237,82562],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[28,84240,84241],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[28,84243,8604,84244,84246],{},[17,84245,82917],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84248,11300],{},[58,84250,84252],{"className":60,"code":84251,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[17,84253,84254,84264,84278,84292,84306,84328],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,84255,84256,84258,84260,84262],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,84257,135],{"class":134},[67,84259,138],{"class":81},[67,84261,1141],{"class":117},[67,84263,144],{"class":81},[67,84265,84266,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,84267,135],{"class":134},[67,84269,138],{"class":81},[67,84271,2011],{"class":362},[67,84273,138],{"class":81},[67,84275,1141],{"class":117},[67,84277,1426],{"class":81},[67,84279,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288,84290],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,84281,135],{"class":134},[67,84283,138],{"class":81},[67,84285,1964],{"class":134},[67,84287,138],{"class":81},[67,84289,1141],{"class":117},[67,84291,1426],{"class":81},[67,84293,84294,84296,84298,84300,84302,84304],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,84295,135],{"class":134},[67,84297,138],{"class":81},[67,84299,82621],{"class":134},[67,84301,138],{"class":81},[67,84303,1141],{"class":117},[67,84305,1426],{"class":81},[67,84307,84308,84310,84312,84314,84316,84318,84320,84322,84324,84326],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,84309,135],{"class":134},[67,84311,138],{"class":81},[67,84313,82621],{"class":134},[67,84315,138],{"class":81},[67,84317,1141],{"class":117},[67,84319,89],{"class":81},[67,84321,26711],{"class":9362},[67,84323,78],{"class":77},[67,84325,1103],{"class":4043},[67,84327,1426],{"class":81},[67,84329,84330,84332,84334,84336,84338,84340,84342,84344,84346,84348,84350],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,84331,135],{"class":134},[67,84333,370],{"class":81},[67,84335,2011],{"class":362},[67,84337,138],{"class":81},[67,84339,2361],{"class":117},[67,84341,3849],{"class":81},[67,84343,4068],{"class":1167},[67,84345,4071],{"class":117},[67,84347,4074],{"class":1167},[67,84349,1220],{"class":117},[67,84351,376],{"class":81},[14,84353,84354],{},"These are useful for checking:",[25,84356,84357,84362,84367,84370],{},[28,84358,84359,84360],{},"What is actually inside ",[17,84361,1141],{},[28,84363,79732,84364,84366],{},[17,84365,1141],{}," is a list or some other type",[28,84368,84369],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[28,84371,84372],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84374,69512,84375,84378,84379,84381],{},[17,84376,84377],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[17,84380,1141],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[53,84383,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,84385,5331,84387,5334],{"id":84386},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[17,84388,82562],{},[14,84390,84391],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1109,84393,5359,84395,84397],{"id":84394},"can-max-work-with-strings",[17,84396,82562],{}," work with strings?",[14,84399,84400],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1109,84402,2084],{"id":2083},[14,84404,84405,52672,84407,84409,84410,84412],{},[17,84406,82562],{},[17,84408,40883],{}," unless you use the ",[17,84411,82917],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1109,84414,84416,84417,2681],{"id":84415},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[17,84418,82562],{},[14,84420,185,84421,1161],{},[17,84422,83470],{},[58,84424,84425],{"className":60,"code":83398,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,84426,84427,84459],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,84428,84429,84431,84433,84435,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445,84447,84449,84451,84453,84455,84457],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,84430,4261],{"class":73},[67,84432,78],{"class":77},[67,84434,82],{"class":81},[67,84436,240],{"class":239},[67,84438,37227],{"class":243},[67,84440,240],{"class":239},[67,84442,89],{"class":81},[67,84444,251],{"class":239},[67,84446,68493],{"class":243},[67,84448,240],{"class":239},[67,84450,89],{"class":81},[67,84452,251],{"class":239},[67,84454,58296],{"class":243},[67,84456,240],{"class":239},[67,84458,100],{"class":81},[67,84460,84461,84463,84465,84467,84469,84471,84473,84475,84477,84479],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,84462,135],{"class":134},[67,84464,138],{"class":81},[67,84466,82621],{"class":134},[67,84468,138],{"class":81},[67,84470,4302],{"class":117},[67,84472,89],{"class":81},[67,84474,21768],{"class":9362},[67,84476,78],{"class":77},[67,84478,1964],{"class":134},[67,84480,1426],{"class":81},[1109,84482,5369,84484,961,84486,2681],{"id":84483},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[17,84485,82562],{},[17,84487,74405],{},[14,84489,84490,84492,84493,84495],{},[17,84491,82562],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":84534},[84535,84536,84538,84539,84541,84543,84545,84550,84552,84560,84562,84563,84574],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":82752,"depth":103,"text":84537},"What max() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":82921,"depth":103,"text":84540},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83091,"depth":103,"text":84542},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83226,"depth":103,"text":84544},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78683,"depth":103,"text":79881,"children":84546},[84547,84548,84549],{"id":83394,"depth":124,"text":83395},{"id":83483,"depth":124,"text":83484},{"id":83565,"depth":124,"text":83566},{"id":83672,"depth":103,"text":84551},"Using the default argument",{"id":48164,"depth":103,"text":48165,"children":84553},[84554,84556,84558],{"id":83830,"depth":124,"text":84555},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83940,"depth":124,"text":84557},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84046,"depth":124,"text":84559},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84076,"depth":103,"text":84561},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":84564},[84565,84567,84569,84570,84572],{"id":84386,"depth":124,"text":84566},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84394,"depth":124,"text":84568},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":2083,"depth":124,"text":2084},{"id":84415,"depth":124,"text":84571},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84483,"depth":124,"text":84573},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82554,"description":84575},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84582,"title":84583,"body":84584,"description":86538,"extension":2153,"meta":86539,"navigation":127,"path":86540,"seo":86541,"stem":86542,"__hash__":86543},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84585,"toc":86495},[84586,84591,84596,84602,84604,84678,84680,84693,84698,84703,84719,84723,84728,84804,84810,84813,84856,84858,84866,84872,84875,84906,84908,84916,84922,84927,84986,84988,84997,85000,85010,85016,85021,85056,85058,85066,85072,85078,85083,85127,85129,85138,85141,85181,85183,85192,85195,85207,85212,85217,85268,85270,85279,85282,85333,85335,85344,85347,85354,85360,85365,85367,85382,85386,85446,85448,85457,85461,85633,85635,85672,85679,85685,85688,85715,85717,85738,85743,85778,85780,85788,85791,85794,85810,85815,85817,85821,85827,85831,85858,85861,85871,85911,85915,85918,85961,85963,85972,85975,85980,86049,86051,86059,86064,86068,86071,86122,86124,86132,86135,86198,86200,86208,86211,86216,86220,86233,86240,86248,86250,86252,86282,86288,86389,86399,86401,86406,86409,86414,86417,86419,86427,86435,86443,86450,86458,86460,86492],[10,84587,3764,84589,3768],{"id":84588},"python-min-function-explained",[17,84590,84216],{},[14,84592,84593,84595],{},[17,84594,84216],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84597,84598,84599,84601],{},"This page explains what ",[17,84600,84216],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[53,84603,56],{"id":55},[58,84605,84607],{"className":60,"code":84606,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[17,84608,84609,84633,84648,84652],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,84610,84611,84613,84615,84617,84619,84621,84623,84625,84627,84629,84631],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,84612,74],{"class":73},[67,84614,78],{"class":77},[67,84616,82],{"class":81},[67,84618,1308],{"class":85},[67,84620,89],{"class":81},[67,84622,3182],{"class":85},[67,84624,89],{"class":81},[67,84626,54311],{"class":85},[67,84628,89],{"class":81},[67,84630,5689],{"class":85},[67,84632,100],{"class":81},[67,84634,84635,84637,84639,84642,84644,84646],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,84636,135],{"class":134},[67,84638,138],{"class":81},[67,84640,84641],{"class":134},"min",[67,84643,138],{"class":81},[67,84645,154],{"class":117},[67,84647,1426],{"class":81},[67,84649,84650],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,84651,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,84653,84654,84656,84658,84660,84662,84664,84666,84668,84670,84672,84674,84676],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,84655,135],{"class":134},[67,84657,138],{"class":81},[67,84659,84641],{"class":134},[67,84661,138],{"class":81},[67,84663,1308],{"class":85},[67,84665,89],{"class":81},[67,84667,3182],{"class":85},[67,84669,89],{"class":81},[67,84671,54311],{"class":85},[67,84673,89],{"class":81},[67,84675,5689],{"class":85},[67,84677,1426],{"class":81},[14,84679,159],{},[58,84681,84683],{"className":60,"code":84682,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"1\n1\n",[17,84684,84685,84689],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,84686,84687],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,84688,47095],{"class":85},[67,84690,84691],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,84692,47095],{"class":85},[14,84694,185,84695,84697],{},[17,84696,84216],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[53,84699,3867,84701,3870],{"id":84700},"what-min-does",[17,84702,84216],{},[25,84704,84705,84710,84713,84716],{},[28,84706,84707,84709],{},[17,84708,84216],{}," returns the smallest item",[28,84711,84712],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[28,84714,84715],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[28,84717,84718],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[53,84720,84722],{"id":84721},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84724,84725,84726,1161],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[17,84727,84216],{},[58,84729,84731],{"className":60,"code":84730,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[17,84732,84733,84743,84768,84786],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,84734,84735,84737,84739,84741],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,84736,84641],{"class":134},[67,84738,138],{"class":81},[67,84740,3911],{"class":117},[67,84742,144],{"class":81},[67,84744,84745,84747,84749,84752,84754,84757,84759,84762,84764,84766],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,84746,84641],{"class":134},[67,84748,138],{"class":81},[67,84750,84751],{"class":117},"value1",[67,84753,89],{"class":81},[67,84755,84756],{"class":117}," value2",[67,84758,89],{"class":81},[67,84760,84761],{"class":117}," value3",[67,84763,89],{"class":81},[67,84765,34639],{"class":134},[67,84767,144],{"class":81},[67,84769,84770,84772,84774,84776,84778,84780,84782,84784],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,84771,84641],{"class":134},[67,84773,138],{"class":81},[67,84775,3911],{"class":117},[67,84777,89],{"class":81},[67,84779,21768],{"class":9362},[67,84781,78],{"class":77},[67,84783,37550],{"class":134},[67,84785,144],{"class":81},[67,84787,84788,84790,84792,84794,84796,84798,84800,84802],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,84789,84641],{"class":134},[67,84791,138],{"class":81},[67,84793,3911],{"class":117},[67,84795,89],{"class":81},[67,84797,26711],{"class":9362},[67,84799,78],{"class":77},[67,84801,37550],{"class":134},[67,84803,144],{"class":81},[1109,84805,84807],{"id":84806},"miniterable",[17,84808,84809],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84811,84812],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[58,84814,84816],{"className":60,"code":84815,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[17,84817,84818,84842],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,84819,84820,84822,84824,84826,84828,84830,84832,84834,84836,84838,84840],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,84821,74],{"class":73},[67,84823,78],{"class":77},[67,84825,82],{"class":81},[67,84827,2532],{"class":85},[67,84829,89],{"class":81},[67,84831,2639],{"class":85},[67,84833,89],{"class":81},[67,84835,31127],{"class":85},[67,84837,89],{"class":81},[67,84839,5689],{"class":85},[67,84841,100],{"class":81},[67,84843,84844,84846,84848,84850,84852,84854],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,84845,135],{"class":134},[67,84847,138],{"class":81},[67,84849,84641],{"class":134},[67,84851,138],{"class":81},[67,84853,154],{"class":117},[67,84855,1426],{"class":81},[14,84857,159],{},[58,84859,84860],{"className":60,"code":47095,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,84861,84862],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,84863,84864],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,84865,47095],{"class":85},[1109,84867,84869],{"id":84868},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[17,84870,84871],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84873,84874],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[58,84876,84878],{"className":60,"code":84877,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[17,84879,84880],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,84881,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890,84892,84894,84896,84898,84900,84902,84904],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,84883,135],{"class":134},[67,84885,138],{"class":81},[67,84887,84641],{"class":134},[67,84889,138],{"class":81},[67,84891,2532],{"class":85},[67,84893,89],{"class":81},[67,84895,2639],{"class":85},[67,84897,89],{"class":81},[67,84899,31127],{"class":85},[67,84901,89],{"class":81},[67,84903,5689],{"class":85},[67,84905,1426],{"class":81},[14,84907,159],{},[58,84909,84910],{"className":60,"code":47095,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,84911,84912],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,84913,84914],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,84915,47095],{"class":85},[1109,84917,84919],{"id":84918},"miniterable-key",[17,84920,84921],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,84923,185,84924,84926],{},[17,84925,15028],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[58,84928,84930],{"className":60,"code":84929,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[17,84931,84932,84964],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,84933,84934,84936,84938,84940,84942,84944,84946,84948,84950,84952,84954,84956,84958,84960,84962],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,84935,4261],{"class":73},[67,84937,78],{"class":77},[67,84939,82],{"class":81},[67,84941,240],{"class":239},[67,84943,78725],{"class":243},[67,84945,240],{"class":239},[67,84947,89],{"class":81},[67,84949,251],{"class":239},[67,84951,38521],{"class":243},[67,84953,240],{"class":239},[67,84955,89],{"class":81},[67,84957,251],{"class":239},[67,84959,698],{"class":243},[67,84961,240],{"class":239},[67,84963,100],{"class":81},[67,84965,84966,84968,84970,84972,84974,84976,84978,84980,84982,84984],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,84967,135],{"class":134},[67,84969,138],{"class":81},[67,84971,84641],{"class":134},[67,84973,138],{"class":81},[67,84975,4302],{"class":117},[67,84977,89],{"class":81},[67,84979,21768],{"class":9362},[67,84981,78],{"class":77},[67,84983,1964],{"class":134},[67,84985,1426],{"class":81},[14,84987,159],{},[58,84989,84991],{"className":60,"code":84990,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"kiwi\n",[17,84992,84993],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,84994,84995],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,84996,84990],{"class":73},[14,84998,84999],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,85001,85002,85003,85005,85006,114],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[17,85004,1339],{},", see the ",[45,85007,85008,3697],{"href":42538},[17,85009,1339],{},[1109,85011,85013],{"id":85012},"miniterable-default",[17,85014,85015],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,85017,185,85018,85020],{},[17,85019,82917],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[58,85022,85024],{"className":60,"code":85023,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[17,85025,85026,85034],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85027,85028,85030,85032],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85029,74],{"class":73},[67,85031,78],{"class":77},[67,85033,1136],{"class":81},[67,85035,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,85037,135],{"class":134},[67,85039,138],{"class":81},[67,85041,84641],{"class":134},[67,85043,138],{"class":81},[67,85045,154],{"class":117},[67,85047,89],{"class":81},[67,85049,26711],{"class":9362},[67,85051,78],{"class":77},[67,85053,1031],{"class":85},[67,85055,1426],{"class":81},[14,85057,159],{},[58,85059,85060],{"className":60,"code":47430,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,85061,85062],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85063,85064],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85065,47430],{"class":85},[14,85067,85068,85069,85071],{},"This avoids a ",[17,85070,40883],{}," when there is no item to return.",[53,85073,8604,85075,85077],{"id":85074},"using-min-with-numbers",[17,85076,84216],{}," with numbers",[14,85079,85080,85082],{},[17,85081,84216],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[58,85084,85086],{"className":60,"code":85085,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[17,85087,85088,85113],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85089,85090,85092,85094,85096,85098,85100,85103,85105,85107,85109,85111],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85091,5252],{"class":73},[67,85093,78],{"class":77},[67,85095,82],{"class":81},[67,85097,51682],{"class":85},[67,85099,89],{"class":81},[67,85101,85102],{"class":85}," 72",[67,85104,89],{"class":81},[67,85106,29093],{"class":85},[67,85108,89],{"class":81},[67,85110,76081],{"class":85},[67,85112,100],{"class":81},[67,85114,85115,85117,85119,85121,85123,85125],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,85116,135],{"class":134},[67,85118,138],{"class":81},[67,85120,84641],{"class":134},[67,85122,138],{"class":81},[67,85124,16576],{"class":117},[67,85126,1426],{"class":81},[14,85128,159],{},[58,85130,85132],{"className":60,"code":85131,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"60\n",[17,85133,85134],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85135,85136],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85137,85131],{"class":85},[14,85139,85140],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[58,85142,85144],{"className":60,"code":85143,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[17,85145,85146,85167],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85147,85148,85150,85152,85154,85156,85158,85161,85163,85165],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85149,83029],{"class":73},[67,85151,78],{"class":77},[67,85153,82],{"class":81},[67,85155,40577],{"class":85},[67,85157,89],{"class":81},[67,85159,85160],{"class":85}," 5.49",[67,85162,89],{"class":81},[67,85164,83045],{"class":85},[67,85166,100],{"class":81},[67,85168,85169,85171,85173,85175,85177,85179],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,85170,135],{"class":134},[67,85172,138],{"class":81},[67,85174,84641],{"class":134},[67,85176,138],{"class":81},[67,85178,83065],{"class":117},[67,85180,1426],{"class":81},[14,85182,159],{},[58,85184,85186],{"className":60,"code":85185,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"5.49\n",[17,85187,85188],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85189,85190],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85191,85185],{"class":85},[14,85193,85194],{},"This is useful for things like:",[25,85196,85197,85199,85201,85204],{},[28,85198,16576],{},[28,85200,83065],{},[28,85202,85203],{},"measurements",[28,85205,85206],{},"ages",[53,85208,8604,85210,47237],{"id":85209},"using-min-with-strings",[17,85211,84216],{},[14,85213,85214,85216],{},[17,85215,84216],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[58,85218,85220],{"className":60,"code":85219,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[17,85221,85222,85254],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85223,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238,85240,85242,85244,85246,85248,85250,85252],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85225,4261],{"class":73},[67,85227,78],{"class":77},[67,85229,82],{"class":81},[67,85231,240],{"class":239},[67,85233,698],{"class":243},[67,85235,240],{"class":239},[67,85237,89],{"class":81},[67,85239,251],{"class":239},[67,85241,689],{"class":243},[67,85243,240],{"class":239},[67,85245,89],{"class":81},[67,85247,251],{"class":239},[67,85249,707],{"class":243},[67,85251,240],{"class":239},[67,85253,100],{"class":81},[67,85255,85256,85258,85260,85262,85264,85266],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,85257,135],{"class":134},[67,85259,138],{"class":81},[67,85261,84641],{"class":134},[67,85263,138],{"class":81},[67,85265,4302],{"class":117},[67,85267,1426],{"class":81},[14,85269,159],{},[58,85271,85273],{"className":60,"code":85272,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"apple\n",[17,85274,85275],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85276,85277],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85278,85272],{"class":73},[14,85280,85281],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[58,85283,85285],{"className":60,"code":85284,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[17,85286,85287,85319],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85288,85289,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85290,4261],{"class":73},[67,85292,78],{"class":77},[67,85294,82],{"class":81},[67,85296,240],{"class":239},[67,85298,698],{"class":243},[67,85300,240],{"class":239},[67,85302,89],{"class":81},[67,85304,251],{"class":239},[67,85306,57937],{"class":243},[67,85308,240],{"class":239},[67,85310,89],{"class":81},[67,85312,251],{"class":239},[67,85314,707],{"class":243},[67,85316,240],{"class":239},[67,85318,100],{"class":81},[67,85320,85321,85323,85325,85327,85329,85331],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,85322,135],{"class":134},[67,85324,138],{"class":81},[67,85326,84641],{"class":134},[67,85328,138],{"class":81},[67,85330,4302],{"class":117},[67,85332,1426],{"class":81},[14,85334,159],{},[58,85336,85338],{"className":60,"code":85337,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Apple\n",[17,85339,85340],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85341,85342],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85343,85337],{"class":73},[14,85345,85346],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85348,85349,85350,114],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[45,85351,85352,5975],{"href":74502},[17,85353,74405],{},[53,85355,8604,85357,85359],{"id":85356},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[17,85358,84216],{}," with a key function",[14,85361,379,85362,85364],{},[17,85363,15028],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85366,11646],{},[25,85368,85369,85374,85379],{},[28,85370,85371,85373],{},[17,85372,15028],{}," changes the comparison rule",[28,85375,85376,85378],{},[17,85377,84216],{}," still returns the original item",[28,85380,85381],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1109,85383,85385],{"id":85384},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[58,85387,85389],{"className":60,"code":85388,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[17,85390,85391,85424],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85392,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409,85411,85413,85415,85417,85420,85422],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85394,4261],{"class":73},[67,85396,78],{"class":77},[67,85398,82],{"class":81},[67,85400,240],{"class":239},[67,85402,68493],{"class":243},[67,85404,240],{"class":239},[67,85406,89],{"class":81},[67,85408,251],{"class":239},[67,85410,37227],{"class":243},[67,85412,240],{"class":239},[67,85414,89],{"class":81},[67,85416,251],{"class":239},[67,85418,85419],{"class":243},"giraffe",[67,85421,240],{"class":239},[67,85423,100],{"class":81},[67,85425,85426,85428,85430,85432,85434,85436,85438,85440,85442,85444],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,85427,135],{"class":134},[67,85429,138],{"class":81},[67,85431,84641],{"class":134},[67,85433,138],{"class":81},[67,85435,4302],{"class":117},[67,85437,89],{"class":81},[67,85439,21768],{"class":9362},[67,85441,78],{"class":77},[67,85443,1964],{"class":134},[67,85445,1426],{"class":81},[14,85447,159],{},[58,85449,85451],{"className":60,"code":85450,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"cat\n",[17,85452,85453],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85454,85455],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85456,85450],{"class":73},[1109,85458,85460],{"id":85459},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[58,85462,85464],{"className":60,"code":85463,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[17,85465,85466,85476,85511,85543,85575,85579,85583,85622],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85467,85468,85471,85473],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85469,85470],{"class":73},"students ",[67,85472,78],{"class":77},[67,85474,85475],{"class":81}," [\n",[67,85477,85478,85481,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85502,85504,85506,85508],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,85479,85480],{"class":81},"    {",[67,85482,240],{"class":239},[67,85484,7860],{"class":243},[67,85486,240],{"class":239},[67,85488,1161],{"class":81},[67,85490,251],{"class":239},[67,85492,986],{"class":243},[67,85494,240],{"class":239},[67,85496,89],{"class":81},[67,85498,251],{"class":239},[67,85500,85501],{"class":243},"score",[67,85503,240],{"class":239},[67,85505,1161],{"class":81},[67,85507,13693],{"class":85},[67,85509,85510],{"class":81},"},\n",[67,85512,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85527,85529,85531,85533,85535,85537,85539,85541],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,85514,85480],{"class":81},[67,85516,240],{"class":239},[67,85518,7860],{"class":243},[67,85520,240],{"class":239},[67,85522,1161],{"class":81},[67,85524,251],{"class":239},[67,85526,995],{"class":243},[67,85528,240],{"class":239},[67,85530,89],{"class":81},[67,85532,251],{"class":239},[67,85534,85501],{"class":243},[67,85536,240],{"class":239},[67,85538,1161],{"class":81},[67,85540,85102],{"class":85},[67,85542,85510],{"class":81},[67,85544,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563,85565,85567,85569,85571,85573],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,85546,85480],{"class":81},[67,85548,240],{"class":239},[67,85550,7860],{"class":243},[67,85552,240],{"class":239},[67,85554,1161],{"class":81},[67,85556,251],{"class":239},[67,85558,1004],{"class":243},[67,85560,240],{"class":239},[67,85562,89],{"class":81},[67,85564,251],{"class":239},[67,85566,85501],{"class":243},[67,85568,240],{"class":239},[67,85570,1161],{"class":81},[67,85572,20086],{"class":85},[67,85574,9496],{"class":81},[67,85576,85577],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,85578,100],{"class":81},[67,85580,85581],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,85582,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,85584,85585,85588,85590,85593,85595,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,85586,85587],{"class":73},"lowest ",[67,85589,78],{"class":77},[67,85591,85592],{"class":134}," min",[67,85594,138],{"class":81},[67,85596,85597],{"class":117},"students",[67,85599,89],{"class":81},[67,85601,21768],{"class":9362},[67,85603,78],{"class":77},[67,85605,37839],{"class":2254},[67,85607,13095],{"class":37842},[67,85609,1161],{"class":81},[67,85611,13095],{"class":117},[67,85613,174],{"class":81},[67,85615,240],{"class":239},[67,85617,85501],{"class":243},[67,85619,240],{"class":239},[67,85621,376],{"class":81},[67,85623,85624,85626,85628,85631],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,85625,135],{"class":134},[67,85627,138],{"class":81},[67,85629,85630],{"class":117},"lowest",[67,85632,144],{"class":81},[14,85634,159],{},[58,85636,85638],{"className":60,"code":85637,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[17,85639,85640],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85641,85642,85644,85646,85648,85650,85652,85654,85656,85658,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668,85670],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85643,9465],{"class":81},[67,85645,333],{"class":239},[67,85647,7860],{"class":243},[67,85649,333],{"class":239},[67,85651,1161],{"class":81},[67,85653,342],{"class":239},[67,85655,995],{"class":243},[67,85657,333],{"class":239},[67,85659,89],{"class":81},[67,85661,342],{"class":239},[67,85663,85501],{"class":243},[67,85665,333],{"class":239},[67,85667,1161],{"class":81},[67,85669,85102],{"class":85},[67,85671,9496],{"class":81},[14,85673,85674,85675,85678],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[17,85676,85677],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[53,85680,8604,85682,85684],{"id":85681},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[17,85683,82917],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85686,85687],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[58,85689,85691],{"className":60,"code":85690,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[17,85692,85693,85701],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85694,85695,85697,85699],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85696,74],{"class":73},[67,85698,78],{"class":77},[67,85700,1136],{"class":81},[67,85702,85703,85705,85707,85709,85711,85713],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,85704,135],{"class":134},[67,85706,138],{"class":81},[67,85708,84641],{"class":134},[67,85710,138],{"class":81},[67,85712,154],{"class":117},[67,85714,1426],{"class":81},[14,85716,159],{},[58,85718,85720],{"className":60,"code":85719,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[17,85721,85722],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85723,85724,85726,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85725,40883],{"class":362},[67,85727,1161],{"class":81},[67,85729,85592],{"class":134},[67,85731,7557],{"class":81},[67,85733,83887],{"class":73},[67,85735,12383],{"class":77},[67,85737,83892],{"class":73},[14,85739,85740,85741,1161],{},"To avoid that, use ",[17,85742,82917],{},[58,85744,85746],{"className":60,"code":85745,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[17,85747,85748,85756],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85749,85750,85752,85754],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85751,74],{"class":73},[67,85753,78],{"class":77},[67,85755,1136],{"class":81},[67,85757,85758,85760,85762,85764,85766,85768,85770,85772,85774,85776],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,85759,135],{"class":134},[67,85761,138],{"class":81},[67,85763,84641],{"class":134},[67,85765,138],{"class":81},[67,85767,154],{"class":117},[67,85769,89],{"class":81},[67,85771,26711],{"class":9362},[67,85773,78],{"class":77},[67,85775,1103],{"class":4043},[67,85777,1426],{"class":81},[14,85779,159],{},[58,85781,85782],{"className":60,"code":11997,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,85783,85784],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85785,85786],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85787,11997],{"class":4043},[14,85789,85790],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85792,85793],{},"Remember:",[25,85795,85796,85804],{},[28,85797,85798,85800,85801,85803],{},[17,85799,82917],{}," works only when ",[17,85802,84216],{}," gets one iterable argument",[28,85805,85806,85807],{},"It does not work with ",[17,85808,85809],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85811,85812,85813,114],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[45,85814,66007],{"href":72859},[53,85816,10931],{"id":10930},[14,85818,56944,85819,114],{},[17,85820,84216],{},[1109,85822,85824,85825],{"id":85823},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[17,85826,82917],{},[14,85828,3192,85829,1161],{},[17,85830,40883],{},[58,85832,85834],{"className":60,"code":85833,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[17,85835,85836,85844],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85837,85838,85840,85842],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85839,1131],{"class":73},[67,85841,78],{"class":77},[67,85843,1136],{"class":81},[67,85845,85846,85848,85850,85852,85854,85856],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,85847,135],{"class":134},[67,85849,138],{"class":81},[67,85851,84641],{"class":134},[67,85853,138],{"class":81},[67,85855,1141],{"class":117},[67,85857,1426],{"class":81},[14,85859,85860],{},"Fix it by:",[25,85862,85863,85866],{},[28,85864,85865],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[28,85867,85868,85869],{},"or using ",[17,85870,82917],{},[58,85872,85874],{"className":60,"code":85873,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[17,85875,85876,85884],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85877,85878,85880,85882],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85879,1131],{"class":73},[67,85881,78],{"class":77},[67,85883,1136],{"class":81},[67,85885,85886,85888,85890,85892,85894,85896,85898,85900,85902,85904,85907,85909],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,85887,135],{"class":134},[67,85889,138],{"class":81},[67,85891,84641],{"class":134},[67,85893,138],{"class":81},[67,85895,1141],{"class":117},[67,85897,89],{"class":81},[67,85899,26711],{"class":9362},[67,85901,78],{"class":77},[67,85903,240],{"class":239},[67,85905,85906],{"class":243},"no items",[67,85908,240],{"class":239},[67,85910,1426],{"class":81},[1109,85912,85914],{"id":85913},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,85916,85917],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[58,85919,85921],{"className":60,"code":85920,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[17,85922,85923,85947],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85924,85925,85927,85929,85931,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85926,9352],{"class":73},[67,85928,78],{"class":77},[67,85930,82],{"class":81},[67,85932,86],{"class":85},[67,85934,89],{"class":81},[67,85936,251],{"class":239},[67,85938,1843],{"class":243},[67,85940,240],{"class":239},[67,85942,89],{"class":81},[67,85944,4794],{"class":85},[67,85946,100],{"class":81},[67,85948,85949,85951,85953,85955,85957,85959],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,85950,135],{"class":134},[67,85952,138],{"class":81},[67,85954,84641],{"class":134},[67,85956,138],{"class":81},[67,85958,9391],{"class":117},[67,85960,1426],{"class":81},[14,85962,159],{},[58,85964,85966],{"className":60,"code":85965,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"TypeError\n",[17,85967,85968],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85969,85970],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85971,85965],{"class":362},[14,85973,85974],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,85976,85977,85978,114],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[17,85979,84216],{},[58,85981,85983],{"className":60,"code":85982,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[17,85984,85985,86009,86035],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,85986,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997,85999,86001,86003,86005,86007],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,85988,9352],{"class":73},[67,85990,78],{"class":77},[67,85992,82],{"class":81},[67,85994,86],{"class":85},[67,85996,89],{"class":81},[67,85998,251],{"class":239},[67,86000,1843],{"class":243},[67,86002,240],{"class":239},[67,86004,89],{"class":81},[67,86006,4794],{"class":85},[67,86008,100],{"class":81},[67,86010,86011,86013,86015,86017,86019,86021,86023,86025,86027,86029,86031,86033],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,86012,74],{"class":73},[67,86014,78],{"class":77},[67,86016,82],{"class":81},[67,86018,2376],{"class":362},[67,86020,138],{"class":81},[67,86022,2361],{"class":117},[67,86024,3849],{"class":81},[67,86026,4068],{"class":1167},[67,86028,4071],{"class":73},[67,86030,4074],{"class":1167},[67,86032,14753],{"class":73},[67,86034,100],{"class":81},[67,86036,86037,86039,86041,86043,86045,86047],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,86038,135],{"class":134},[67,86040,138],{"class":81},[67,86042,84641],{"class":134},[67,86044,138],{"class":81},[67,86046,154],{"class":117},[67,86048,1426],{"class":81},[14,86050,159],{},[58,86052,86053],{"className":60,"code":3137,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,86054,86055],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,86056,86057],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,86058,3137],{"class":85},[14,86060,86061,86062,114],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[17,86063,1519],{},[1109,86065,86067],{"id":86066},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,86069,86070],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[58,86072,86074],{"className":60,"code":86073,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[17,86075,86076,86108],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,86077,86078,86080,86082,86084,86086,86088,86090,86092,86094,86096,86098,86100,86102,86104,86106],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,86079,4261],{"class":73},[67,86081,78],{"class":77},[67,86083,82],{"class":81},[67,86085,240],{"class":239},[67,86087,79541],{"class":243},[67,86089,240],{"class":239},[67,86091,89],{"class":81},[67,86093,251],{"class":239},[67,86095,57937],{"class":243},[67,86097,240],{"class":239},[67,86099,89],{"class":81},[67,86101,251],{"class":239},[67,86103,79558],{"class":243},[67,86105,240],{"class":239},[67,86107,100],{"class":81},[67,86109,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,86111,135],{"class":134},[67,86113,138],{"class":81},[67,86115,84641],{"class":134},[67,86117,138],{"class":81},[67,86119,4302],{"class":117},[67,86121,1426],{"class":81},[14,86123,159],{},[58,86125,86126],{"className":60,"code":85337,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,86127,86128],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,86129,86130],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,86131,85337],{"class":73},[14,86133,86134],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[58,86136,86138],{"className":60,"code":86137,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[17,86139,86140,86172],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,86141,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150,86152,86154,86156,86158,86160,86162,86164,86166,86168,86170],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,86143,4261],{"class":73},[67,86145,78],{"class":77},[67,86147,82],{"class":81},[67,86149,240],{"class":239},[67,86151,79541],{"class":243},[67,86153,240],{"class":239},[67,86155,89],{"class":81},[67,86157,251],{"class":239},[67,86159,57937],{"class":243},[67,86161,240],{"class":239},[67,86163,89],{"class":81},[67,86165,251],{"class":239},[67,86167,79558],{"class":243},[67,86169,240],{"class":239},[67,86171,100],{"class":81},[67,86173,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,86175,135],{"class":134},[67,86177,138],{"class":81},[67,86179,84641],{"class":134},[67,86181,138],{"class":81},[67,86183,4302],{"class":117},[67,86185,89],{"class":81},[67,86187,21768],{"class":9362},[67,86189,78],{"class":77},[67,86191,1526],{"class":362},[67,86193,114],{"class":81},[67,86195,8827],{"class":24938},[67,86197,1426],{"class":81},[14,86199,159],{},[58,86201,86202],{"className":60,"code":85337,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,86203,86204],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,86205,86206],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,86207,85337],{"class":73},[14,86209,86210],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[53,86212,5151,86214],{"id":86213},"when-to-use-min",[17,86215,84216],{},[14,86217,185,86218,1671],{},[17,86219,84216],{},[25,86221,86222,86225,86230],{},[28,86223,86224],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[28,86226,86227,86228],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[17,86229,15028],{},[28,86231,86232],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86234,185,86235,86239],{},[45,86236,86237],{"href":74502},[17,86238,74405],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86241,185,86242,86247],{},[45,86243,86245],{"href":86244},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[17,86246,82562],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[53,86249,1907],{"id":1906},[14,86251,84221],{},[25,86253,86254,86262,86265,86270,86277],{},[28,86255,86256,86257,86259,86260],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[17,86258,84216],{}," without using ",[17,86261,82917],{},[28,86263,86264],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[28,86266,1930,86267,86269],{},[17,86268,84216],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[28,86271,4894,86272,86274,86275,85378],{},[17,86273,15028],{}," affects comparison but ",[17,86276,84216],{},[28,86278,8604,86279,86281],{},[17,86280,82917],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86283,86284,86285,86287],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[17,86286,84216],{},", these quick checks can help:",[58,86289,86291],{"className":60,"code":86290,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[17,86292,86293,86307,86317,86331,86345,86367],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,86294,86295,86297,86299,86301,86303,86305],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,86296,135],{"class":134},[67,86298,138],{"class":81},[67,86300,2011],{"class":362},[67,86302,138],{"class":81},[67,86304,9391],{"class":117},[67,86306,1426],{"class":81},[67,86308,86309,86311,86313,86315],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,86310,135],{"class":134},[67,86312,138],{"class":81},[67,86314,9391],{"class":117},[67,86316,144],{"class":81},[67,86318,86319,86321,86323,86325,86327,86329],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,86320,135],{"class":134},[67,86322,138],{"class":81},[67,86324,1964],{"class":134},[67,86326,138],{"class":81},[67,86328,9391],{"class":117},[67,86330,1426],{"class":81},[67,86332,86333,86335,86337,86339,86341,86343],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,86334,135],{"class":134},[67,86336,138],{"class":81},[67,86338,84641],{"class":134},[67,86340,138],{"class":81},[67,86342,9391],{"class":117},[67,86344,1426],{"class":81},[67,86346,86347,86349,86351,86353,86355,86357,86359,86361,86363,86365],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,86348,135],{"class":134},[67,86350,138],{"class":81},[67,86352,84641],{"class":134},[67,86354,138],{"class":81},[67,86356,9391],{"class":117},[67,86358,89],{"class":81},[67,86360,26711],{"class":9362},[67,86362,78],{"class":77},[67,86364,1103],{"class":4043},[67,86366,1426],{"class":81},[67,86368,86369,86371,86373,86375,86377,86379,86381,86383,86385,86387],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,86370,135],{"class":134},[67,86372,138],{"class":81},[67,86374,84641],{"class":134},[67,86376,138],{"class":81},[67,86378,4302],{"class":117},[67,86380,89],{"class":81},[67,86382,21768],{"class":9362},[67,86384,78],{"class":77},[67,86386,1964],{"class":134},[67,86388,1426],{"class":81},[14,86390,86391,86392,86395,86396,86398],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[17,86393,86394],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[17,86397,9391],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[53,86400,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,86402,5331,86404,5334],{"id":86403},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[17,86405,84216],{},[14,86407,86408],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1109,86410,5359,86412,84397],{"id":86411},"can-min-work-with-strings",[17,86413,84216],{},[14,86415,86416],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1109,86418,2084],{"id":2083},[14,86420,86421,52672,86423,84409,86425,36801],{},[17,86422,84216],{},[17,86424,40883],{},[17,86426,82917],{},[1109,86428,5331,86430,86432,86433,2681],{"id":86429},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[17,86431,15028],{}," do in ",[17,86434,84216],{},[14,86436,86437,86439,86440,86442],{},[17,86438,15028],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[17,86441,83470],{}," compares strings by length.",[1109,86444,5369,86446,961,86448,2681],{"id":86445},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[17,86447,84216],{},[17,86449,74405],{},[14,86451,86452,86454,86455,86457],{},[17,86453,84216],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[17,86456,74405],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[53,86459,2094],{"id":2093},[25,86461,86462,86468,86474,86480,86484,86488],{},[28,86463,86464],{},[45,86465,86466,3697],{"href":86244},[17,86467,82562],{},[28,86469,86470],{},[45,86471,86472,3697],{"href":74502},[17,86473,74405],{},[28,86475,86476],{},[45,86477,86478,3697],{"href":42538},[17,86479,1339],{},[28,86481,86482],{},[45,86483,79854],{"href":78357},[28,86485,86486],{},[45,86487,59125],{"href":59124},[28,86489,86490],{},[45,86491,66007],{"href":72859},[2122,86493,86494],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":86496},[86497,86498,86500,86506,86508,86510,86515,86517,86523,86525,86526,86537],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":84700,"depth":103,"text":86499},"What min() does",{"id":84721,"depth":103,"text":84722,"children":86501},[86502,86503,86504,86505],{"id":84806,"depth":124,"text":84809},{"id":84868,"depth":124,"text":84871},{"id":84918,"depth":124,"text":84921},{"id":85012,"depth":124,"text":85015},{"id":85074,"depth":103,"text":86507},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85209,"depth":103,"text":86509},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85356,"depth":103,"text":86511,"children":86512},"Using min() with a key function",[86513,86514],{"id":85384,"depth":124,"text":85385},{"id":85459,"depth":124,"text":85460},{"id":85681,"depth":103,"text":86516},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10930,"depth":103,"text":10931,"children":86518},[86519,86521,86522],{"id":85823,"depth":124,"text":86520},"Empty list without default",{"id":85913,"depth":124,"text":85914},{"id":86066,"depth":124,"text":86067},{"id":86213,"depth":103,"text":86524},"When to use min()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":86527},[86528,86530,86532,86533,86535],{"id":86403,"depth":124,"text":86529},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86411,"depth":124,"text":86531},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":2083,"depth":124,"text":2084},{"id":86429,"depth":124,"text":86534},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86445,"depth":124,"text":86536},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84583,"description":86538},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86545,"title":86546,"body":86547,"description":88726,"extension":2153,"meta":88727,"navigation":127,"path":88728,"seo":88729,"stem":88730,"__hash__":88731},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86548,"toc":88690},[86549,86552,86558,86564,86566,86647,86656,86660,86665,86667,86712,86714,86794,86800,86802,86805,86837,86839,86857,86859,86932,86934,86953,86957,86960,86996,86998,87065,87139,87212,87217,87221,87227,87230,87247,87250,87252,87313,87315,87335,87341,87345,87348,87418,87421,87440,87445,87521,87524,87528,87534,87538,87543,87613,87617,87622,87696,87700,87703,87778,87789,87793,87798,87888,87893,87961,87964,87983,87994,87998,88001,88006,88009,88071,88074,88085,88090,88093,88096,88101,88104,88107,88111,88114,88120,88123,88134,88136,88198,88213,88219,88222,88225,88236,88247,88253,88256,88258,88320,88330,88336,88341,88347,88351,88357,88360,88381,88383,88388,88415,88418,88445,88448,88487,88490,88528,88531,88592,88595,88597,88601,88604,88608,88614,88622,88630,88634,88637,88641,88647,88649,88687],[10,86550,86546],{"id":86551},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86553,86554,86557],{},[17,86555,86556],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86559,86560,86561,86563],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[17,86562,86556],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[53,86565,56],{"id":55},[58,86567,86569],{"className":60,"code":86568,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[17,86570,86571,86620,86636],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,86572,86573,86576,86579,86581,86583,86586,86588,86590,86592,86594,86596,86598,86601,86603,86605,86608,86610,86612,86614,86618],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,86574,86575],{"class":1167},"with",[67,86577,86578],{"class":134}," open",[67,86580,138],{"class":81},[67,86582,240],{"class":239},[67,86584,86585],{"class":243},"example.txt",[67,86587,240],{"class":239},[67,86589,89],{"class":81},[67,86591,251],{"class":239},[67,86593,60674],{"class":243},[67,86595,240],{"class":239},[67,86597,89],{"class":81},[67,86599,86600],{"class":9362}," encoding",[67,86602,78],{"class":77},[67,86604,240],{"class":239},[67,86606,86607],{"class":243},"utf-8",[67,86609,240],{"class":239},[67,86611,3849],{"class":81},[67,86613,47536],{"class":1167},[67,86615,86617],{"class":86616},"sMMDD"," file",[67,86619,1223],{"class":81},[67,86621,86622,86625,86627,86629,86631,86634],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,86623,86624],{"class":73},"    content ",[67,86626,78],{"class":77},[67,86628,86617],{"class":86616},[67,86630,114],{"class":81},[67,86632,86633],{"class":117},"read",[67,86635,121],{"class":81},[67,86637,86638,86640,86642,86645],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,86639,1228],{"class":134},[67,86641,138],{"class":81},[67,86643,86644],{"class":117},"content",[67,86646,144],{"class":81},[14,86648,185,86649,86651,86652,86655],{},[17,86650,86575],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[17,86653,86654],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[53,86657,86659],{"id":86658},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86661,86662,86664],{},[17,86663,86556],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86666,11646],{},[25,86668,86669,86672,86677,86682],{},[28,86670,86671],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[28,86673,41085,86674,86676],{},[3934,86675,4820],{}," read or write anything by itself",[28,86678,17610,86679],{},[3934,86680,86681],{},"file object",[28,86683,86684,86685],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[25,86686,86687,86692,86697,86702,86707],{},[28,86688,86689],{},[17,86690,86691],{},"read()",[28,86693,86694],{},[17,86695,86696],{},"readline()",[28,86698,86699],{},[17,86700,86701],{},"readlines()",[28,86703,86704],{},[17,86705,86706],{},"write()",[28,86708,86709],{},[17,86710,86711],{},"close()",[14,86713,222],{},[58,86715,86717],{"className":60,"code":86716,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[17,86718,86719,86758,86773,86783],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,86720,86721,86724,86726,86728,86730,86732,86734,86736,86738,86740,86742,86744,86746,86748,86750,86752,86754,86756],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,86722,86723],{"class":86616},"file",[67,86725,13462],{"class":77},[67,86727,86578],{"class":134},[67,86729,138],{"class":81},[67,86731,240],{"class":239},[67,86733,86585],{"class":243},[67,86735,240],{"class":239},[67,86737,89],{"class":81},[67,86739,251],{"class":239},[67,86741,60674],{"class":243},[67,86743,240],{"class":239},[67,86745,89],{"class":81},[67,86747,86600],{"class":9362},[67,86749,78],{"class":77},[67,86751,240],{"class":239},[67,86753,86607],{"class":243},[67,86755,240],{"class":239},[67,86757,144],{"class":81},[67,86759,86760,86763,86765,86767,86769,86771],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,86761,86762],{"class":73},"content ",[67,86764,78],{"class":77},[67,86766,86617],{"class":86616},[67,86768,114],{"class":81},[67,86770,86633],{"class":117},[67,86772,121],{"class":81},[67,86774,86775,86777,86779,86781],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,86776,135],{"class":134},[67,86778,138],{"class":81},[67,86780,86644],{"class":117},[67,86782,144],{"class":81},[67,86784,86785,86787,86789,86792],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,86786,86723],{"class":86616},[67,86788,114],{"class":81},[67,86790,86791],{"class":117},"close",[67,86793,121],{"class":81},[14,86795,86796,86797,86799],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[17,86798,86575],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[53,86801,352],{"id":351},[14,86803,86804],{},"A common form is:",[58,86806,86808],{"className":60,"code":86807,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[17,86809,86810],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,86811,86812,86814,86816,86818,86820,86823,86825,86827,86829,86831,86833,86835],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,86813,42606],{"class":134},[67,86815,138],{"class":81},[67,86817,86723],{"class":86616},[67,86819,89],{"class":81},[67,86821,86822],{"class":117}," mode",[67,86824,89],{"class":81},[67,86826,86600],{"class":9362},[67,86828,78],{"class":77},[67,86830,240],{"class":239},[67,86832,86607],{"class":243},[67,86834,240],{"class":239},[67,86836,144],{"class":81},[14,86838,65213],{},[25,86840,86841,86846,86851],{},[28,86842,86843,86845],{},[17,86844,86723],{}," is the file name or file path",[28,86847,86848,86850],{},[17,86849,21107],{}," controls how the file is opened",[28,86852,86853,86856],{},[17,86854,86855],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86858,222],{},[58,86860,86862],{"className":60,"code":86861,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[17,86863,86864,86907,86922],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,86865,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874,86877,86879,86881,86883,86885,86887,86889,86891,86893,86895,86897,86899,86901,86903,86905],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,86867,86575],{"class":1167},[67,86869,86578],{"class":134},[67,86871,138],{"class":81},[67,86873,240],{"class":239},[67,86875,86876],{"class":243},"notes.txt",[67,86878,240],{"class":239},[67,86880,89],{"class":81},[67,86882,251],{"class":239},[67,86884,60674],{"class":243},[67,86886,240],{"class":239},[67,86888,89],{"class":81},[67,86890,86600],{"class":9362},[67,86892,78],{"class":77},[67,86894,240],{"class":239},[67,86896,86607],{"class":243},[67,86898,240],{"class":239},[67,86900,3849],{"class":81},[67,86902,47536],{"class":1167},[67,86904,86617],{"class":86616},[67,86906,1223],{"class":81},[67,86908,86909,86912,86914,86916,86918,86920],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,86910,86911],{"class":73},"    text ",[67,86913,78],{"class":77},[67,86915,86617],{"class":86616},[67,86917,114],{"class":81},[67,86919,86633],{"class":117},[67,86921,121],{"class":81},[67,86923,86924,86926,86928,86930],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,86925,1228],{"class":134},[67,86927,138],{"class":81},[67,86929,34894],{"class":117},[67,86931,144],{"class":81},[14,86933,20145],{},[25,86935,86936,86942,86947],{},[28,86937,86938,86941],{},[17,86939,86940],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[28,86943,86944,86946],{},[17,86945,86654],{}," means open for reading",[28,86948,86949,86952],{},[17,86950,86951],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[53,86954,86956],{"id":86955},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,86958,86959],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[25,86961,86962,86967,86973,86978,86984,86990],{},[28,86963,86964,86966],{},[17,86965,86654],{}," = read a text file",[28,86968,86969,86972],{},[17,86970,86971],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[28,86974,86975,86977],{},[17,86976,18283],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[28,86979,86980,86983],{},[17,86981,86982],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[28,86985,86986,86989],{},[17,86987,86988],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[28,86991,86992,86995],{},[17,86993,86994],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,86997,2314],{},[58,86999,87001],{"className":60,"code":87000,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[17,87002,87003,87008,87051],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,87004,87005],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,87006,87007],{"class":3852},"# Read a text file\n",[67,87009,87010,87012,87014,87016,87018,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,87011,86575],{"class":1167},[67,87013,86578],{"class":134},[67,87015,138],{"class":81},[67,87017,240],{"class":239},[67,87019,87020],{"class":243},"data.txt",[67,87022,240],{"class":239},[67,87024,89],{"class":81},[67,87026,251],{"class":239},[67,87028,60674],{"class":243},[67,87030,240],{"class":239},[67,87032,89],{"class":81},[67,87034,86600],{"class":9362},[67,87036,78],{"class":77},[67,87038,240],{"class":239},[67,87040,86607],{"class":243},[67,87042,240],{"class":239},[67,87044,3849],{"class":81},[67,87046,47536],{"class":1167},[67,87048,86617],{"class":86616},[67,87050,1223],{"class":81},[67,87052,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,87054,1228],{"class":134},[67,87056,138],{"class":81},[67,87058,86723],{"class":86616},[67,87060,114],{"class":81},[67,87062,86633],{"class":117},[67,87064,1239],{"class":81},[58,87066,87068],{"className":60,"code":87067,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[17,87069,87070,87075,87117],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,87071,87072],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,87073,87074],{"class":3852},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[67,87076,87077,87079,87081,87083,87085,87087,87089,87091,87093,87095,87097,87099,87101,87103,87105,87107,87109,87111,87113,87115],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,87078,86575],{"class":1167},[67,87080,86578],{"class":134},[67,87082,138],{"class":81},[67,87084,240],{"class":239},[67,87086,87020],{"class":243},[67,87088,240],{"class":239},[67,87090,89],{"class":81},[67,87092,251],{"class":239},[67,87094,60657],{"class":243},[67,87096,240],{"class":239},[67,87098,89],{"class":81},[67,87100,86600],{"class":9362},[67,87102,78],{"class":77},[67,87104,240],{"class":239},[67,87106,86607],{"class":243},[67,87108,240],{"class":239},[67,87110,3849],{"class":81},[67,87112,47536],{"class":1167},[67,87114,86617],{"class":86616},[67,87116,1223],{"class":81},[67,87118,87119,87122,87124,87126,87128,87130,87132,87135,87137],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,87120,87121],{"class":86616},"    file",[67,87123,114],{"class":81},[67,87125,560],{"class":117},[67,87127,138],{"class":81},[67,87129,240],{"class":239},[67,87131,35052],{"class":243},[67,87133,87134],{"class":34638},"\\n",[67,87136,240],{"class":239},[67,87138,144],{"class":81},[58,87140,87142],{"className":60,"code":87141,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[17,87143,87144,87149,87191],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,87145,87146],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,87147,87148],{"class":3852},"# Append to a text file\n",[67,87150,87151,87153,87155,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165,87167,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177,87179,87181,87183,87185,87187,87189],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,87152,86575],{"class":1167},[67,87154,86578],{"class":134},[67,87156,138],{"class":81},[67,87158,240],{"class":239},[67,87160,87020],{"class":243},[67,87162,240],{"class":239},[67,87164,89],{"class":81},[67,87166,251],{"class":239},[67,87168,45],{"class":243},[67,87170,240],{"class":239},[67,87172,89],{"class":81},[67,87174,86600],{"class":9362},[67,87176,78],{"class":77},[67,87178,240],{"class":239},[67,87180,86607],{"class":243},[67,87182,240],{"class":239},[67,87184,3849],{"class":81},[67,87186,47536],{"class":1167},[67,87188,86617],{"class":86616},[67,87190,1223],{"class":81},[67,87192,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203,87206,87208,87210],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,87194,87121],{"class":86616},[67,87196,114],{"class":81},[67,87198,560],{"class":117},[67,87200,138],{"class":81},[67,87202,240],{"class":239},[67,87204,87205],{"class":243},"Another line",[67,87207,87134],{"class":34638},[67,87209,240],{"class":239},[67,87211,144],{"class":81},[14,87213,69512,87214,87216],{},[17,87215,86971],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[53,87218,87220],{"id":87219},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,87222,87223,22164,87225,114],{},[17,87224,86556],{},[3934,87226,86681],{},[14,87228,87229],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[25,87231,87232,87237,87242],{},[28,87233,87234],{},[17,87235,87236],{},"file.read()",[28,87238,87239],{},[17,87240,87241],{},"file.write()",[28,87243,87244],{},[17,87245,87246],{},"file.close()",[14,87248,87249],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87251,222],{},[58,87253,87255],{"className":60,"code":87254,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[17,87256,87257,87299],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,87258,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87283,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,87260,86575],{"class":1167},[67,87262,86578],{"class":134},[67,87264,138],{"class":81},[67,87266,240],{"class":239},[67,87268,86585],{"class":243},[67,87270,240],{"class":239},[67,87272,89],{"class":81},[67,87274,251],{"class":239},[67,87276,60674],{"class":243},[67,87278,240],{"class":239},[67,87280,89],{"class":81},[67,87282,86600],{"class":9362},[67,87284,78],{"class":77},[67,87286,240],{"class":239},[67,87288,86607],{"class":243},[67,87290,240],{"class":239},[67,87292,3849],{"class":81},[67,87294,47536],{"class":1167},[67,87296,86617],{"class":86616},[67,87298,1223],{"class":81},[67,87300,87301,87303,87305,87307,87309,87311],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,87302,1228],{"class":134},[67,87304,138],{"class":81},[67,87306,2011],{"class":362},[67,87308,138],{"class":81},[67,87310,86723],{"class":86616},[67,87312,1426],{"class":81},[14,87314,30213],{},[58,87316,87318],{"className":60,"code":87317,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[17,87319,87320],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,87321,87322,87324,87326,87328,87331,87333],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,87323,1397],{"class":77},[67,87325,3482],{"class":2254},[67,87327,342],{"class":239},[67,87329,87330],{"class":243},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[67,87332,333],{"class":239},[67,87334,3491],{"class":77},[14,87336,87337,87338,87340],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[17,87339,86556],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[53,87342,87344],{"id":87343},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87346,87347],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[58,87349,87350],{"className":60,"code":86568,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,87351,87352,87394,87408],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,87353,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366,87368,87370,87372,87374,87376,87378,87380,87382,87384,87386,87388,87390,87392],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,87355,86575],{"class":1167},[67,87357,86578],{"class":134},[67,87359,138],{"class":81},[67,87361,240],{"class":239},[67,87363,86585],{"class":243},[67,87365,240],{"class":239},[67,87367,89],{"class":81},[67,87369,251],{"class":239},[67,87371,60674],{"class":243},[67,87373,240],{"class":239},[67,87375,89],{"class":81},[67,87377,86600],{"class":9362},[67,87379,78],{"class":77},[67,87381,240],{"class":239},[67,87383,86607],{"class":243},[67,87385,240],{"class":239},[67,87387,3849],{"class":81},[67,87389,47536],{"class":1167},[67,87391,86617],{"class":86616},[67,87393,1223],{"class":81},[67,87395,87396,87398,87400,87402,87404,87406],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,87397,86624],{"class":73},[67,87399,78],{"class":77},[67,87401,86617],{"class":86616},[67,87403,114],{"class":81},[67,87405,86633],{"class":117},[67,87407,121],{"class":81},[67,87409,87410,87412,87414,87416],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,87411,1228],{"class":134},[67,87413,138],{"class":81},[67,87415,86644],{"class":117},[67,87417,144],{"class":81},[14,87419,87420],{},"Why this is recommended:",[25,87422,87423,87428,87434,87437],{},[28,87424,87425,87427],{},[17,87426,86575],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[28,87429,87430,87431,87433],{},"It is safer than calling ",[17,87432,86711],{}," yourself",[28,87435,87436],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[28,87438,87439],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87441,83733,87442,87444],{},[17,87443,86575],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[58,87446,87447],{"className":60,"code":86716,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,87448,87449,87487,87501,87511],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,87450,87451,87453,87455,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467,87469,87471,87473,87475,87477,87479,87481,87483,87485],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,87452,86723],{"class":86616},[67,87454,13462],{"class":77},[67,87456,86578],{"class":134},[67,87458,138],{"class":81},[67,87460,240],{"class":239},[67,87462,86585],{"class":243},[67,87464,240],{"class":239},[67,87466,89],{"class":81},[67,87468,251],{"class":239},[67,87470,60674],{"class":243},[67,87472,240],{"class":239},[67,87474,89],{"class":81},[67,87476,86600],{"class":9362},[67,87478,78],{"class":77},[67,87480,240],{"class":239},[67,87482,86607],{"class":243},[67,87484,240],{"class":239},[67,87486,144],{"class":81},[67,87488,87489,87491,87493,87495,87497,87499],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,87490,86762],{"class":73},[67,87492,78],{"class":77},[67,87494,86617],{"class":86616},[67,87496,114],{"class":81},[67,87498,86633],{"class":117},[67,87500,121],{"class":81},[67,87502,87503,87505,87507,87509],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,87504,135],{"class":134},[67,87506,138],{"class":81},[67,87508,86644],{"class":117},[67,87510,144],{"class":81},[67,87512,87513,87515,87517,87519],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,87514,86723],{"class":86616},[67,87516,114],{"class":81},[67,87518,86791],{"class":117},[67,87520,121],{"class":81},[14,87522,87523],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[53,87525,87527],{"id":87526},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87529,87530,87531,87533],{},"Use mode ",[17,87532,86654],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1109,87535,87537],{"id":87536},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87539,87540,87542],{},[17,87541,86691],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[58,87544,87545],{"className":60,"code":86568,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,87546,87547,87589,87603],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,87548,87549,87551,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,87550,86575],{"class":1167},[67,87552,86578],{"class":134},[67,87554,138],{"class":81},[67,87556,240],{"class":239},[67,87558,86585],{"class":243},[67,87560,240],{"class":239},[67,87562,89],{"class":81},[67,87564,251],{"class":239},[67,87566,60674],{"class":243},[67,87568,240],{"class":239},[67,87570,89],{"class":81},[67,87572,86600],{"class":9362},[67,87574,78],{"class":77},[67,87576,240],{"class":239},[67,87578,86607],{"class":243},[67,87580,240],{"class":239},[67,87582,3849],{"class":81},[67,87584,47536],{"class":1167},[67,87586,86617],{"class":86616},[67,87588,1223],{"class":81},[67,87590,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,87592,86624],{"class":73},[67,87594,78],{"class":77},[67,87596,86617],{"class":86616},[67,87598,114],{"class":81},[67,87600,86633],{"class":117},[67,87602,121],{"class":81},[67,87604,87605,87607,87609,87611],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,87606,1228],{"class":134},[67,87608,138],{"class":81},[67,87610,86644],{"class":117},[67,87612,144],{"class":81},[1109,87614,87616],{"id":87615},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87618,87619,87621],{},[17,87620,86696],{}," reads one line at a time.",[58,87623,87625],{"className":60,"code":87624,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[17,87626,87627,87669,87685],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,87628,87629,87631,87633,87635,87637,87639,87641,87643,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,87630,86575],{"class":1167},[67,87632,86578],{"class":134},[67,87634,138],{"class":81},[67,87636,240],{"class":239},[67,87638,86585],{"class":243},[67,87640,240],{"class":239},[67,87642,89],{"class":81},[67,87644,251],{"class":239},[67,87646,60674],{"class":243},[67,87648,240],{"class":239},[67,87650,89],{"class":81},[67,87652,86600],{"class":9362},[67,87654,78],{"class":77},[67,87656,240],{"class":239},[67,87658,86607],{"class":243},[67,87660,240],{"class":239},[67,87662,3849],{"class":81},[67,87664,47536],{"class":1167},[67,87666,86617],{"class":86616},[67,87668,1223],{"class":81},[67,87670,87671,87674,87676,87678,87680,87683],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,87672,87673],{"class":73},"    first_line ",[67,87675,78],{"class":77},[67,87677,86617],{"class":86616},[67,87679,114],{"class":81},[67,87681,87682],{"class":117},"readline",[67,87684,121],{"class":81},[67,87686,87687,87689,87691,87694],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,87688,1228],{"class":134},[67,87690,138],{"class":81},[67,87692,87693],{"class":117},"first_line",[67,87695,144],{"class":81},[1109,87697,87699],{"id":87698},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87701,87702],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[58,87704,87706],{"className":60,"code":87705,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[17,87707,87708,87750,87764],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,87709,87710,87712,87714,87716,87718,87720,87722,87724,87726,87728,87730,87732,87734,87736,87738,87740,87742,87744,87746,87748],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,87711,86575],{"class":1167},[67,87713,86578],{"class":134},[67,87715,138],{"class":81},[67,87717,240],{"class":239},[67,87719,86585],{"class":243},[67,87721,240],{"class":239},[67,87723,89],{"class":81},[67,87725,251],{"class":239},[67,87727,60674],{"class":243},[67,87729,240],{"class":239},[67,87731,89],{"class":81},[67,87733,86600],{"class":9362},[67,87735,78],{"class":77},[67,87737,240],{"class":239},[67,87739,86607],{"class":243},[67,87741,240],{"class":239},[67,87743,3849],{"class":81},[67,87745,47536],{"class":1167},[67,87747,86617],{"class":86616},[67,87749,1223],{"class":81},[67,87751,87752,87755,87758,87760,87762],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,87753,87754],{"class":1167},"    for",[67,87756,87757],{"class":73}," line ",[67,87759,4074],{"class":1167},[67,87761,86617],{"class":86616},[67,87763,1223],{"class":81},[67,87765,87766,87768,87770,87772,87774,87776],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,87767,47516],{"class":134},[67,87769,138],{"class":81},[67,87771,69],{"class":117},[67,87773,114],{"class":81},[67,87775,8821],{"class":117},[67,87777,1239],{"class":81},[14,87779,87780,87781,3068,87785,114],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[45,87782,87784],{"href":87783},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[45,87786,87788],{"href":87787},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[53,87790,87792],{"id":87791},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87794,185,87795,87797],{},[17,87796,86971],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[58,87799,87801],{"className":60,"code":87800,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[17,87802,87803,87846,87867],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,87804,87805,87807,87809,87811,87813,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830,87832,87834,87836,87838,87840,87842,87844],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,87806,86575],{"class":1167},[67,87808,86578],{"class":134},[67,87810,138],{"class":81},[67,87812,240],{"class":239},[67,87814,87815],{"class":243},"output.txt",[67,87817,240],{"class":239},[67,87819,89],{"class":81},[67,87821,251],{"class":239},[67,87823,60657],{"class":243},[67,87825,240],{"class":239},[67,87827,89],{"class":81},[67,87829,86600],{"class":9362},[67,87831,78],{"class":77},[67,87833,240],{"class":239},[67,87835,86607],{"class":243},[67,87837,240],{"class":239},[67,87839,3849],{"class":81},[67,87841,47536],{"class":1167},[67,87843,86617],{"class":86616},[67,87845,1223],{"class":81},[67,87847,87848,87850,87852,87854,87856,87858,87861,87863,87865],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,87849,87121],{"class":86616},[67,87851,114],{"class":81},[67,87853,560],{"class":117},[67,87855,138],{"class":81},[67,87857,240],{"class":239},[67,87859,87860],{"class":243},"First line",[67,87862,87134],{"class":34638},[67,87864,240],{"class":239},[67,87866,144],{"class":81},[67,87868,87869,87871,87873,87875,87877,87879,87882,87884,87886],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,87870,87121],{"class":86616},[67,87872,114],{"class":81},[67,87874,560],{"class":117},[67,87876,138],{"class":81},[67,87878,240],{"class":239},[67,87880,87881],{"class":243},"Second line",[67,87883,87134],{"class":34638},[67,87885,240],{"class":239},[67,87887,144],{"class":81},[14,87889,185,87890,87892],{},[17,87891,18283],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[58,87894,87896],{"className":60,"code":87895,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[17,87897,87898,87940],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,87899,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,87901,86575],{"class":1167},[67,87903,86578],{"class":134},[67,87905,138],{"class":81},[67,87907,240],{"class":239},[67,87909,87815],{"class":243},[67,87911,240],{"class":239},[67,87913,89],{"class":81},[67,87915,251],{"class":239},[67,87917,45],{"class":243},[67,87919,240],{"class":239},[67,87921,89],{"class":81},[67,87923,86600],{"class":9362},[67,87925,78],{"class":77},[67,87927,240],{"class":239},[67,87929,86607],{"class":243},[67,87931,240],{"class":239},[67,87933,3849],{"class":81},[67,87935,47536],{"class":1167},[67,87937,86617],{"class":86616},[67,87939,1223],{"class":81},[67,87941,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952,87955,87957,87959],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,87943,87121],{"class":86616},[67,87945,114],{"class":81},[67,87947,560],{"class":117},[67,87949,138],{"class":81},[67,87951,240],{"class":239},[67,87953,87954],{"class":243},"Third line",[67,87956,87134],{"class":34638},[67,87958,240],{"class":239},[67,87960,144],{"class":81},[14,87962,87963],{},"Important detail:",[25,87965,87966,87971,87978],{},[28,87967,87968,87970],{},[17,87969,86706],{}," writes a string",[28,87972,87973,14240,87975,87977],{},[17,87974,86706],{},[3934,87976,4820],{}," add a newline for you",[28,87979,87980,87981,87433],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[17,87982,87134],{},[14,87984,87985,87986,3068,87990,114],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[45,87987,87989],{"href":87988},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[45,87991,87993],{"href":87992},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[53,87995,87997],{"id":87996},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,87999,88000],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1109,88002,88004],{"id":88003},"encodingutf-8",[17,88005,86951],{},[14,88007,88008],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[58,88010,88012],{"className":60,"code":88011,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[17,88013,88014,88057],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,88015,88016,88018,88020,88022,88024,88027,88029,88031,88033,88035,88037,88039,88041,88043,88045,88047,88049,88051,88053,88055],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,88017,86575],{"class":1167},[67,88019,86578],{"class":134},[67,88021,138],{"class":81},[67,88023,240],{"class":239},[67,88025,88026],{"class":243},"message.txt",[67,88028,240],{"class":239},[67,88030,89],{"class":81},[67,88032,251],{"class":239},[67,88034,60674],{"class":243},[67,88036,240],{"class":239},[67,88038,89],{"class":81},[67,88040,86600],{"class":9362},[67,88042,78],{"class":77},[67,88044,240],{"class":239},[67,88046,86607],{"class":243},[67,88048,240],{"class":239},[67,88050,3849],{"class":81},[67,88052,47536],{"class":1167},[67,88054,86617],{"class":86616},[67,88056,1223],{"class":81},[67,88058,88059,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,88060,1228],{"class":134},[67,88062,138],{"class":81},[67,88064,86723],{"class":86616},[67,88066,114],{"class":81},[67,88068,86633],{"class":117},[67,88070,1239],{"class":81},[14,88072,88073],{},"Why it matters:",[25,88075,88076,88079,88082],{},[28,88077,88078],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[28,88080,88081],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[28,88083,88084],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1109,88086,88088],{"id":88087},"newline",[17,88089,88087],{},[14,88091,88092],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,88094,88095],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1109,88097,88099],{"id":88098},"buffering",[17,88100,88098],{},[14,88102,88103],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,88105,88106],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[53,88108,88110],{"id":88109},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,88112,88113],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1109,88115,88117],{"id":88116},"filenotfounderror",[17,88118,88119],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,88121,88122],{},"This happens when:",[25,88124,88125,88128,88131],{},[28,88126,88127],{},"the file does not exist",[28,88129,88130],{},"the path is wrong",[28,88132,88133],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,88135,222],{},[58,88137,88139],{"className":60,"code":88138,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[17,88140,88141,88184],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,88142,88143,88145,88147,88149,88151,88154,88156,88158,88160,88162,88164,88166,88168,88170,88172,88174,88176,88178,88180,88182],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,88144,86575],{"class":1167},[67,88146,86578],{"class":134},[67,88148,138],{"class":81},[67,88150,240],{"class":239},[67,88152,88153],{"class":243},"missing.txt",[67,88155,240],{"class":239},[67,88157,89],{"class":81},[67,88159,251],{"class":239},[67,88161,60674],{"class":243},[67,88163,240],{"class":239},[67,88165,89],{"class":81},[67,88167,86600],{"class":9362},[67,88169,78],{"class":77},[67,88171,240],{"class":239},[67,88173,86607],{"class":243},[67,88175,240],{"class":239},[67,88177,3849],{"class":81},[67,88179,47536],{"class":1167},[67,88181,86617],{"class":86616},[67,88183,1223],{"class":81},[67,88185,88186,88188,88190,88192,88194,88196],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,88187,1228],{"class":134},[67,88189,138],{"class":81},[67,88191,86723],{"class":86616},[67,88193,114],{"class":81},[67,88195,86633],{"class":117},[67,88197,1239],{"class":81},[14,88199,88200,88201,961,88209,114],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[45,88202,88204,88205,88208],{"href":88203},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[67,88206,88207],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[45,88210,88212],{"href":88211},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1109,88214,88216],{"id":88215},"permissionerror",[17,88217,88218],{},"PermissionError",[14,88220,88221],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,88223,88224],{},"Example causes:",[25,88226,88227,88230,88233],{},[28,88228,88229],{},"the file is protected",[28,88231,88232],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[28,88234,88235],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88237,88238,88239],{},"Related page: ",[45,88240,88242,88243,88246],{"href":88241},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[67,88244,88245],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1109,88248,88250],{"id":88249},"isadirectoryerror",[17,88251,88252],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88254,88255],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88257,222],{},[58,88259,88261],{"className":60,"code":88260,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[17,88262,88263,88306],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,88264,88265,88267,88269,88271,88273,88276,88278,88280,88282,88284,88286,88288,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298,88300,88302,88304],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,88266,86575],{"class":1167},[67,88268,86578],{"class":134},[67,88270,138],{"class":81},[67,88272,240],{"class":239},[67,88274,88275],{"class":243},"my_folder",[67,88277,240],{"class":239},[67,88279,89],{"class":81},[67,88281,251],{"class":239},[67,88283,60674],{"class":243},[67,88285,240],{"class":239},[67,88287,89],{"class":81},[67,88289,86600],{"class":9362},[67,88291,78],{"class":77},[67,88293,240],{"class":239},[67,88295,86607],{"class":243},[67,88297,240],{"class":239},[67,88299,3849],{"class":81},[67,88301,47536],{"class":1167},[67,88303,86617],{"class":86616},[67,88305,1223],{"class":81},[67,88307,88308,88310,88312,88314,88316,88318],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,88309,1228],{"class":134},[67,88311,138],{"class":81},[67,88313,86723],{"class":86616},[67,88315,114],{"class":81},[67,88317,86633],{"class":117},[67,88319,1239],{"class":81},[14,88321,88238,88322],{},[45,88323,88325,88326,88329],{"href":88324},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[67,88327,88328],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1109,88331,88333],{"id":88332},"unicodedecodeerror",[17,88334,88335],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88337,88338,88339,114],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[17,88340,86556],{},[14,88342,88238,88343],{},[45,88344,88346],{"href":88345},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[53,88348,88350],{"id":88349},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88352,88353,88354,88356],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[17,88355,86556],{}," function.",[14,88358,88359],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[25,88361,88362,88365,88368,88374],{},[28,88363,88364],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[28,88366,88367],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[28,88369,88370,88371,88373],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[17,88372,86556],{}," itself",[28,88375,88376,88377],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[45,88378,88380],{"href":88379},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[53,88382,1907],{"id":1906},[14,88384,88385,88386,1161],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[17,88387,86556],{},[25,88389,88390,88395,88401,88406,88409,88412],{},[28,88391,8604,88392,88394],{},[17,88393,86654],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[28,88396,88397,88398,88400],{},"Forgetting to use ",[17,88399,86855],{}," for text files",[28,88402,8604,88403,88405],{},[17,88404,86971],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[28,88407,88408],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[28,88410,88411],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[28,88413,88414],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88416,88417],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[58,88419,88421],{"className":60,"code":88420,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[17,88422,88423,88430],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,88424,88425,88427],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,88426,35276],{"class":1167},[67,88428,88429],{"class":73}," os\n",[67,88431,88432,88434,88436,88438,88440,88443],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,88433,135],{"class":134},[67,88435,138],{"class":81},[67,88437,42805],{"class":117},[67,88439,114],{"class":81},[67,88441,88442],{"class":117},"getcwd",[67,88444,1239],{"class":81},[14,88446,88447],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[58,88449,88451],{"className":60,"code":88450,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[17,88452,88453,88459],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,88454,88455,88457],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,88456,35276],{"class":1167},[67,88458,88429],{"class":73},[67,88460,88461,88463,88465,88467,88469,88472,88474,88477,88479,88481,88483,88485],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,88462,135],{"class":134},[67,88464,138],{"class":81},[67,88466,42805],{"class":117},[67,88468,114],{"class":81},[67,88470,88471],{"class":24938},"path",[67,88473,114],{"class":81},[67,88475,88476],{"class":117},"exists",[67,88478,138],{"class":81},[67,88480,240],{"class":239},[67,88482,86585],{"class":243},[67,88484,240],{"class":239},[67,88486,1426],{"class":81},[14,88488,88489],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[58,88491,88493],{"className":60,"code":88492,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[17,88494,88495,88501],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,88496,88497,88499],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,88498,35276],{"class":1167},[67,88500,88429],{"class":73},[67,88502,88503,88505,88507,88509,88511,88513,88515,88518,88520,88522,88524,88526],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,88504,135],{"class":134},[67,88506,138],{"class":81},[67,88508,42805],{"class":117},[67,88510,114],{"class":81},[67,88512,88471],{"class":24938},[67,88514,114],{"class":81},[67,88516,88517],{"class":117},"isfile",[67,88519,138],{"class":81},[67,88521,240],{"class":239},[67,88523,86585],{"class":243},[67,88525,240],{"class":239},[67,88527,1426],{"class":81},[14,88529,88530],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[58,88532,88534],{"className":60,"code":88533,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[17,88535,88536,88578],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,88537,88538,88540,88542,88544,88546,88548,88550,88552,88554,88556,88558,88560,88562,88564,88566,88568,88570,88572,88574,88576],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,88539,86575],{"class":1167},[67,88541,86578],{"class":134},[67,88543,138],{"class":81},[67,88545,240],{"class":239},[67,88547,86585],{"class":243},[67,88549,240],{"class":239},[67,88551,89],{"class":81},[67,88553,251],{"class":239},[67,88555,60674],{"class":243},[67,88557,240],{"class":239},[67,88559,89],{"class":81},[67,88561,86600],{"class":9362},[67,88563,78],{"class":77},[67,88565,240],{"class":239},[67,88567,86607],{"class":243},[67,88569,240],{"class":239},[67,88571,3849],{"class":81},[67,88573,47536],{"class":1167},[67,88575,86617],{"class":86616},[67,88577,1223],{"class":81},[67,88579,88580,88582,88584,88586,88588,88590],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,88581,1228],{"class":134},[67,88583,138],{"class":81},[67,88585,86723],{"class":86616},[67,88587,114],{"class":81},[67,88589,86633],{"class":117},[67,88591,1239],{"class":81},[14,88593,88594],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[53,88596,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,88598,88600],{"id":88599},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88602,88603],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1109,88605,88607],{"id":88606},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88609,88610,88611,88613],{},"Use it inside a ",[17,88612,86575],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1109,88615,5369,88617,961,88619,88621],{"id":88616},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[17,88618,86971],{},[17,88620,18283],{}," mode?",[14,88623,88624,88626,88627,88629],{},[17,88625,86971],{}," overwrites the file. ",[17,88628,18283],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1109,88631,88633],{"id":88632},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88635,88636],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1109,88638,88640],{"id":88639},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88642,88643,88644,88646],{},"It is a good habit. ",[17,88645,86951],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[53,88648,2094],{"id":2093},[25,88650,88651,88655,88659,88663,88667,88671,88675,88681],{},[28,88652,88653],{},[45,88654,87784],{"href":87783},[28,88656,88657],{},[45,88658,87989],{"href":87988},[28,88660,88661],{},[45,88662,87993],{"href":87992},[28,88664,88665],{},[45,88666,87788],{"href":87787},[28,88668,88669],{},[45,88670,88380],{"href":88379},[28,88672,88673],{},[45,88674,88212],{"href":88211},[28,88676,88677],{},[45,88678,88204,88679,88208],{"href":88203},[67,88680,88207],{},[28,88682,88683],{},[45,88684,88242,88685,88246],{"href":88241},[67,88686,88245],{},[2122,88688,88689],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":88691},[88692,88693,88694,88695,88696,88697,88698,88703,88704,88709,88715,88716,88717,88725],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":86658,"depth":103,"text":86659},{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":86955,"depth":103,"text":86956},{"id":87219,"depth":103,"text":87220},{"id":87343,"depth":103,"text":87344},{"id":87526,"depth":103,"text":87527,"children":88699},[88700,88701,88702],{"id":87536,"depth":124,"text":87537},{"id":87615,"depth":124,"text":87616},{"id":87698,"depth":124,"text":87699},{"id":87791,"depth":103,"text":87792},{"id":87996,"depth":103,"text":87997,"children":88705},[88706,88707,88708],{"id":88003,"depth":124,"text":86951},{"id":88087,"depth":124,"text":88087},{"id":88098,"depth":124,"text":88098},{"id":88109,"depth":103,"text":88110,"children":88710},[88711,88712,88713,88714],{"id":88116,"depth":124,"text":88119},{"id":88215,"depth":124,"text":88218},{"id":88249,"depth":124,"text":88252},{"id":88332,"depth":124,"text":88335},{"id":88349,"depth":103,"text":88350},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":88718},[88719,88720,88721,88723,88724],{"id":88599,"depth":124,"text":88600},{"id":88606,"depth":124,"text":88607},{"id":88616,"depth":124,"text":88722},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88632,"depth":124,"text":88633},{"id":88639,"depth":124,"text":88640},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86546,"description":88726},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88733,"title":88734,"body":88735,"description":90730,"extension":2153,"meta":90731,"navigation":127,"path":90732,"seo":90733,"stem":90734,"__hash__":90735},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88736,"toc":90677},[88737,88742,88747,88753,88755,88823,88825,88844,88849,88854,88859,88862,88874,88876,88919,88921,88939,88950,88952,88954,88979,88981,88992,88994,89054,89056,89082,89085,89089,89094,89098,89101,89135,89139,89142,89167,89171,89194,89198,89231,89236,89240,89245,89248,89316,89318,89342,89347,89350,89381,89383,89415,89432,89436,89441,89465,89472,89477,89482,89485,89489,89524,89526,89535,89539,89630,89632,89663,89668,89675,89680,89689,89692,89726,89728,89742,89746,89787,89789,89798,89802,89850,89852,89866,89871,89882,89889,89895,89897,89932,89934,89948,89951,89973,89979,90008,90019,90025,90031,90045,90047,90126,90128,90178,90185,90187,90192,90196,90199,90214,90219,90221,90240,90246,90249,90264,90266,90284,90290,90295,90325,90328,90351,90354,90381,90388,90394,90402,90425,90430,90438,90440,90460,90464,90470,90520,90523,90545,90547,90553,90561,90567,90573,90581,90586,90590,90593,90616,90621,90628,90640,90642,90674],[10,88738,3764,88740,3768],{"id":88739},"python-print-function-explained",[17,88741,46630],{},[14,88743,32502,88744,88746],{},[17,88745,46630],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88748,88749,88750,88752],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[17,88751,46630],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[53,88754,56],{"id":55},[58,88756,88758],{"className":60,"code":88757,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[17,88759,88760,88772,88781,88785,88795,88805],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,88761,88762,88764,88766,88768,88770],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,88763,8065],{"class":73},[67,88765,78],{"class":77},[67,88767,251],{"class":239},[67,88769,8110],{"class":243},[67,88771,3547],{"class":239},[67,88773,88774,88776,88778],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,88775,21817],{"class":73},[67,88777,78],{"class":77},[67,88779,88780],{"class":85}," 12\n",[67,88782,88783],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,88784,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,88786,88787,88789,88791,88793],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,88788,135],{"class":134},[67,88790,138],{"class":81},[67,88792,7860],{"class":117},[67,88794,144],{"class":81},[67,88796,88797,88799,88801,88803],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,88798,135],{"class":134},[67,88800,138],{"class":81},[67,88802,9486],{"class":117},[67,88804,144],{"class":81},[67,88806,88807,88809,88811,88813,88815,88817,88819,88821],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,88808,135],{"class":134},[67,88810,138],{"class":81},[67,88812,240],{"class":239},[67,88814,35052],{"class":243},[67,88816,240],{"class":239},[67,88818,89],{"class":81},[67,88820,36175],{"class":117},[67,88822,144],{"class":81},[14,88824,159],{},[58,88826,88828],{"className":60,"code":88827,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[17,88829,88830,88835,88839],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,88831,88832],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,88833,88834],{"class":73},"Mia\n",[67,88836,88837],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,88838,2411],{"class":85},[67,88840,88841],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,88842,88843],{"class":73},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88845,185,88846,88848],{},[17,88847,46630],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[53,88850,3867,88852,3870],{"id":88851},"what-print-does",[17,88853,46630],{},[14,88855,88856,88858],{},[17,88857,46630],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88860,88861],{},"You can use it to display:",[25,88863,88864,88866,88868,88871],{},[28,88865,34894],{},[28,88867,154],{},[28,88869,88870],{},"variables",[28,88872,88873],{},"expressions",[14,88875,222],{},[58,88877,88879],{"className":60,"code":88878,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[17,88880,88881,88895,88905],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,88882,88883,88885,88887,88889,88891,88893],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,88884,135],{"class":134},[67,88886,138],{"class":81},[67,88888,240],{"class":239},[67,88890,35052],{"class":243},[67,88892,240],{"class":239},[67,88894,144],{"class":81},[67,88896,88897,88899,88901,88903],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,88898,135],{"class":134},[67,88900,138],{"class":81},[67,88902,1308],{"class":85},[67,88904,144],{"class":81},[67,88906,88907,88909,88911,88913,88915,88917],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,88908,135],{"class":134},[67,88910,138],{"class":81},[67,88912,2245],{"class":85},[67,88914,2642],{"class":77},[67,88916,2639],{"class":85},[67,88918,144],{"class":81},[14,88920,159],{},[58,88922,88924],{"className":60,"code":88923,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[17,88925,88926,88931,88935],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,88927,88928],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,88929,88930],{"class":73},"Hello\n",[67,88932,88933],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,88934,3137],{"class":85},[67,88936,88937],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,88938,3137],{"class":85},[14,88940,88941,88942,88944,88945,88949],{},"A very important detail is that ",[17,88943,46630],{}," ",[3934,88946,3882,88947],{},[17,88948,1103],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[53,88951,352],{"id":351},[14,88953,30909],{},[58,88955,88957],{"className":60,"code":88956,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[17,88958,88959],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,88960,88961,88963,88965,88968,88970,88973,88975,88977],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,88962,135],{"class":134},[67,88964,138],{"class":81},[67,88966,88967],{"class":117},"object1",[67,88969,89],{"class":81},[67,88971,88972],{"class":117}," object2",[67,88974,89],{"class":81},[67,88976,34639],{"class":134},[67,88978,144],{"class":81},[14,88980,80184],{},[25,88982,88983,88986,88989],{},[28,88984,88985],{},"one value",[28,88987,88988],{},"many values",[28,88990,88991],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,88993,222],{},[58,88995,88997],{"className":60,"code":88996,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[17,88998,88999,89013,89032],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89000,89001,89003,89005,89007,89009,89011],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89002,135],{"class":134},[67,89004,138],{"class":81},[67,89006,240],{"class":239},[67,89008,57937],{"class":243},[67,89010,240],{"class":239},[67,89012,144],{"class":81},[67,89014,89015,89017,89019,89021,89024,89026,89028,89030],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89016,135],{"class":134},[67,89018,138],{"class":81},[67,89020,240],{"class":239},[67,89022,89023],{"class":243},"Score:",[67,89025,240],{"class":239},[67,89027,89],{"class":81},[67,89029,6196],{"class":85},[67,89031,144],{"class":81},[67,89033,89034,89036,89038,89040,89042,89044,89046,89048,89050,89052],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,89035,135],{"class":134},[67,89037,138],{"class":81},[67,89039,240],{"class":239},[67,89041,45742],{"class":243},[67,89043,240],{"class":239},[67,89045,89],{"class":81},[67,89047,2645],{"class":85},[67,89049,2642],{"class":77},[67,89051,37823],{"class":85},[67,89053,144],{"class":81},[14,89055,159],{},[58,89057,89059],{"className":60,"code":89058,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[17,89060,89061,89065,89074],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89062,89063],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89064,85337],{"class":73},[67,89066,89067,89070,89072],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89068,89069],{"class":73},"Score",[67,89071,1161],{"class":81},[67,89073,2777],{"class":85},[67,89075,89076,89078,89080],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,89077,45781],{"class":73},[67,89079,1161],{"class":81},[67,89081,2777],{"class":85},[14,89083,89084],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[53,89086,89088],{"id":89087},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,89090,89091,89092,114],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[17,89093,46630],{},[1109,89095,89097],{"id":89096},"print-text","Print text",[14,89099,89100],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[58,89102,89104],{"className":60,"code":89103,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[17,89105,89106,89120],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89107,89108,89110,89112,89114,89116,89118],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89109,135],{"class":134},[67,89111,138],{"class":81},[67,89113,240],{"class":239},[67,89115,35052],{"class":243},[67,89117,240],{"class":239},[67,89119,144],{"class":81},[67,89121,89122,89124,89126,89128,89131,89133],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89123,135],{"class":134},[67,89125,138],{"class":81},[67,89127,240],{"class":239},[67,89129,89130],{"class":243},"Python is fun",[67,89132,240],{"class":239},[67,89134,144],{"class":81},[1109,89136,89138],{"id":89137},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,89140,89141],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[58,89143,89145],{"className":60,"code":89144,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[17,89146,89147,89157],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89148,89149,89151,89153,89155],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89150,135],{"class":134},[67,89152,138],{"class":81},[67,89154,1308],{"class":85},[67,89156,144],{"class":81},[67,89158,89159,89161,89163,89165],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89160,135],{"class":134},[67,89162,138],{"class":81},[67,89164,40322],{"class":85},[67,89166,144],{"class":81},[1109,89168,89170],{"id":89169},"print-variables","Print variables",[58,89172,89174],{"className":60,"code":89173,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[17,89175,89176,89184],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89177,89178,89180,89182],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89179,5284],{"class":73},[67,89181,78],{"class":77},[67,89183,14317],{"class":85},[67,89185,89186,89188,89190,89192],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89187,135],{"class":134},[67,89189,138],{"class":81},[67,89191,85501],{"class":117},[67,89193,144],{"class":81},[1109,89195,89197],{"id":89196},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[58,89199,89201],{"className":60,"code":89200,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[17,89202,89203,89217],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89204,89205,89207,89209,89211,89213,89215],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89206,135],{"class":134},[67,89208,138],{"class":81},[67,89210,2245],{"class":85},[67,89212,2642],{"class":77},[67,89214,2639],{"class":85},[67,89216,144],{"class":81},[67,89218,89219,89221,89223,89225,89227,89229],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89220,135],{"class":134},[67,89222,138],{"class":81},[67,89224,86],{"class":85},[67,89226,82813],{"class":77},[67,89228,2645],{"class":85},[67,89230,144],{"class":81},[14,89232,89233,89234,114],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[45,89235,51154],{"href":51153},[53,89237,89239],{"id":89238},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89241,89242,89244],{},[17,89243,46630],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89246,89247],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[58,89249,89251],{"className":60,"code":89250,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[17,89252,89253,89266,89274,89278,89297],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89254,89255,89257,89259,89261,89264],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89256,8065],{"class":73},[67,89258,78],{"class":77},[67,89260,251],{"class":239},[67,89262,89263],{"class":243},"Ava",[67,89265,3547],{"class":239},[67,89267,89268,89270,89272],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89269,21817],{"class":73},[67,89271,78],{"class":77},[67,89273,2777],{"class":85},[67,89275,89276],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,89277,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,89279,89280,89282,89284,89286,89289,89291,89293,89295],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,89281,135],{"class":134},[67,89283,138],{"class":81},[67,89285,240],{"class":239},[67,89287,89288],{"class":243},"Name:",[67,89290,240],{"class":239},[67,89292,89],{"class":81},[67,89294,36175],{"class":117},[67,89296,144],{"class":81},[67,89298,89299,89301,89303,89305,89308,89310,89312,89314],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,89300,135],{"class":134},[67,89302,138],{"class":81},[67,89304,240],{"class":239},[67,89306,89307],{"class":243},"Age:",[67,89309,240],{"class":239},[67,89311,89],{"class":81},[67,89313,9375],{"class":117},[67,89315,144],{"class":81},[14,89317,159],{},[58,89319,89321],{"className":60,"code":89320,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[17,89322,89323,89333],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89324,89325,89328,89330],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89326,89327],{"class":73},"Name",[67,89329,1161],{"class":81},[67,89331,89332],{"class":73}," Ava\n",[67,89334,89335,89338,89340],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89336,89337],{"class":73},"Age",[67,89339,1161],{"class":81},[67,89341,2777],{"class":85},[14,89343,89344,89345,114],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[17,89346,2248],{},[14,89348,89349],{},"For example, this works:",[58,89351,89353],{"className":60,"code":89352,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[17,89354,89355,89363],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89356,89357,89359,89361],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89358,21817],{"class":73},[67,89360,78],{"class":77},[67,89362,2777],{"class":85},[67,89364,89365,89367,89369,89371,89373,89375,89377,89379],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89366,135],{"class":134},[67,89368,138],{"class":81},[67,89370,240],{"class":239},[67,89372,89307],{"class":243},[67,89374,240],{"class":239},[67,89376,89],{"class":81},[67,89378,9375],{"class":117},[67,89380,144],{"class":81},[14,89382,37106],{},[58,89384,89386],{"className":60,"code":89385,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[17,89387,89388,89396],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89389,89390,89392,89394],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89391,21817],{"class":73},[67,89393,78],{"class":77},[67,89395,2777],{"class":85},[67,89397,89398,89400,89402,89404,89407,89409,89411,89413],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89399,135],{"class":134},[67,89401,138],{"class":81},[67,89403,240],{"class":239},[67,89405,89406],{"class":243},"Age: ",[67,89408,240],{"class":239},[67,89410,2642],{"class":77},[67,89412,9375],{"class":117},[67,89414,144],{"class":81},[14,89416,89417,89418,89421,89422,89424,89425,89427,89428,114],{},"That fails because ",[17,89419,89420],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[17,89423,9486],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[17,89426,2248],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[45,89429,89430],{"href":42355},[17,89431,47862],{},[53,89433,89435],{"id":89434},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89437,89438,89440],{},[17,89439,46630],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[25,89442,89443,89449,89454,89459],{},[28,89444,89445,89448],{},[17,89446,89447],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[28,89450,89451,89453],{},[17,89452,52838],{}," controls what is added after the output",[28,89455,89456,89458],{},[17,89457,86723],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[28,89460,89461,89464],{},[17,89462,89463],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89466,89467,89468,961,89470,114],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[17,89469,89447],{},[17,89471,52838],{},[53,89473,89475,36795],{"id":89474},"sep-argument",[17,89476,89447],{},[14,89478,379,89479,89481],{},[17,89480,89447],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89483,89484],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1109,89486,89488],{"id":89487},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[58,89490,89492],{"className":60,"code":89491,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[17,89493,89494],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89495,89496,89498,89500,89502,89504,89506,89508,89510,89512,89514,89516,89518,89520,89522],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89497,135],{"class":134},[67,89499,138],{"class":81},[67,89501,240],{"class":239},[67,89503,244],{"class":243},[67,89505,240],{"class":239},[67,89507,89],{"class":81},[67,89509,251],{"class":239},[67,89511,254],{"class":243},[67,89513,240],{"class":239},[67,89515,89],{"class":81},[67,89517,251],{"class":239},[67,89519,263],{"class":243},[67,89521,240],{"class":239},[67,89523,144],{"class":81},[14,89525,159],{},[58,89527,89529],{"className":60,"code":89528,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"red green blue\n",[17,89530,89531],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89532,89533],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89534,89528],{"class":73},[1109,89536,89538],{"id":89537},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[58,89540,89542],{"className":60,"code":89541,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[17,89543,89544,89587],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89545,89546,89548,89550,89552,89554,89556,89558,89560,89562,89564,89566,89568,89570,89572,89574,89577,89579,89581,89583,89585],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89547,135],{"class":134},[67,89549,138],{"class":81},[67,89551,240],{"class":239},[67,89553,244],{"class":243},[67,89555,240],{"class":239},[67,89557,89],{"class":81},[67,89559,251],{"class":239},[67,89561,254],{"class":243},[67,89563,240],{"class":239},[67,89565,89],{"class":81},[67,89567,251],{"class":239},[67,89569,263],{"class":243},[67,89571,240],{"class":239},[67,89573,89],{"class":81},[67,89575,89576],{"class":9362}," sep",[67,89578,78],{"class":77},[67,89580,240],{"class":239},[67,89582,89],{"class":243},[67,89584,240],{"class":239},[67,89586,144],{"class":81},[67,89588,89589,89591,89593,89595,89597,89599,89601,89603,89605,89607,89609,89611,89613,89615,89617,89619,89621,89623,89626,89628],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89590,135],{"class":134},[67,89592,138],{"class":81},[67,89594,240],{"class":239},[67,89596,244],{"class":243},[67,89598,240],{"class":239},[67,89600,89],{"class":81},[67,89602,251],{"class":239},[67,89604,254],{"class":243},[67,89606,240],{"class":239},[67,89608,89],{"class":81},[67,89610,251],{"class":239},[67,89612,263],{"class":243},[67,89614,240],{"class":239},[67,89616,89],{"class":81},[67,89618,89576],{"class":9362},[67,89620,78],{"class":77},[67,89622,240],{"class":239},[67,89624,89625],{"class":243}," - ",[67,89627,240],{"class":239},[67,89629,144],{"class":81},[14,89631,159],{},[58,89633,89635],{"className":60,"code":89634,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[17,89636,89637,89649],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89638,89639,89641,89643,89645,89647],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89640,244],{"class":73},[67,89642,89],{"class":81},[67,89644,254],{"class":73},[67,89646,89],{"class":81},[67,89648,326],{"class":73},[67,89650,89651,89654,89656,89659,89661],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89652,89653],{"class":73},"red ",[67,89655,869],{"class":77},[67,89657,89658],{"class":73}," green ",[67,89660,869],{"class":77},[67,89662,36066],{"class":73},[14,89664,89665,89667],{},[17,89666,89447],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89669,89670,89671,114],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[45,89672,89674],{"href":89673},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[53,89676,89678,36795],{"id":89677},"end-argument",[17,89679,52838],{},[14,89681,89682,89683,89685,89686,89688],{},"By default, ",[17,89684,46630],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[17,89687,46630],{}," starts on a new line.",[1109,89690,89488],{"id":89691},"default-behavior-1",[58,89693,89695],{"className":60,"code":89694,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[17,89696,89697,89711],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89698,89699,89701,89703,89705,89707,89709],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89700,135],{"class":134},[67,89702,138],{"class":81},[67,89704,240],{"class":239},[67,89706,35052],{"class":243},[67,89708,240],{"class":239},[67,89710,144],{"class":81},[67,89712,89713,89715,89717,89719,89722,89724],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89714,135],{"class":134},[67,89716,138],{"class":81},[67,89718,240],{"class":239},[67,89720,89721],{"class":243},"World",[67,89723,240],{"class":239},[67,89725,144],{"class":81},[14,89727,159],{},[58,89729,89731],{"className":60,"code":89730,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Hello\nWorld\n",[17,89732,89733,89737],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89734,89735],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89736,88930],{"class":73},[67,89738,89739],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89740,89741],{"class":73},"World\n",[1109,89743,89745],{"id":89744},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[58,89747,89749],{"className":60,"code":89748,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[17,89750,89751,89773],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89752,89753,89755,89757,89759,89761,89763,89765,89767,89769,89771],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89754,135],{"class":134},[67,89756,138],{"class":81},[67,89758,240],{"class":239},[67,89760,35052],{"class":243},[67,89762,240],{"class":239},[67,89764,89],{"class":81},[67,89766,65208],{"class":9362},[67,89768,78],{"class":77},[67,89770,6464],{"class":239},[67,89772,144],{"class":81},[67,89774,89775,89777,89779,89781,89783,89785],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89776,135],{"class":134},[67,89778,138],{"class":81},[67,89780,240],{"class":239},[67,89782,89721],{"class":243},[67,89784,240],{"class":239},[67,89786,144],{"class":81},[14,89788,159],{},[58,89790,89792],{"className":60,"code":89791,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"HelloWorld\n",[17,89793,89794],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89795,89796],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89797,89791],{"class":73},[1109,89799,89801],{"id":89800},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[58,89803,89805],{"className":60,"code":89804,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[17,89806,89807,89836],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89808,89809,89811,89813,89815,89817,89819,89821,89823,89825,89827,89830,89832,89834],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89810,135],{"class":134},[67,89812,138],{"class":81},[67,89814,240],{"class":239},[67,89816,35052],{"class":243},[67,89818,240],{"class":239},[67,89820,89],{"class":81},[67,89822,65208],{"class":9362},[67,89824,78],{"class":77},[67,89826,240],{"class":239},[67,89828,89829],{"class":243},"!",[67,89831,87134],{"class":34638},[67,89833,240],{"class":239},[67,89835,144],{"class":81},[67,89837,89838,89840,89842,89844,89846,89848],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89839,135],{"class":134},[67,89841,138],{"class":81},[67,89843,240],{"class":239},[67,89845,89721],{"class":243},[67,89847,240],{"class":239},[67,89849,144],{"class":81},[14,89851,159],{},[58,89853,89855],{"className":60,"code":89854,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[17,89856,89857,89862],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89858,89859],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89860,89861],{"class":73},"Hello!\n",[67,89863,89864],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89865,89741],{"class":73},[14,89867,379,89868,89870],{},[17,89869,52838],{}," argument is useful for:",[25,89872,89873,89876,89879],{},[28,89874,89875],{},"progress messages",[28,89877,89878],{},"inline output",[28,89880,89881],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[53,89883,89885,2584,89887],{"id":89884},"print-returns-none",[17,89886,46630],{},[17,89888,1103],{},[14,89890,89891,89892,89894],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[17,89893,46630],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89896,222],{},[58,89898,89900],{"className":60,"code":89899,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,89901,89902,89922],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89903,89904,89906,89908,89911,89913,89915,89918,89920],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89905,2416],{"class":73},[67,89907,78],{"class":77},[67,89909,89910],{"class":134}," print",[67,89912,138],{"class":81},[67,89914,240],{"class":239},[67,89916,89917],{"class":243},"Hi",[67,89919,240],{"class":239},[67,89921,144],{"class":81},[67,89923,89924,89926,89928,89930],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89925,135],{"class":134},[67,89927,138],{"class":81},[67,89929,2451],{"class":117},[67,89931,144],{"class":81},[14,89933,159],{},[58,89935,89937],{"className":60,"code":89936,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Hi\nNone\n",[17,89938,89939,89944],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89940,89941],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89942,89943],{"class":73},"Hi\n",[67,89945,89946],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,89947,11997],{"class":4043},[14,89949,89950],{},"Why does this happen?",[25,89952,89953,89961,89966],{},[28,89954,89955,89958,89959],{},[17,89956,89957],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[17,89960,89917],{},[28,89962,89963,89964],{},"but the function itself returns ",[17,89965,1103],{},[28,89967,89968,89969,12109,89971],{},"so ",[17,89970,2451],{},[17,89972,1103],{},[14,89974,89975,89976,89978],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[17,89977,46630],{}," call.",[58,89980,89982],{"className":60,"code":89981,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[17,89983,89984,89997],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,89985,89986,89989,89991,89993,89995],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,89987,89988],{"class":73},"message ",[67,89990,78],{"class":77},[67,89992,251],{"class":239},[67,89994,89917],{"class":243},[67,89996,3547],{"class":239},[67,89998,89999,90001,90003,90006],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,90000,135],{"class":134},[67,90002,138],{"class":81},[67,90004,90005],{"class":117},"message",[67,90007,144],{"class":81},[14,90009,90010,90011,90013,90014,90018],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[17,90012,46630],{}," with functions like ",[45,90015,90016],{"href":8407},[17,90017,3148],{},", which do return a value.",[53,90020,90022,90023],{"id":90021},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[17,90024,46630],{},[14,90026,90027,90028,90030],{},"Beginners use ",[17,90029,46630],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[25,90032,90033,90036,90039,90042],{},[28,90034,90035],{},"to display results to the user",[28,90037,90038],{},"to show messages in a script",[28,90040,90041],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[28,90043,90044],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,90046,222],{},[58,90048,90050],{"className":60,"code":90049,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[17,90051,90052,90060,90064,90084,90095],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90053,90054,90056,90058],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90055,41362],{"class":73},[67,90057,78],{"class":77},[67,90059,38692],{"class":85},[67,90061,90062],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,90063,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,90065,90066,90068,90070,90072,90074,90076,90078,90080,90082],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,90067,6150],{"class":1167},[67,90069,6579],{"class":73},[67,90071,4074],{"class":1167},[67,90073,54245],{"class":134},[67,90075,138],{"class":81},[67,90077,464],{"class":85},[67,90079,89],{"class":81},[67,90081,2645],{"class":85},[67,90083,1407],{"class":81},[67,90085,90086,90089,90092],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,90087,90088],{"class":73},"    total ",[67,90090,90091],{"class":77},"+=",[67,90093,90094],{"class":73}," number\n",[67,90096,90097,90099,90101,90103,90106,90108,90110,90112,90114,90116,90118,90120,90122,90124],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,90098,1228],{"class":134},[67,90100,138],{"class":81},[67,90102,240],{"class":239},[67,90104,90105],{"class":243},"Current number:",[67,90107,240],{"class":239},[67,90109,89],{"class":81},[67,90111,2383],{"class":117},[67,90113,89],{"class":81},[67,90115,251],{"class":239},[67,90117,45742],{"class":243},[67,90119,240],{"class":239},[67,90121,89],{"class":81},[67,90123,45749],{"class":117},[67,90125,144],{"class":81},[14,90127,159],{},[58,90129,90131],{"className":60,"code":90130,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[17,90132,90133,90149,90163],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90134,90135,90138,90140,90142,90145,90147],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90136,90137],{"class":73},"Current number",[67,90139,1161],{"class":81},[67,90141,5689],{"class":85},[67,90143,90144],{"class":73}," Total",[67,90146,1161],{"class":81},[67,90148,29802],{"class":85},[67,90150,90151,90153,90155,90157,90159,90161],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,90152,90137],{"class":73},[67,90154,1161],{"class":81},[67,90156,3182],{"class":85},[67,90158,90144],{"class":73},[67,90160,1161],{"class":81},[67,90162,2767],{"class":85},[67,90164,90165,90167,90169,90171,90173,90175],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,90166,90137],{"class":73},[67,90168,1161],{"class":81},[67,90170,2639],{"class":85},[67,90172,90144],{"class":73},[67,90174,1161],{"class":81},[67,90176,90177],{"class":85}," 6\n",[14,90179,90180,90181,114],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[45,90182,90184],{"href":90183},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[53,90186,1907],{"id":1906},[14,90188,90189,90190,114],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[17,90191,46630],{},[1109,90193,90195],{"id":90194},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,90197,90198],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[58,90200,90202],{"className":60,"code":90201,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(Hello)\n",[17,90203,90204],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90205,90206,90208,90210,90212],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90207,135],{"class":134},[67,90209,138],{"class":81},[67,90211,35052],{"class":117},[67,90213,144],{"class":81},[14,90215,9061,90216,90218],{},[17,90217,35052],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90220,10994],{},[58,90222,90224],{"className":60,"code":90223,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[17,90225,90226],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90227,90228,90230,90232,90234,90236,90238],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90229,135],{"class":134},[67,90231,138],{"class":81},[67,90233,240],{"class":239},[67,90235,35052],{"class":243},[67,90237,240],{"class":239},[67,90239,144],{"class":81},[1109,90241,8604,90243,90245],{"id":90242},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[17,90244,135],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90247,90248],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[58,90250,90252],{"className":60,"code":90251,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print \"Hello\"\n",[17,90253,90254],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90255,90256,90258,90260,90262],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90257,135],{"class":134},[67,90259,251],{"class":239},[67,90261,35052],{"class":243},[67,90263,3547],{"class":239},[14,90265,10994],{},[58,90267,90268],{"className":60,"code":90223,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,90269,90270],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90271,90272,90274,90276,90278,90280,90282],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90273,135],{"class":134},[67,90275,138],{"class":81},[67,90277,240],{"class":239},[67,90279,35052],{"class":243},[67,90281,240],{"class":239},[67,90283,144],{"class":81},[1109,90285,90287,90288],{"id":90286},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[17,90289,2248],{},[14,90291,90292,90293,114],{},"This causes a ",[17,90294,1519],{},[58,90296,90297],{"className":60,"code":89385,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,90298,90299,90307],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90300,90301,90303,90305],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90302,21817],{"class":73},[67,90304,78],{"class":77},[67,90306,2777],{"class":85},[67,90308,90309,90311,90313,90315,90317,90319,90321,90323],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,90310,135],{"class":134},[67,90312,138],{"class":81},[67,90314,240],{"class":239},[67,90316,89406],{"class":243},[67,90318,240],{"class":239},[67,90320,2642],{"class":77},[67,90322,9375],{"class":117},[67,90324,144],{"class":81},[14,90326,90327],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[58,90329,90331],{"className":60,"code":90330,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[17,90332,90333],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90334,90335,90337,90339,90341,90343,90345,90347,90349],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90336,135],{"class":134},[67,90338,138],{"class":81},[67,90340,240],{"class":239},[67,90342,89307],{"class":243},[67,90344,240],{"class":239},[67,90346,89],{"class":81},[67,90348,9375],{"class":117},[67,90350,144],{"class":81},[14,90352,90353],{},"Or convert the number first:",[58,90355,90357],{"className":60,"code":90356,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[17,90358,90359],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90360,90361,90363,90365,90367,90369,90371,90373,90375,90377,90379],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90362,135],{"class":134},[67,90364,138],{"class":81},[67,90366,240],{"class":239},[67,90368,89406],{"class":243},[67,90370,240],{"class":239},[67,90372,2642],{"class":77},[67,90374,49083],{"class":362},[67,90376,138],{"class":81},[67,90378,9486],{"class":117},[67,90380,1426],{"class":81},[14,90382,90383,90384,114],{},"If you see this error, read ",[45,90385,90387],{"href":90386},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1109,90389,1930,90391,90393],{"id":90390},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[17,90392,46630],{}," to return a value",[14,90395,90396,90397,35515,90400,1161],{},"This does not store ",[17,90398,90399],{},"\"Hello\"",[17,90401,2451],{},[58,90403,90405],{"className":60,"code":90404,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[17,90406,90407],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90408,90409,90411,90413,90415,90417,90419,90421,90423],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90410,2416],{"class":73},[67,90412,78],{"class":77},[67,90414,89910],{"class":134},[67,90416,138],{"class":81},[67,90418,240],{"class":239},[67,90420,35052],{"class":243},[67,90422,240],{"class":239},[67,90424,144],{"class":81},[14,90426,90427,90428,114],{},"It stores ",[17,90429,1103],{},[1109,90431,90433,90434,961,90436],{"id":90432},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[17,90435,89447],{},[17,90437,52838],{},[14,90439,85793],{},[25,90441,90442,90451],{},[28,90443,90444,90446,90447,90450],{},[17,90445,89447],{}," changes what goes ",[3934,90448,90449],{},"between"," multiple values",[28,90452,90453,90455,90456,90459],{},[17,90454,52838],{}," changes what appears ",[3934,90457,90458],{},"after"," the output",[53,90461,90463],{"id":90462},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90465,90466,90467,90469],{},"These simple ",[17,90468,46630],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[58,90471,90473],{"className":60,"code":90472,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[17,90474,90475,90495,90510],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90476,90477,90479,90481,90483,90486,90488,90490,90493],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90478,135],{"class":134},[67,90480,138],{"class":81},[67,90482,240],{"class":239},[67,90484,90485],{"class":243},"Debug:",[67,90487,240],{"class":239},[67,90489,89],{"class":81},[67,90491,90492],{"class":117}," variable_name",[67,90494,144],{"class":81},[67,90496,90497,90499,90501,90503,90505,90508],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,90498,135],{"class":134},[67,90500,138],{"class":81},[67,90502,2011],{"class":362},[67,90504,138],{"class":81},[67,90506,90507],{"class":117},"variable_name",[67,90509,1426],{"class":81},[67,90511,90512,90514,90516,90518],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,90513,32337],{"class":134},[67,90515,138],{"class":81},[67,90517,135],{"class":134},[67,90519,144],{"class":81},[14,90521,90522],{},"What they do:",[25,90524,90525,90531,90537],{},[28,90526,90527,90530],{},[17,90528,90529],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[28,90532,90533,90536],{},[17,90534,90535],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[28,90538,90539,90542,90543],{},[17,90540,90541],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[17,90544,46630],{},[53,90546,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,90548,12894,90550,90552],{"id":90549},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[17,90551,46630],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90554,90555,90556,90558,90559,36801],{},"Yes. By default, ",[17,90557,46630],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[17,90560,52838],{},[1109,90562,5359,90564,90566],{"id":90563},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[17,90565,46630],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90568,90569,90570,90572],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[17,90571,46630],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1109,90574,5347,90576,5350,90579,2681],{"id":90575},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[17,90577,90578],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[17,90580,1103],{},[14,90582,29248,90583,90585],{},[17,90584,46630],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1109,90587,90589],{"id":90588},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90591,90592],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[58,90594,90596],{"className":60,"code":90595,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[17,90597,90598],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90599,90600,90602,90604,90606,90608,90610,90612,90614],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90601,135],{"class":134},[67,90603,138],{"class":81},[67,90605,240],{"class":239},[67,90607,89307],{"class":243},[67,90609,240],{"class":239},[67,90611,89],{"class":81},[67,90613,6196],{"class":85},[67,90615,144],{"class":81},[14,90617,90618,90619,40108],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[17,90620,47862],{},[1109,90622,5369,90624,961,90626,2681],{"id":90623},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[17,90625,89447],{},[17,90627,52838],{},[25,90629,90630,90635],{},[28,90631,90632,90634],{},[17,90633,89447],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[28,90636,90637,90639],{},[17,90638,52838],{}," changes what appears after the output",[53,90641,2094],{"id":2093},[25,90643,90644,90648,90654,90660,90665,90670],{},[28,90645,90646],{},[45,90647,51154],{"href":51153},[28,90649,90650],{},[45,90651,3764,90652,3697],{"href":8407},[17,90653,3148],{},[28,90655,90656],{},[45,90657,3764,90658,3697],{"href":42355},[17,90659,47862],{},[28,90661,90662],{},[45,90663,90664],{"href":89673},"How to format strings in Python",[28,90666,90667],{},[45,90668,90669],{"href":90183},"How to debug Python code",[28,90671,90672],{},[45,90673,90387],{"href":90386},[2122,90675,90676],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":90678},[90679,90680,90682,90683,90689,90690,90691,90696,90702,90704,90706,90717,90718,90729],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":88851,"depth":103,"text":90681},"What print() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":89087,"depth":103,"text":89088,"children":90684},[90685,90686,90687,90688],{"id":89096,"depth":124,"text":89097},{"id":89137,"depth":124,"text":89138},{"id":89169,"depth":124,"text":89170},{"id":89196,"depth":124,"text":89197},{"id":89238,"depth":103,"text":89239},{"id":89434,"depth":103,"text":89435},{"id":89474,"depth":103,"text":90692,"children":90693},"sep argument",[90694,90695],{"id":89487,"depth":124,"text":89488},{"id":89537,"depth":124,"text":89538},{"id":89677,"depth":103,"text":90697,"children":90698},"end argument",[90699,90700,90701],{"id":89691,"depth":124,"text":89488},{"id":89744,"depth":124,"text":89745},{"id":89800,"depth":124,"text":89801},{"id":89884,"depth":103,"text":90703},"print() returns None",{"id":90021,"depth":103,"text":90705},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":90707},[90708,90709,90711,90713,90715],{"id":90194,"depth":124,"text":90195},{"id":90242,"depth":124,"text":90710},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90286,"depth":124,"text":90712},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90390,"depth":124,"text":90714},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90432,"depth":124,"text":90716},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90462,"depth":103,"text":90463},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":90719},[90720,90722,90724,90726,90727],{"id":90549,"depth":124,"text":90721},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90563,"depth":124,"text":90723},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90575,"depth":124,"text":90725},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90588,"depth":124,"text":90589},{"id":90623,"depth":124,"text":90728},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88734,"description":90730},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90737,"title":90738,"body":90739,"description":93043,"extension":2153,"meta":93044,"navigation":127,"path":93045,"seo":93046,"stem":93047,"__hash__":93048},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90740,"toc":92989},[90741,90746,90751,90764,90766,90831,90842,90847,90852,90854,90877,90880,90911,90913,90930,90935,90941,90946,90995,90998,91015,91021,91026,91049,91051,91079,91085,91093,91120,91122,91147,91153,91156,91187,91189,91218,91222,91225,91230,91252,91254,91282,91288,91294,91320,91322,91346,91352,91358,91388,91390,91418,91428,91432,91438,91471,91473,91502,91505,91508,91541,91543,91551,91557,91559,91582,91587,91596,91601,91615,91617,91657,91659,91689,91693,91728,91734,91738,91782,91784,91814,91820,91823,91902,91904,91926,91934,91937,92000,92008,92083,92089,92096,92101,92106,92129,92131,92152,92154,92167,92169,92216,92218,92257,92266,92268,92272,92276,92279,92306,92309,92338,92341,92365,92368,92376,92382,92404,92406,92434,92438,92443,92498,92503,92505,92562,92569,92578,92581,92613,92615,92623,92626,92632,92634,92657,92660,92666,92669,92688,92690,92709,92712,92734,92736,92764,92768,92772,92877,92879,92892,92894,92900,92903,92911,92916,92922,92928,92933,92941,92947,92954,92956,92986],[10,90742,3764,90744,3768],{"id":90743},"python-range-function-explained",[17,90745,36380],{},[14,90747,32502,90748,90750],{},[17,90749,36380],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90752,90753,90754,90756,90757,90759,90760,90763],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[17,90755,6150],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[17,90758,36380],{}," stops ",[3934,90761,90762],{},"before"," the end value.",[53,90765,56],{"id":55},[58,90767,90769],{"className":60,"code":90768,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[17,90770,90771,90787,90797,90801,90806,90811,90816,90821,90826],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90772,90773,90775,90777,90779,90781,90783,90785],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90774,6150],{"class":1167},[67,90776,69713],{"class":73},[67,90778,4074],{"class":1167},[67,90780,54245],{"class":134},[67,90782,138],{"class":81},[67,90784,1308],{"class":85},[67,90786,1407],{"class":81},[67,90788,90789,90791,90793,90795],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,90790,1228],{"class":134},[67,90792,138],{"class":81},[67,90794,36336],{"class":117},[67,90796,144],{"class":81},[67,90798,90799],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,90800,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,90802,90803],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,90804,90805],{"class":3852},"# Output:\n",[67,90807,90808],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,90809,90810],{"class":3852},"# 0\n",[67,90812,90813],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,90814,90815],{"class":3852},"# 1\n",[67,90817,90818],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,90819,90820],{"class":3852},"# 2\n",[67,90822,90823],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,90824,90825],{"class":3852},"# 3\n",[67,90827,90828],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,90829,90830],{"class":3852},"# 4\n",[14,90832,90833,90836,90837,90839,90840,114],{},[17,90834,90835],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[17,90838,1031],{}," and stopping before ",[17,90841,1308],{},[53,90843,3867,90845,3870],{"id":90844},"what-range-does",[17,90846,36380],{},[14,90848,90849,90851],{},[17,90850,36380],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90853,13241],{},[25,90855,90856,90861,90867,90872],{},[28,90857,90858,90860],{},[17,90859,36380],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[28,90862,90863,90864,90866],{},"It is commonly used with ",[17,90865,6150],{}," loops",[28,90868,90869,90870],{},"The stop value is ",[3934,90871,65237],{},[28,90873,17610,90874,90876],{},[17,90875,60167],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90878,90879],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[58,90881,90883],{"className":60,"code":90882,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[17,90884,90885,90901],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90886,90887,90889,90891,90893,90895,90897,90899],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90888,6150],{"class":1167},[67,90890,6579],{"class":73},[67,90892,4074],{"class":1167},[67,90894,54245],{"class":134},[67,90896,138],{"class":81},[67,90898,2251],{"class":85},[67,90900,1407],{"class":81},[67,90902,90903,90905,90907,90909],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,90904,1228],{"class":134},[67,90906,138],{"class":81},[67,90908,2426],{"class":117},[67,90910,144],{"class":81},[14,90912,159],{},[58,90914,90916],{"className":60,"code":90915,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"0\n1\n2\n",[17,90917,90918,90922,90926],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90919,90920],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90921,47430],{"class":85},[67,90923,90924],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,90925,47095],{"class":85},[67,90927,90928],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,90929,17244],{"class":85},[14,90931,90932,90933,114],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[45,90934,36212],{"href":36211},[53,90936,90938,90940],{"id":90937},"range-syntax",[17,90939,36380],{}," syntax",[14,90942,90943,90945],{},[17,90944,36380],{}," has three common forms:",[58,90947,90949],{"className":60,"code":90948,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[17,90950,90951,90961,90976],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,90952,90953,90955,90957,90959],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,90954,60167],{"class":134},[67,90956,138],{"class":81},[67,90958,75407],{"class":117},[67,90960,144],{"class":81},[67,90962,90963,90965,90967,90969,90971,90974],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,90964,60167],{"class":134},[67,90966,138],{"class":81},[67,90968,36256],{"class":117},[67,90970,89],{"class":81},[67,90972,90973],{"class":117}," stop",[67,90975,144],{"class":81},[67,90977,90978,90980,90982,90984,90986,90988,90990,90993],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,90979,60167],{"class":134},[67,90981,138],{"class":81},[67,90983,36256],{"class":117},[67,90985,89],{"class":81},[67,90987,90973],{"class":117},[67,90989,89],{"class":81},[67,90991,90992],{"class":117}," step",[67,90994,144],{"class":81},[14,90996,90997],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[25,90999,91000,91005,91010],{},[28,91001,91002,91004],{},[17,91003,36256],{}," = first number",[28,91006,91007,91009],{},[17,91008,75407],{}," = end limit, not included",[28,91011,91012,91014],{},[17,91013,75410],{}," = amount to move each time",[1109,91016,91018],{"id":91017},"rangestop",[17,91019,91020],{},"range(stop)",[14,91022,91023,91024,114],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[17,91025,1031],{},[58,91027,91029],{"className":60,"code":91028,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[17,91030,91031],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91032,91033,91035,91037,91039,91041,91043,91045,91047],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91034,135],{"class":134},[67,91036,138],{"class":81},[67,91038,363],{"class":362},[67,91040,138],{"class":81},[67,91042,60167],{"class":134},[67,91044,138],{"class":81},[67,91046,1308],{"class":85},[67,91048,3102],{"class":81},[14,91050,159],{},[58,91052,91053],{"className":60,"code":60190,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,91054,91055],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91056,91057,91059,91061,91063,91065,91067,91069,91071,91073,91075,91077],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91058,174],{"class":81},[67,91060,1031],{"class":85},[67,91062,89],{"class":81},[67,91064,5689],{"class":85},[67,91066,89],{"class":81},[67,91068,3182],{"class":85},[67,91070,89],{"class":81},[67,91072,2639],{"class":85},[67,91074,89],{"class":81},[67,91076,2645],{"class":85},[67,91078,100],{"class":81},[1109,91080,91082],{"id":91081},"rangestart-stop",[17,91083,91084],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,91086,91087,91088,91090,91091,114],{},"This starts at ",[17,91089,36256],{}," and stops before ",[17,91092,75407],{},[58,91094,91096],{"className":60,"code":91095,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[17,91097,91098],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91099,91100,91102,91104,91106,91108,91110,91112,91114,91116,91118],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91101,135],{"class":134},[67,91103,138],{"class":81},[67,91105,363],{"class":362},[67,91107,138],{"class":81},[67,91109,60167],{"class":134},[67,91111,138],{"class":81},[67,91113,2245],{"class":85},[67,91115,89],{"class":81},[67,91117,37823],{"class":85},[67,91119,3102],{"class":81},[14,91121,159],{},[58,91123,91125],{"className":60,"code":91124,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[17,91126,91127],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91128,91129,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91130,174],{"class":81},[67,91132,2245],{"class":85},[67,91134,89],{"class":81},[67,91136,2639],{"class":85},[67,91138,89],{"class":81},[67,91140,2645],{"class":85},[67,91142,89],{"class":81},[67,91144,4794],{"class":85},[67,91146,100],{"class":81},[1109,91148,91150],{"id":91149},"rangestart-stop-step",[17,91151,91152],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,91154,91155],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[58,91157,91159],{"className":60,"code":91158,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[17,91160,91161],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91162,91163,91165,91167,91169,91171,91173,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91164,135],{"class":134},[67,91166,138],{"class":81},[67,91168,363],{"class":362},[67,91170,138],{"class":81},[67,91172,60167],{"class":134},[67,91174,138],{"class":81},[67,91176,464],{"class":85},[67,91178,89],{"class":81},[67,91180,6196],{"class":85},[67,91182,89],{"class":81},[67,91184,3182],{"class":85},[67,91186,3102],{"class":81},[14,91188,159],{},[58,91190,91192],{"className":60,"code":91191,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[17,91193,91194],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91195,91196,91198,91200,91202,91204,91206,91208,91210,91212,91214,91216],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91197,174],{"class":81},[67,91199,464],{"class":85},[67,91201,89],{"class":81},[67,91203,2639],{"class":85},[67,91205,89],{"class":81},[67,91207,4794],{"class":85},[67,91209,89],{"class":81},[67,91211,6185],{"class":85},[67,91213,89],{"class":81},[67,91215,54311],{"class":85},[67,91217,100],{"class":81},[53,91219,91221],{"id":91220},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91223,91224],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1109,91226,91228],{"id":91227},"range5",[17,91229,90835],{},[58,91231,91232],{"className":60,"code":91028,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,91233,91234],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91235,91236,91238,91240,91242,91244,91246,91248,91250],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91237,135],{"class":134},[67,91239,138],{"class":81},[67,91241,363],{"class":362},[67,91243,138],{"class":81},[67,91245,60167],{"class":134},[67,91247,138],{"class":81},[67,91249,1308],{"class":85},[67,91251,3102],{"class":81},[14,91253,159],{},[58,91255,91256],{"className":60,"code":60190,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,91257,91258],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91259,91260,91262,91264,91266,91268,91270,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91261,174],{"class":81},[67,91263,1031],{"class":85},[67,91265,89],{"class":81},[67,91267,5689],{"class":85},[67,91269,89],{"class":81},[67,91271,3182],{"class":85},[67,91273,89],{"class":81},[67,91275,2639],{"class":85},[67,91277,89],{"class":81},[67,91279,2645],{"class":85},[67,91281,100],{"class":81},[14,91283,91087,91284,91090,91286,114],{},[17,91285,1031],{},[17,91287,1308],{},[1109,91289,91291],{"id":91290},"range2-6",[17,91292,91293],{},"range(2, 6)",[58,91295,91296],{"className":60,"code":91095,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,91297,91298],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91299,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314,91316,91318],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91301,135],{"class":134},[67,91303,138],{"class":81},[67,91305,363],{"class":362},[67,91307,138],{"class":81},[67,91309,60167],{"class":134},[67,91311,138],{"class":81},[67,91313,2245],{"class":85},[67,91315,89],{"class":81},[67,91317,37823],{"class":85},[67,91319,3102],{"class":81},[14,91321,159],{},[58,91323,91324],{"className":60,"code":91124,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,91325,91326],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91327,91328,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91329,174],{"class":81},[67,91331,2245],{"class":85},[67,91333,89],{"class":81},[67,91335,2639],{"class":85},[67,91337,89],{"class":81},[67,91339,2645],{"class":85},[67,91341,89],{"class":81},[67,91343,4794],{"class":85},[67,91345,100],{"class":81},[14,91347,91087,91348,91090,91350,114],{},[17,91349,2245],{},[17,91351,80575],{},[1109,91353,91355],{"id":91354},"range1-10-2",[17,91356,91357],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[58,91359,91360],{"className":60,"code":91158,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,91361,91362],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91363,91364,91366,91368,91370,91372,91374,91376,91378,91380,91382,91384,91386],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91365,135],{"class":134},[67,91367,138],{"class":81},[67,91369,363],{"class":362},[67,91371,138],{"class":81},[67,91373,60167],{"class":134},[67,91375,138],{"class":81},[67,91377,464],{"class":85},[67,91379,89],{"class":81},[67,91381,6196],{"class":85},[67,91383,89],{"class":81},[67,91385,3182],{"class":85},[67,91387,3102],{"class":81},[14,91389,159],{},[58,91391,91392],{"className":60,"code":91191,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,91393,91394],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91395,91396,91398,91400,91402,91404,91406,91408,91410,91412,91414,91416],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91397,174],{"class":81},[67,91399,464],{"class":85},[67,91401,89],{"class":81},[67,91403,2639],{"class":85},[67,91405,89],{"class":81},[67,91407,4794],{"class":85},[67,91409,89],{"class":81},[67,91411,6185],{"class":85},[67,91413,89],{"class":81},[67,91415,54311],{"class":85},[67,91417,100],{"class":81},[14,91419,91420,91421,91423,91424,61470,91426,114],{},"This moves by ",[17,91422,2245],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[17,91425,464],{},[17,91427,2332],{},[1109,91429,91431],{"id":91430},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91433,91434,91435,91437],{},"A negative step makes ",[17,91436,36380],{}," count backward.",[58,91439,91441],{"className":60,"code":91440,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[17,91442,91443],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91444,91445,91447,91449,91451,91453,91455,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91446,135],{"class":134},[67,91448,138],{"class":81},[67,91450,363],{"class":362},[67,91452,138],{"class":81},[67,91454,60167],{"class":134},[67,91456,138],{"class":81},[67,91458,1308],{"class":85},[67,91460,89],{"class":81},[67,91462,1388],{"class":85},[67,91464,89],{"class":81},[67,91466,2408],{"class":77},[67,91468,464],{"class":85},[67,91470,3102],{"class":81},[14,91472,159],{},[58,91474,91476],{"className":60,"code":91475,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[17,91477,91478],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91479,91480,91482,91484,91486,91488,91490,91492,91494,91496,91498,91500],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91481,174],{"class":81},[67,91483,1308],{"class":85},[67,91485,89],{"class":81},[67,91487,2645],{"class":85},[67,91489,89],{"class":81},[67,91491,2639],{"class":85},[67,91493,89],{"class":81},[67,91495,3182],{"class":85},[67,91497,89],{"class":81},[67,91499,5689],{"class":85},[67,91501,100],{"class":81},[14,91503,91504],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91506,91507],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[58,91509,91511],{"className":60,"code":91510,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[17,91512,91513],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91514,91515,91517,91519,91521,91523,91525,91527,91529,91531,91533,91535,91537,91539],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91516,135],{"class":134},[67,91518,138],{"class":81},[67,91520,363],{"class":362},[67,91522,138],{"class":81},[67,91524,60167],{"class":134},[67,91526,138],{"class":81},[67,91528,464],{"class":85},[67,91530,89],{"class":81},[67,91532,4794],{"class":85},[67,91534,89],{"class":81},[67,91536,2408],{"class":77},[67,91538,464],{"class":85},[67,91540,3102],{"class":81},[14,91542,159],{},[58,91544,91545],{"className":60,"code":38477,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,91546,91547],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91548,91549],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91550,38477],{"class":81},[1109,91552,91553,76570,91555],{"id":76794},[17,91554,75410],{},[17,91556,1031],{},[14,91558,3026],{},[58,91560,91562],{"className":60,"code":91561,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[17,91563,91564],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91565,91566,91568,91570,91572,91574,91576,91578,91580],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91567,60167],{"class":134},[67,91569,138],{"class":81},[67,91571,464],{"class":85},[67,91573,89],{"class":81},[67,91575,4794],{"class":85},[67,91577,89],{"class":81},[67,91579,1388],{"class":85},[67,91581,144],{"class":81},[14,91583,76839,91584,91586],{},[17,91585,40883],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[53,91588,8604,91590,91592,91593,91595],{"id":91589},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[17,91591,36380],{}," in a ",[17,91594,6150],{}," loop",[14,91597,91598,91600],{},[17,91599,36380],{}," is most useful when:",[25,91602,91603,91606,91609],{},[28,91604,91605],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[28,91607,91608],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[28,91610,91611,91612],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[17,91613,91614],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91616,222],{},[58,91618,91620],{"className":60,"code":91619,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[17,91621,91622,91638],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91623,91624,91626,91628,91630,91632,91634,91636],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91625,6150],{"class":1167},[67,91627,69713],{"class":73},[67,91629,4074],{"class":1167},[67,91631,54245],{"class":134},[67,91633,138],{"class":81},[67,91635,2251],{"class":85},[67,91637,1407],{"class":81},[67,91639,91640,91642,91644,91646,91649,91651,91653,91655],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,91641,1228],{"class":134},[67,91643,138],{"class":81},[67,91645,240],{"class":239},[67,91647,91648],{"class":243},"Loop number:",[67,91650,240],{"class":239},[67,91652,89],{"class":81},[67,91654,36312],{"class":117},[67,91656,144],{"class":81},[14,91658,159],{},[58,91660,91662],{"className":60,"code":91661,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[17,91663,91664,91673,91681],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91665,91666,91669,91671],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91667,91668],{"class":73},"Loop number",[67,91670,1161],{"class":81},[67,91672,38692],{"class":85},[67,91674,91675,91677,91679],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,91676,91668],{"class":73},[67,91678,1161],{"class":81},[67,91680,29802],{"class":85},[67,91682,91683,91685,91687],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,91684,91668],{"class":73},[67,91686,1161],{"class":81},[67,91688,1377],{"class":85},[1109,91690,91692],{"id":91691},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[58,91694,91696],{"className":60,"code":91695,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[17,91697,91698,91714],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91699,91700,91702,91704,91706,91708,91710,91712],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91701,6150],{"class":1167},[67,91703,69713],{"class":73},[67,91705,4074],{"class":1167},[67,91707,54245],{"class":134},[67,91709,138],{"class":81},[67,91711,1308],{"class":85},[67,91713,1407],{"class":81},[67,91715,91716,91718,91720,91722,91724,91726],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,91717,1228],{"class":134},[67,91719,138],{"class":81},[67,91721,240],{"class":239},[67,91723,35052],{"class":243},[67,91725,240],{"class":239},[67,91727,144],{"class":81},[14,91729,91730,91731,91733],{},"This prints ",[17,91732,90399],{}," five times.",[1109,91735,91737],{"id":91736},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[58,91739,91741],{"className":60,"code":91740,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[17,91742,91743,91763],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91744,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759,91761],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91746,6150],{"class":1167},[67,91748,69713],{"class":73},[67,91750,4074],{"class":1167},[67,91752,54245],{"class":134},[67,91754,138],{"class":81},[67,91756,464],{"class":85},[67,91758,89],{"class":81},[67,91760,2645],{"class":85},[67,91762,1407],{"class":81},[67,91764,91765,91767,91769,91771,91774,91776,91778,91780],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,91766,1228],{"class":134},[67,91768,138],{"class":81},[67,91770,240],{"class":239},[67,91772,91773],{"class":243},"Current number is",[67,91775,240],{"class":239},[67,91777,89],{"class":81},[67,91779,36312],{"class":117},[67,91781,144],{"class":81},[14,91783,159],{},[58,91785,91787],{"className":60,"code":91786,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[17,91788,91789,91798,91806],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91790,91791,91794,91796],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91792,91793],{"class":73},"Current number ",[67,91795,12383],{"class":77},[67,91797,29802],{"class":85},[67,91799,91800,91802,91804],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,91801,91793],{"class":73},[67,91803,12383],{"class":77},[67,91805,1377],{"class":85},[67,91807,91808,91810,91812],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,91809,91793],{"class":73},[67,91811,12383],{"class":77},[67,91813,2767],{"class":85},[1109,91815,91817,91819],{"id":91816},"range-and-indexing",[17,91818,36380],{}," and indexing",[14,91821,91822],{},"You may see code like this:",[58,91824,91826],{"className":60,"code":91825,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[17,91827,91828,91860,91864,91884],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91829,91830,91832,91834,91836,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846,91848,91850,91852,91854,91856,91858],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91831,1131],{"class":73},[67,91833,78],{"class":77},[67,91835,82],{"class":81},[67,91837,240],{"class":239},[67,91839,45],{"class":243},[67,91841,240],{"class":239},[67,91843,89],{"class":81},[67,91845,251],{"class":239},[67,91847,428],{"class":243},[67,91849,240],{"class":239},[67,91851,89],{"class":81},[67,91853,251],{"class":239},[67,91855,437],{"class":243},[67,91857,240],{"class":239},[67,91859,100],{"class":81},[67,91861,91862],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,91863,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,91865,91866,91868,91870,91872,91874,91876,91878,91880,91882],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,91867,6150],{"class":1167},[67,91869,69713],{"class":73},[67,91871,4074],{"class":1167},[67,91873,54245],{"class":134},[67,91875,138],{"class":81},[67,91877,1964],{"class":134},[67,91879,138],{"class":81},[67,91881,1141],{"class":117},[67,91883,69728],{"class":81},[67,91885,91886,91888,91890,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,91887,1228],{"class":134},[67,91889,138],{"class":81},[67,91891,36336],{"class":117},[67,91893,89],{"class":81},[67,91895,1220],{"class":117},[67,91897,174],{"class":81},[67,91899,36336],{"class":117},[67,91901,376],{"class":81},[14,91903,159],{},[58,91905,91906],{"className":60,"code":36348,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,91907,91908,91914,91920],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91909,91910,91912],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91911,1031],{"class":85},[67,91913,36357],{"class":73},[67,91915,91916,91918],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,91917,464],{"class":85},[67,91919,36364],{"class":73},[67,91921,91922,91924],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,91923,2245],{"class":85},[67,91925,36371],{"class":73},[14,91927,91928,91929,91933],{},"This works, and it uses ",[45,91930,91931],{"href":42538},[17,91932,1339],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,91935,91936],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[58,91938,91940],{"className":60,"code":91939,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[17,91941,91942,91974,91978,91990],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,91943,91944,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954,91956,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,91945,1131],{"class":73},[67,91947,78],{"class":77},[67,91949,82],{"class":81},[67,91951,240],{"class":239},[67,91953,45],{"class":243},[67,91955,240],{"class":239},[67,91957,89],{"class":81},[67,91959,251],{"class":239},[67,91961,428],{"class":243},[67,91963,240],{"class":239},[67,91965,89],{"class":81},[67,91967,251],{"class":239},[67,91969,437],{"class":243},[67,91971,240],{"class":239},[67,91973,100],{"class":81},[67,91975,91976],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,91977,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,91979,91980,91982,91984,91986,91988],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,91981,6150],{"class":1167},[67,91983,6153],{"class":73},[67,91985,4074],{"class":1167},[67,91987,1220],{"class":73},[67,91989,1223],{"class":81},[67,91991,91992,91994,91996,91998],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,91993,1228],{"class":134},[67,91995,138],{"class":81},[67,91997,479],{"class":117},[67,91999,144],{"class":81},[14,92001,36772,92002,92007],{},[45,92003,92005],{"href":92004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[17,92006,35935],{}," is usually a better choice:",[58,92009,92011],{"className":60,"code":92010,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[17,92012,92013,92045,92049,92069],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92014,92015,92017,92019,92021,92023,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033,92035,92037,92039,92041,92043],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92016,1131],{"class":73},[67,92018,78],{"class":77},[67,92020,82],{"class":81},[67,92022,240],{"class":239},[67,92024,45],{"class":243},[67,92026,240],{"class":239},[67,92028,89],{"class":81},[67,92030,251],{"class":239},[67,92032,428],{"class":243},[67,92034,240],{"class":239},[67,92036,89],{"class":81},[67,92038,251],{"class":239},[67,92040,437],{"class":243},[67,92042,240],{"class":239},[67,92044,100],{"class":81},[67,92046,92047],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,92048,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,92050,92051,92053,92055,92057,92059,92061,92063,92065,92067],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,92052,6150],{"class":1167},[67,92054,36007],{"class":73},[67,92056,89],{"class":81},[67,92058,6153],{"class":73},[67,92060,4074],{"class":1167},[67,92062,36017],{"class":134},[67,92064,138],{"class":81},[67,92066,1141],{"class":117},[67,92068,1407],{"class":81},[67,92070,92071,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,92072,1228],{"class":134},[67,92074,138],{"class":81},[67,92076,373],{"class":117},[67,92078,89],{"class":81},[67,92080,29694],{"class":117},[67,92082,144],{"class":81},[14,92084,79099,92085,114],{},[45,92086,36785,92087,36788],{"href":36784},[17,92088,35935],{},[53,92090,92092,92093,92095],{"id":92091},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[17,92094,36380],{}," to a list",[14,92097,92098,92100],{},[17,92099,36380],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,92102,92103,92104,1161],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[17,92105,24969],{},[58,92107,92109],{"className":60,"code":92108,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[17,92110,92111],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92112,92113,92115,92117,92119,92121,92123,92125,92127],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92114,135],{"class":134},[67,92116,138],{"class":81},[67,92118,363],{"class":362},[67,92120,138],{"class":81},[67,92122,60167],{"class":134},[67,92124,138],{"class":81},[67,92126,2251],{"class":85},[67,92128,3102],{"class":81},[14,92130,159],{},[58,92132,92134],{"className":60,"code":92133,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[17,92135,92136],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92137,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92139,174],{"class":81},[67,92141,1031],{"class":85},[67,92143,89],{"class":81},[67,92145,5689],{"class":85},[67,92147,89],{"class":81},[67,92149,3182],{"class":85},[67,92151,100],{"class":81},[14,92153,33496],{},[25,92155,92156,92161,92164],{},[28,92157,92158,92159,42265],{},"learning how ",[17,92160,36380],{},[28,92162,92163],{},"checking your values",[28,92165,92166],{},"debugging code",[14,92168,5663],{},[58,92170,92172],{"className":60,"code":92171,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[17,92173,92174,92188,92192,92202],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92175,92176,92178,92180,92182,92184,92186],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92177,74],{"class":73},[67,92179,78],{"class":77},[67,92181,54245],{"class":134},[67,92183,138],{"class":81},[67,92185,2694],{"class":85},[67,92187,144],{"class":81},[67,92189,92190],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,92191,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,92193,92194,92196,92198,92200],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,92195,135],{"class":134},[67,92197,138],{"class":81},[67,92199,154],{"class":117},[67,92201,144],{"class":81},[67,92203,92204,92206,92208,92210,92212,92214],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,92205,135],{"class":134},[67,92207,138],{"class":81},[67,92209,363],{"class":362},[67,92211,138],{"class":81},[67,92213,154],{"class":117},[67,92215,1426],{"class":81},[14,92217,159],{},[58,92219,92221],{"className":60,"code":92220,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[17,92222,92223,92237],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92224,92225,92227,92229,92231,92233,92235],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92226,60167],{"class":134},[67,92228,138],{"class":81},[67,92230,1031],{"class":85},[67,92232,89],{"class":81},[67,92234,2645],{"class":85},[67,92236,144],{"class":81},[67,92238,92239,92241,92243,92245,92247,92249,92251,92253,92255],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,92240,174],{"class":81},[67,92242,1031],{"class":85},[67,92244,89],{"class":81},[67,92246,5689],{"class":85},[67,92248,89],{"class":81},[67,92250,3182],{"class":85},[67,92252,89],{"class":81},[67,92254,2639],{"class":85},[67,92256,100],{"class":81},[14,92258,92259,92260,10773,92262,92265],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[17,92261,60167],{},[17,92263,92264],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[53,92267,4707],{"id":4706},[14,92269,33725,92270,114],{},[17,92271,36380],{},[1109,92273,92275],{"id":92274},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92277,92278],{},"Many beginners think this:",[58,92280,92282],{"className":60,"code":92281,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[17,92283,92284],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92285,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300,92302,92304],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92287,135],{"class":134},[67,92289,138],{"class":81},[67,92291,363],{"class":362},[67,92293,138],{"class":81},[67,92295,60167],{"class":134},[67,92297,138],{"class":81},[67,92299,464],{"class":85},[67,92301,89],{"class":81},[67,92303,4794],{"class":85},[67,92305,3102],{"class":81},[14,92307,92308],{},"will produce:",[58,92310,92312],{"className":60,"code":92311,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[17,92313,92314],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92315,92316,92318,92320,92322,92324,92326,92328,92330,92332,92334,92336],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92317,174],{"class":81},[67,92319,464],{"class":85},[67,92321,89],{"class":81},[67,92323,3182],{"class":85},[67,92325,89],{"class":81},[67,92327,2639],{"class":85},[67,92329,89],{"class":81},[67,92331,2645],{"class":85},[67,92333,89],{"class":81},[67,92335,4794],{"class":85},[67,92337,100],{"class":81},[14,92339,92340],{},"But the real output is:",[58,92342,92343],{"className":60,"code":53680,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,92344,92345],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92346,92347,92349,92351,92353,92355,92357,92359,92361,92363],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92348,174],{"class":81},[67,92350,464],{"class":85},[67,92352,89],{"class":81},[67,92354,3182],{"class":85},[67,92356,89],{"class":81},[67,92358,2639],{"class":85},[67,92360,89],{"class":81},[67,92362,2645],{"class":85},[67,92364,100],{"class":81},[14,92366,92367],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1109,92369,4768,92371,92373,92374],{"id":92370},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[17,92372,90835],{}," starts at ",[17,92375,464],{},[14,92377,37647,92378,19151,92380,114],{},[17,92379,1031],{},[17,92381,464],{},[58,92383,92384],{"className":60,"code":91028,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,92385,92386],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92387,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398,92400,92402],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92389,135],{"class":134},[67,92391,138],{"class":81},[67,92393,363],{"class":362},[67,92395,138],{"class":81},[67,92397,60167],{"class":134},[67,92399,138],{"class":81},[67,92401,1308],{"class":85},[67,92403,3102],{"class":81},[14,92405,159],{},[58,92407,92408],{"className":60,"code":60190,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,92409,92410],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92411,92412,92414,92416,92418,92420,92422,92424,92426,92428,92430,92432],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92413,174],{"class":81},[67,92415,1031],{"class":85},[67,92417,89],{"class":81},[67,92419,5689],{"class":85},[67,92421,89],{"class":81},[67,92423,3182],{"class":85},[67,92425,89],{"class":81},[67,92427,2639],{"class":85},[67,92429,89],{"class":81},[67,92431,2645],{"class":85},[67,92433,100],{"class":81},[1109,92435,92437],{"id":92436},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92439,92440,92441,1161],{},"This often happens with ",[17,92442,3148],{},[58,92444,92446],{"className":60,"code":92445,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[17,92447,92448,92467,92471,92488],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92449,92450,92453,92455,92457,92459,92461,92463,92465],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92451,92452],{"class":73},"user_number ",[67,92454,78],{"class":77},[67,92456,8430],{"class":134},[67,92458,138],{"class":81},[67,92460,240],{"class":239},[67,92462,42051],{"class":243},[67,92464,240],{"class":239},[67,92466,144],{"class":81},[67,92468,92469],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,92470,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,92472,92473,92475,92477,92479,92481,92483,92486],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,92474,6150],{"class":1167},[67,92476,69713],{"class":73},[67,92478,4074],{"class":1167},[67,92480,54245],{"class":134},[67,92482,138],{"class":81},[67,92484,92485],{"class":117},"user_number",[67,92487,1407],{"class":81},[67,92489,92490,92492,92494,92496],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,92491,1228],{"class":134},[67,92493,138],{"class":81},[67,92495,36336],{"class":117},[67,92497,144],{"class":81},[14,92499,48689,92500,92502],{},[17,92501,3148],{}," returns a string.",[14,92504,10994],{},[58,92506,92508],{"className":60,"code":92507,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[17,92509,92510,92532,92536,92552],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92511,92512,92514,92516,92518,92520,92522,92524,92526,92528,92530],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92513,92452],{"class":73},[67,92515,78],{"class":77},[67,92517,1592],{"class":362},[67,92519,138],{"class":81},[67,92521,42642],{"class":134},[67,92523,138],{"class":81},[67,92525,240],{"class":239},[67,92527,42051],{"class":243},[67,92529,240],{"class":239},[67,92531,1426],{"class":81},[67,92533,92534],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,92535,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,92537,92538,92540,92542,92544,92546,92548,92550],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,92539,6150],{"class":1167},[67,92541,69713],{"class":73},[67,92543,4074],{"class":1167},[67,92545,54245],{"class":134},[67,92547,138],{"class":81},[67,92549,92485],{"class":117},[67,92551,1407],{"class":81},[67,92553,92554,92556,92558,92560],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,92555,1228],{"class":134},[67,92557,138],{"class":81},[67,92559,36336],{"class":117},[67,92561,144],{"class":81},[14,92563,92564,92565,114],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[45,92566,50701,92567],{"href":50700},[17,92568,50704],{},[1109,92570,92572,92573,92575,92576],{"id":92571},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[17,92574,36256],{}," smaller than ",[17,92577,75407],{},[14,92579,92580],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[58,92582,92583],{"className":60,"code":91510,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,92584,92585],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92586,92587,92589,92591,92593,92595,92597,92599,92601,92603,92605,92607,92609,92611],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92588,135],{"class":134},[67,92590,138],{"class":81},[67,92592,363],{"class":362},[67,92594,138],{"class":81},[67,92596,60167],{"class":134},[67,92598,138],{"class":81},[67,92600,464],{"class":85},[67,92602,89],{"class":81},[67,92604,4794],{"class":85},[67,92606,89],{"class":81},[67,92608,2408],{"class":77},[67,92610,464],{"class":85},[67,92612,3102],{"class":81},[14,92614,159],{},[58,92616,92617],{"className":60,"code":38477,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,92618,92619],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92620,92621],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92622,38477],{"class":81},[14,92624,92625],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1109,92627,25805,92629],{"id":92628},"trying-to-use-step-0",[17,92630,92631],{},"step = 0",[14,92633,77550],{},[58,92635,92637],{"className":60,"code":92636,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[17,92638,92639],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92640,92641,92643,92645,92647,92649,92651,92653,92655],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92642,60167],{"class":134},[67,92644,138],{"class":81},[67,92646,464],{"class":85},[67,92648,89],{"class":81},[67,92650,6196],{"class":85},[67,92652,89],{"class":81},[67,92654,1388],{"class":85},[67,92656,144],{"class":81},[14,92658,92659],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1109,92661,4894,92663,92665],{"id":92662},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[17,92664,36380],{}," is not a list",[14,92667,92668],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[58,92670,92672],{"className":60,"code":92671,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(range(5))\n",[17,92673,92674],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92675,92676,92678,92680,92682,92684,92686],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92677,135],{"class":134},[67,92679,138],{"class":81},[67,92681,60167],{"class":134},[67,92683,138],{"class":81},[67,92685,1308],{"class":85},[67,92687,1426],{"class":81},[14,92689,159],{},[58,92691,92693],{"className":60,"code":92692,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"range(0, 5)\n",[17,92694,92695],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92696,92697,92699,92701,92703,92705,92707],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92698,60167],{"class":134},[67,92700,138],{"class":81},[67,92702,1031],{"class":85},[67,92704,89],{"class":81},[67,92706,4794],{"class":85},[67,92708,144],{"class":81},[14,92710,92711],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[58,92713,92714],{"className":60,"code":91028,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,92715,92716],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92717,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726,92728,92730,92732],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92719,135],{"class":134},[67,92721,138],{"class":81},[67,92723,363],{"class":362},[67,92725,138],{"class":81},[67,92727,60167],{"class":134},[67,92729,138],{"class":81},[67,92731,1308],{"class":85},[67,92733,3102],{"class":81},[14,92735,159],{},[58,92737,92738],{"className":60,"code":60190,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,92739,92740],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92741,92742,92744,92746,92748,92750,92752,92754,92756,92758,92760,92762],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92743,174],{"class":81},[67,92745,1031],{"class":85},[67,92747,89],{"class":81},[67,92749,5689],{"class":85},[67,92751,89],{"class":81},[67,92753,3182],{"class":85},[67,92755,89],{"class":81},[67,92757,2639],{"class":85},[67,92759,89],{"class":81},[67,92761,2645],{"class":85},[67,92763,100],{"class":81},[53,92765,92767],{"id":92766},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92769,9061,92770,82321],{},[17,92771,36380],{},[58,92773,92775],{"className":60,"code":92774,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[17,92776,92777,92791,92809,92831,92859],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,92778,92779,92781,92783,92785,92787,92789],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,92780,135],{"class":134},[67,92782,138],{"class":81},[67,92784,60167],{"class":134},[67,92786,138],{"class":81},[67,92788,1308],{"class":85},[67,92790,1426],{"class":81},[67,92792,92793,92795,92797,92799,92801,92803,92805,92807],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,92794,135],{"class":134},[67,92796,138],{"class":81},[67,92798,363],{"class":362},[67,92800,138],{"class":81},[67,92802,60167],{"class":134},[67,92804,138],{"class":81},[67,92806,1308],{"class":85},[67,92808,3102],{"class":81},[67,92810,92811,92813,92815,92817,92819,92821,92823,92825,92827,92829],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,92812,135],{"class":134},[67,92814,138],{"class":81},[67,92816,363],{"class":362},[67,92818,138],{"class":81},[67,92820,60167],{"class":134},[67,92822,138],{"class":81},[67,92824,2245],{"class":85},[67,92826,89],{"class":81},[67,92828,6552],{"class":85},[67,92830,3102],{"class":81},[67,92832,92833,92835,92837,92839,92841,92843,92845,92847,92849,92851,92853,92855,92857],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,92834,135],{"class":134},[67,92836,138],{"class":81},[67,92838,363],{"class":362},[67,92840,138],{"class":81},[67,92842,60167],{"class":134},[67,92844,138],{"class":81},[67,92846,86],{"class":85},[67,92848,89],{"class":81},[67,92850,1388],{"class":85},[67,92852,89],{"class":81},[67,92854,2408],{"class":77},[67,92856,2245],{"class":85},[67,92858,3102],{"class":81},[67,92860,92861,92863,92865,92867,92869,92871,92873,92875],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,92862,135],{"class":134},[67,92864,138],{"class":81},[67,92866,2011],{"class":362},[67,92868,138],{"class":81},[67,92870,60167],{"class":134},[67,92872,138],{"class":81},[67,92874,1308],{"class":85},[67,92876,3102],{"class":81},[14,92878,26197],{},[25,92880,92881,92884,92887],{},[28,92882,92883],{},"what values are being created",[28,92885,92886],{},"whether the direction is correct",[28,92888,92889,92890,1531],{},"whether you are working with a ",[17,92891,60167],{},[53,92893,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,92895,12894,92897,92899],{"id":92896},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[17,92898,36380],{}," include the last number?",[14,92901,92902],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1109,92904,5347,92906,92908,92909,2681],{"id":92905},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[17,92907,90835],{}," start at ",[17,92910,1031],{},[14,92912,92913,92914,114],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[17,92915,1031],{},[1109,92917,5359,92919,92921],{"id":92918},"can-range-count-backward",[17,92920,36380],{}," count backward?",[14,92923,92924,92925,114],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[17,92926,92927],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1109,92929,15090,92931,26232],{"id":92930},"is-range-a-list",[17,92932,36380],{},[14,92934,26235,92935,92937,92938,24127],{},[17,92936,60167],{}," object. Use ",[17,92939,92940],{},"list(range(...))",[1109,92942,5347,92944,48863],{"id":92943},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[17,92945,92946],{},"range(input())",[14,92948,92949,3672,92951,114],{},[17,92950,3148],{},[17,92952,92953],{},"int(input())",[53,92955,2094],{"id":2093},[25,92957,92958,92962,92968,92974,92980],{},[28,92959,92960],{},[45,92961,36212],{"href":36211},[28,92963,92964],{},[45,92965,3764,92966,3697],{"href":42538},[17,92967,1339],{},[28,92969,92970],{},[45,92971,3764,92972,3697],{"href":92004},[17,92973,35935],{},[28,92975,92976],{},[45,92977,37698,92978,36788],{"href":36784},[17,92979,35935],{},[28,92981,92982],{},[45,92983,50701,92984],{"href":50700},[17,92985,50704],{},[2122,92987,92988],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":92990},[92991,92992,92994,93000,93008,93015,93017,93029,93030,93042],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":90844,"depth":103,"text":92993},"What range() does",{"id":90937,"depth":103,"text":92995,"children":92996},"range() syntax",[92997,92998,92999],{"id":91017,"depth":124,"text":91020},{"id":91081,"depth":124,"text":91084},{"id":91149,"depth":124,"text":91152},{"id":91220,"depth":103,"text":91221,"children":93001},[93002,93003,93004,93005,93006],{"id":91227,"depth":124,"text":90835},{"id":91290,"depth":124,"text":91293},{"id":91354,"depth":124,"text":91357},{"id":91430,"depth":124,"text":91431},{"id":76794,"depth":124,"text":93007},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91589,"depth":103,"text":93009,"children":93010},"Using range() in a for loop",[93011,93012,93013],{"id":91691,"depth":124,"text":91692},{"id":91736,"depth":124,"text":91737},{"id":91816,"depth":124,"text":93014},"range() and indexing",{"id":92091,"depth":103,"text":93016},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":93018},[93019,93020,93022,93023,93025,93027],{"id":92274,"depth":124,"text":92275},{"id":92370,"depth":124,"text":93021},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92436,"depth":124,"text":92437},{"id":92571,"depth":124,"text":93024},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92628,"depth":124,"text":93026},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92662,"depth":124,"text":93028},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92766,"depth":103,"text":92767},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":93031},[93032,93034,93036,93038,93040],{"id":92896,"depth":124,"text":93033},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92905,"depth":124,"text":93035},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92918,"depth":124,"text":93037},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92930,"depth":124,"text":93039},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92943,"depth":124,"text":93041},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90738,"description":93043},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93050,"title":93051,"body":93052,"description":94725,"extension":2153,"meta":94726,"navigation":127,"path":94727,"seo":94728,"stem":94729,"__hash__":94730},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93053,"toc":94698},[93054,93063,93070,93087,93103,93105,93154,93162,93166,93169,93189,93191,93255,93257,93300,93303,93349,93351,93384,93394,93400,93408,93425,93427,93458,93460,93485,93490,93501,93504,93574,93576,93607,93612,93617,93634,93636,93687,93689,93722,93725,93732,93737,93741,93757,93759,93803,93805,93851,93854,93867,93872,93876,93890,93892,93943,93945,93978,93983,93985,93992,93994,94017,94019,94084,94086,94103,94106,94139,94141,94169,94179,94186,94190,94193,94211,94214,94242,94245,94263,94268,94274,94277,94299,94301,94329,94331,94334,94359,94362,94475,94477,94556,94558,94564,94569,94577,94585,94589,94592,94594,94627,94629,94637,94643,94650,94657,94660,94662,94695],[10,93055,3764,93057,10773,93059,93062],{"id":93056},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[17,93058,36380],{},[17,93060,93061],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,93064,93065,961,93067,93069],{},[17,93066,36380],{},[17,93068,93061],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[25,93071,93072,93080],{},[28,93073,93074,93076,93077],{},[17,93075,36380],{}," creates a ",[3934,93078,93079],{},"range object",[28,93081,93082,93076,93084],{},[17,93083,93061],{},[3934,93085,93086],{},"real list",[14,93088,93089,93090,93092,93093,93096,93097,93099,93100,93102],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[17,93091,90835],{}," to behave exactly like ",[17,93094,93095],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[17,93098,36380],{}," for looping, and only use ",[17,93101,93061],{}," when you actually need a list.",[53,93104,3798],{"id":3797},[58,93106,93108],{"className":60,"code":93107,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,93109,93110,93124,93137],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,93111,93112,93114,93116,93118,93120,93122],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,93113,74],{"class":73},[67,93115,78],{"class":77},[67,93117,54245],{"class":134},[67,93119,138],{"class":81},[67,93121,1308],{"class":85},[67,93123,144],{"class":81},[67,93125,93126,93128,93130,93132,93134],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,93127,135],{"class":134},[67,93129,138],{"class":81},[67,93131,154],{"class":117},[67,93133,3849],{"class":81},[67,93135,93136],{"class":3852},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[67,93138,93139,93141,93143,93145,93147,93149,93151],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,93140,135],{"class":134},[67,93142,138],{"class":81},[67,93144,363],{"class":362},[67,93146,138],{"class":81},[67,93148,154],{"class":117},[67,93150,5552],{"class":81},[67,93152,93153],{"class":3852},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,93155,185,93156,93158,93159,93161],{},[17,93157,36380],{}," for looping. Use ",[17,93160,93061],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[53,93163,93165],{"id":93164},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,93167,93168],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[25,93170,93171,93178,93183,93186],{},[28,93172,93173,22164,93175,93177],{},[17,93174,36380],{},[3934,93176,93079],{},", not a list",[28,93179,93180,93182],{},[17,93181,93061],{}," converts that range object into a list",[28,93184,93185],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[28,93187,93188],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,93190,222],{},[58,93192,93194],{"className":60,"code":93193,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[17,93195,93196,93211,93230,93234,93244],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,93197,93198,93201,93203,93205,93207,93209],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,93199,93200],{"class":73},"r ",[67,93202,78],{"class":77},[67,93204,54245],{"class":134},[67,93206,138],{"class":81},[67,93208,1308],{"class":85},[67,93210,144],{"class":81},[67,93212,93213,93216,93218,93220,93222,93224,93226,93228],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,93214,93215],{"class":73},"lst ",[67,93217,78],{"class":77},[67,93219,22749],{"class":362},[67,93221,138],{"class":81},[67,93223,60167],{"class":134},[67,93225,138],{"class":81},[67,93227,1308],{"class":85},[67,93229,1426],{"class":81},[67,93231,93232],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,93233,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,93235,93236,93238,93240,93242],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,93237,135],{"class":134},[67,93239,138],{"class":81},[67,93241,60674],{"class":117},[67,93243,144],{"class":81},[67,93245,93246,93248,93250,93253],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,93247,135],{"class":134},[67,93249,138],{"class":81},[67,93251,93252],{"class":117},"lst",[67,93254,144],{"class":81},[14,93256,159],{},[58,93258,93260],{"className":60,"code":93259,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,93261,93262,93276],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,93263,93264,93266,93268,93270,93272,93274],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,93265,60167],{"class":134},[67,93267,138],{"class":81},[67,93269,1031],{"class":85},[67,93271,89],{"class":81},[67,93273,4794],{"class":85},[67,93275,144],{"class":81},[67,93277,93278,93280,93282,93284,93286,93288,93290,93292,93294,93296,93298],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,93279,174],{"class":81},[67,93281,1031],{"class":85},[67,93283,89],{"class":81},[67,93285,5689],{"class":85},[67,93287,89],{"class":81},[67,93289,3182],{"class":85},[67,93291,89],{"class":81},[67,93293,2639],{"class":85},[67,93295,89],{"class":81},[67,93297,2645],{"class":85},[67,93299,100],{"class":81},[14,93301,93302],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[58,93304,93306],{"className":60,"code":93305,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[17,93307,93308,93326],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,93309,93310,93312,93314,93316,93318,93320,93322,93324],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,93311,135],{"class":134},[67,93313,138],{"class":81},[67,93315,2011],{"class":362},[67,93317,138],{"class":81},[67,93319,60167],{"class":134},[67,93321,138],{"class":81},[67,93323,1308],{"class":85},[67,93325,3102],{"class":81},[67,93327,93328,93330,93332,93334,93336,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,93329,135],{"class":134},[67,93331,138],{"class":81},[67,93333,2011],{"class":362},[67,93335,138],{"class":81},[67,93337,363],{"class":362},[67,93339,138],{"class":81},[67,93341,60167],{"class":134},[67,93343,138],{"class":81},[67,93345,1308],{"class":85},[67,93347,93348],{"class":81},"))))\n",[14,93350,159],{},[58,93352,93354],{"className":60,"code":93353,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[17,93355,93356,93370],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,93357,93358,93360,93362,93364,93366,93368],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,93359,1397],{"class":77},[67,93361,3482],{"class":2254},[67,93363,342],{"class":239},[67,93365,60167],{"class":243},[67,93367,333],{"class":239},[67,93369,3491],{"class":77},[67,93371,93372,93374,93376,93378,93380,93382],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,93373,1397],{"class":77},[67,93375,3482],{"class":2254},[67,93377,342],{"class":239},[67,93379,363],{"class":243},[67,93381,333],{"class":239},[67,93383,3491],{"class":77},[14,93385,93386,93387,93389,93390,114],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[17,93388,36380],{}," works, see ",[45,93391,3764,93392,3697],{"href":93045},[17,93393,36380],{},[53,93395,3867,93397,93399],{"id":93396},"what-range-gives-you",[17,93398,36380],{}," gives you",[14,93401,93402,93404,93405,93407],{},[17,93403,36380],{}," is most often used in ",[17,93406,6150],{}," loops.",[25,93409,93410,93413,93416,93419],{},[28,93411,93412],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[28,93414,93415],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[28,93417,93418],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[28,93420,93421,93422],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[17,93423,93424],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93426,222],{},[58,93428,93430],{"className":60,"code":93429,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[17,93431,93432,93448],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,93433,93434,93436,93438,93440,93442,93444,93446],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,93435,6150],{"class":1167},[67,93437,69713],{"class":73},[67,93439,4074],{"class":1167},[67,93441,54245],{"class":134},[67,93443,138],{"class":81},[67,93445,1308],{"class":85},[67,93447,1407],{"class":81},[67,93449,93450,93452,93454,93456],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,93451,1228],{"class":134},[67,93453,138],{"class":81},[67,93455,36336],{"class":117},[67,93457,144],{"class":81},[14,93459,159],{},[58,93461,93463],{"className":60,"code":93462,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[17,93464,93465,93469,93473,93477,93481],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,93466,93467],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,93468,47430],{"class":85},[67,93470,93471],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,93472,47095],{"class":85},[67,93474,93475],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,93476,17244],{"class":85},[67,93478,93479],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,93480,46795],{"class":85},[67,93482,93483],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,93484,48829],{"class":85},[14,93486,20959,93487,93489],{},[17,93488,90835],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93491,93492,93493,93495,93496,114],{},"This is one reason ",[17,93494,36380],{}," is so common with ",[45,93497,3764,93499,90866],{"href":93498},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[17,93500,6150],{},[14,93502,93503],{},"You can also inspect it:",[58,93505,93507],{"className":60,"code":93506,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[17,93508,93509,93531,93535,93545,93559],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,93510,93511,93513,93515,93517,93519,93521,93523,93525,93527,93529],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,93512,93200],{"class":73},[67,93514,78],{"class":77},[67,93516,54245],{"class":134},[67,93518,138],{"class":81},[67,93520,2245],{"class":85},[67,93522,89],{"class":81},[67,93524,6196],{"class":85},[67,93526,89],{"class":81},[67,93528,3182],{"class":85},[67,93530,144],{"class":81},[67,93532,93533],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,93534,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,93536,93537,93539,93541,93543],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,93538,135],{"class":134},[67,93540,138],{"class":81},[67,93542,60674],{"class":117},[67,93544,144],{"class":81},[67,93546,93547,93549,93551,93553,93555,93557],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,93548,135],{"class":134},[67,93550,138],{"class":81},[67,93552,1964],{"class":134},[67,93554,138],{"class":81},[67,93556,60674],{"class":117},[67,93558,1426],{"class":81},[67,93560,93561,93563,93565,93567,93569,93572],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,93562,135],{"class":134},[67,93564,138],{"class":81},[67,93566,80575],{"class":85},[67,93568,21362],{"class":1167},[67,93570,93571],{"class":117}," r",[67,93573,144],{"class":81},[14,93575,159],{},[58,93577,93579],{"className":60,"code":93578,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[17,93580,93581,93599,93603],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,93582,93583,93585,93587,93589,93591,93593,93595,93597],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,93584,60167],{"class":134},[67,93586,138],{"class":81},[67,93588,2245],{"class":85},[67,93590,89],{"class":81},[67,93592,6196],{"class":85},[67,93594,89],{"class":81},[67,93596,3182],{"class":85},[67,93598,144],{"class":81},[67,93600,93601],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,93602,48829],{"class":85},[67,93604,93605],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,93606,4170],{"class":4043},[53,93608,3867,93610,93399],{"id":93609},"what-listrange-gives-you",[17,93611,93061],{},[14,93613,93614,93616],{},[17,93615,93061],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[25,93618,93619,93622,93625,93628],{},[28,93620,93621],{},"It creates all values at once",[28,93623,93624],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[28,93626,93627],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[28,93629,93630,93631,93633],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[17,93632,36380],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93635,222],{},[58,93637,93639],{"className":60,"code":93638,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[17,93640,93641,93659,93663,93673],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,93642,93643,93645,93647,93649,93651,93653,93655,93657],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,93644,74],{"class":73},[67,93646,78],{"class":77},[67,93648,22749],{"class":362},[67,93650,138],{"class":81},[67,93652,60167],{"class":134},[67,93654,138],{"class":81},[67,93656,1308],{"class":85},[67,93658,1426],{"class":81},[67,93660,93661],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,93662,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,93664,93665,93667,93669,93671],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,93666,135],{"class":134},[67,93668,138],{"class":81},[67,93670,154],{"class":117},[67,93672,144],{"class":81},[67,93674,93675,93677,93679,93681,93683,93685],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,93676,135],{"class":134},[67,93678,138],{"class":81},[67,93680,154],{"class":117},[67,93682,174],{"class":81},[67,93684,2245],{"class":85},[67,93686,376],{"class":81},[14,93688,159],{},[58,93690,93692],{"className":60,"code":93691,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[17,93693,93694,93718],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,93695,93696,93698,93700,93702,93704,93706,93708,93710,93712,93714,93716],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,93697,174],{"class":81},[67,93699,1031],{"class":85},[67,93701,89],{"class":81},[67,93703,5689],{"class":85},[67,93705,89],{"class":81},[67,93707,3182],{"class":85},[67,93709,89],{"class":81},[67,93711,2639],{"class":85},[67,93713,89],{"class":81},[67,93715,2645],{"class":85},[67,93717,100],{"class":81},[67,93719,93720],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,93721,17244],{"class":85},[14,93723,93724],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93726,93727,93728,114],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[45,93729,3764,93730,3697],{"href":65016},[17,93731,24969],{},[53,93733,5151,93735],{"id":93734},"when-to-use-range",[17,93736,36380],{},[14,93738,185,93739,1671],{},[17,93740,36380],{},[25,93742,93743,93748,93751,93754],{},[28,93744,93745,93746,91595],{},"You are writing a ",[17,93747,6150],{},[28,93749,93750],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[28,93752,93753],{},"You are working with large sequences",[28,93755,93756],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93758,222],{},[58,93760,93762],{"className":60,"code":93761,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[17,93763,93764,93784],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,93765,93766,93768,93770,93772,93774,93776,93778,93780,93782],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,93767,6150],{"class":1167},[67,93769,69713],{"class":73},[67,93771,4074],{"class":1167},[67,93773,54245],{"class":134},[67,93775,138],{"class":81},[67,93777,464],{"class":85},[67,93779,89],{"class":81},[67,93781,37823],{"class":85},[67,93783,1407],{"class":81},[67,93785,93786,93788,93790,93792,93795,93797,93799,93801],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,93787,1228],{"class":134},[67,93789,138],{"class":81},[67,93791,240],{"class":239},[67,93793,93794],{"class":243},"Count:",[67,93796,240],{"class":239},[67,93798,89],{"class":81},[67,93800,36312],{"class":117},[67,93802,144],{"class":81},[14,93804,159],{},[58,93806,93808],{"className":60,"code":93807,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[17,93809,93810,93819,93827,93835,93843],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,93811,93812,93815,93817],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,93813,93814],{"class":73},"Count",[67,93816,1161],{"class":81},[67,93818,29802],{"class":85},[67,93820,93821,93823,93825],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,93822,93814],{"class":73},[67,93824,1161],{"class":81},[67,93826,1377],{"class":85},[67,93828,93829,93831,93833],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,93830,93814],{"class":73},[67,93832,1161],{"class":81},[67,93834,2767],{"class":85},[67,93836,93837,93839,93841],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,93838,93814],{"class":73},[67,93840,1161],{"class":81},[67,93842,23852],{"class":85},[67,93844,93845,93847,93849],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,93846,93814],{"class":73},[67,93848,1161],{"class":81},[67,93850,35027],{"class":85},[14,93852,93853],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93855,93856,93857,93859,93860,62456,93862,114],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[17,93858,35935],{}," is often a better choice than ",[17,93861,36778],{},[45,93863,36785,93865,36788],{"href":93864},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[17,93866,35935],{},[53,93868,5151,93870],{"id":93869},"when-to-use-listrange",[17,93871,93061],{},[14,93873,185,93874,1671],{},[17,93875,93061],{},[25,93877,93878,93881,93884,93887],{},[28,93879,93880],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[28,93882,93883],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[28,93885,93886],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[28,93888,93889],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93891,222],{},[58,93893,93895],{"className":60,"code":93894,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,93896,93897,93915,93929,93933],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,93898,93899,93901,93903,93905,93907,93909,93911,93913],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,93900,74],{"class":73},[67,93902,78],{"class":77},[67,93904,22749],{"class":362},[67,93906,138],{"class":81},[67,93908,60167],{"class":134},[67,93910,138],{"class":81},[67,93912,1308],{"class":85},[67,93914,1426],{"class":81},[67,93916,93917,93919,93921,93923,93925,93927],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,93918,154],{"class":73},[67,93920,114],{"class":81},[67,93922,13739],{"class":117},[67,93924,138],{"class":81},[67,93926,1308],{"class":85},[67,93928,144],{"class":81},[67,93930,93931],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,93932,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,93934,93935,93937,93939,93941],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,93936,135],{"class":134},[67,93938,138],{"class":81},[67,93940,154],{"class":117},[67,93942,144],{"class":81},[14,93944,159],{},[58,93946,93948],{"className":60,"code":93947,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[17,93949,93950],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,93951,93952,93954,93956,93958,93960,93962,93964,93966,93968,93970,93972,93974,93976],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,93953,174],{"class":81},[67,93955,1031],{"class":85},[67,93957,89],{"class":81},[67,93959,5689],{"class":85},[67,93961,89],{"class":81},[67,93963,3182],{"class":85},[67,93965,89],{"class":81},[67,93967,2639],{"class":85},[67,93969,89],{"class":81},[67,93971,2645],{"class":85},[67,93973,89],{"class":81},[67,93975,4794],{"class":85},[67,93977,100],{"class":81},[14,93979,6252,93980,93982],{},[17,93981,154],{}," is a list.",[53,93984,15784],{"id":15783},[14,93986,93987,93989,93990,114],{},[17,93988,36380],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[3934,93991,37777],{},[14,93993,2296],{},[25,93995,93996,93998,94003,94008,94011],{},[28,93997,22174],{},[28,93999,94000,94001],{},"You can check its length with ",[17,94002,1339],{},[28,94004,94005,94006],{},"You can test membership with ",[17,94007,4074],{},[28,94009,94010],{},"You can index it",[28,94012,94013,94014,94016],{},"But list methods such as ",[17,94015,52830],{}," do not work on it",[14,94018,222],{},[58,94020,94022],{"className":60,"code":94021,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[17,94023,94024,94038,94042,94056,94070],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94025,94026,94028,94030,94032,94034,94036],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94027,93200],{"class":73},[67,94029,78],{"class":77},[67,94031,54245],{"class":134},[67,94033,138],{"class":81},[67,94035,1308],{"class":85},[67,94037,144],{"class":81},[67,94039,94040],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,94041,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,94043,94044,94046,94048,94050,94052,94054],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,94045,135],{"class":134},[67,94047,138],{"class":81},[67,94049,60674],{"class":117},[67,94051,174],{"class":81},[67,94053,2245],{"class":85},[67,94055,376],{"class":81},[67,94057,94058,94060,94062,94064,94066,94068],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,94059,135],{"class":134},[67,94061,138],{"class":81},[67,94063,1964],{"class":134},[67,94065,138],{"class":81},[67,94067,60674],{"class":117},[67,94069,1426],{"class":81},[67,94071,94072,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,94073,135],{"class":134},[67,94075,138],{"class":81},[67,94077,2251],{"class":85},[67,94079,21362],{"class":1167},[67,94081,93571],{"class":117},[67,94083,144],{"class":81},[14,94085,159],{},[58,94087,94089],{"className":60,"code":94088,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[17,94090,94091,94095,94099],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94092,94093],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94094,17244],{"class":85},[67,94096,94097],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,94098,3137],{"class":85},[67,94100,94101],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,94102,4170],{"class":4043},[14,94104,94105],{},"Now compare that with this:",[58,94107,94109],{"className":60,"code":94108,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[17,94110,94111,94125],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94112,94113,94115,94117,94119,94121,94123],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94114,93200],{"class":73},[67,94116,78],{"class":77},[67,94118,54245],{"class":134},[67,94120,138],{"class":81},[67,94122,1308],{"class":85},[67,94124,144],{"class":81},[67,94126,94127,94129,94131,94133,94135,94137],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,94128,60674],{"class":73},[67,94130,114],{"class":81},[67,94132,13739],{"class":117},[67,94134,138],{"class":81},[67,94136,1308],{"class":85},[67,94138,144],{"class":81},[14,94140,159],{},[58,94142,94144],{"className":60,"code":94143,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[17,94145,94146],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94147,94148,94150,94152,94154,94156,94158,94160,94163,94165,94167],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94149,25860],{"class":362},[67,94151,1161],{"class":81},[67,94153,342],{"class":239},[67,94155,60167],{"class":243},[67,94157,333],{"class":239},[67,94159,1531],{"class":362},[67,94161,94162],{"class":73}," has no attribute ",[67,94164,333],{"class":239},[67,94166,13739],{"class":243},[67,94168,29887],{"class":239},[14,94170,94171,94172,1550,94174,1553,94176,94178],{},"If you need methods like ",[17,94173,52830],{},[17,94175,50],{},[17,94177,64480],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,94180,94181,94182,114],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[45,94183,25868,94184],{"href":35605},[17,94185,34440],{},[53,94187,94189],{"id":94188},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,94191,94192],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[58,94194,94195],{"className":60,"code":92671,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,94196,94197],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94198,94199,94201,94203,94205,94207,94209],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94200,135],{"class":134},[67,94202,138],{"class":81},[67,94204,60167],{"class":134},[67,94206,138],{"class":81},[67,94208,1308],{"class":85},[67,94210,1426],{"class":81},[14,94212,94213],{},"to show:",[58,94215,94216],{"className":60,"code":60190,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,94217,94218],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94219,94220,94222,94224,94226,94228,94230,94232,94234,94236,94238,94240],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94221,174],{"class":81},[67,94223,1031],{"class":85},[67,94225,89],{"class":81},[67,94227,5689],{"class":85},[67,94229,89],{"class":81},[67,94231,3182],{"class":85},[67,94233,89],{"class":81},[67,94235,2639],{"class":85},[67,94237,89],{"class":81},[67,94239,2645],{"class":85},[67,94241,100],{"class":81},[14,94243,94244],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[58,94246,94247],{"className":60,"code":92692,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,94248,94249],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94250,94251,94253,94255,94257,94259,94261],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94252,60167],{"class":134},[67,94254,138],{"class":81},[67,94256,1031],{"class":85},[67,94258,89],{"class":81},[67,94260,4794],{"class":85},[67,94262,144],{"class":81},[14,94264,4817,94265,94267],{},[3934,94266,4820],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94269,94270,94271,94273],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[3934,94272,93079],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94275,94276],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[58,94278,94279],{"className":60,"code":91028,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,94280,94281],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94282,94283,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293,94295,94297],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94284,135],{"class":134},[67,94286,138],{"class":81},[67,94288,363],{"class":362},[67,94290,138],{"class":81},[67,94292,60167],{"class":134},[67,94294,138],{"class":81},[67,94296,1308],{"class":85},[67,94298,3102],{"class":81},[14,94300,159],{},[58,94302,94303],{"className":60,"code":60190,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,94304,94305],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94306,94307,94309,94311,94313,94315,94317,94319,94321,94323,94325,94327],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94308,174],{"class":81},[67,94310,1031],{"class":85},[67,94312,89],{"class":81},[67,94314,5689],{"class":85},[67,94316,89],{"class":81},[67,94318,3182],{"class":85},[67,94320,89],{"class":81},[67,94322,2639],{"class":85},[67,94324,89],{"class":81},[67,94326,2645],{"class":85},[67,94328,100],{"class":81},[53,94330,1907],{"id":1906},[14,94332,94333],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[25,94335,94336,94342,94345,94351],{},[28,94337,8604,94338,94341],{},[17,94339,94340],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[28,94343,94344],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[28,94346,94347,94348,94350],{},"Not realizing that ",[17,94349,36380],{}," is iterable but not a list",[28,94352,8604,94353,94355,94356,94358],{},[17,94354,93061],{}," when plain ",[17,94357,36380],{}," would be simpler",[14,94360,94361],{},"These quick checks can help:",[58,94363,94365],{"className":60,"code":94364,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[17,94366,94367,94381,94399,94417,94439,94457],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94368,94369,94371,94373,94375,94377,94379],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94370,135],{"class":134},[67,94372,138],{"class":81},[67,94374,60167],{"class":134},[67,94376,138],{"class":81},[67,94378,1308],{"class":85},[67,94380,1426],{"class":81},[67,94382,94383,94385,94387,94389,94391,94393,94395,94397],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,94384,135],{"class":134},[67,94386,138],{"class":81},[67,94388,363],{"class":362},[67,94390,138],{"class":81},[67,94392,60167],{"class":134},[67,94394,138],{"class":81},[67,94396,1308],{"class":85},[67,94398,3102],{"class":81},[67,94400,94401,94403,94405,94407,94409,94411,94413,94415],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,94402,135],{"class":134},[67,94404,138],{"class":81},[67,94406,2011],{"class":362},[67,94408,138],{"class":81},[67,94410,60167],{"class":134},[67,94412,138],{"class":81},[67,94414,1308],{"class":85},[67,94416,3102],{"class":81},[67,94418,94419,94421,94423,94425,94427,94429,94431,94433,94435,94437],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,94420,135],{"class":134},[67,94422,138],{"class":81},[67,94424,2011],{"class":362},[67,94426,138],{"class":81},[67,94428,363],{"class":362},[67,94430,138],{"class":81},[67,94432,60167],{"class":134},[67,94434,138],{"class":81},[67,94436,1308],{"class":85},[67,94438,93348],{"class":81},[67,94440,94441,94443,94445,94447,94449,94451,94453,94455],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,94442,135],{"class":134},[67,94444,138],{"class":81},[67,94446,2251],{"class":85},[67,94448,21362],{"class":1167},[67,94450,54245],{"class":134},[67,94452,138],{"class":81},[67,94454,1308],{"class":85},[67,94456,1426],{"class":81},[67,94458,94459,94461,94463,94465,94467,94469,94471,94473],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,94460,135],{"class":134},[67,94462,138],{"class":81},[67,94464,1964],{"class":134},[67,94466,138],{"class":81},[67,94468,60167],{"class":134},[67,94470,138],{"class":81},[67,94472,1308],{"class":85},[67,94474,3102],{"class":81},[14,94476,159],{},[58,94478,94480],{"className":60,"code":94479,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[17,94481,94482,94496,94520,94534,94548,94552],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94483,94484,94486,94488,94490,94492,94494],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94485,60167],{"class":134},[67,94487,138],{"class":81},[67,94489,1031],{"class":85},[67,94491,89],{"class":81},[67,94493,4794],{"class":85},[67,94495,144],{"class":81},[67,94497,94498,94500,94502,94504,94506,94508,94510,94512,94514,94516,94518],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,94499,174],{"class":81},[67,94501,1031],{"class":85},[67,94503,89],{"class":81},[67,94505,5689],{"class":85},[67,94507,89],{"class":81},[67,94509,3182],{"class":85},[67,94511,89],{"class":81},[67,94513,2639],{"class":85},[67,94515,89],{"class":81},[67,94517,2645],{"class":85},[67,94519,100],{"class":81},[67,94521,94522,94524,94526,94528,94530,94532],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,94523,1397],{"class":77},[67,94525,3482],{"class":2254},[67,94527,342],{"class":239},[67,94529,60167],{"class":243},[67,94531,333],{"class":239},[67,94533,3491],{"class":77},[67,94535,94536,94538,94540,94542,94544,94546],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,94537,1397],{"class":77},[67,94539,3482],{"class":2254},[67,94541,342],{"class":239},[67,94543,363],{"class":243},[67,94545,333],{"class":239},[67,94547,3491],{"class":77},[67,94549,94550],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,94551,4170],{"class":4043},[67,94553,94554],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,94555,3137],{"class":85},[53,94557,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,94559,15090,94561,94563],{"id":94560},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[17,94562,36380],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94565,46543,94566,94568],{},[17,94567,36380],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1109,94570,94572,94573,11279,94575,2681],{"id":94571},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[17,94574,36380],{},[17,94576,93061],{},[14,94578,94579,94581,94582,94584],{},[17,94580,36380],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[17,94583,93061],{}," creates a full list.",[1109,94586,94588],{"id":94587},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94590,94591],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94593,222],{},[58,94595,94597],{"className":60,"code":94596,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[17,94598,94599,94613],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94600,94601,94603,94605,94607,94609,94611],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94602,93200],{"class":73},[67,94604,78],{"class":77},[67,94606,54245],{"class":134},[67,94608,138],{"class":81},[67,94610,1308],{"class":85},[67,94612,144],{"class":81},[67,94614,94615,94617,94619,94621,94623,94625],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,94616,135],{"class":134},[67,94618,138],{"class":81},[67,94620,60674],{"class":117},[67,94622,174],{"class":81},[67,94624,464],{"class":85},[67,94626,376],{"class":81},[14,94628,159],{},[58,94630,94631],{"className":60,"code":47095,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,94632,94633],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94634,94635],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94636,47095],{"class":85},[1109,94638,5347,94640,94642],{"id":94639},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[17,94641,94340],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94644,94645,94646,94649],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[17,94647,94648],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1109,94651,94653,94654,94656],{"id":94652},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[17,94655,36380],{}," to a list?",[14,94658,94659],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[53,94661,2094],{"id":2093},[25,94663,94664,94670,94676,94683,94689],{},[28,94665,94666],{},[45,94667,3764,94668,3697],{"href":93045},[17,94669,36380],{},[28,94671,94672],{},[45,94673,3764,94674,3697],{"href":65016},[17,94675,24969],{},[28,94677,94678],{},[45,94679,3764,94680,94682],{"href":93498},[17,94681,6150],{}," loops explained",[28,94684,94685],{},[45,94686,37698,94687,36788],{"href":93864},[17,94688,35935],{},[28,94690,94691],{},[45,94692,26311,94693],{"href":35605},[17,94694,34440],{},[2122,94696,94697],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":94699},[94700,94701,94702,94704,94706,94708,94710,94711,94712,94713,94724],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":93164,"depth":103,"text":93165},{"id":93396,"depth":103,"text":94703},"What range() gives you",{"id":93609,"depth":103,"text":94705},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93734,"depth":103,"text":94707},"When to use range()",{"id":93869,"depth":103,"text":94709},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15783,"depth":103,"text":15784},{"id":94188,"depth":103,"text":94189},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":94714},[94715,94717,94719,94720,94722],{"id":94560,"depth":124,"text":94716},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94571,"depth":124,"text":94718},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94587,"depth":124,"text":94588},{"id":94639,"depth":124,"text":94721},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94652,"depth":124,"text":94723},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93051,"description":94725},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94732,"title":94733,"body":94734,"description":96170,"extension":2153,"meta":96171,"navigation":127,"path":96172,"seo":96173,"stem":96174,"__hash__":96175},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94735,"toc":96136},[94736,94742,94747,94750,94764,94767,94769,94808,94810,94823,94831,94836,94852,94855,94857,94859,94880,94897,94900,94959,94961,94980,94985,94991,94994,95028,95030,95043,95046,95091,95093,95116,95123,95129,95132,95173,95175,95189,95192,95250,95252,95267,95280,95286,95292,95357,95359,95378,95380,95398,95401,95405,95411,95413,95446,95448,95461,95471,95474,95535,95537,95558,95561,95563,95579,95584,95588,95593,95598,95654,95656,95674,95677,95722,95724,95732,95737,95741,95755,95757,95789,95791,95800,95802,95806,95815,95818,95850,95852,95864,95867,95871,95876,95917,95919,95927,95930,95953,95957,95959,95968,95971,96024,96026,96035,96039,96044,96055,96057,96066,96069,96075,96078,96084,96094,96102,96109,96111,96133],[10,94737,3764,94739,3768],{"id":94738},"python-round-function-explained",[17,94740,94741],{},"round()",[14,94743,9309,94744,94746],{},[17,94745,94741],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94748,94749],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[25,94751,94752,94758],{},[28,94753,94754,94757],{},[17,94755,94756],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[28,94759,94760,94763],{},[17,94761,94762],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94765,94766],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[53,94768,56],{"id":55},[58,94770,94772],{"className":60,"code":94771,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[17,94773,94774,94790],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94775,94776,94778,94780,94783,94785,94788],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94777,135],{"class":134},[67,94779,138],{"class":81},[67,94781,94782],{"class":134},"round",[67,94784,138],{"class":81},[67,94786,94787],{"class":85},"3.14159",[67,94789,1426],{"class":81},[67,94791,94792,94794,94796,94798,94800,94802,94804,94806],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,94793,135],{"class":134},[67,94795,138],{"class":81},[67,94797,94782],{"class":134},[67,94799,138],{"class":81},[67,94801,94787],{"class":85},[67,94803,89],{"class":81},[67,94805,3182],{"class":85},[67,94807,1426],{"class":81},[14,94809,159],{},[58,94811,94813],{"className":60,"code":94812,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"3\n3.14\n",[17,94814,94815,94819],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94816,94817],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94818,46795],{"class":85},[67,94820,94821],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,94822,40356],{"class":85},[14,94824,185,94825,94827,94828,94830],{},[17,94826,94756],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[17,94829,94762],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[53,94832,3867,94834,3870],{"id":94833},"what-round-does",[17,94835,94741],{},[25,94837,94838,94843,94846,94849],{},[28,94839,94840,94842],{},[17,94841,94741],{}," is a built-in Python function",[28,94844,94845],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[28,94847,94848],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[28,94850,94851],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94853,94854],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[53,94856,352],{"id":351},[14,94858,2347],{},[58,94860,94862],{"className":60,"code":94861,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[17,94863,94864],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94865,94866,94868,94870,94872,94875,94878],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94867,94782],{"class":134},[67,94869,138],{"class":81},[67,94871,2426],{"class":117},[67,94873,94874],{"class":81},"[,",[67,94876,94877],{"class":117}," ndigits",[67,94879,376],{"class":81},[25,94881,94882,94887,94892],{},[28,94883,94884,94886],{},[17,94885,2426],{}," is the value to round",[28,94888,94889,20227],{},[17,94890,94891],{},"ndigits",[28,94893,94894,94896],{},[17,94895,94891],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94898,94899],{},"Basic examples:",[58,94901,94903],{"className":60,"code":94902,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[17,94904,94905,94920,94938],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94906,94907,94909,94911,94913,94915,94918],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94908,135],{"class":134},[67,94910,138],{"class":81},[67,94912,94782],{"class":134},[67,94914,138],{"class":81},[67,94916,94917],{"class":85},"7.8",[67,94919,1426],{"class":81},[67,94921,94922,94924,94926,94928,94930,94932,94934,94936],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,94923,135],{"class":134},[67,94925,138],{"class":81},[67,94927,94782],{"class":134},[67,94929,138],{"class":81},[67,94931,94917],{"class":85},[67,94933,89],{"class":81},[67,94935,5689],{"class":85},[67,94937,1426],{"class":81},[67,94939,94940,94942,94944,94946,94948,94951,94953,94955,94957],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,94941,135],{"class":134},[67,94943,138],{"class":81},[67,94945,94782],{"class":134},[67,94947,138],{"class":81},[67,94949,94950],{"class":85},"1234",[67,94952,89],{"class":81},[67,94954,2408],{"class":77},[67,94956,2245],{"class":85},[67,94958,1426],{"class":81},[14,94960,159],{},[58,94962,94964],{"className":60,"code":94963,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[17,94965,94966,94970,94975],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,94967,94968],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,94969,2568],{"class":85},[67,94971,94972],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,94973,94974],{"class":85},"7.8\n",[67,94976,94977],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,94978,94979],{"class":85},"1200\n",[14,94981,94982,94983,114],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[45,94984,2607],{"href":2606},[53,94986,8604,94988,94990],{"id":94987},"using-round-with-one-argument",[17,94989,94741],{}," with one argument",[14,94992,94993],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[58,94995,94997],{"className":60,"code":94996,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[17,94998,94999,95013],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95000,95001,95003,95005,95007,95009,95011],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95002,135],{"class":134},[67,95004,138],{"class":81},[67,95006,94782],{"class":134},[67,95008,138],{"class":81},[67,95010,2549],{"class":85},[67,95012,1426],{"class":81},[67,95014,95015,95017,95019,95021,95023,95026],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95016,135],{"class":134},[67,95018,138],{"class":81},[67,95020,94782],{"class":134},[67,95022,138],{"class":81},[67,95024,95025],{"class":85},"4.8",[67,95027,1426],{"class":81},[14,95029,159],{},[58,95031,95033],{"className":60,"code":95032,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"4\n5\n",[17,95034,95035,95039],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95036,95037],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95038,48829],{"class":85},[67,95040,95041],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95042,3137],{"class":85},[14,95044,95045],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[58,95047,95049],{"className":60,"code":95048,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,95050,95051,95067,95077],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95052,95053,95055,95057,95060,95062,95065],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95054,2416],{"class":73},[67,95056,78],{"class":77},[67,95058,95059],{"class":134}," round",[67,95061,138],{"class":81},[67,95063,95064],{"class":85},"10.2",[67,95066,144],{"class":81},[67,95068,95069,95071,95073,95075],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95070,135],{"class":134},[67,95072,138],{"class":81},[67,95074,2451],{"class":117},[67,95076,144],{"class":81},[67,95078,95079,95081,95083,95085,95087,95089],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,95080,135],{"class":134},[67,95082,138],{"class":81},[67,95084,2011],{"class":362},[67,95086,138],{"class":81},[67,95088,2451],{"class":117},[67,95090,1426],{"class":81},[14,95092,159],{},[58,95094,95096],{"className":60,"code":95095,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,95097,95098,95102],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95099,95100],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95101,2563],{"class":85},[67,95103,95104,95106,95108,95110,95112,95114],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95105,1397],{"class":77},[67,95107,3482],{"class":2254},[67,95109,342],{"class":239},[67,95111,2376],{"class":243},[67,95113,333],{"class":239},[67,95115,3491],{"class":77},[14,95117,95118,95119,114],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[45,95120,3764,95121,3697],{"href":3064},[17,95122,3067],{},[53,95124,8604,95126,95128],{"id":95125},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[17,95127,94741],{}," with decimal places",[14,95130,95131],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[58,95133,95135],{"className":60,"code":95134,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[17,95136,95137,95155],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95138,95139,95141,95143,95145,95147,95149,95151,95153],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95140,135],{"class":134},[67,95142,138],{"class":81},[67,95144,94782],{"class":134},[67,95146,138],{"class":81},[67,95148,94787],{"class":85},[67,95150,89],{"class":81},[67,95152,3182],{"class":85},[67,95154,1426],{"class":81},[67,95156,95157,95159,95161,95163,95165,95167,95169,95171],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95158,135],{"class":134},[67,95160,138],{"class":81},[67,95162,94782],{"class":134},[67,95164,138],{"class":81},[67,95166,94787],{"class":85},[67,95168,89],{"class":81},[67,95170,2639],{"class":85},[67,95172,1426],{"class":81},[14,95174,159],{},[58,95176,95178],{"className":60,"code":95177,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"3.14\n3.142\n",[17,95179,95180,95184],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95181,95182],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95183,40356],{"class":85},[67,95185,95186],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95187,95188],{"class":85},"3.142\n",[14,95190,95191],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[58,95193,95195],{"className":60,"code":95194,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[17,95196,95197,95206,95225,95229,95239],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95198,95199,95201,95203],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95200,40566],{"class":73},[67,95202,78],{"class":77},[67,95204,95205],{"class":85}," 19.9876\n",[67,95207,95208,95211,95213,95215,95217,95219,95221,95223],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95209,95210],{"class":73},"rounded_price ",[67,95212,78],{"class":77},[67,95214,95059],{"class":134},[67,95216,138],{"class":81},[67,95218,25338],{"class":117},[67,95220,89],{"class":81},[67,95222,3182],{"class":85},[67,95224,144],{"class":81},[67,95226,95227],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,95228,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,95230,95231,95233,95235,95237],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,95232,135],{"class":134},[67,95234,138],{"class":81},[67,95236,25338],{"class":117},[67,95238,144],{"class":81},[67,95240,95241,95243,95245,95248],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,95242,135],{"class":134},[67,95244,138],{"class":81},[67,95246,95247],{"class":117},"rounded_price",[67,95249,144],{"class":81},[14,95251,159],{},[58,95253,95255],{"className":60,"code":95254,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[17,95256,95257,95262],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95258,95259],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95260,95261],{"class":85},"19.9876\n",[67,95263,95264],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95265,95266],{"class":85},"19.99\n",[14,95268,95269,95270,95273,95274,3068,95276,114],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[17,95271,95272],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[45,95275,41071],{"href":41070},[45,95277,3764,95278,3697],{"href":3071},[17,95279,3074],{},[53,95281,95283,95284],{"id":95282},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[17,95285,94891],{},[14,95287,95288,95289,95291],{},"A negative ",[17,95290,94891],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[58,95293,95295],{"className":60,"code":95294,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[17,95296,95297,95317,95337],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95298,95299,95301,95303,95305,95307,95309,95311,95313,95315],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95300,135],{"class":134},[67,95302,138],{"class":81},[67,95304,94782],{"class":134},[67,95306,138],{"class":81},[67,95308,94950],{"class":85},[67,95310,89],{"class":81},[67,95312,2408],{"class":77},[67,95314,464],{"class":85},[67,95316,1426],{"class":81},[67,95318,95319,95321,95323,95325,95327,95329,95331,95333,95335],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95320,135],{"class":134},[67,95322,138],{"class":81},[67,95324,94782],{"class":134},[67,95326,138],{"class":81},[67,95328,94950],{"class":85},[67,95330,89],{"class":81},[67,95332,2408],{"class":77},[67,95334,2245],{"class":85},[67,95336,1426],{"class":81},[67,95338,95339,95341,95343,95345,95347,95349,95351,95353,95355],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,95340,135],{"class":134},[67,95342,138],{"class":81},[67,95344,94782],{"class":134},[67,95346,138],{"class":81},[67,95348,94950],{"class":85},[67,95350,89],{"class":81},[67,95352,2408],{"class":77},[67,95354,2251],{"class":85},[67,95356,1426],{"class":81},[14,95358,159],{},[58,95360,95362],{"className":60,"code":95361,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[17,95363,95364,95369,95373],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95365,95366],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95367,95368],{"class":85},"1230\n",[67,95370,95371],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95372,94979],{"class":85},[67,95374,95375],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,95376,95377],{"class":85},"1000\n",[14,95379,65752],{},[25,95381,95382,95387,95393],{},[28,95383,95384,95386],{},[17,95385,935],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[28,95388,95389,95392],{},[17,95390,95391],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[28,95394,95395,95397],{},[17,95396,47849],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95399,95400],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[53,95402,95404],{"id":95403},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95406,95407,95408,114],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[17,95409,95410],{},".5",[14,95412,5663],{},[58,95414,95416],{"className":60,"code":95415,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[17,95417,95418,95432],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95419,95420,95422,95424,95426,95428,95430],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95421,135],{"class":134},[67,95423,138],{"class":81},[67,95425,94782],{"class":134},[67,95427,138],{"class":81},[67,95429,41338],{"class":85},[67,95431,1426],{"class":81},[67,95433,95434,95436,95438,95440,95442,95444],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95435,135],{"class":134},[67,95437,138],{"class":81},[67,95439,94782],{"class":134},[67,95441,138],{"class":81},[67,95443,2228],{"class":85},[67,95445,1426],{"class":81},[14,95447,159],{},[58,95449,95451],{"className":60,"code":95450,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"2\n4\n",[17,95452,95453,95457],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95454,95455],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95456,17244],{"class":85},[67,95458,95459],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95460,48829],{"class":85},[14,95462,95463,95464,95467,95468,95470],{},"Python uses ",[3934,95465,95466],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[17,95469,95410],{}," situations.",[14,95472,95473],{},"More examples:",[58,95475,95477],{"className":60,"code":95476,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[17,95478,95479,95493,95507,95521],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95480,95481,95483,95485,95487,95489,95491],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95482,135],{"class":134},[67,95484,138],{"class":81},[67,95486,94782],{"class":134},[67,95488,138],{"class":81},[67,95490,41351],{"class":85},[67,95492,1426],{"class":81},[67,95494,95495,95497,95499,95501,95503,95505],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95496,135],{"class":134},[67,95498,138],{"class":81},[67,95500,94782],{"class":134},[67,95502,138],{"class":81},[67,95504,41338],{"class":85},[67,95506,1426],{"class":81},[67,95508,95509,95511,95513,95515,95517,95519],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,95510,135],{"class":134},[67,95512,138],{"class":81},[67,95514,94782],{"class":134},[67,95516,138],{"class":81},[67,95518,2228],{"class":85},[67,95520,1426],{"class":81},[67,95522,95523,95525,95527,95529,95531,95533],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,95524,135],{"class":134},[67,95526,138],{"class":81},[67,95528,94782],{"class":134},[67,95530,138],{"class":81},[67,95532,41303],{"class":85},[67,95534,1426],{"class":81},[14,95536,159],{},[58,95538,95540],{"className":60,"code":95539,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[17,95541,95542,95546,95550,95554],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95543,95544],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95545,17244],{"class":85},[67,95547,95548],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95549,17244],{"class":85},[67,95551,95552],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,95553,48829],{"class":85},[67,95555,95556],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,95557,48829],{"class":85},[14,95559,95560],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95562,10900],{},[25,95564,95565,95572],{},[28,95566,95567,2322,95570],{},[17,95568,95569],{},"round(2.5)",[17,95571,2245],{},[28,95573,95574,2322,95577],{},[17,95575,95576],{},"round(3.5)",[17,95578,2694],{},[14,95580,3359,95581,95583],{},[17,95582,95410],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[53,95585,95587],{"id":95586},"return-values","Return values",[14,95589,95590,95592],{},[17,95591,94741],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95594,41085,95595,95597],{},[3934,95596,4820],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[58,95599,95601],{"className":60,"code":95600,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[17,95602,95603,95612,95616,95626,95644],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95604,95605,95607,95609],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95606,2634],{"class":73},[67,95608,78],{"class":77},[67,95610,95611],{"class":85}," 3.14159\n",[67,95613,95614],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95615,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,95617,95618,95620,95622,95624],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,95619,135],{"class":134},[67,95621,138],{"class":81},[67,95623,2661],{"class":117},[67,95625,144],{"class":81},[67,95627,95628,95630,95632,95634,95636,95638,95640,95642],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,95629,135],{"class":134},[67,95631,138],{"class":81},[67,95633,94782],{"class":134},[67,95635,138],{"class":81},[67,95637,2661],{"class":117},[67,95639,89],{"class":81},[67,95641,3182],{"class":85},[67,95643,1426],{"class":81},[67,95645,95646,95648,95650,95652],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,95647,135],{"class":134},[67,95649,138],{"class":81},[67,95651,2661],{"class":117},[67,95653,144],{"class":81},[14,95655,159],{},[58,95657,95659],{"className":60,"code":95658,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[17,95660,95661,95666,95670],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95662,95663],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95664,95665],{"class":85},"3.14159\n",[67,95667,95668],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95669,40356],{"class":85},[67,95671,95672],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,95673,95665],{"class":85},[14,95675,95676],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[58,95678,95680],{"className":60,"code":95679,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[17,95681,95682,95690,95708,95712],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95683,95684,95686,95688],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95685,2634],{"class":73},[67,95687,78],{"class":77},[67,95689,95611],{"class":85},[67,95691,95692,95694,95696,95698,95700,95702,95704,95706],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95693,2634],{"class":73},[67,95695,78],{"class":77},[67,95697,95059],{"class":134},[67,95699,138],{"class":81},[67,95701,2661],{"class":117},[67,95703,89],{"class":81},[67,95705,3182],{"class":85},[67,95707,144],{"class":81},[67,95709,95710],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,95711,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,95713,95714,95716,95718,95720],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,95715,135],{"class":134},[67,95717,138],{"class":81},[67,95719,2661],{"class":117},[67,95721,144],{"class":81},[14,95723,159],{},[58,95725,95726],{"className":60,"code":40356,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,95727,95728],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95729,95730],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95731,40356],{"class":85},[53,95733,5151,95735],{"id":95734},"when-to-use-round",[17,95736,94741],{},[14,95738,185,95739,6510],{},[17,95740,94741],{},[25,95742,95743,95746,95749,95752],{},[28,95744,95745],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[28,95747,95748],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[28,95750,95751],{},"Round values before reporting results",[28,95753,95754],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95756,5663],{},[58,95758,95760],{"className":60,"code":95759,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[17,95761,95762,95771],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95763,95764,95766,95768],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95765,2786],{"class":73},[67,95767,78],{"class":77},[67,95769,95770],{"class":85}," 12.67891\n",[67,95772,95773,95775,95777,95779,95781,95783,95785,95787],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95774,135],{"class":134},[67,95776,138],{"class":81},[67,95778,94782],{"class":134},[67,95780,138],{"class":81},[67,95782,2809],{"class":117},[67,95784,89],{"class":81},[67,95786,3182],{"class":85},[67,95788,1426],{"class":81},[14,95790,159],{},[58,95792,95794],{"className":60,"code":95793,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"12.68\n",[17,95795,95796],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95797,95798],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95799,95793],{"class":85},[53,95801,1907],{"id":1906},[14,95803,23284,95804,114],{},[17,95805,94741],{},[1109,95807,1930,95809,95811,95812,95814],{"id":95808},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[17,95810,94741],{}," to always round ",[17,95813,95410],{}," upward",[14,95816,95817],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[58,95819,95820],{"className":60,"code":95415,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,95821,95822,95836],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95823,95824,95826,95828,95830,95832,95834],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95825,135],{"class":134},[67,95827,138],{"class":81},[67,95829,94782],{"class":134},[67,95831,138],{"class":81},[67,95833,41338],{"class":85},[67,95835,1426],{"class":81},[67,95837,95838,95840,95842,95844,95846,95848],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95839,135],{"class":134},[67,95841,138],{"class":81},[67,95843,94782],{"class":134},[67,95845,138],{"class":81},[67,95847,2228],{"class":85},[67,95849,1426],{"class":81},[14,95851,159],{},[58,95853,95854],{"className":60,"code":95450,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,95855,95856,95860],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95857,95858],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95859,17244],{"class":85},[67,95861,95862],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95863,48829],{"class":85},[14,95865,95866],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1109,95868,95870],{"id":95869},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95872,95873,95875],{},[17,95874,94741],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[58,95877,95879],{"className":60,"code":95878,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[17,95880,95881,95889,95903,95907],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95882,95883,95885,95887],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95884,2634],{"class":73},[67,95886,78],{"class":77},[67,95888,95611],{"class":85},[67,95890,95891,95893,95895,95897,95899,95901],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95892,94782],{"class":134},[67,95894,138],{"class":81},[67,95896,2661],{"class":117},[67,95898,89],{"class":81},[67,95900,3182],{"class":85},[67,95902,144],{"class":81},[67,95904,95905],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,95906,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,95908,95909,95911,95913,95915],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,95910,135],{"class":134},[67,95912,138],{"class":81},[67,95914,2661],{"class":117},[67,95916,144],{"class":81},[14,95918,159],{},[58,95920,95921],{"className":60,"code":95665,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,95922,95923],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95924,95925],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95926,95665],{"class":85},[14,95928,95929],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[58,95931,95933],{"className":60,"code":95932,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[17,95934,95935],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95936,95937,95939,95941,95943,95945,95947,95949,95951],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95938,2634],{"class":73},[67,95940,78],{"class":77},[67,95942,95059],{"class":134},[67,95944,138],{"class":81},[67,95946,2661],{"class":117},[67,95948,89],{"class":81},[67,95950,3182],{"class":85},[67,95952,144],{"class":81},[1109,95954,95956],{"id":95955},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,95958,16588],{},[58,95960,95962],{"className":60,"code":95961,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[17,95963,95964],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95965,95966],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95967,95961],{"class":3852},[14,95969,95970],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[58,95972,95974],{"className":60,"code":95973,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[17,95975,95976,95988,96002,96006],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,95977,95978,95980,95982,95984,95986],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,95979,34873],{"class":73},[67,95981,78],{"class":77},[67,95983,251],{"class":239},[67,95985,40322],{"class":243},[67,95987,3547],{"class":239},[67,95989,95990,95992,95994,95996,95998,96000],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,95991,2403],{"class":73},[67,95993,78],{"class":77},[67,95995,40434],{"class":362},[67,95997,138],{"class":81},[67,95999,34894],{"class":117},[67,96001,144],{"class":81},[67,96003,96004],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,96005,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,96007,96008,96010,96012,96014,96016,96018,96020,96022],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,96009,135],{"class":134},[67,96011,138],{"class":81},[67,96013,94782],{"class":134},[67,96015,138],{"class":81},[67,96017,2426],{"class":117},[67,96019,89],{"class":81},[67,96021,5689],{"class":85},[67,96023,1426],{"class":81},[14,96025,159],{},[58,96027,96029],{"className":60,"code":96028,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"3.1\n",[17,96030,96031],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,96032,96033],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,96034,96028],{"class":85},[1109,96036,96038],{"id":96037},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,96040,96041,96043],{},[17,96042,94741],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,96045,96046,96047,3068,96051,114],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[45,96048,96049],{"href":3071},[17,96050,3074],{},[45,96052,96053],{"href":3064},[17,96054,3067],{},[53,96056,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,96058,12894,96060,96062,96063,96065],{"id":96059},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[17,96061,94741],{}," always round ",[17,96064,40393],{}," up?",[14,96067,96068],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1109,96070,12894,96072,96074],{"id":96071},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[17,96073,94741],{}," change the original number?",[14,96076,96077],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1109,96079,5359,96081,96083],{"id":96080},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[17,96082,94741],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,96085,96086,96087,96089,96090,3068,96092,114],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[17,96088,94891],{}," value like ",[17,96091,935],{},[17,96093,95391],{},[1109,96095,28516,96097,96099,96100,2681],{"id":96096},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[17,96098,94741],{}," on a string like ",[17,96101,48273],{},[14,96103,96104,96105,3068,96107,114],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[17,96106,3074],{},[17,96108,3067],{},[53,96110,2094],{"id":2093},[25,96112,96113,96119,96125,96129],{},[28,96114,96115],{},[45,96116,3764,96117,3697],{"href":3071},[17,96118,3074],{},[28,96120,96121],{},[45,96122,3764,96123,3697],{"href":3064},[17,96124,3067],{},[28,96126,96127],{},[45,96128,2607],{"href":2606},[28,96130,96131],{},[45,96132,42361],{"href":41070},[2122,96134,96135],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":96137},[96138,96139,96141,96142,96144,96146,96148,96149,96150,96152,96159,96169],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":94833,"depth":103,"text":96140},"What round() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":94987,"depth":103,"text":96143},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95125,"depth":103,"text":96145},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95282,"depth":103,"text":96147},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95403,"depth":103,"text":95404},{"id":95586,"depth":103,"text":95587},{"id":95734,"depth":103,"text":96151},"When to use round()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":96153},[96154,96156,96157,96158],{"id":95808,"depth":124,"text":96155},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95869,"depth":124,"text":95870},{"id":95955,"depth":124,"text":95956},{"id":96037,"depth":124,"text":96038},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":96160},[96161,96163,96165,96167],{"id":96059,"depth":124,"text":96162},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96071,"depth":124,"text":96164},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96080,"depth":124,"text":96166},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96096,"depth":124,"text":96168},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94733,"description":96170},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96177,"title":96178,"body":96179,"description":97364,"extension":2153,"meta":97365,"navigation":127,"path":97366,"seo":97367,"stem":97368,"__hash__":97369},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96180,"toc":97338},[96181,96188,96194,96197,96199,96248,96252,96277,96282,96287,96292,96306,96317,96319,96338,96340,96356,96359,96370,96372,96374,96435,96439,96472,96479,96486,96489,96522,96525,96529,96532,96585,96589,96610,96616,96623,96630,96691,96699,96776,96780,96792,96801,96803,96809,96815,96819,96872,96875,96933,96937,96945,96948,96952,96955,96965,96967,97064,97067,97078,97081,97124,97128,97152,97155,97161,97163,97167,97192,97194,97261,97270,97272,97278,97283,97287,97290,97294,97301,97305,97310,97312,97329,97335],[10,96182,96184,96185,11509],{"id":96183},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[17,96186,96187],{},"add()",[14,96189,96190,96193],{},[17,96191,96192],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,96195,96196],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[53,96198,56],{"id":55},[58,96200,96202],{"className":60,"code":96201,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,96203,96204,96224,96238],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,96205,96206,96208,96210,96212,96214,96216,96218,96220,96222],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,96207,74],{"class":73},[67,96209,78],{"class":77},[67,96211,10678],{"class":81},[67,96213,464],{"class":85},[67,96215,89],{"class":81},[67,96217,3182],{"class":85},[67,96219,89],{"class":81},[67,96221,2639],{"class":85},[67,96223,9496],{"class":81},[67,96225,96226,96228,96230,96232,96234,96236],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,96227,154],{"class":73},[67,96229,114],{"class":81},[67,96231,82087],{"class":117},[67,96233,138],{"class":81},[67,96235,2694],{"class":85},[67,96237,144],{"class":81},[67,96239,96240,96242,96244,96246],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,96241,135],{"class":134},[67,96243,138],{"class":81},[67,96245,154],{"class":117},[67,96247,144],{"class":81},[14,96249,96250],{},[3934,96251,159],{},[58,96253,96255],{"className":60,"code":96254,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,96256,96257],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,96258,96259,96261,96263,96265,96267,96269,96271,96273,96275],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,96260,9465],{"class":81},[67,96262,464],{"class":85},[67,96264,89],{"class":81},[67,96266,3182],{"class":85},[67,96268,89],{"class":81},[67,96270,2639],{"class":85},[67,96272,89],{"class":81},[67,96274,2645],{"class":85},[67,96276,9496],{"class":81},[14,96278,185,96279,96281],{},[17,96280,96187],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[53,96283,3867,96285,3870],{"id":96284},"what-setadd-does",[17,96286,96192],{},[14,96288,96289,96291],{},[17,96290,96192],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[25,96293,96294,96297,96300,96303],{},[28,96295,96296],{},"Adds one item to a set",[28,96298,96299],{},"Changes the original set in place",[28,96301,96302],{},"Does not return a new set",[28,96304,96305],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96307,96308,96309,3068,96313,114],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[45,96310,96312],{"href":96311},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[45,96314,96316],{"href":96315},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[53,96318,352],{"id":351},[58,96320,96322],{"className":60,"code":96321,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set.add(item)\n",[17,96323,96324],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,96325,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,96327,15854],{"class":73},[67,96329,114],{"class":81},[67,96331,82087],{"class":117},[67,96333,138],{"class":81},[67,96335,479],{"class":117},[67,96337,144],{"class":81},[14,96339,11646],{},[25,96341,96342,96347,96350],{},[28,96343,56078,96344,96346],{},[17,96345,96187],{}," on an existing set",[28,96348,96349],{},"Pass exactly one item",[28,96351,96352,96353],{},"The item must be ",[3934,96354,96355],{},"hashable",[14,96357,96358],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[25,96360,96361,96363,96365,96368],{},[28,96362,56631],{},[28,96364,56634],{},[28,96366,96367],{},"Tuples",[28,96369,40774],{},[53,96371,11663],{"id":11662},[14,96373,11666],{},[58,96375,96377],{"className":60,"code":96376,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,96378,96379,96403,96421,96425],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,96380,96381,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391,96393,96395,96397,96399,96401],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,96382,232],{"class":73},[67,96384,78],{"class":77},[67,96386,10678],{"class":81},[67,96388,240],{"class":239},[67,96390,244],{"class":243},[67,96392,240],{"class":239},[67,96394,89],{"class":81},[67,96396,251],{"class":239},[67,96398,263],{"class":243},[67,96400,240],{"class":239},[67,96402,9496],{"class":81},[67,96404,96405,96407,96409,96411,96413,96415,96417,96419],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,96406,312],{"class":73},[67,96408,114],{"class":81},[67,96410,82087],{"class":117},[67,96412,138],{"class":81},[67,96414,240],{"class":239},[67,96416,254],{"class":243},[67,96418,240],{"class":239},[67,96420,144],{"class":81},[67,96422,96423],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,96424,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,96426,96427,96429,96431,96433],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,96428,135],{"class":134},[67,96430,138],{"class":81},[67,96432,312],{"class":117},[67,96434,144],{"class":81},[14,96436,96437],{},[3934,96438,30213],{},[58,96440,96442],{"className":60,"code":96441,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[17,96443,96444],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,96445,96446,96448,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460,96462,96464,96466,96468,96470],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,96447,9465],{"class":81},[67,96449,333],{"class":239},[67,96451,244],{"class":243},[67,96453,333],{"class":239},[67,96455,89],{"class":81},[67,96457,342],{"class":239},[67,96459,254],{"class":243},[67,96461,333],{"class":239},[67,96463,89],{"class":81},[67,96465,342],{"class":239},[67,96467,263],{"class":243},[67,96469,333],{"class":239},[67,96471,9496],{"class":81},[14,96473,96474,96475,96478],{},"The new value ",[17,96476,96477],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96480,96481,96482,96485],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[3934,96483,96484],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96487,96488],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[58,96490,96492],{"className":60,"code":96491,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[17,96493,96494],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,96495,96496,96498,96500,96502,96504,96506,96508,96510,96512,96514,96516,96518,96520],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,96497,9465],{"class":81},[67,96499,333],{"class":239},[67,96501,263],{"class":243},[67,96503,333],{"class":239},[67,96505,89],{"class":81},[67,96507,342],{"class":239},[67,96509,244],{"class":243},[67,96511,333],{"class":239},[67,96513,89],{"class":81},[67,96515,342],{"class":239},[67,96517,254],{"class":243},[67,96519,333],{"class":239},[67,96521,9496],{"class":81},[14,96523,96524],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[53,96526,96528],{"id":96527},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96530,96531],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[58,96533,96535],{"className":60,"code":96534,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,96536,96537,96557,96571,96575],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,96538,96539,96541,96543,96545,96547,96549,96551,96553,96555],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,96540,74],{"class":73},[67,96542,78],{"class":77},[67,96544,10678],{"class":81},[67,96546,464],{"class":85},[67,96548,89],{"class":81},[67,96550,3182],{"class":85},[67,96552,89],{"class":81},[67,96554,2639],{"class":85},[67,96556,9496],{"class":81},[67,96558,96559,96561,96563,96565,96567,96569],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,96560,154],{"class":73},[67,96562,114],{"class":81},[67,96564,82087],{"class":117},[67,96566,138],{"class":81},[67,96568,2245],{"class":85},[67,96570,144],{"class":81},[67,96572,96573],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,96574,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,96576,96577,96579,96581,96583],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,96578,135],{"class":134},[67,96580,138],{"class":81},[67,96582,154],{"class":117},[67,96584,144],{"class":81},[14,96586,96587],{},[3934,96588,159],{},[58,96590,96592],{"className":60,"code":96591,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[17,96593,96594],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,96595,96596,96598,96600,96602,96604,96606,96608],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,96597,9465],{"class":81},[67,96599,464],{"class":85},[67,96601,89],{"class":81},[67,96603,3182],{"class":85},[67,96605,89],{"class":81},[67,96607,2639],{"class":85},[67,96609,9496],{"class":81},[14,96611,96612,96613,96615],{},"The set stays the same because ",[17,96614,2245],{}," was already present.",[53,96617,96619,10773,96621],{"id":96618},"add-vs-update",[17,96620,96187],{},[17,96622,15141],{},[14,96624,185,96625,96627,96628,114],{},[17,96626,96187],{}," when you want to add ",[3934,96629,52834],{},[58,96631,96633],{"className":60,"code":96632,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[17,96634,96635,96659,96677,96681],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,96636,96637,96639,96641,96643,96645,96647,96649,96651,96653,96655,96657],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,96638,411],{"class":73},[67,96640,78],{"class":77},[67,96642,10678],{"class":81},[67,96644,240],{"class":239},[67,96646,45],{"class":243},[67,96648,240],{"class":239},[67,96650,89],{"class":81},[67,96652,251],{"class":239},[67,96654,428],{"class":243},[67,96656,240],{"class":239},[67,96658,9496],{"class":81},[67,96660,96661,96663,96665,96667,96669,96671,96673,96675],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,96662,490],{"class":73},[67,96664,114],{"class":81},[67,96666,82087],{"class":117},[67,96668,138],{"class":81},[67,96670,240],{"class":239},[67,96672,437],{"class":243},[67,96674,240],{"class":239},[67,96676,144],{"class":81},[67,96678,96679],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,96680,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,96682,96683,96685,96687,96689],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,96684,135],{"class":134},[67,96686,138],{"class":81},[67,96688,490],{"class":117},[67,96690,144],{"class":81},[14,96692,185,96693,96627,96695,96698],{},[17,96694,15141],{},[3934,96696,96697],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[58,96700,96702],{"className":60,"code":96701,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[17,96703,96704,96728,96762,96766],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,96705,96706,96708,96710,96712,96714,96716,96718,96720,96722,96724,96726],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,96707,411],{"class":73},[67,96709,78],{"class":77},[67,96711,10678],{"class":81},[67,96713,240],{"class":239},[67,96715,45],{"class":243},[67,96717,240],{"class":239},[67,96719,89],{"class":81},[67,96721,251],{"class":239},[67,96723,428],{"class":243},[67,96725,240],{"class":239},[67,96727,9496],{"class":81},[67,96729,96730,96732,96734,96736,96738,96740,96742,96744,96746,96748,96750,96752,96754,96756,96758,96760],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,96731,490],{"class":73},[67,96733,114],{"class":81},[67,96735,30648],{"class":117},[67,96737,370],{"class":81},[67,96739,240],{"class":239},[67,96741,437],{"class":243},[67,96743,240],{"class":239},[67,96745,89],{"class":81},[67,96747,251],{"class":239},[67,96749,18955],{"class":243},[67,96751,240],{"class":239},[67,96753,89],{"class":81},[67,96755,251],{"class":239},[67,96757,60616],{"class":243},[67,96759,240],{"class":239},[67,96761,376],{"class":81},[67,96763,96764],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,96765,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,96767,96768,96770,96772,96774],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,96769,135],{"class":134},[67,96771,138],{"class":81},[67,96773,490],{"class":117},[67,96775,144],{"class":81},[1109,96777,96779],{"id":96778},"key-difference","Key difference",[25,96781,96782,96787],{},[28,96783,96784,96786],{},[17,96785,96187],{}," adds one item",[28,96788,96789,96791],{},[17,96790,15141],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96793,96794,96795,114],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[45,96796,96798,96799,946],{"href":96797},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[17,96800,15141],{},[53,96802,17607],{"id":17606},[14,96804,96805,2584,96807,114],{},[17,96806,96192],{},[17,96808,1103],{},[14,96810,96811,96812,96814],{},"That means you should ",[3934,96813,4820],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1109,96816,96818],{"id":96817},"correct","Correct",[58,96820,96822],{"className":60,"code":96821,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[17,96823,96824,96844,96858,96862],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,96825,96826,96828,96830,96832,96834,96836,96838,96840,96842],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,96827,15816],{"class":73},[67,96829,78],{"class":77},[67,96831,10678],{"class":81},[67,96833,464],{"class":85},[67,96835,89],{"class":81},[67,96837,3182],{"class":85},[67,96839,89],{"class":81},[67,96841,2639],{"class":85},[67,96843,9496],{"class":81},[67,96845,96846,96848,96850,96852,96854,96856],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,96847,15854],{"class":73},[67,96849,114],{"class":81},[67,96851,82087],{"class":117},[67,96853,138],{"class":81},[67,96855,2694],{"class":85},[67,96857,144],{"class":81},[67,96859,96860],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,96861,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,96863,96864,96866,96868,96870],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,96865,135],{"class":134},[67,96867,138],{"class":81},[67,96869,15854],{"class":117},[67,96871,144],{"class":81},[1109,96873,96874],{"id":61938},"Wrong",[58,96876,96878],{"className":60,"code":96877,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[17,96879,96880,96900,96919,96923],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,96881,96882,96884,96886,96888,96890,96892,96894,96896,96898],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,96883,15816],{"class":73},[67,96885,78],{"class":77},[67,96887,10678],{"class":81},[67,96889,464],{"class":85},[67,96891,89],{"class":81},[67,96893,3182],{"class":85},[67,96895,89],{"class":81},[67,96897,2639],{"class":85},[67,96899,9496],{"class":81},[67,96901,96902,96904,96906,96909,96911,96913,96915,96917],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,96903,15816],{"class":73},[67,96905,78],{"class":77},[67,96907,96908],{"class":73}," my_set",[67,96910,114],{"class":81},[67,96912,82087],{"class":117},[67,96914,138],{"class":81},[67,96916,2694],{"class":85},[67,96918,144],{"class":81},[67,96920,96921],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,96922,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,96924,96925,96927,96929,96931],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,96926,135],{"class":134},[67,96928,138],{"class":81},[67,96930,15854],{"class":117},[67,96932,144],{"class":81},[14,96934,96935],{},[3934,96936,159],{},[58,96938,96939],{"className":60,"code":11997,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,96940,96941],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,96942,96943],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,96944,11997],{"class":4043},[14,96946,96947],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[53,96949,96951],{"id":96950},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,96953,96954],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[25,96956,96957,96959,96961,96963],{},[28,96958,56631],{},[28,96960,56634],{},[28,96962,96367],{},[28,96964,40774],{},[14,96966,222],{},[58,96968,96970],{"className":60,"code":96969,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,96971,96972,96982,96986,97000,97018,97036,97050,97054],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,96973,96974,96976,96978,96980],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,96975,1131],{"class":73},[67,96977,78],{"class":77},[67,96979,15821],{"class":362},[67,96981,121],{"class":81},[67,96983,96984],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,96985,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,96987,96988,96990,96992,96994,96996,96998],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,96989,1141],{"class":73},[67,96991,114],{"class":81},[67,96993,82087],{"class":117},[67,96995,138],{"class":81},[67,96997,86],{"class":85},[67,96999,144],{"class":81},[67,97001,97002,97004,97006,97008,97010,97012,97014,97016],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,97003,1141],{"class":73},[67,97005,114],{"class":81},[67,97007,82087],{"class":117},[67,97009,138],{"class":81},[67,97011,240],{"class":239},[67,97013,4036],{"class":243},[67,97015,240],{"class":239},[67,97017,144],{"class":81},[67,97019,97020,97022,97024,97026,97028,97030,97032,97034],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,97021,1141],{"class":73},[67,97023,114],{"class":81},[67,97025,82087],{"class":117},[67,97027,5702],{"class":81},[67,97029,464],{"class":85},[67,97031,89],{"class":81},[67,97033,3182],{"class":85},[67,97035,1426],{"class":81},[67,97037,97038,97040,97042,97044,97046,97048],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,97039,1141],{"class":73},[67,97041,114],{"class":81},[67,97043,82087],{"class":117},[67,97045,138],{"class":81},[67,97047,3793],{"class":4043},[67,97049,144],{"class":81},[67,97051,97052],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,97053,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,97055,97056,97058,97060,97062],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,97057,135],{"class":134},[67,97059,138],{"class":81},[67,97061,1141],{"class":117},[67,97063,144],{"class":81},[14,97065,97066],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[25,97068,97069,97072,97075],{},[28,97070,97071],{},"Lists",[28,97073,97074],{},"Dictionaries",[28,97076,97077],{},"Sets",[14,97079,97080],{},"Example that causes an error:",[58,97082,97084],{"className":60,"code":97083,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[17,97085,97086,97106],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,97087,97088,97090,97092,97094,97096,97098,97100,97102,97104],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,97089,1131],{"class":73},[67,97091,78],{"class":77},[67,97093,10678],{"class":81},[67,97095,464],{"class":85},[67,97097,89],{"class":81},[67,97099,3182],{"class":85},[67,97101,89],{"class":81},[67,97103,2639],{"class":85},[67,97105,9496],{"class":81},[67,97107,97108,97110,97112,97114,97116,97118,97120,97122],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,97109,1141],{"class":73},[67,97111,114],{"class":81},[67,97113,82087],{"class":117},[67,97115,370],{"class":81},[67,97117,2694],{"class":85},[67,97119,89],{"class":81},[67,97121,4794],{"class":85},[67,97123,376],{"class":81},[14,97125,97126],{},[3934,97127,29868],{},[58,97129,97131],{"className":60,"code":97130,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[17,97132,97133],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,97134,97135,97137,97139,97142,97144,97146,97148,97150],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,97136,1519],{"class":362},[67,97138,1161],{"class":81},[67,97140,97141],{"class":73}," unhashable ",[67,97143,2011],{"class":362},[67,97145,1161],{"class":81},[67,97147,342],{"class":239},[67,97149,363],{"class":243},[67,97151,29887],{"class":239},[14,97153,97154],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,97156,97157,97158,114],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[17,97159,97160],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[53,97162,1907],{"id":1906},[14,97164,14920,97165,1161],{},[17,97166,96192],{},[25,97168,97169,97174,97179,97182,97189],{},[28,97170,8604,97171,97173],{},[17,97172,96187],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[28,97175,1930,97176,97178],{},[17,97177,96187],{}," to return the updated set",[28,97180,97181],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[28,97183,1923,97184,97186,97187],{},[17,97185,96192],{}," with list ",[17,97188,52830],{},[28,97190,97191],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,97193,1939],{},[58,97195,97197],{"className":60,"code":97196,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[17,97198,97199,97209,97223,97233,97247],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,97200,97201,97203,97205,97207],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,97202,135],{"class":134},[67,97204,138],{"class":81},[67,97206,15854],{"class":117},[67,97208,144],{"class":81},[67,97210,97211,97213,97215,97217,97219,97221],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,97212,135],{"class":134},[67,97214,138],{"class":81},[67,97216,2011],{"class":362},[67,97218,138],{"class":81},[67,97220,15854],{"class":117},[67,97222,1426],{"class":81},[67,97224,97225,97227,97229,97231],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,97226,135],{"class":134},[67,97228,138],{"class":81},[67,97230,2661],{"class":117},[67,97232,144],{"class":81},[67,97234,97235,97237,97239,97241,97243,97245],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,97236,135],{"class":134},[67,97238,138],{"class":81},[67,97240,2011],{"class":362},[67,97242,138],{"class":81},[67,97244,2661],{"class":117},[67,97246,1426],{"class":81},[67,97248,97249,97251,97253,97255,97257,97259],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,97250,32337],{"class":134},[67,97252,138],{"class":81},[67,97254,6479],{"class":362},[67,97256,114],{"class":81},[67,97258,82087],{"class":24938},[67,97260,144],{"class":81},[14,97262,97263,97264,97266,97267,114],{},"Also remember that ",[17,97265,96192],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[45,97268,53224],{"href":97269},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[53,97271,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,97273,12894,97275,97277],{"id":97274},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[17,97276,96192],{}," return a new set?",[14,97279,97280,97281,114],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[17,97282,1103],{},[1109,97284,97286],{"id":97285},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97288,97289],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1109,97291,97293],{"id":97292},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97295,185,97296,11279,97299,114],{},[17,97297,97298],{},"set.update()",[17,97300,96187],{},[1109,97302,97304],{"id":97303},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97306,97307,97308,114],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[17,97309,1519],{},[53,97311,2094],{"id":2093},[25,97313,97314,97318,97323],{},[28,97315,97316],{},[45,97317,96312],{"href":96311},[28,97319,97320],{},[45,97321,97322],{"href":96315},"How to create a set in Python",[28,97324,97325],{},[45,97326,96798,97327,946],{"href":96797},[17,97328,15141],{},[14,97330,97331,97332,97334],{},"Once you understand ",[17,97333,96187],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2122,97336,97337],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":97339},[97340,97341,97343,97344,97345,97346,97350,97354,97355,97356,97363],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":96284,"depth":103,"text":97342},"What set.add() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":96527,"depth":103,"text":96528},{"id":96618,"depth":103,"text":97347,"children":97348},"add() vs update()",[97349],{"id":96778,"depth":124,"text":96779},{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607,"children":97351},[97352,97353],{"id":96817,"depth":124,"text":96818},{"id":61938,"depth":124,"text":96874},{"id":96950,"depth":103,"text":96951},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":97357},[97358,97360,97361,97362],{"id":97274,"depth":124,"text":97359},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97285,"depth":124,"text":97286},{"id":97292,"depth":124,"text":97293},{"id":97303,"depth":124,"text":97304},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96178,"description":97364},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97371,"title":97372,"body":97373,"description":98542,"extension":2153,"meta":98543,"navigation":127,"path":98544,"seo":98545,"stem":98546,"__hash__":98547},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97374,"toc":98509},[97375,97380,97386,97393,97438,97440,97451,97456,97461,97465,97479,97484,97486,97488,97503,97505,97519,97521,97523,97588,97590,97600,97602,97620,97626,97633,97638,97712,97714,97731,97737,97742,97813,97815,97842,97859,97862,97868,97870,97877,97881,97948,97950,97965,97968,98021,98023,98031,98043,98045,98049,98054,98056,98105,98107,98115,98117,98162,98164,98174,98180,98188,98201,98207,98209,98238,98240,98258,98262,98265,98296,98298,98316,98320,98395,98397,98413,98420,98422,98427,98432,98438,98441,98445,98453,98460,98468,98470,98506],[10,97376,96184,97378,11509],{"id":97377},"python-set-clear-method",[17,97379,11508],{},[14,97381,97382,97385],{},[17,97383,97384],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97387,97388,97389,97392],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[3934,97390,97391],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[58,97394,97396],{"className":60,"code":97395,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,97397,97398,97418,97428],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,97399,97400,97402,97404,97406,97408,97410,97412,97414,97416],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,97401,74],{"class":73},[67,97403,78],{"class":77},[67,97405,10678],{"class":81},[67,97407,464],{"class":85},[67,97409,89],{"class":81},[67,97411,3182],{"class":85},[67,97413,89],{"class":81},[67,97415,2639],{"class":85},[67,97417,9496],{"class":81},[67,97419,97420,97422,97424,97426],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,97421,154],{"class":73},[67,97423,114],{"class":81},[67,97425,11570],{"class":117},[67,97427,121],{"class":81},[67,97429,97430,97432,97434,97436],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,97431,135],{"class":134},[67,97433,138],{"class":81},[67,97435,154],{"class":117},[67,97437,144],{"class":81},[14,97439,159],{},[58,97441,97443],{"className":60,"code":97442,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set()\n",[17,97444,97445],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,97446,97447,97449],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,97448,6479],{"class":362},[67,97450,121],{"class":81},[14,97452,97453,97455],{},[17,97454,11508],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[53,97457,3867,97459,3870],{"id":97458},"what-setclear-does",[17,97460,97384],{},[14,97462,379,97463,11600],{},[17,97464,11508],{},[25,97466,97467,97470,97472,97476],{},[28,97468,97469],{},"Removes every item from a set",[28,97471,96299],{},[28,97473,11611,97474],{},[17,97475,1103],{},[28,97477,97478],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97480,96308,97481,2041],{},[45,97482,96312],{"href":97483},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[53,97485,352],{"id":351},[14,97487,54622],{},[58,97489,97491],{"className":60,"code":97490,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set.clear()\n",[17,97492,97493],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,97494,97495,97497,97499,97501],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,97496,15854],{"class":73},[67,97498,114],{"class":81},[67,97500,11570],{"class":117},[67,97502,121],{"class":81},[14,97504,13241],{},[25,97506,97507,97510,97513,97516],{},[28,97508,97509],{},"It takes no arguments",[28,97511,97512],{},"It empties the set",[28,97514,97515],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[28,97517,97518],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[53,97520,11663],{"id":11662},[14,97522,11666],{},[58,97524,97526],{"className":60,"code":97525,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,97527,97528,97560,97564,97574,97578],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,97529,97530,97532,97534,97536,97538,97540,97542,97544,97546,97548,97550,97552,97554,97556,97558],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,97531,232],{"class":73},[67,97533,78],{"class":77},[67,97535,10678],{"class":81},[67,97537,240],{"class":239},[67,97539,244],{"class":243},[67,97541,240],{"class":239},[67,97543,89],{"class":81},[67,97545,251],{"class":239},[67,97547,254],{"class":243},[67,97549,240],{"class":239},[67,97551,89],{"class":81},[67,97553,251],{"class":239},[67,97555,263],{"class":243},[67,97557,240],{"class":239},[67,97559,9496],{"class":81},[67,97561,97562],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,97563,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,97565,97566,97568,97570,97572],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,97567,312],{"class":73},[67,97569,114],{"class":81},[67,97571,11570],{"class":117},[67,97573,121],{"class":81},[67,97575,97576],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,97577,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,97579,97580,97582,97584,97586],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,97581,135],{"class":134},[67,97583,138],{"class":81},[67,97585,312],{"class":117},[67,97587,144],{"class":81},[14,97589,159],{},[58,97591,97592],{"className":60,"code":97442,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,97593,97594],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,97595,97596,97598],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,97597,6479],{"class":362},[67,97599,121],{"class":81},[14,97601,11872],{},[25,97603,97604,97609,97614],{},[28,97605,97606,97608],{},[17,97607,312],{}," starts with three values",[28,97610,97611,11885],{},[17,97612,97613],{},"colors.clear()",[28,97615,97616,97617,97619],{},"Printing the set shows ",[17,97618,3988],{},", which means an empty set",[53,97621,97623,97625],{"id":97622},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[17,97624,11508],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97627,97628,961,97630,97632],{},[17,97629,11508],{},[17,97631,3988],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1109,97634,8604,97636],{"id":97635},"using-clear",[17,97637,11508],{},[58,97639,97641],{"className":60,"code":97640,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[17,97642,97643,97663,97673,97677,97687,97691,97701],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,97644,97645,97647,97649,97651,97653,97655,97657,97659,97661],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,97646,1131],{"class":73},[67,97648,78],{"class":77},[67,97650,10678],{"class":81},[67,97652,464],{"class":85},[67,97654,89],{"class":81},[67,97656,3182],{"class":85},[67,97658,89],{"class":81},[67,97660,2639],{"class":85},[67,97662,9496],{"class":81},[67,97664,97665,97668,97670],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,97666,97667],{"class":73},"other_name ",[67,97669,78],{"class":77},[67,97671,97672],{"class":73}," items\n",[67,97674,97675],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,97676,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,97678,97679,97681,97683,97685],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,97680,1141],{"class":73},[67,97682,114],{"class":81},[67,97684,11570],{"class":117},[67,97686,121],{"class":81},[67,97688,97689],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,97690,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,97692,97693,97695,97697,97699],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,97694,135],{"class":134},[67,97696,138],{"class":81},[67,97698,1141],{"class":117},[67,97700,144],{"class":81},[67,97702,97703,97705,97707,97710],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,97704,135],{"class":134},[67,97706,138],{"class":81},[67,97708,97709],{"class":117},"other_name",[67,97711,144],{"class":81},[14,97713,159],{},[58,97715,97717],{"className":60,"code":97716,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set()\nset()\n",[17,97718,97719,97725],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,97720,97721,97723],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,97722,6479],{"class":362},[67,97724,121],{"class":81},[67,97726,97727,97729],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,97728,6479],{"class":362},[67,97730,121],{"class":81},[14,97732,97733,97734,114],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[3934,97735,97736],{},"same set object",[1109,97738,8604,97740],{"id":97739},"using-set",[17,97741,3988],{},[58,97743,97745],{"className":60,"code":97744,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[17,97746,97747,97767,97775,97779,97789,97793,97803],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,97748,97749,97751,97753,97755,97757,97759,97761,97763,97765],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,97750,1131],{"class":73},[67,97752,78],{"class":77},[67,97754,10678],{"class":81},[67,97756,464],{"class":85},[67,97758,89],{"class":81},[67,97760,3182],{"class":85},[67,97762,89],{"class":81},[67,97764,2639],{"class":85},[67,97766,9496],{"class":81},[67,97768,97769,97771,97773],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,97770,97667],{"class":73},[67,97772,78],{"class":77},[67,97774,97672],{"class":73},[67,97776,97777],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,97778,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,97780,97781,97783,97785,97787],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,97782,1131],{"class":73},[67,97784,78],{"class":77},[67,97786,15821],{"class":362},[67,97788,121],{"class":81},[67,97790,97791],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,97792,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,97794,97795,97797,97799,97801],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,97796,135],{"class":134},[67,97798,138],{"class":81},[67,97800,1141],{"class":117},[67,97802,144],{"class":81},[67,97804,97805,97807,97809,97811],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,97806,135],{"class":134},[67,97808,138],{"class":81},[67,97810,97709],{"class":117},[67,97812,144],{"class":81},[14,97814,159],{},[58,97816,97818],{"className":60,"code":97817,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[17,97819,97820,97826],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,97821,97822,97824],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,97823,6479],{"class":362},[67,97825,121],{"class":81},[67,97827,97828,97830,97832,97834,97836,97838,97840],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,97829,9465],{"class":81},[67,97831,464],{"class":85},[67,97833,89],{"class":81},[67,97835,3182],{"class":85},[67,97837,89],{"class":81},[67,97839,2639],{"class":85},[67,97841,9496],{"class":81},[14,97843,20959,97844,93076,97847,97850,97851,114,97853,97855,97856,97858],{},[17,97845,97846],{},"items = set()",[3934,97848,97849],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[17,97852,1141],{},[10033,97854],{},"\nBut ",[17,97857,97709],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97860,97861],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97863,97864,97865,114],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[45,97866,96316],{"href":97867},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[53,97869,17607],{"id":17606},[14,97871,97872,14240,97874,97876],{},[17,97873,11508],{},[3934,97875,4820],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97878,5337,97879,114],{},[17,97880,1103],{},[58,97882,97884],{"className":60,"code":97883,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,97885,97886,97906,97910,97924,97928,97938],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,97887,97888,97890,97892,97894,97896,97898,97900,97902,97904],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,97889,74],{"class":73},[67,97891,78],{"class":77},[67,97893,10678],{"class":81},[67,97895,464],{"class":85},[67,97897,89],{"class":81},[67,97899,3182],{"class":85},[67,97901,89],{"class":81},[67,97903,2639],{"class":85},[67,97905,9496],{"class":81},[67,97907,97908],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,97909,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,97911,97912,97914,97916,97918,97920,97922],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,97913,2416],{"class":73},[67,97915,78],{"class":77},[67,97917,111],{"class":73},[67,97919,114],{"class":81},[67,97921,11570],{"class":117},[67,97923,121],{"class":81},[67,97925,97926],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,97927,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,97929,97930,97932,97934,97936],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,97931,135],{"class":134},[67,97933,138],{"class":81},[67,97935,2451],{"class":117},[67,97937,144],{"class":81},[67,97939,97940,97942,97944,97946],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,97941,135],{"class":134},[67,97943,138],{"class":81},[67,97945,154],{"class":117},[67,97947,144],{"class":81},[14,97949,159],{},[58,97951,97953],{"className":60,"code":97952,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"None\nset()\n",[17,97954,97955,97959],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,97956,97957],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,97958,11997],{"class":4043},[67,97960,97961,97963],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,97962,6479],{"class":362},[67,97964,121],{"class":81},[14,97966,97967],{},"Do not do this:",[58,97969,97971],{"className":60,"code":97970,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,97972,97973,97993,98007,98011],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,97974,97975,97977,97979,97981,97983,97985,97987,97989,97991],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,97976,74],{"class":73},[67,97978,78],{"class":77},[67,97980,10678],{"class":81},[67,97982,464],{"class":85},[67,97984,89],{"class":81},[67,97986,3182],{"class":85},[67,97988,89],{"class":81},[67,97990,2639],{"class":85},[67,97992,9496],{"class":81},[67,97994,97995,97997,97999,98001,98003,98005],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,97996,74],{"class":73},[67,97998,78],{"class":77},[67,98000,111],{"class":73},[67,98002,114],{"class":81},[67,98004,11570],{"class":117},[67,98006,121],{"class":81},[67,98008,98009],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,98010,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,98012,98013,98015,98017,98019],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,98014,135],{"class":134},[67,98016,138],{"class":81},[67,98018,154],{"class":117},[67,98020,144],{"class":81},[14,98022,159],{},[58,98024,98025],{"className":60,"code":11997,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,98026,98027],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98028,98029],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98030,11997],{"class":4043},[14,98032,22378,98033,2584,98035,98037,98038,98040,98041,114],{},[17,98034,54735],{},[17,98036,1103],{},", and then you assign that ",[17,98039,1103],{}," back to ",[17,98042,154],{},[53,98044,4707],{"id":4706},[14,98046,10934,98047,114],{},[17,98048,97384],{},[1109,98050,12784,98052],{"id":98051},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[17,98053,11508],{},[14,98055,16831],{},[58,98057,98059],{"className":60,"code":98058,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[17,98060,98061,98081,98095],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98062,98063,98065,98067,98069,98071,98073,98075,98077,98079],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98064,15816],{"class":73},[67,98066,78],{"class":77},[67,98068,10678],{"class":81},[67,98070,464],{"class":85},[67,98072,89],{"class":81},[67,98074,3182],{"class":85},[67,98076,89],{"class":81},[67,98078,2639],{"class":85},[67,98080,9496],{"class":81},[67,98082,98083,98085,98087,98089,98091,98093],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,98084,15816],{"class":73},[67,98086,78],{"class":77},[67,98088,96908],{"class":73},[67,98090,114],{"class":81},[67,98092,11570],{"class":117},[67,98094,121],{"class":81},[67,98096,98097,98099,98101,98103],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,98098,135],{"class":134},[67,98100,138],{"class":81},[67,98102,15854],{"class":117},[67,98104,144],{"class":81},[14,98106,159],{},[58,98108,98109],{"className":60,"code":11997,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,98110,98111],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98112,98113],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98114,11997],{"class":4043},[14,98116,16843],{},[58,98118,98120],{"className":60,"code":98119,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[17,98121,98122,98142,98152],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98123,98124,98126,98128,98130,98132,98134,98136,98138,98140],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98125,15816],{"class":73},[67,98127,78],{"class":77},[67,98129,10678],{"class":81},[67,98131,464],{"class":85},[67,98133,89],{"class":81},[67,98135,3182],{"class":85},[67,98137,89],{"class":81},[67,98139,2639],{"class":85},[67,98141,9496],{"class":81},[67,98143,98144,98146,98148,98150],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,98145,15854],{"class":73},[67,98147,114],{"class":81},[67,98149,11570],{"class":117},[67,98151,121],{"class":81},[67,98153,98154,98156,98158,98160],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,98155,135],{"class":134},[67,98157,138],{"class":81},[67,98159,15854],{"class":117},[67,98161,144],{"class":81},[14,98163,159],{},[58,98165,98166],{"className":60,"code":97442,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,98167,98168],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98169,98170,98172],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98171,6479],{"class":362},[67,98173,121],{"class":81},[1109,98175,1930,98177,98179],{"id":98176},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[17,98178,11508],{}," to remove only one item",[14,98181,98182,98184,98185,98187],{},[17,98183,11508],{}," removes ",[3934,98186,3906],{}," items from the set.",[14,98189,98190,98191,3068,98196,114],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[45,98192,98194],{"href":98193},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[17,98195,50],{},[45,98197,98199],{"href":98198},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[17,98200,39],{},[1109,98202,8604,98204,98206],{"id":98203},"using-for-an-empty-set",[17,98205,3983],{}," for an empty set",[14,98208,25879],{},[58,98210,98212],{"className":60,"code":98211,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[17,98213,98214,98223],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98215,98216,98219,98221],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98217,98218],{"class":73},"empty_value ",[67,98220,78],{"class":77},[67,98222,10025],{"class":81},[67,98224,98225,98227,98229,98231,98233,98236],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,98226,135],{"class":134},[67,98228,138],{"class":81},[67,98230,2011],{"class":362},[67,98232,138],{"class":81},[67,98234,98235],{"class":117},"empty_value",[67,98237,1426],{"class":81},[14,98239,159],{},[58,98241,98242],{"className":60,"code":8994,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,98243,98244],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98245,98246,98248,98250,98252,98254,98256],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98247,1397],{"class":77},[67,98249,3482],{"class":2254},[67,98251,342],{"class":239},[67,98253,9007],{"class":243},[67,98255,333],{"class":239},[67,98257,3491],{"class":77},[14,98259,98260,8974],{},[17,98261,3983],{},[14,98263,98264],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[58,98266,98268],{"className":60,"code":98267,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[17,98269,98270,98281],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98271,98272,98275,98277,98279],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98273,98274],{"class":73},"empty_set ",[67,98276,78],{"class":77},[67,98278,15821],{"class":362},[67,98280,121],{"class":81},[67,98282,98283,98285,98287,98289,98291,98294],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,98284,135],{"class":134},[67,98286,138],{"class":81},[67,98288,2011],{"class":362},[67,98290,138],{"class":81},[67,98292,98293],{"class":117},"empty_set",[67,98295,1426],{"class":81},[14,98297,159],{},[58,98299,98300],{"className":60,"code":9038,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,98301,98302],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98303,98304,98306,98308,98310,98312,98314],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98305,1397],{"class":77},[67,98307,3482],{"class":2254},[67,98309,342],{"class":239},[67,98311,6479],{"class":243},[67,98313,333],{"class":239},[67,98315,3491],{"class":77},[1109,98317,98319],{"id":98318},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[58,98321,98323],{"className":60,"code":98322,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[17,98324,98325,98349,98357,98361,98371,98375,98385],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98326,98327,98329,98331,98333,98335,98337,98339,98341,98343,98345,98347],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98328,2744],{"class":73},[67,98330,78],{"class":77},[67,98332,10678],{"class":81},[67,98334,240],{"class":239},[67,98336,2361],{"class":243},[67,98338,240],{"class":239},[67,98340,89],{"class":81},[67,98342,251],{"class":239},[67,98344,11934],{"class":243},[67,98346,240],{"class":239},[67,98348,9496],{"class":81},[67,98350,98351,98353,98355],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,98352,2772],{"class":73},[67,98354,78],{"class":77},[67,98356,36357],{"class":73},[67,98358,98359],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,98360,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,98362,98363,98365,98367,98369],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,98364,45],{"class":73},[67,98366,114],{"class":81},[67,98368,11570],{"class":117},[67,98370,121],{"class":81},[67,98372,98373],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,98374,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,98376,98377,98379,98381,98383],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,98378,135],{"class":134},[67,98380,138],{"class":81},[67,98382,45],{"class":117},[67,98384,144],{"class":81},[67,98386,98387,98389,98391,98393],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,98388,135],{"class":134},[67,98390,138],{"class":81},[67,98392,428],{"class":117},[67,98394,144],{"class":81},[14,98396,159],{},[58,98398,98399],{"className":60,"code":97716,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,98400,98401,98407],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98402,98403,98405],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98404,6479],{"class":362},[67,98406,121],{"class":81},[67,98408,98409,98411],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,98410,6479],{"class":362},[67,98412,121],{"class":81},[14,98414,29248,98415,961,98417,98419],{},[17,98416,45],{},[17,98418,428],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[53,98421,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,98423,5331,98425,5334],{"id":98424},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[17,98426,97384],{},[14,98428,5337,98429,98431],{},[17,98430,1103],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1109,98433,12894,98435,98437],{"id":98434},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[17,98436,11508],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98439,98440],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1109,98442,98444],{"id":98443},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98446,98447,98448,98450,98451,114],{},"You already have one after ",[17,98449,11508],{},". Printing it shows ",[17,98452,3988],{},[1109,98454,5369,98456,961,98458,2681],{"id":98455},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[17,98457,11508],{},[17,98459,3988],{},[14,98461,98462,98464,98465,98467],{},[17,98463,11508],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[17,98466,3988],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[53,98469,2094],{"id":2093},[25,98471,98472,98476,98480,98487,98493,98499],{},[28,98473,98474],{},[45,98475,96312],{"href":97483},[28,98477,98478],{},[45,98479,97322],{"href":97867},[28,98481,98482],{},[45,98483,96798,98485,946],{"href":98484},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[17,98486,96187],{},[28,98488,98489],{},[45,98490,96798,98491,946],{"href":98193},[17,98492,50],{},[28,98494,98495],{},[45,98496,96798,98497,946],{"href":98198},[17,98498,39],{},[28,98500,98501],{},[45,98502,96798,98504,946],{"href":98503},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[17,98505,15141],{},[2122,98507,98508],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":98510},[98511,98513,98514,98515,98522,98523,98532,98541],{"id":97458,"depth":103,"text":98512},"What set.clear() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":97622,"depth":103,"text":98516,"children":98517},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98518,98520],{"id":97635,"depth":124,"text":98519},"Using clear()",{"id":97739,"depth":124,"text":98521},"Using set()",{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607},{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":98524},[98525,98527,98529,98531],{"id":98051,"depth":124,"text":98526},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98176,"depth":124,"text":98528},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98203,"depth":124,"text":98530},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98318,"depth":124,"text":98319},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":98533},[98534,98536,98538,98539],{"id":98424,"depth":124,"text":98535},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98434,"depth":124,"text":98537},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98443,"depth":124,"text":98444},{"id":98455,"depth":124,"text":98540},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97372,"description":98542},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98549,"title":98550,"body":98551,"description":100383,"extension":2153,"meta":100384,"navigation":127,"path":96315,"seo":100385,"stem":100386,"__hash__":100387},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98552,"toc":100340},[98553,98556,98559,98562,98564,98667,98671,98718,98724,98726,98745,98749,98752,98754,98768,98777,98781,98784,98819,98823,98843,98846,98850,98853,98914,98918,98943,98950,98956,98961,98963,98975,98979,99028,99032,99056,99063,99067,99108,99112,99133,99137,99170,99174,99215,99218,99222,99227,99266,99270,99295,99300,99306,99343,99347,99370,99374,99376,99379,99382,99459,99463,99500,99503,99507,99513,99516,99526,99575,99581,99587,99614,99617,99639,99641,99672,99675,99679,99683,99722,99726,99789,99792,99825,99829,99854,99856,99859,99865,99868,99895,99898,99916,99920,99924,99927,99970,99973,99977,99980,99983,100013,100016,100020,100023,100038,100043,100047,100050,100139,100141,100144,100234,100237,100255,100257,100261,100271,100275,100283,100287,100290,100294,100297,100301,100304,100306,100334,100337],[10,98554,98550],{"id":98555},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98557,98558],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98560,98561],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[53,98563,3798],{"id":3797},[58,98565,98567],{"className":60,"code":98566,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[17,98568,98569,98589,98623,98633,98637,98647,98657],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98570,98571,98573,98575,98577,98579,98581,98583,98585,98587],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98572,74],{"class":73},[67,98574,78],{"class":77},[67,98576,10678],{"class":81},[67,98578,464],{"class":85},[67,98580,89],{"class":81},[67,98582,3182],{"class":85},[67,98584,89],{"class":81},[67,98586,2639],{"class":85},[67,98588,9496],{"class":81},[67,98590,98591,98593,98595,98597,98599,98601,98603,98605,98607,98609,98611,98613,98615,98617,98619,98621],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,98592,4261],{"class":73},[67,98594,78],{"class":77},[67,98596,15821],{"class":362},[67,98598,370],{"class":81},[67,98600,240],{"class":239},[67,98602,689],{"class":243},[67,98604,240],{"class":239},[67,98606,89],{"class":81},[67,98608,251],{"class":239},[67,98610,698],{"class":243},[67,98612,240],{"class":239},[67,98614,89],{"class":81},[67,98616,251],{"class":239},[67,98618,689],{"class":243},[67,98620,240],{"class":239},[67,98622,376],{"class":81},[67,98624,98625,98627,98629,98631],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,98626,98274],{"class":73},[67,98628,78],{"class":77},[67,98630,15821],{"class":362},[67,98632,121],{"class":81},[67,98634,98635],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,98636,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,98638,98639,98641,98643,98645],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,98640,135],{"class":134},[67,98642,138],{"class":81},[67,98644,154],{"class":117},[67,98646,144],{"class":81},[67,98648,98649,98651,98653,98655],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,98650,135],{"class":134},[67,98652,138],{"class":81},[67,98654,4302],{"class":117},[67,98656,144],{"class":81},[67,98658,98659,98661,98663,98665],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,98660,135],{"class":134},[67,98662,138],{"class":81},[67,98664,98293],{"class":117},[67,98666,144],{"class":81},[14,98668,98669],{},[3934,98670,159],{},[58,98672,98674],{"className":60,"code":98673,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[17,98675,98676,98692,98712],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98677,98678,98680,98682,98684,98686,98688,98690],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98679,9465],{"class":81},[67,98681,464],{"class":85},[67,98683,89],{"class":81},[67,98685,3182],{"class":85},[67,98687,89],{"class":81},[67,98689,2639],{"class":85},[67,98691,9496],{"class":81},[67,98693,98694,98696,98698,98700,98702,98704,98706,98708,98710],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,98695,9465],{"class":81},[67,98697,333],{"class":239},[67,98699,698],{"class":243},[67,98701,333],{"class":239},[67,98703,89],{"class":81},[67,98705,342],{"class":239},[67,98707,689],{"class":243},[67,98709,333],{"class":239},[67,98711,9496],{"class":81},[67,98713,98714,98716],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,98715,6479],{"class":362},[67,98717,121],{"class":81},[14,98719,98720,98721,98723],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[17,98722,3988],{}," for an empty set.",[53,98725,15350],{"id":15349},[25,98727,98728,98731,98736,98739,98742],{},[28,98729,98730],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[28,98732,98733,98734],{},"How to create a set with ",[17,98735,3988],{},[28,98737,98738],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[28,98740,98741],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[28,98743,98744],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[53,98746,98748],{"id":98747},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98750,98751],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98753,30724],{},[25,98755,98756,98759,98762,98765],{},[28,98757,98758],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[28,98760,98761],{},"Sets are unordered",[28,98763,98764],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[28,98766,98767],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98769,98770,98771,3068,98773,114],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[45,98772,96312],{"href":97483},[45,98774,98776],{"href":98775},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[53,98778,98780],{"id":98779},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98782,98783],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[58,98785,98787],{"className":60,"code":98786,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,98788,98789,98809],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98790,98791,98793,98795,98797,98799,98801,98803,98805,98807],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98792,74],{"class":73},[67,98794,78],{"class":77},[67,98796,10678],{"class":81},[67,98798,464],{"class":85},[67,98800,89],{"class":81},[67,98802,3182],{"class":85},[67,98804,89],{"class":81},[67,98806,2639],{"class":85},[67,98808,9496],{"class":81},[67,98810,98811,98813,98815,98817],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,98812,135],{"class":134},[67,98814,138],{"class":81},[67,98816,154],{"class":117},[67,98818,144],{"class":81},[14,98820,98821],{},[3934,98822,30213],{},[58,98824,98825],{"className":60,"code":96591,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,98826,98827],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98828,98829,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839,98841],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98830,9465],{"class":81},[67,98832,464],{"class":85},[67,98834,89],{"class":81},[67,98836,3182],{"class":85},[67,98838,89],{"class":81},[67,98840,2639],{"class":85},[67,98842,9496],{"class":81},[14,98844,98845],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1109,98847,98849],{"id":98848},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98851,98852],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[58,98854,98856],{"className":60,"code":98855,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[17,98857,98858,98890,98900],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98859,98860,98862,98864,98866,98868,98870,98872,98874,98876,98878,98880,98882,98884,98886,98888],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98861,74],{"class":73},[67,98863,78],{"class":77},[67,98865,10678],{"class":81},[67,98867,464],{"class":85},[67,98869,89],{"class":81},[67,98871,3182],{"class":85},[67,98873,89],{"class":81},[67,98875,3182],{"class":85},[67,98877,89],{"class":81},[67,98879,2639],{"class":85},[67,98881,89],{"class":81},[67,98883,2639],{"class":85},[67,98885,89],{"class":81},[67,98887,2639],{"class":85},[67,98889,9496],{"class":81},[67,98891,98892,98894,98896,98898],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,98893,135],{"class":134},[67,98895,138],{"class":81},[67,98897,154],{"class":117},[67,98899,144],{"class":81},[67,98901,98902,98904,98906,98908,98910,98912],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,98903,135],{"class":134},[67,98905,138],{"class":81},[67,98907,1964],{"class":134},[67,98909,138],{"class":81},[67,98911,154],{"class":117},[67,98913,1426],{"class":81},[14,98915,98916],{},[3934,98917,30213],{},[58,98919,98921],{"className":60,"code":98920,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[17,98922,98923,98939],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98924,98925,98927,98929,98931,98933,98935,98937],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98926,9465],{"class":81},[67,98928,464],{"class":85},[67,98930,89],{"class":81},[67,98932,3182],{"class":85},[67,98934,89],{"class":81},[67,98936,2639],{"class":85},[67,98938,9496],{"class":81},[67,98940,98941],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,98942,46795],{"class":85},[14,98944,21166,98945,961,98947,98949],{},[17,98946,2245],{},[17,98948,2251],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[53,98951,98953,98954],{"id":98952},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[17,98955,3988],{},[14,98957,185,98958,98960],{},[17,98959,3988],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,98962,5648],{},[25,98964,98965,98967,98969,98971],{},[28,98966,97071],{},[28,98968,96367],{},[28,98970,56634],{},[28,98972,98973],{},[17,98974,36380],{},[1109,98976,98978],{"id":98977},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[58,98980,98982],{"className":60,"code":98981,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,98983,98984,99018],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,98985,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996,98998,99000,99002,99004,99006,99008,99010,99012,99014,99016],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,98987,74],{"class":73},[67,98989,78],{"class":77},[67,98991,15821],{"class":362},[67,98993,370],{"class":81},[67,98995,464],{"class":85},[67,98997,89],{"class":81},[67,98999,3182],{"class":85},[67,99001,89],{"class":81},[67,99003,3182],{"class":85},[67,99005,89],{"class":81},[67,99007,2639],{"class":85},[67,99009,89],{"class":81},[67,99011,2639],{"class":85},[67,99013,89],{"class":81},[67,99015,2645],{"class":85},[67,99017,376],{"class":81},[67,99019,99020,99022,99024,99026],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99021,135],{"class":134},[67,99023,138],{"class":81},[67,99025,154],{"class":117},[67,99027,144],{"class":81},[14,99029,99030],{},[3934,99031,30213],{},[58,99033,99034],{"className":60,"code":96254,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,99035,99036],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99037,99038,99040,99042,99044,99046,99048,99050,99052,99054],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99039,9465],{"class":81},[67,99041,464],{"class":85},[67,99043,89],{"class":81},[67,99045,3182],{"class":85},[67,99047,89],{"class":81},[67,99049,2639],{"class":85},[67,99051,89],{"class":81},[67,99053,2645],{"class":85},[67,99055,9496],{"class":81},[14,99057,99058,99059,114],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[45,99060,99062],{"href":99061},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1109,99064,99066],{"id":99065},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[58,99068,99070],{"className":60,"code":99069,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[17,99071,99072,99098],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99073,99074,99076,99078,99080,99082,99084,99086,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99075,4014],{"class":73},[67,99077,78],{"class":77},[67,99079,15821],{"class":362},[67,99081,5702],{"class":81},[67,99083,86],{"class":85},[67,99085,89],{"class":81},[67,99087,92],{"class":85},[67,99089,89],{"class":81},[67,99091,92],{"class":85},[67,99093,89],{"class":81},[67,99095,97],{"class":85},[67,99097,1426],{"class":81},[67,99099,99100,99102,99104,99106],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99101,135],{"class":134},[67,99103,138],{"class":81},[67,99105,5549],{"class":117},[67,99107,144],{"class":81},[14,99109,99110],{},[3934,99111,30213],{},[58,99113,99115],{"className":60,"code":99114,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[17,99116,99117],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99118,99119,99121,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99120,9465],{"class":81},[67,99122,86],{"class":85},[67,99124,89],{"class":81},[67,99126,92],{"class":85},[67,99128,89],{"class":81},[67,99130,97],{"class":85},[67,99132,9496],{"class":81},[1109,99134,99136],{"id":99135},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[58,99138,99140],{"className":60,"code":99139,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,99141,99142,99160],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99143,99144,99146,99148,99150,99152,99154,99156,99158],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99145,411],{"class":73},[67,99147,78],{"class":77},[67,99149,15821],{"class":362},[67,99151,138],{"class":81},[67,99153,240],{"class":239},[67,99155,4036],{"class":243},[67,99157,240],{"class":239},[67,99159,144],{"class":81},[67,99161,99162,99164,99166,99168],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99163,135],{"class":134},[67,99165,138],{"class":81},[67,99167,490],{"class":117},[67,99169,144],{"class":81},[14,99171,99172],{},[3934,99173,30213],{},[58,99175,99177],{"className":60,"code":99176,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[17,99178,99179],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99180,99181,99183,99185,99187,99189,99191,99193,99195,99197,99199,99201,99203,99205,99207,99209,99211,99213],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99182,9465],{"class":81},[67,99184,333],{"class":239},[67,99186,60607],{"class":243},[67,99188,333],{"class":239},[67,99190,89],{"class":81},[67,99192,342],{"class":239},[67,99194,60616],{"class":243},[67,99196,333],{"class":239},[67,99198,89],{"class":81},[67,99200,342],{"class":239},[67,99202,60625],{"class":243},[67,99204,333],{"class":239},[67,99206,89],{"class":81},[67,99208,342],{"class":239},[67,99210,60642],{"class":243},[67,99212,333],{"class":239},[67,99214,9496],{"class":81},[14,99216,99217],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[53,99219,99221],{"id":99220},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,99223,99224,99225,114],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[17,99226,3988],{},[58,99228,99230],{"className":60,"code":99229,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[17,99231,99232,99242,99252],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99233,99234,99236,99238,99240],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99235,98274],{"class":73},[67,99237,78],{"class":77},[67,99239,15821],{"class":362},[67,99241,121],{"class":81},[67,99243,99244,99246,99248,99250],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99245,135],{"class":134},[67,99247,138],{"class":81},[67,99249,98293],{"class":117},[67,99251,144],{"class":81},[67,99253,99254,99256,99258,99260,99262,99264],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,99255,135],{"class":134},[67,99257,138],{"class":81},[67,99259,2011],{"class":362},[67,99261,138],{"class":81},[67,99263,98293],{"class":117},[67,99265,1426],{"class":81},[14,99267,99268],{},[3934,99269,159],{},[58,99271,99273],{"className":60,"code":99272,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[17,99274,99275,99281],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99276,99277,99279],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99278,6479],{"class":362},[67,99280,121],{"class":81},[67,99282,99283,99285,99287,99289,99291,99293],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99284,1397],{"class":77},[67,99286,3482],{"class":2254},[67,99288,342],{"class":239},[67,99290,6479],{"class":243},[67,99292,333],{"class":239},[67,99294,3491],{"class":77},[1109,99296,44608,99298],{"id":99297},"do-not-use",[17,99299,3983],{},[14,99301,99302,99303,99305],{},"Empty braces do ",[3934,99304,4820],{}," create a set.",[58,99307,99309],{"className":60,"code":99308,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[17,99310,99311,99319,99329],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99312,99313,99315,99317],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99314,98218],{"class":73},[67,99316,78],{"class":77},[67,99318,10025],{"class":81},[67,99320,99321,99323,99325,99327],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99322,135],{"class":134},[67,99324,138],{"class":81},[67,99326,98235],{"class":117},[67,99328,144],{"class":81},[67,99330,99331,99333,99335,99337,99339,99341],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,99332,135],{"class":134},[67,99334,138],{"class":81},[67,99336,2011],{"class":362},[67,99338,138],{"class":81},[67,99340,98235],{"class":117},[67,99342,1426],{"class":81},[14,99344,99345],{},[3934,99346,159],{},[58,99348,99350],{"className":60,"code":99349,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[17,99351,99352,99356],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99353,99354],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99355,9622],{"class":81},[67,99357,99358,99360,99362,99364,99366,99368],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99359,1397],{"class":77},[67,99361,3482],{"class":2254},[67,99363,342],{"class":239},[67,99365,9007],{"class":243},[67,99367,333],{"class":239},[67,99369,3491],{"class":77},[14,99371,99372,8974],{},[17,99373,3983],{},[53,99375,72250],{"id":72249},[14,99377,99378],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99380,99381],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[58,99383,99385],{"className":60,"code":99384,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[17,99386,99387,99435,99445],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99388,99389,99391,99393,99395,99397,99399,99401,99403,99405,99407,99409,99411,99413,99415,99417,99419,99421,99423,99425,99427,99429,99431,99433],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99390,4261],{"class":73},[67,99392,78],{"class":77},[67,99394,10678],{"class":81},[67,99396,240],{"class":239},[67,99398,689],{"class":243},[67,99400,240],{"class":239},[67,99402,89],{"class":81},[67,99404,251],{"class":239},[67,99406,698],{"class":243},[67,99408,240],{"class":239},[67,99410,89],{"class":81},[67,99412,251],{"class":239},[67,99414,689],{"class":243},[67,99416,240],{"class":239},[67,99418,89],{"class":81},[67,99420,251],{"class":239},[67,99422,689],{"class":243},[67,99424,240],{"class":239},[67,99426,89],{"class":81},[67,99428,251],{"class":239},[67,99430,716],{"class":243},[67,99432,240],{"class":239},[67,99434,9496],{"class":81},[67,99436,99437,99439,99441,99443],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99438,135],{"class":134},[67,99440,138],{"class":81},[67,99442,4302],{"class":117},[67,99444,144],{"class":81},[67,99446,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455,99457],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,99448,135],{"class":134},[67,99450,138],{"class":81},[67,99452,1964],{"class":134},[67,99454,138],{"class":81},[67,99456,4302],{"class":117},[67,99458,1426],{"class":81},[14,99460,99461],{},[3934,99462,30213],{},[58,99464,99466],{"className":60,"code":99465,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[17,99467,99468,99496],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99469,99470,99472,99474,99476,99478,99480,99482,99484,99486,99488,99490,99492,99494],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99471,9465],{"class":81},[67,99473,333],{"class":239},[67,99475,698],{"class":243},[67,99477,333],{"class":239},[67,99479,89],{"class":81},[67,99481,342],{"class":239},[67,99483,716],{"class":243},[67,99485,333],{"class":239},[67,99487,89],{"class":81},[67,99489,342],{"class":239},[67,99491,689],{"class":243},[67,99493,333],{"class":239},[67,99495,9496],{"class":81},[67,99497,99498],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99499,46795],{"class":85},[14,99501,99502],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[53,99504,99506],{"id":99505},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99508,99509,99510,99512],{},"Set items must be ",[3934,99511,96355],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99514,99515],{},"These usually work:",[25,99517,99518,99520,99522,99524],{},[28,99519,56631],{},[28,99521,56634],{},[28,99523,96367],{},[28,99525,40774],{},[58,99527,99529],{"className":60,"code":99528,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[17,99530,99531,99565],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99532,99533,99535,99537,99539,99541,99543,99545,99547,99549,99551,99553,99555,99557,99559,99561,99563],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99534,4014],{"class":73},[67,99536,78],{"class":77},[67,99538,10678],{"class":81},[67,99540,464],{"class":85},[67,99542,89],{"class":81},[67,99544,251],{"class":239},[67,99546,689],{"class":243},[67,99548,240],{"class":239},[67,99550,89],{"class":81},[67,99552,9423],{"class":81},[67,99554,86],{"class":85},[67,99556,89],{"class":81},[67,99558,92],{"class":85},[67,99560,9420],{"class":81},[67,99562,4106],{"class":4043},[67,99564,9496],{"class":81},[67,99566,99567,99569,99571,99573],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99568,135],{"class":134},[67,99570,138],{"class":81},[67,99572,5549],{"class":117},[67,99574,144],{"class":81},[14,99576,99577,99578,99580],{},"These do ",[3934,99579,4820],{}," work directly:",[25,99582,99583,99585],{},[28,99584,97071],{},[28,99586,97074],{},[58,99588,99590],{"className":60,"code":99589,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[17,99591,99592],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99593,99594,99597,99599,99602,99604,99606,99608,99610,99612],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99595,99596],{"class":73},"bad_set ",[67,99598,78],{"class":77},[67,99600,99601],{"class":81}," {[",[67,99603,464],{"class":85},[67,99605,89],{"class":81},[67,99607,3182],{"class":85},[67,99609,89],{"class":81},[67,99611,2639],{"class":85},[67,99613,13892],{"class":81},[14,99615,99616],{},"This raises an error:",[58,99618,99619],{"className":60,"code":97130,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,99620,99621],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99622,99623,99625,99627,99629,99631,99633,99635,99637],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99624,1519],{"class":362},[67,99626,1161],{"class":81},[67,99628,97141],{"class":73},[67,99630,2011],{"class":362},[67,99632,1161],{"class":81},[67,99634,342],{"class":239},[67,99636,363],{"class":243},[67,99638,29887],{"class":239},[14,99640,52257],{},[58,99642,99644],{"className":60,"code":99643,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[17,99645,99646],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99647,99648,99650,99652,99655,99657,99659,99661,99663,99665,99667,99669],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99649,99596],{"class":73},[67,99651,78],{"class":77},[67,99653,99654],{"class":81}," {{",[67,99656,240],{"class":239},[67,99658,7860],{"class":243},[67,99660,240],{"class":239},[67,99662,1161],{"class":81},[67,99664,251],{"class":239},[67,99666,7869],{"class":243},[67,99668,240],{"class":239},[67,99670,99671],{"class":81},"}}\n",[14,99673,99674],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[53,99676,99678],{"id":99677},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1109,99680,99682],{"id":99681},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[58,99684,99686],{"className":60,"code":99685,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,99687,99688,99712],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99689,99690,99692,99694,99696,99698,99700,99702,99704,99706,99708,99710],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99691,74],{"class":73},[67,99693,78],{"class":77},[67,99695,10678],{"class":81},[67,99697,464],{"class":85},[67,99699,89],{"class":81},[67,99701,3182],{"class":85},[67,99703,89],{"class":81},[67,99705,2639],{"class":85},[67,99707,89],{"class":81},[67,99709,2645],{"class":85},[67,99711,9496],{"class":81},[67,99713,99714,99716,99718,99720],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99715,135],{"class":134},[67,99717,138],{"class":81},[67,99719,154],{"class":117},[67,99721,144],{"class":81},[1109,99723,99725],{"id":99724},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[58,99727,99729],{"className":60,"code":99728,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[17,99730,99731,99759,99774,99778],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99732,99733,99735,99737,99739,99741,99743,99745,99747,99749,99751,99753,99755,99757],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99734,1131],{"class":73},[67,99736,78],{"class":77},[67,99738,82],{"class":81},[67,99740,464],{"class":85},[67,99742,89],{"class":81},[67,99744,5689],{"class":85},[67,99746,89],{"class":81},[67,99748,3182],{"class":85},[67,99750,89],{"class":81},[67,99752,2639],{"class":85},[67,99754,89],{"class":81},[67,99756,2639],{"class":85},[67,99758,100],{"class":81},[67,99760,99761,99764,99766,99768,99770,99772],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99762,99763],{"class":73},"unique_items ",[67,99765,78],{"class":77},[67,99767,15821],{"class":362},[67,99769,138],{"class":81},[67,99771,1141],{"class":117},[67,99773,144],{"class":81},[67,99775,99776],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,99777,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,99779,99780,99782,99784,99787],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,99781,135],{"class":134},[67,99783,138],{"class":81},[67,99785,99786],{"class":117},"unique_items",[67,99788,144],{"class":81},[1109,99790,99136],{"id":99791},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[58,99793,99795],{"className":60,"code":99794,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,99796,99797,99815],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99798,99799,99801,99803,99805,99807,99809,99811,99813],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99800,411],{"class":73},[67,99802,78],{"class":77},[67,99804,15821],{"class":362},[67,99806,138],{"class":81},[67,99808,240],{"class":239},[67,99810,698],{"class":243},[67,99812,240],{"class":239},[67,99814,144],{"class":81},[67,99816,99817,99819,99821,99823],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99818,135],{"class":134},[67,99820,138],{"class":81},[67,99822,490],{"class":117},[67,99824,144],{"class":81},[1109,99826,99828],{"id":99827},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[58,99830,99832],{"className":60,"code":99831,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[17,99833,99834,99844],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99835,99836,99838,99840,99842],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99837,98274],{"class":73},[67,99839,78],{"class":77},[67,99841,15821],{"class":362},[67,99843,121],{"class":81},[67,99845,99846,99848,99850,99852],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99847,135],{"class":134},[67,99849,138],{"class":81},[67,99851,98293],{"class":117},[67,99853,144],{"class":81},[53,99855,1907],{"id":1906},[14,99857,99858],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1109,99860,8604,99862,99864],{"id":99861},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[17,99863,3983],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99866,99867],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[58,99869,99871],{"className":60,"code":99870,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,99872,99873,99881],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99874,99875,99877,99879],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99876,2634],{"class":73},[67,99878,78],{"class":77},[67,99880,10025],{"class":81},[67,99882,99883,99885,99887,99889,99891,99893],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99884,135],{"class":134},[67,99886,138],{"class":81},[67,99888,2011],{"class":362},[67,99890,138],{"class":81},[67,99892,2661],{"class":117},[67,99894,1426],{"class":81},[14,99896,99897],{},"This prints:",[58,99899,99900],{"className":60,"code":8994,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,99901,99902],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99903,99904,99906,99908,99910,99912,99914],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99905,1397],{"class":77},[67,99907,3482],{"class":2254},[67,99909,342],{"class":239},[67,99911,9007],{"class":243},[67,99913,333],{"class":239},[67,99915,3491],{"class":77},[14,99917,185,99918,6823],{},[17,99919,3988],{},[1109,99921,99923],{"id":99922},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,99925,99926],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[58,99928,99930],{"className":60,"code":99929,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,99931,99932,99960],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99933,99934,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950,99952,99954,99956,99958],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99935,74],{"class":73},[67,99937,78],{"class":77},[67,99939,10678],{"class":81},[67,99941,464],{"class":85},[67,99943,89],{"class":81},[67,99945,5689],{"class":85},[67,99947,89],{"class":81},[67,99949,3182],{"class":85},[67,99951,89],{"class":81},[67,99953,3182],{"class":85},[67,99955,89],{"class":81},[67,99957,2639],{"class":85},[67,99959,9496],{"class":81},[67,99961,99962,99964,99966,99968],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,99963,135],{"class":134},[67,99965,138],{"class":81},[67,99967,154],{"class":117},[67,99969,144],{"class":81},[14,99971,99972],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1109,99974,99976],{"id":99975},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,99978,99979],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,99981,99982],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[58,99984,99986],{"className":60,"code":99985,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[17,99987,99988,100008],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,99989,99990,99992,99994,99996,99998,100000,100002,100004,100006],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,99991,74],{"class":73},[67,99993,78],{"class":77},[67,99995,10678],{"class":81},[67,99997,86],{"class":85},[67,99999,89],{"class":81},[67,100001,92],{"class":85},[67,100003,89],{"class":81},[67,100005,97],{"class":85},[67,100007,9496],{"class":81},[67,100009,100010],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,100011,100012],{"class":3852},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,100014,100015],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1109,100017,100019],{"id":100018},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,100021,100022],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[58,100024,100026],{"className":60,"code":100025,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[17,100027,100028,100033],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,100029,100030],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,100031,100032],{"class":3852},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[67,100034,100035],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,100036,100037],{"class":3852},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,100039,100040,100041,114],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[17,100042,1519],{},[1109,100044,100046],{"id":100045},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,100048,100049],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[58,100051,100053],{"className":60,"code":100052,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[17,100054,100055,100075,100107,100111,100125],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,100056,100057,100059,100061,100063,100065,100067,100069,100071,100073],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,100058,15816],{"class":73},[67,100060,78],{"class":77},[67,100062,10678],{"class":81},[67,100064,464],{"class":85},[67,100066,89],{"class":81},[67,100068,3182],{"class":85},[67,100070,89],{"class":81},[67,100072,2639],{"class":85},[67,100074,9496],{"class":81},[67,100076,100077,100079,100081,100083,100085,100087,100089,100091,100093,100095,100097,100099,100101,100103,100105],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,100078,11913],{"class":73},[67,100080,78],{"class":77},[67,100082,10678],{"class":81},[67,100084,240],{"class":239},[67,100086,45],{"class":243},[67,100088,240],{"class":239},[67,100090,1161],{"class":81},[67,100092,5689],{"class":85},[67,100094,89],{"class":81},[67,100096,251],{"class":239},[67,100098,428],{"class":243},[67,100100,240],{"class":239},[67,100102,1161],{"class":81},[67,100104,3182],{"class":85},[67,100106,9496],{"class":81},[67,100108,100109],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,100110,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,100112,100113,100115,100117,100119,100121,100123],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,100114,135],{"class":134},[67,100116,138],{"class":81},[67,100118,2011],{"class":362},[67,100120,138],{"class":81},[67,100122,15854],{"class":117},[67,100124,1426],{"class":81},[67,100126,100127,100129,100131,100133,100135,100137],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,100128,135],{"class":134},[67,100130,138],{"class":81},[67,100132,2011],{"class":362},[67,100134,138],{"class":81},[67,100136,11637],{"class":117},[67,100138,1426],{"class":81},[53,100140,92767],{"id":92766},[14,100142,100143],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[58,100145,100147],{"className":60,"code":100146,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[17,100148,100149,100175,100179,100193,100203,100217,100224],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,100150,100151,100153,100155,100157,100159,100161,100163,100165,100167,100169,100171,100173],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,100152,15816],{"class":73},[67,100154,78],{"class":77},[67,100156,15821],{"class":362},[67,100158,370],{"class":81},[67,100160,464],{"class":85},[67,100162,89],{"class":81},[67,100164,3182],{"class":85},[67,100166,89],{"class":81},[67,100168,3182],{"class":85},[67,100170,89],{"class":81},[67,100172,2639],{"class":85},[67,100174,376],{"class":81},[67,100176,100177],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,100178,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,100180,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189,100191],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,100182,135],{"class":134},[67,100184,138],{"class":81},[67,100186,2011],{"class":362},[67,100188,138],{"class":81},[67,100190,15854],{"class":117},[67,100192,1426],{"class":81},[67,100194,100195,100197,100199,100201],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,100196,135],{"class":134},[67,100198,138],{"class":81},[67,100200,15854],{"class":117},[67,100202,144],{"class":81},[67,100204,100205,100207,100209,100211,100213,100215],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,100206,135],{"class":134},[67,100208,138],{"class":81},[67,100210,1964],{"class":134},[67,100212,138],{"class":81},[67,100214,15854],{"class":117},[67,100216,1426],{"class":81},[67,100218,100219,100221],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,100220,135],{"class":134},[67,100222,100223],{"class":81},"({})\n",[67,100225,100226,100228,100230,100232],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,100227,135],{"class":134},[67,100229,138],{"class":81},[67,100231,6479],{"class":362},[67,100233,1239],{"class":81},[14,100235,100236],{},"Use these to confirm:",[25,100238,100239,100242,100245,100248],{},[28,100240,100241],{},"The object type",[28,100243,100244],{},"The actual values stored",[28,100246,100247],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[28,100249,100250,100251,961,100253],{},"The difference between ",[17,100252,3983],{},[17,100254,3988],{},[53,100256,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,100258,100260],{"id":100259},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100262,100263,100264,100267,100268,100270],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[17,100265,100266],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[17,100269,3988],{}," with another iterable.",[1109,100272,100274],{"id":100273},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100276,185,100277,100279,100280,100282],{},[17,100278,3988],{},". Empty braces ",[17,100281,3983],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1109,100284,100286],{"id":100285},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100288,100289],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1109,100291,100293],{"id":100292},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100295,100296],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1109,100298,100300],{"id":100299},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100302,100303],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[53,100305,2094],{"id":2093},[25,100307,100308,100312,100318,100324,100329],{},[28,100309,100310],{},[45,100311,96312],{"href":97483},[28,100313,100314],{},[45,100315,3764,100316,946],{"href":98484},[17,100317,96192],{},[28,100319,100320],{},[45,100321,3764,100322,946],{"href":98503},[17,100323,97298],{},[28,100325,100326],{},[45,100327,100328],{"href":99061},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[28,100330,100331],{},[45,100332,100333],{"href":98775},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100335,100336],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2122,100338,100339],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":100341},[100342,100343,100344,100345,100348,100354,100358,100359,100360,100366,100374,100375,100382],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":15349,"depth":103,"text":15350},{"id":98747,"depth":103,"text":98748},{"id":98779,"depth":103,"text":98780,"children":100346},[100347],{"id":98848,"depth":124,"text":98849},{"id":98952,"depth":103,"text":100349,"children":100350},"Create a set with set()",[100351,100352,100353],{"id":98977,"depth":124,"text":98978},{"id":99065,"depth":124,"text":99066},{"id":99135,"depth":124,"text":99136},{"id":99220,"depth":103,"text":99221,"children":100355},[100356],{"id":99297,"depth":124,"text":100357},"Do not use {}",{"id":72249,"depth":103,"text":72250},{"id":99505,"depth":103,"text":99506},{"id":99677,"depth":103,"text":99678,"children":100361},[100362,100363,100364,100365],{"id":99681,"depth":124,"text":99682},{"id":99724,"depth":124,"text":99725},{"id":99791,"depth":124,"text":99136},{"id":99827,"depth":124,"text":99828},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":100367},[100368,100370,100371,100372,100373],{"id":99861,"depth":124,"text":100369},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99922,"depth":124,"text":99923},{"id":99975,"depth":124,"text":99976},{"id":100018,"depth":124,"text":100019},{"id":100045,"depth":124,"text":100046},{"id":92766,"depth":103,"text":92767},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":100376},[100377,100378,100379,100380,100381],{"id":100259,"depth":124,"text":100260},{"id":100273,"depth":124,"text":100274},{"id":100285,"depth":124,"text":100286},{"id":100292,"depth":124,"text":100293},{"id":100299,"depth":124,"text":100300},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98550,"description":100383},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100389,"title":100390,"body":100391,"description":102822,"extension":2153,"meta":102823,"navigation":127,"path":102824,"seo":102825,"stem":102826,"__hash__":102827},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100392,"toc":102787},[100393,100399,100405,100408,100410,100487,100489,100506,100516,100518,100523,100531,100533,100549,100553,100555,100557,100560,100581,100584,100608,100614,100616,100713,100715,100732,100742,100744,100746,100754,100756,100767,100769,100860,100862,100886,100897,100899,100901,100904,101034,101036,101109,101111,101132,101135,101137,101143,101148,101151,101278,101280,101297,101300,101302,101310,101313,101317,101325,101416,101418,101455,101460,101467,101544,101546,101562,101567,101572,101574,101583,101591,101672,101674,101703,101706,101710,101721,101724,101807,101809,101830,101836,101838,101840,101844,101848,101855,101920,101922,101942,101945,102014,102016,102032,102036,102042,102054,102062,102064,102149,102151,102180,102183,102187,102192,102194,102244,102247,102328,102330,102346,102350,102353,102428,102431,102435,102438,102515,102517,102550,102556,102560,102563,102698,102700,102714,102716,102718,102724,102727,102734,102742,102748,102751,102755,102758,102760,102762,102784],[10,100394,96184,100396,11509],{"id":100395},"python-set-difference-method",[17,100397,100398],{},"difference()",[14,100400,100401,100404],{},[17,100402,100403],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100406,100407],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[53,100409,3798],{"id":3797},[58,100411,100413],{"className":60,"code":100412,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[17,100414,100415,100439,100459,100477],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,100416,100417,100419,100421,100423,100425,100427,100429,100431,100433,100435,100437],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,100418,2744],{"class":73},[67,100420,78],{"class":77},[67,100422,10678],{"class":81},[67,100424,464],{"class":85},[67,100426,89],{"class":81},[67,100428,3182],{"class":85},[67,100430,89],{"class":81},[67,100432,2639],{"class":85},[67,100434,89],{"class":81},[67,100436,2645],{"class":85},[67,100438,9496],{"class":81},[67,100440,100441,100443,100445,100447,100449,100451,100453,100455,100457],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,100442,2772],{"class":73},[67,100444,78],{"class":77},[67,100446,10678],{"class":81},[67,100448,2251],{"class":85},[67,100450,89],{"class":81},[67,100452,2645],{"class":85},[67,100454,89],{"class":81},[67,100456,4794],{"class":85},[67,100458,9496],{"class":81},[67,100460,100461,100463,100465,100467,100469,100471,100473,100475],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,100462,2416],{"class":73},[67,100464,78],{"class":77},[67,100466,57056],{"class":73},[67,100468,114],{"class":81},[67,100470,3002],{"class":117},[67,100472,138],{"class":81},[67,100474,428],{"class":117},[67,100476,144],{"class":81},[67,100478,100479,100481,100483,100485],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,100480,135],{"class":134},[67,100482,138],{"class":81},[67,100484,2451],{"class":117},[67,100486,144],{"class":81},[14,100488,159],{},[58,100490,100492],{"className":60,"code":100491,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2}\n",[17,100493,100494],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,100495,100496,100498,100500,100502,100504],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,100497,9465],{"class":81},[67,100499,464],{"class":85},[67,100501,89],{"class":81},[67,100503,3182],{"class":85},[67,100505,9496],{"class":81},[14,100507,100508,100510,100511,100513,100514,114],{},[17,100509,100398],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[17,100512,45],{}," that are not in ",[17,100515,428],{},[45096,100517],{},[53,100519,3867,100521,3870],{"id":100520},"what-difference-does",[17,100522,100398],{},[14,100524,379,100525,100527,100528,100530],{},[17,100526,100398],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[3934,100529,4820],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100532,13241],{},[25,100534,100535,100540,100543,100546],{},[28,100536,100537,100539],{},[17,100538,100398],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[28,100541,100542],{},"It creates a new set",[28,100544,100545],{},"It does not change the original set",[28,100547,100548],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100550,96308,100551,114],{},[45,100552,96312],{"href":97483},[45096,100554],{},[53,100556,352],{"id":351},[14,100558,100559],{},"Use this form:",[58,100561,100563],{"className":60,"code":100562,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[17,100564,100565],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,100566,100567,100570,100572,100574,100576,100579],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,100568,100569],{"class":73},"set1",[67,100571,114],{"class":81},[67,100573,3002],{"class":117},[67,100575,138],{"class":81},[67,100577,100578],{"class":117},"set2",[67,100580,144],{"class":81},[14,100582,100583],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[58,100585,100587],{"className":60,"code":100586,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[17,100588,100589],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,100590,100591,100593,100595,100597,100599,100601,100603,100606],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,100592,100569],{"class":73},[67,100594,114],{"class":81},[67,100596,3002],{"class":117},[67,100598,138],{"class":81},[67,100600,100578],{"class":117},[67,100602,89],{"class":81},[67,100604,100605],{"class":117}," set3",[67,100607,144],{"class":81},[14,100609,100610,100611,100613],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[3934,100612,5544],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100615,222],{},[58,100617,100619],{"className":60,"code":100618,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[17,100620,100621,100649,100665,100677,100681,100703],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,100622,100623,100625,100627,100629,100631,100633,100635,100637,100639,100641,100643,100645,100647],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,100624,2744],{"class":73},[67,100626,78],{"class":77},[67,100628,10678],{"class":81},[67,100630,464],{"class":85},[67,100632,89],{"class":81},[67,100634,3182],{"class":85},[67,100636,89],{"class":81},[67,100638,2639],{"class":85},[67,100640,89],{"class":81},[67,100642,2645],{"class":85},[67,100644,89],{"class":81},[67,100646,4794],{"class":85},[67,100648,9496],{"class":81},[67,100650,100651,100653,100655,100657,100659,100661,100663],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,100652,2772],{"class":73},[67,100654,78],{"class":77},[67,100656,10678],{"class":81},[67,100658,2245],{"class":85},[67,100660,89],{"class":81},[67,100662,2639],{"class":85},[67,100664,9496],{"class":81},[67,100666,100667,100669,100671,100673,100675],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,100668,83167],{"class":73},[67,100670,78],{"class":77},[67,100672,10678],{"class":81},[67,100674,1308],{"class":85},[67,100676,9496],{"class":81},[67,100678,100679],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,100680,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,100682,100683,100685,100687,100689,100691,100693,100695,100697,100699,100701],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,100684,2416],{"class":73},[67,100686,78],{"class":77},[67,100688,57056],{"class":73},[67,100690,114],{"class":81},[67,100692,3002],{"class":117},[67,100694,138],{"class":81},[67,100696,428],{"class":117},[67,100698,89],{"class":81},[67,100700,9869],{"class":117},[67,100702,144],{"class":81},[67,100704,100705,100707,100709,100711],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,100706,135],{"class":134},[67,100708,138],{"class":81},[67,100710,2451],{"class":117},[67,100712,144],{"class":81},[14,100714,159],{},[58,100716,100718],{"className":60,"code":100717,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 4}\n",[17,100719,100720],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,100721,100722,100724,100726,100728,100730],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,100723,9465],{"class":81},[67,100725,464],{"class":85},[67,100727,89],{"class":81},[67,100729,2645],{"class":85},[67,100731,9496],{"class":81},[14,100733,100734,100735,100737,100738,3068,100740,114],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[17,100736,45],{}," and removes anything found in ",[17,100739,428],{},[17,100741,437],{},[45096,100743],{},[53,100745,17607],{"id":17606},[14,100747,100748,100750,100751,114],{},[17,100749,100398],{}," always returns a ",[3934,100752,100753],{},"new set",[14,100755,208],{},[25,100757,100758,100761,100764],{},[28,100759,100760],{},"The return value is a new set",[28,100762,100763],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[28,100765,100766],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100768,222],{},[58,100770,100772],{"className":60,"code":100771,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,100773,100774,100790,100810,100814,100832,100836,100846],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,100775,100776,100778,100780,100782,100784,100786,100788],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,100777,2744],{"class":73},[67,100779,78],{"class":77},[67,100781,10678],{"class":81},[67,100783,464],{"class":85},[67,100785,89],{"class":81},[67,100787,3182],{"class":85},[67,100789,9496],{"class":81},[67,100791,100792,100794,100796,100798,100800,100802,100804,100806,100808],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,100793,2772],{"class":73},[67,100795,78],{"class":77},[67,100797,10678],{"class":81},[67,100799,464],{"class":85},[67,100801,89],{"class":81},[67,100803,3182],{"class":85},[67,100805,89],{"class":81},[67,100807,2639],{"class":85},[67,100809,9496],{"class":81},[67,100811,100812],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,100813,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,100815,100816,100818,100820,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,100817,2416],{"class":73},[67,100819,78],{"class":77},[67,100821,57056],{"class":73},[67,100823,114],{"class":81},[67,100825,3002],{"class":117},[67,100827,138],{"class":81},[67,100829,428],{"class":117},[67,100831,144],{"class":81},[67,100833,100834],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,100835,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,100837,100838,100840,100842,100844],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,100839,135],{"class":134},[67,100841,138],{"class":81},[67,100843,2451],{"class":117},[67,100845,144],{"class":81},[67,100847,100848,100850,100852,100854,100856,100858],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,100849,135],{"class":134},[67,100851,138],{"class":81},[67,100853,2011],{"class":362},[67,100855,138],{"class":81},[67,100857,2451],{"class":117},[67,100859,1426],{"class":81},[14,100861,159],{},[58,100863,100864],{"className":60,"code":99272,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,100865,100866,100872],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,100867,100868,100870],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,100869,6479],{"class":362},[67,100871,121],{"class":81},[67,100873,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,100875,1397],{"class":77},[67,100877,3482],{"class":2254},[67,100879,342],{"class":239},[67,100881,6479],{"class":243},[67,100883,333],{"class":239},[67,100885,3491],{"class":77},[14,100887,100888,100889,19151,100891,100893,100894,100896],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[17,100890,3988],{},[17,100892,3983],{},". In Python, ",[17,100895,3983],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45096,100898],{},[53,100900,11663],{"id":11662},[14,100902,100903],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[58,100905,100907],{"className":60,"code":100906,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[17,100908,100909,100942,100975,100979,100999,101003,101013,101024],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,100910,100911,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924,100926,100928,100930,100932,100934,100936,100938,100940],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,100912,100913],{"class":73},"fruits_a ",[67,100915,78],{"class":77},[67,100917,10678],{"class":81},[67,100919,240],{"class":239},[67,100921,689],{"class":243},[67,100923,240],{"class":239},[67,100925,89],{"class":81},[67,100927,251],{"class":239},[67,100929,698],{"class":243},[67,100931,240],{"class":239},[67,100933,89],{"class":81},[67,100935,251],{"class":239},[67,100937,716],{"class":243},[67,100939,240],{"class":239},[67,100941,9496],{"class":81},[67,100943,100944,100947,100949,100951,100953,100955,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965,100967,100969,100971,100973],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,100945,100946],{"class":73},"fruits_b ",[67,100948,78],{"class":77},[67,100950,10678],{"class":81},[67,100952,240],{"class":239},[67,100954,698],{"class":243},[67,100956,240],{"class":239},[67,100958,89],{"class":81},[67,100960,251],{"class":239},[67,100962,716],{"class":243},[67,100964,240],{"class":239},[67,100966,89],{"class":81},[67,100968,251],{"class":239},[67,100970,22722],{"class":243},[67,100972,240],{"class":239},[67,100974,9496],{"class":81},[67,100976,100977],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,100978,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,100980,100981,100983,100985,100988,100990,100992,100994,100997],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,100982,2416],{"class":73},[67,100984,78],{"class":77},[67,100986,100987],{"class":73}," fruits_a",[67,100989,114],{"class":81},[67,100991,3002],{"class":117},[67,100993,138],{"class":81},[67,100995,100996],{"class":117},"fruits_b",[67,100998,144],{"class":81},[67,101000,101001],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,101002,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,101004,101005,101007,101009,101011],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,101006,135],{"class":134},[67,101008,138],{"class":81},[67,101010,2451],{"class":117},[67,101012,144],{"class":81},[67,101014,101015,101017,101019,101022],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,101016,135],{"class":134},[67,101018,138],{"class":81},[67,101020,101021],{"class":117},"fruits_a",[67,101023,144],{"class":81},[67,101025,101026,101028,101030,101032],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,101027,135],{"class":134},[67,101029,138],{"class":81},[67,101031,100996],{"class":117},[67,101033,144],{"class":81},[14,101035,30213],{},[58,101037,101039],{"className":60,"code":101038,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[17,101040,101041,101053,101081],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,101042,101043,101045,101047,101049,101051],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,101044,9465],{"class":81},[67,101046,333],{"class":239},[67,101048,689],{"class":243},[67,101050,333],{"class":239},[67,101052,9496],{"class":81},[67,101054,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073,101075,101077,101079],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,101056,9465],{"class":81},[67,101058,333],{"class":239},[67,101060,698],{"class":243},[67,101062,333],{"class":239},[67,101064,89],{"class":81},[67,101066,342],{"class":239},[67,101068,716],{"class":243},[67,101070,333],{"class":239},[67,101072,89],{"class":81},[67,101074,342],{"class":239},[67,101076,689],{"class":243},[67,101078,333],{"class":239},[67,101080,9496],{"class":81},[67,101082,101083,101085,101087,101089,101091,101093,101095,101097,101099,101101,101103,101105,101107],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,101084,9465],{"class":81},[67,101086,333],{"class":239},[67,101088,698],{"class":243},[67,101090,333],{"class":239},[67,101092,89],{"class":81},[67,101094,342],{"class":239},[67,101096,716],{"class":243},[67,101098,333],{"class":239},[67,101100,89],{"class":81},[67,101102,342],{"class":239},[67,101104,22722],{"class":243},[67,101106,333],{"class":239},[67,101108,9496],{"class":81},[14,101110,11872],{},[25,101112,101113,101118,101123,101129],{},[28,101114,101115,101116],{},"Start with ",[17,101117,101021],{},[28,101119,101120,101121],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[17,101122,100996],{},[28,101124,101125,101126,101128],{},"Only ",[17,101127,58002],{}," remains",[28,101130,101131],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,101133,101134],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45096,101136],{},[53,101138,8604,101140,101142],{"id":101139},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[17,101141,100398],{}," with multiple sets",[14,101144,101145,101146,114],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[17,101147,100398],{},[14,101149,101150],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[58,101152,101154],{"className":60,"code":101153,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[17,101155,101156,101188,101205,101218,101235,101239,101268],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,101157,101158,101160,101162,101164,101166,101168,101170,101172,101174,101176,101178,101180,101182,101184,101186],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,101159,74],{"class":73},[67,101161,78],{"class":77},[67,101163,10678],{"class":81},[67,101165,464],{"class":85},[67,101167,89],{"class":81},[67,101169,3182],{"class":85},[67,101171,89],{"class":81},[67,101173,2639],{"class":85},[67,101175,89],{"class":81},[67,101177,2645],{"class":85},[67,101179,89],{"class":81},[67,101181,4794],{"class":85},[67,101183,89],{"class":81},[67,101185,37823],{"class":85},[67,101187,9496],{"class":81},[67,101189,101190,101193,101195,101197,101199,101201,101203],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,101191,101192],{"class":73},"group_a ",[67,101194,78],{"class":77},[67,101196,10678],{"class":81},[67,101198,2245],{"class":85},[67,101200,89],{"class":81},[67,101202,2645],{"class":85},[67,101204,9496],{"class":81},[67,101206,101207,101210,101212,101214,101216],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,101208,101209],{"class":73},"group_b ",[67,101211,78],{"class":77},[67,101213,10678],{"class":81},[67,101215,1308],{"class":85},[67,101217,9496],{"class":81},[67,101219,101220,101223,101225,101227,101229,101231,101233],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,101221,101222],{"class":73},"group_c ",[67,101224,78],{"class":77},[67,101226,10678],{"class":81},[67,101228,80575],{"class":85},[67,101230,89],{"class":81},[67,101232,6185],{"class":85},[67,101234,9496],{"class":81},[67,101236,101237],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,101238,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,101240,101241,101243,101245,101247,101249,101251,101253,101256,101258,101261,101263,101266],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,101242,2416],{"class":73},[67,101244,78],{"class":77},[67,101246,111],{"class":73},[67,101248,114],{"class":81},[67,101250,3002],{"class":117},[67,101252,138],{"class":81},[67,101254,101255],{"class":117},"group_a",[67,101257,89],{"class":81},[67,101259,101260],{"class":117}," group_b",[67,101262,89],{"class":81},[67,101264,101265],{"class":117}," group_c",[67,101267,144],{"class":81},[67,101269,101270,101272,101274,101276],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,101271,135],{"class":134},[67,101273,138],{"class":81},[67,101275,2451],{"class":117},[67,101277,144],{"class":81},[14,101279,159],{},[58,101281,101283],{"className":60,"code":101282,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 3}\n",[17,101284,101285],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,101286,101287,101289,101291,101293,101295],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,101288,9465],{"class":81},[67,101290,464],{"class":85},[67,101292,89],{"class":81},[67,101294,2639],{"class":85},[67,101296,9496],{"class":81},[14,101298,101299],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45096,101301],{},[53,101303,101305,10773,101307],{"id":101304},"difference-vs-difference_update",[17,101306,100398],{},[17,101308,101309],{},"difference_update()",[14,101311,101312],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1109,101314,101315],{"id":3002},[17,101316,100398],{},[25,101318,101319,101322],{},[28,101320,101321],{},"Returns a new set",[28,101323,101324],{},"Does not change the original set",[58,101326,101328],{"className":60,"code":101327,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[17,101329,101330,101354,101370,101374,101392,101396,101406],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,101331,101332,101334,101336,101338,101340,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,101333,2744],{"class":73},[67,101335,78],{"class":77},[67,101337,10678],{"class":81},[67,101339,464],{"class":85},[67,101341,89],{"class":81},[67,101343,3182],{"class":85},[67,101345,89],{"class":81},[67,101347,2639],{"class":85},[67,101349,89],{"class":81},[67,101351,2645],{"class":85},[67,101353,9496],{"class":81},[67,101355,101356,101358,101360,101362,101364,101366,101368],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,101357,2772],{"class":73},[67,101359,78],{"class":77},[67,101361,10678],{"class":81},[67,101363,2251],{"class":85},[67,101365,89],{"class":81},[67,101367,2645],{"class":85},[67,101369,9496],{"class":81},[67,101371,101372],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,101373,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,101375,101376,101378,101380,101382,101384,101386,101388,101390],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,101377,2416],{"class":73},[67,101379,78],{"class":77},[67,101381,57056],{"class":73},[67,101383,114],{"class":81},[67,101385,3002],{"class":117},[67,101387,138],{"class":81},[67,101389,428],{"class":117},[67,101391,144],{"class":81},[67,101393,101394],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,101395,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,101397,101398,101400,101402,101404],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,101399,135],{"class":134},[67,101401,138],{"class":81},[67,101403,2451],{"class":117},[67,101405,144],{"class":81},[67,101407,101408,101410,101412,101414],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,101409,135],{"class":134},[67,101411,138],{"class":81},[67,101413,45],{"class":117},[67,101415,144],{"class":81},[14,101417,159],{},[58,101419,101421],{"className":60,"code":101420,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,101422,101423,101435],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,101424,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,101426,9465],{"class":81},[67,101428,464],{"class":85},[67,101430,89],{"class":81},[67,101432,3182],{"class":85},[67,101434,9496],{"class":81},[67,101436,101437,101439,101441,101443,101445,101447,101449,101451,101453],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,101438,9465],{"class":81},[67,101440,464],{"class":85},[67,101442,89],{"class":81},[67,101444,3182],{"class":85},[67,101446,89],{"class":81},[67,101448,2639],{"class":85},[67,101450,89],{"class":81},[67,101452,2645],{"class":85},[67,101454,9496],{"class":81},[1109,101456,101458],{"id":101457},"difference_update",[17,101459,101309],{},[25,101461,101462,101465],{},[28,101463,101464],{},"Changes the original set",[28,101466,96302],{},[58,101468,101470],{"className":60,"code":101469,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[17,101471,101472,101496,101512,101516,101530,101534],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,101473,101474,101476,101478,101480,101482,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492,101494],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,101475,2744],{"class":73},[67,101477,78],{"class":77},[67,101479,10678],{"class":81},[67,101481,464],{"class":85},[67,101483,89],{"class":81},[67,101485,3182],{"class":85},[67,101487,89],{"class":81},[67,101489,2639],{"class":85},[67,101491,89],{"class":81},[67,101493,2645],{"class":85},[67,101495,9496],{"class":81},[67,101497,101498,101500,101502,101504,101506,101508,101510],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,101499,2772],{"class":73},[67,101501,78],{"class":77},[67,101503,10678],{"class":81},[67,101505,2251],{"class":85},[67,101507,89],{"class":81},[67,101509,2645],{"class":85},[67,101511,9496],{"class":81},[67,101513,101514],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,101515,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,101517,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526,101528],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,101519,45],{"class":73},[67,101521,114],{"class":81},[67,101523,101457],{"class":117},[67,101525,138],{"class":81},[67,101527,428],{"class":117},[67,101529,144],{"class":81},[67,101531,101532],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,101533,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,101535,101536,101538,101540,101542],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,101537,135],{"class":134},[67,101539,138],{"class":81},[67,101541,45],{"class":117},[67,101543,144],{"class":81},[14,101545,159],{},[58,101547,101548],{"className":60,"code":100491,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,101549,101550],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,101551,101552,101554,101556,101558,101560],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,101553,9465],{"class":81},[67,101555,464],{"class":85},[67,101557,89],{"class":81},[67,101559,3182],{"class":85},[67,101561,9496],{"class":81},[14,101563,185,101564,101566],{},[17,101565,100398],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101568,101569,101570,33785],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[17,101571,101309],{},[45096,101573],{},[53,101575,101577,101579,101580,101582],{"id":101576},"difference-vs-the-operator",[17,101578,100398],{}," vs the ",[17,101581,869],{}," operator",[14,101584,379,101585,101587,101588,101590],{},[17,101586,869],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[17,101589,100398],{}," for two sets.",[58,101592,101594],{"className":60,"code":101593,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[17,101595,101596,101620,101636,101640,101658],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,101597,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616,101618],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,101599,2744],{"class":73},[67,101601,78],{"class":77},[67,101603,10678],{"class":81},[67,101605,464],{"class":85},[67,101607,89],{"class":81},[67,101609,3182],{"class":85},[67,101611,89],{"class":81},[67,101613,2639],{"class":85},[67,101615,89],{"class":81},[67,101617,2645],{"class":85},[67,101619,9496],{"class":81},[67,101621,101622,101624,101626,101628,101630,101632,101634],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,101623,2772],{"class":73},[67,101625,78],{"class":77},[67,101627,10678],{"class":81},[67,101629,2251],{"class":85},[67,101631,89],{"class":81},[67,101633,2645],{"class":85},[67,101635,9496],{"class":81},[67,101637,101638],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,101639,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,101641,101642,101644,101646,101648,101650,101652,101654,101656],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,101643,135],{"class":134},[67,101645,138],{"class":81},[67,101647,45],{"class":117},[67,101649,114],{"class":81},[67,101651,3002],{"class":117},[67,101653,138],{"class":81},[67,101655,428],{"class":117},[67,101657,1426],{"class":81},[67,101659,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,101661,135],{"class":134},[67,101663,138],{"class":81},[67,101665,2744],{"class":117},[67,101667,869],{"class":77},[67,101669,2749],{"class":117},[67,101671,144],{"class":81},[14,101673,159],{},[58,101675,101677],{"className":60,"code":101676,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[17,101678,101679,101691],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,101680,101681,101683,101685,101687,101689],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,101682,9465],{"class":81},[67,101684,464],{"class":85},[67,101686,89],{"class":81},[67,101688,3182],{"class":85},[67,101690,9496],{"class":81},[67,101692,101693,101695,101697,101699,101701],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,101694,9465],{"class":81},[67,101696,464],{"class":85},[67,101698,89],{"class":81},[67,101700,3182],{"class":85},[67,101702,9496],{"class":81},[14,101704,101705],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101707,94572,101708,2681],{},[17,101709,100398],{},[25,101711,101712,101715,101718],{},[28,101713,101714],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[28,101716,101717],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[28,101719,101720],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101722,101723],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[58,101725,101727],{"className":60,"code":101726,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[17,101728,101729,101757,101769,101781,101785],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,101730,101731,101733,101735,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745,101747,101749,101751,101753,101755],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,101732,2744],{"class":73},[67,101734,78],{"class":77},[67,101736,10678],{"class":81},[67,101738,464],{"class":85},[67,101740,89],{"class":81},[67,101742,3182],{"class":85},[67,101744,89],{"class":81},[67,101746,2639],{"class":85},[67,101748,89],{"class":81},[67,101750,2645],{"class":85},[67,101752,89],{"class":81},[67,101754,4794],{"class":85},[67,101756,9496],{"class":81},[67,101758,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,101760,2772],{"class":73},[67,101762,78],{"class":77},[67,101764,10678],{"class":81},[67,101766,2245],{"class":85},[67,101768,9496],{"class":81},[67,101770,101771,101773,101775,101777,101779],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,101772,83167],{"class":73},[67,101774,78],{"class":77},[67,101776,10678],{"class":81},[67,101778,2694],{"class":85},[67,101780,9496],{"class":81},[67,101782,101783],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,101784,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,101786,101787,101789,101791,101793,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,101788,135],{"class":134},[67,101790,138],{"class":81},[67,101792,45],{"class":117},[67,101794,114],{"class":81},[67,101796,3002],{"class":117},[67,101798,138],{"class":81},[67,101800,428],{"class":117},[67,101802,89],{"class":81},[67,101804,9869],{"class":117},[67,101806,1426],{"class":81},[14,101808,159],{},[58,101810,101812],{"className":60,"code":101811,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[17,101813,101814],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,101815,101816,101818,101820,101822,101824,101826,101828],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,101817,9465],{"class":81},[67,101819,464],{"class":85},[67,101821,89],{"class":81},[67,101823,2639],{"class":85},[67,101825,89],{"class":81},[67,101827,4794],{"class":85},[67,101829,9496],{"class":81},[14,101831,101832,101833,101835],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[17,101834,869],{}," operator expression.",[45096,101837],{},[53,101839,4707],{"id":4706},[14,101841,21400,101842,114],{},[17,101843,100398],{},[1109,101845,101847],{"id":101846},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101849,4817,101850,101852,101853,1161],{},[3934,101851,4820],{}," change ",[17,101854,45],{},[58,101856,101858],{"className":60,"code":101857,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[17,101859,101860,101880,101892,101896,101910],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,101861,101862,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872,101874,101876,101878],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,101863,2744],{"class":73},[67,101865,78],{"class":77},[67,101867,10678],{"class":81},[67,101869,464],{"class":85},[67,101871,89],{"class":81},[67,101873,3182],{"class":85},[67,101875,89],{"class":81},[67,101877,2639],{"class":85},[67,101879,9496],{"class":81},[67,101881,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,101883,2772],{"class":73},[67,101885,78],{"class":77},[67,101887,10678],{"class":81},[67,101889,2251],{"class":85},[67,101891,9496],{"class":81},[67,101893,101894],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,101895,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,101897,101898,101900,101902,101904,101906,101908],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,101899,45],{"class":73},[67,101901,114],{"class":81},[67,101903,3002],{"class":117},[67,101905,138],{"class":81},[67,101907,428],{"class":117},[67,101909,144],{"class":81},[67,101911,101912,101914,101916,101918],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,101913,135],{"class":134},[67,101915,138],{"class":81},[67,101917,45],{"class":117},[67,101919,144],{"class":81},[14,101921,159],{},[58,101923,101924],{"className":60,"code":96591,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,101925,101926],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,101927,101928,101930,101932,101934,101936,101938,101940],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,101929,9465],{"class":81},[67,101931,464],{"class":85},[67,101933,89],{"class":81},[67,101935,3182],{"class":85},[67,101937,89],{"class":81},[67,101939,2639],{"class":85},[67,101941,9496],{"class":81},[14,101943,101944],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[58,101946,101948],{"className":60,"code":101947,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[17,101949,101950,101970,101982,101986,102004],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,101951,101952,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,101953,2744],{"class":73},[67,101955,78],{"class":77},[67,101957,10678],{"class":81},[67,101959,464],{"class":85},[67,101961,89],{"class":81},[67,101963,3182],{"class":85},[67,101965,89],{"class":81},[67,101967,2639],{"class":85},[67,101969,9496],{"class":81},[67,101971,101972,101974,101976,101978,101980],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,101973,2772],{"class":73},[67,101975,78],{"class":77},[67,101977,10678],{"class":81},[67,101979,2251],{"class":85},[67,101981,9496],{"class":81},[67,101983,101984],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,101985,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,101987,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998,102000,102002],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,101989,2744],{"class":73},[67,101991,78],{"class":77},[67,101993,57056],{"class":73},[67,101995,114],{"class":81},[67,101997,3002],{"class":117},[67,101999,138],{"class":81},[67,102001,428],{"class":117},[67,102003,144],{"class":81},[67,102005,102006,102008,102010,102012],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,102007,135],{"class":134},[67,102009,138],{"class":81},[67,102011,45],{"class":117},[67,102013,144],{"class":81},[14,102015,159],{},[58,102017,102018],{"className":60,"code":100491,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,102019,102020],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,102021,102022,102024,102026,102028,102030],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,102023,9465],{"class":81},[67,102025,464],{"class":85},[67,102027,89],{"class":81},[67,102029,3182],{"class":85},[67,102031,9496],{"class":81},[1109,102033,102035],{"id":102034},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,102037,102038,102041],{},[17,102039,102040],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[25,102043,102044,102049],{},[28,102045,102046,102047],{},"keep items from ",[17,102048,45],{},[28,102050,102051,102052],{},"remove anything also in ",[17,102053,428],{},[14,102055,41085,102056,102058,102059,102061],{},[3934,102057,4820],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[17,102060,428],{},"”.",[14,102063,222],{},[58,102065,102067],{"className":60,"code":102066,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[17,102068,102069,102089,102109,102113,102131],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,102070,102071,102073,102075,102077,102079,102081,102083,102085,102087],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,102072,2744],{"class":73},[67,102074,78],{"class":77},[67,102076,10678],{"class":81},[67,102078,464],{"class":85},[67,102080,89],{"class":81},[67,102082,3182],{"class":85},[67,102084,89],{"class":81},[67,102086,2639],{"class":85},[67,102088,9496],{"class":81},[67,102090,102091,102093,102095,102097,102099,102101,102103,102105,102107],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,102092,2772],{"class":73},[67,102094,78],{"class":77},[67,102096,10678],{"class":81},[67,102098,2251],{"class":85},[67,102100,89],{"class":81},[67,102102,2645],{"class":85},[67,102104,89],{"class":81},[67,102106,4794],{"class":85},[67,102108,9496],{"class":81},[67,102110,102111],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,102112,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,102114,102115,102117,102119,102121,102123,102125,102127,102129],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,102116,135],{"class":134},[67,102118,138],{"class":81},[67,102120,45],{"class":117},[67,102122,114],{"class":81},[67,102124,3002],{"class":117},[67,102126,138],{"class":81},[67,102128,428],{"class":117},[67,102130,1426],{"class":81},[67,102132,102133,102135,102137,102139,102141,102143,102145,102147],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,102134,135],{"class":134},[67,102136,138],{"class":81},[67,102138,428],{"class":117},[67,102140,114],{"class":81},[67,102142,3002],{"class":117},[67,102144,138],{"class":81},[67,102146,45],{"class":117},[67,102148,1426],{"class":81},[14,102150,159],{},[58,102152,102154],{"className":60,"code":102153,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[17,102155,102156,102168],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,102157,102158,102160,102162,102164,102166],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,102159,9465],{"class":81},[67,102161,464],{"class":85},[67,102163,89],{"class":81},[67,102165,3182],{"class":85},[67,102167,9496],{"class":81},[67,102169,102170,102172,102174,102176,102178],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,102171,9465],{"class":81},[67,102173,2694],{"class":85},[67,102175,89],{"class":81},[67,102177,4794],{"class":85},[67,102179,9496],{"class":81},[14,102181,102182],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1109,102184,102186],{"id":102185},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,102188,102189,102191],{},[17,102190,100398],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,102193,55490],{},[58,102195,102197],{"className":60,"code":102196,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[17,102198,102199,102219,102235,102239],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,102200,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209,102211,102213,102215,102217],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,102202,2744],{"class":73},[67,102204,78],{"class":77},[67,102206,82],{"class":81},[67,102208,464],{"class":85},[67,102210,89],{"class":81},[67,102212,3182],{"class":85},[67,102214,89],{"class":81},[67,102216,2639],{"class":85},[67,102218,100],{"class":81},[67,102220,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229,102231,102233],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,102222,2772],{"class":73},[67,102224,78],{"class":77},[67,102226,82],{"class":81},[67,102228,2251],{"class":85},[67,102230,89],{"class":81},[67,102232,2645],{"class":85},[67,102234,100],{"class":81},[67,102236,102237],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,102238,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,102240,102241],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,102242,102243],{"class":3852},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102245,102246],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[58,102248,102250],{"className":60,"code":102249,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[17,102251,102252,102272,102288,102292,102318],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,102253,102254,102256,102258,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,102255,2744],{"class":73},[67,102257,78],{"class":77},[67,102259,82],{"class":81},[67,102261,464],{"class":85},[67,102263,89],{"class":81},[67,102265,3182],{"class":85},[67,102267,89],{"class":81},[67,102269,2639],{"class":85},[67,102271,100],{"class":81},[67,102273,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282,102284,102286],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,102275,2772],{"class":73},[67,102277,78],{"class":77},[67,102279,82],{"class":81},[67,102281,2251],{"class":85},[67,102283,89],{"class":81},[67,102285,2645],{"class":85},[67,102287,100],{"class":81},[67,102289,102290],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,102291,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,102293,102294,102296,102298,102300,102302,102304,102306,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,102295,2416],{"class":73},[67,102297,78],{"class":77},[67,102299,15821],{"class":362},[67,102301,138],{"class":81},[67,102303,45],{"class":117},[67,102305,8818],{"class":81},[67,102307,3002],{"class":117},[67,102309,138],{"class":81},[67,102311,6479],{"class":362},[67,102313,138],{"class":81},[67,102315,428],{"class":117},[67,102317,1426],{"class":81},[67,102319,102320,102322,102324,102326],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,102321,135],{"class":134},[67,102323,138],{"class":81},[67,102325,2451],{"class":117},[67,102327,144],{"class":81},[14,102329,159],{},[58,102331,102332],{"className":60,"code":100491,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,102333,102334],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,102335,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,102337,9465],{"class":81},[67,102339,464],{"class":85},[67,102341,89],{"class":81},[67,102343,3182],{"class":85},[67,102345,9496],{"class":81},[1109,102347,102349],{"id":102348},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102351,102352],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[58,102354,102356],{"className":60,"code":102355,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[17,102357,102358,102390,102406,102410],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,102359,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370,102372,102374,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,102361,2744],{"class":73},[67,102363,78],{"class":77},[67,102365,10678],{"class":81},[67,102367,240],{"class":239},[67,102369,37227],{"class":243},[67,102371,240],{"class":239},[67,102373,89],{"class":81},[67,102375,251],{"class":239},[67,102377,58296],{"class":243},[67,102379,240],{"class":239},[67,102381,89],{"class":81},[67,102383,251],{"class":239},[67,102385,58313],{"class":243},[67,102387,240],{"class":239},[67,102389,9496],{"class":81},[67,102391,102392,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,102393,2772],{"class":73},[67,102395,78],{"class":77},[67,102397,10678],{"class":81},[67,102399,240],{"class":239},[67,102401,58296],{"class":243},[67,102403,240],{"class":239},[67,102405,9496],{"class":81},[67,102407,102408],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,102409,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,102411,102412,102414,102416,102418,102420,102422,102424,102426],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,102413,135],{"class":134},[67,102415,138],{"class":81},[67,102417,45],{"class":117},[67,102419,114],{"class":81},[67,102421,3002],{"class":117},[67,102423,138],{"class":81},[67,102425,428],{"class":117},[67,102427,1426],{"class":81},[14,102429,102430],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1109,102432,102434],{"id":102433},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102436,102437],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[58,102439,102441],{"className":60,"code":102440,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[17,102442,102443,102471,102483,102487,102497],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,102444,102445,102447,102449,102451,102453,102455,102457,102459,102461,102463,102465,102467,102469],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,102446,2744],{"class":73},[67,102448,78],{"class":77},[67,102450,10678],{"class":81},[67,102452,464],{"class":85},[67,102454,89],{"class":81},[67,102456,5689],{"class":85},[67,102458,89],{"class":81},[67,102460,3182],{"class":85},[67,102462,89],{"class":81},[67,102464,3182],{"class":85},[67,102466,89],{"class":81},[67,102468,2639],{"class":85},[67,102470,9496],{"class":81},[67,102472,102473,102475,102477,102479,102481],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,102474,2772],{"class":73},[67,102476,78],{"class":77},[67,102478,10678],{"class":81},[67,102480,2251],{"class":85},[67,102482,9496],{"class":81},[67,102484,102485],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,102486,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,102488,102489,102491,102493,102495],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,102490,135],{"class":134},[67,102492,138],{"class":81},[67,102494,45],{"class":117},[67,102496,144],{"class":81},[67,102498,102499,102501,102503,102505,102507,102509,102511,102513],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,102500,135],{"class":134},[67,102502,138],{"class":81},[67,102504,45],{"class":117},[67,102506,114],{"class":81},[67,102508,3002],{"class":117},[67,102510,138],{"class":81},[67,102512,428],{"class":117},[67,102514,1426],{"class":81},[14,102516,159],{},[58,102518,102520],{"className":60,"code":102519,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[17,102521,102522,102538],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,102523,102524,102526,102528,102530,102532,102534,102536],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,102525,9465],{"class":81},[67,102527,464],{"class":85},[67,102529,89],{"class":81},[67,102531,3182],{"class":85},[67,102533,89],{"class":81},[67,102535,2639],{"class":85},[67,102537,9496],{"class":81},[67,102539,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,102541,9465],{"class":81},[67,102543,464],{"class":85},[67,102545,89],{"class":81},[67,102547,3182],{"class":85},[67,102549,9496],{"class":81},[14,102551,102552,102553,102555],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[17,102554,100398],{}," runs.",[1109,102557,102559],{"id":102558},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102561,102562],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[58,102564,102566],{"className":60,"code":102565,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[17,102567,102568,102592,102612,102616,102626,102636,102654,102676],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,102569,102570,102572,102574,102576,102578,102580,102582,102584,102586,102588,102590],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,102571,2744],{"class":73},[67,102573,78],{"class":77},[67,102575,10678],{"class":81},[67,102577,464],{"class":85},[67,102579,89],{"class":81},[67,102581,3182],{"class":85},[67,102583,89],{"class":81},[67,102585,2639],{"class":85},[67,102587,89],{"class":81},[67,102589,2645],{"class":85},[67,102591,9496],{"class":81},[67,102593,102594,102596,102598,102600,102602,102604,102606,102608,102610],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,102595,2772],{"class":73},[67,102597,78],{"class":77},[67,102599,10678],{"class":81},[67,102601,2251],{"class":85},[67,102603,89],{"class":81},[67,102605,2645],{"class":85},[67,102607,89],{"class":81},[67,102609,4794],{"class":85},[67,102611,9496],{"class":81},[67,102613,102614],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,102615,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,102617,102618,102620,102622,102624],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,102619,135],{"class":134},[67,102621,138],{"class":81},[67,102623,45],{"class":117},[67,102625,144],{"class":81},[67,102627,102628,102630,102632,102634],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,102629,135],{"class":134},[67,102631,138],{"class":81},[67,102633,428],{"class":117},[67,102635,144],{"class":81},[67,102637,102638,102640,102642,102644,102646,102648,102650,102652],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,102639,135],{"class":134},[67,102641,138],{"class":81},[67,102643,45],{"class":117},[67,102645,114],{"class":81},[67,102647,3002],{"class":117},[67,102649,138],{"class":81},[67,102651,428],{"class":117},[67,102653,1426],{"class":81},[67,102655,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,102657,135],{"class":134},[67,102659,138],{"class":81},[67,102661,2011],{"class":362},[67,102663,138],{"class":81},[67,102665,45],{"class":117},[67,102667,114],{"class":81},[67,102669,3002],{"class":117},[67,102671,138],{"class":81},[67,102673,428],{"class":117},[67,102675,3102],{"class":81},[67,102677,102678,102680,102682,102684,102686,102688,102690,102692,102694,102696],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,102679,135],{"class":134},[67,102681,138],{"class":81},[67,102683,1964],{"class":134},[67,102685,138],{"class":81},[67,102687,45],{"class":117},[67,102689,114],{"class":81},[67,102691,3002],{"class":117},[67,102693,138],{"class":81},[67,102695,428],{"class":117},[67,102697,3102],{"class":81},[14,102699,11357],{},[25,102701,102702,102705,102708,102711],{},[28,102703,102704],{},"what is in each set",[28,102706,102707],{},"what result Python creates",[28,102709,102710],{},"that the result is a set",[28,102712,102713],{},"how many items remain",[45096,102715],{},[53,102717,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,102719,12894,102721,102723],{"id":102720},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[17,102722,100398],{}," change the original set?",[14,102725,102726],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1109,102728,5369,102730,961,102732,2681],{"id":102729},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[17,102731,100398],{},[17,102733,101309],{},[14,102735,102736,102738,102739,102741],{},[17,102737,100398],{}," returns a new set. ",[17,102740,101309],{}," modifies the original set.",[1109,102743,28516,102745,102747],{"id":102744},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[17,102746,100398],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102749,102750],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1109,102752,102754],{"id":102753},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102756,102757],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45096,102759],{},[53,102761,2094],{"id":2093},[25,102763,102764,102768,102776],{},[28,102765,102766],{},[45,102767,96312],{"href":97483},[28,102769,102770],{},[45,102771,96798,102773,946],{"href":102772},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[17,102774,102775],{},"intersection()",[28,102777,102778],{},[45,102779,96798,102781,946],{"href":102780},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[17,102782,102783],{},"union()",[2122,102785,102786],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":102788},[102789,102790,102792,102793,102794,102795,102797,102802,102804,102812,102821],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":100520,"depth":103,"text":102791},"What difference() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":101139,"depth":103,"text":102796},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101304,"depth":103,"text":102798,"children":102799},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102800,102801],{"id":3002,"depth":124,"text":100398},{"id":101457,"depth":124,"text":101309},{"id":101576,"depth":103,"text":102803},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":102805},[102806,102807,102808,102809,102810,102811],{"id":101846,"depth":124,"text":101847},{"id":102034,"depth":124,"text":102035},{"id":102185,"depth":124,"text":102186},{"id":102348,"depth":124,"text":102349},{"id":102433,"depth":124,"text":102434},{"id":102558,"depth":124,"text":102559},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":102813},[102814,102816,102818,102820],{"id":102720,"depth":124,"text":102815},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102729,"depth":124,"text":102817},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102744,"depth":124,"text":102819},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102753,"depth":124,"text":102754},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100390,"description":102822},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102829,"title":102830,"body":102831,"description":104526,"extension":2153,"meta":104527,"navigation":127,"path":104528,"seo":104529,"stem":104530,"__hash__":104531},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102832,"toc":104488},[102833,102839,102845,102858,102860,102961,102963,103008,103013,103018,103022,103036,103039,103047,103049,103068,103086,103090,103143,103145,103166,103173,103178,103205,103212,103311,103313,103350,103358,103362,103368,103371,103444,103446,103454,103459,103528,103530,103555,103557,103560,103663,103665,103726,103729,103733,103739,103812,103814,103847,103850,103853,103893,103899,103922,103927,103931,103942,103945,103947,103951,103957,103959,104016,104026,104028,104081,104088,104093,104161,104169,104175,104179,104181,104220,104225,104274,104278,104281,104283,104322,104325,104327,104332,104389,104391,104405,104407,104411,104417,104422,104427,104434,104445,104451,104456,104458,104485],[10,102834,96184,102836,11509],{"id":102835},"python-set-discard-method",[17,102837,102838],{},"discard()",[14,102840,102841,102844],{},[17,102842,102843],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102846,102847,102848,1550,102853,14240,102855,102857],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[45,102849,102850],{"href":98193},[17,102851,102852],{},"set.remove()",[17,102854,102838],{},[3934,102856,4820],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[53,102859,56],{"id":55},[58,102861,102863],{"className":60,"code":102862,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[17,102864,102865,102897,102916,102926,102930,102951],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,102866,102867,102869,102871,102873,102875,102877,102879,102881,102883,102885,102887,102889,102891,102893,102895],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,102868,232],{"class":73},[67,102870,78],{"class":77},[67,102872,10678],{"class":81},[67,102874,240],{"class":239},[67,102876,244],{"class":243},[67,102878,240],{"class":239},[67,102880,89],{"class":81},[67,102882,251],{"class":239},[67,102884,263],{"class":243},[67,102886,240],{"class":239},[67,102888,89],{"class":81},[67,102890,251],{"class":239},[67,102892,254],{"class":243},[67,102894,240],{"class":239},[67,102896,9496],{"class":81},[67,102898,102899,102901,102903,102906,102908,102910,102912,102914],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,102900,312],{"class":73},[67,102902,114],{"class":81},[67,102904,102905],{"class":117},"discard",[67,102907,138],{"class":81},[67,102909,240],{"class":239},[67,102911,263],{"class":243},[67,102913,240],{"class":239},[67,102915,144],{"class":81},[67,102917,102918,102920,102922,102924],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,102919,135],{"class":134},[67,102921,138],{"class":81},[67,102923,312],{"class":117},[67,102925,144],{"class":81},[67,102927,102928],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,102929,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,102931,102932,102934,102936,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,102933,312],{"class":73},[67,102935,114],{"class":81},[67,102937,102905],{"class":117},[67,102939,138],{"class":81},[67,102941,240],{"class":239},[67,102943,22713],{"class":243},[67,102945,240],{"class":239},[67,102947,3849],{"class":81},[67,102949,102950],{"class":3852},"  # no error if missing\n",[67,102952,102953,102955,102957,102959],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,102954,135],{"class":134},[67,102956,138],{"class":81},[67,102958,312],{"class":117},[67,102960,144],{"class":81},[14,102962,30213],{},[58,102964,102966],{"className":60,"code":102965,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[17,102967,102968,102988],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,102969,102970,102972,102974,102976,102978,102980,102982,102984,102986],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,102971,9465],{"class":81},[67,102973,333],{"class":239},[67,102975,244],{"class":243},[67,102977,333],{"class":239},[67,102979,89],{"class":81},[67,102981,342],{"class":239},[67,102983,254],{"class":243},[67,102985,333],{"class":239},[67,102987,9496],{"class":81},[67,102989,102990,102992,102994,102996,102998,103000,103002,103004,103006],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,102991,9465],{"class":81},[67,102993,333],{"class":239},[67,102995,244],{"class":243},[67,102997,333],{"class":239},[67,102999,89],{"class":81},[67,103001,342],{"class":239},[67,103003,254],{"class":243},[67,103005,333],{"class":239},[67,103007,9496],{"class":81},[14,103009,185,103010,103012],{},[17,103011,102838],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[53,103014,3867,103016,3870],{"id":103015},"what-setdiscard-does",[17,103017,102843],{},[14,103019,103020,1161],{},[17,103021,102838],{},[25,103023,103024,103027,103030,103032],{},[28,103025,103026],{},"Removes one item from a set",[28,103028,103029],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[28,103031,96299],{},[28,103033,11611,103034],{},[17,103035,1103],{},[14,103037,103038],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,103040,96308,103041,3068,103044,114],{},[45,103042,103043],{"href":98775},"what a set is in Python",[45,103045,103046],{"href":97867},"how to create a set",[53,103048,352],{"id":351},[58,103050,103052],{"className":60,"code":103051,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[17,103053,103054],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103055,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064,103066],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103057,15854],{"class":73},[67,103059,114],{"class":81},[67,103061,102905],{"class":117},[67,103063,138],{"class":81},[67,103065,2661],{"class":117},[67,103067,144],{"class":81},[25,103069,103070,103075,103080,103083],{},[28,103071,103072,103074],{},[17,103073,15854],{}," is the set you want to change",[28,103076,103077,103079],{},[17,103078,2661],{}," is the item you want to remove",[28,103081,103082],{},"The set must already exist",[28,103084,103085],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1109,103087,103089],{"id":103088},"example","Example",[58,103091,103093],{"className":60,"code":103092,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,103094,103095,103119,103133],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103096,103097,103099,103101,103103,103105,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103098,74],{"class":73},[67,103100,78],{"class":77},[67,103102,10678],{"class":81},[67,103104,464],{"class":85},[67,103106,89],{"class":81},[67,103108,3182],{"class":85},[67,103110,89],{"class":81},[67,103112,2639],{"class":85},[67,103114,89],{"class":81},[67,103116,2645],{"class":85},[67,103118,9496],{"class":81},[67,103120,103121,103123,103125,103127,103129,103131],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,103122,154],{"class":73},[67,103124,114],{"class":81},[67,103126,102905],{"class":117},[67,103128,138],{"class":81},[67,103130,2251],{"class":85},[67,103132,144],{"class":81},[67,103134,103135,103137,103139,103141],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,103136,135],{"class":134},[67,103138,138],{"class":81},[67,103140,154],{"class":117},[67,103142,144],{"class":81},[14,103144,159],{},[58,103146,103148],{"className":60,"code":103147,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[17,103149,103150],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103151,103152,103154,103156,103158,103160,103162,103164],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103153,9465],{"class":81},[67,103155,464],{"class":85},[67,103157,89],{"class":81},[67,103159,3182],{"class":85},[67,103161,89],{"class":81},[67,103163,2645],{"class":85},[67,103165,9496],{"class":81},[53,103167,103169,103170,103172],{"id":103168},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[17,103171,102838],{}," different",[14,103174,103175,103177],{},[17,103176,102838],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[25,103179,103180,103193,103202],{},[28,103181,103182,103183,1550,103187,103189,103190,103192],{},"Unlike ",[45,103184,103185],{"href":98193},[17,103186,50],{},[17,103188,102838],{}," does not raise ",[17,103191,19875],{}," when the item is missing",[28,103194,103182,103195,1550,103199,103201],{},[45,103196,103197],{"href":98198},[17,103198,39],{},[17,103200,102838],{}," removes a specific item",[28,103203,103204],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1109,103206,103208,10773,103210],{"id":103207},"discard-vs-remove",[17,103209,102838],{},[17,103211,50],{},[58,103213,103215],{"className":60,"code":103214,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[17,103216,103217,103241,103245,103266,103276,103280,103301],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103218,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231,103233,103235,103237,103239],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103220,1131],{"class":73},[67,103222,78],{"class":77},[67,103224,10678],{"class":81},[67,103226,240],{"class":239},[67,103228,689],{"class":243},[67,103230,240],{"class":239},[67,103232,89],{"class":81},[67,103234,251],{"class":239},[67,103236,698],{"class":243},[67,103238,240],{"class":239},[67,103240,9496],{"class":81},[67,103242,103243],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,103244,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,103246,103247,103249,103251,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,103248,1141],{"class":73},[67,103250,114],{"class":81},[67,103252,102905],{"class":117},[67,103254,138],{"class":81},[67,103256,240],{"class":239},[67,103258,716],{"class":243},[67,103260,240],{"class":239},[67,103262,3849],{"class":81},[67,103264,103265],{"class":3852},"   # no error\n",[67,103267,103268,103270,103272,103274],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,103269,135],{"class":134},[67,103271,138],{"class":81},[67,103273,1141],{"class":117},[67,103275,144],{"class":81},[67,103277,103278],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,103279,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,103281,103282,103284,103286,103288,103290,103292,103294,103296,103298],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,103283,1141],{"class":73},[67,103285,114],{"class":81},[67,103287,1838],{"class":117},[67,103289,138],{"class":81},[67,103291,240],{"class":239},[67,103293,698],{"class":243},[67,103295,240],{"class":239},[67,103297,3849],{"class":81},[67,103299,103300],{"class":3852},"    # removes existing item\n",[67,103302,103303,103305,103307,103309],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,103304,135],{"class":134},[67,103306,138],{"class":81},[67,103308,1141],{"class":117},[67,103310,144],{"class":81},[14,103312,159],{},[58,103314,103316],{"className":60,"code":103315,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[17,103317,103318,103338],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103319,103320,103322,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332,103334,103336],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103321,9465],{"class":81},[67,103323,333],{"class":239},[67,103325,689],{"class":243},[67,103327,333],{"class":239},[67,103329,89],{"class":81},[67,103331,342],{"class":239},[67,103333,698],{"class":243},[67,103335,333],{"class":239},[67,103337,9496],{"class":81},[67,103339,103340,103342,103344,103346,103348],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,103341,9465],{"class":81},[67,103343,333],{"class":239},[67,103345,689],{"class":243},[67,103347,333],{"class":239},[67,103349,9496],{"class":81},[14,103351,40522,103352,103354,103355,103357],{},[17,103353,50],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[45,103356,11262],{"href":11261}," for more help with that case.",[53,103359,103361],{"id":103360},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103363,103364,2584,103366,114],{},[17,103365,102838],{},[17,103367,1103],{},[14,103369,103370],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[58,103372,103374],{"className":60,"code":103373,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,103375,103376,103408,103430,103434],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103377,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402,103404,103406],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103379,232],{"class":73},[67,103381,78],{"class":77},[67,103383,10678],{"class":81},[67,103385,240],{"class":239},[67,103387,244],{"class":243},[67,103389,240],{"class":239},[67,103391,89],{"class":81},[67,103393,251],{"class":239},[67,103395,263],{"class":243},[67,103397,240],{"class":239},[67,103399,89],{"class":81},[67,103401,251],{"class":239},[67,103403,254],{"class":243},[67,103405,240],{"class":239},[67,103407,9496],{"class":81},[67,103409,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,103411,2416],{"class":73},[67,103413,78],{"class":77},[67,103415,281],{"class":73},[67,103417,114],{"class":81},[67,103419,102905],{"class":117},[67,103421,138],{"class":81},[67,103423,240],{"class":239},[67,103425,263],{"class":243},[67,103427,240],{"class":239},[67,103429,144],{"class":81},[67,103431,103432],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,103433,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,103435,103436,103438,103440,103442],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,103437,135],{"class":134},[67,103439,138],{"class":81},[67,103441,2451],{"class":117},[67,103443,144],{"class":81},[14,103445,159],{},[58,103447,103448],{"className":60,"code":11997,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,103449,103450],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103451,103452],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103453,11997],{"class":4043},[14,103455,103456,103457,1161],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[17,103458,312],{},[58,103460,103462],{"className":60,"code":103461,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,103463,103464,103496,103514,103518],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103465,103466,103468,103470,103472,103474,103476,103478,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103467,232],{"class":73},[67,103469,78],{"class":77},[67,103471,10678],{"class":81},[67,103473,240],{"class":239},[67,103475,244],{"class":243},[67,103477,240],{"class":239},[67,103479,89],{"class":81},[67,103481,251],{"class":239},[67,103483,263],{"class":243},[67,103485,240],{"class":239},[67,103487,89],{"class":81},[67,103489,251],{"class":239},[67,103491,254],{"class":243},[67,103493,240],{"class":239},[67,103495,9496],{"class":81},[67,103497,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,103499,312],{"class":73},[67,103501,114],{"class":81},[67,103503,102905],{"class":117},[67,103505,138],{"class":81},[67,103507,240],{"class":239},[67,103509,263],{"class":243},[67,103511,240],{"class":239},[67,103513,144],{"class":81},[67,103515,103516],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,103517,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,103519,103520,103522,103524,103526],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,103521,135],{"class":134},[67,103523,138],{"class":81},[67,103525,312],{"class":117},[67,103527,144],{"class":81},[14,103529,159],{},[58,103531,103533],{"className":60,"code":103532,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[17,103534,103535],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103536,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103538,9465],{"class":81},[67,103540,333],{"class":239},[67,103542,244],{"class":243},[67,103544,333],{"class":239},[67,103546,89],{"class":81},[67,103548,342],{"class":239},[67,103550,254],{"class":243},[67,103552,333],{"class":239},[67,103554,9496],{"class":81},[53,103556,11663],{"id":11662},[14,103558,103559],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[58,103561,103563],{"className":60,"code":103562,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[17,103564,103565,103597,103601,103619,103623,103641,103645],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103566,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581,103583,103585,103587,103589,103591,103593,103595],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103568,680],{"class":73},[67,103570,78],{"class":77},[67,103572,10678],{"class":81},[67,103574,240],{"class":239},[67,103576,689],{"class":243},[67,103578,240],{"class":239},[67,103580,89],{"class":81},[67,103582,251],{"class":239},[67,103584,698],{"class":243},[67,103586,240],{"class":239},[67,103588,89],{"class":81},[67,103590,251],{"class":239},[67,103592,716],{"class":243},[67,103594,240],{"class":239},[67,103596,9496],{"class":81},[67,103598,103599],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,103600,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,103602,103603,103605,103607,103609,103611,103613,103615,103617],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,103604,135],{"class":134},[67,103606,138],{"class":81},[67,103608,240],{"class":239},[67,103610,11752],{"class":243},[67,103612,240],{"class":239},[67,103614,89],{"class":81},[67,103616,733],{"class":117},[67,103618,144],{"class":81},[67,103620,103621],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,103622,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,103624,103625,103627,103629,103631,103633,103635,103637,103639],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,103626,766],{"class":73},[67,103628,114],{"class":81},[67,103630,102905],{"class":117},[67,103632,138],{"class":81},[67,103634,240],{"class":239},[67,103636,698],{"class":243},[67,103638,240],{"class":239},[67,103640,144],{"class":81},[67,103642,103643],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,103644,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,103646,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,103648,135],{"class":134},[67,103650,138],{"class":81},[67,103652,240],{"class":239},[67,103654,11792],{"class":243},[67,103656,240],{"class":239},[67,103658,89],{"class":81},[67,103660,733],{"class":117},[67,103662,144],{"class":81},[14,103664,159],{},[58,103666,103668],{"className":60,"code":103667,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[17,103669,103670,103702],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103671,103672,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103673,11812],{"class":73},[67,103675,1161],{"class":81},[67,103677,10678],{"class":81},[67,103679,333],{"class":239},[67,103681,698],{"class":243},[67,103683,333],{"class":239},[67,103685,89],{"class":81},[67,103687,342],{"class":239},[67,103689,689],{"class":243},[67,103691,333],{"class":239},[67,103693,89],{"class":81},[67,103695,342],{"class":239},[67,103697,716],{"class":243},[67,103699,333],{"class":239},[67,103701,9496],{"class":81},[67,103703,103704,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,103705,11865],{"class":73},[67,103707,1161],{"class":81},[67,103709,10678],{"class":81},[67,103711,333],{"class":239},[67,103713,689],{"class":243},[67,103715,333],{"class":239},[67,103717,89],{"class":81},[67,103719,342],{"class":239},[67,103721,716],{"class":243},[67,103723,333],{"class":239},[67,103725,9496],{"class":81},[14,103727,103728],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[53,103730,103732],{"id":103731},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103734,103735,103736,103738],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[17,103737,102838],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[58,103740,103742],{"className":60,"code":103741,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[17,103743,103744,103776,103780,103798,103802],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103745,103746,103748,103750,103752,103754,103756,103758,103760,103762,103764,103766,103768,103770,103772,103774],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103747,680],{"class":73},[67,103749,78],{"class":77},[67,103751,10678],{"class":81},[67,103753,240],{"class":239},[67,103755,689],{"class":243},[67,103757,240],{"class":239},[67,103759,89],{"class":81},[67,103761,251],{"class":239},[67,103763,698],{"class":243},[67,103765,240],{"class":239},[67,103767,89],{"class":81},[67,103769,251],{"class":239},[67,103771,716],{"class":243},[67,103773,240],{"class":239},[67,103775,9496],{"class":81},[67,103777,103778],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,103779,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,103781,103782,103784,103786,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,103783,766],{"class":73},[67,103785,114],{"class":81},[67,103787,102905],{"class":117},[67,103789,138],{"class":81},[67,103791,240],{"class":239},[67,103793,22722],{"class":243},[67,103795,240],{"class":239},[67,103797,144],{"class":81},[67,103799,103800],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,103801,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,103803,103804,103806,103808,103810],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,103805,135],{"class":134},[67,103807,138],{"class":81},[67,103809,766],{"class":117},[67,103811,144],{"class":81},[14,103813,159],{},[58,103815,103817],{"className":60,"code":103816,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[17,103818,103819],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103820,103821,103823,103825,103827,103829,103831,103833,103835,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103822,9465],{"class":81},[67,103824,333],{"class":239},[67,103826,698],{"class":243},[67,103828,333],{"class":239},[67,103830,89],{"class":81},[67,103832,342],{"class":239},[67,103834,689],{"class":243},[67,103836,333],{"class":239},[67,103838,89],{"class":81},[67,103840,342],{"class":239},[67,103842,716],{"class":243},[67,103844,333],{"class":239},[67,103846,9496],{"class":81},[14,103848,103849],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103851,103852],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[58,103854,103856],{"className":60,"code":103855,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[17,103857,103858,103874],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103859,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103861,1217],{"class":1167},[67,103863,251],{"class":239},[67,103865,22722],{"class":243},[67,103867,240],{"class":239},[67,103869,21362],{"class":77},[67,103871,733],{"class":73},[67,103873,1223],{"class":81},[67,103875,103876,103879,103881,103883,103885,103887,103889,103891],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,103877,103878],{"class":73},"    fruits",[67,103880,114],{"class":81},[67,103882,1838],{"class":117},[67,103884,138],{"class":81},[67,103886,240],{"class":239},[67,103888,22722],{"class":243},[67,103890,240],{"class":239},[67,103892,144],{"class":81},[14,103894,103895,103896,103898],{},"With ",[17,103897,102838],{},", you can simply write:",[58,103900,103902],{"className":60,"code":103901,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[17,103903,103904],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103905,103906,103908,103910,103912,103914,103916,103918,103920],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103907,766],{"class":73},[67,103909,114],{"class":81},[67,103911,102905],{"class":117},[67,103913,138],{"class":81},[67,103915,240],{"class":239},[67,103917,22722],{"class":243},[67,103919,240],{"class":239},[67,103921,144],{"class":81},[53,103923,5151,103925],{"id":103924},"when-to-use-discard",[17,103926,102838],{},[14,103928,185,103929,1671],{},[17,103930,102838],{},[25,103932,103933,103936,103939],{},[28,103934,103935],{},"Missing values are normal",[28,103937,103938],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[28,103940,103941],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,103943,103944],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[53,103946,1907],{"id":1906},[14,103948,8634,103949,114],{},[17,103950,102838],{},[1109,103952,1930,103954,103956],{"id":103953},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[17,103955,102838],{}," to return the changed set",[14,103958,4714],{},[58,103960,103962],{"className":60,"code":103961,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,103963,103964,103984,104002,104006],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,103965,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978,103980,103982],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,103967,74],{"class":73},[67,103969,78],{"class":77},[67,103971,10678],{"class":81},[67,103973,464],{"class":85},[67,103975,89],{"class":81},[67,103977,3182],{"class":85},[67,103979,89],{"class":81},[67,103981,2639],{"class":85},[67,103983,9496],{"class":81},[67,103985,103986,103988,103990,103992,103994,103996,103998,104000],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,103987,74],{"class":73},[67,103989,78],{"class":77},[67,103991,111],{"class":73},[67,103993,114],{"class":81},[67,103995,102905],{"class":117},[67,103997,138],{"class":81},[67,103999,2245],{"class":85},[67,104001,144],{"class":81},[67,104003,104004],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,104005,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,104007,104008,104010,104012,104014],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,104009,135],{"class":134},[67,104011,138],{"class":81},[67,104013,154],{"class":117},[67,104015,144],{"class":81},[14,104017,104018,42335,104020,8788,104022,2584,104024,114],{},[17,104019,154],{},[17,104021,1103],{},[17,104023,102838],{},[17,104025,1103],{},[14,104027,19028],{},[58,104029,104031],{"className":60,"code":104030,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,104032,104033,104053,104067,104071],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,104034,104035,104037,104039,104041,104043,104045,104047,104049,104051],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,104036,74],{"class":73},[67,104038,78],{"class":77},[67,104040,10678],{"class":81},[67,104042,464],{"class":85},[67,104044,89],{"class":81},[67,104046,3182],{"class":85},[67,104048,89],{"class":81},[67,104050,2639],{"class":85},[67,104052,9496],{"class":81},[67,104054,104055,104057,104059,104061,104063,104065],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,104056,154],{"class":73},[67,104058,114],{"class":81},[67,104060,102905],{"class":117},[67,104062,138],{"class":81},[67,104064,2245],{"class":85},[67,104066,144],{"class":81},[67,104068,104069],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,104070,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,104072,104073,104075,104077,104079],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,104074,135],{"class":134},[67,104076,138],{"class":81},[67,104078,154],{"class":117},[67,104080,144],{"class":81},[1109,104082,1923,104084,43,104086],{"id":104083},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[17,104085,102838],{},[17,104087,50],{},[14,104089,104090,104091,114],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[17,104092,102838],{},[58,104094,104096],{"className":60,"code":104095,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[17,104097,104098,104130,104151],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,104099,104100,104102,104104,104106,104108,104110,104112,104114,104116,104118,104120,104122,104124,104126,104128],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,104101,411],{"class":73},[67,104103,78],{"class":77},[67,104105,10678],{"class":81},[67,104107,240],{"class":239},[67,104109,45],{"class":243},[67,104111,240],{"class":239},[67,104113,89],{"class":81},[67,104115,251],{"class":239},[67,104117,428],{"class":243},[67,104119,240],{"class":239},[67,104121,89],{"class":81},[67,104123,251],{"class":239},[67,104125,437],{"class":243},[67,104127,240],{"class":239},[67,104129,9496],{"class":81},[67,104131,104132,104134,104136,104138,104140,104142,104144,104146,104148],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,104133,490],{"class":73},[67,104135,114],{"class":81},[67,104137,102905],{"class":117},[67,104139,138],{"class":81},[67,104141,240],{"class":239},[67,104143,22266],{"class":243},[67,104145,240],{"class":239},[67,104147,3849],{"class":81},[67,104149,104150],{"class":3852},"   # safe\n",[67,104152,104153,104155,104157,104159],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,104154,135],{"class":134},[67,104156,138],{"class":81},[67,104158,490],{"class":117},[67,104160,144],{"class":81},[14,104162,104163,104164,46086,104167,114],{},"If you use ",[17,104165,104166],{},"remove(\"z\")",[17,104168,19875],{},[1109,104170,25805,104172,104174],{"id":104171},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[17,104173,102838],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,104176,104177,102191],{},[17,104178,102838],{},[14,104180,16831],{},[58,104182,104184],{"className":60,"code":104183,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[17,104185,104186,104206],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,104187,104188,104190,104192,104194,104196,104198,104200,104202,104204],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,104189,1131],{"class":73},[67,104191,78],{"class":77},[67,104193,82],{"class":81},[67,104195,464],{"class":85},[67,104197,89],{"class":81},[67,104199,3182],{"class":85},[67,104201,89],{"class":81},[67,104203,2639],{"class":85},[67,104205,100],{"class":81},[67,104207,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,104209,1141],{"class":73},[67,104211,114],{"class":81},[67,104213,102905],{"class":117},[67,104215,138],{"class":81},[67,104217,2245],{"class":85},[67,104219,144],{"class":81},[14,104221,104222,104223,1161],{},"Use a set if you need ",[17,104224,102838],{},[58,104226,104228],{"className":60,"code":104227,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[17,104229,104230,104250,104264],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,104231,104232,104234,104236,104238,104240,104242,104244,104246,104248],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,104233,1131],{"class":73},[67,104235,78],{"class":77},[67,104237,10678],{"class":81},[67,104239,464],{"class":85},[67,104241,89],{"class":81},[67,104243,3182],{"class":85},[67,104245,89],{"class":81},[67,104247,2639],{"class":85},[67,104249,9496],{"class":81},[67,104251,104252,104254,104256,104258,104260,104262],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,104253,1141],{"class":73},[67,104255,114],{"class":81},[67,104257,102905],{"class":117},[67,104259,138],{"class":81},[67,104261,2245],{"class":85},[67,104263,144],{"class":81},[67,104265,104266,104268,104270,104272],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,104267,135],{"class":134},[67,104269,138],{"class":81},[67,104271,1141],{"class":117},[67,104273,144],{"class":81},[1109,104275,104277],{"id":104276},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104279,104280],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104282,3026],{},[58,104284,104286],{"className":60,"code":104285,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[17,104287,104288,104308],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,104289,104290,104292,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302,104304,104306],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,104291,9352],{"class":73},[67,104293,78],{"class":77},[67,104295,10678],{"class":81},[67,104297,464],{"class":85},[67,104299,89],{"class":81},[67,104301,3182],{"class":85},[67,104303,89],{"class":81},[67,104305,2639],{"class":85},[67,104307,9496],{"class":81},[67,104309,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,104311,9391],{"class":73},[67,104313,114],{"class":81},[67,104315,102905],{"class":117},[67,104317,370],{"class":81},[67,104319,2245],{"class":85},[67,104321,376],{"class":81},[14,104323,104324],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[53,104326,9058],{"id":9057},[14,104328,9061,104329,104331],{},[17,104330,102838],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[58,104333,104335],{"className":60,"code":104334,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[17,104336,104337,104347,104361,104375],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,104338,104339,104341,104343,104345],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,104340,135],{"class":134},[67,104342,138],{"class":81},[67,104344,15854],{"class":117},[67,104346,144],{"class":81},[67,104348,104349,104351,104353,104355,104357,104359],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,104350,135],{"class":134},[67,104352,138],{"class":81},[67,104354,2011],{"class":362},[67,104356,138],{"class":81},[67,104358,15854],{"class":117},[67,104360,1426],{"class":81},[67,104362,104363,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,104364,135],{"class":134},[67,104366,138],{"class":81},[67,104368,2634],{"class":117},[67,104370,4074],{"class":1167},[67,104372,96908],{"class":117},[67,104374,144],{"class":81},[67,104376,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,104378,32337],{"class":134},[67,104380,138],{"class":81},[67,104382,6479],{"class":362},[67,104384,114],{"class":81},[67,104386,102905],{"class":24938},[67,104388,144],{"class":81},[14,104390,11357],{},[25,104392,104393,104396,104399,104402],{},[28,104394,104395],{},"What is currently in the set",[28,104397,104398],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[28,104400,104401],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[28,104403,104404],{},"How Python documents the method",[53,104406,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,104408,104410],{"id":104409},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104412,104413,104414,104416],{},"Nothing happens. ",[17,104415,102838],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1109,104418,5331,104420,12906],{"id":104419},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[17,104421,102843],{},[14,104423,5337,104424,104426],{},[17,104425,1103],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1109,104428,5369,104430,961,104432,2681],{"id":104429},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[17,104431,102838],{},[17,104433,50],{},[14,104435,104436,104437,26726,104439,104441,104442,104444],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[17,104438,50],{},[17,104440,19875],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[17,104443,102838],{}," does not.",[1109,104446,28516,104448,104450],{"id":104447},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[17,104449,102838],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104452,46543,104453,104455],{},[17,104454,102838],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[53,104457,2094],{"id":2093},[25,104459,104460,104466,104472,104477,104481],{},[28,104461,104462],{},[45,104463,96798,104464,946],{"href":98193},[17,104465,50],{},[28,104467,104468],{},[45,104469,96798,104470,946],{"href":98198},[17,104471,39],{},[28,104473,104474],{},[45,104475,104476],{"href":97867},"Python set: creating a set",[28,104478,104479],{},[45,104480,100333],{"href":98775},[28,104482,104483],{},[45,104484,11449],{"href":11261},[2122,104486,104487],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":104489},[104490,104491,104493,104496,104501,104502,104503,104504,104506,104515,104516,104525],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":103015,"depth":103,"text":104492},"What set.discard() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352,"children":104494},[104495],{"id":103088,"depth":124,"text":103089},{"id":103168,"depth":103,"text":104497,"children":104498},"What makes discard() different",[104499],{"id":103207,"depth":124,"text":104500},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103360,"depth":103,"text":103361},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":103731,"depth":103,"text":103732},{"id":103924,"depth":103,"text":104505},"When to use discard()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":104507},[104508,104510,104512,104514],{"id":103953,"depth":124,"text":104509},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104083,"depth":124,"text":104511},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104171,"depth":124,"text":104513},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104276,"depth":124,"text":104277},{"id":9057,"depth":103,"text":9058},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":104517},[104518,104519,104521,104523],{"id":104409,"depth":124,"text":104410},{"id":104419,"depth":124,"text":104520},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104429,"depth":124,"text":104522},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104447,"depth":124,"text":104524},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102830,"description":104526},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104533,"title":104534,"body":104535,"description":106541,"extension":2153,"meta":106542,"navigation":127,"path":106543,"seo":106544,"stem":106545,"__hash__":106546},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104536,"toc":106499},[104537,104540,104548,104553,104564,104566,104621,104625,104645,104650,104654,104659,104661,104675,104677,104752,104754,104787,104792,104797,104799,104801,104816,104819,104827,104832,104847,104849,104938,104940,105029,105035,105039,105041,105079,105081,105105,105108,105123,105125,105180,105182,105215,105217,105222,105226,105230,105235,105300,105302,105322,105328,105332,105389,105391,105412,105416,105421,105466,105468,105501,105504,105508,105541,105543,105572,105576,105580,105583,105585,105604,105606,105652,105657,105671,105673,105704,105709,105712,105756,105758,105786,105790,105794,105810,105813,105878,105880,105892,105895,105899,105902,105907,105935,105937,105955,105961,106000,106002,106020,106026,106055,106057,106075,106078,106095,106097,106102,106106,106109,106135,106142,106147,106162,106171,106175,106178,106209,106215,106218,106227,106230,106232,106234,106292,106295,106320,106322,106326,106329,106333,106341,106345,106348,106352,106355,106357,106380,106382,106423,106430,106438,106441,106472,106474,106496],[10,104538,104534],{"id":104539},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104541,9309,104542,104544,104545,114],{},[17,104543,3988],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[3934,104546,104547],{},"unique values only",[14,104549,35591,104550,104552],{},[17,104551,3988],{}," to:",[25,104554,104555,104558,104561],{},[28,104556,104557],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[28,104559,104560],{},"check whether a value exists",[28,104562,104563],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[53,104565,56],{"id":55},[58,104567,104569],{"className":60,"code":104568,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[17,104570,104571,104595,104610],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,104572,104573,104575,104577,104579,104581,104583,104585,104587,104589,104591,104593],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,104574,74],{"class":73},[67,104576,78],{"class":77},[67,104578,82],{"class":81},[67,104580,464],{"class":85},[67,104582,89],{"class":81},[67,104584,3182],{"class":85},[67,104586,89],{"class":81},[67,104588,3182],{"class":85},[67,104590,89],{"class":81},[67,104592,2639],{"class":85},[67,104594,100],{"class":81},[67,104596,104597,104600,104602,104604,104606,104608],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,104598,104599],{"class":73},"unique_numbers ",[67,104601,78],{"class":77},[67,104603,15821],{"class":362},[67,104605,138],{"class":81},[67,104607,154],{"class":117},[67,104609,144],{"class":81},[67,104611,104612,104614,104616,104619],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,104613,135],{"class":134},[67,104615,138],{"class":81},[67,104617,104618],{"class":117},"unique_numbers",[67,104620,144],{"class":81},[14,104622,104623],{},[3934,104624,159],{},[58,104626,104627],{"className":60,"code":96591,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,104628,104629],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,104630,104631,104633,104635,104637,104639,104641,104643],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,104632,9465],{"class":81},[67,104634,464],{"class":85},[67,104636,89],{"class":81},[67,104638,3182],{"class":85},[67,104640,89],{"class":81},[67,104642,2639],{"class":85},[67,104644,9496],{"class":81},[14,104646,185,104647,104649],{},[17,104648,3988],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[53,104651,104653],{"id":104652},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104655,104656,104658],{},[17,104657,3988],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104660,30724],{},[25,104662,104663,104666,104669,104672],{},[28,104664,104665],{},"A set stores unique items only",[28,104667,104668],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[28,104670,104671],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[28,104673,104674],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104676,222],{},[58,104678,104680],{"className":60,"code":104679,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[17,104681,104682,104722,104737,104741],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,104683,104684,104686,104688,104690,104692,104694,104696,104698,104700,104702,104704,104706,104708,104710,104712,104714,104716,104718,104720],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,104685,232],{"class":73},[67,104687,78],{"class":77},[67,104689,82],{"class":81},[67,104691,240],{"class":239},[67,104693,244],{"class":243},[67,104695,240],{"class":239},[67,104697,89],{"class":81},[67,104699,251],{"class":239},[67,104701,263],{"class":243},[67,104703,240],{"class":239},[67,104705,89],{"class":81},[67,104707,251],{"class":239},[67,104709,244],{"class":243},[67,104711,240],{"class":239},[67,104713,89],{"class":81},[67,104715,251],{"class":239},[67,104717,254],{"class":243},[67,104719,240],{"class":239},[67,104721,100],{"class":81},[67,104723,104724,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,104725,104726],{"class":73},"unique_colors ",[67,104728,78],{"class":77},[67,104730,15821],{"class":362},[67,104732,138],{"class":81},[67,104734,312],{"class":117},[67,104736,144],{"class":81},[67,104738,104739],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,104740,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,104742,104743,104745,104747,104750],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,104744,135],{"class":134},[67,104746,138],{"class":81},[67,104748,104749],{"class":117},"unique_colors",[67,104751,144],{"class":81},[14,104753,30213],{},[58,104755,104757],{"className":60,"code":104756,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[17,104758,104759],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,104760,104761,104763,104765,104767,104769,104771,104773,104775,104777,104779,104781,104783,104785],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,104762,9465],{"class":81},[67,104764,333],{"class":239},[67,104766,263],{"class":243},[67,104768,333],{"class":239},[67,104770,89],{"class":81},[67,104772,342],{"class":239},[67,104774,254],{"class":243},[67,104776,333],{"class":239},[67,104778,89],{"class":81},[67,104780,342],{"class":239},[67,104782,244],{"class":243},[67,104784,333],{"class":239},[67,104786,9496],{"class":81},[14,104788,2473,104789,104791],{},[17,104790,65560],{}," appears only once.",[14,104793,104794,104795,114],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[45,104796,96312],{"href":96311},[53,104798,352],{"id":351},[14,104800,2347],{},[58,104802,104804],{"className":60,"code":104803,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set(iterable)\n",[17,104805,104806],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,104807,104808,104810,104812,104814],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,104809,6479],{"class":362},[67,104811,138],{"class":81},[67,104813,3911],{"class":117},[67,104815,144],{"class":81},[14,104817,104818],{},"The argument is optional.",[25,104820,104821,104824],{},[28,104822,104823],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[28,104825,104826],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104828,104829,104830,1161],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[17,104831,3988],{},[25,104833,104834,104836,104838,104840,104844],{},[28,104835,363],{},[28,104837,49132],{},[28,104839,61343],{},[28,104841,104842],{},[17,104843,36380],{},[28,104845,104846],{},"another set",[14,104848,2314],{},[58,104850,104852],{"className":60,"code":104851,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[17,104853,104854,104880,104902,104920],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,104855,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868,104870,104872,104874,104876,104878],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,104857,135],{"class":134},[67,104859,138],{"class":81},[67,104861,6479],{"class":362},[67,104863,370],{"class":81},[67,104865,464],{"class":85},[67,104867,89],{"class":81},[67,104869,3182],{"class":85},[67,104871,89],{"class":81},[67,104873,3182],{"class":85},[67,104875,89],{"class":81},[67,104877,2639],{"class":85},[67,104879,3189],{"class":81},[67,104881,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890,104892,104894,104896,104898,104900],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,104883,135],{"class":134},[67,104885,138],{"class":81},[67,104887,6479],{"class":362},[67,104889,5702],{"class":81},[67,104891,86],{"class":85},[67,104893,89],{"class":81},[67,104895,92],{"class":85},[67,104897,89],{"class":81},[67,104899,6196],{"class":85},[67,104901,3102],{"class":81},[67,104903,104904,104906,104908,104910,104912,104914,104916,104918],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,104905,135],{"class":134},[67,104907,138],{"class":81},[67,104909,6479],{"class":362},[67,104911,138],{"class":81},[67,104913,240],{"class":239},[67,104915,4036],{"class":243},[67,104917,240],{"class":239},[67,104919,1426],{"class":81},[67,104921,104922,104924,104926,104928,104930,104932,104934,104936],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,104923,135],{"class":134},[67,104925,138],{"class":81},[67,104927,6479],{"class":362},[67,104929,138],{"class":81},[67,104931,60167],{"class":134},[67,104933,138],{"class":81},[67,104935,2694],{"class":85},[67,104937,3102],{"class":81},[14,104939,30213],{},[58,104941,104943],{"className":60,"code":104942,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[17,104944,104945,104961,104973,105009],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,104946,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,104948,9465],{"class":81},[67,104950,464],{"class":85},[67,104952,89],{"class":81},[67,104954,3182],{"class":85},[67,104956,89],{"class":81},[67,104958,2639],{"class":85},[67,104960,9496],{"class":81},[67,104962,104963,104965,104967,104969,104971],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,104964,9465],{"class":81},[67,104966,86],{"class":85},[67,104968,89],{"class":81},[67,104970,92],{"class":85},[67,104972,9496],{"class":81},[67,104974,104975,104977,104979,104981,104983,104985,104987,104989,104991,104993,104995,104997,104999,105001,105003,105005,105007],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,104976,9465],{"class":81},[67,104978,333],{"class":239},[67,104980,60607],{"class":243},[67,104982,333],{"class":239},[67,104984,89],{"class":81},[67,104986,342],{"class":239},[67,104988,60616],{"class":243},[67,104990,333],{"class":239},[67,104992,89],{"class":81},[67,104994,342],{"class":239},[67,104996,60625],{"class":243},[67,104998,333],{"class":239},[67,105000,89],{"class":81},[67,105002,342],{"class":239},[67,105004,60642],{"class":243},[67,105006,333],{"class":239},[67,105008,9496],{"class":81},[67,105010,105011,105013,105015,105017,105019,105021,105023,105025,105027],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,105012,9465],{"class":81},[67,105014,1031],{"class":85},[67,105016,89],{"class":81},[67,105018,5689],{"class":85},[67,105020,89],{"class":81},[67,105022,3182],{"class":85},[67,105024,89],{"class":81},[67,105026,2639],{"class":85},[67,105028,9496],{"class":81},[14,105030,105031,105032,114],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[45,105033,105034],{"href":65016},"Python list() function explained",[53,105036,105038],{"id":105037},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,105040,98264],{},[58,105042,105043],{"className":60,"code":99229,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,105044,105045,105055,105065],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105046,105047,105049,105051,105053],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105048,98274],{"class":73},[67,105050,78],{"class":77},[67,105052,15821],{"class":362},[67,105054,121],{"class":81},[67,105056,105057,105059,105061,105063],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,105058,135],{"class":134},[67,105060,138],{"class":81},[67,105062,98293],{"class":117},[67,105064,144],{"class":81},[67,105066,105067,105069,105071,105073,105075,105077],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,105068,135],{"class":134},[67,105070,138],{"class":81},[67,105072,2011],{"class":362},[67,105074,138],{"class":81},[67,105076,98293],{"class":117},[67,105078,1426],{"class":81},[14,105080,159],{},[58,105082,105083],{"className":60,"code":99272,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,105084,105085,105091],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105086,105087,105089],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105088,6479],{"class":362},[67,105090,121],{"class":81},[67,105092,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,105094,1397],{"class":77},[67,105096,3482],{"class":2254},[67,105098,342],{"class":239},[67,105100,6479],{"class":243},[67,105102,333],{"class":239},[67,105104,3491],{"class":77},[14,105106,105107],{},"This is important because:",[25,105109,105110,105115],{},[28,105111,105112,105114],{},[17,105113,3988],{}," creates an empty set",[28,105116,105117,105119,105120,105122],{},[17,105118,3983],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[3934,105121,4820],{}," a set",[14,105124,222],{},[58,105126,105128],{"className":60,"code":105127,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[17,105129,105130,105140,105148,105152,105166],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105131,105132,105134,105136,105138],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105133,2744],{"class":73},[67,105135,78],{"class":77},[67,105137,15821],{"class":362},[67,105139,121],{"class":81},[67,105141,105142,105144,105146],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,105143,2772],{"class":73},[67,105145,78],{"class":77},[67,105147,10025],{"class":81},[67,105149,105150],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,105151,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,105153,105154,105156,105158,105160,105162,105164],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,105155,135],{"class":134},[67,105157,138],{"class":81},[67,105159,2011],{"class":362},[67,105161,138],{"class":81},[67,105163,45],{"class":117},[67,105165,1426],{"class":81},[67,105167,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176,105178],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,105169,135],{"class":134},[67,105171,138],{"class":81},[67,105173,2011],{"class":362},[67,105175,138],{"class":81},[67,105177,428],{"class":117},[67,105179,1426],{"class":81},[14,105181,159],{},[58,105183,105185],{"className":60,"code":105184,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[17,105186,105187,105201],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105188,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197,105199],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105190,1397],{"class":77},[67,105192,3482],{"class":2254},[67,105194,342],{"class":239},[67,105196,6479],{"class":243},[67,105198,333],{"class":239},[67,105200,3491],{"class":77},[67,105202,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211,105213],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,105204,1397],{"class":77},[67,105206,3482],{"class":2254},[67,105208,342],{"class":239},[67,105210,9007],{"class":243},[67,105212,333],{"class":239},[67,105214,3491],{"class":77},[14,105216,14235],{},[14,105218,105219,105220,114],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[45,105221,104476],{"href":96315},[53,105223,105225],{"id":105224},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1109,105227,105229],{"id":105228},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,105231,105232,105233,114],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[17,105234,3988],{},[58,105236,105238],{"className":60,"code":105237,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,105239,105240,105272,105286,105290],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105241,105242,105244,105246,105248,105250,105252,105254,105256,105258,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105243,74],{"class":73},[67,105245,78],{"class":77},[67,105247,82],{"class":81},[67,105249,464],{"class":85},[67,105251,89],{"class":81},[67,105253,3182],{"class":85},[67,105255,89],{"class":81},[67,105257,3182],{"class":85},[67,105259,89],{"class":81},[67,105261,2639],{"class":85},[67,105263,89],{"class":81},[67,105265,2639],{"class":85},[67,105267,89],{"class":81},[67,105269,2639],{"class":85},[67,105271,100],{"class":81},[67,105273,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,105275,2416],{"class":73},[67,105277,78],{"class":77},[67,105279,15821],{"class":362},[67,105281,138],{"class":81},[67,105283,154],{"class":117},[67,105285,144],{"class":81},[67,105287,105288],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,105289,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,105291,105292,105294,105296,105298],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,105293,135],{"class":134},[67,105295,138],{"class":81},[67,105297,2451],{"class":117},[67,105299,144],{"class":81},[14,105301,159],{},[58,105303,105304],{"className":60,"code":96591,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,105305,105306],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105307,105308,105310,105312,105314,105316,105318,105320],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105309,9465],{"class":81},[67,105311,464],{"class":85},[67,105313,89],{"class":81},[67,105315,3182],{"class":85},[67,105317,89],{"class":81},[67,105319,2639],{"class":85},[67,105321,9496],{"class":81},[14,105323,105324,105325,114],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[45,105326,99062],{"href":105327},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1109,105329,105331],{"id":105330},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[58,105333,105335],{"className":60,"code":105334,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,105336,105337,105361,105375,105379],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105338,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349,105351,105353,105355,105357,105359],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105340,4014],{"class":73},[67,105342,78],{"class":77},[67,105344,9423],{"class":81},[67,105346,1308],{"class":85},[67,105348,89],{"class":81},[67,105350,4794],{"class":85},[67,105352,89],{"class":81},[67,105354,6196],{"class":85},[67,105356,89],{"class":81},[67,105358,38116],{"class":85},[67,105360,144],{"class":81},[67,105362,105363,105365,105367,105369,105371,105373],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,105364,2416],{"class":73},[67,105366,78],{"class":77},[67,105368,15821],{"class":362},[67,105370,138],{"class":81},[67,105372,5549],{"class":117},[67,105374,144],{"class":81},[67,105376,105377],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,105378,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,105380,105381,105383,105385,105387],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,105382,135],{"class":134},[67,105384,138],{"class":81},[67,105386,2451],{"class":117},[67,105388,144],{"class":81},[14,105390,159],{},[58,105392,105394],{"className":60,"code":105393,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[17,105395,105396],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105397,105398,105400,105402,105404,105406,105408,105410],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105399,9465],{"class":81},[67,105401,1308],{"class":85},[67,105403,89],{"class":81},[67,105405,6196],{"class":85},[67,105407,89],{"class":81},[67,105409,38116],{"class":85},[67,105411,9496],{"class":81},[1109,105413,105415],{"id":105414},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105417,51304,105418,105420],{},[17,105419,3988],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[58,105422,105424],{"className":60,"code":105423,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,105425,105426,105438,105452,105456],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105427,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105429,34873],{"class":73},[67,105431,78],{"class":77},[67,105433,251],{"class":239},[67,105435,698],{"class":243},[67,105437,3547],{"class":239},[67,105439,105440,105442,105444,105446,105448,105450],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,105441,2416],{"class":73},[67,105443,78],{"class":77},[67,105445,15821],{"class":362},[67,105447,138],{"class":81},[67,105449,34894],{"class":117},[67,105451,144],{"class":81},[67,105453,105454],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,105455,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,105457,105458,105460,105462,105464],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,105459,135],{"class":134},[67,105461,138],{"class":81},[67,105463,2451],{"class":117},[67,105465,144],{"class":81},[14,105467,30213],{},[58,105469,105471],{"className":60,"code":105470,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[17,105472,105473],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105474,105475,105477,105479,105481,105483,105485,105487,105489,105491,105493,105495,105497,105499],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105476,9465],{"class":81},[67,105478,333],{"class":239},[67,105480,428],{"class":243},[67,105482,333],{"class":239},[67,105484,89],{"class":81},[67,105486,342],{"class":239},[67,105488,45],{"class":243},[67,105490,333],{"class":239},[67,105492,89],{"class":81},[67,105494,342],{"class":239},[67,105496,76011],{"class":243},[67,105498,333],{"class":239},[67,105500,9496],{"class":81},[14,105502,105503],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1109,105505,105507],{"id":105506},"from-range","From range()",[58,105509,105511],{"className":60,"code":105510,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[17,105512,105513,105531],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105514,105515,105517,105519,105521,105523,105525,105527,105529],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105516,2416],{"class":73},[67,105518,78],{"class":77},[67,105520,15821],{"class":362},[67,105522,138],{"class":81},[67,105524,60167],{"class":134},[67,105526,138],{"class":81},[67,105528,1308],{"class":85},[67,105530,1426],{"class":81},[67,105532,105533,105535,105537,105539],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,105534,135],{"class":134},[67,105536,138],{"class":81},[67,105538,2451],{"class":117},[67,105540,144],{"class":81},[14,105542,159],{},[58,105544,105546],{"className":60,"code":105545,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,105547,105548],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105549,105550,105552,105554,105556,105558,105560,105562,105564,105566,105568,105570],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105551,9465],{"class":81},[67,105553,1031],{"class":85},[67,105555,89],{"class":81},[67,105557,5689],{"class":85},[67,105559,89],{"class":81},[67,105561,3182],{"class":85},[67,105563,89],{"class":81},[67,105565,2639],{"class":85},[67,105567,89],{"class":81},[67,105569,2645],{"class":85},[67,105571,9496],{"class":81},[53,105573,105575],{"id":105574},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105577,99509,105578,114],{},[3934,105579,96355],{},[14,105581,105582],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105584,99515],{},[25,105586,105587,105591,105595,105599],{},[28,105588,105589],{},[17,105590,2376],{},[28,105592,105593],{},[17,105594,1526],{},[28,105596,105597],{},[17,105598,2379],{},[28,105600,105601,105603],{},[17,105602,49132],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105605,222],{},[58,105607,105609],{"className":60,"code":105608,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[17,105610,105611,105642],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105612,105613,105615,105617,105619,105621,105623,105625,105627,105629,105631,105633,105635,105637,105639],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105614,1131],{"class":73},[67,105616,78],{"class":77},[67,105618,10678],{"class":81},[67,105620,464],{"class":85},[67,105622,89],{"class":81},[67,105624,251],{"class":239},[67,105626,4036],{"class":243},[67,105628,240],{"class":239},[67,105630,89],{"class":81},[67,105632,9423],{"class":81},[67,105634,86],{"class":85},[67,105636,89],{"class":81},[67,105638,92],{"class":85},[67,105640,105641],{"class":81},")}\n",[67,105643,105644,105646,105648,105650],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,105645,135],{"class":134},[67,105647,138],{"class":81},[67,105649,1141],{"class":117},[67,105651,144],{"class":81},[14,105653,99577,105654,105656],{},[3934,105655,4820],{}," work inside a set:",[25,105658,105659,105663,105667],{},[28,105660,105661],{},[17,105662,363],{},[28,105664,105665],{},[17,105666,9007],{},[28,105668,105669],{},[17,105670,6479],{},[14,105672,97080],{},[58,105674,105676],{"className":60,"code":105675,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[17,105677,105678],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105679,105680,105682,105684,105686,105688,105690,105692,105694,105696,105698,105700,105702],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105681,99596],{"class":73},[67,105683,78],{"class":77},[67,105685,99601],{"class":81},[67,105687,464],{"class":85},[67,105689,89],{"class":81},[67,105691,3182],{"class":85},[67,105693,18249],{"class":81},[67,105695,82],{"class":81},[67,105697,2251],{"class":85},[67,105699,89],{"class":81},[67,105701,2645],{"class":85},[67,105703,13892],{"class":81},[14,105705,76839,105706,105708],{},[17,105707,1519],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105710,105711],{},"A safer example:",[58,105713,105715],{"className":60,"code":105714,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[17,105716,105717,105745],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105718,105719,105722,105724,105727,105729,105731,105733,105735,105737,105739,105741,105743],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105720,105721],{"class":73},"good_set ",[67,105723,78],{"class":77},[67,105725,105726],{"class":81}," {(",[67,105728,464],{"class":85},[67,105730,89],{"class":81},[67,105732,3182],{"class":85},[67,105734,9420],{"class":81},[67,105736,9423],{"class":81},[67,105738,2251],{"class":85},[67,105740,89],{"class":81},[67,105742,2645],{"class":85},[67,105744,105641],{"class":81},[67,105746,105747,105749,105751,105754],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,105748,135],{"class":134},[67,105750,138],{"class":81},[67,105752,105753],{"class":117},"good_set",[67,105755,144],{"class":81},[14,105757,159],{},[58,105759,105761],{"className":60,"code":105760,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[17,105762,105763],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105764,105765,105768,105770,105772,105774,105776,105778,105780,105782,105784],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105766,105767],{"class":81},"{(",[67,105769,464],{"class":85},[67,105771,89],{"class":81},[67,105773,3182],{"class":85},[67,105775,9420],{"class":81},[67,105777,9423],{"class":81},[67,105779,2251],{"class":85},[67,105781,89],{"class":81},[67,105783,2645],{"class":85},[67,105785,105641],{"class":81},[53,105787,105789],{"id":105788},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105791,185,105792,1671],{},[17,105793,3988],{},[25,105795,105796,105799,105804,105807],{},[28,105797,105798],{},"you need unique values only",[28,105800,105801,105802],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[17,105803,4074],{},[28,105805,105806],{},"order does not matter",[28,105808,105809],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105811,105812],{},"Example of membership checking:",[58,105814,105816],{"className":60,"code":105815,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[17,105817,105818,105843,105847,105863],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105819,105820,105823,105825,105827,105829,105831,105833,105836,105838,105841],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105821,105822],{"class":73},"allowed_ids ",[67,105824,78],{"class":77},[67,105826,15821],{"class":362},[67,105828,370],{"class":81},[67,105830,46770],{"class":85},[67,105832,89],{"class":81},[67,105834,105835],{"class":85}," 102",[67,105837,89],{"class":81},[67,105839,105840],{"class":85}," 103",[67,105842,376],{"class":81},[67,105844,105845],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,105846,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,105848,105849,105851,105853,105856,105858,105861],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,105850,135],{"class":134},[67,105852,138],{"class":81},[67,105854,105855],{"class":85},"102",[67,105857,21362],{"class":1167},[67,105859,105860],{"class":117}," allowed_ids",[67,105862,144],{"class":81},[67,105864,105865,105867,105869,105872,105874,105876],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,105866,135],{"class":134},[67,105868,138],{"class":81},[67,105870,105871],{"class":85},"999",[67,105873,21362],{"class":1167},[67,105875,105860],{"class":117},[67,105877,144],{"class":81},[14,105879,159],{},[58,105881,105882],{"className":60,"code":44353,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,105883,105884,105888],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105885,105886],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105887,4170],{"class":4043},[67,105889,105890],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,105891,4231],{"class":4043},[14,105893,105894],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[53,105896,105898],{"id":105897},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105900,105901],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1109,105903,185,105905,98206],{"id":105904},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[17,105906,3988],{},[58,105908,105909],{"className":60,"code":98267,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,105910,105911,105921],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105912,105913,105915,105917,105919],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105914,98274],{"class":73},[67,105916,78],{"class":77},[67,105918,15821],{"class":362},[67,105920,121],{"class":81},[67,105922,105923,105925,105927,105929,105931,105933],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,105924,135],{"class":134},[67,105926,138],{"class":81},[67,105928,2011],{"class":362},[67,105930,138],{"class":81},[67,105932,98293],{"class":117},[67,105934,1426],{"class":81},[14,105936,159],{},[58,105938,105939],{"className":60,"code":9038,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,105940,105941],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105942,105943,105945,105947,105949,105951,105953],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105944,1397],{"class":77},[67,105946,3482],{"class":2254},[67,105948,342],{"class":239},[67,105950,6479],{"class":243},[67,105952,333],{"class":239},[67,105954,3491],{"class":77},[1109,105956,185,105958,105960],{"id":105957},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[17,105959,100266],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[58,105962,105964],{"className":60,"code":105963,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[17,105965,105966,105986],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,105967,105968,105970,105972,105974,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,105969,74],{"class":73},[67,105971,78],{"class":77},[67,105973,10678],{"class":81},[67,105975,464],{"class":85},[67,105977,89],{"class":81},[67,105979,3182],{"class":85},[67,105981,89],{"class":81},[67,105983,2639],{"class":85},[67,105985,9496],{"class":81},[67,105987,105988,105990,105992,105994,105996,105998],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,105989,135],{"class":134},[67,105991,138],{"class":81},[67,105993,2011],{"class":362},[67,105995,138],{"class":81},[67,105997,154],{"class":117},[67,105999,1426],{"class":81},[14,106001,159],{},[58,106003,106004],{"className":60,"code":9038,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,106005,106006],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106007,106008,106010,106012,106014,106016,106018],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106009,1397],{"class":77},[67,106011,3482],{"class":2254},[67,106013,342],{"class":239},[67,106015,6479],{"class":243},[67,106017,333],{"class":239},[67,106019,3491],{"class":77},[1109,106021,185,106023,106025],{"id":106022},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[17,106024,3983],{}," for an empty dictionary",[58,106027,106029],{"className":60,"code":106028,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[17,106030,106031,106040],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106032,106033,106036,106038],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106034,106035],{"class":73},"empty_dict ",[67,106037,78],{"class":77},[67,106039,10025],{"class":81},[67,106041,106042,106044,106046,106048,106050,106053],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,106043,135],{"class":134},[67,106045,138],{"class":81},[67,106047,2011],{"class":362},[67,106049,138],{"class":81},[67,106051,106052],{"class":117},"empty_dict",[67,106054,1426],{"class":81},[14,106056,159],{},[58,106058,106059],{"className":60,"code":8994,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,106060,106061],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106062,106063,106065,106067,106069,106071,106073],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106064,1397],{"class":77},[67,106066,3482],{"class":2254},[67,106068,342],{"class":239},[67,106070,9007],{"class":243},[67,106072,333],{"class":239},[67,106074,3491],{"class":77},[14,106076,106077],{},"So the rule is simple:",[25,106079,106080,106085,106090],{},[28,106081,106082,106084],{},[17,106083,3988],{}," → empty set",[28,106086,106087,106089],{},[17,106088,100266],{}," → non-empty set",[28,106091,106092,106094],{},[17,106093,3983],{}," → empty dictionary",[53,106096,1907],{"id":1906},[14,106098,106099,106100,114],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[17,106101,3988],{},[1109,106103,8604,106104,99864],{"id":99861},[17,106105,3983],{},[14,106107,106108],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[58,106110,106111],{"className":60,"code":99870,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,106112,106113,106121],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106114,106115,106117,106119],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106116,2634],{"class":73},[67,106118,78],{"class":77},[67,106120,10025],{"class":81},[67,106122,106123,106125,106127,106129,106131,106133],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,106124,135],{"class":134},[67,106126,138],{"class":81},[67,106128,2011],{"class":362},[67,106130,138],{"class":81},[67,106132,2661],{"class":117},[67,106134,1426],{"class":81},[1109,106136,106138,106139],{"id":106137},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[17,106140,106141],{},"set(5)",[14,106143,106144,106146],{},[17,106145,3988],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[58,106148,106150],{"className":60,"code":106149,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set(5)\n",[17,106151,106152],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106153,106154,106156,106158,106160],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106155,6479],{"class":362},[67,106157,138],{"class":81},[67,106159,1308],{"class":85},[67,106161,144],{"class":81},[14,106163,3192,106164,106166,106167,114],{},[17,106165,1519],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[45,106168,106170],{"href":106169},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1109,106172,106174],{"id":106173},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,106176,106177],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[58,106179,106181],{"className":60,"code":106180,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[17,106182,106183],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106184,106185,106187,106189,106191,106193,106195,106197,106199,106201,106203,106205,106207],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106186,2634],{"class":73},[67,106188,78],{"class":77},[67,106190,99601],{"class":81},[67,106192,464],{"class":85},[67,106194,89],{"class":81},[67,106196,3182],{"class":85},[67,106198,18249],{"class":81},[67,106200,82],{"class":81},[67,106202,2251],{"class":85},[67,106204,89],{"class":81},[67,106206,2645],{"class":85},[67,106208,13892],{"class":81},[1109,106210,1930,106212,106214],{"id":106211},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[17,106213,3988],{}," to keep the original order",[14,106216,106217],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1109,106219,1923,106221,43,106223,3068,106225],{"id":106220},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[17,106222,3988],{},[17,106224,24969],{},[17,106226,9306],{},[14,106228,106229],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[53,106231,60879],{"id":60878},[14,106233,11300],{},[58,106235,106237],{"className":60,"code":106236,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[17,106238,106239,106254,106264,106278],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106240,106241,106243,106245,106247,106249,106252],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106242,135],{"class":134},[67,106244,138],{"class":81},[67,106246,2011],{"class":362},[67,106248,138],{"class":81},[67,106250,106251],{"class":117},"my_value",[67,106253,1426],{"class":81},[67,106255,106256,106258,106260,106262],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,106257,135],{"class":134},[67,106259,138],{"class":81},[67,106261,106251],{"class":117},[67,106263,144],{"class":81},[67,106265,106266,106268,106270,106272,106274,106276],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,106267,135],{"class":134},[67,106269,138],{"class":81},[67,106271,363],{"class":362},[67,106273,138],{"class":81},[67,106275,15854],{"class":117},[67,106277,1426],{"class":81},[67,106279,106280,106282,106284,106286,106288,106290],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,106281,135],{"class":134},[67,106283,138],{"class":81},[67,106285,1964],{"class":134},[67,106287,138],{"class":81},[67,106289,15854],{"class":117},[67,106291,1426],{"class":81},[14,106293,106294],{},"What they help you see:",[25,106296,106297,106303,106308,106314],{},[28,106298,106299,106302],{},[17,106300,106301],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[28,106304,106305,90530],{},[17,106306,106307],{},"print(my_value)",[28,106309,106310,106313],{},[17,106311,106312],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[28,106315,106316,106319],{},[17,106317,106318],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[53,106321,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,106323,106325],{"id":106324},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106327,106328],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1109,106330,106332],{"id":106331},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106334,185,106335,106337,106338,106340],{},[17,106336,3988],{},". Do not use ",[17,106339,3983],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1109,106342,106344],{"id":106343},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106346,106347],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1109,106349,106351],{"id":106350},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106353,106354],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106356,222],{},[58,106358,106360],{"className":60,"code":106359,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[17,106361,106362],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106363,106364,106366,106368,106370,106372,106374,106376,106378],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106365,135],{"class":134},[67,106367,138],{"class":81},[67,106369,6479],{"class":362},[67,106371,138],{"class":81},[67,106373,240],{"class":239},[67,106375,689],{"class":243},[67,106377,240],{"class":239},[67,106379,1426],{"class":81},[14,106381,30213],{},[58,106383,106385],{"className":60,"code":106384,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[17,106386,106387],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106388,106389,106391,106393,106395,106397,106399,106401,106403,106405,106407,106409,106411,106413,106415,106417,106419,106421],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106390,9465],{"class":81},[67,106392,333],{"class":239},[67,106394,45],{"class":243},[67,106396,333],{"class":239},[67,106398,89],{"class":81},[67,106400,342],{"class":239},[67,106402,14],{"class":243},[67,106404,333],{"class":239},[67,106406,89],{"class":81},[67,106408,342],{"class":239},[67,106410,60625],{"class":243},[67,106412,333],{"class":239},[67,106414,89],{"class":81},[67,106416,342],{"class":239},[67,106418,60616],{"class":243},[67,106420,333],{"class":239},[67,106422,9496],{"class":81},[1109,106424,5347,106426,106429],{"id":106425},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[17,106427,106428],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106431,106432,28872,106434,106437],{},[17,106433,3988],{},[3934,106435,106436],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106439,106440],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[58,106442,106444],{"className":60,"code":106443,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[17,106445,106446],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106447,106448,106450,106452,106454,106456,106458,106460,106462,106464,106466,106468,106470],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106449,135],{"class":134},[67,106451,138],{"class":81},[67,106453,6479],{"class":362},[67,106455,370],{"class":81},[67,106457,464],{"class":85},[67,106459,89],{"class":81},[67,106461,3182],{"class":85},[67,106463,89],{"class":81},[67,106465,2639],{"class":85},[67,106467,89],{"class":81},[67,106469,2645],{"class":85},[67,106471,3189],{"class":81},[53,106473,2094],{"id":2093},[25,106475,106476,106480,106484,106488,106492],{},[28,106477,106478],{},[45,106479,96312],{"href":96311},[28,106481,106482],{},[45,106483,104476],{"href":96315},[28,106485,106486],{},[45,106487,100328],{"href":105327},[28,106489,106490],{},[45,106491,105034],{"href":65016},[28,106493,106494],{},[45,106495,106170],{"href":106169},[2122,106497,106498],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":106500},[106501,106502,106503,106504,106505,106511,106512,106513,106521,106531,106532,106540],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":104652,"depth":103,"text":104653},{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":105037,"depth":103,"text":105038},{"id":105224,"depth":103,"text":105225,"children":106506},[106507,106508,106509,106510],{"id":105228,"depth":124,"text":105229},{"id":105330,"depth":124,"text":105331},{"id":105414,"depth":124,"text":105415},{"id":105506,"depth":124,"text":105507},{"id":105574,"depth":103,"text":105575},{"id":105788,"depth":103,"text":105789},{"id":105897,"depth":103,"text":105898,"children":106514},[106515,106517,106519],{"id":105904,"depth":124,"text":106516},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105957,"depth":124,"text":106518},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106022,"depth":124,"text":106520},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":106522},[106523,106524,106526,106527,106529],{"id":99861,"depth":124,"text":100369},{"id":106137,"depth":124,"text":106525},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106173,"depth":124,"text":106174},{"id":106211,"depth":124,"text":106528},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106220,"depth":124,"text":106530},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60878,"depth":103,"text":60879},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":106533},[106534,106535,106536,106537,106538],{"id":106324,"depth":124,"text":106325},{"id":106331,"depth":124,"text":106332},{"id":106343,"depth":124,"text":106344},{"id":106350,"depth":124,"text":106351},{"id":106425,"depth":124,"text":106539},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104534,"description":106541},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106548,"title":106549,"body":106550,"description":108065,"extension":2153,"meta":108066,"navigation":127,"path":108067,"seo":108068,"stem":108069,"__hash__":108070},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106551,"toc":108041},[106552,106558,106563,106566,106649,106654,106659,106664,106666,106679,106683,106685,106704,106707,106730,106733,106744,106746,106827,106829,106846,106848,106854,106857,106952,106954,106985,106987,106995,106997,107000,107111,107113,107138,107140,107162,107167,107172,107178,107287,107289,107305,107308,107311,107394,107396,107413,107421,107423,107427,107433,107524,107526,107559,107564,107571,107648,107650,107667,107673,107675,107679,107695,107698,107724,107726,107787,107789,107912,107914,107965,107971,107973,107978,107980,107986,107989,107993,107996,108000,108003,108013,108015,108038],[10,106553,3764,106555,11509],{"id":106554},"python-setintersection-method",[17,106556,106557],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106559,379,106560,106562],{},[17,106561,106557],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106564,106565],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[58,106567,106569],{"className":60,"code":106568,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[17,106570,106571,106591,106611,106615,106634,106644],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106572,106573,106575,106577,106579,106581,106583,106585,106587,106589],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106574,2744],{"class":73},[67,106576,78],{"class":77},[67,106578,10678],{"class":81},[67,106580,464],{"class":85},[67,106582,89],{"class":81},[67,106584,3182],{"class":85},[67,106586,89],{"class":81},[67,106588,2639],{"class":85},[67,106590,9496],{"class":81},[67,106592,106593,106595,106597,106599,106601,106603,106605,106607,106609],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,106594,2772],{"class":73},[67,106596,78],{"class":77},[67,106598,10678],{"class":81},[67,106600,2245],{"class":85},[67,106602,89],{"class":81},[67,106604,2639],{"class":85},[67,106606,89],{"class":81},[67,106608,2645],{"class":85},[67,106610,9496],{"class":81},[67,106612,106613],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,106614,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,106616,106617,106619,106621,106623,106625,106628,106630,106632],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,106618,2416],{"class":73},[67,106620,78],{"class":77},[67,106622,57056],{"class":73},[67,106624,114],{"class":81},[67,106626,106627],{"class":117},"intersection",[67,106629,138],{"class":81},[67,106631,428],{"class":117},[67,106633,144],{"class":81},[67,106635,106636,106638,106640,106642],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,106637,135],{"class":134},[67,106639,138],{"class":81},[67,106641,2451],{"class":117},[67,106643,144],{"class":81},[67,106645,106646],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,106647,106648],{"class":3852},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106650,185,106651,106653],{},[17,106652,102775],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[53,106655,13185,106657,13188],{"id":106656},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[17,106658,102775],{},[14,106660,106661,106663],{},[17,106662,102775],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106665,13241],{},[25,106667,106668,106671,106673,106676],{},[28,106669,106670],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[28,106672,100545],{},[28,106674,106675],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[28,106677,106678],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106680,96308,106681,114],{},[45,106682,96312],{"href":96311},[53,106684,352],{"id":351},[58,106686,106688],{"className":60,"code":106687,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[17,106689,106690],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106691,106692,106694,106696,106698,106700,106702],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106693,100569],{"class":73},[67,106695,114],{"class":81},[67,106697,106627],{"class":117},[67,106699,138],{"class":81},[67,106701,100578],{"class":117},[67,106703,144],{"class":81},[14,106705,106706],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[58,106708,106710],{"className":60,"code":106709,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[17,106711,106712],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106713,106714,106716,106718,106720,106722,106724,106726,106728],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106715,100569],{"class":73},[67,106717,114],{"class":81},[67,106719,106627],{"class":117},[67,106721,138],{"class":81},[67,106723,100578],{"class":117},[67,106725,89],{"class":81},[67,106727,100605],{"class":117},[67,106729,144],{"class":81},[14,106731,106732],{},"Important notes:",[25,106734,106735,106738,106741],{},[28,106736,106737],{},"The result is always a new set",[28,106739,106740],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[28,106742,106743],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106745,222],{},[58,106747,106749],{"className":60,"code":106748,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[17,106750,106751,106775,106795,106799,106817],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106752,106753,106755,106757,106759,106761,106763,106765,106767,106769,106771,106773],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106754,2744],{"class":73},[67,106756,78],{"class":77},[67,106758,10678],{"class":81},[67,106760,464],{"class":85},[67,106762,89],{"class":81},[67,106764,3182],{"class":85},[67,106766,89],{"class":81},[67,106768,2639],{"class":85},[67,106770,89],{"class":81},[67,106772,2645],{"class":85},[67,106774,9496],{"class":81},[67,106776,106777,106779,106781,106783,106785,106787,106789,106791,106793],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,106778,2772],{"class":73},[67,106780,78],{"class":77},[67,106782,10678],{"class":81},[67,106784,2251],{"class":85},[67,106786,89],{"class":81},[67,106788,2645],{"class":85},[67,106790,89],{"class":81},[67,106792,4794],{"class":85},[67,106794,9496],{"class":81},[67,106796,106797],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,106798,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,106800,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,106802,2416],{"class":73},[67,106804,78],{"class":77},[67,106806,57056],{"class":73},[67,106808,114],{"class":81},[67,106810,106627],{"class":117},[67,106812,138],{"class":81},[67,106814,428],{"class":117},[67,106816,144],{"class":81},[67,106818,106819,106821,106823,106825],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,106820,135],{"class":134},[67,106822,138],{"class":81},[67,106824,2451],{"class":117},[67,106826,144],{"class":81},[14,106828,159],{},[58,106830,106832],{"className":60,"code":106831,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{3, 4}\n",[17,106833,106834],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106835,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106837,9465],{"class":81},[67,106839,2251],{"class":85},[67,106841,89],{"class":81},[67,106843,2645],{"class":85},[67,106845,9496],{"class":81},[53,106847,17607],{"id":17606},[14,106849,106850,22164,106852,114],{},[17,106851,102775],{},[3934,106853,6479],{},[14,106855,106856],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[58,106858,106860],{"className":60,"code":106859,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,106861,106862,106882,106902,106906,106924,106928,106938],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106863,106864,106866,106868,106870,106872,106874,106876,106878,106880],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106865,2744],{"class":73},[67,106867,78],{"class":77},[67,106869,10678],{"class":81},[67,106871,464],{"class":85},[67,106873,89],{"class":81},[67,106875,3182],{"class":85},[67,106877,89],{"class":81},[67,106879,2639],{"class":85},[67,106881,9496],{"class":81},[67,106883,106884,106886,106888,106890,106892,106894,106896,106898,106900],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,106885,2772],{"class":73},[67,106887,78],{"class":77},[67,106889,10678],{"class":81},[67,106891,2245],{"class":85},[67,106893,89],{"class":81},[67,106895,2639],{"class":85},[67,106897,89],{"class":81},[67,106899,2645],{"class":85},[67,106901,9496],{"class":81},[67,106903,106904],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,106905,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,106907,106908,106910,106912,106914,106916,106918,106920,106922],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,106909,2416],{"class":73},[67,106911,78],{"class":77},[67,106913,57056],{"class":73},[67,106915,114],{"class":81},[67,106917,106627],{"class":117},[67,106919,138],{"class":81},[67,106921,428],{"class":117},[67,106923,144],{"class":81},[67,106925,106926],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,106927,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,106929,106930,106932,106934,106936],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,106931,135],{"class":134},[67,106933,138],{"class":81},[67,106935,2451],{"class":117},[67,106937,144],{"class":81},[67,106939,106940,106942,106944,106946,106948,106950],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,106941,135],{"class":134},[67,106943,138],{"class":81},[67,106945,2011],{"class":362},[67,106947,138],{"class":81},[67,106949,2451],{"class":117},[67,106951,1426],{"class":81},[14,106953,159],{},[58,106955,106957],{"className":60,"code":106956,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[17,106958,106959,106971],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,106960,106961,106963,106965,106967,106969],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,106962,9465],{"class":81},[67,106964,2245],{"class":85},[67,106966,89],{"class":81},[67,106968,2639],{"class":85},[67,106970,9496],{"class":81},[67,106972,106973,106975,106977,106979,106981,106983],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,106974,1397],{"class":77},[67,106976,3482],{"class":2254},[67,106978,342],{"class":239},[67,106980,6479],{"class":243},[67,106982,333],{"class":239},[67,106984,3491],{"class":77},[14,106986,85793],{},[25,106988,106989,106992],{},[28,106990,106991],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[28,106993,106994],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[53,106996,11663],{"id":11662},[14,106998,106999],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[58,107001,107003],{"className":60,"code":107002,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[17,107004,107005,107038,107071,107075,107096,107100],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,107006,107007,107010,107012,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,107008,107009],{"class":73},"colors1 ",[67,107011,78],{"class":77},[67,107013,10678],{"class":81},[67,107015,240],{"class":239},[67,107017,244],{"class":243},[67,107019,240],{"class":239},[67,107021,89],{"class":81},[67,107023,251],{"class":239},[67,107025,263],{"class":243},[67,107027,240],{"class":239},[67,107029,89],{"class":81},[67,107031,251],{"class":239},[67,107033,254],{"class":243},[67,107035,240],{"class":239},[67,107037,9496],{"class":81},[67,107039,107040,107043,107045,107047,107049,107051,107053,107055,107057,107059,107061,107063,107065,107067,107069],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,107041,107042],{"class":73},"colors2 ",[67,107044,78],{"class":77},[67,107046,10678],{"class":81},[67,107048,240],{"class":239},[67,107050,254],{"class":243},[67,107052,240],{"class":239},[67,107054,89],{"class":81},[67,107056,251],{"class":239},[67,107058,22713],{"class":243},[67,107060,240],{"class":239},[67,107062,89],{"class":81},[67,107064,251],{"class":239},[67,107066,263],{"class":243},[67,107068,240],{"class":239},[67,107070,9496],{"class":81},[67,107072,107073],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,107074,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,107076,107077,107080,107082,107085,107087,107089,107091,107094],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,107078,107079],{"class":73},"common_colors ",[67,107081,78],{"class":77},[67,107083,107084],{"class":73}," colors1",[67,107086,114],{"class":81},[67,107088,106627],{"class":117},[67,107090,138],{"class":81},[67,107092,107093],{"class":117},"colors2",[67,107095,144],{"class":81},[67,107097,107098],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,107099,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,107101,107102,107104,107106,107109],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,107103,135],{"class":134},[67,107105,138],{"class":81},[67,107107,107108],{"class":117},"common_colors",[67,107110,144],{"class":81},[14,107112,159],{},[58,107114,107116],{"className":60,"code":107115,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[17,107117,107118],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,107119,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128,107130,107132,107134,107136],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,107121,9465],{"class":81},[67,107123,333],{"class":239},[67,107125,263],{"class":243},[67,107127,333],{"class":239},[67,107129,89],{"class":81},[67,107131,342],{"class":239},[67,107133,254],{"class":243},[67,107135,333],{"class":239},[67,107137,9496],{"class":81},[14,107139,11872],{},[25,107141,107142,107148,107152,107157],{},[28,107143,107144,107147],{},[17,107145,107146],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[28,107149,107150,107147],{},[17,107151,107093],{},[28,107153,107154,107156],{},[17,107155,102775],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[28,107158,107159,107160],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[17,107161,107108],{},[53,107163,8604,107165,101142],{"id":107164},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[17,107166,102775],{},[14,107168,107169,107170,114],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[17,107171,102775],{},[14,107173,107174,107175,107177],{},"Only the values found in ",[3934,107176,3906],{}," inputs will be kept.",[58,107179,107181],{"className":60,"code":107180,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[17,107182,107183,107207,107231,107251,107255,107277],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,107184,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195,107197,107199,107201,107203,107205],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,107186,2744],{"class":73},[67,107188,78],{"class":77},[67,107190,10678],{"class":81},[67,107192,464],{"class":85},[67,107194,89],{"class":81},[67,107196,3182],{"class":85},[67,107198,89],{"class":81},[67,107200,2639],{"class":85},[67,107202,89],{"class":81},[67,107204,2645],{"class":85},[67,107206,9496],{"class":81},[67,107208,107209,107211,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221,107223,107225,107227,107229],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,107210,2772],{"class":73},[67,107212,78],{"class":77},[67,107214,10678],{"class":81},[67,107216,2245],{"class":85},[67,107218,89],{"class":81},[67,107220,2639],{"class":85},[67,107222,89],{"class":81},[67,107224,2645],{"class":85},[67,107226,89],{"class":81},[67,107228,4794],{"class":85},[67,107230,9496],{"class":81},[67,107232,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241,107243,107245,107247,107249],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,107234,83167],{"class":73},[67,107236,78],{"class":77},[67,107238,10678],{"class":81},[67,107240,2251],{"class":85},[67,107242,89],{"class":81},[67,107244,2645],{"class":85},[67,107246,89],{"class":81},[67,107248,37823],{"class":85},[67,107250,9496],{"class":81},[67,107252,107253],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,107254,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,107256,107257,107259,107261,107263,107265,107267,107269,107271,107273,107275],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,107258,2416],{"class":73},[67,107260,78],{"class":77},[67,107262,57056],{"class":73},[67,107264,114],{"class":81},[67,107266,106627],{"class":117},[67,107268,138],{"class":81},[67,107270,428],{"class":117},[67,107272,89],{"class":81},[67,107274,9869],{"class":117},[67,107276,144],{"class":81},[67,107278,107279,107281,107283,107285],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,107280,135],{"class":134},[67,107282,138],{"class":81},[67,107284,2451],{"class":117},[67,107286,144],{"class":81},[14,107288,159],{},[58,107290,107291],{"className":60,"code":106831,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,107292,107293],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,107294,107295,107297,107299,107301,107303],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,107296,9465],{"class":81},[67,107298,2251],{"class":85},[67,107300,89],{"class":81},[67,107302,2645],{"class":85},[67,107304,9496],{"class":81},[14,107306,107307],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107309,107310],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[58,107312,107314],{"className":60,"code":107313,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[17,107315,107316,107340,107344,107384],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,107317,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334,107336,107338],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,107319,2744],{"class":73},[67,107321,78],{"class":77},[67,107323,10678],{"class":81},[67,107325,464],{"class":85},[67,107327,89],{"class":81},[67,107329,3182],{"class":85},[67,107331,89],{"class":81},[67,107333,2639],{"class":85},[67,107335,89],{"class":81},[67,107337,2645],{"class":85},[67,107339,9496],{"class":81},[67,107341,107342],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,107343,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,107345,107346,107348,107350,107352,107354,107356,107358,107360,107362,107364,107366,107368,107370,107372,107374,107376,107378,107380,107382],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,107347,2416],{"class":73},[67,107349,78],{"class":77},[67,107351,57056],{"class":73},[67,107353,114],{"class":81},[67,107355,106627],{"class":117},[67,107357,370],{"class":81},[67,107359,2245],{"class":85},[67,107361,89],{"class":81},[67,107363,2645],{"class":85},[67,107365,89],{"class":81},[67,107367,37823],{"class":85},[67,107369,18249],{"class":81},[67,107371,9423],{"class":81},[67,107373,464],{"class":85},[67,107375,89],{"class":81},[67,107377,3182],{"class":85},[67,107379,89],{"class":81},[67,107381,2645],{"class":85},[67,107383,1426],{"class":81},[67,107385,107386,107388,107390,107392],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,107387,135],{"class":134},[67,107389,138],{"class":81},[67,107391,2451],{"class":117},[67,107393,144],{"class":81},[14,107395,159],{},[58,107397,107399],{"className":60,"code":107398,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{2, 4}\n",[17,107400,107401],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,107402,107403,107405,107407,107409,107411],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,107404,9465],{"class":81},[67,107406,2245],{"class":85},[67,107408,89],{"class":81},[67,107410,2645],{"class":85},[67,107412,9496],{"class":81},[53,107414,107416,10773,107418],{"id":107415},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[17,107417,102775],{},[17,107419,107420],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107422,101312],{},[1109,107424,107425],{"id":106627},[17,107426,102775],{},[25,107428,107429,107431],{},[28,107430,101321],{},[28,107432,101324],{},[58,107434,107436],{"className":60,"code":107435,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[17,107437,107438,107458,107478,107482,107500,107504,107514],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,107439,107440,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450,107452,107454,107456],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,107441,2744],{"class":73},[67,107443,78],{"class":77},[67,107445,10678],{"class":81},[67,107447,464],{"class":85},[67,107449,89],{"class":81},[67,107451,3182],{"class":85},[67,107453,89],{"class":81},[67,107455,2639],{"class":85},[67,107457,9496],{"class":81},[67,107459,107460,107462,107464,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474,107476],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,107461,2772],{"class":73},[67,107463,78],{"class":77},[67,107465,10678],{"class":81},[67,107467,2245],{"class":85},[67,107469,89],{"class":81},[67,107471,2639],{"class":85},[67,107473,89],{"class":81},[67,107475,2645],{"class":85},[67,107477,9496],{"class":81},[67,107479,107480],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,107481,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,107483,107484,107486,107488,107490,107492,107494,107496,107498],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,107485,2416],{"class":73},[67,107487,78],{"class":77},[67,107489,57056],{"class":73},[67,107491,114],{"class":81},[67,107493,106627],{"class":117},[67,107495,138],{"class":81},[67,107497,428],{"class":117},[67,107499,144],{"class":81},[67,107501,107502],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,107503,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,107505,107506,107508,107510,107512],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,107507,135],{"class":134},[67,107509,138],{"class":81},[67,107511,45],{"class":117},[67,107513,144],{"class":81},[67,107515,107516,107518,107520,107522],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,107517,135],{"class":134},[67,107519,138],{"class":81},[67,107521,2451],{"class":117},[67,107523,144],{"class":81},[14,107525,159],{},[58,107527,107529],{"className":60,"code":107528,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[17,107530,107531,107547],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,107532,107533,107535,107537,107539,107541,107543,107545],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,107534,9465],{"class":81},[67,107536,464],{"class":85},[67,107538,89],{"class":81},[67,107540,3182],{"class":85},[67,107542,89],{"class":81},[67,107544,2639],{"class":85},[67,107546,9496],{"class":81},[67,107548,107549,107551,107553,107555,107557],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,107550,9465],{"class":81},[67,107552,2245],{"class":85},[67,107554,89],{"class":81},[67,107556,2639],{"class":85},[67,107558,9496],{"class":81},[1109,107560,107562],{"id":107561},"intersection_update",[17,107563,107420],{},[25,107565,107566,107568],{},[28,107567,101464],{},[28,107569,107570],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[58,107572,107574],{"className":60,"code":107573,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[17,107575,107576,107596,107616,107620,107634,107638],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,107577,107578,107580,107582,107584,107586,107588,107590,107592,107594],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,107579,2744],{"class":73},[67,107581,78],{"class":77},[67,107583,10678],{"class":81},[67,107585,464],{"class":85},[67,107587,89],{"class":81},[67,107589,3182],{"class":85},[67,107591,89],{"class":81},[67,107593,2639],{"class":85},[67,107595,9496],{"class":81},[67,107597,107598,107600,107602,107604,107606,107608,107610,107612,107614],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,107599,2772],{"class":73},[67,107601,78],{"class":77},[67,107603,10678],{"class":81},[67,107605,2245],{"class":85},[67,107607,89],{"class":81},[67,107609,2639],{"class":85},[67,107611,89],{"class":81},[67,107613,2645],{"class":85},[67,107615,9496],{"class":81},[67,107617,107618],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,107619,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,107621,107622,107624,107626,107628,107630,107632],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,107623,45],{"class":73},[67,107625,114],{"class":81},[67,107627,107561],{"class":117},[67,107629,138],{"class":81},[67,107631,428],{"class":117},[67,107633,144],{"class":81},[67,107635,107636],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,107637,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,107639,107640,107642,107644,107646],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,107641,135],{"class":134},[67,107643,138],{"class":81},[67,107645,45],{"class":117},[67,107647,144],{"class":81},[14,107649,159],{},[58,107651,107653],{"className":60,"code":107652,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{2, 3}\n",[17,107654,107655],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,107656,107657,107659,107661,107663,107665],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,107658,9465],{"class":81},[67,107660,2245],{"class":85},[67,107662,89],{"class":81},[67,107664,2639],{"class":85},[67,107666,9496],{"class":81},[14,107668,107669,107670,107672],{},"Choose ",[17,107671,102775],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[53,107674,4707],{"id":4706},[14,107676,14920,107677,1161],{},[17,107678,102775],{},[25,107680,107681,107684,107687,107690],{},[28,107682,107683],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[28,107685,107686],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[28,107688,107689],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[28,107691,107692,107693],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[17,107694,102775],{},[14,107696,107697],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[25,107699,107700,107705,107708,107721],{},[28,107701,8604,107702,107704],{},[17,107703,102775],{}," when order matters",[28,107706,107707],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[28,107709,1923,107710,43,107712,3068,107717],{},[17,107711,102775],{},[45,107713,107715],{"href":107714},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[17,107716,102783],{},[45,107718,107719],{"href":102824},[17,107720,100398],{},[28,107722,107723],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107725,30319],{},[58,107727,107729],{"className":60,"code":107728,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[17,107730,107731,107741,107755,107773],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,107732,107733,107735,107737,107739],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,107734,135],{"class":134},[67,107736,138],{"class":81},[67,107738,15854],{"class":117},[67,107740,144],{"class":81},[67,107742,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,107744,135],{"class":134},[67,107746,138],{"class":81},[67,107748,2011],{"class":362},[67,107750,138],{"class":81},[67,107752,2451],{"class":117},[67,107754,1426],{"class":81},[67,107756,107757,107759,107761,107763,107765,107767,107769,107771],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,107758,135],{"class":134},[67,107760,138],{"class":81},[67,107762,100569],{"class":117},[67,107764,114],{"class":81},[67,107766,106627],{"class":117},[67,107768,138],{"class":81},[67,107770,100578],{"class":117},[67,107772,1426],{"class":81},[67,107774,107775,107777,107779,107781,107783,107785],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,107776,135],{"class":134},[67,107778,138],{"class":81},[67,107780,1964],{"class":134},[67,107782,138],{"class":81},[67,107784,2451],{"class":117},[67,107786,1426],{"class":81},[14,107788,222],{},[58,107790,107792],{"className":60,"code":107791,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[17,107793,107794,107818,107838,107842,107860,107864,107874,107884,107898],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,107795,107796,107798,107800,107802,107804,107806,107808,107810,107812,107814,107816],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,107797,74],{"class":73},[67,107799,78],{"class":77},[67,107801,10678],{"class":81},[67,107803,464],{"class":85},[67,107805,89],{"class":81},[67,107807,3182],{"class":85},[67,107809,89],{"class":81},[67,107811,3182],{"class":85},[67,107813,89],{"class":81},[67,107815,2639],{"class":85},[67,107817,9496],{"class":81},[67,107819,107820,107822,107824,107826,107828,107830,107832,107834,107836],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,107821,43729],{"class":73},[67,107823,78],{"class":77},[67,107825,10678],{"class":81},[67,107827,2245],{"class":85},[67,107829,89],{"class":81},[67,107831,2639],{"class":85},[67,107833,89],{"class":81},[67,107835,2645],{"class":85},[67,107837,9496],{"class":81},[67,107839,107840],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,107841,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,107843,107844,107846,107848,107850,107852,107854,107856,107858],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,107845,2416],{"class":73},[67,107847,78],{"class":77},[67,107849,111],{"class":73},[67,107851,114],{"class":81},[67,107853,106627],{"class":117},[67,107855,138],{"class":81},[67,107857,30927],{"class":117},[67,107859,144],{"class":81},[67,107861,107862],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,107863,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,107865,107866,107868,107870,107872],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,107867,135],{"class":134},[67,107869,138],{"class":81},[67,107871,154],{"class":117},[67,107873,144],{"class":81},[67,107875,107876,107878,107880,107882],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,107877,135],{"class":134},[67,107879,138],{"class":81},[67,107881,2451],{"class":117},[67,107883,144],{"class":81},[67,107885,107886,107888,107890,107892,107894,107896],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,107887,135],{"class":134},[67,107889,138],{"class":81},[67,107891,2011],{"class":362},[67,107893,138],{"class":81},[67,107895,2451],{"class":117},[67,107897,1426],{"class":81},[67,107899,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,107901,135],{"class":134},[67,107903,138],{"class":81},[67,107905,1964],{"class":134},[67,107907,138],{"class":81},[67,107909,2451],{"class":117},[67,107911,1426],{"class":81},[14,107913,159],{},[58,107915,107917],{"className":60,"code":107916,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[17,107918,107919,107935,107947,107961],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,107920,107921,107923,107925,107927,107929,107931,107933],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,107922,9465],{"class":81},[67,107924,464],{"class":85},[67,107926,89],{"class":81},[67,107928,3182],{"class":85},[67,107930,89],{"class":81},[67,107932,2639],{"class":85},[67,107934,9496],{"class":81},[67,107936,107937,107939,107941,107943,107945],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,107938,9465],{"class":81},[67,107940,2245],{"class":85},[67,107942,89],{"class":81},[67,107944,2639],{"class":85},[67,107946,9496],{"class":81},[67,107948,107949,107951,107953,107955,107957,107959],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,107950,1397],{"class":77},[67,107952,3482],{"class":2254},[67,107954,342],{"class":239},[67,107956,6479],{"class":243},[67,107958,333],{"class":239},[67,107960,3491],{"class":77},[67,107962,107963],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,107964,17244],{"class":85},[14,107966,107967,107968,107970],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[17,107969,2245],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[53,107972,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,107974,12894,107976,102723],{"id":107975},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[17,107977,102775],{},[14,107979,102726],{},[1109,107981,5359,107983,107985],{"id":107982},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[17,107984,102775],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,107987,107988],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1109,107990,107992],{"id":107991},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,107994,107995],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1109,107997,107999],{"id":107998},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,108001,108002],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[58,108004,108005],{"className":60,"code":97442,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,108006,108007],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,108008,108009,108011],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,108010,6479],{"class":362},[67,108012,121],{"class":81},[53,108014,2094],{"id":2093},[25,108016,108017,108021,108028,108034],{},[28,108018,108019],{},[45,108020,96312],{"href":96311},[28,108022,108023],{},[45,108024,3764,108025,946],{"href":107714},[17,108026,108027],{},"set.union()",[28,108029,108030],{},[45,108031,3764,108032,946],{"href":102824},[17,108033,100403],{},[28,108035,108036],{},[45,108037,100328],{"href":105327},[2122,108039,108040],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":108042},[108043,108045,108046,108047,108048,108050,108055,108056,108064],{"id":106656,"depth":103,"text":108044},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":107164,"depth":103,"text":108049},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107415,"depth":103,"text":108051,"children":108052},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108053,108054],{"id":106627,"depth":124,"text":102775},{"id":107561,"depth":124,"text":107420},{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":108057},[108058,108060,108062,108063],{"id":107975,"depth":124,"text":108059},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107982,"depth":124,"text":108061},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107991,"depth":124,"text":107992},{"id":107998,"depth":124,"text":107999},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106549,"description":108065},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108072,"title":108073,"body":108074,"description":109310,"extension":2153,"meta":109311,"navigation":127,"path":109312,"seo":109313,"stem":109314,"__hash__":109315},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108075,"toc":109277},[108076,108081,108087,108096,108098,108173,108178,108193,108203,108208,108212,108225,108229,108231,108246,108248,108264,108266,108341,108345,108348,108350,108367,108372,108427,108432,108444,108448,108451,108552,108554,108595,108598,108602,108609,108611,108636,108639,108657,108664,108670,108673,108755,108762,108765,108845,108854,108857,108862,108866,108880,108929,108934,108938,108949,108998,109009,109014,109018,109030,109079,109090,109092,109096,109119,109121,109178,109180,109194,109196,109202,109208,109214,109223,109227,109234,109238,109246,109248,109274],[10,108077,96184,108079,11509],{"id":108078},"python-set-pop-method",[17,108080,39],{},[14,108082,108083,108086],{},[17,108084,108085],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,108088,108089,108090,108092,108093,108095],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[3934,108091,4820],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[17,108094,39],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[53,108097,56],{"id":55},[58,108099,108101],{"className":60,"code":108100,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[17,108102,108103,108135,108149,108153,108163],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,108104,108105,108107,108109,108111,108113,108115,108117,108119,108121,108123,108125,108127,108129,108131,108133],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,108106,1131],{"class":73},[67,108108,78],{"class":77},[67,108110,10678],{"class":81},[67,108112,240],{"class":239},[67,108114,689],{"class":243},[67,108116,240],{"class":239},[67,108118,89],{"class":81},[67,108120,251],{"class":239},[67,108122,698],{"class":243},[67,108124,240],{"class":239},[67,108126,89],{"class":81},[67,108128,251],{"class":239},[67,108130,707],{"class":243},[67,108132,240],{"class":239},[67,108134,9496],{"class":81},[67,108136,108137,108139,108141,108143,108145,108147],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,108138,276],{"class":73},[67,108140,78],{"class":77},[67,108142,1220],{"class":73},[67,108144,114],{"class":81},[67,108146,118],{"class":117},[67,108148,121],{"class":81},[67,108150,108151],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,108152,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,108154,108155,108157,108159,108161],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,108156,135],{"class":134},[67,108158,138],{"class":81},[67,108160,300],{"class":117},[67,108162,144],{"class":81},[67,108164,108165,108167,108169,108171],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,108166,135],{"class":134},[67,108168,138],{"class":81},[67,108170,1141],{"class":117},[67,108172,144],{"class":81},[14,108174,108175],{},[3934,108176,108177],{},"What this does:",[25,108179,108180,108185,108190],{},[28,108181,108182,108183],{},"Removes one item from ",[17,108184,1141],{},[28,108186,108187,108188],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[17,108189,300],{},[28,108191,108192],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,108194,108195,88944,108197,108199,108200,108202],{},[3934,108196,83802],{},[17,108198,108085],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[3934,108201,4820],{}," chosen by index.",[53,108204,3867,108206,3870],{"id":108205},"what-setpop-does",[17,108207,108085],{},[14,108209,108210,1161],{},[17,108211,108085],{},[25,108213,108214,108216,108219,108222],{},[28,108215,103026],{},[28,108217,108218],{},"Returns the removed item",[28,108220,108221],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[28,108223,108224],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108226,96308,108227,114],{},[45,108228,96312],{"href":97483},[53,108230,352],{"id":351},[58,108232,108234],{"className":60,"code":108233,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set.pop()\n",[17,108235,108236],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,108237,108238,108240,108242,108244],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,108239,15854],{"class":73},[67,108241,114],{"class":81},[67,108243,118],{"class":117},[67,108245,121],{"class":81},[14,108247,13241],{},[25,108249,108250,108256,108261],{},[28,108251,108252,108253],{},"The syntax is ",[17,108254,108255],{},"my_set.pop()",[28,108257,108258,108259],{},"It takes ",[3934,108260,28875],{},[28,108262,108263],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108265,222],{},[58,108267,108269],{"className":60,"code":108268,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[17,108270,108271,108303,108317,108321,108331],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,108272,108273,108275,108277,108279,108281,108283,108285,108287,108289,108291,108293,108295,108297,108299,108301],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,108274,232],{"class":73},[67,108276,78],{"class":77},[67,108278,10678],{"class":81},[67,108280,240],{"class":239},[67,108282,244],{"class":243},[67,108284,240],{"class":239},[67,108286,89],{"class":81},[67,108288,251],{"class":239},[67,108290,263],{"class":243},[67,108292,240],{"class":239},[67,108294,89],{"class":81},[67,108296,251],{"class":239},[67,108298,254],{"class":243},[67,108300,240],{"class":239},[67,108302,9496],{"class":81},[67,108304,108305,108307,108309,108311,108313,108315],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,108306,450],{"class":73},[67,108308,78],{"class":77},[67,108310,281],{"class":73},[67,108312,114],{"class":81},[67,108314,118],{"class":117},[67,108316,121],{"class":81},[67,108318,108319],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,108320,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,108322,108323,108325,108327,108329],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,108324,135],{"class":134},[67,108326,138],{"class":81},[67,108328,479],{"class":117},[67,108330,144],{"class":81},[67,108332,108333,108335,108337,108339],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,108334,135],{"class":134},[67,108336,138],{"class":81},[67,108338,312],{"class":117},[67,108340,144],{"class":81},[53,108342,108344],{"id":108343},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108346,108347],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108349,2296],{},[25,108351,108352,108358,108361],{},[28,108353,108354,108355,108357],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[17,108356,39],{}," removes",[28,108359,108360],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[28,108362,108363,108364,108366],{},"You should not use ",[17,108365,39],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108368,10648,108369,108371],{},[3934,108370,4820],{}," valid:",[58,108373,108375],{"className":60,"code":108374,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[17,108376,108377,108409],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,108378,108379,108381,108383,108385,108387,108389,108391,108393,108395,108397,108399,108401,108403,108405,108407],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,108380,680],{"class":73},[67,108382,78],{"class":77},[67,108384,10678],{"class":81},[67,108386,240],{"class":239},[67,108388,689],{"class":243},[67,108390,240],{"class":239},[67,108392,89],{"class":81},[67,108394,251],{"class":239},[67,108396,698],{"class":243},[67,108398,240],{"class":239},[67,108400,89],{"class":81},[67,108402,251],{"class":239},[67,108404,707],{"class":243},[67,108406,240],{"class":239},[67,108408,9496],{"class":81},[67,108410,108411,108413,108415,108417,108419,108421,108423,108425],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,108412,766],{"class":73},[67,108414,114],{"class":81},[67,108416,118],{"class":117},[67,108418,138],{"class":81},[67,108420,240],{"class":239},[67,108422,689],{"class":243},[67,108424,240],{"class":239},[67,108426,144],{"class":81},[14,108428,39832,108429,108431],{},[17,108430,108085],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108433,108434,108435,3068,108439,114],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[45,108436,108437],{"href":98193},[17,108438,102852],{},[45,108440,108442],{"href":108441},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[17,108443,102843],{},[53,108445,108447],{"id":108446},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108449,108450],{},"Here is a simple example:",[58,108452,108454],{"className":60,"code":108453,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[17,108455,108456,108490,108494,108510,108514,108533],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,108457,108458,108461,108463,108465,108467,108469,108471,108473,108475,108477,108479,108481,108483,108486,108488],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,108459,108460],{"class":73},"animals ",[67,108462,78],{"class":77},[67,108464,10678],{"class":81},[67,108466,240],{"class":239},[67,108468,37227],{"class":243},[67,108470,240],{"class":239},[67,108472,89],{"class":81},[67,108474,251],{"class":239},[67,108476,58296],{"class":243},[67,108478,240],{"class":239},[67,108480,89],{"class":81},[67,108482,251],{"class":239},[67,108484,108485],{"class":243},"rabbit",[67,108487,240],{"class":239},[67,108489,9496],{"class":81},[67,108491,108492],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,108493,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,108495,108496,108499,108501,108504,108506,108508],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,108497,108498],{"class":73},"removed_animal ",[67,108500,78],{"class":77},[67,108502,108503],{"class":73}," animals",[67,108505,114],{"class":81},[67,108507,118],{"class":117},[67,108509,121],{"class":81},[67,108511,108512],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,108513,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,108515,108516,108518,108520,108522,108524,108526,108528,108531],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,108517,135],{"class":134},[67,108519,138],{"class":81},[67,108521,240],{"class":239},[67,108523,29143],{"class":243},[67,108525,240],{"class":239},[67,108527,89],{"class":81},[67,108529,108530],{"class":117}," removed_animal",[67,108532,144],{"class":81},[67,108534,108535,108537,108539,108541,108544,108546,108548,108550],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,108536,135],{"class":134},[67,108538,138],{"class":81},[67,108540,240],{"class":239},[67,108542,108543],{"class":243},"Updated set:",[67,108545,240],{"class":239},[67,108547,89],{"class":81},[67,108549,108503],{"class":117},[67,108551,144],{"class":81},[14,108553,30213],{},[58,108555,108557],{"className":60,"code":108556,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[17,108558,108559,108568],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,108560,108561,108563,108565],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,108562,29185],{"class":73},[67,108564,1161],{"class":81},[67,108566,108567],{"class":73}," dog\n",[67,108569,108570,108573,108575,108577,108579,108581,108583,108585,108587,108589,108591,108593],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,108571,108572],{"class":73},"Updated ",[67,108574,6479],{"class":362},[67,108576,1161],{"class":81},[67,108578,10678],{"class":81},[67,108580,333],{"class":239},[67,108582,37227],{"class":243},[67,108584,333],{"class":239},[67,108586,89],{"class":81},[67,108588,342],{"class":239},[67,108590,108485],{"class":243},[67,108592,333],{"class":239},[67,108594,9496],{"class":81},[14,108596,108597],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[53,108599,108601],{"id":108600},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108603,29837,108604,108606,108607,114],{},[17,108605,39],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[17,108608,19875],{},[14,108610,222],{},[58,108612,108614],{"className":60,"code":108613,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[17,108615,108616,108626],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,108617,108618,108620,108622,108624],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,108619,1131],{"class":73},[67,108621,78],{"class":77},[67,108623,15821],{"class":362},[67,108625,121],{"class":81},[67,108627,108628,108630,108632,108634],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,108629,1141],{"class":73},[67,108631,114],{"class":81},[67,108633,118],{"class":117},[67,108635,121],{"class":81},[14,108637,108638],{},"This raises:",[58,108640,108642],{"className":60,"code":108641,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[17,108643,108644],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,108645,108646,108648,108650,108652,108655],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,108647,19875],{"class":362},[67,108649,1161],{"class":81},[67,108651,342],{"class":239},[67,108653,108654],{"class":243},"pop from an empty set",[67,108656,29887],{"class":239},[14,108658,108659,108660,108663],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[45,108661,108662],{"href":11261},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1109,108665,108667,108668],{"id":108666},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[17,108669,39],{},[14,108671,108672],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[58,108674,108676],{"className":60,"code":108675,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[17,108677,108678,108688,108692,108700,108715,108734,108740],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,108679,108680,108682,108684,108686],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,108681,1131],{"class":73},[67,108683,78],{"class":77},[67,108685,15821],{"class":362},[67,108687,121],{"class":81},[67,108689,108690],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,108691,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,108693,108694,108696,108698],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,108695,1217],{"class":1167},[67,108697,1220],{"class":73},[67,108699,1223],{"class":81},[67,108701,108702,108705,108707,108709,108711,108713],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,108703,108704],{"class":73},"    removed ",[67,108706,78],{"class":77},[67,108708,1220],{"class":73},[67,108710,114],{"class":81},[67,108712,118],{"class":117},[67,108714,121],{"class":81},[67,108716,108717,108719,108721,108723,108725,108727,108729,108732],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,108718,1228],{"class":134},[67,108720,138],{"class":81},[67,108722,240],{"class":239},[67,108724,29143],{"class":243},[67,108726,240],{"class":239},[67,108728,89],{"class":81},[67,108730,108731],{"class":117}," removed",[67,108733,144],{"class":81},[67,108735,108736,108738],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,108737,1244],{"class":1167},[67,108739,1223],{"class":81},[67,108741,108742,108744,108746,108748,108751,108753],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,108743,1228],{"class":134},[67,108745,138],{"class":81},[67,108747,240],{"class":239},[67,108749,108750],{"class":243},"The set is empty.",[67,108752,240],{"class":239},[67,108754,144],{"class":81},[1109,108756,185,108758,961,108760],{"id":108757},"use-try-and-except",[17,108759,1190],{},[17,108761,1193],{},[14,108763,108764],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[58,108766,108768],{"className":60,"code":108767,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[17,108769,108770,108780,108784,108790,108804,108822,108830],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,108771,108772,108774,108776,108778],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,108773,1131],{"class":73},[67,108775,78],{"class":77},[67,108777,15821],{"class":362},[67,108779,121],{"class":81},[67,108781,108782],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,108783,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,108785,108786,108788],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,108787,1190],{"class":1167},[67,108789,1223],{"class":81},[67,108791,108792,108794,108796,108798,108800,108802],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,108793,108704],{"class":73},[67,108795,78],{"class":77},[67,108797,1220],{"class":73},[67,108799,114],{"class":81},[67,108801,118],{"class":117},[67,108803,121],{"class":81},[67,108805,108806,108808,108810,108812,108814,108816,108818,108820],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,108807,1228],{"class":134},[67,108809,138],{"class":81},[67,108811,240],{"class":239},[67,108813,29143],{"class":243},[67,108815,240],{"class":239},[67,108817,89],{"class":81},[67,108819,108731],{"class":117},[67,108821,144],{"class":81},[67,108823,108824,108826,108828],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,108825,1193],{"class":1167},[67,108827,30023],{"class":362},[67,108829,1223],{"class":81},[67,108831,108832,108834,108836,108838,108841,108843],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,108833,1228],{"class":134},[67,108835,138],{"class":81},[67,108837,240],{"class":239},[67,108839,108840],{"class":243},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[67,108842,240],{"class":239},[67,108844,144],{"class":81},[53,108846,5151,108848,10773,108850,10773,108852],{"id":108847},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[17,108849,39],{},[17,108851,50],{},[17,108853,102838],{},[14,108855,108856],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1109,108858,185,108860],{"id":108859},"use-pop",[17,108861,39],{},[14,108863,185,108864,1671],{},[17,108865,39],{},[25,108867,108868,108874,108877],{},[28,108869,108870,108871],{},"You want to remove ",[3934,108872,108873],{},"any one item",[28,108875,108876],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[28,108878,108879],{},"You want the removed item returned",[58,108881,108883],{"className":60,"code":108882,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[17,108884,108885,108905,108919],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,108886,108887,108889,108891,108893,108895,108897,108899,108901,108903],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,108888,74],{"class":73},[67,108890,78],{"class":77},[67,108892,10678],{"class":81},[67,108894,464],{"class":85},[67,108896,89],{"class":81},[67,108898,3182],{"class":85},[67,108900,89],{"class":81},[67,108902,2639],{"class":85},[67,108904,9496],{"class":81},[67,108906,108907,108909,108911,108913,108915,108917],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,108908,2634],{"class":73},[67,108910,78],{"class":77},[67,108912,111],{"class":73},[67,108914,114],{"class":81},[67,108916,118],{"class":117},[67,108918,121],{"class":81},[67,108920,108921,108923,108925,108927],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,108922,135],{"class":134},[67,108924,138],{"class":81},[67,108926,2661],{"class":117},[67,108928,144],{"class":81},[1109,108930,185,108932],{"id":108931},"use-remove",[17,108933,50],{},[14,108935,185,108936,1671],{},[17,108937,50],{},[25,108939,108940,108946],{},[28,108941,108942,108943],{},"You want to delete a ",[3934,108944,108945],{},"specific item",[28,108947,108948],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[58,108950,108952],{"className":60,"code":108951,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,108953,108954,108974,108988],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,108955,108956,108958,108960,108962,108964,108966,108968,108970,108972],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,108957,74],{"class":73},[67,108959,78],{"class":77},[67,108961,10678],{"class":81},[67,108963,464],{"class":85},[67,108965,89],{"class":81},[67,108967,3182],{"class":85},[67,108969,89],{"class":81},[67,108971,2639],{"class":85},[67,108973,9496],{"class":81},[67,108975,108976,108978,108980,108982,108984,108986],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,108977,154],{"class":73},[67,108979,114],{"class":81},[67,108981,1838],{"class":117},[67,108983,138],{"class":81},[67,108985,2245],{"class":85},[67,108987,144],{"class":81},[67,108989,108990,108992,108994,108996],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,108991,135],{"class":134},[67,108993,138],{"class":81},[67,108995,154],{"class":117},[67,108997,144],{"class":81},[14,108999,109000,109001,109003,109004,109008],{},"If the item is missing, ",[17,109002,50],{}," raises an error. See the ",[45,109005,109006,946],{"href":98193},[17,109007,102852],{}," for details.",[1109,109010,185,109012],{"id":109011},"use-discard",[17,109013,102838],{},[14,109015,185,109016,1671],{},[17,109017,102838],{},[25,109019,109020,109024],{},[28,109021,108942,109022],{},[3934,109023,108945],{},[28,109025,109026,109027,109029],{},"You do ",[3934,109028,4820],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[58,109031,109033],{"className":60,"code":109032,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,109034,109035,109055,109069],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,109036,109037,109039,109041,109043,109045,109047,109049,109051,109053],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,109038,74],{"class":73},[67,109040,78],{"class":77},[67,109042,10678],{"class":81},[67,109044,464],{"class":85},[67,109046,89],{"class":81},[67,109048,3182],{"class":85},[67,109050,89],{"class":81},[67,109052,2639],{"class":85},[67,109054,9496],{"class":81},[67,109056,109057,109059,109061,109063,109065,109067],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,109058,154],{"class":73},[67,109060,114],{"class":81},[67,109062,102905],{"class":117},[67,109064,138],{"class":81},[67,109066,1308],{"class":85},[67,109068,144],{"class":81},[67,109070,109071,109073,109075,109077],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,109072,135],{"class":134},[67,109074,138],{"class":81},[67,109076,154],{"class":117},[67,109078,144],{"class":81},[14,109080,109081,109082,109084,109085,109089],{},"This does nothing if ",[17,109083,1308],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[45,109086,109087,946],{"href":108441},[17,109088,102843],{}," for more examples.",[53,109091,1907],{"id":1906},[14,109093,1910,109094,1161],{},[17,109095,108085],{},[25,109097,109098,109104,109109,109114],{},[28,109099,109100,109101],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[17,109102,109103],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[28,109105,1930,109106,109108],{},[17,109107,39],{}," to remove the first or last item",[28,109110,29837,109111,109113],{},[17,109112,39],{}," on an empty set",[28,109115,8604,109116,109118],{},[17,109117,39],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,109120,62463],{},[58,109122,109124],{"className":60,"code":109123,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[17,109125,109126,109136,109150,109164],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,109127,109128,109130,109132,109134],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,109129,135],{"class":134},[67,109131,138],{"class":81},[67,109133,15854],{"class":117},[67,109135,144],{"class":81},[67,109137,109138,109140,109142,109144,109146,109148],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,109139,135],{"class":134},[67,109141,138],{"class":81},[67,109143,1964],{"class":134},[67,109145,138],{"class":81},[67,109147,15854],{"class":117},[67,109149,1426],{"class":81},[67,109151,109152,109154,109156,109158,109160,109162],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,109153,135],{"class":134},[67,109155,138],{"class":81},[67,109157,2011],{"class":362},[67,109159,138],{"class":81},[67,109161,15854],{"class":117},[67,109163,1426],{"class":81},[67,109165,109166,109168,109170,109172,109174,109176],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,109167,450],{"class":73},[67,109169,78],{"class":77},[67,109171,96908],{"class":73},[67,109173,114],{"class":81},[67,109175,118],{"class":117},[67,109177,121],{"class":81},[14,109179,26197],{},[25,109181,109182,109185,109188,109191],{},[28,109183,109184],{},"What values are in the set",[28,109186,109187],{},"Whether the set is empty",[28,109189,109190],{},"That the object is really a set",[28,109192,109193],{},"What value was actually removed",[53,109195,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,109197,12894,109199,109201],{"id":109198},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[17,109200,108085],{}," remove the first item?",[14,109203,109204,109205,109207],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[17,109206,39],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1109,109209,109211,109212,2681],{"id":109210},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[17,109213,108085],{},[14,109215,109216,109217,109219,109220,109222],{},"No. Unlike list ",[17,109218,39],{},", set ",[17,109221,39],{}," does not accept an index.",[1109,109224,109226],{"id":109225},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109228,2087,109229,44809,109231,109233],{},[17,109230,19875],{},[17,109232,39],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1109,109235,109237],{"id":109236},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109239,185,109240,3068,109242,11279,109244,114],{},[17,109241,50],{},[17,109243,102838],{},[17,109245,39],{},[53,109247,2094],{"id":2093},[25,109249,109250,109254,109260,109266,109270],{},[28,109251,109252],{},[45,109253,96312],{"href":97483},[28,109255,109256],{},[45,109257,96798,109258,946],{"href":98193},[17,109259,50],{},[28,109261,109262],{},[45,109263,96798,109264,946],{"href":108441},[17,109265,102838],{},[28,109267,109268],{},[45,109269,11449],{"href":11261},[28,109271,109272],{},[45,109273,2101],{"href":1902},[2122,109275,109276],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":109278},[109279,109280,109282,109283,109284,109285,109291,109300,109301,109309],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":108205,"depth":103,"text":109281},"What set.pop() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":108343,"depth":103,"text":108344},{"id":108446,"depth":103,"text":108447},{"id":108600,"depth":103,"text":108601,"children":109286},[109287,109289],{"id":108666,"depth":124,"text":109288},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108757,"depth":124,"text":109290},"Use try and except",{"id":108847,"depth":103,"text":109292,"children":109293},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109294,109296,109298],{"id":108859,"depth":124,"text":109295},"Use pop()",{"id":108931,"depth":124,"text":109297},"Use remove()",{"id":109011,"depth":124,"text":109299},"Use discard()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":109302},[109303,109305,109307,109308],{"id":109198,"depth":124,"text":109304},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109210,"depth":124,"text":109306},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109225,"depth":124,"text":109226},{"id":109236,"depth":124,"text":109237},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108073,"description":109310},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109317,"title":109318,"body":109319,"description":110473,"extension":2153,"meta":110474,"navigation":127,"path":110475,"seo":110476,"stem":110477,"__hash__":110478},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109320,"toc":110441},[109321,109326,109331,109340,109342,109407,109411,109435,109442,109447,109451,109466,109469,109471,109490,109504,109507,109555,109559,109575,109577,109650,109654,109679,109685,109693,109697,109704,109759,109764,109781,109787,109793,109798,109806,109813,109817,109825,109880,109882,109899,109903,109910,109975,109979,110012,110014,110026,110033,110035,110040,110047,110049,110118,110122,110130,110132,110196,110200,110205,110252,110257,110325,110333,110340,110343,110349,110354,110358,110360,110363,110365,110370,110375,110381,110386,110393,110401,110407,110410,110412,110438],[10,109322,96184,109324,11509],{"id":109323},"python-set-remove-method",[17,109325,50],{},[14,109327,109328,109330],{},[17,109329,102852],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109332,109333,109334,109337,109338,114],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[3934,109335,109336],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[17,109339,19875],{},[53,109341,56],{"id":55},[58,109343,109345],{"className":60,"code":109344,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[17,109346,109347,109379,109397],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,109348,109349,109351,109353,109355,109357,109359,109361,109363,109365,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,109350,232],{"class":73},[67,109352,78],{"class":77},[67,109354,10678],{"class":81},[67,109356,240],{"class":239},[67,109358,244],{"class":243},[67,109360,240],{"class":239},[67,109362,89],{"class":81},[67,109364,251],{"class":239},[67,109366,263],{"class":243},[67,109368,240],{"class":239},[67,109370,89],{"class":81},[67,109372,251],{"class":239},[67,109374,254],{"class":243},[67,109376,240],{"class":239},[67,109378,9496],{"class":81},[67,109380,109381,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391,109393,109395],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,109382,312],{"class":73},[67,109384,114],{"class":81},[67,109386,1838],{"class":117},[67,109388,138],{"class":81},[67,109390,240],{"class":239},[67,109392,263],{"class":243},[67,109394,240],{"class":239},[67,109396,144],{"class":81},[67,109398,109399,109401,109403,109405],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,109400,135],{"class":134},[67,109402,138],{"class":81},[67,109404,312],{"class":117},[67,109406,144],{"class":81},[14,109408,109409],{},[3934,109410,30213],{},[58,109412,109413],{"className":60,"code":103532,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,109414,109415],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,109416,109417,109419,109421,109423,109425,109427,109429,109431,109433],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,109418,9465],{"class":81},[67,109420,333],{"class":239},[67,109422,244],{"class":243},[67,109424,333],{"class":239},[67,109426,89],{"class":81},[67,109428,342],{"class":239},[67,109430,254],{"class":243},[67,109432,333],{"class":239},[67,109434,9496],{"class":81},[14,109436,185,109437,109439,109440,114],{},[17,109438,50],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[17,109441,19875],{},[53,109443,3867,109445,3870],{"id":109444},"what-setremove-does",[17,109446,102852],{},[14,109448,109449,1161],{},[17,109450,102852],{},[25,109452,109453,109456,109458,109460],{},[28,109454,109455],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[28,109457,96299],{},[28,109459,96302],{},[28,109461,109462,109463,109465],{},"Raises ",[17,109464,19875],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109467,109468],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[53,109470,352],{"id":351},[58,109472,109474],{"className":60,"code":109473,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[17,109475,109476],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,109477,109478,109480,109482,109484,109486,109488],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,109479,15854],{"class":73},[67,109481,114],{"class":81},[67,109483,1838],{"class":117},[67,109485,138],{"class":81},[67,109487,2661],{"class":117},[67,109489,144],{"class":81},[25,109491,109492,109496,109501],{},[28,109493,109494,103074],{},[17,109495,15854],{},[28,109497,109498,109500],{},[17,109499,2661],{}," is the item to remove",[28,109502,109503],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109505,109506],{},"Here is a small example:",[58,109508,109509],{"className":60,"code":108951,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,109510,109511,109531,109545],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,109512,109513,109515,109517,109519,109521,109523,109525,109527,109529],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,109514,74],{"class":73},[67,109516,78],{"class":77},[67,109518,10678],{"class":81},[67,109520,464],{"class":85},[67,109522,89],{"class":81},[67,109524,3182],{"class":85},[67,109526,89],{"class":81},[67,109528,2639],{"class":85},[67,109530,9496],{"class":81},[67,109532,109533,109535,109537,109539,109541,109543],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,109534,154],{"class":73},[67,109536,114],{"class":81},[67,109538,1838],{"class":117},[67,109540,138],{"class":81},[67,109542,2245],{"class":85},[67,109544,144],{"class":81},[67,109546,109547,109549,109551,109553],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,109548,135],{"class":134},[67,109550,138],{"class":81},[67,109552,154],{"class":117},[67,109554,144],{"class":81},[14,109556,109557],{},[3934,109558,30213],{},[58,109560,109561],{"className":60,"code":101282,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,109562,109563],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,109564,109565,109567,109569,109571,109573],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,109566,9465],{"class":81},[67,109568,464],{"class":85},[67,109570,89],{"class":81},[67,109572,2639],{"class":85},[67,109574,9496],{"class":81},[53,109576,11663],{"id":11662},[58,109578,109580],{"className":60,"code":109579,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[17,109581,109582,109614,109618,109636,109640],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,109583,109584,109586,109588,109590,109592,109594,109596,109598,109600,109602,109604,109606,109608,109610,109612],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,109585,680],{"class":73},[67,109587,78],{"class":77},[67,109589,10678],{"class":81},[67,109591,240],{"class":239},[67,109593,689],{"class":243},[67,109595,240],{"class":239},[67,109597,89],{"class":81},[67,109599,251],{"class":239},[67,109601,698],{"class":243},[67,109603,240],{"class":239},[67,109605,89],{"class":81},[67,109607,251],{"class":239},[67,109609,716],{"class":243},[67,109611,240],{"class":239},[67,109613,9496],{"class":81},[67,109615,109616],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,109617,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,109619,109620,109622,109624,109626,109628,109630,109632,109634],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,109621,766],{"class":73},[67,109623,114],{"class":81},[67,109625,1838],{"class":117},[67,109627,138],{"class":81},[67,109629,240],{"class":239},[67,109631,698],{"class":243},[67,109633,240],{"class":239},[67,109635,144],{"class":81},[67,109637,109638],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,109639,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,109641,109642,109644,109646,109648],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,109643,135],{"class":134},[67,109645,138],{"class":81},[67,109647,766],{"class":117},[67,109649,144],{"class":81},[14,109651,109652],{},[3934,109653,30213],{},[58,109655,109657],{"className":60,"code":109656,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[17,109658,109659],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,109660,109661,109663,109665,109667,109669,109671,109673,109675,109677],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,109662,9465],{"class":81},[67,109664,333],{"class":239},[67,109666,689],{"class":243},[67,109668,333],{"class":239},[67,109670,89],{"class":81},[67,109672,342],{"class":239},[67,109674,716],{"class":243},[67,109676,333],{"class":239},[67,109678,9496],{"class":81},[14,109680,109681,109682,109684],{},"This removes ",[17,109683,65442],{}," from the set.",[14,109686,109687,109688,109690,109691,114],{},"A set does ",[3934,109689,4820],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[45,109692,96316],{"href":97867},[53,109694,109696],{"id":109695},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109698,109699,109700,52672,109702,114],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[17,109701,50],{},[17,109703,19875],{},[58,109705,109707],{"className":60,"code":109706,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[17,109708,109709,109741],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,109710,109711,109713,109715,109717,109719,109721,109723,109725,109727,109729,109731,109733,109735,109737,109739],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,109712,232],{"class":73},[67,109714,78],{"class":77},[67,109716,10678],{"class":81},[67,109718,240],{"class":239},[67,109720,244],{"class":243},[67,109722,240],{"class":239},[67,109724,89],{"class":81},[67,109726,251],{"class":239},[67,109728,263],{"class":243},[67,109730,240],{"class":239},[67,109732,89],{"class":81},[67,109734,251],{"class":239},[67,109736,254],{"class":243},[67,109738,240],{"class":239},[67,109740,9496],{"class":81},[67,109742,109743,109745,109747,109749,109751,109753,109755,109757],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,109744,312],{"class":73},[67,109746,114],{"class":81},[67,109748,1838],{"class":117},[67,109750,138],{"class":81},[67,109752,240],{"class":239},[67,109754,22713],{"class":243},[67,109756,240],{"class":239},[67,109758,144],{"class":81},[14,109760,109761],{},[3934,109762,109763],{},"Result:",[58,109765,109767],{"className":60,"code":109766,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[17,109768,109769],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,109770,109771,109773,109775,109777,109779],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,109772,19875],{"class":362},[67,109774,1161],{"class":81},[67,109776,342],{"class":239},[67,109778,22713],{"class":243},[67,109780,29887],{"class":239},[14,109782,22378,109783,109786],{},[17,109784,109785],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109788,109789,109790,109792],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[17,109791,50],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109794,109795,109796,114],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[45,109797,11449],{"href":11261},[53,109799,4387,109801,109803,109804],{"id":109800},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[17,109802,50],{}," is different from ",[17,109805,102838],{},[14,109807,109808,961,109810,109812],{},[17,109809,50],{},[17,109811,102838],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1109,109814,109815],{"id":1838},[17,109816,50],{},[25,109818,109819,109822],{},[28,109820,109821],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[28,109823,109824],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[58,109826,109828],{"className":60,"code":109827,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[17,109829,109830,109862],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,109831,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840,109842,109844,109846,109848,109850,109852,109854,109856,109858,109860],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,109833,411],{"class":73},[67,109835,78],{"class":77},[67,109837,10678],{"class":81},[67,109839,240],{"class":239},[67,109841,45],{"class":243},[67,109843,240],{"class":239},[67,109845,89],{"class":81},[67,109847,251],{"class":239},[67,109849,428],{"class":243},[67,109851,240],{"class":239},[67,109853,89],{"class":81},[67,109855,251],{"class":239},[67,109857,437],{"class":243},[67,109859,240],{"class":239},[67,109861,9496],{"class":81},[67,109863,109864,109866,109868,109870,109872,109874,109876,109878],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,109865,490],{"class":73},[67,109867,114],{"class":81},[67,109869,1838],{"class":117},[67,109871,138],{"class":81},[67,109873,240],{"class":239},[67,109875,18955],{"class":243},[67,109877,240],{"class":239},[67,109879,144],{"class":81},[14,109881,108638],{},[58,109883,109885],{"className":60,"code":109884,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[17,109886,109887],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,109888,109889,109891,109893,109895,109897],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,109890,19875],{"class":362},[67,109892,1161],{"class":81},[67,109894,342],{"class":239},[67,109896,18955],{"class":243},[67,109898,29887],{"class":239},[1109,109900,109901],{"id":102905},[17,109902,102838],{},[25,109904,109905,109907],{},[28,109906,109821],{},[28,109908,109909],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[58,109911,109913],{"className":60,"code":109912,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,109914,109915,109947,109965],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,109916,109917,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,109918,411],{"class":73},[67,109920,78],{"class":77},[67,109922,10678],{"class":81},[67,109924,240],{"class":239},[67,109926,45],{"class":243},[67,109928,240],{"class":239},[67,109930,89],{"class":81},[67,109932,251],{"class":239},[67,109934,428],{"class":243},[67,109936,240],{"class":239},[67,109938,89],{"class":81},[67,109940,251],{"class":239},[67,109942,437],{"class":243},[67,109944,240],{"class":239},[67,109946,9496],{"class":81},[67,109948,109949,109951,109953,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,109950,490],{"class":73},[67,109952,114],{"class":81},[67,109954,102905],{"class":117},[67,109956,138],{"class":81},[67,109958,240],{"class":239},[67,109960,18955],{"class":243},[67,109962,240],{"class":239},[67,109964,144],{"class":81},[67,109966,109967,109969,109971,109973],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,109968,135],{"class":134},[67,109970,138],{"class":81},[67,109972,490],{"class":117},[67,109974,144],{"class":81},[14,109976,109977],{},[3934,109978,159],{},[58,109980,109982],{"className":60,"code":109981,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[17,109983,109984],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,109985,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994,109996,109998,110000,110002,110004,110006,110008,110010],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,109987,9465],{"class":81},[67,109989,333],{"class":239},[67,109991,45],{"class":243},[67,109993,333],{"class":239},[67,109995,89],{"class":81},[67,109997,342],{"class":239},[67,109999,428],{"class":243},[67,110001,333],{"class":239},[67,110003,89],{"class":81},[67,110005,342],{"class":239},[67,110007,437],{"class":243},[67,110009,333],{"class":239},[67,110011,9496],{"class":81},[14,110013,18882],{},[25,110015,110016,110021],{},[28,110017,110018,110020],{},[17,110019,50],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[28,110022,110023,110025],{},[17,110024,102838],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,110027,110028,110029,114],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[45,110030,96798,110031,946],{"href":108441},[17,110032,102838],{},[53,110034,4707],{"id":4706},[1109,110036,1930,110038,97178],{"id":110037},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[17,110039,50],{},[14,110041,110042,110044,110045,114],{},[17,110043,50],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[17,110046,1103],{},[14,110048,16831],{},[58,110050,110052],{"className":60,"code":110051,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[17,110053,110054,110086,110108],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,110055,110056,110058,110060,110062,110064,110066,110068,110070,110072,110074,110076,110078,110080,110082,110084],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,110057,232],{"class":73},[67,110059,78],{"class":77},[67,110061,10678],{"class":81},[67,110063,240],{"class":239},[67,110065,244],{"class":243},[67,110067,240],{"class":239},[67,110069,89],{"class":81},[67,110071,251],{"class":239},[67,110073,263],{"class":243},[67,110075,240],{"class":239},[67,110077,89],{"class":81},[67,110079,251],{"class":239},[67,110081,254],{"class":243},[67,110083,240],{"class":239},[67,110085,9496],{"class":81},[67,110087,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102,110104,110106],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,110089,13305],{"class":73},[67,110091,78],{"class":77},[67,110093,281],{"class":73},[67,110095,114],{"class":81},[67,110097,1838],{"class":117},[67,110099,138],{"class":81},[67,110101,240],{"class":239},[67,110103,263],{"class":243},[67,110105,240],{"class":239},[67,110107,144],{"class":81},[67,110109,110110,110112,110114,110116],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,110111,135],{"class":134},[67,110113,138],{"class":81},[67,110115,13328],{"class":117},[67,110117,144],{"class":81},[14,110119,110120],{},[3934,110121,159],{},[58,110123,110124],{"className":60,"code":11997,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,110125,110126],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,110127,110128],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,110129,11997],{"class":4043},[14,110131,16843],{},[58,110133,110134],{"className":60,"code":109344,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,110135,110136,110168,110186],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,110137,110138,110140,110142,110144,110146,110148,110150,110152,110154,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,110139,232],{"class":73},[67,110141,78],{"class":77},[67,110143,10678],{"class":81},[67,110145,240],{"class":239},[67,110147,244],{"class":243},[67,110149,240],{"class":239},[67,110151,89],{"class":81},[67,110153,251],{"class":239},[67,110155,263],{"class":243},[67,110157,240],{"class":239},[67,110159,89],{"class":81},[67,110161,251],{"class":239},[67,110163,254],{"class":243},[67,110165,240],{"class":239},[67,110167,9496],{"class":81},[67,110169,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,110171,312],{"class":73},[67,110173,114],{"class":81},[67,110175,1838],{"class":117},[67,110177,138],{"class":81},[67,110179,240],{"class":239},[67,110181,263],{"class":243},[67,110183,240],{"class":239},[67,110185,144],{"class":81},[67,110187,110188,110190,110192,110194],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,110189,135],{"class":134},[67,110191,138],{"class":81},[67,110193,312],{"class":117},[67,110195,144],{"class":81},[1109,110197,110199],{"id":110198},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,110201,110202,110203,114],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[17,110204,19875],{},[58,110206,110208],{"className":60,"code":110207,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[17,110209,110210,110234],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,110211,110212,110214,110216,110218,110220,110222,110224,110226,110228,110230,110232],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,110213,232],{"class":73},[67,110215,78],{"class":77},[67,110217,10678],{"class":81},[67,110219,240],{"class":239},[67,110221,244],{"class":243},[67,110223,240],{"class":239},[67,110225,89],{"class":81},[67,110227,251],{"class":239},[67,110229,263],{"class":243},[67,110231,240],{"class":239},[67,110233,9496],{"class":81},[67,110235,110236,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,110237,312],{"class":73},[67,110239,114],{"class":81},[67,110241,1838],{"class":117},[67,110243,138],{"class":81},[67,110245,240],{"class":239},[67,110247,254],{"class":243},[67,110249,240],{"class":239},[67,110251,144],{"class":81},[14,110253,110254,110255,1161],{},"To check first, you can use ",[17,110256,4074],{},[58,110258,110260],{"className":60,"code":110259,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[17,110261,110262,110286,110290,110306],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,110263,110264,110266,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276,110278,110280,110282,110284],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,110265,232],{"class":73},[67,110267,78],{"class":77},[67,110269,10678],{"class":81},[67,110271,240],{"class":239},[67,110273,244],{"class":243},[67,110275,240],{"class":239},[67,110277,89],{"class":81},[67,110279,251],{"class":239},[67,110281,263],{"class":243},[67,110283,240],{"class":239},[67,110285,9496],{"class":81},[67,110287,110288],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,110289,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,110291,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,110293,1217],{"class":1167},[67,110295,251],{"class":239},[67,110297,254],{"class":243},[67,110299,240],{"class":239},[67,110301,21362],{"class":77},[67,110303,281],{"class":73},[67,110305,1223],{"class":81},[67,110307,110308,110311,110313,110315,110317,110319,110321,110323],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,110309,110310],{"class":73},"    colors",[67,110312,114],{"class":81},[67,110314,1838],{"class":117},[67,110316,138],{"class":81},[67,110318,240],{"class":239},[67,110320,254],{"class":243},[67,110322,240],{"class":239},[67,110324,144],{"class":81},[14,110326,110327,110328,110332],{},"Or use ",[45,110329,110330],{"href":108441},[17,110331,102838],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1109,110334,1923,110336,43,110338],{"id":110335},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[17,110337,102852],{},[17,110339,55247],{},[14,110341,110342],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110344,110345,110346,110348],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[17,110347,102852],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110350,110351,110352,114],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[45,110353,99062],{"href":99061},[1109,110355,110357],{"id":110356},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110359,108347],{},[14,110361,110362],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[53,110364,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,110366,12894,110368,97277],{"id":110367},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[17,110369,102852],{},[14,110371,110372,110373,114],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[17,110374,1103],{},[1109,110376,30471,110378,110380],{"id":110377},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[17,110379,102852],{}," raise?",[14,110382,30477,110383,110385],{},[17,110384,19875],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1109,110387,21609,110389,3068,110391,2681],{"id":110388},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[17,110390,50],{},[17,110392,102838],{},[14,110394,185,110395,110397,110398,110400],{},[17,110396,50],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[17,110399,102838],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1109,110402,5359,110404,110406],{"id":110403},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[17,110405,102852],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110408,110409],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[53,110411,2094],{"id":2093},[25,110413,110414,110420,110426,110430,110434],{},[28,110415,110416],{},[45,110417,96798,110418,946],{"href":108441},[17,110419,102838],{},[28,110421,110422],{},[45,110423,96798,110424,946],{"href":98198},[17,110425,39],{},[28,110427,110428],{},[45,110429,97322],{"href":97867},[28,110431,110432],{},[45,110433,100328],{"href":99061},[28,110435,110436],{},[45,110437,11449],{"href":11261},[2122,110439,110440],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":110442},[110443,110444,110446,110447,110448,110449,110454,110462,110472],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":109444,"depth":103,"text":110445},"What set.remove() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":109695,"depth":103,"text":109696},{"id":109800,"depth":103,"text":110450,"children":110451},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110452,110453],{"id":1838,"depth":124,"text":50},{"id":102905,"depth":124,"text":102838},{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":110455},[110456,110458,110459,110461],{"id":110037,"depth":124,"text":110457},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110198,"depth":124,"text":110199},{"id":110335,"depth":124,"text":110460},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110356,"depth":124,"text":110357},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":110463},[110464,110466,110468,110470],{"id":110367,"depth":124,"text":110465},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110377,"depth":124,"text":110467},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110388,"depth":124,"text":110469},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110403,"depth":124,"text":110471},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109318,"description":110473},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110480,"title":110481,"body":110482,"description":111855,"extension":2153,"meta":111856,"navigation":127,"path":111857,"seo":111858,"stem":111859,"__hash__":111860},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110483,"toc":111830},[110484,110490,110496,110499,110502,110516,110518,110599,110602,110607,110611,110625,110632,110634,110653,110656,110674,110676,110756,110758,110783,110787,110790,110798,110803,110808,110810,110823,110828,110831,110855,110858,110866,110868,110871,110968,110970,111003,111005,111031,111038,111041,111045,111053,111057,111065,111067,111157,111159,111173,111180,111185,111190,111192,111283,111285,111297,111299,111313,111319,111327,111329,111411,111413,111458,111461,111469,111472,111474,111478,111521,111523,111543,111548,111550,111635,111637,111642,111644,111651,111659,111665,111668,111670,111756,111758,111782,111786,111789,111791,111818,111828],[10,110485,96184,110487,11509],{"id":110486},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[17,110488,110489],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110491,110492,110495],{},[17,110493,110494],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110497,110498],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110500,110501],{},"Use it when:",[25,110503,110504,110507,110513],{},[28,110505,110506],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[28,110508,110509,110510,110512],{},"you do ",[3934,110511,4820],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[28,110514,110515],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[53,110517,3798],{"id":3797},[58,110519,110521],{"className":60,"code":110520,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[17,110522,110523,110543,110563,110567,110586],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,110524,110525,110527,110529,110531,110533,110535,110537,110539,110541],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,110526,2744],{"class":73},[67,110528,78],{"class":77},[67,110530,10678],{"class":81},[67,110532,464],{"class":85},[67,110534,89],{"class":81},[67,110536,3182],{"class":85},[67,110538,89],{"class":81},[67,110540,2639],{"class":85},[67,110542,9496],{"class":81},[67,110544,110545,110547,110549,110551,110553,110555,110557,110559,110561],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,110546,2772],{"class":73},[67,110548,78],{"class":77},[67,110550,10678],{"class":81},[67,110552,2251],{"class":85},[67,110554,89],{"class":81},[67,110556,2645],{"class":85},[67,110558,89],{"class":81},[67,110560,4794],{"class":85},[67,110562,9496],{"class":81},[67,110564,110565],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,110566,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,110568,110569,110571,110573,110575,110577,110580,110582,110584],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,110570,2416],{"class":73},[67,110572,78],{"class":77},[67,110574,57056],{"class":73},[67,110576,114],{"class":81},[67,110578,110579],{"class":117},"symmetric_difference",[67,110581,138],{"class":81},[67,110583,428],{"class":117},[67,110585,144],{"class":81},[67,110587,110588,110590,110592,110594,110596],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,110589,135],{"class":134},[67,110591,138],{"class":81},[67,110593,2451],{"class":117},[67,110595,3849],{"class":81},[67,110597,110598],{"class":3852},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110600,110601],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[53,110603,3867,110605,3870],{"id":110604},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[17,110606,110489],{},[14,110608,110609,1161],{},[17,110610,110494],{},[25,110612,110613,110616,110619,110622],{},[28,110614,110615],{},"returns a new set",[28,110617,110618],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[28,110620,110621],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[28,110623,110624],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110626,96308,110627,3068,110629,114],{},[45,110628,96312],{"href":96311},[45,110630,110631],{"href":96315},"creating a set in Python",[53,110633,352],{"id":351},[58,110635,110637],{"className":60,"code":110636,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[17,110638,110639],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,110640,110641,110643,110645,110647,110649,110651],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,110642,100569],{"class":73},[67,110644,114],{"class":81},[67,110646,110579],{"class":117},[67,110648,138],{"class":81},[67,110650,100578],{"class":117},[67,110652,144],{"class":81},[14,110654,110655],{},"Notes:",[25,110657,110658,110663,110668,110671],{},[28,110659,110660,110662],{},[17,110661,100569],{}," must be a set",[28,110664,110665,110667],{},[17,110666,100578],{}," can be any iterable",[28,110669,110670],{},"the result is always a set",[28,110672,110673],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110675,222],{},[58,110677,110679],{"className":60,"code":110678,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[17,110680,110681,110702,110723,110727,110746],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,110682,110683,110686,110688,110690,110692,110694,110696,110698,110700],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,110684,110685],{"class":73},"set1 ",[67,110687,78],{"class":77},[67,110689,10678],{"class":81},[67,110691,464],{"class":85},[67,110693,89],{"class":81},[67,110695,3182],{"class":85},[67,110697,89],{"class":81},[67,110699,2639],{"class":85},[67,110701,9496],{"class":81},[67,110703,110704,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715,110717,110719,110721],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,110705,110706],{"class":73},"set2 ",[67,110708,78],{"class":77},[67,110710,10678],{"class":81},[67,110712,2251],{"class":85},[67,110714,89],{"class":81},[67,110716,2645],{"class":85},[67,110718,89],{"class":81},[67,110720,4794],{"class":85},[67,110722,9496],{"class":81},[67,110724,110725],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,110726,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,110728,110729,110731,110733,110736,110738,110740,110742,110744],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,110730,2416],{"class":73},[67,110732,78],{"class":77},[67,110734,110735],{"class":73}," set1",[67,110737,114],{"class":81},[67,110739,110579],{"class":117},[67,110741,138],{"class":81},[67,110743,100578],{"class":117},[67,110745,144],{"class":81},[67,110747,110748,110750,110752,110754],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,110749,135],{"class":134},[67,110751,138],{"class":81},[67,110753,2451],{"class":117},[67,110755,144],{"class":81},[14,110757,159],{},[58,110759,110761],{"className":60,"code":110760,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[17,110762,110763],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,110764,110765,110767,110769,110771,110773,110775,110777,110779,110781],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,110766,9465],{"class":81},[67,110768,464],{"class":85},[67,110770,89],{"class":81},[67,110772,3182],{"class":85},[67,110774,89],{"class":81},[67,110776,2645],{"class":85},[67,110778,89],{"class":81},[67,110780,4794],{"class":85},[67,110782,9496],{"class":81},[53,110784,110786],{"id":110785},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110788,110789],{},"The result includes:",[25,110791,110792,110795],{},[28,110793,110794],{},"items only in the first set",[28,110796,110797],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110799,110800,110801,11270],{},"The result does ",[3934,110802,4820],{},[25,110804,110805],{},[28,110806,110807],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110809,5663],{},[25,110811,110812,110817],{},[28,110813,110814,110815],{},"first set: ",[17,110816,100266],{},[28,110818,110819,110820],{},"second set: ",[17,110821,110822],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110824,4240,110825,110827],{},[17,110826,2251],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110829,110830],{},"The output is:",[58,110832,110833],{"className":60,"code":110760,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,110834,110835],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,110836,110837,110839,110841,110843,110845,110847,110849,110851,110853],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,110838,9465],{"class":81},[67,110840,464],{"class":85},[67,110842,89],{"class":81},[67,110844,3182],{"class":85},[67,110846,89],{"class":81},[67,110848,2645],{"class":85},[67,110850,89],{"class":81},[67,110852,4794],{"class":85},[67,110854,9496],{"class":81},[14,110856,110857],{},"Also remember:",[25,110859,110860,110863],{},[28,110861,110862],{},"sets are unordered",[28,110864,110865],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[53,110867,11663],{"id":11662},[14,110869,110870],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[58,110872,110874],{"className":60,"code":110873,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,110875,110876,110908,110932,110936,110954,110958],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,110877,110878,110880,110882,110884,110886,110888,110890,110892,110894,110896,110898,110900,110902,110904,110906],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,110879,107009],{"class":73},[67,110881,78],{"class":77},[67,110883,10678],{"class":81},[67,110885,240],{"class":239},[67,110887,244],{"class":243},[67,110889,240],{"class":239},[67,110891,89],{"class":81},[67,110893,251],{"class":239},[67,110895,263],{"class":243},[67,110897,240],{"class":239},[67,110899,89],{"class":81},[67,110901,251],{"class":239},[67,110903,254],{"class":243},[67,110905,240],{"class":239},[67,110907,9496],{"class":81},[67,110909,110910,110912,110914,110916,110918,110920,110922,110924,110926,110928,110930],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,110911,107042],{"class":73},[67,110913,78],{"class":77},[67,110915,10678],{"class":81},[67,110917,240],{"class":239},[67,110919,254],{"class":243},[67,110921,240],{"class":239},[67,110923,89],{"class":81},[67,110925,251],{"class":239},[67,110927,22713],{"class":243},[67,110929,240],{"class":239},[67,110931,9496],{"class":81},[67,110933,110934],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,110935,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,110937,110938,110940,110942,110944,110946,110948,110950,110952],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,110939,2416],{"class":73},[67,110941,78],{"class":77},[67,110943,107084],{"class":73},[67,110945,114],{"class":81},[67,110947,110579],{"class":117},[67,110949,138],{"class":81},[67,110951,107093],{"class":117},[67,110953,144],{"class":81},[67,110955,110956],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,110957,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,110959,110960,110962,110964,110966],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,110961,135],{"class":134},[67,110963,138],{"class":81},[67,110965,2451],{"class":117},[67,110967,144],{"class":81},[14,110969,159],{},[58,110971,110973],{"className":60,"code":110972,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[17,110974,110975],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,110976,110977,110979,110981,110983,110985,110987,110989,110991,110993,110995,110997,110999,111001],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,110978,9465],{"class":81},[67,110980,333],{"class":239},[67,110982,244],{"class":243},[67,110984,333],{"class":239},[67,110986,89],{"class":81},[67,110988,342],{"class":239},[67,110990,263],{"class":243},[67,110992,333],{"class":239},[67,110994,89],{"class":81},[67,110996,342],{"class":239},[67,110998,22713],{"class":243},[67,111000,333],{"class":239},[67,111002,9496],{"class":81},[14,111004,13595],{},[25,111006,111007,111012,111023],{},[28,111008,111009,111011],{},[17,111010,96477],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[28,111013,111014,961,111016,111019,111020,111022],{},[17,111015,65560],{},[17,111017,111018],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[17,111021,107146],{},", so they stay",[28,111024,111025,111027,111028,111030],{},[17,111026,109785],{}," is only in ",[17,111029,107093],{},", so it stays",[53,111032,111034,10773,111036],{"id":111033},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[17,111035,110489],{},[17,111037,100398],{},[14,111039,111040],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,111042,111043,1161],{},[17,111044,100398],{},[25,111046,111047,111050],{},[28,111048,111049],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[28,111051,111052],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,111054,111055,1161],{},[17,111056,110489],{},[25,111058,111059,111062],{},[28,111060,111061],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[28,111063,111064],{},"removes shared items",[14,111066,222],{},[58,111068,111070],{"className":60,"code":111069,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[17,111071,111072,111092,111112,111116,111137],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,111073,111074,111076,111078,111080,111082,111084,111086,111088,111090],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,111075,2744],{"class":73},[67,111077,78],{"class":77},[67,111079,10678],{"class":81},[67,111081,464],{"class":85},[67,111083,89],{"class":81},[67,111085,3182],{"class":85},[67,111087,89],{"class":81},[67,111089,2639],{"class":85},[67,111091,9496],{"class":81},[67,111093,111094,111096,111098,111100,111102,111104,111106,111108,111110],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,111095,2772],{"class":73},[67,111097,78],{"class":77},[67,111099,10678],{"class":81},[67,111101,2251],{"class":85},[67,111103,89],{"class":81},[67,111105,2645],{"class":85},[67,111107,89],{"class":81},[67,111109,4794],{"class":85},[67,111111,9496],{"class":81},[67,111113,111114],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,111115,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,111117,111118,111120,111122,111124,111126,111128,111130,111132,111134],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,111119,135],{"class":134},[67,111121,138],{"class":81},[67,111123,45],{"class":117},[67,111125,114],{"class":81},[67,111127,3002],{"class":117},[67,111129,138],{"class":81},[67,111131,428],{"class":117},[67,111133,5552],{"class":81},[67,111135,111136],{"class":3852},"            # {1, 2}\n",[67,111138,111139,111141,111143,111145,111147,111149,111151,111153,111155],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,111140,135],{"class":134},[67,111142,138],{"class":81},[67,111144,45],{"class":117},[67,111146,114],{"class":81},[67,111148,110579],{"class":117},[67,111150,138],{"class":81},[67,111152,428],{"class":117},[67,111154,5552],{"class":81},[67,111156,110598],{"class":3852},[14,111158,18882],{},[25,111160,111161,111168],{},[28,111162,111163,111167],{},[45,111164,111165],{"href":102824},[17,111166,100398],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[28,111169,111170,111172],{},[17,111171,110489],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[53,111174,111176,10773,111178],{"id":111175},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[17,111177,110489],{},[17,111179,102783],{},[14,111181,111182,111184],{},[17,111183,102783],{}," combines both sets.",[14,111186,111187,111189],{},[17,111188,110489],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,111191,222],{},[58,111193,111195],{"className":60,"code":111194,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[17,111196,111197,111217,111237,111241,111263],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,111198,111199,111201,111203,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,111200,2744],{"class":73},[67,111202,78],{"class":77},[67,111204,10678],{"class":81},[67,111206,464],{"class":85},[67,111208,89],{"class":81},[67,111210,3182],{"class":85},[67,111212,89],{"class":81},[67,111214,2639],{"class":85},[67,111216,9496],{"class":81},[67,111218,111219,111221,111223,111225,111227,111229,111231,111233,111235],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,111220,2772],{"class":73},[67,111222,78],{"class":77},[67,111224,10678],{"class":81},[67,111226,2251],{"class":85},[67,111228,89],{"class":81},[67,111230,2645],{"class":85},[67,111232,89],{"class":81},[67,111234,4794],{"class":85},[67,111236,9496],{"class":81},[67,111238,111239],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,111240,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,111242,111243,111245,111247,111249,111251,111254,111256,111258,111260],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,111244,135],{"class":134},[67,111246,138],{"class":81},[67,111248,45],{"class":117},[67,111250,114],{"class":81},[67,111252,111253],{"class":117},"union",[67,111255,138],{"class":81},[67,111257,428],{"class":117},[67,111259,5552],{"class":81},[67,111261,111262],{"class":3852},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[67,111264,111265,111267,111269,111271,111273,111275,111277,111279,111281],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,111266,135],{"class":134},[67,111268,138],{"class":81},[67,111270,45],{"class":117},[67,111272,114],{"class":81},[67,111274,110579],{"class":117},[67,111276,138],{"class":81},[67,111278,428],{"class":117},[67,111280,5552],{"class":81},[67,111282,110598],{"class":3852},[14,111284,27409],{},[25,111286,111287,111292],{},[28,111288,111289,111291],{},[17,111290,102783],{}," includes everything",[28,111293,111294,111296],{},[17,111295,110489],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111298,18882],{},[25,111300,111301,111308],{},[28,111302,111303,111307],{},[45,111304,111305],{"href":107714},[17,111306,102783],{}," when overlap does not matter",[28,111309,111310,111312],{},[17,111311,110489],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[53,111314,36792,111316,101582],{"id":111315},"using-the-operator",[17,111317,111318],{},"^",[14,111320,111321,111322,111324,111325,114],{},"For sets, the ",[17,111323,111318],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[17,111326,110489],{},[14,111328,222],{},[58,111330,111332],{"className":60,"code":111331,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[17,111333,111334,111354,111374,111378,111396],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,111335,111336,111338,111340,111342,111344,111346,111348,111350,111352],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,111337,110685],{"class":73},[67,111339,78],{"class":77},[67,111341,10678],{"class":81},[67,111343,464],{"class":85},[67,111345,89],{"class":81},[67,111347,3182],{"class":85},[67,111349,89],{"class":81},[67,111351,2639],{"class":85},[67,111353,9496],{"class":81},[67,111355,111356,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,111357,110706],{"class":73},[67,111359,78],{"class":77},[67,111361,10678],{"class":81},[67,111363,2251],{"class":85},[67,111365,89],{"class":81},[67,111367,2645],{"class":85},[67,111369,89],{"class":81},[67,111371,4794],{"class":85},[67,111373,9496],{"class":81},[67,111375,111376],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,111377,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,111379,111380,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390,111392,111394],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,111381,135],{"class":134},[67,111383,138],{"class":81},[67,111385,100569],{"class":117},[67,111387,114],{"class":81},[67,111389,110579],{"class":117},[67,111391,138],{"class":81},[67,111393,100578],{"class":117},[67,111395,1426],{"class":81},[67,111397,111398,111400,111402,111404,111406,111409],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,111399,135],{"class":134},[67,111401,138],{"class":81},[67,111403,110685],{"class":117},[67,111405,111318],{"class":77},[67,111407,111408],{"class":117}," set2",[67,111410,144],{"class":81},[14,111412,30213],{},[58,111414,111416],{"className":60,"code":111415,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[17,111417,111418,111438],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,111419,111420,111422,111424,111426,111428,111430,111432,111434,111436],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,111421,9465],{"class":81},[67,111423,464],{"class":85},[67,111425,89],{"class":81},[67,111427,3182],{"class":85},[67,111429,89],{"class":81},[67,111431,2645],{"class":85},[67,111433,89],{"class":81},[67,111435,4794],{"class":85},[67,111437,9496],{"class":81},[67,111439,111440,111442,111444,111446,111448,111450,111452,111454,111456],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,111441,9465],{"class":81},[67,111443,464],{"class":85},[67,111445,89],{"class":81},[67,111447,3182],{"class":85},[67,111449,89],{"class":81},[67,111451,2645],{"class":85},[67,111453,89],{"class":81},[67,111455,4794],{"class":85},[67,111457,9496],{"class":81},[14,111459,111460],{},"Both forms:",[25,111462,111463,111466],{},[28,111464,111465],{},"return a new set",[28,111467,111468],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111470,111471],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[53,111473,4707],{"id":4706},[14,111475,21400,111476,1161],{},[17,111477,110489],{},[25,111479,111480,111488,111498,111513],{},[28,111481,111482,111485,111487],{},[3934,111483,111484],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10033,111486],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[28,111489,111490,111493,111495,111497],{},[3934,111491,111492],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10033,111494],{},[17,111496,110489],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[28,111499,111500,111505,111507,111509,111510,111512],{},[3934,111501,111502,111503],{},"Confusing it with ",[17,111504,100398],{},[10033,111506],{},[17,111508,100398],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[17,111511,110489],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[28,111514,111515,111518,111520],{},[3934,111516,111517],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10033,111519],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111522,59031],{},[25,111524,111525,111534,111537,111540],{},[28,111526,50669,111527,44809,111529,111533],{},[17,111528,110489],{},[45,111530,111531],{"href":107714},[17,111532,102783],{}," is actually needed",[28,111535,111536],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[28,111538,111539],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[28,111541,111542],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111544,111545,111546,114],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[45,111547,99062],{"href":105327},[14,111549,62463],{},[58,111551,111553],{"className":60,"code":111552,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[17,111554,111555,111565,111575,111593,111607,111621],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,111556,111557,111559,111561,111563],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,111558,135],{"class":134},[67,111560,138],{"class":81},[67,111562,100569],{"class":117},[67,111564,144],{"class":81},[67,111566,111567,111569,111571,111573],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,111568,135],{"class":134},[67,111570,138],{"class":81},[67,111572,100578],{"class":117},[67,111574,144],{"class":81},[67,111576,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585,111587,111589,111591],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,111578,135],{"class":134},[67,111580,138],{"class":81},[67,111582,100569],{"class":117},[67,111584,114],{"class":81},[67,111586,110579],{"class":117},[67,111588,138],{"class":81},[67,111590,100578],{"class":117},[67,111592,1426],{"class":81},[67,111594,111595,111597,111599,111601,111603,111605],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,111596,135],{"class":134},[67,111598,138],{"class":81},[67,111600,110685],{"class":117},[67,111602,111318],{"class":77},[67,111604,111408],{"class":117},[67,111606,144],{"class":81},[67,111608,111609,111611,111613,111615,111617,111619],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,111610,135],{"class":134},[67,111612,138],{"class":81},[67,111614,2011],{"class":362},[67,111616,138],{"class":81},[67,111618,100569],{"class":117},[67,111620,1426],{"class":81},[67,111622,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,111624,135],{"class":134},[67,111626,138],{"class":81},[67,111628,2011],{"class":362},[67,111630,138],{"class":81},[67,111632,100578],{"class":117},[67,111634,1426],{"class":81},[53,111636,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,111638,12894,111640,102723],{"id":111639},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[17,111641,110489],{},[14,111643,102726],{},[1109,111645,5369,111647,961,111649,2681],{"id":111646},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[17,111648,110489],{},[17,111650,100398],{},[14,111652,111653,111655,111656,111658],{},[17,111654,100398],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[17,111657,110489],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1109,111660,28516,111662,111664],{"id":111661},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[17,111663,110489],{}," with lists?",[14,111666,111667],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111669,222],{},[58,111671,111673],{"className":60,"code":111672,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[17,111674,111675,111695,111715,111719,111746],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,111676,111677,111679,111681,111683,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,111678,80639],{"class":73},[67,111680,78],{"class":77},[67,111682,82],{"class":81},[67,111684,464],{"class":85},[67,111686,89],{"class":81},[67,111688,3182],{"class":85},[67,111690,89],{"class":81},[67,111692,2639],{"class":85},[67,111694,100],{"class":81},[67,111696,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711,111713],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,111698,80660],{"class":73},[67,111700,78],{"class":77},[67,111702,82],{"class":81},[67,111704,2251],{"class":85},[67,111706,89],{"class":81},[67,111708,2645],{"class":85},[67,111710,89],{"class":81},[67,111712,4794],{"class":85},[67,111714,100],{"class":81},[67,111716,111717],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,111718,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,111720,111721,111723,111725,111727,111729,111732,111734,111736,111738,111740,111742,111744],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,111722,2416],{"class":73},[67,111724,78],{"class":77},[67,111726,15821],{"class":362},[67,111728,138],{"class":81},[67,111730,111731],{"class":117},"list1",[67,111733,8818],{"class":81},[67,111735,110579],{"class":117},[67,111737,138],{"class":81},[67,111739,6479],{"class":362},[67,111741,138],{"class":81},[67,111743,80926],{"class":117},[67,111745,1426],{"class":81},[67,111747,111748,111750,111752,111754],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,111749,135],{"class":134},[67,111751,138],{"class":81},[67,111753,2451],{"class":117},[67,111755,144],{"class":81},[14,111757,159],{},[58,111759,111760],{"className":60,"code":110760,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,111761,111762],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,111763,111764,111766,111768,111770,111772,111774,111776,111778,111780],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,111765,9465],{"class":81},[67,111767,464],{"class":85},[67,111769,89],{"class":81},[67,111771,3182],{"class":85},[67,111773,89],{"class":81},[67,111775,2645],{"class":85},[67,111777,89],{"class":81},[67,111779,4794],{"class":85},[67,111781,9496],{"class":81},[1109,111783,111785],{"id":111784},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111787,111788],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[53,111790,2094],{"id":2093},[25,111792,111793,111797,111802,111808,111814],{},[28,111794,111795],{},[45,111796,96312],{"href":96311},[28,111798,111799],{},[45,111800,111801],{"href":96315},"Creating a set in Python",[28,111803,111804],{},[45,111805,96798,111806,946],{"href":102824},[17,111807,100398],{},[28,111809,111810],{},[45,111811,96798,111812,946],{"href":107714},[17,111813,102783],{},[28,111815,111816],{},[45,111817,100328],{"href":105327},[14,111819,111820,111821,1550,111823,17260,111825,111827],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[17,111822,100398],{},[17,111824,102783],{},[17,111826,110489],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2122,111829,57410],{},{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":111831},[111832,111833,111835,111836,111837,111838,111840,111842,111844,111845,111854],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":110604,"depth":103,"text":111834},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":110785,"depth":103,"text":110786},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":111033,"depth":103,"text":111839},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111175,"depth":103,"text":111841},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111315,"depth":103,"text":111843},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":111846},[111847,111849,111851,111853],{"id":111639,"depth":124,"text":111848},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111646,"depth":124,"text":111850},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111661,"depth":124,"text":111852},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111784,"depth":124,"text":111785},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110481,"description":111855},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111862,"title":111863,"body":111864,"description":113927,"extension":2153,"meta":113928,"navigation":127,"path":107714,"seo":113929,"stem":113930,"__hash__":113931},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111865,"toc":113886},[111866,111871,111876,111879,111892,111894,111976,111981,111986,111990,112002,112005,112009,112011,112038,112040,112051,112054,112123,112125,112131,112134,112144,112146,112235,112240,112242,112249,112252,112254,112257,112377,112379,112448,112451,112468,112473,112476,112592,112594,112623,112626,112632,112637,112641,112722,112724,112752,112757,112761,112856,112858,112899,112903,112906,112973,112975,113016,113022,113037,113044,113051,113055,113061,113147,113151,113159,113230,113235,113242,113244,113250,113252,113317,113319,113335,113340,113343,113412,113416,113419,113478,113481,113485,113538,113551,113554,113607,113611,113613,113644,113647,113652,113705,113709,113712,113733,113745,113747,113800,113802,113807,113809,113815,113818,113824,113829,113833,113836,113844,113853,113855,113883],[10,111867,3764,111869,11509],{"id":111868},"python-setunion-method",[17,111870,108027],{},[14,111872,111873,111875],{},[17,111874,108027],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111877,111878],{},"It is useful when you want:",[25,111880,111881,111884,111889],{},[28,111882,111883],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[28,111885,2744,111886,111888],{},[3934,111887,100753],{}," as the result",[28,111890,111891],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[53,111893,56],{"id":55},[58,111895,111897],{"className":60,"code":111896,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[17,111898,111899,111919,111939,111943,111961,111971],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,111900,111901,111903,111905,111907,111909,111911,111913,111915,111917],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,111902,110685],{"class":73},[67,111904,78],{"class":77},[67,111906,10678],{"class":81},[67,111908,464],{"class":85},[67,111910,89],{"class":81},[67,111912,3182],{"class":85},[67,111914,89],{"class":81},[67,111916,2639],{"class":85},[67,111918,9496],{"class":81},[67,111920,111921,111923,111925,111927,111929,111931,111933,111935,111937],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,111922,110706],{"class":73},[67,111924,78],{"class":77},[67,111926,10678],{"class":81},[67,111928,2251],{"class":85},[67,111930,89],{"class":81},[67,111932,2645],{"class":85},[67,111934,89],{"class":81},[67,111936,4794],{"class":85},[67,111938,9496],{"class":81},[67,111940,111941],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,111942,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,111944,111945,111947,111949,111951,111953,111955,111957,111959],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,111946,2416],{"class":73},[67,111948,78],{"class":77},[67,111950,110735],{"class":73},[67,111952,114],{"class":81},[67,111954,111253],{"class":117},[67,111956,138],{"class":81},[67,111958,100578],{"class":117},[67,111960,144],{"class":81},[67,111962,111963,111965,111967,111969],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,111964,135],{"class":134},[67,111966,138],{"class":81},[67,111968,2451],{"class":117},[67,111970,144],{"class":81},[67,111972,111973],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,111974,111975],{"class":3852},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,111977,111978,111980],{},[17,111979,102783],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[53,111982,3867,111984,3870],{"id":111983},"what-setunion-does",[17,111985,108027],{},[14,111987,111988,1161],{},[17,111989,108027],{},[25,111991,111992,111995,111998,112000],{},[28,111993,111994],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[28,111996,111997],{},"keeps only unique values",[28,111999,110615],{},[28,112001,110624],{},[14,112003,112004],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,112006,96308,112007,114],{},[45,112008,96312],{"href":97483},[53,112010,352],{"id":351},[58,112012,112014],{"className":60,"code":112013,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[17,112015,112016],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,112017,112018,112020,112022,112024,112026,112028,112030,112032,112034,112036],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,112019,100569],{"class":73},[67,112021,114],{"class":81},[67,112023,111253],{"class":117},[67,112025,138],{"class":81},[67,112027,100578],{"class":117},[67,112029,89],{"class":81},[67,112031,100605],{"class":117},[67,112033,89],{"class":81},[67,112035,34639],{"class":134},[67,112037,144],{"class":81},[14,112039,13241],{},[25,112041,112042,112045,112048],{},[28,112043,112044],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[28,112046,112047],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[28,112049,112050],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,112052,112053],{},"Example with two sets:",[58,112055,112057],{"className":60,"code":112056,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[17,112058,112059,112075,112091,112095,112113],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,112060,112061,112063,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,112062,2744],{"class":73},[67,112064,78],{"class":77},[67,112066,10678],{"class":81},[67,112068,464],{"class":85},[67,112070,89],{"class":81},[67,112072,3182],{"class":85},[67,112074,9496],{"class":81},[67,112076,112077,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,112078,2772],{"class":73},[67,112080,78],{"class":77},[67,112082,10678],{"class":81},[67,112084,2245],{"class":85},[67,112086,89],{"class":81},[67,112088,2639],{"class":85},[67,112090,9496],{"class":81},[67,112092,112093],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,112094,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,112096,112097,112099,112101,112103,112105,112107,112109,112111],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,112098,2416],{"class":73},[67,112100,78],{"class":77},[67,112102,57056],{"class":73},[67,112104,114],{"class":81},[67,112106,111253],{"class":117},[67,112108,138],{"class":81},[67,112110,428],{"class":117},[67,112112,144],{"class":81},[67,112114,112115,112117,112119,112121],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,112116,135],{"class":134},[67,112118,138],{"class":81},[67,112120,2451],{"class":117},[67,112122,144],{"class":81},[53,112124,22159],{"id":22158},[14,112126,112127,100750,112129,114],{},[17,112128,108027],{},[3934,112130,100753],{},[14,112132,112133],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[25,112135,112136,112139],{},[28,112137,112138],{},"the original set",[28,112140,112141,112142],{},"all arguments passed to ",[17,112143,102783],{},[14,112145,222],{},[58,112147,112149],{"className":60,"code":112148,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[17,112150,112151,112167,112183,112187,112205,112209,112222],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,112152,112153,112155,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,112154,2744],{"class":73},[67,112156,78],{"class":77},[67,112158,10678],{"class":81},[67,112160,464],{"class":85},[67,112162,89],{"class":81},[67,112164,3182],{"class":85},[67,112166,9496],{"class":81},[67,112168,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,112170,2772],{"class":73},[67,112172,78],{"class":77},[67,112174,10678],{"class":81},[67,112176,2245],{"class":85},[67,112178,89],{"class":81},[67,112180,2639],{"class":85},[67,112182,9496],{"class":81},[67,112184,112185],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,112186,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,112188,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,112190,2416],{"class":73},[67,112192,78],{"class":77},[67,112194,57056],{"class":73},[67,112196,114],{"class":81},[67,112198,111253],{"class":117},[67,112200,138],{"class":81},[67,112202,428],{"class":117},[67,112204,144],{"class":81},[67,112206,112207],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,112208,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,112210,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,112212,135],{"class":134},[67,112214,138],{"class":81},[67,112216,2451],{"class":117},[67,112218,3849],{"class":81},[67,112220,112221],{"class":3852},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[67,112223,112224,112226,112228,112230,112232],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,112225,135],{"class":134},[67,112227,138],{"class":81},[67,112229,45],{"class":117},[67,112231,3849],{"class":81},[67,112233,112234],{"class":3852},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112236,2473,112237,112239],{},[17,112238,45],{}," did not change.",[14,112241,110857],{},[25,112243,112244,112246],{},[28,112245,110862],{},[28,112247,112248],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112250,112251],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[53,112253,11663],{"id":11662},[14,112255,112256],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[58,112258,112260],{"className":60,"code":112259,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[17,112261,112262,112295,112328,112332,112352,112356,112366],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,112263,112264,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,112265,112266],{"class":73},"fruits1 ",[67,112268,78],{"class":77},[67,112270,10678],{"class":81},[67,112272,240],{"class":239},[67,112274,689],{"class":243},[67,112276,240],{"class":239},[67,112278,89],{"class":81},[67,112280,251],{"class":239},[67,112282,698],{"class":243},[67,112284,240],{"class":239},[67,112286,89],{"class":81},[67,112288,251],{"class":239},[67,112290,716],{"class":243},[67,112292,240],{"class":239},[67,112294,9496],{"class":81},[67,112296,112297,112300,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310,112312,112314,112316,112318,112320,112322,112324,112326],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,112298,112299],{"class":73},"fruits2 ",[67,112301,78],{"class":77},[67,112303,10678],{"class":81},[67,112305,240],{"class":239},[67,112307,698],{"class":243},[67,112309,240],{"class":239},[67,112311,89],{"class":81},[67,112313,251],{"class":239},[67,112315,22722],{"class":243},[67,112317,240],{"class":239},[67,112319,89],{"class":81},[67,112321,251],{"class":239},[67,112323,716],{"class":243},[67,112325,240],{"class":239},[67,112327,9496],{"class":81},[67,112329,112330],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,112331,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,112333,112334,112336,112338,112341,112343,112345,112347,112350],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,112335,2416],{"class":73},[67,112337,78],{"class":77},[67,112339,112340],{"class":73}," fruits1",[67,112342,114],{"class":81},[67,112344,111253],{"class":117},[67,112346,138],{"class":81},[67,112348,112349],{"class":117},"fruits2",[67,112351,144],{"class":81},[67,112353,112354],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,112355,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,112357,112358,112360,112362,112364],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,112359,135],{"class":134},[67,112361,138],{"class":81},[67,112363,2451],{"class":117},[67,112365,144],{"class":81},[67,112367,112368,112370,112372,112375],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,112369,135],{"class":134},[67,112371,138],{"class":81},[67,112373,112374],{"class":117},"fruits1",[67,112376,144],{"class":81},[14,112378,30213],{},[58,112380,112382],{"className":60,"code":112381,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[17,112383,112384,112420],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,112385,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404,112406,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,112387,9465],{"class":81},[67,112389,333],{"class":239},[67,112391,698],{"class":243},[67,112393,333],{"class":239},[67,112395,89],{"class":81},[67,112397,342],{"class":239},[67,112399,716],{"class":243},[67,112401,333],{"class":239},[67,112403,89],{"class":81},[67,112405,342],{"class":239},[67,112407,689],{"class":243},[67,112409,333],{"class":239},[67,112411,89],{"class":81},[67,112413,342],{"class":239},[67,112415,22722],{"class":243},[67,112417,333],{"class":239},[67,112419,9496],{"class":81},[67,112421,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442,112444,112446],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,112423,9465],{"class":81},[67,112425,333],{"class":239},[67,112427,698],{"class":243},[67,112429,333],{"class":239},[67,112431,89],{"class":81},[67,112433,342],{"class":239},[67,112435,716],{"class":243},[67,112437,333],{"class":239},[67,112439,89],{"class":81},[67,112441,342],{"class":239},[67,112443,689],{"class":243},[67,112445,333],{"class":239},[67,112447,9496],{"class":81},[14,112449,112450],{},"What this shows:",[25,112452,112453,112460,112463],{},[28,112454,112455,961,112457,112459],{},[17,112456,65442],{},[17,112458,65869],{}," appear in both sets",[28,112461,112462],{},"they appear only once in the result",[28,112464,112465,112467],{},[17,112466,112374],{}," stays unchanged",[53,112469,8604,112471,101142],{"id":112470},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[17,112472,102783],{},[14,112474,112475],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[58,112477,112479],{"className":60,"code":112478,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,112480,112481,112497,112513,112530,112547,112551,112578,112582],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,112482,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,112484,110685],{"class":73},[67,112486,78],{"class":77},[67,112488,10678],{"class":81},[67,112490,464],{"class":85},[67,112492,89],{"class":81},[67,112494,3182],{"class":85},[67,112496,9496],{"class":81},[67,112498,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,112500,110706],{"class":73},[67,112502,78],{"class":77},[67,112504,10678],{"class":81},[67,112506,2245],{"class":85},[67,112508,89],{"class":81},[67,112510,2639],{"class":85},[67,112512,9496],{"class":81},[67,112514,112515,112518,112520,112522,112524,112526,112528],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,112516,112517],{"class":73},"set3 ",[67,112519,78],{"class":77},[67,112521,10678],{"class":81},[67,112523,2251],{"class":85},[67,112525,89],{"class":81},[67,112527,2645],{"class":85},[67,112529,9496],{"class":81},[67,112531,112532,112535,112537,112539,112541,112543,112545],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,112533,112534],{"class":73},"set4 ",[67,112536,78],{"class":77},[67,112538,10678],{"class":81},[67,112540,2694],{"class":85},[67,112542,89],{"class":81},[67,112544,4794],{"class":85},[67,112546,9496],{"class":81},[67,112548,112549],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,112550,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,112552,112553,112555,112557,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112576],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,112554,2416],{"class":73},[67,112556,78],{"class":77},[67,112558,110735],{"class":73},[67,112560,114],{"class":81},[67,112562,111253],{"class":117},[67,112564,138],{"class":81},[67,112566,100578],{"class":117},[67,112568,89],{"class":81},[67,112570,100605],{"class":117},[67,112572,89],{"class":81},[67,112574,112575],{"class":117}," set4",[67,112577,144],{"class":81},[67,112579,112580],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,112581,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,112583,112584,112586,112588,112590],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,112585,135],{"class":134},[67,112587,138],{"class":81},[67,112589,2451],{"class":117},[67,112591,144],{"class":81},[14,112593,30213],{},[58,112595,112597],{"className":60,"code":112596,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[17,112598,112599],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,112600,112601,112603,112605,112607,112609,112611,112613,112615,112617,112619,112621],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,112602,9465],{"class":81},[67,112604,464],{"class":85},[67,112606,89],{"class":81},[67,112608,3182],{"class":85},[67,112610,89],{"class":81},[67,112612,2639],{"class":85},[67,112614,89],{"class":81},[67,112616,2645],{"class":85},[67,112618,89],{"class":81},[67,112620,4794],{"class":85},[67,112622,9496],{"class":81},[14,112624,112625],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[53,112627,8604,112629,112631],{"id":112628},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[17,112630,102783],{}," with other iterables",[14,112633,112634,112636],{},[17,112635,102783],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1109,112638,112640],{"id":112639},"with-a-list","With a list",[58,112642,112644],{"className":60,"code":112643,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[17,112645,112646,112666,112690,112694,112712],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,112647,112648,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,112649,74],{"class":73},[67,112651,78],{"class":77},[67,112653,10678],{"class":81},[67,112655,464],{"class":85},[67,112657,89],{"class":81},[67,112659,3182],{"class":85},[67,112661,89],{"class":81},[67,112663,2639],{"class":85},[67,112665,9496],{"class":81},[67,112667,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676,112678,112680,112682,112684,112686,112688],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,112669,61216],{"class":73},[67,112671,78],{"class":77},[67,112673,82],{"class":81},[67,112675,2251],{"class":85},[67,112677,89],{"class":81},[67,112679,2645],{"class":85},[67,112681,89],{"class":81},[67,112683,4794],{"class":85},[67,112685,89],{"class":81},[67,112687,4794],{"class":85},[67,112689,100],{"class":81},[67,112691,112692],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,112693,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,112695,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706,112708,112710],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,112697,2416],{"class":73},[67,112699,78],{"class":77},[67,112701,111],{"class":73},[67,112703,114],{"class":81},[67,112705,111253],{"class":117},[67,112707,138],{"class":81},[67,112709,61245],{"class":117},[67,112711,144],{"class":81},[67,112713,112714,112716,112718,112720],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,112715,135],{"class":134},[67,112717,138],{"class":81},[67,112719,2451],{"class":117},[67,112721,144],{"class":81},[14,112723,30213],{},[58,112725,112726],{"className":60,"code":112596,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,112727,112728],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,112729,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,112731,9465],{"class":81},[67,112733,464],{"class":85},[67,112735,89],{"class":81},[67,112737,3182],{"class":85},[67,112739,89],{"class":81},[67,112741,2639],{"class":85},[67,112743,89],{"class":81},[67,112745,2645],{"class":85},[67,112747,89],{"class":81},[67,112749,4794],{"class":85},[67,112751,9496],{"class":81},[14,112753,21166,112754,112756],{},[17,112755,1308],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1109,112758,112760],{"id":112759},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[58,112762,112764],{"className":60,"code":112763,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[17,112765,112766,112790,112823,112827,112846],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,112767,112768,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780,112782,112784,112786,112788],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,112769,411],{"class":73},[67,112771,78],{"class":77},[67,112773,10678],{"class":81},[67,112775,240],{"class":239},[67,112777,45],{"class":243},[67,112779,240],{"class":239},[67,112781,89],{"class":81},[67,112783,251],{"class":239},[67,112785,428],{"class":243},[67,112787,240],{"class":239},[67,112789,9496],{"class":81},[67,112791,112792,112795,112797,112799,112801,112803,112805,112807,112809,112811,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,112793,112794],{"class":73},"more_letters ",[67,112796,78],{"class":77},[67,112798,9423],{"class":81},[67,112800,240],{"class":239},[67,112802,428],{"class":243},[67,112804,240],{"class":239},[67,112806,89],{"class":81},[67,112808,251],{"class":239},[67,112810,437],{"class":243},[67,112812,240],{"class":239},[67,112814,89],{"class":81},[67,112816,251],{"class":239},[67,112818,18955],{"class":243},[67,112820,240],{"class":239},[67,112822,144],{"class":81},[67,112824,112825],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,112826,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,112828,112829,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841,112844],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,112830,2416],{"class":73},[67,112832,78],{"class":77},[67,112834,455],{"class":73},[67,112836,114],{"class":81},[67,112838,111253],{"class":117},[67,112840,138],{"class":81},[67,112842,112843],{"class":117},"more_letters",[67,112845,144],{"class":81},[67,112847,112848,112850,112852,112854],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,112849,135],{"class":134},[67,112851,138],{"class":81},[67,112853,2451],{"class":117},[67,112855,144],{"class":81},[14,112857,30213],{},[58,112859,112861],{"className":60,"code":112860,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[17,112862,112863],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,112864,112865,112867,112869,112871,112873,112875,112877,112879,112881,112883,112885,112887,112889,112891,112893,112895,112897],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,112866,9465],{"class":81},[67,112868,333],{"class":239},[67,112870,45],{"class":243},[67,112872,333],{"class":239},[67,112874,89],{"class":81},[67,112876,342],{"class":239},[67,112878,428],{"class":243},[67,112880,333],{"class":239},[67,112882,89],{"class":81},[67,112884,342],{"class":239},[67,112886,437],{"class":243},[67,112888,333],{"class":239},[67,112890,89],{"class":81},[67,112892,342],{"class":239},[67,112894,18955],{"class":243},[67,112896,333],{"class":239},[67,112898,9496],{"class":81},[1109,112900,112902],{"id":112901},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112904,112905],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[58,112907,112909],{"className":60,"code":112908,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,112910,112911,112936,112959,112963],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,112912,112913,112916,112918,112920,112922,112924,112926,112928,112930,112932,112934],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,112914,112915],{"class":73},"chars ",[67,112917,78],{"class":77},[67,112919,10678],{"class":81},[67,112921,240],{"class":239},[67,112923,45],{"class":243},[67,112925,240],{"class":239},[67,112927,89],{"class":81},[67,112929,251],{"class":239},[67,112931,428],{"class":243},[67,112933,240],{"class":239},[67,112935,9496],{"class":81},[67,112937,112938,112940,112942,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953,112955,112957],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,112939,2416],{"class":73},[67,112941,78],{"class":77},[67,112943,112944],{"class":73}," chars",[67,112946,114],{"class":81},[67,112948,111253],{"class":117},[67,112950,138],{"class":81},[67,112952,240],{"class":239},[67,112954,37227],{"class":243},[67,112956,240],{"class":239},[67,112958,144],{"class":81},[67,112960,112961],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,112962,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,112964,112965,112967,112969,112971],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,112966,135],{"class":134},[67,112968,138],{"class":81},[67,112970,2451],{"class":117},[67,112972,144],{"class":81},[14,112974,30213],{},[58,112976,112978],{"className":60,"code":112977,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[17,112979,112980],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,112981,112982,112984,112986,112988,112990,112992,112994,112996,112998,113000,113002,113004,113006,113008,113010,113012,113014],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,112983,9465],{"class":81},[67,112985,333],{"class":239},[67,112987,45],{"class":243},[67,112989,333],{"class":239},[67,112991,89],{"class":81},[67,112993,342],{"class":239},[67,112995,428],{"class":243},[67,112997,333],{"class":239},[67,112999,89],{"class":81},[67,113001,342],{"class":239},[67,113003,437],{"class":243},[67,113005,333],{"class":239},[67,113007,89],{"class":81},[67,113009,342],{"class":239},[67,113011,63455],{"class":243},[67,113013,333],{"class":239},[67,113015,9496],{"class":81},[14,113017,22378,113018,113021],{},[17,113019,113020],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[25,113023,113024,113028,113032],{},[28,113025,113026],{},[17,113027,66648],{},[28,113029,113030],{},[17,113031,18283],{},[28,113033,113034],{},[17,113035,113036],{},"\"t\"",[53,113038,113040,10773,113042],{"id":113039},"union-vs-update",[17,113041,102783],{},[17,113043,15141],{},[14,113045,113046,961,113048,113050],{},[17,113047,102783],{},[17,113049,15141],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1109,113052,113053],{"id":111253},[17,113054,102783],{},[25,113056,113057,113059],{},[28,113058,110615],{},[28,113060,110624],{},[58,113062,113063],{"className":60,"code":112148,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,113064,113065,113081,113097,113101,113119,113123,113135],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,113066,113067,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077,113079],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,113068,2744],{"class":73},[67,113070,78],{"class":77},[67,113072,10678],{"class":81},[67,113074,464],{"class":85},[67,113076,89],{"class":81},[67,113078,3182],{"class":85},[67,113080,9496],{"class":81},[67,113082,113083,113085,113087,113089,113091,113093,113095],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,113084,2772],{"class":73},[67,113086,78],{"class":77},[67,113088,10678],{"class":81},[67,113090,2245],{"class":85},[67,113092,89],{"class":81},[67,113094,2639],{"class":85},[67,113096,9496],{"class":81},[67,113098,113099],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,113100,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,113102,113103,113105,113107,113109,113111,113113,113115,113117],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,113104,2416],{"class":73},[67,113106,78],{"class":77},[67,113108,57056],{"class":73},[67,113110,114],{"class":81},[67,113112,111253],{"class":117},[67,113114,138],{"class":81},[67,113116,428],{"class":117},[67,113118,144],{"class":81},[67,113120,113121],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,113122,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,113124,113125,113127,113129,113131,113133],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,113126,135],{"class":134},[67,113128,138],{"class":81},[67,113130,2451],{"class":117},[67,113132,3849],{"class":81},[67,113134,112221],{"class":3852},[67,113136,113137,113139,113141,113143,113145],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,113138,135],{"class":134},[67,113140,138],{"class":81},[67,113142,45],{"class":117},[67,113144,3849],{"class":81},[67,113146,112234],{"class":3852},[1109,113148,113149],{"id":30648},[17,113150,15141],{},[25,113152,113153,113156],{},[28,113154,113155],{},"changes the existing set in place",[28,113157,113158],{},"does not create a separate result set",[58,113160,113162],{"className":60,"code":113161,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[17,113163,113164,113180,113196,113200,113214,113218],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,113165,113166,113168,113170,113172,113174,113176,113178],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,113167,2744],{"class":73},[67,113169,78],{"class":77},[67,113171,10678],{"class":81},[67,113173,464],{"class":85},[67,113175,89],{"class":81},[67,113177,3182],{"class":85},[67,113179,9496],{"class":81},[67,113181,113182,113184,113186,113188,113190,113192,113194],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,113183,2772],{"class":73},[67,113185,78],{"class":77},[67,113187,10678],{"class":81},[67,113189,2245],{"class":85},[67,113191,89],{"class":81},[67,113193,2639],{"class":85},[67,113195,9496],{"class":81},[67,113197,113198],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,113199,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,113201,113202,113204,113206,113208,113210,113212],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,113203,45],{"class":73},[67,113205,114],{"class":81},[67,113207,30648],{"class":117},[67,113209,138],{"class":81},[67,113211,428],{"class":117},[67,113213,144],{"class":81},[67,113215,113216],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,113217,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,113219,113220,113222,113224,113226,113228],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,113221,135],{"class":134},[67,113223,138],{"class":81},[67,113225,45],{"class":117},[67,113227,3849],{"class":81},[67,113229,112221],{"class":3852},[14,113231,185,113232,113234],{},[17,113233,102783],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113236,113237,113238,114],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[45,113239,3764,113240,946],{"href":98503},[17,113241,97298],{},[53,113243,4707],{"id":4706},[1109,113245,1930,113247,113249],{"id":113246},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[17,113248,102783],{}," to change the original set",[14,113251,81808],{},[58,113253,113255],{"className":60,"code":113254,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[17,113256,113257,113273,113289,113293,113307],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,113258,113259,113261,113263,113265,113267,113269,113271],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,113260,2744],{"class":73},[67,113262,78],{"class":77},[67,113264,10678],{"class":81},[67,113266,464],{"class":85},[67,113268,89],{"class":81},[67,113270,3182],{"class":85},[67,113272,9496],{"class":81},[67,113274,113275,113277,113279,113281,113283,113285,113287],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,113276,2772],{"class":73},[67,113278,78],{"class":77},[67,113280,10678],{"class":81},[67,113282,2245],{"class":85},[67,113284,89],{"class":81},[67,113286,2639],{"class":85},[67,113288,9496],{"class":81},[67,113290,113291],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,113292,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,113294,113295,113297,113299,113301,113303,113305],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,113296,45],{"class":73},[67,113298,114],{"class":81},[67,113300,111253],{"class":117},[67,113302,138],{"class":81},[67,113304,428],{"class":117},[67,113306,144],{"class":81},[67,113308,113309,113311,113313,113315],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,113310,135],{"class":134},[67,113312,138],{"class":81},[67,113314,45],{"class":117},[67,113316,144],{"class":81},[14,113318,159],{},[58,113320,113321],{"className":60,"code":100491,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,113322,113323],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,113324,113325,113327,113329,113331,113333],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,113326,9465],{"class":81},[67,113328,464],{"class":85},[67,113330,89],{"class":81},[67,113332,3182],{"class":85},[67,113334,9496],{"class":81},[14,113336,8682,113337,113339],{},[17,113338,102783],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113341,113342],{},"Fix it like this:",[58,113344,113346],{"className":60,"code":113345,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[17,113347,113348,113364,113380,113384,113402],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,113349,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358,113360,113362],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,113351,2744],{"class":73},[67,113353,78],{"class":77},[67,113355,10678],{"class":81},[67,113357,464],{"class":85},[67,113359,89],{"class":81},[67,113361,3182],{"class":85},[67,113363,9496],{"class":81},[67,113365,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376,113378],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,113367,2772],{"class":73},[67,113369,78],{"class":77},[67,113371,10678],{"class":81},[67,113373,2245],{"class":85},[67,113375,89],{"class":81},[67,113377,2639],{"class":85},[67,113379,9496],{"class":81},[67,113381,113382],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,113383,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,113385,113386,113388,113390,113392,113394,113396,113398,113400],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,113387,2744],{"class":73},[67,113389,78],{"class":77},[67,113391,57056],{"class":73},[67,113393,114],{"class":81},[67,113395,111253],{"class":117},[67,113397,138],{"class":81},[67,113399,428],{"class":117},[67,113401,144],{"class":81},[67,113403,113404,113406,113408,113410],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,113405,135],{"class":134},[67,113407,138],{"class":81},[67,113409,45],{"class":117},[67,113411,144],{"class":81},[1109,113413,113415],{"id":113414},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113417,113418],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[58,113420,113422],{"className":60,"code":113421,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[17,113423,113424,113440,113456,113460],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,113425,113426,113428,113430,113432,113434,113436,113438],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,113427,2744],{"class":73},[67,113429,78],{"class":77},[67,113431,10678],{"class":81},[67,113433,2251],{"class":85},[67,113435,89],{"class":81},[67,113437,5689],{"class":85},[67,113439,9496],{"class":81},[67,113441,113442,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,113443,2772],{"class":73},[67,113445,78],{"class":77},[67,113447,10678],{"class":81},[67,113449,2245],{"class":85},[67,113451,89],{"class":81},[67,113453,2645],{"class":85},[67,113455,9496],{"class":81},[67,113457,113458],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,113459,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,113461,113462,113464,113466,113468,113470,113472,113474,113476],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,113463,135],{"class":134},[67,113465,138],{"class":81},[67,113467,45],{"class":117},[67,113469,114],{"class":81},[67,113471,111253],{"class":117},[67,113473,138],{"class":81},[67,113475,428],{"class":117},[67,113477,1426],{"class":81},[14,113479,113480],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1109,113482,113484],{"id":113483},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[58,113486,113488],{"className":60,"code":113487,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,113489,113490,113506,113528],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,113491,113492,113494,113496,113498,113500,113502,113504],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,113493,4261],{"class":73},[67,113495,78],{"class":77},[67,113497,10678],{"class":81},[67,113499,240],{"class":239},[67,113501,58296],{"class":243},[67,113503,240],{"class":239},[67,113505,9496],{"class":81},[67,113507,113508,113510,113512,113514,113516,113518,113520,113522,113524,113526],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,113509,2416],{"class":73},[67,113511,78],{"class":77},[67,113513,6360],{"class":73},[67,113515,114],{"class":81},[67,113517,111253],{"class":117},[67,113519,138],{"class":81},[67,113521,240],{"class":239},[67,113523,37227],{"class":243},[67,113525,240],{"class":239},[67,113527,144],{"class":81},[67,113529,113530,113532,113534,113536],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,113531,135],{"class":134},[67,113533,138],{"class":81},[67,113535,2451],{"class":117},[67,113537,144],{"class":81},[14,113539,113540,113541,1550,113543,17260,113545,113547,113548,113550],{},"This adds ",[17,113542,66648],{},[17,113544,18283],{},[17,113546,113036],{}," as separate items, not ",[17,113549,113020],{}," as one item.",[14,113552,113553],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[58,113555,113557],{"className":60,"code":113556,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[17,113558,113559,113575,113597],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,113560,113561,113563,113565,113567,113569,113571,113573],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,113562,4261],{"class":73},[67,113564,78],{"class":77},[67,113566,10678],{"class":81},[67,113568,240],{"class":239},[67,113570,58296],{"class":243},[67,113572,240],{"class":239},[67,113574,9496],{"class":81},[67,113576,113577,113579,113581,113583,113585,113587,113589,113591,113593,113595],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,113578,2416],{"class":73},[67,113580,78],{"class":77},[67,113582,6360],{"class":73},[67,113584,114],{"class":81},[67,113586,111253],{"class":117},[67,113588,370],{"class":81},[67,113590,240],{"class":239},[67,113592,37227],{"class":243},[67,113594,240],{"class":239},[67,113596,376],{"class":81},[67,113598,113599,113601,113603,113605],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,113600,135],{"class":134},[67,113602,138],{"class":81},[67,113604,2451],{"class":117},[67,113606,144],{"class":81},[1109,113608,113610],{"id":113609},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113612,3026],{},[58,113614,113616],{"className":60,"code":113615,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[17,113617,113618],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,113619,113620,113622,113624,113626,113628,113630,113632,113634,113636,113638,113640,113642],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,113621,15816],{"class":73},[67,113623,78],{"class":77},[67,113625,10678],{"class":81},[67,113627,464],{"class":85},[67,113629,89],{"class":81},[67,113631,3182],{"class":85},[67,113633,89],{"class":81},[67,113635,82],{"class":81},[67,113637,2251],{"class":85},[67,113639,89],{"class":81},[67,113641,2645],{"class":85},[67,113643,13892],{"class":81},[14,113645,113646],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113648,113649,113650,1161],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[17,113651,102783],{},[58,113653,113655],{"className":60,"code":113654,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[17,113656,113657,113673,113695],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,113658,113659,113661,113663,113665,113667,113669,113671],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,113660,15816],{"class":73},[67,113662,78],{"class":77},[67,113664,10678],{"class":81},[67,113666,464],{"class":85},[67,113668,89],{"class":81},[67,113670,3182],{"class":85},[67,113672,9496],{"class":81},[67,113674,113675,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687,113689,113691,113693],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,113676,2416],{"class":73},[67,113678,78],{"class":77},[67,113680,96908],{"class":73},[67,113682,114],{"class":81},[67,113684,111253],{"class":117},[67,113686,370],{"class":81},[67,113688,2251],{"class":85},[67,113690,89],{"class":81},[67,113692,2645],{"class":85},[67,113694,376],{"class":81},[67,113696,113697,113699,113701,113703],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,113698,135],{"class":134},[67,113700,138],{"class":81},[67,113702,2451],{"class":117},[67,113704,144],{"class":81},[53,113706,113708],{"id":113707},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113710,113711],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[25,113713,113714,113720,113727,113730],{},[28,113715,113716,113717,113719],{},"call ",[17,113718,102783],{}," without saving the returned set",[28,113721,113722,113723,43,113725],{},"confuse ",[17,113724,102783],{},[17,113726,15141],{},[28,113728,113729],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[28,113731,113732],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113734,113735,113736,961,113740,114],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[45,113737,3764,113738,946],{"href":102772},[17,113739,106557],{},[45,113741,3764,113743,946],{"href":113742},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[17,113744,100403],{},[14,113746,62463],{},[58,113748,113750],{"className":60,"code":113749,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[17,113751,113752,113762,113776,113786],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,113753,113754,113756,113758,113760],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,113755,135],{"class":134},[67,113757,138],{"class":81},[67,113759,15854],{"class":117},[67,113761,144],{"class":81},[67,113763,113764,113766,113768,113770,113772,113774],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,113765,135],{"class":134},[67,113767,138],{"class":81},[67,113769,2011],{"class":362},[67,113771,138],{"class":81},[67,113773,15854],{"class":117},[67,113775,1426],{"class":81},[67,113777,113778,113780,113782,113784],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,113779,135],{"class":134},[67,113781,138],{"class":81},[67,113783,2451],{"class":117},[67,113785,144],{"class":81},[67,113787,113788,113790,113792,113794,113796,113798],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,113789,32337],{"class":134},[67,113791,138],{"class":81},[67,113793,6479],{"class":362},[67,113795,114],{"class":81},[67,113797,111253],{"class":24938},[67,113799,144],{"class":81},[53,113801,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,113803,12894,113805,102723],{"id":113804},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[17,113806,108027],{},[14,113808,102726],{},[1109,113810,5359,113812,113814],{"id":113811},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[17,113813,102783],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113816,113817],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1109,113819,28516,113821,113823],{"id":113820},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[17,113822,102783],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113825,42332,113826,113828],{},[17,113827,102783],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1109,113830,113832],{"id":113831},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113834,113835],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1109,113837,5369,113839,961,113841,2681],{"id":113838},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[17,113840,102783],{},[17,113842,113843],{},"|",[14,113845,113846,113847,113849,113850,113852],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[17,113848,113843],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[17,113851,102783],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[53,113854,2094],{"id":2093},[25,113856,113857,113861,113867,113873,113879],{},[28,113858,113859],{},[45,113860,96312],{"href":97483},[28,113862,113863],{},[45,113864,3764,113865,946],{"href":98503},[17,113866,97298],{},[28,113868,113869],{},[45,113870,3764,113871,946],{"href":102772},[17,113872,106557],{},[28,113874,113875],{},[45,113876,3764,113877,946],{"href":113742},[17,113878,100403],{},[28,113880,113881],{},[45,113882,100328],{"href":99061},[2122,113884,113885],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":113887},[113888,113889,113891,113892,113893,113894,113896,113902,113907,113914,113915,113926],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":111983,"depth":103,"text":113890},"What set.union() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":22158,"depth":103,"text":22159},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":112470,"depth":103,"text":113895},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112628,"depth":103,"text":113897,"children":113898},"Using union() with other iterables",[113899,113900,113901],{"id":112639,"depth":124,"text":112640},{"id":112759,"depth":124,"text":112760},{"id":112901,"depth":124,"text":112902},{"id":113039,"depth":103,"text":113903,"children":113904},"union() vs update()",[113905,113906],{"id":111253,"depth":124,"text":102783},{"id":30648,"depth":124,"text":15141},{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":113908},[113909,113911,113912,113913],{"id":113246,"depth":124,"text":113910},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113414,"depth":124,"text":113415},{"id":113483,"depth":124,"text":113484},{"id":113609,"depth":124,"text":113610},{"id":113707,"depth":103,"text":113708},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":113916},[113917,113919,113921,113923,113924],{"id":113804,"depth":124,"text":113918},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113811,"depth":124,"text":113920},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113820,"depth":124,"text":113922},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113831,"depth":124,"text":113832},{"id":113838,"depth":124,"text":113925},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111863,"description":113927},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113933,"title":113934,"body":113935,"description":115824,"extension":2153,"meta":115825,"navigation":127,"path":96797,"seo":115826,"stem":115827,"__hash__":115828},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113936,"toc":115790},[113937,113942,113947,113955,113957,114015,114020,114025,114029,114041,114044,114118,114123,114125,114127,114146,114148,114165,114168,114195,114197,114267,114271,114273,114279,114281,114342,114347,114349,114406,114410,114415,114480,114482,114502,114509,114513,114518,114603,114606,114613,114716,114720,114725,114783,114786,114797,114811,114818,114876,114883,114886,114896,114900,114958,114962,115028,115031,115089,115096,115103,115106,115110,115119,115188,115192,115198,115286,115296,115300,115304,115308,115311,115372,115377,115434,115438,115440,115475,115482,115484,115538,115545,115549,115552,115617,115626,115632,115689,115691,115696,115700,115704,115707,115714,115722,115726,115731,115735,115741,115743,115778,115787],[10,113938,96184,113940,11509],{"id":113939},"python-set-update-method",[17,113941,15141],{},[14,113943,113944,113946],{},[17,113945,97298],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,113948,113949,113950,113954],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[45,113951,113952],{"href":98484},[17,113953,96192],{},", which adds only one item.",[53,113956,3798],{"id":3797},[58,113958,113960],{"className":60,"code":113959,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,113961,113962,113978,114000,114010],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,113963,113964,113966,113968,113970,113972,113974,113976],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,113965,74],{"class":73},[67,113967,78],{"class":77},[67,113969,10678],{"class":81},[67,113971,464],{"class":85},[67,113973,89],{"class":81},[67,113975,3182],{"class":85},[67,113977,9496],{"class":81},[67,113979,113980,113982,113984,113986,113988,113990,113992,113994,113996,113998],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,113981,154],{"class":73},[67,113983,114],{"class":81},[67,113985,30648],{"class":117},[67,113987,370],{"class":81},[67,113989,2245],{"class":85},[67,113991,89],{"class":81},[67,113993,2639],{"class":85},[67,113995,89],{"class":81},[67,113997,2645],{"class":85},[67,113999,376],{"class":81},[67,114001,114002,114004,114006,114008],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,114003,135],{"class":134},[67,114005,138],{"class":81},[67,114007,154],{"class":117},[67,114009,144],{"class":81},[67,114011,114012],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,114013,114014],{"class":3852},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,114016,185,114017,114019],{},[17,114018,15141],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[53,114021,3867,114023,3870],{"id":114022},"what-setupdate-does",[17,114024,97298],{},[14,114026,114027,1161],{},[17,114028,97298],{},[25,114030,114031,114034,114036,114039],{},[28,114032,114033],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[28,114035,96299],{},[28,114037,114038],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[28,114040,96302],{},[14,114042,114043],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[58,114045,114047],{"className":60,"code":114046,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[17,114048,114049,114073,114099,114103,114113],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,114050,114051,114053,114055,114057,114059,114061,114063,114065,114067,114069,114071],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,114052,232],{"class":73},[67,114054,78],{"class":77},[67,114056,10678],{"class":81},[67,114058,240],{"class":239},[67,114060,244],{"class":243},[67,114062,240],{"class":239},[67,114064,89],{"class":81},[67,114066,251],{"class":239},[67,114068,263],{"class":243},[67,114070,240],{"class":239},[67,114072,9496],{"class":81},[67,114074,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085,114087,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,114076,312],{"class":73},[67,114078,114],{"class":81},[67,114080,30648],{"class":117},[67,114082,370],{"class":81},[67,114084,240],{"class":239},[67,114086,263],{"class":243},[67,114088,240],{"class":239},[67,114090,89],{"class":81},[67,114092,251],{"class":239},[67,114094,254],{"class":243},[67,114096,240],{"class":239},[67,114098,376],{"class":81},[67,114100,114101],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,114102,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,114104,114105,114107,114109,114111],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,114106,135],{"class":134},[67,114108,138],{"class":81},[67,114110,312],{"class":117},[67,114112,144],{"class":81},[67,114114,114115],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,114116,114117],{"class":3852},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,114119,21166,114120,114122],{},[17,114121,111018],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[53,114124,352],{"id":351},[14,114126,7409],{},[58,114128,114130],{"className":60,"code":114129,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[17,114131,114132],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,114133,114134,114136,114138,114140,114142,114144],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,114135,15854],{"class":73},[67,114137,114],{"class":81},[67,114139,30648],{"class":117},[67,114141,138],{"class":81},[67,114143,3911],{"class":117},[67,114145,144],{"class":81},[14,114147,80184],{},[25,114149,114150,114153,114156,114159,114162],{},[28,114151,114152],{},"A list",[28,114154,114155],{},"A tuple",[28,114157,114158],{},"Another set",[28,114160,114161],{},"A string",[28,114163,114164],{},"Any other iterable",[14,114166,114167],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[58,114169,114171],{"className":60,"code":114170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[17,114172,114173],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,114174,114175,114177,114179,114181,114183,114185,114187,114189,114191,114193],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,114176,15854],{"class":73},[67,114178,114],{"class":81},[67,114180,30648],{"class":117},[67,114182,138],{"class":81},[67,114184,45],{"class":117},[67,114186,89],{"class":81},[67,114188,2749],{"class":117},[67,114190,89],{"class":81},[67,114192,9869],{"class":117},[67,114194,144],{"class":81},[14,114196,222],{},[58,114198,114200],{"className":60,"code":114199,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[17,114201,114202,114214,114248,114252,114262],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,114203,114204,114206,114208,114210,114212],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,114205,4014],{"class":73},[67,114207,78],{"class":77},[67,114209,10678],{"class":81},[67,114211,464],{"class":85},[67,114213,9496],{"class":81},[67,114215,114216,114218,114220,114222,114224,114226,114228,114230,114232,114234,114236,114238,114240,114242,114244,114246],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,114217,5549],{"class":73},[67,114219,114],{"class":81},[67,114221,30648],{"class":117},[67,114223,370],{"class":81},[67,114225,2245],{"class":85},[67,114227,89],{"class":81},[67,114229,2639],{"class":85},[67,114231,18249],{"class":81},[67,114233,9423],{"class":81},[67,114235,2694],{"class":85},[67,114237,89],{"class":81},[67,114239,4794],{"class":85},[67,114241,9420],{"class":81},[67,114243,10678],{"class":81},[67,114245,80575],{"class":85},[67,114247,30680],{"class":81},[67,114249,114250],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,114251,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,114253,114254,114256,114258,114260],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,114255,135],{"class":134},[67,114257,138],{"class":81},[67,114259,5549],{"class":117},[67,114261,144],{"class":81},[67,114263,114264],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,114265,114266],{"class":3852},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114268,96308,114269,114],{},[45,114270,96316],{"href":97867},[53,114272,22159],{"id":22158},[14,114274,114275,2584,114277,114],{},[17,114276,97298],{},[17,114278,1103],{},[14,114280,11903],{},[58,114282,114284],{"className":60,"code":114283,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[17,114285,114286,114302,114324,114328,114338],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,114287,114288,114290,114292,114294,114296,114298,114300],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,114289,74],{"class":73},[67,114291,78],{"class":77},[67,114293,10678],{"class":81},[67,114295,464],{"class":85},[67,114297,89],{"class":81},[67,114299,3182],{"class":85},[67,114301,9496],{"class":81},[67,114303,114304,114306,114308,114310,114312,114314,114316,114318,114320,114322],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,114305,2416],{"class":73},[67,114307,78],{"class":77},[67,114309,111],{"class":73},[67,114311,114],{"class":81},[67,114313,30648],{"class":117},[67,114315,370],{"class":81},[67,114317,2251],{"class":85},[67,114319,89],{"class":81},[67,114321,2645],{"class":85},[67,114323,376],{"class":81},[67,114325,114326],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,114327,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,114329,114330,114332,114334,114336],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,114331,135],{"class":134},[67,114333,138],{"class":81},[67,114335,2451],{"class":117},[67,114337,144],{"class":81},[67,114339,114340],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,114341,62000],{"class":3852},[14,114343,114344,114345,114],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[17,114346,2451],{},[14,114348,19156],{},[58,114350,114352],{"className":60,"code":114351,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,114353,114354,114370,114388,114392,114402],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,114355,114356,114358,114360,114362,114364,114366,114368],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,114357,74],{"class":73},[67,114359,78],{"class":77},[67,114361,10678],{"class":81},[67,114363,464],{"class":85},[67,114365,89],{"class":81},[67,114367,3182],{"class":85},[67,114369,9496],{"class":81},[67,114371,114372,114374,114376,114378,114380,114382,114384,114386],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,114373,154],{"class":73},[67,114375,114],{"class":81},[67,114377,30648],{"class":117},[67,114379,370],{"class":81},[67,114381,2251],{"class":85},[67,114383,89],{"class":81},[67,114385,2645],{"class":85},[67,114387,376],{"class":81},[67,114389,114390],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,114391,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,114393,114394,114396,114398,114400],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,114395,135],{"class":134},[67,114397,138],{"class":81},[67,114399,154],{"class":117},[67,114401,144],{"class":81},[67,114403,114404],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,114405,114014],{"class":3852},[53,114407,114409],{"id":114408},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114411,114412,114413,114],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[17,114414,15141],{},[58,114416,114418],{"className":60,"code":114417,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,114419,114420,114436,114462,114466,114476],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,114421,114422,114424,114426,114428,114430,114432,114434],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,114423,74],{"class":73},[67,114425,78],{"class":77},[67,114427,10678],{"class":81},[67,114429,464],{"class":85},[67,114431,89],{"class":81},[67,114433,3182],{"class":85},[67,114435,9496],{"class":81},[67,114437,114438,114440,114442,114444,114446,114448,114450,114452,114454,114456,114458,114460],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,114439,154],{"class":73},[67,114441,114],{"class":81},[67,114443,30648],{"class":117},[67,114445,370],{"class":81},[67,114447,2245],{"class":85},[67,114449,89],{"class":81},[67,114451,2639],{"class":85},[67,114453,89],{"class":81},[67,114455,2645],{"class":85},[67,114457,89],{"class":81},[67,114459,2645],{"class":85},[67,114461,376],{"class":81},[67,114463,114464],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,114465,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,114467,114468,114470,114472,114474],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,114469,135],{"class":134},[67,114471,138],{"class":81},[67,114473,154],{"class":117},[67,114475,144],{"class":81},[67,114477,114478],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,114479,114014],{"class":3852},[14,114481,11872],{},[25,114483,114484,114489,114496],{},[28,114485,114486,114488],{},[17,114487,2245],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[28,114490,114491,961,114493,114495],{},[17,114492,2251],{},[17,114494,2694],{}," are added",[28,114497,114498,114499,114501],{},"The second ",[17,114500,2694],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114503,114504,114505,114508],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[45,114506,114507],{"href":99061},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[53,114510,114512],{"id":114511},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114514,7955,114515,114517],{},[17,114516,15141],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[58,114519,114521],{"className":60,"code":114520,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[17,114522,114523,114544,114565,114569,114585,114589,114599],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,114524,114525,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536,114538,114540,114542],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,114526,114527],{"class":73},"set_a ",[67,114529,78],{"class":77},[67,114531,10678],{"class":81},[67,114533,464],{"class":85},[67,114535,89],{"class":81},[67,114537,3182],{"class":85},[67,114539,89],{"class":81},[67,114541,2639],{"class":85},[67,114543,9496],{"class":81},[67,114545,114546,114549,114551,114553,114555,114557,114559,114561,114563],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,114547,114548],{"class":73},"set_b ",[67,114550,78],{"class":77},[67,114552,10678],{"class":81},[67,114554,2251],{"class":85},[67,114556,89],{"class":81},[67,114558,2645],{"class":85},[67,114560,89],{"class":81},[67,114562,4794],{"class":85},[67,114564,9496],{"class":81},[67,114566,114567],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,114568,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,114570,114571,114574,114576,114578,114580,114583],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,114572,114573],{"class":73},"set_a",[67,114575,114],{"class":81},[67,114577,30648],{"class":117},[67,114579,138],{"class":81},[67,114581,114582],{"class":117},"set_b",[67,114584,144],{"class":81},[67,114586,114587],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,114588,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,114590,114591,114593,114595,114597],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,114592,135],{"class":134},[67,114594,138],{"class":81},[67,114596,114573],{"class":117},[67,114598,144],{"class":81},[67,114600,114601],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,114602,111975],{"class":3852},[14,114604,114605],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114607,114608,114609,114],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[45,114610,114611],{"href":102780},[17,114612,108027],{},[58,114614,114616],{"className":60,"code":114615,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[17,114617,114618,114638,114658,114662,114682,114686,114697,114701,114711],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,114619,114620,114622,114624,114626,114628,114630,114632,114634,114636],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,114621,114527],{"class":73},[67,114623,78],{"class":77},[67,114625,10678],{"class":81},[67,114627,464],{"class":85},[67,114629,89],{"class":81},[67,114631,3182],{"class":85},[67,114633,89],{"class":81},[67,114635,2639],{"class":85},[67,114637,9496],{"class":81},[67,114639,114640,114642,114644,114646,114648,114650,114652,114654,114656],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,114641,114548],{"class":73},[67,114643,78],{"class":77},[67,114645,10678],{"class":81},[67,114647,2251],{"class":85},[67,114649,89],{"class":81},[67,114651,2645],{"class":85},[67,114653,89],{"class":81},[67,114655,4794],{"class":85},[67,114657,9496],{"class":81},[67,114659,114660],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,114661,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,114663,114664,114667,114669,114672,114674,114676,114678,114680],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,114665,114666],{"class":73},"combined ",[67,114668,78],{"class":77},[67,114670,114671],{"class":73}," set_a",[67,114673,114],{"class":81},[67,114675,111253],{"class":117},[67,114677,138],{"class":81},[67,114679,114582],{"class":117},[67,114681,144],{"class":81},[67,114683,114684],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,114685,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,114687,114688,114690,114692,114695],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,114689,135],{"class":134},[67,114691,138],{"class":81},[67,114693,114694],{"class":117},"combined",[67,114696,144],{"class":81},[67,114698,114699],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,114700,111975],{"class":3852},[67,114702,114703,114705,114707,114709],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,114704,135],{"class":134},[67,114706,138],{"class":81},[67,114708,114573],{"class":117},[67,114710,144],{"class":81},[67,114712,114713],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,114714,114715],{"class":3852},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[53,114717,114719],{"id":114718},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114721,64908,114722,114724],{},[17,114723,15141],{}," adds each character separately.",[58,114726,114728],{"className":60,"code":114727,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[17,114729,114730,114746,114764,114768,114778],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,114731,114732,114734,114736,114738,114740,114742,114744],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,114733,411],{"class":73},[67,114735,78],{"class":77},[67,114737,10678],{"class":81},[67,114739,240],{"class":239},[67,114741,2361],{"class":243},[67,114743,240],{"class":239},[67,114745,9496],{"class":81},[67,114747,114748,114750,114752,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,114749,490],{"class":73},[67,114751,114],{"class":81},[67,114753,30648],{"class":117},[67,114755,138],{"class":81},[67,114757,240],{"class":239},[67,114759,37227],{"class":243},[67,114761,240],{"class":239},[67,114763,144],{"class":81},[67,114765,114766],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,114767,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,114769,114770,114772,114774,114776],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,114771,135],{"class":134},[67,114773,138],{"class":81},[67,114775,490],{"class":117},[67,114777,144],{"class":81},[67,114779,114780],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,114781,114782],{"class":3852},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114784,114785],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114787,114788,14240,114791,114793,114794,114796],{},[17,114789,114790],{},"update(\"cat\")",[3934,114792,4820],{}," add ",[17,114795,113020],{}," as one item. It adds:",[25,114798,114799,114803,114807],{},[28,114800,114801],{},[17,114802,66648],{},[28,114804,114805],{},[17,114806,18283],{},[28,114808,114809],{},[17,114810,113036],{},[14,114812,114813,114814,1161],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[45,114815,114816],{"href":98484},[17,114817,96192],{},[58,114819,114821],{"className":60,"code":114820,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[17,114822,114823,114839,114857,114861,114871],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,114824,114825,114827,114829,114831,114833,114835,114837],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,114826,4261],{"class":73},[67,114828,78],{"class":77},[67,114830,10678],{"class":81},[67,114832,240],{"class":239},[67,114834,58296],{"class":243},[67,114836,240],{"class":239},[67,114838,9496],{"class":81},[67,114840,114841,114843,114845,114847,114849,114851,114853,114855],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,114842,4302],{"class":73},[67,114844,114],{"class":81},[67,114846,82087],{"class":117},[67,114848,138],{"class":81},[67,114850,240],{"class":239},[67,114852,37227],{"class":243},[67,114854,240],{"class":239},[67,114856,144],{"class":81},[67,114858,114859],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,114860,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,114862,114863,114865,114867,114869],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,114864,135],{"class":134},[67,114866,138],{"class":81},[67,114868,4302],{"class":117},[67,114870,144],{"class":81},[67,114872,114873],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,114874,114875],{"class":3852},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[53,114877,114879,10773,114881],{"id":114878},"update-vs-add",[17,114880,15141],{},[17,114882,96187],{},[14,114884,114885],{},"The difference is simple:",[25,114887,114888,114892],{},[28,114889,114890,96786],{},[17,114891,96187],{},[28,114893,114894,96791],{},[17,114895,15141],{},[14,114897,46218,114898,1161],{},[17,114899,96187],{},[58,114901,114903],{"className":60,"code":114902,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[17,114904,114905,114921,114939,114943,114953],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,114906,114907,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917,114919],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,114908,680],{"class":73},[67,114910,78],{"class":77},[67,114912,10678],{"class":81},[67,114914,240],{"class":239},[67,114916,689],{"class":243},[67,114918,240],{"class":239},[67,114920,9496],{"class":81},[67,114922,114923,114925,114927,114929,114931,114933,114935,114937],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,114924,766],{"class":73},[67,114926,114],{"class":81},[67,114928,82087],{"class":117},[67,114930,138],{"class":81},[67,114932,240],{"class":239},[67,114934,698],{"class":243},[67,114936,240],{"class":239},[67,114938,144],{"class":81},[67,114940,114941],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,114942,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,114944,114945,114947,114949,114951],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,114946,135],{"class":134},[67,114948,138],{"class":81},[67,114950,766],{"class":117},[67,114952,144],{"class":81},[67,114954,114955],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,114956,114957],{"class":3852},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,114959,46218,114960,1161],{},[17,114961,15141],{},[58,114963,114965],{"className":60,"code":114964,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[17,114966,114967,114983,115009,115013,115023],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,114968,114969,114971,114973,114975,114977,114979,114981],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,114970,680],{"class":73},[67,114972,78],{"class":77},[67,114974,10678],{"class":81},[67,114976,240],{"class":239},[67,114978,689],{"class":243},[67,114980,240],{"class":239},[67,114982,9496],{"class":81},[67,114984,114985,114987,114989,114991,114993,114995,114997,114999,115001,115003,115005,115007],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,114986,766],{"class":73},[67,114988,114],{"class":81},[67,114990,30648],{"class":117},[67,114992,370],{"class":81},[67,114994,240],{"class":239},[67,114996,698],{"class":243},[67,114998,240],{"class":239},[67,115000,89],{"class":81},[67,115002,251],{"class":239},[67,115004,716],{"class":243},[67,115006,240],{"class":239},[67,115008,376],{"class":81},[67,115010,115011],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,115012,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,115014,115015,115017,115019,115021],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,115016,135],{"class":134},[67,115018,138],{"class":81},[67,115020,766],{"class":117},[67,115022,144],{"class":81},[67,115024,115025],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,115026,115027],{"class":3852},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,115029,115030],{},"Important warning with strings:",[58,115032,115034],{"className":60,"code":115033,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[17,115035,115036,115052,115070,115074,115084],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,115037,115038,115040,115042,115044,115046,115048,115050],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,115039,680],{"class":73},[67,115041,78],{"class":77},[67,115043,10678],{"class":81},[67,115045,240],{"class":239},[67,115047,689],{"class":243},[67,115049,240],{"class":239},[67,115051,9496],{"class":81},[67,115053,115054,115056,115058,115060,115062,115064,115066,115068],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,115055,766],{"class":73},[67,115057,114],{"class":81},[67,115059,30648],{"class":117},[67,115061,138],{"class":81},[67,115063,240],{"class":239},[67,115065,38521],{"class":243},[67,115067,240],{"class":239},[67,115069,144],{"class":81},[67,115071,115072],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,115073,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,115075,115076,115078,115080,115082],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,115077,135],{"class":134},[67,115079,138],{"class":81},[67,115081,766],{"class":117},[67,115083,144],{"class":81},[67,115085,115086],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,115087,115088],{"class":3852},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,115090,62274,115091,62347,115094,6823],{},[17,115092,115093],{},"\"kiwi\"",[17,115095,96187],{},[53,115097,115099,10773,115101],{"id":115098},"update-vs-union",[17,115100,15141],{},[17,115102,102783],{},[14,115104,115105],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1109,115107,115108],{"id":30648},[17,115109,15141],{},[25,115111,115112,115115],{},[28,115113,115114],{},"Changes the existing set",[28,115116,11611,115117],{},[17,115118,1103],{},[58,115120,115122],{"className":60,"code":115121,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[17,115123,115124,115140,115156,115160,115174,115184],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,115125,115126,115128,115130,115132,115134,115136,115138],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,115127,2744],{"class":73},[67,115129,78],{"class":77},[67,115131,10678],{"class":81},[67,115133,464],{"class":85},[67,115135,89],{"class":81},[67,115137,3182],{"class":85},[67,115139,9496],{"class":81},[67,115141,115142,115144,115146,115148,115150,115152,115154],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,115143,2772],{"class":73},[67,115145,78],{"class":77},[67,115147,10678],{"class":81},[67,115149,2245],{"class":85},[67,115151,89],{"class":81},[67,115153,2639],{"class":85},[67,115155,9496],{"class":81},[67,115157,115158],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,115159,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,115161,115162,115164,115166,115168,115170,115172],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,115163,45],{"class":73},[67,115165,114],{"class":81},[67,115167,30648],{"class":117},[67,115169,138],{"class":81},[67,115171,428],{"class":117},[67,115173,144],{"class":81},[67,115175,115176,115178,115180,115182],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,115177,135],{"class":134},[67,115179,138],{"class":81},[67,115181,45],{"class":117},[67,115183,144],{"class":81},[67,115185,115186],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,115187,114715],{"class":3852},[1109,115189,115190],{"id":111253},[17,115191,102783],{},[25,115193,115194,115196],{},[28,115195,101321],{},[28,115197,101324],{},[58,115199,115201],{"className":60,"code":115200,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[17,115202,115203,115219,115235,115239,115257,115267,115271,115281],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,115204,115205,115207,115209,115211,115213,115215,115217],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,115206,2744],{"class":73},[67,115208,78],{"class":77},[67,115210,10678],{"class":81},[67,115212,464],{"class":85},[67,115214,89],{"class":81},[67,115216,3182],{"class":85},[67,115218,9496],{"class":81},[67,115220,115221,115223,115225,115227,115229,115231,115233],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,115222,2772],{"class":73},[67,115224,78],{"class":77},[67,115226,10678],{"class":81},[67,115228,2245],{"class":85},[67,115230,89],{"class":81},[67,115232,2639],{"class":85},[67,115234,9496],{"class":81},[67,115236,115237],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,115238,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,115240,115241,115243,115245,115247,115249,115251,115253,115255],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,115242,83167],{"class":73},[67,115244,78],{"class":77},[67,115246,57056],{"class":73},[67,115248,114],{"class":81},[67,115250,111253],{"class":117},[67,115252,138],{"class":81},[67,115254,428],{"class":117},[67,115256,144],{"class":81},[67,115258,115259,115261,115263,115265],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,115260,135],{"class":134},[67,115262,138],{"class":81},[67,115264,437],{"class":117},[67,115266,144],{"class":81},[67,115268,115269],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,115270,114715],{"class":3852},[67,115272,115273,115275,115277,115279],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,115274,135],{"class":134},[67,115276,138],{"class":81},[67,115278,45],{"class":117},[67,115280,144],{"class":81},[67,115282,115283],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,115284,115285],{"class":3852},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115287,107669,115288,115290,115291,115295],{},[17,115289,15141],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[45,115292,115293],{"href":102780},[17,115294,102783],{}," when you want a new set.",[53,115297,115299],{"id":115298},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115301,10934,115302,114],{},[17,115303,97298],{},[1109,115305,115307],{"id":115306},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115309,115310],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[58,115312,115314],{"className":60,"code":115313,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[17,115315,115316,115332,115354,115358,115368],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,115317,115318,115320,115322,115324,115326,115328,115330],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,115319,15816],{"class":73},[67,115321,78],{"class":77},[67,115323,10678],{"class":81},[67,115325,464],{"class":85},[67,115327,89],{"class":81},[67,115329,3182],{"class":85},[67,115331,9496],{"class":81},[67,115333,115334,115336,115338,115340,115342,115344,115346,115348,115350,115352],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,115335,2416],{"class":73},[67,115337,78],{"class":77},[67,115339,96908],{"class":73},[67,115341,114],{"class":81},[67,115343,30648],{"class":117},[67,115345,370],{"class":81},[67,115347,2251],{"class":85},[67,115349,89],{"class":81},[67,115351,2645],{"class":85},[67,115353,376],{"class":81},[67,115355,115356],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,115357,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,115359,115360,115362,115364,115366],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,115361,135],{"class":134},[67,115363,138],{"class":81},[67,115365,2451],{"class":117},[67,115367,144],{"class":81},[67,115369,115370],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,115371,62000],{"class":3852},[14,115373,115374,115375,1161],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[17,115376,15141],{},[58,115378,115380],{"className":60,"code":115379,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,115381,115382,115398,115416,115420,115430],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,115383,115384,115386,115388,115390,115392,115394,115396],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,115385,15816],{"class":73},[67,115387,78],{"class":77},[67,115389,10678],{"class":81},[67,115391,464],{"class":85},[67,115393,89],{"class":81},[67,115395,3182],{"class":85},[67,115397,9496],{"class":81},[67,115399,115400,115402,115404,115406,115408,115410,115412,115414],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,115401,15854],{"class":73},[67,115403,114],{"class":81},[67,115405,30648],{"class":117},[67,115407,370],{"class":81},[67,115409,2251],{"class":85},[67,115411,89],{"class":81},[67,115413,2645],{"class":85},[67,115415,376],{"class":81},[67,115417,115418],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,115419,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,115421,115422,115424,115426,115428],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,115423,135],{"class":134},[67,115425,138],{"class":81},[67,115427,15854],{"class":117},[67,115429,144],{"class":81},[67,115431,115432],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,115433,114014],{"class":3852},[1109,115435,115437],{"id":115436},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115439,3026],{},[58,115441,115443],{"className":60,"code":115442,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[17,115444,115445,115461],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,115446,115447,115449,115451,115453,115455,115457,115459],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,115448,15816],{"class":73},[67,115450,78],{"class":77},[67,115452,10678],{"class":81},[67,115454,464],{"class":85},[67,115456,89],{"class":81},[67,115458,3182],{"class":85},[67,115460,9496],{"class":81},[67,115462,115463,115465,115467,115469,115471,115473],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,115464,15854],{"class":73},[67,115466,114],{"class":81},[67,115468,30648],{"class":117},[67,115470,138],{"class":81},[67,115472,1308],{"class":85},[67,115474,144],{"class":81},[14,115476,62453,115477,8788,115479,115481],{},[17,115478,1519],{},[17,115480,1308],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115483,6746],{},[58,115485,115487],{"className":60,"code":115486,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[17,115488,115489,115505,115519,115523,115533],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,115490,115491,115493,115495,115497,115499,115501,115503],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,115492,15816],{"class":73},[67,115494,78],{"class":77},[67,115496,10678],{"class":81},[67,115498,464],{"class":85},[67,115500,89],{"class":81},[67,115502,3182],{"class":85},[67,115504,9496],{"class":81},[67,115506,115507,115509,115511,115513,115515,115517],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,115508,15854],{"class":73},[67,115510,114],{"class":81},[67,115512,30648],{"class":117},[67,115514,370],{"class":81},[67,115516,1308],{"class":85},[67,115518,376],{"class":81},[67,115520,115521],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,115522,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,115524,115525,115527,115529,115531],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,115526,135],{"class":134},[67,115528,138],{"class":81},[67,115530,15854],{"class":117},[67,115532,144],{"class":81},[67,115534,115535],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,115536,115537],{"class":3852},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115539,46091,115540,114],{},[45,115541,25868,115542],{"href":52777},[17,115543,115544],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1109,115546,115548],{"id":115547},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115550,115551],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[58,115553,115555],{"className":60,"code":115554,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[17,115556,115557,115573,115599,115603,115613],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,115558,115559,115561,115563,115565,115567,115569,115571],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,115560,15816],{"class":73},[67,115562,78],{"class":77},[67,115564,10678],{"class":81},[67,115566,464],{"class":85},[67,115568,89],{"class":81},[67,115570,3182],{"class":85},[67,115572,9496],{"class":81},[67,115574,115575,115577,115579,115581,115583,115585,115587,115589,115591,115593,115595,115597],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,115576,15854],{"class":73},[67,115578,114],{"class":81},[67,115580,30648],{"class":117},[67,115582,370],{"class":81},[67,115584,2245],{"class":85},[67,115586,89],{"class":81},[67,115588,3182],{"class":85},[67,115590,89],{"class":81},[67,115592,3182],{"class":85},[67,115594,89],{"class":81},[67,115596,2639],{"class":85},[67,115598,376],{"class":81},[67,115600,115601],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,115602,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,115604,115605,115607,115609,115611],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,115606,135],{"class":134},[67,115608,138],{"class":81},[67,115610,15854],{"class":117},[67,115612,144],{"class":81},[67,115614,115615],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,115616,114715],{"class":3852},[1109,115618,115620,115621,44809,115623,115625],{"id":115619},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[17,115622,15141],{},[17,115624,96187],{}," is better",[14,115627,115628,115629,115631],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[17,115630,96187],{}," is usually the better choice.",[58,115633,115635],{"className":60,"code":115634,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[17,115636,115637,115653,115671,115675,115685],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,115638,115639,115641,115643,115645,115647,115649,115651],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,115640,15816],{"class":73},[67,115642,78],{"class":77},[67,115644,10678],{"class":81},[67,115646,240],{"class":239},[67,115648,58296],{"class":243},[67,115650,240],{"class":239},[67,115652,9496],{"class":81},[67,115654,115655,115657,115659,115661,115663,115665,115667,115669],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,115656,15854],{"class":73},[67,115658,114],{"class":81},[67,115660,82087],{"class":117},[67,115662,138],{"class":81},[67,115664,240],{"class":239},[67,115666,37227],{"class":243},[67,115668,240],{"class":239},[67,115670,144],{"class":81},[67,115672,115673],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,115674,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,115676,115677,115679,115681,115683],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,115678,135],{"class":134},[67,115680,138],{"class":81},[67,115682,15854],{"class":117},[67,115684,144],{"class":81},[67,115686,115687],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,115688,114875],{"class":3852},[53,115690,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,115692,12894,115694,97277],{"id":115693},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[17,115695,97298],{},[14,115697,97280,115698,114],{},[17,115699,1103],{},[1109,115701,28516,115702,32411],{"id":32408},[17,115703,15141],{},[14,115705,115706],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1109,115708,5369,115710,961,115712,2681],{"id":115709},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[17,115711,96187],{},[17,115713,15141],{},[14,115715,115716,115718,115719,115721],{},[17,115717,96187],{}," adds one item. ",[17,115720,15141],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1109,115723,115725],{"id":115724},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115727,115728,115729,114724],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[17,115730,15141],{},[1109,115732,115734],{"id":115733},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115736,185,115737,11279,115739,114],{},[17,115738,102783],{},[17,115740,15141],{},[53,115742,2094],{"id":2093},[25,115744,115745,115752,115759,115765,115771],{},[28,115746,115747],{},[45,115748,115749],{"href":98484},[17,115750,115751],{},"Python set add() method",[28,115753,115754],{},[45,115755,115756],{"href":102780},[17,115757,115758],{},"Python set union() method",[28,115760,115761],{},[45,115762,115763],{"href":97867},[17,115764,97322],{},[28,115766,115767],{},[45,115768,115769],{"href":99061},[17,115770,100328],{},[28,115772,115773],{},[45,115774,115775,115777],{"href":52777},[17,115776,115544],{}," fix",[14,115779,115780,115781,115783,115784,115786],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[17,115782,96192],{}," for a single value and ",[17,115785,108027],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2122,115788,115789],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":115791},[115792,115793,115795,115796,115797,115798,115799,115800,115802,115807,115814,115823],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":114022,"depth":103,"text":115794},"What set.update() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":22158,"depth":103,"text":22159},{"id":114408,"depth":103,"text":114409},{"id":114511,"depth":103,"text":114512},{"id":114718,"depth":103,"text":114719},{"id":114878,"depth":103,"text":115801},"update() vs add()",{"id":115098,"depth":103,"text":115803,"children":115804},"update() vs union()",[115805,115806],{"id":30648,"depth":124,"text":15141},{"id":111253,"depth":124,"text":102783},{"id":115298,"depth":103,"text":115299,"children":115808},[115809,115810,115811,115812],{"id":115306,"depth":124,"text":115307},{"id":115436,"depth":124,"text":115437},{"id":115547,"depth":124,"text":115548},{"id":115619,"depth":124,"text":115813},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":115815},[115816,115818,115819,115821,115822],{"id":115693,"depth":124,"text":115817},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32408,"depth":124,"text":32481},{"id":115709,"depth":124,"text":115820},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115724,"depth":124,"text":115725},{"id":115733,"depth":124,"text":115734},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113934,"description":115824},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115830,"title":115831,"body":115832,"description":117598,"extension":2153,"meta":117599,"navigation":127,"path":13976,"seo":117600,"stem":117601,"__hash__":117602},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115833,"toc":117573},[115834,115837,115840,115843,115854,115862,115865,115867,116016,116028,116032,116049,116053,116061,116063,116074,116076,116173,116179,116182,116278,116287,116292,116296,116301,116303,116313,116315,116424,116432,116436,116439,116442,116459,116465,116545,116548,116552,116555,116559,116562,116621,116624,116628,116631,116723,116727,116730,116837,116841,116847,116875,116877,116959,116969,116973,116976,116987,116990,117075,117078,117083,117087,117090,117101,117104,117246,117249,117253,117256,117270,117273,117334,117340,117342,117345,117367,117370,117470,117473,117505,117507,117511,117514,117516,117519,117523,117526,117530,117533,117537,117540,117542,117570],[10,115835,115831],{"id":115836},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115838,115839],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115841,115842],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[25,115844,115845,115848,115851],{},[28,115846,115847],{},"a list inside another list",[28,115849,115850],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[28,115852,115853],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115855,100250,115856,961,115858,115861],{},[3934,115857,13040],{},[3934,115859,115860],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115863,115864],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[53,115866,56],{"id":55},[58,115868,115870],{"className":60,"code":115869,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[17,115871,115872,115879,115883,115909,115929,115949,115953,115971,115975,115988,116002],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,115873,115874,115876],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,115875,35276],{"class":1167},[67,115877,115878],{"class":73}," copy\n",[67,115880,115881],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,115882,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,115884,115885,115887,115889,115891,115893,115895,115897,115899,115901,115903,115905,115907],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,115886,12275],{"class":73},[67,115888,78],{"class":77},[67,115890,56463],{"class":81},[67,115892,464],{"class":85},[67,115894,89],{"class":81},[67,115896,3182],{"class":85},[67,115898,18249],{"class":81},[67,115900,82],{"class":81},[67,115902,2251],{"class":85},[67,115904,89],{"class":81},[67,115906,2645],{"class":85},[67,115908,53417],{"class":81},[67,115910,115911,115914,115916,115919,115921,115923,115925,115927],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,115912,115913],{"class":73},"shallow ",[67,115915,78],{"class":77},[67,115917,115918],{"class":73}," copy",[67,115920,114],{"class":81},[67,115922,13100],{"class":117},[67,115924,138],{"class":81},[67,115926,12322],{"class":117},[67,115928,144],{"class":81},[67,115930,115931,115934,115936,115938,115940,115943,115945,115947],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,115932,115933],{"class":73},"deep ",[67,115935,78],{"class":77},[67,115937,115918],{"class":73},[67,115939,114],{"class":81},[67,115941,115942],{"class":117},"deepcopy",[67,115944,138],{"class":81},[67,115946,12322],{"class":117},[67,115948,144],{"class":81},[67,115950,115951],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,115952,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,115954,115955,115957,115959,115961,115963,115965,115967,115969],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,115956,12322],{"class":73},[67,115958,174],{"class":81},[67,115960,1031],{"class":85},[67,115962,13736],{"class":81},[67,115964,13739],{"class":117},[67,115966,138],{"class":81},[67,115968,56516],{"class":85},[67,115970,144],{"class":81},[67,115972,115973],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,115974,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,115976,115977,115979,115981,115983,115985],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,115978,135],{"class":134},[67,115980,138],{"class":81},[67,115982,12322],{"class":117},[67,115984,3849],{"class":81},[67,115986,115987],{"class":3852},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[67,115989,115990,115992,115994,115997,115999],{"class":69,"line":6628},[67,115991,135],{"class":134},[67,115993,138],{"class":81},[67,115995,115996],{"class":117},"shallow",[67,115998,3849],{"class":81},[67,116000,116001],{"class":3852},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[67,116003,116004,116006,116008,116011,116013],{"class":69,"line":11783},[67,116005,135],{"class":134},[67,116007,138],{"class":81},[67,116009,116010],{"class":117},"deep",[67,116012,3849],{"class":81},[67,116014,116015],{"class":3852},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116017,185,116018,116021,116022,961,116024,116027],{},[17,116019,116020],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[3934,116023,13040],{},[17,116025,116026],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[53,116029,116031],{"id":116030},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[25,116033,116034,116037,116040,116043,116046],{},[28,116035,116036],{},"What a copy means in Python",[28,116038,116039],{},"How shallow copy works",[28,116041,116042],{},"How deep copy works",[28,116044,116045],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[28,116047,116048],{},"When to use each approach",[53,116050,116052],{"id":116051},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,116054,15376,116055,116057,116058,116060],{},[3934,116056,13040],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[3934,116059,4820],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,116062,2296],{},[25,116064,116065,116068,116071],{},[28,116066,116067],{},"the outer container is new",[28,116069,116070],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[28,116072,116073],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,116075,222],{},[58,116077,116079],{"className":60,"code":116078,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[17,116080,116081,116107,116121,116125,116143,116147,116160],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,116082,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091,116093,116095,116097,116099,116101,116103,116105],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,116084,12275],{"class":73},[67,116086,78],{"class":77},[67,116088,56463],{"class":81},[67,116090,464],{"class":85},[67,116092,89],{"class":81},[67,116094,3182],{"class":85},[67,116096,18249],{"class":81},[67,116098,82],{"class":81},[67,116100,2251],{"class":85},[67,116102,89],{"class":81},[67,116104,2645],{"class":85},[67,116106,53417],{"class":81},[67,116108,116109,116111,116113,116115,116117,116119],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,116110,14498],{"class":73},[67,116112,78],{"class":77},[67,116114,12350],{"class":73},[67,116116,114],{"class":81},[67,116118,13100],{"class":117},[67,116120,121],{"class":81},[67,116122,116123],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,116124,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,116126,116127,116129,116131,116133,116135,116137,116139,116141],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,116128,14517],{"class":73},[67,116130,114],{"class":81},[67,116132,13739],{"class":117},[67,116134,370],{"class":81},[67,116136,1308],{"class":85},[67,116138,89],{"class":81},[67,116140,37823],{"class":85},[67,116142,376],{"class":81},[67,116144,116145],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,116146,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,116148,116149,116151,116153,116155,116157],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,116150,135],{"class":134},[67,116152,138],{"class":81},[67,116154,12322],{"class":117},[67,116156,3849],{"class":81},[67,116158,116159],{"class":3852},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[67,116161,116162,116164,116166,116168,116170],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,116163,135],{"class":134},[67,116165,138],{"class":81},[67,116167,14517],{"class":117},[67,116169,3849],{"class":81},[67,116171,116172],{"class":3852},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,116174,116175,116176,116178],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[17,116177,14517],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,116180,116181],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[58,116183,116185],{"className":60,"code":116184,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[17,116186,116187,116213,116227,116231,116249,116253,116265],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,116188,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209,116211],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,116190,12275],{"class":73},[67,116192,78],{"class":77},[67,116194,56463],{"class":81},[67,116196,464],{"class":85},[67,116198,89],{"class":81},[67,116200,3182],{"class":85},[67,116202,18249],{"class":81},[67,116204,82],{"class":81},[67,116206,2251],{"class":85},[67,116208,89],{"class":81},[67,116210,2645],{"class":85},[67,116212,53417],{"class":81},[67,116214,116215,116217,116219,116221,116223,116225],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,116216,14498],{"class":73},[67,116218,78],{"class":77},[67,116220,12350],{"class":73},[67,116222,114],{"class":81},[67,116224,13100],{"class":117},[67,116226,121],{"class":81},[67,116228,116229],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,116230,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,116232,116233,116235,116237,116239,116241,116243,116245,116247],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,116234,14517],{"class":73},[67,116236,174],{"class":81},[67,116238,1031],{"class":85},[67,116240,13736],{"class":81},[67,116242,13739],{"class":117},[67,116244,138],{"class":81},[67,116246,56516],{"class":85},[67,116248,144],{"class":81},[67,116250,116251],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,116252,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,116254,116255,116257,116259,116261,116263],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,116256,135],{"class":134},[67,116258,138],{"class":81},[67,116260,12322],{"class":117},[67,116262,3849],{"class":81},[67,116264,115987],{"class":3852},[67,116266,116267,116269,116271,116273,116275],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,116268,135],{"class":134},[67,116270,138],{"class":81},[67,116272,14517],{"class":117},[67,116274,3849],{"class":81},[67,116276,116277],{"class":3852},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116279,116280,116281,961,116283,116286],{},"Both changed because ",[17,116282,56620],{},[17,116284,116285],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116288,116289,116290,114],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[45,116291,44115],{"href":12254},[53,116293,116295],{"id":116294},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116297,15376,116298,116300],{},[3934,116299,115860],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116302,2296],{},[25,116304,116305,116307,116310],{},[28,116306,116067],{},[28,116308,116309],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[28,116311,116312],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116314,222],{},[58,116316,116318],{"className":60,"code":116317,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[17,116319,116320,116326,116330,116356,116374,116378,116396,116400,116412],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,116321,116322,116324],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,116323,35276],{"class":1167},[67,116325,115878],{"class":73},[67,116327,116328],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,116329,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,116331,116332,116334,116336,116338,116340,116342,116344,116346,116348,116350,116352,116354],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,116333,12275],{"class":73},[67,116335,78],{"class":77},[67,116337,56463],{"class":81},[67,116339,464],{"class":85},[67,116341,89],{"class":81},[67,116343,3182],{"class":85},[67,116345,18249],{"class":81},[67,116347,82],{"class":81},[67,116349,2251],{"class":85},[67,116351,89],{"class":81},[67,116353,2645],{"class":85},[67,116355,53417],{"class":81},[67,116357,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368,116370,116372],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,116359,14498],{"class":73},[67,116361,78],{"class":77},[67,116363,115918],{"class":73},[67,116365,114],{"class":81},[67,116367,115942],{"class":117},[67,116369,138],{"class":81},[67,116371,12322],{"class":117},[67,116373,144],{"class":81},[67,116375,116376],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,116377,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,116379,116380,116382,116384,116386,116388,116390,116392,116394],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,116381,14517],{"class":73},[67,116383,174],{"class":81},[67,116385,1031],{"class":85},[67,116387,13736],{"class":81},[67,116389,13739],{"class":117},[67,116391,138],{"class":81},[67,116393,56516],{"class":85},[67,116395,144],{"class":81},[67,116397,116398],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,116399,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,116401,116402,116404,116406,116408,116410],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,116403,135],{"class":134},[67,116405,138],{"class":81},[67,116407,12322],{"class":117},[67,116409,3849],{"class":81},[67,116411,116159],{"class":3852},[67,116413,116414,116416,116418,116420,116422],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,116415,135],{"class":134},[67,116417,138],{"class":81},[67,116419,14517],{"class":117},[67,116421,3849],{"class":81},[67,116423,116277],{"class":3852},[14,116425,116426,116427,116429,116430,114],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[17,116428,116285],{}," does not change ",[17,116431,56620],{},[53,116433,116435],{"id":116434},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116437,116438],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116440,116441],{},"Common reasons:",[25,116443,116444,116447,116450,116456],{},[28,116445,116446],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[28,116448,116449],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[28,116451,116452,116453,116455],{},"Assignment with ",[17,116454,78],{}," does not make a copy",[28,116457,116458],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116460,116461,116462,116464],{},"For example, this does ",[3934,116463,4820],{}," create a copy:",[58,116466,116468],{"className":60,"code":116467,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,116469,116470,116490,116498,116502,116516,116520,116532],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,116471,116472,116474,116476,116478,116480,116482,116484,116486,116488],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,116473,12275],{"class":73},[67,116475,78],{"class":77},[67,116477,82],{"class":81},[67,116479,464],{"class":85},[67,116481,89],{"class":81},[67,116483,3182],{"class":85},[67,116485,89],{"class":81},[67,116487,2639],{"class":85},[67,116489,100],{"class":81},[67,116491,116492,116494,116496],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,116493,14498],{"class":73},[67,116495,78],{"class":77},[67,116497,12313],{"class":73},[67,116499,116500],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,116501,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,116503,116504,116506,116508,116510,116512,116514],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,116505,14517],{"class":73},[67,116507,114],{"class":81},[67,116509,13739],{"class":117},[67,116511,138],{"class":81},[67,116513,2694],{"class":85},[67,116515,144],{"class":81},[67,116517,116518],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,116519,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,116521,116522,116524,116526,116528,116530],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,116523,135],{"class":134},[67,116525,138],{"class":81},[67,116527,12322],{"class":117},[67,116529,3849],{"class":81},[67,116531,55870],{"class":3852},[67,116533,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,116535,135],{"class":134},[67,116537,138],{"class":81},[67,116539,14517],{"class":117},[67,116541,3849],{"class":81},[67,116543,116544],{"class":3852},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116546,116547],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[53,116549,116551],{"id":116550},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116553,116554],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1109,116556,116558],{"id":116557},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116560,116561],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[58,116563,116565],{"className":60,"code":116564,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[17,116566,116567,116593,116601,116605],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,116568,116569,116571,116573,116575,116577,116579,116581,116583,116585,116587,116589,116591],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,116570,12275],{"class":73},[67,116572,78],{"class":77},[67,116574,56463],{"class":81},[67,116576,464],{"class":85},[67,116578,89],{"class":81},[67,116580,3182],{"class":85},[67,116582,18249],{"class":81},[67,116584,82],{"class":81},[67,116586,2251],{"class":85},[67,116588,89],{"class":81},[67,116590,2645],{"class":85},[67,116592,53417],{"class":81},[67,116594,116595,116597,116599],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,116596,14289],{"class":73},[67,116598,78],{"class":77},[67,116600,12313],{"class":73},[67,116602,116603],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,116604,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,116606,116607,116609,116611,116613,116615,116617,116619],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,116608,135],{"class":134},[67,116610,138],{"class":81},[67,116612,12275],{"class":117},[67,116614,12383],{"class":1167},[67,116616,14357],{"class":117},[67,116618,3849],{"class":81},[67,116620,3853],{"class":3852},[14,116622,116623],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1109,116625,116627],{"id":116626},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116629,116630],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[58,116632,116634],{"className":60,"code":116633,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[17,116635,116636,116662,116676,116680,116697],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,116637,116638,116640,116642,116644,116646,116648,116650,116652,116654,116656,116658,116660],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,116639,12275],{"class":73},[67,116641,78],{"class":77},[67,116643,56463],{"class":81},[67,116645,464],{"class":85},[67,116647,89],{"class":81},[67,116649,3182],{"class":85},[67,116651,18249],{"class":81},[67,116653,82],{"class":81},[67,116655,2251],{"class":85},[67,116657,89],{"class":81},[67,116659,2645],{"class":85},[67,116661,53417],{"class":81},[67,116663,116664,116666,116668,116670,116672,116674],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,116665,115913],{"class":73},[67,116667,78],{"class":77},[67,116669,12350],{"class":73},[67,116671,114],{"class":81},[67,116673,13100],{"class":117},[67,116675,121],{"class":81},[67,116677,116678],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,116679,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,116681,116682,116684,116686,116688,116690,116693,116695],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,116683,135],{"class":134},[67,116685,138],{"class":81},[67,116687,12275],{"class":117},[67,116689,12383],{"class":1167},[67,116691,116692],{"class":117}," shallow",[67,116694,3849],{"class":81},[67,116696,21389],{"class":3852},[67,116698,116699,116701,116703,116705,116707,116709,116711,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,116700,135],{"class":134},[67,116702,138],{"class":81},[67,116704,12322],{"class":117},[67,116706,174],{"class":81},[67,116708,1031],{"class":85},[67,116710,13459],{"class":81},[67,116712,8284],{"class":1167},[67,116714,116692],{"class":117},[67,116716,174],{"class":81},[67,116718,1031],{"class":85},[67,116720,20634],{"class":81},[67,116722,3853],{"class":3852},[1109,116724,116726],{"id":116725},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116728,116729],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[58,116731,116733],{"className":60,"code":116732,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[17,116734,116735,116741,116745,116771,116789,116793,116811],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,116736,116737,116739],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,116738,35276],{"class":1167},[67,116740,115878],{"class":73},[67,116742,116743],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,116744,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,116746,116747,116749,116751,116753,116755,116757,116759,116761,116763,116765,116767,116769],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,116748,12275],{"class":73},[67,116750,78],{"class":77},[67,116752,56463],{"class":81},[67,116754,464],{"class":85},[67,116756,89],{"class":81},[67,116758,3182],{"class":85},[67,116760,18249],{"class":81},[67,116762,82],{"class":81},[67,116764,2251],{"class":85},[67,116766,89],{"class":81},[67,116768,2645],{"class":85},[67,116770,53417],{"class":81},[67,116772,116773,116775,116777,116779,116781,116783,116785,116787],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,116774,115933],{"class":73},[67,116776,78],{"class":77},[67,116778,115918],{"class":73},[67,116780,114],{"class":81},[67,116782,115942],{"class":117},[67,116784,138],{"class":81},[67,116786,12322],{"class":117},[67,116788,144],{"class":81},[67,116790,116791],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,116792,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,116794,116795,116797,116799,116801,116803,116806,116808],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,116796,135],{"class":134},[67,116798,138],{"class":81},[67,116800,12275],{"class":117},[67,116802,12383],{"class":1167},[67,116804,116805],{"class":117}," deep",[67,116807,3849],{"class":81},[67,116809,116810],{"class":3852},"         # False\n",[67,116812,116813,116815,116817,116819,116821,116823,116825,116827,116829,116831,116833,116835],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,116814,135],{"class":134},[67,116816,138],{"class":81},[67,116818,12322],{"class":117},[67,116820,174],{"class":81},[67,116822,1031],{"class":85},[67,116824,13459],{"class":81},[67,116826,8284],{"class":1167},[67,116828,116805],{"class":117},[67,116830,174],{"class":81},[67,116832,1031],{"class":85},[67,116834,20634],{"class":81},[67,116836,44051],{"class":3852},[53,116838,116840],{"id":116839},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116842,116843,116844,1161],{},"These all make ",[3934,116845,116846],{},"shallow copies",[25,116848,116849,116853,116857,116862,116868],{},[28,116850,116851],{},[17,116852,55770],{},[28,116854,116855],{},[17,116856,12624],{},[28,116858,116859],{},[17,116860,116861],{},"set.copy()",[28,116863,116864,116865],{},"list slicing like ",[17,116866,116867],{},"my_list[:]",[28,116869,116870,116872,116873,35266],{},[17,116871,116020],{}," from the ",[17,116874,13100],{},[14,116876,2314],{},[58,116878,116880],{"className":60,"code":116879,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,116881,116882,116902,116906,116920,116931,116935,116947],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,116883,116884,116886,116888,116890,116892,116894,116896,116898,116900],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,116885,74],{"class":73},[67,116887,78],{"class":77},[67,116889,82],{"class":81},[67,116891,464],{"class":85},[67,116893,89],{"class":81},[67,116895,3182],{"class":85},[67,116897,89],{"class":81},[67,116899,2639],{"class":85},[67,116901,100],{"class":81},[67,116903,116904],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,116905,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,116907,116908,116910,116912,116914,116916,116918],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,116909,2744],{"class":73},[67,116911,78],{"class":77},[67,116913,111],{"class":73},[67,116915,114],{"class":81},[67,116917,13100],{"class":117},[67,116919,121],{"class":81},[67,116921,116922,116924,116926,116928],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,116923,2772],{"class":73},[67,116925,78],{"class":77},[67,116927,111],{"class":73},[67,116929,116930],{"class":81},"[:]\n",[67,116932,116933],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,116934,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,116936,116937,116939,116941,116943,116945],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,116938,135],{"class":134},[67,116940,138],{"class":81},[67,116942,45],{"class":117},[67,116944,3849],{"class":81},[67,116946,55107],{"class":3852},[67,116948,116949,116951,116953,116955,116957],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,116950,135],{"class":134},[67,116952,138],{"class":81},[67,116954,428],{"class":117},[67,116956,3849],{"class":81},[67,116958,55107],{"class":3852},[14,116960,73121,116961,47712,116965,114],{},[45,116962,116963,946],{"href":55135},[17,116964,55770],{},[45,116966,116967,946],{"href":12621},[17,116968,12624],{},[53,116970,116972],{"id":116971},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,116974,116975],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[25,116977,116978,116981,116984],{},[28,116979,116980],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[28,116982,116983],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[28,116985,116986],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,116988,116989],{},"Example with a flat list:",[58,116991,116993],{"className":60,"code":116992,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,116994,116995,117015,117029,117033,117047,117051,117063],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,116996,116997,116999,117001,117003,117005,117007,117009,117011,117013],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,116998,12275],{"class":73},[67,117000,78],{"class":77},[67,117002,82],{"class":81},[67,117004,464],{"class":85},[67,117006,89],{"class":81},[67,117008,3182],{"class":85},[67,117010,89],{"class":81},[67,117012,2639],{"class":85},[67,117014,100],{"class":81},[67,117016,117017,117019,117021,117023,117025,117027],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,117018,14498],{"class":73},[67,117020,78],{"class":77},[67,117022,12350],{"class":73},[67,117024,114],{"class":81},[67,117026,13100],{"class":117},[67,117028,121],{"class":81},[67,117030,117031],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,117032,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,117034,117035,117037,117039,117041,117043,117045],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,117036,14517],{"class":73},[67,117038,114],{"class":81},[67,117040,13739],{"class":117},[67,117042,138],{"class":81},[67,117044,2694],{"class":85},[67,117046,144],{"class":81},[67,117048,117049],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,117050,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,117052,117053,117055,117057,117059,117061],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,117054,135],{"class":134},[67,117056,138],{"class":81},[67,117058,12322],{"class":117},[67,117060,3849],{"class":81},[67,117062,55107],{"class":3852},[67,117064,117065,117067,117069,117071,117073],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,117066,135],{"class":134},[67,117068,138],{"class":81},[67,117070,14517],{"class":117},[67,117072,3849],{"class":81},[67,117074,116544],{"class":3852},[14,117076,117077],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,117079,117080,117081,114],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[45,117082,15075],{"href":57388},[53,117084,117086],{"id":117085},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,117088,117089],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[25,117091,117092,117095,117098],{},[28,117093,117094],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[28,117096,117097],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[28,117099,117100],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,117102,117103],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[58,117105,117107],{"className":60,"code":117106,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[17,117108,117109,117115,117119,117145,117159,117177,117181,117203,117207,117220,117233],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,117110,117111,117113],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,117112,35276],{"class":1167},[67,117114,115878],{"class":73},[67,117116,117117],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,117118,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,117120,117121,117123,117125,117127,117129,117131,117133,117135,117137,117139,117141,117143],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,117122,12275],{"class":73},[67,117124,78],{"class":77},[67,117126,10678],{"class":81},[67,117128,240],{"class":239},[67,117130,16576],{"class":243},[67,117132,240],{"class":239},[67,117134,1161],{"class":81},[67,117136,82],{"class":81},[67,117138,86],{"class":85},[67,117140,89],{"class":81},[67,117142,92],{"class":85},[67,117144,13892],{"class":81},[67,117146,117147,117149,117151,117153,117155,117157],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,117148,115913],{"class":73},[67,117150,78],{"class":77},[67,117152,12350],{"class":73},[67,117154,114],{"class":81},[67,117156,13100],{"class":117},[67,117158,121],{"class":81},[67,117160,117161,117163,117165,117167,117169,117171,117173,117175],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,117162,115933],{"class":73},[67,117164,78],{"class":77},[67,117166,115918],{"class":73},[67,117168,114],{"class":81},[67,117170,115942],{"class":117},[67,117172,138],{"class":81},[67,117174,12322],{"class":117},[67,117176,144],{"class":81},[67,117178,117179],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,117180,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,117182,117183,117185,117187,117189,117191,117193,117195,117197,117199,117201],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,117184,12322],{"class":73},[67,117186,174],{"class":81},[67,117188,240],{"class":239},[67,117190,16576],{"class":243},[67,117192,240],{"class":239},[67,117194,13736],{"class":81},[67,117196,13739],{"class":117},[67,117198,138],{"class":81},[67,117200,37021],{"class":85},[67,117202,144],{"class":81},[67,117204,117205],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,117206,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,117208,117209,117211,117213,117215,117217],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,117210,135],{"class":134},[67,117212,138],{"class":81},[67,117214,12322],{"class":117},[67,117216,3849],{"class":81},[67,117218,117219],{"class":3852},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[67,117221,117222,117224,117226,117228,117230],{"class":69,"line":6628},[67,117223,135],{"class":134},[67,117225,138],{"class":81},[67,117227,115996],{"class":117},[67,117229,3849],{"class":81},[67,117231,117232],{"class":3852},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[67,117234,117235,117237,117239,117241,117243],{"class":69,"line":11783},[67,117236,135],{"class":134},[67,117238,138],{"class":81},[67,117240,116010],{"class":117},[67,117242,3849],{"class":81},[67,117244,117245],{"class":3852},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117247,117248],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[53,117250,117252],{"id":117251},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117254,117255],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[25,117257,117258,117261,117264,117267],{},[28,117259,117260],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[28,117262,117263],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[28,117265,117266],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[28,117268,117269],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117271,117272],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[58,117274,117276],{"className":60,"code":117275,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[17,117277,117278,117286,117294,117298,117306,117310,117322],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,117279,117280,117282,117284],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,117281,2744],{"class":73},[67,117283,78],{"class":77},[67,117285,2777],{"class":85},[67,117287,117288,117290,117292],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,117289,2772],{"class":73},[67,117291,78],{"class":77},[67,117293,36357],{"class":73},[67,117295,117296],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,117297,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,117299,117300,117302,117304],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,117301,2772],{"class":73},[67,117303,78],{"class":77},[67,117305,14801],{"class":85},[67,117307,117308],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,117309,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,117311,117312,117314,117316,117318,117320],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,117313,135],{"class":134},[67,117315,138],{"class":81},[67,117317,45],{"class":117},[67,117319,3849],{"class":81},[67,117321,26983],{"class":3852},[67,117323,117324,117326,117328,117330,117332],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,117325,135],{"class":134},[67,117327,138],{"class":81},[67,117329,428],{"class":117},[67,117331,3849],{"class":81},[67,117333,27803],{"class":3852},[14,117335,93492,117336,117339],{},[45,117337,117338],{"href":12254},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[53,117341,1907],{"id":1906},[14,117343,117344],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[25,117346,117347,117351,117356,117361,117364],{},[28,117348,8604,117349,56952],{},[17,117350,78],{},[28,117352,8604,117353,117355],{},[17,117354,55770],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[28,117357,8604,117358,117360],{},[17,117359,12624],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[28,117362,117363],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[28,117365,117366],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117368,117369],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[58,117371,117373],{"className":60,"code":117372,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[17,117374,117375,117389,117403,117425,117456],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,117376,117377,117379,117381,117383,117385,117387],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,117378,135],{"class":134},[67,117380,138],{"class":81},[67,117382,12275],{"class":117},[67,117384,12383],{"class":1167},[67,117386,14571],{"class":117},[67,117388,144],{"class":81},[67,117390,117391,117393,117395,117397,117399,117401],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,117392,135],{"class":134},[67,117394,138],{"class":81},[67,117396,12275],{"class":117},[67,117398,4878],{"class":77},[67,117400,14571],{"class":117},[67,117402,144],{"class":81},[67,117404,117405,117407,117409,117411,117413,117415,117417,117419,117421,117423],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,117406,135],{"class":134},[67,117408,138],{"class":81},[67,117410,12839],{"class":134},[67,117412,138],{"class":81},[67,117414,12322],{"class":117},[67,117416,9420],{"class":81},[67,117418,15003],{"class":134},[67,117420,138],{"class":81},[67,117422,14517],{"class":117},[67,117424,1426],{"class":81},[67,117426,117427,117429,117431,117433,117435,117437,117439,117441,117444,117446,117448,117450,117452,117454],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,117428,135],{"class":134},[67,117430,138],{"class":81},[67,117432,12839],{"class":134},[67,117434,138],{"class":81},[67,117436,12322],{"class":117},[67,117438,174],{"class":81},[67,117440,1031],{"class":85},[67,117442,117443],{"class":81},"]),",[67,117445,15003],{"class":134},[67,117447,138],{"class":81},[67,117449,14517],{"class":117},[67,117451,174],{"class":81},[67,117453,1031],{"class":85},[67,117455,3189],{"class":81},[67,117457,117458,117460,117462,117464,117466,117468],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,117459,135],{"class":134},[67,117461,138],{"class":81},[67,117463,2011],{"class":362},[67,117465,138],{"class":81},[67,117467,12322],{"class":117},[67,117469,1426],{"class":81},[14,117471,117472],{},"What they tell you:",[25,117474,117475,117480,117485,117490,117500],{},[28,117476,117477,117479],{},[17,117478,12383],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[28,117481,117482,117484],{},[17,117483,4878],{}," checks whether values are equal",[28,117486,117487,117489],{},[17,117488,43668],{}," shows the identity of an object",[28,117491,117492,117493,961,117496,117499],{},"comparing ",[17,117494,117495],{},"id(original[0])",[17,117497,117498],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[28,117501,117502,117504],{},[17,117503,2489],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[53,117506,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,117508,117510],{"id":117509},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117512,117513],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1109,117515,57438],{"id":57353},[14,117517,117518],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1109,117520,117522],{"id":117521},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117524,117525],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1109,117527,117529],{"id":117528},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117531,117532],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1109,117534,117536],{"id":117535},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117538,117539],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[53,117541,2094],{"id":2093},[25,117543,117544,117549,117555,117561,117565],{},[28,117545,117546],{},[45,117547,117548],{"href":12254},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[28,117550,117551],{},[45,117552,3764,117553,946],{"href":55135},[17,117554,55770],{},[28,117556,117557],{},[45,117558,3764,117559,946],{"href":12621},[17,117560,12624],{},[28,117562,117563],{},[45,117564,15152],{"href":57388},[28,117566,117567],{},[45,117568,117569],{"href":58663},"What is a list in Python?",[2122,117571,117572],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":117574},[117575,117576,117577,117578,117579,117580,117585,117586,117587,117588,117589,117590,117597],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":116030,"depth":103,"text":116031},{"id":116051,"depth":103,"text":116052},{"id":116294,"depth":103,"text":116295},{"id":116434,"depth":103,"text":116435},{"id":116550,"depth":103,"text":116551,"children":117581},[117582,117583,117584],{"id":116557,"depth":124,"text":116558},{"id":116626,"depth":124,"text":116627},{"id":116725,"depth":124,"text":116726},{"id":116839,"depth":103,"text":116840},{"id":116971,"depth":103,"text":116972},{"id":117085,"depth":103,"text":117086},{"id":117251,"depth":103,"text":117252},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":117591},[117592,117593,117594,117595,117596],{"id":117509,"depth":124,"text":117510},{"id":57353,"depth":124,"text":57438},{"id":117521,"depth":124,"text":117522},{"id":117528,"depth":124,"text":117529},{"id":117535,"depth":124,"text":117536},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115831,"description":117598},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117604,"title":117605,"body":117606,"description":119463,"extension":2153,"meta":119464,"navigation":127,"path":119465,"seo":119466,"stem":119467,"__hash__":119468},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117607,"toc":119421},[117608,117613,117618,117626,117628,117696,117701,117706,117721,117724,117726,117757,117759,117779,117782,117797,117799,117802,117875,117877,117922,117924,117935,117940,117944,117949,117952,117991,117993,118013,118016,118073,118075,118110,118113,118152,118154,118174,118177,118208,118210,118266,118268,118273,118344,118346,118379,118384,118389,118454,118456,118493,118496,118573,118575,118635,118642,118647,118650,118653,118734,118736,118777,118782,118785,118863,118865,118898,118907,118914,118917,118928,118931,118942,118946,118954,118963,118967,118972,118976,118981,119024,119027,119033,119036,119038,119085,119090,119094,119097,119146,119148,119169,119172,119174,119199,119202,119323,119328,119330,119335,119338,119343,119346,119354,119359,119366,119369,119377,119380,119382,119418],[10,117609,3764,117611,3768],{"id":117610},"python-sorted-function-explained",[17,117612,74405],{},[14,117614,117615,117617],{},[17,117616,74405],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117619,117620,117621,1550,117623,117625],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[17,117622,77848],{},[17,117624,74405],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[53,117627,3798],{"id":3797},[58,117629,117631],{"className":60,"code":117630,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[17,117632,117633,117653,117667,117671,117683],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,117634,117635,117637,117639,117641,117643,117645,117647,117649,117651],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,117636,74],{"class":73},[67,117638,78],{"class":77},[67,117640,82],{"class":81},[67,117642,2251],{"class":85},[67,117644,89],{"class":81},[67,117646,5689],{"class":85},[67,117648,89],{"class":81},[67,117650,3182],{"class":85},[67,117652,100],{"class":81},[67,117654,117655,117657,117659,117661,117663,117665],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,117656,2416],{"class":73},[67,117658,78],{"class":77},[67,117660,74539],{"class":134},[67,117662,138],{"class":81},[67,117664,154],{"class":117},[67,117666,144],{"class":81},[67,117668,117669],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,117670,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,117672,117673,117675,117677,117679,117681],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,117674,135],{"class":134},[67,117676,138],{"class":81},[67,117678,2451],{"class":117},[67,117680,3849],{"class":81},[67,117682,55857],{"class":3852},[67,117684,117685,117687,117689,117691,117693],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,117686,135],{"class":134},[67,117688,138],{"class":81},[67,117690,154],{"class":117},[67,117692,3849],{"class":81},[67,117694,117695],{"class":3852},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117697,117698,117700],{},[17,117699,74405],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[53,117702,3867,117704,3870],{"id":117703},"what-sorted-does",[17,117705,74405],{},[25,117707,117708,117712,117715,117718],{},[28,117709,117710,63094],{},[17,117711,74405],{},[28,117713,117714],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[28,117716,117717],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[28,117719,117720],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117722,117723],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[53,117725,352],{"id":351},[58,117727,117729],{"className":60,"code":117728,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[17,117730,117731],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,117732,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,117734,74495],{"class":134},[67,117736,138],{"class":81},[67,117738,3911],{"class":117},[67,117740,89],{"class":81},[67,117742,21768],{"class":9362},[67,117744,78],{"class":77},[67,117746,1103],{"class":4043},[67,117748,89],{"class":81},[67,117750,78051],{"class":9362},[67,117752,78],{"class":77},[67,117754,3863],{"class":4043},[67,117756,144],{"class":81},[1109,117758,17583],{"id":17582},[25,117760,117761,117766,117771],{},[28,117762,117763,117765],{},[17,117764,3911],{},": the values to sort",[28,117767,117768,117770],{},[17,117769,15028],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[28,117772,117773,117775,117776,117778],{},[17,117774,73558],{},": set to ",[17,117777,3793],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117780,117781],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[58,117783,117785],{"className":60,"code":117784,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"sorted(my_values)\n",[17,117786,117787],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,117788,117789,117791,117793,117795],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,117790,74495],{"class":134},[67,117792,138],{"class":81},[67,117794,60476],{"class":117},[67,117796,144],{"class":81},[53,117798,11663],{"id":11662},[14,117800,117801],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[58,117803,117805],{"className":60,"code":117804,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,117806,117807,117831,117835,117850,117854,117865],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,117808,117809,117811,117813,117815,117817,117819,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,117810,74],{"class":73},[67,117812,78],{"class":77},[67,117814,82],{"class":81},[67,117816,1308],{"class":85},[67,117818,89],{"class":81},[67,117820,3182],{"class":85},[67,117822,89],{"class":81},[67,117824,6552],{"class":85},[67,117826,89],{"class":81},[67,117828,5689],{"class":85},[67,117830,100],{"class":81},[67,117832,117833],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,117834,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,117836,117837,117840,117842,117844,117846,117848],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,117838,117839],{"class":73},"sorted_numbers ",[67,117841,78],{"class":77},[67,117843,74539],{"class":134},[67,117845,138],{"class":81},[67,117847,154],{"class":117},[67,117849,144],{"class":81},[67,117851,117852],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,117853,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,117855,117856,117858,117860,117863],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,117857,135],{"class":134},[67,117859,138],{"class":81},[67,117861,117862],{"class":117},"sorted_numbers",[67,117864,144],{"class":81},[67,117866,117867,117869,117871,117873],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,117868,135],{"class":134},[67,117870,138],{"class":81},[67,117872,154],{"class":117},[67,117874,144],{"class":81},[14,117876,159],{},[58,117878,117880],{"className":60,"code":117879,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[17,117881,117882,117902],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,117883,117884,117886,117888,117890,117892,117894,117896,117898,117900],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,117885,174],{"class":81},[67,117887,464],{"class":85},[67,117889,89],{"class":81},[67,117891,3182],{"class":85},[67,117893,89],{"class":81},[67,117895,4794],{"class":85},[67,117897,89],{"class":81},[67,117899,6552],{"class":85},[67,117901,100],{"class":81},[67,117903,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,117905,174],{"class":81},[67,117907,1308],{"class":85},[67,117909,89],{"class":81},[67,117911,3182],{"class":85},[67,117913,89],{"class":81},[67,117915,6552],{"class":85},[67,117917,89],{"class":81},[67,117919,5689],{"class":85},[67,117921,100],{"class":81},[14,117923,13949],{},[25,117925,117926,117931],{},[28,117927,117928,117930],{},[17,117929,117862],{}," is a new sorted list",[28,117932,117933,112467],{},[17,117934,154],{},[14,117936,117937,117938,114],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[45,117939,78358],{"href":78357},[53,117941,117943],{"id":117942},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,117945,117946,117948],{},[17,117947,74405],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1109,117950,117951],{"id":363},"List",[58,117953,117955],{"className":60,"code":117954,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[17,117956,117957,117977],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,117958,117959,117961,117963,117965,117967,117969,117971,117973,117975],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,117960,74],{"class":73},[67,117962,78],{"class":77},[67,117964,82],{"class":81},[67,117966,2251],{"class":85},[67,117968,89],{"class":81},[67,117970,5689],{"class":85},[67,117972,89],{"class":81},[67,117974,3182],{"class":85},[67,117976,100],{"class":81},[67,117978,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,117980,135],{"class":134},[67,117982,138],{"class":81},[67,117984,74495],{"class":134},[67,117986,138],{"class":81},[67,117988,154],{"class":117},[67,117990,1426],{"class":81},[14,117992,159],{},[58,117994,117995],{"className":60,"code":55321,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,117996,117997],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,117998,117999,118001,118003,118005,118007,118009,118011],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118000,174],{"class":81},[67,118002,464],{"class":85},[67,118004,89],{"class":81},[67,118006,3182],{"class":85},[67,118008,89],{"class":81},[67,118010,2639],{"class":85},[67,118012,100],{"class":81},[1109,118014,118015],{"id":49132},"Tuple",[58,118017,118019],{"className":60,"code":118018,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[17,118020,118021,118041,118055],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118022,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037,118039],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118024,4014],{"class":73},[67,118026,78],{"class":77},[67,118028,9423],{"class":81},[67,118030,2251],{"class":85},[67,118032,89],{"class":81},[67,118034,5689],{"class":85},[67,118036,89],{"class":81},[67,118038,3182],{"class":85},[67,118040,144],{"class":81},[67,118042,118043,118045,118047,118049,118051,118053],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,118044,135],{"class":134},[67,118046,138],{"class":81},[67,118048,74495],{"class":134},[67,118050,138],{"class":81},[67,118052,5549],{"class":117},[67,118054,1426],{"class":81},[67,118056,118057,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,118058,135],{"class":134},[67,118060,138],{"class":81},[67,118062,2011],{"class":362},[67,118064,138],{"class":81},[67,118066,74495],{"class":134},[67,118068,138],{"class":81},[67,118070,5549],{"class":117},[67,118072,3102],{"class":81},[14,118074,159],{},[58,118076,118078],{"className":60,"code":118077,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[17,118079,118080,118096],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118081,118082,118084,118086,118088,118090,118092,118094],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118083,174],{"class":81},[67,118085,464],{"class":85},[67,118087,89],{"class":81},[67,118089,3182],{"class":85},[67,118091,89],{"class":81},[67,118093,2639],{"class":85},[67,118095,100],{"class":81},[67,118097,118098,118100,118102,118104,118106,118108],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,118099,1397],{"class":77},[67,118101,3482],{"class":2254},[67,118103,342],{"class":239},[67,118105,363],{"class":243},[67,118107,333],{"class":239},[67,118109,3491],{"class":77},[1109,118111,118112],{"id":6479},"Set",[58,118114,118116],{"className":60,"code":118115,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[17,118117,118118,118138],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118119,118120,118122,118124,118126,118128,118130,118132,118134,118136],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118121,4014],{"class":73},[67,118123,78],{"class":77},[67,118125,10678],{"class":81},[67,118127,2251],{"class":85},[67,118129,89],{"class":81},[67,118131,5689],{"class":85},[67,118133,89],{"class":81},[67,118135,3182],{"class":85},[67,118137,9496],{"class":81},[67,118139,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,118141,135],{"class":134},[67,118143,138],{"class":81},[67,118145,74495],{"class":134},[67,118147,138],{"class":81},[67,118149,5549],{"class":117},[67,118151,1426],{"class":81},[14,118153,159],{},[58,118155,118156],{"className":60,"code":55321,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,118157,118158],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118159,118160,118162,118164,118166,118168,118170,118172],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118161,174],{"class":81},[67,118163,464],{"class":85},[67,118165,89],{"class":81},[67,118167,3182],{"class":85},[67,118169,89],{"class":81},[67,118171,2639],{"class":85},[67,118173,100],{"class":81},[1109,118175,118176],{"id":61343},"String",[58,118178,118180],{"className":60,"code":118179,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[17,118181,118182,118194],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118183,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118185,34873],{"class":73},[67,118187,78],{"class":77},[67,118189,251],{"class":239},[67,118191,62],{"class":243},[67,118193,3547],{"class":239},[67,118195,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,118197,135],{"class":134},[67,118199,138],{"class":81},[67,118201,74495],{"class":134},[67,118203,138],{"class":81},[67,118205,34894],{"class":117},[67,118207,1426],{"class":81},[14,118209,159],{},[58,118211,118212],{"className":60,"code":79375,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,118213,118214],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118215,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118217,174],{"class":81},[67,118219,333],{"class":239},[67,118221,60607],{"class":243},[67,118223,333],{"class":239},[67,118225,89],{"class":81},[67,118227,342],{"class":239},[67,118229,76011],{"class":243},[67,118231,333],{"class":239},[67,118233,89],{"class":81},[67,118235,342],{"class":239},[67,118237,60642],{"class":243},[67,118239,333],{"class":239},[67,118241,89],{"class":81},[67,118243,342],{"class":239},[67,118245,14],{"class":243},[67,118247,333],{"class":239},[67,118249,89],{"class":81},[67,118251,342],{"class":239},[67,118253,63455],{"class":243},[67,118255,333],{"class":239},[67,118257,89],{"class":81},[67,118259,342],{"class":239},[67,118261,11934],{"class":243},[67,118263,333],{"class":239},[67,118265,100],{"class":81},[1109,118267,29410],{"id":15792},[14,118269,63708,118270,118272],{},[17,118271,74405],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[58,118274,118276],{"className":60,"code":118275,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[17,118277,118278,118330],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118279,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118281,13390],{"class":73},[67,118283,78],{"class":77},[67,118285,10678],{"class":81},[67,118287,240],{"class":239},[67,118289,7860],{"class":243},[67,118291,240],{"class":239},[67,118293,1161],{"class":81},[67,118295,251],{"class":239},[67,118297,986],{"class":243},[67,118299,240],{"class":239},[67,118301,89],{"class":81},[67,118303,251],{"class":239},[67,118305,9486],{"class":243},[67,118307,240],{"class":239},[67,118309,1161],{"class":81},[67,118311,92],{"class":85},[67,118313,89],{"class":81},[67,118315,251],{"class":239},[67,118317,10596],{"class":243},[67,118319,240],{"class":239},[67,118321,1161],{"class":81},[67,118323,251],{"class":239},[67,118325,16218],{"class":243},[67,118327,240],{"class":239},[67,118329,9496],{"class":81},[67,118331,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,118333,135],{"class":134},[67,118335,138],{"class":81},[67,118337,74495],{"class":134},[67,118339,138],{"class":81},[67,118341,17495],{"class":117},[67,118343,1426],{"class":81},[14,118345,159],{},[58,118347,118349],{"className":60,"code":118348,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[17,118350,118351],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118352,118353,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369,118371,118373,118375,118377],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118354,174],{"class":81},[67,118356,333],{"class":239},[67,118358,9486],{"class":243},[67,118360,333],{"class":239},[67,118362,89],{"class":81},[67,118364,342],{"class":239},[67,118366,10596],{"class":243},[67,118368,333],{"class":239},[67,118370,89],{"class":81},[67,118372,342],{"class":239},[67,118374,7860],{"class":243},[67,118376,333],{"class":239},[67,118378,100],{"class":81},[53,118380,8604,118382],{"id":118381},"using-reversetrue",[17,118383,78072],{},[14,118385,185,118386,118388],{},[17,118387,78072],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[58,118390,118392],{"className":60,"code":118391,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[17,118393,118394,118414,118418,118432],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118395,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118397,74],{"class":73},[67,118399,78],{"class":77},[67,118401,82],{"class":81},[67,118403,2251],{"class":85},[67,118405,89],{"class":81},[67,118407,5689],{"class":85},[67,118409,89],{"class":81},[67,118411,3182],{"class":85},[67,118413,100],{"class":81},[67,118415,118416],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,118417,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,118419,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,118421,135],{"class":134},[67,118423,138],{"class":81},[67,118425,74495],{"class":134},[67,118427,138],{"class":81},[67,118429,154],{"class":117},[67,118431,1426],{"class":81},[67,118433,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,118435,135],{"class":134},[67,118437,138],{"class":81},[67,118439,74495],{"class":134},[67,118441,138],{"class":81},[67,118443,154],{"class":117},[67,118445,89],{"class":81},[67,118447,78051],{"class":9362},[67,118449,78],{"class":77},[67,118451,3793],{"class":4043},[67,118453,1426],{"class":81},[14,118455,159],{},[58,118457,118459],{"className":60,"code":118458,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[17,118460,118461,118477],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118462,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118464,174],{"class":81},[67,118466,464],{"class":85},[67,118468,89],{"class":81},[67,118470,3182],{"class":85},[67,118472,89],{"class":81},[67,118474,2639],{"class":85},[67,118476,100],{"class":81},[67,118478,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,118480,174],{"class":81},[67,118482,2251],{"class":85},[67,118484,89],{"class":81},[67,118486,3182],{"class":85},[67,118488,89],{"class":81},[67,118490,5689],{"class":85},[67,118492,100],{"class":81},[14,118494,118495],{},"This also works with strings:",[58,118497,118499],{"className":60,"code":118498,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[17,118500,118501,118533,118537,118551],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118502,118503,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118504,4261],{"class":73},[67,118506,78],{"class":77},[67,118508,82],{"class":81},[67,118510,240],{"class":239},[67,118512,689],{"class":243},[67,118514,240],{"class":239},[67,118516,89],{"class":81},[67,118518,251],{"class":239},[67,118520,698],{"class":243},[67,118522,240],{"class":239},[67,118524,89],{"class":81},[67,118526,251],{"class":239},[67,118528,707],{"class":243},[67,118530,240],{"class":239},[67,118532,100],{"class":81},[67,118534,118535],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,118536,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,118538,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,118540,135],{"class":134},[67,118542,138],{"class":81},[67,118544,74495],{"class":134},[67,118546,138],{"class":81},[67,118548,4302],{"class":117},[67,118550,1426],{"class":81},[67,118552,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567,118569,118571],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,118554,135],{"class":134},[67,118556,138],{"class":81},[67,118558,74495],{"class":134},[67,118560,138],{"class":81},[67,118562,4302],{"class":117},[67,118564,89],{"class":81},[67,118566,78051],{"class":9362},[67,118568,78],{"class":77},[67,118570,3793],{"class":4043},[67,118572,1426],{"class":81},[14,118574,159],{},[58,118576,118577],{"className":60,"code":74139,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,118578,118579,118607],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118580,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118582,174],{"class":81},[67,118584,333],{"class":239},[67,118586,689],{"class":243},[67,118588,333],{"class":239},[67,118590,89],{"class":81},[67,118592,342],{"class":239},[67,118594,698],{"class":243},[67,118596,333],{"class":239},[67,118598,89],{"class":81},[67,118600,342],{"class":239},[67,118602,707],{"class":243},[67,118604,333],{"class":239},[67,118606,100],{"class":81},[67,118608,118609,118611,118613,118615,118617,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,118610,174],{"class":81},[67,118612,333],{"class":239},[67,118614,707],{"class":243},[67,118616,333],{"class":239},[67,118618,89],{"class":81},[67,118620,342],{"class":239},[67,118622,698],{"class":243},[67,118624,333],{"class":239},[67,118626,89],{"class":81},[67,118628,342],{"class":239},[67,118630,689],{"class":243},[67,118632,333],{"class":239},[67,118634,100],{"class":81},[53,118636,8604,118638,118641],{"id":118637},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[17,118639,118640],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118643,379,118644,118646],{},[17,118645,118640],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118648,118649],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118651,118652],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[58,118654,118656],{"className":60,"code":118655,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[17,118657,118658,118698,118702,118724],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118659,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668,118670,118672,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688,118690,118692,118694,118696],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118661,4261],{"class":73},[67,118663,78],{"class":77},[67,118665,82],{"class":81},[67,118667,240],{"class":239},[67,118669,78725],{"class":243},[67,118671,240],{"class":239},[67,118673,89],{"class":81},[67,118675,251],{"class":239},[67,118677,38538],{"class":243},[67,118679,240],{"class":239},[67,118681,89],{"class":81},[67,118683,251],{"class":239},[67,118685,698],{"class":243},[67,118687,240],{"class":239},[67,118689,89],{"class":81},[67,118691,251],{"class":239},[67,118693,38521],{"class":243},[67,118695,240],{"class":239},[67,118697,100],{"class":81},[67,118699,118700],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,118701,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,118703,118704,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,118705,2416],{"class":73},[67,118707,78],{"class":77},[67,118709,74539],{"class":134},[67,118711,138],{"class":81},[67,118713,4302],{"class":117},[67,118715,89],{"class":81},[67,118717,21768],{"class":9362},[67,118719,78],{"class":77},[67,118721,1964],{"class":134},[67,118723,144],{"class":81},[67,118725,118726,118728,118730,118732],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,118727,135],{"class":134},[67,118729,138],{"class":81},[67,118731,2451],{"class":117},[67,118733,144],{"class":81},[14,118735,159],{},[58,118737,118739],{"className":60,"code":118738,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[17,118740,118741],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118742,118743,118745,118747,118749,118751,118753,118755,118757,118759,118761,118763,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118744,174],{"class":81},[67,118746,333],{"class":239},[67,118748,38538],{"class":243},[67,118750,333],{"class":239},[67,118752,89],{"class":81},[67,118754,342],{"class":239},[67,118756,78725],{"class":243},[67,118758,333],{"class":239},[67,118760,89],{"class":81},[67,118762,342],{"class":239},[67,118764,38521],{"class":243},[67,118766,333],{"class":239},[67,118768,89],{"class":81},[67,118770,342],{"class":239},[67,118772,698],{"class":243},[67,118774,333],{"class":239},[67,118776,100],{"class":81},[14,118778,20959,118779,118781],{},[17,118780,1964],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118783,118784],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[58,118786,118788],{"className":60,"code":118787,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[17,118789,118790,118823,118827,118853],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118791,118792,118794,118796,118798,118800,118802,118804,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816,118819,118821],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118793,4261],{"class":73},[67,118795,78],{"class":77},[67,118797,82],{"class":81},[67,118799,240],{"class":239},[67,118801,83344],{"class":243},[67,118803,240],{"class":239},[67,118805,89],{"class":81},[67,118807,251],{"class":239},[67,118809,689],{"class":243},[67,118811,240],{"class":239},[67,118813,89],{"class":81},[67,118815,251],{"class":239},[67,118817,118818],{"class":243},"Cherry",[67,118820,240],{"class":239},[67,118822,100],{"class":81},[67,118824,118825],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,118826,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,118828,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,118830,2416],{"class":73},[67,118832,78],{"class":77},[67,118834,74539],{"class":134},[67,118836,138],{"class":81},[67,118838,4302],{"class":117},[67,118840,89],{"class":81},[67,118842,21768],{"class":9362},[67,118844,78],{"class":77},[67,118846,1526],{"class":362},[67,118848,114],{"class":81},[67,118850,8827],{"class":24938},[67,118852,144],{"class":81},[67,118854,118855,118857,118859,118861],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,118856,135],{"class":134},[67,118858,138],{"class":81},[67,118860,2451],{"class":117},[67,118862,144],{"class":81},[14,118864,159],{},[58,118866,118868],{"className":60,"code":118867,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[17,118869,118870],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118871,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894,118896],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118873,174],{"class":81},[67,118875,333],{"class":239},[67,118877,689],{"class":243},[67,118879,333],{"class":239},[67,118881,89],{"class":81},[67,118883,342],{"class":239},[67,118885,83344],{"class":243},[67,118887,333],{"class":239},[67,118889,89],{"class":81},[67,118891,342],{"class":239},[67,118893,118818],{"class":243},[67,118895,333],{"class":239},[67,118897,100],{"class":81},[14,118899,118900,118901,35515,118903,114],{},"You can learn more about ",[17,118902,1339],{},[45,118904,3764,118905,3697],{"href":42538},[17,118906,1339],{},[53,118908,118910,10773,118912],{"id":118909},"sorted-vs-listsort",[17,118911,74405],{},[17,118913,77848],{},[14,118915,118916],{},"The main difference is this:",[25,118918,118919,118924],{},[28,118920,118921,118923],{},[17,118922,74405],{}," returns a new list",[28,118925,118926,73943],{},[17,118927,77848],{},[14,118929,118930],{},"Also:",[25,118932,118933,118938],{},[28,118934,118935,118937],{},[17,118936,74405],{}," works with many iterables",[28,118939,118940,79281],{},[17,118941,77848],{},[14,118943,185,118944,1671],{},[17,118945,74405],{},[25,118947,118948,118951],{},[28,118949,118950],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[28,118952,118953],{},"your data is not a list",[14,118955,118956,118957,114],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[45,118958,3764,118959,10773,118961,5975],{"href":79106},[17,118960,74405],{},[17,118962,77848],{},[53,118964,118966],{"id":118965},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,118968,118969,118970,114],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[17,118971,74405],{},[1109,118973,118975],{"id":118974},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,118977,118978,118979,1161],{},"This can raise a ",[17,118980,1519],{},[58,118982,118984],{"className":60,"code":118983,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[17,118985,118986,119010],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,118987,118988,118990,118992,118994,118996,118998,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,118989,4014],{"class":73},[67,118991,78],{"class":77},[67,118993,82],{"class":81},[67,118995,464],{"class":85},[67,118997,89],{"class":81},[67,118999,251],{"class":239},[67,119001,2245],{"class":243},[67,119003,240],{"class":239},[67,119005,89],{"class":81},[67,119007,2639],{"class":85},[67,119009,100],{"class":81},[67,119011,119012,119014,119016,119018,119020,119022],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,119013,135],{"class":134},[67,119015,138],{"class":81},[67,119017,74495],{"class":134},[67,119019,138],{"class":81},[67,119021,5549],{"class":117},[67,119023,1426],{"class":81},[14,119025,119026],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1109,119028,119030,119031,2490],{"id":119029},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[17,119032,15028],{},[14,119034,119035],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,119037,222],{},[58,119039,119041],{"className":60,"code":119040,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[17,119042,119043,119063],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,119044,119045,119047,119049,119051,119053,119055,119057,119059,119061],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,119046,74],{"class":73},[67,119048,78],{"class":77},[67,119050,82],{"class":81},[67,119052,86],{"class":85},[67,119054,89],{"class":81},[67,119056,3182],{"class":85},[67,119058,89],{"class":81},[67,119060,97],{"class":85},[67,119062,100],{"class":81},[67,119064,119065,119067,119069,119071,119073,119075,119077,119079,119081,119083],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,119066,135],{"class":134},[67,119068,138],{"class":81},[67,119070,74495],{"class":134},[67,119072,138],{"class":81},[67,119074,154],{"class":117},[67,119076,89],{"class":81},[67,119078,21768],{"class":9362},[67,119080,78],{"class":77},[67,119082,1964],{"class":134},[67,119084,1426],{"class":81},[14,119086,48689,119087,119089],{},[17,119088,1339],{}," does not work on integers.",[1109,119091,119093],{"id":119092},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,119095,119096],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[58,119098,119100],{"className":60,"code":119099,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,119101,119102,119122,119132,119136],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,119103,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118,119120],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,119105,74],{"class":73},[67,119107,78],{"class":77},[67,119109,82],{"class":81},[67,119111,2251],{"class":85},[67,119113,89],{"class":81},[67,119115,5689],{"class":85},[67,119117,89],{"class":81},[67,119119,3182],{"class":85},[67,119121,100],{"class":81},[67,119123,119124,119126,119128,119130],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,119125,74495],{"class":134},[67,119127,138],{"class":81},[67,119129,154],{"class":117},[67,119131,144],{"class":81},[67,119133,119134],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,119135,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,119137,119138,119140,119142,119144],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,119139,135],{"class":134},[67,119141,138],{"class":81},[67,119143,154],{"class":117},[67,119145,144],{"class":81},[14,119147,159],{},[58,119149,119151],{"className":60,"code":119150,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[17,119152,119153],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,119154,119155,119157,119159,119161,119163,119165,119167],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,119156,174],{"class":81},[67,119158,2251],{"class":85},[67,119160,89],{"class":81},[67,119162,5689],{"class":85},[67,119164,89],{"class":81},[67,119166,3182],{"class":85},[67,119168,100],{"class":81},[14,119170,119171],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[53,119173,1907],{"id":1906},[25,119175,119176,119180,119183,119188,119192],{},[28,119177,4768,119178,73943],{},[17,119179,74405],{},[28,119181,119182],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[28,119184,4894,119185,119187],{},[17,119186,74405],{}," always returns a list",[28,119189,8604,119190,23293],{},[17,119191,118640],{},[28,119193,29837,119194,119196,119197],{},[17,119195,64480],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[17,119198,74405],{},[14,119200,119201],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[58,119203,119205],{"className":60,"code":119204,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[17,119206,119207,119229,119255,119293],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,119208,119209,119211,119213,119215,119217,119219,119221,119223,119225,119227],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,119210,135],{"class":134},[67,119212,138],{"class":81},[67,119214,74495],{"class":134},[67,119216,370],{"class":81},[67,119218,2251],{"class":85},[67,119220,89],{"class":81},[67,119222,5689],{"class":85},[67,119224,89],{"class":81},[67,119226,3182],{"class":85},[67,119228,3189],{"class":81},[67,119230,119231,119233,119235,119237,119239,119241,119243,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,119232,135],{"class":134},[67,119234,138],{"class":81},[67,119236,2011],{"class":362},[67,119238,138],{"class":81},[67,119240,74495],{"class":134},[67,119242,5702],{"class":81},[67,119244,2251],{"class":85},[67,119246,89],{"class":81},[67,119248,5689],{"class":85},[67,119250,89],{"class":81},[67,119252,3182],{"class":85},[67,119254,93348],{"class":81},[67,119256,119257,119259,119261,119263,119265,119267,119269,119271,119273,119275,119277,119279,119281,119283,119285,119287,119289,119291],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,119258,135],{"class":134},[67,119260,138],{"class":81},[67,119262,74495],{"class":134},[67,119264,370],{"class":81},[67,119266,333],{"class":239},[67,119268,83344],{"class":243},[67,119270,333],{"class":239},[67,119272,89],{"class":81},[67,119274,342],{"class":239},[67,119276,689],{"class":243},[67,119278,333],{"class":239},[67,119280,18249],{"class":81},[67,119282,21768],{"class":9362},[67,119284,78],{"class":77},[67,119286,1526],{"class":362},[67,119288,114],{"class":81},[67,119290,8827],{"class":24938},[67,119292,1426],{"class":81},[67,119294,119295,119297,119299,119301,119303,119305,119307,119309,119311,119313,119315,119317,119319,119321],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,119296,135],{"class":134},[67,119298,138],{"class":81},[67,119300,74495],{"class":134},[67,119302,370],{"class":81},[67,119304,2251],{"class":85},[67,119306,89],{"class":81},[67,119308,5689],{"class":85},[67,119310,89],{"class":81},[67,119312,3182],{"class":85},[67,119314,18249],{"class":81},[67,119316,78051],{"class":9362},[67,119318,78],{"class":77},[67,119320,3793],{"class":4043},[67,119322,1426],{"class":81},[14,119324,119325,119326,114],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[45,119327,531],{"href":530},[53,119329,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,119331,12894,119333,57332],{"id":119332},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[17,119334,74405],{},[14,119336,119337],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1109,119339,5331,119341,12906],{"id":119340},"what-does-sorted-return",[17,119342,74405],{},[14,119344,119345],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1109,119347,119349,119350,11279,119352,2681],{"id":119348},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[17,119351,74405],{},[17,119353,77848],{},[14,119355,185,119356,119358],{},[17,119357,74405],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1109,119360,5331,119362,86432,119364,2681],{"id":119361},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[17,119363,118640],{},[17,119365,74405],{},[14,119367,119368],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1109,119370,5347,119372,119374,119375,2681],{"id":119371},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[17,119373,74405],{}," give a ",[17,119376,1519],{},[14,119378,119379],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[53,119381,2094],{"id":2093},[25,119383,119384,119388,119396,119400,119406,119412],{},[28,119385,119386],{},[45,119387,79854],{"href":78357},[28,119389,119390],{},[45,119391,3764,119392,10773,119394,5975],{"href":79106},[17,119393,74405],{},[17,119395,77848],{},[28,119397,119398],{},[45,119399,531],{"href":530},[28,119401,119402],{},[45,119403,3764,119404,3697],{"href":42538},[17,119405,1339],{},[28,119407,119408],{},[45,119409,3764,119410,3697],{"href":92004},[17,119411,35935],{},[28,119413,119414],{},[45,119415,3764,119416,3697],{"href":36377},[17,119417,36380],{},[2122,119419,119420],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":119422},[119423,119424,119426,119429,119430,119437,119439,119441,119443,119449,119450,119462],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":117703,"depth":103,"text":119425},"What sorted() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352,"children":119427},[119428],{"id":17582,"depth":124,"text":17583},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":117942,"depth":103,"text":117943,"children":119431},[119432,119433,119434,119435,119436],{"id":363,"depth":124,"text":117951},{"id":49132,"depth":124,"text":118015},{"id":6479,"depth":124,"text":118112},{"id":61343,"depth":124,"text":118176},{"id":15792,"depth":124,"text":29410},{"id":118381,"depth":103,"text":119438},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118637,"depth":103,"text":119440},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118909,"depth":103,"text":119442},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118965,"depth":103,"text":118966,"children":119444},[119445,119446,119448],{"id":118974,"depth":124,"text":118975},{"id":119029,"depth":124,"text":119447},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119092,"depth":124,"text":119093},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":119451},[119452,119454,119456,119458,119460],{"id":119332,"depth":124,"text":119453},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119340,"depth":124,"text":119455},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119348,"depth":124,"text":119457},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119361,"depth":124,"text":119459},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119371,"depth":124,"text":119461},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117605,"description":119463},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119470,"title":119471,"body":119472,"description":121583,"extension":2153,"meta":121584,"navigation":127,"path":79106,"seo":121585,"stem":121586,"__hash__":121587},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119473,"toc":121530},[119474,119481,119484,119494,119500,119503,119521,119529,119531,119590,119598,119602,119624,119628,119632,119634,119651,119653,119665,119671,119755,119759,119806,119812,119819,119823,119828,119830,119842,119847,119900,119904,119924,119931,119938,119942,119945,119964,119968,120082,120086,120156,120158,120170,120175,120179,120192,120196,120271,120275,120314,120321,120327,120332,120336,120350,120354,120419,120423,120456,120459,120464,120472,120479,120492,120495,120499,120582,120586,120623,120627,120730,120734,120795,120800,120807,120811,120814,120820,120823,120890,120894,120918,120920,120938,120945,120998,121002,121022,121028,121030,121087,121094,121120,121125,121130,121138,121144,121204,121208,121255,121258,121260,121263,121289,121292,121385,121387,121407,121411,121414,121432,121438,121440,121448,121453,121460,121463,121469,121472,121478,121486,121494,121499,121501,121527],[10,119475,3764,119477,10773,119479,93062],{"id":119476},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[17,119478,74405],{},[17,119480,77848],{},[14,119482,119483],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[25,119485,119486,119490],{},[28,119487,119488],{},[17,119489,74405],{},[28,119491,119492],{},[17,119493,77848],{},[14,119495,119496,119497,119499],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[3934,119498,4820],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119501,119502],{},"The main difference is simple:",[25,119504,119505,119513],{},[28,119506,185,119507,119509,119510],{},[17,119508,74405],{}," when you want a ",[3934,119511,119512],{},"new sorted result",[28,119514,185,119515,119517,119518],{},[17,119516,77848],{}," when you want to ",[3934,119519,119520],{},"change the original list",[14,119522,119523,119524,2584,119526,119528],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[17,119525,77848],{},[17,119527,1103],{}," and causes confusion.",[53,119530,3798],{"id":3797},[58,119532,119534],{"className":60,"code":119533,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[17,119535,119536,119556,119560,119577],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,119537,119538,119540,119542,119544,119546,119548,119550,119552,119554],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,119539,74],{"class":73},[67,119541,78],{"class":77},[67,119543,82],{"class":81},[67,119545,2251],{"class":85},[67,119547,89],{"class":81},[67,119549,5689],{"class":85},[67,119551,89],{"class":81},[67,119553,3182],{"class":85},[67,119555,100],{"class":81},[67,119557,119558],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,119559,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,119561,119562,119564,119566,119568,119570,119572,119574],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,119563,56059],{"class":73},[67,119565,78],{"class":77},[67,119567,74539],{"class":134},[67,119569,138],{"class":81},[67,119571,154],{"class":117},[67,119573,3849],{"class":81},[67,119575,119576],{"class":3852},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[67,119578,119579,119581,119583,119585,119587],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,119580,154],{"class":73},[67,119582,114],{"class":81},[67,119584,34984],{"class":117},[67,119586,7557],{"class":81},[67,119588,119589],{"class":3852},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119591,185,119592,119594,119595,119597],{},[17,119593,74405],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[17,119596,77848],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[53,119599,119601],{"id":119600},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[25,119603,119604,119609,119614,119621],{},[28,119605,185,119606,119608],{},[17,119607,74405],{}," to get a new sorted list",[28,119610,185,119611,119613],{},[17,119612,77848],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[28,119615,119616,119617,2584,119619],{},"Understand why ",[17,119618,77848],{},[17,119620,1103],{},[28,119622,119623],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[53,119625,3867,119626,3870],{"id":117703},[17,119627,74405],{},[14,119629,119630,63094],{},[17,119631,74405],{},[14,119633,49106],{},[25,119635,119636,119642,119648],{},[28,119637,119638,119639],{},"returns a ",[3934,119640,119641],{},"new list",[28,119643,119644,119645,119647],{},"does ",[3934,119646,4820],{}," change the original data",[28,119649,119650],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119652,51310],{},[25,119654,119655,119657,119659,119661,119663],{},[28,119656,5490],{},[28,119658,5493],{},[28,119660,5499],{},[28,119662,5496],{},[28,119664,36095],{},[1109,119666,35263,119668,119670],{"id":119667},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[17,119669,74405],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[58,119672,119674],{"className":60,"code":119673,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[17,119675,119676,119696,119700,119714,119718,119736],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,119677,119678,119680,119682,119684,119686,119688,119690,119692,119694],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,119679,74],{"class":73},[67,119681,78],{"class":77},[67,119683,82],{"class":81},[67,119685,2251],{"class":85},[67,119687,89],{"class":81},[67,119689,5689],{"class":85},[67,119691,89],{"class":81},[67,119693,3182],{"class":85},[67,119695,100],{"class":81},[67,119697,119698],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,119699,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,119701,119702,119704,119706,119708,119710,119712],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,119703,2416],{"class":73},[67,119705,78],{"class":77},[67,119707,74539],{"class":134},[67,119709,138],{"class":81},[67,119711,154],{"class":117},[67,119713,144],{"class":81},[67,119715,119716],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,119717,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,119719,119720,119722,119724,119726,119728,119730,119732,119734],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,119721,135],{"class":134},[67,119723,138],{"class":81},[67,119725,240],{"class":239},[67,119727,12343],{"class":243},[67,119729,240],{"class":239},[67,119731,89],{"class":81},[67,119733,111],{"class":117},[67,119735,144],{"class":81},[67,119737,119738,119740,119742,119744,119747,119749,119751,119753],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,119739,135],{"class":134},[67,119741,138],{"class":81},[67,119743,240],{"class":239},[67,119745,119746],{"class":243},"sorted result:",[67,119748,240],{"class":239},[67,119750,89],{"class":81},[67,119752,81198],{"class":117},[67,119754,144],{"class":81},[14,119756,119757],{},[3934,119758,159],{},[58,119760,119762],{"className":60,"code":119761,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,119763,119764,119784],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,119765,119766,119768,119770,119772,119774,119776,119778,119780,119782],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,119767,12322],{"class":73},[67,119769,1161],{"class":81},[67,119771,82],{"class":81},[67,119773,2251],{"class":85},[67,119775,89],{"class":81},[67,119777,5689],{"class":85},[67,119779,89],{"class":81},[67,119781,3182],{"class":85},[67,119783,100],{"class":81},[67,119785,119786,119788,119790,119792,119794,119796,119798,119800,119802,119804],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,119787,74495],{"class":134},[67,119789,81198],{"class":73},[67,119791,1161],{"class":81},[67,119793,82],{"class":81},[67,119795,464],{"class":85},[67,119797,89],{"class":81},[67,119799,3182],{"class":85},[67,119801,89],{"class":81},[67,119803,2639],{"class":85},[67,119805,100],{"class":81},[14,119807,119808,119809,119811],{},"The important part is that ",[17,119810,154],{}," stays the same.",[14,119813,119814,119815,114],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[45,119816,3764,119817,3697],{"href":74502},[17,119818,74405],{},[53,119820,3867,119821,3870],{"id":77914},[17,119822,77848],{},[14,119824,119825,119827],{},[17,119826,64480],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119829,49106],{},[25,119831,119832,119835,119838],{},[28,119833,119834],{},"changes the original list directly",[28,119836,119837],{},"only works on lists",[28,119839,3882,119840],{},[17,119841,1103],{},[1109,119843,35263,119845,73943],{"id":119844},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[17,119846,77848],{},[58,119848,119850],{"className":60,"code":119849,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,119851,119852,119872,119876,119886,119890],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,119853,119854,119856,119858,119860,119862,119864,119866,119868,119870],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,119855,74],{"class":73},[67,119857,78],{"class":77},[67,119859,82],{"class":81},[67,119861,2251],{"class":85},[67,119863,89],{"class":81},[67,119865,5689],{"class":85},[67,119867,89],{"class":81},[67,119869,3182],{"class":85},[67,119871,100],{"class":81},[67,119873,119874],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,119875,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,119877,119878,119880,119882,119884],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,119879,154],{"class":73},[67,119881,114],{"class":81},[67,119883,34984],{"class":117},[67,119885,121],{"class":81},[67,119887,119888],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,119889,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,119891,119892,119894,119896,119898],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,119893,135],{"class":134},[67,119895,138],{"class":81},[67,119897,154],{"class":117},[67,119899,144],{"class":81},[14,119901,119902],{},[3934,119903,159],{},[58,119905,119906],{"className":60,"code":55321,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,119907,119908],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,119909,119910,119912,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,119911,174],{"class":81},[67,119913,464],{"class":85},[67,119915,89],{"class":81},[67,119917,3182],{"class":85},[67,119919,89],{"class":81},[67,119921,2639],{"class":85},[67,119923,100],{"class":81},[14,119925,119926,119927,119930],{},"After calling ",[17,119928,119929],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,119932,119933,119934,114],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[45,119935,3764,119936,946],{"href":74756},[17,119937,77848],{},[53,119939,119941],{"id":119940},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,119943,119944],{},"Here is the core difference:",[25,119946,119947,119956],{},[28,119948,119949,119952,119953],{},[17,119950,119951],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[3934,119954,119955],{},"new sorted list",[28,119957,119958,119961,119962,74313],{},[17,119959,119960],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[17,119963,1953],{},[1109,119965,119967],{"id":119966},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[58,119969,119971],{"className":60,"code":119970,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[17,119972,119973,119993,119997,120011,120030,120049,120053,120063],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,119974,119975,119977,119979,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989,119991],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,119976,74],{"class":73},[67,119978,78],{"class":77},[67,119980,82],{"class":81},[67,119982,1308],{"class":85},[67,119984,89],{"class":81},[67,119986,3182],{"class":85},[67,119988,89],{"class":81},[67,119990,2645],{"class":85},[67,119992,100],{"class":81},[67,119994,119995],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,119996,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,119998,119999,120001,120003,120005,120007,120009],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,120000,2744],{"class":73},[67,120002,78],{"class":77},[67,120004,74539],{"class":134},[67,120006,138],{"class":81},[67,120008,154],{"class":117},[67,120010,144],{"class":81},[67,120012,120013,120015,120017,120019,120022,120024,120026,120028],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,120014,135],{"class":134},[67,120016,138],{"class":81},[67,120018,240],{"class":239},[67,120020,120021],{"class":243},"numbers after sorted():",[67,120023,240],{"class":239},[67,120025,89],{"class":81},[67,120027,111],{"class":117},[67,120029,144],{"class":81},[67,120031,120032,120034,120036,120038,120041,120043,120045,120047],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,120033,135],{"class":134},[67,120035,138],{"class":81},[67,120037,240],{"class":239},[67,120039,120040],{"class":243},"a:",[67,120042,240],{"class":239},[67,120044,89],{"class":81},[67,120046,57056],{"class":117},[67,120048,144],{"class":81},[67,120050,120051],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,120052,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,120054,120055,120057,120059,120061],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,120056,154],{"class":73},[67,120058,114],{"class":81},[67,120060,34984],{"class":117},[67,120062,121],{"class":81},[67,120064,120065,120067,120069,120071,120074,120076,120078,120080],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,120066,135],{"class":134},[67,120068,138],{"class":81},[67,120070,240],{"class":239},[67,120072,120073],{"class":243},"numbers after sort():",[67,120075,240],{"class":239},[67,120077,89],{"class":81},[67,120079,111],{"class":117},[67,120081,144],{"class":81},[14,120083,120084],{},[3934,120085,159],{},[58,120087,120089],{"className":60,"code":120088,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[17,120090,120091,120114,120134],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,120092,120093,120096,120098,120100,120102,120104,120106,120108,120110,120112],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,120094,120095],{"class":73},"numbers after ",[67,120097,74495],{"class":134},[67,120099,29771],{"class":81},[67,120101,82],{"class":81},[67,120103,1308],{"class":85},[67,120105,89],{"class":81},[67,120107,3182],{"class":85},[67,120109,89],{"class":81},[67,120111,2645],{"class":85},[67,120113,100],{"class":81},[67,120115,120116,120118,120120,120122,120124,120126,120128,120130,120132],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,120117,45],{"class":73},[67,120119,1161],{"class":81},[67,120121,82],{"class":81},[67,120123,2245],{"class":85},[67,120125,89],{"class":81},[67,120127,2645],{"class":85},[67,120129,89],{"class":81},[67,120131,4794],{"class":85},[67,120133,100],{"class":81},[67,120135,120136,120138,120140,120142,120144,120146,120148,120150,120152,120154],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,120137,120095],{"class":73},[67,120139,34984],{"class":117},[67,120141,29771],{"class":81},[67,120143,82],{"class":81},[67,120145,2245],{"class":85},[67,120147,89],{"class":81},[67,120149,2645],{"class":85},[67,120151,89],{"class":81},[67,120153,4794],{"class":85},[67,120155,100],{"class":81},[14,120157,10900],{},[25,120159,120160,120165],{},[28,120161,120162,120164],{},[17,120163,74405],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[28,120166,120167,120169],{},[17,120168,64480],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[53,120171,5151,120173],{"id":120172},"when-to-use-sorted",[17,120174,74405],{},[14,120176,185,120177,1671],{},[17,120178,74405],{},[25,120180,120181,120184,120186,120189],{},[28,120182,120183],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[28,120185,118953],{},[28,120187,120188],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[28,120190,120191],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1109,120193,120195],{"id":120194},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[58,120197,120199],{"className":60,"code":120198,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,120200,120201,120225,120229,120243,120247,120257],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,120202,120203,120205,120207,120209,120211,120213,120215,120217,120219,120221,120223],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,120204,74],{"class":73},[67,120206,78],{"class":77},[67,120208,9423],{"class":81},[67,120210,2694],{"class":85},[67,120212,89],{"class":81},[67,120214,5689],{"class":85},[67,120216,89],{"class":81},[67,120218,2639],{"class":85},[67,120220,89],{"class":81},[67,120222,3182],{"class":85},[67,120224,144],{"class":81},[67,120226,120227],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,120228,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,120230,120231,120233,120235,120237,120239,120241],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,120232,2416],{"class":73},[67,120234,78],{"class":77},[67,120236,74539],{"class":134},[67,120238,138],{"class":81},[67,120240,154],{"class":117},[67,120242,144],{"class":81},[67,120244,120245],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,120246,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,120248,120249,120251,120253,120255],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,120250,135],{"class":134},[67,120252,138],{"class":81},[67,120254,2451],{"class":117},[67,120256,144],{"class":81},[67,120258,120259,120261,120263,120265,120267,120269],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,120260,135],{"class":134},[67,120262,138],{"class":81},[67,120264,2011],{"class":362},[67,120266,138],{"class":81},[67,120268,2451],{"class":117},[67,120270,1426],{"class":81},[14,120272,120273],{},[3934,120274,159],{},[58,120276,120278],{"className":60,"code":120277,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[17,120279,120280,120300],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,120281,120282,120284,120286,120288,120290,120292,120294,120296,120298],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,120283,174],{"class":81},[67,120285,464],{"class":85},[67,120287,89],{"class":81},[67,120289,3182],{"class":85},[67,120291,89],{"class":81},[67,120293,2639],{"class":85},[67,120295,89],{"class":81},[67,120297,2645],{"class":85},[67,120299,100],{"class":81},[67,120301,120302,120304,120306,120308,120310,120312],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,120303,1397],{"class":77},[67,120305,3482],{"class":2254},[67,120307,342],{"class":239},[67,120309,363],{"class":243},[67,120311,333],{"class":239},[67,120313,3491],{"class":77},[14,120315,2473,120316,120318,120319,114],{},[17,120317,74405],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[3934,120320,363],{},[14,120322,120323,120324,120326],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[45,120325,531],{"href":530}," is a helpful next step.",[53,120328,5151,120330],{"id":120329},"when-to-use-listsort",[17,120331,77848],{},[14,120333,185,120334,1671],{},[17,120335,77848],{},[25,120337,120338,120341,120344,120347],{},[28,120339,120340],{},"you already have a list",[28,120342,120343],{},"you want to update that list directly",[28,120345,120346],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[28,120348,120349],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1109,120351,120353],{"id":120352},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[58,120355,120357],{"className":60,"code":120356,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[17,120358,120359,120391,120395,120405,120409],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,120360,120361,120363,120365,120367,120369,120371,120373,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,120362,977],{"class":73},[67,120364,78],{"class":77},[67,120366,82],{"class":81},[67,120368,240],{"class":239},[67,120370,5211],{"class":243},[67,120372,240],{"class":239},[67,120374,89],{"class":81},[67,120376,251],{"class":239},[67,120378,5193],{"class":243},[67,120380,240],{"class":239},[67,120382,89],{"class":81},[67,120384,251],{"class":239},[67,120386,5202],{"class":243},[67,120388,240],{"class":239},[67,120390,100],{"class":81},[67,120392,120393],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,120394,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,120396,120397,120399,120401,120403],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,120398,1057],{"class":73},[67,120400,114],{"class":81},[67,120402,34984],{"class":117},[67,120404,121],{"class":81},[67,120406,120407],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,120408,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,120410,120411,120413,120415,120417],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,120412,135],{"class":134},[67,120414,138],{"class":81},[67,120416,1057],{"class":117},[67,120418,144],{"class":81},[14,120420,120421],{},[3934,120422,159],{},[58,120424,120426],{"className":60,"code":120425,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[17,120427,120428],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,120429,120430,120432,120434,120436,120438,120440,120442,120444,120446,120448,120450,120452,120454],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,120431,174],{"class":81},[67,120433,333],{"class":239},[67,120435,5193],{"class":243},[67,120437,333],{"class":239},[67,120439,89],{"class":81},[67,120441,342],{"class":239},[67,120443,5202],{"class":243},[67,120445,333],{"class":239},[67,120447,89],{"class":81},[67,120449,342],{"class":239},[67,120451,5211],{"class":243},[67,120453,333],{"class":239},[67,120455,100],{"class":81},[14,120457,120458],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120460,120461,120462,114],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[45,120463,79854],{"href":78357},[53,120465,120467,961,120469,120471],{"id":120466},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[17,120468,73558],{},[17,120470,15028],{}," work with both",[14,120473,10778,120474,961,120476,120478],{},[17,120475,74405],{},[17,120477,77848],{}," support:",[25,120480,120481,120486],{},[28,120482,120483,120485],{},[17,120484,78072],{}," for descending order",[28,120487,120488,120491],{},[17,120489,120490],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120493,120494],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1109,120496,120498],{"id":120497},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[58,120500,120502],{"className":60,"code":120501,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,120503,120504,120524,120528,120550,120554,120572],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,120505,120506,120508,120510,120512,120514,120516,120518,120520,120522],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,120507,74],{"class":73},[67,120509,78],{"class":77},[67,120511,82],{"class":81},[67,120513,2251],{"class":85},[67,120515,89],{"class":81},[67,120517,5689],{"class":85},[67,120519,89],{"class":81},[67,120521,3182],{"class":85},[67,120523,100],{"class":81},[67,120525,120526],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,120527,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,120529,120530,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546,120548],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,120531,135],{"class":134},[67,120533,138],{"class":81},[67,120535,74495],{"class":134},[67,120537,138],{"class":81},[67,120539,154],{"class":117},[67,120541,89],{"class":81},[67,120543,78051],{"class":9362},[67,120545,78],{"class":77},[67,120547,3793],{"class":4043},[67,120549,1426],{"class":81},[67,120551,120552],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,120553,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,120555,120556,120558,120560,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,120557,154],{"class":73},[67,120559,114],{"class":81},[67,120561,34984],{"class":117},[67,120563,138],{"class":81},[67,120565,73558],{"class":9362},[67,120567,78],{"class":77},[67,120569,3793],{"class":4043},[67,120571,144],{"class":81},[67,120573,120574,120576,120578,120580],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,120575,135],{"class":134},[67,120577,138],{"class":81},[67,120579,154],{"class":117},[67,120581,144],{"class":81},[14,120583,120584],{},[3934,120585,159],{},[58,120587,120589],{"className":60,"code":120588,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[17,120590,120591,120607],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,120592,120593,120595,120597,120599,120601,120603,120605],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,120594,174],{"class":81},[67,120596,2251],{"class":85},[67,120598,89],{"class":81},[67,120600,3182],{"class":85},[67,120602,89],{"class":81},[67,120604,5689],{"class":85},[67,120606,100],{"class":81},[67,120608,120609,120611,120613,120615,120617,120619,120621],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,120610,174],{"class":81},[67,120612,2251],{"class":85},[67,120614,89],{"class":81},[67,120616,3182],{"class":85},[67,120618,89],{"class":81},[67,120620,5689],{"class":85},[67,120622,100],{"class":81},[1109,120624,120626],{"id":120625},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[58,120628,120630],{"className":60,"code":120629,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[17,120631,120632,120664,120668,120694,120698,120720],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,120633,120634,120636,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646,120648,120650,120652,120654,120656,120658,120660,120662],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,120635,4261],{"class":73},[67,120637,78],{"class":77},[67,120639,82],{"class":81},[67,120641,240],{"class":239},[67,120643,83344],{"class":243},[67,120645,240],{"class":239},[67,120647,89],{"class":81},[67,120649,251],{"class":239},[67,120651,689],{"class":243},[67,120653,240],{"class":239},[67,120655,89],{"class":81},[67,120657,251],{"class":239},[67,120659,118818],{"class":243},[67,120661,240],{"class":239},[67,120663,100],{"class":81},[67,120665,120666],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,120667,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,120669,120670,120672,120674,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684,120686,120688,120690,120692],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,120671,135],{"class":134},[67,120673,138],{"class":81},[67,120675,74495],{"class":134},[67,120677,138],{"class":81},[67,120679,4302],{"class":117},[67,120681,89],{"class":81},[67,120683,21768],{"class":9362},[67,120685,78],{"class":77},[67,120687,1526],{"class":362},[67,120689,114],{"class":81},[67,120691,8827],{"class":24938},[67,120693,1426],{"class":81},[67,120695,120696],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,120697,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,120699,120700,120702,120704,120706,120708,120710,120712,120714,120716,120718],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,120701,4302],{"class":73},[67,120703,114],{"class":81},[67,120705,34984],{"class":117},[67,120707,138],{"class":81},[67,120709,15028],{"class":9362},[67,120711,78],{"class":77},[67,120713,1526],{"class":362},[67,120715,114],{"class":81},[67,120717,8827],{"class":24938},[67,120719,144],{"class":81},[67,120721,120722,120724,120726,120728],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,120723,135],{"class":134},[67,120725,138],{"class":81},[67,120727,4302],{"class":117},[67,120729,144],{"class":81},[14,120731,120732],{},[3934,120733,159],{},[58,120735,120737],{"className":60,"code":120736,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[17,120738,120739,120767],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,120740,120741,120743,120745,120747,120749,120751,120753,120755,120757,120759,120761,120763,120765],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,120742,174],{"class":81},[67,120744,333],{"class":239},[67,120746,689],{"class":243},[67,120748,333],{"class":239},[67,120750,89],{"class":81},[67,120752,342],{"class":239},[67,120754,83344],{"class":243},[67,120756,333],{"class":239},[67,120758,89],{"class":81},[67,120760,342],{"class":239},[67,120762,118818],{"class":243},[67,120764,333],{"class":239},[67,120766,100],{"class":81},[67,120768,120769,120771,120773,120775,120777,120779,120781,120783,120785,120787,120789,120791,120793],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,120770,174],{"class":81},[67,120772,333],{"class":239},[67,120774,689],{"class":243},[67,120776,333],{"class":239},[67,120778,89],{"class":81},[67,120780,342],{"class":239},[67,120782,83344],{"class":243},[67,120784,333],{"class":239},[67,120786,89],{"class":81},[67,120788,342],{"class":239},[67,120790,118818],{"class":243},[67,120792,333],{"class":239},[67,120794,100],{"class":81},[14,120796,8604,120797,120799],{},[17,120798,78566],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120801,120802,120803,114],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[45,120804,120806],{"href":120805},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[53,120808,120810],{"id":120809},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120812,120813],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1109,120815,120817,120818,12787],{"id":120816},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[17,120819,77848],{},[14,120821,120822],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[58,120824,120826],{"className":60,"code":120825,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,120827,120828,120848,120852,120866,120870,120880],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,120829,120830,120832,120834,120836,120838,120840,120842,120844,120846],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,120831,74],{"class":73},[67,120833,78],{"class":77},[67,120835,82],{"class":81},[67,120837,2251],{"class":85},[67,120839,89],{"class":81},[67,120841,5689],{"class":85},[67,120843,89],{"class":81},[67,120845,3182],{"class":85},[67,120847,100],{"class":81},[67,120849,120850],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,120851,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,120853,120854,120856,120858,120860,120862,120864],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,120855,2416],{"class":73},[67,120857,78],{"class":77},[67,120859,111],{"class":73},[67,120861,114],{"class":81},[67,120863,34984],{"class":117},[67,120865,121],{"class":81},[67,120867,120868],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,120869,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,120871,120872,120874,120876,120878],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,120873,135],{"class":134},[67,120875,138],{"class":81},[67,120877,2451],{"class":117},[67,120879,144],{"class":81},[67,120881,120882,120884,120886,120888],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,120883,135],{"class":134},[67,120885,138],{"class":81},[67,120887,154],{"class":117},[67,120889,144],{"class":81},[14,120891,120892],{},[3934,120893,159],{},[58,120895,120896],{"className":60,"code":79189,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,120897,120898,120902],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,120899,120900],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,120901,11997],{"class":4043},[67,120903,120904,120906,120908,120910,120912,120914,120916],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,120905,174],{"class":81},[67,120907,464],{"class":85},[67,120909,89],{"class":81},[67,120911,3182],{"class":85},[67,120913,89],{"class":81},[67,120915,2639],{"class":85},[67,120917,100],{"class":81},[14,120919,12089],{},[25,120921,120922,120927,120932],{},[28,120923,120924,120926],{},[17,120925,119929],{}," sorts the list in place",[28,120928,35200,120929,120931],{},[3934,120930,4820],{}," return the sorted list",[28,120933,89968,120934,42335,120936],{},[17,120935,2451],{},[17,120937,1103],{},[1109,120939,120941,120942,120944],{"id":120940},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[17,120943,74405],{}," to change the original list",[58,120946,120948],{"className":60,"code":120947,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,120949,120950,120970,120974,120984,120988],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,120951,120952,120954,120956,120958,120960,120962,120964,120966,120968],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,120953,74],{"class":73},[67,120955,78],{"class":77},[67,120957,82],{"class":81},[67,120959,2251],{"class":85},[67,120961,89],{"class":81},[67,120963,5689],{"class":85},[67,120965,89],{"class":81},[67,120967,3182],{"class":85},[67,120969,100],{"class":81},[67,120971,120972],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,120973,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,120975,120976,120978,120980,120982],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,120977,74495],{"class":134},[67,120979,138],{"class":81},[67,120981,154],{"class":117},[67,120983,144],{"class":81},[67,120985,120986],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,120987,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,120989,120990,120992,120994,120996],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,120991,135],{"class":134},[67,120993,138],{"class":81},[67,120995,154],{"class":117},[67,120997,144],{"class":81},[14,120999,121000],{},[3934,121001,159],{},[58,121003,121004],{"className":60,"code":119150,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,121005,121006],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,121007,121008,121010,121012,121014,121016,121018,121020],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,121009,174],{"class":81},[67,121011,2251],{"class":85},[67,121013,89],{"class":81},[67,121015,5689],{"class":85},[67,121017,89],{"class":81},[67,121019,3182],{"class":85},[67,121021,100],{"class":81},[14,121023,121024,121027],{},[17,121025,121026],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,121029,10994],{},[58,121031,121033],{"className":60,"code":121032,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[17,121034,121035,121055,121059,121073,121077],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,121036,121037,121039,121041,121043,121045,121047,121049,121051,121053],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,121038,74],{"class":73},[67,121040,78],{"class":77},[67,121042,82],{"class":81},[67,121044,2251],{"class":85},[67,121046,89],{"class":81},[67,121048,5689],{"class":85},[67,121050,89],{"class":81},[67,121052,3182],{"class":85},[67,121054,100],{"class":81},[67,121056,121057],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,121058,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,121060,121061,121063,121065,121067,121069,121071],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,121062,55811],{"class":73},[67,121064,78],{"class":77},[67,121066,74539],{"class":134},[67,121068,138],{"class":81},[67,121070,154],{"class":117},[67,121072,144],{"class":81},[67,121074,121075],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,121076,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,121078,121079,121081,121083,121085],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,121080,135],{"class":134},[67,121082,138],{"class":81},[67,121084,55830],{"class":117},[67,121086,144],{"class":81},[1109,121088,121090,121091,121093],{"id":121089},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[17,121092,64480],{}," on a tuple or string",[58,121095,121096],{"className":60,"code":79291,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,121097,121098,121110],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,121099,121100,121102,121104,121106,121108],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,121101,34873],{"class":73},[67,121103,78],{"class":77},[67,121105,251],{"class":239},[67,121107,62],{"class":243},[67,121109,3547],{"class":239},[67,121111,121112,121114,121116,121118],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,121113,34894],{"class":73},[67,121115,114],{"class":81},[67,121117,34984],{"class":117},[67,121119,121],{"class":81},[14,121121,121122,121123,33785],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[17,121124,64480],{},[14,121126,121127,121129],{},[17,121128,64480],{}," only works on lists.",[14,121131,121132,121133,121135,121136,114],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[17,121134,74405],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[45,121137,5325],{"href":5778},[1109,121139,121141,121142,119187],{"id":121140},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[17,121143,74405],{},[58,121145,121147],{"className":60,"code":121146,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,121148,121149,121162,121176,121180,121190],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,121150,121151,121153,121155,121157,121160],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,121152,34873],{"class":73},[67,121154,78],{"class":77},[67,121156,251],{"class":239},[67,121158,121159],{"class":243},"cab",[67,121161,3547],{"class":239},[67,121163,121164,121166,121168,121170,121172,121174],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,121165,2416],{"class":73},[67,121167,78],{"class":77},[67,121169,74539],{"class":134},[67,121171,138],{"class":81},[67,121173,34894],{"class":117},[67,121175,144],{"class":81},[67,121177,121178],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,121179,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,121181,121182,121184,121186,121188],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,121183,135],{"class":134},[67,121185,138],{"class":81},[67,121187,2451],{"class":117},[67,121189,144],{"class":81},[67,121191,121192,121194,121196,121198,121200,121202],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,121193,135],{"class":134},[67,121195,138],{"class":81},[67,121197,2011],{"class":362},[67,121199,138],{"class":81},[67,121201,2451],{"class":117},[67,121203,1426],{"class":81},[14,121205,121206],{},[3934,121207,159],{},[58,121209,121211],{"className":60,"code":121210,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[17,121212,121213,121241],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,121214,121215,121217,121219,121221,121223,121225,121227,121229,121231,121233,121235,121237,121239],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,121216,174],{"class":81},[67,121218,333],{"class":239},[67,121220,45],{"class":243},[67,121222,333],{"class":239},[67,121224,89],{"class":81},[67,121226,342],{"class":239},[67,121228,428],{"class":243},[67,121230,333],{"class":239},[67,121232,89],{"class":81},[67,121234,342],{"class":239},[67,121236,437],{"class":243},[67,121238,333],{"class":239},[67,121240,100],{"class":81},[67,121242,121243,121245,121247,121249,121251,121253],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,121244,1397],{"class":77},[67,121246,3482],{"class":2254},[67,121248,342],{"class":239},[67,121250,363],{"class":243},[67,121252,333],{"class":239},[67,121254,3491],{"class":77},[14,121256,121257],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[53,121259,113708],{"id":113707},[14,121261,121262],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[25,121264,121265,121268,121273,121278,121284],{},[28,121266,121267],{},"confusing a function with a method",[28,121269,121270,121271,53819],{},"not knowing that ",[17,121272,64480],{},[28,121274,121275,121276,12787],{},"assigning the result of ",[17,121277,77848],{},[28,121279,121280,121281,121283],{},"trying to use ",[17,121282,64480],{}," on non-list data types",[28,121285,50683,121286,121288],{},[17,121287,74405],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121290,121291],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[58,121293,121295],{"className":60,"code":121294,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[17,121296,121297,121307,121321,121346,121361,121371],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,121298,121299,121301,121303,121305],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,121300,135],{"class":134},[67,121302,138],{"class":81},[67,121304,1953],{"class":117},[67,121306,144],{"class":81},[67,121308,121309,121311,121313,121315,121317,121319],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,121310,135],{"class":134},[67,121312,138],{"class":81},[67,121314,74495],{"class":134},[67,121316,138],{"class":81},[67,121318,1953],{"class":117},[67,121320,1426],{"class":81},[67,121322,121323,121325,121327,121329,121331,121333,121335,121338,121340,121342,121344],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,121324,2416],{"class":73},[67,121326,78],{"class":77},[67,121328,8582],{"class":73},[67,121330,114],{"class":81},[67,121332,34984],{"class":117},[67,121334,7557],{"class":81},[67,121336,121337],{"class":73},"; ",[67,121339,135],{"class":134},[67,121341,138],{"class":81},[67,121343,2451],{"class":117},[67,121345,144],{"class":81},[67,121347,121348,121350,121352,121354,121356,121359],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,121349,135],{"class":134},[67,121351,138],{"class":81},[67,121353,2011],{"class":362},[67,121355,138],{"class":81},[67,121357,121358],{"class":117},"my_data",[67,121360,1426],{"class":81},[67,121362,121363,121365,121367,121369],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,121364,32337],{"class":134},[67,121366,138],{"class":81},[67,121368,74495],{"class":134},[67,121370,144],{"class":81},[67,121372,121373,121375,121377,121379,121381,121383],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,121374,32337],{"class":134},[67,121376,138],{"class":81},[67,121378,363],{"class":362},[67,121380,114],{"class":81},[67,121382,34984],{"class":24938},[67,121384,144],{"class":81},[14,121386,84354],{},[25,121388,121389,121392,121396,121404],{},[28,121390,121391],{},"whether your original list changed",[28,121393,26208,121394,11894],{},[17,121395,74405],{},[28,121397,121398,121399,121401,121402],{},"whether ",[17,121400,64480],{}," returned ",[17,121403,1103],{},[28,121405,121406],{},"what type of object you are working with",[53,121408,121410],{"id":121409},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121412,121413],{},"Use this rule:",[25,121415,121416,121424],{},[28,121417,121418,121419,121421,121422],{},"Need a ",[3934,121420,119512],{},": use ",[17,121423,74405],{},[28,121425,121426,121427,121421,121430],{},"Need to ",[3934,121428,121429],{},"change one list directly",[17,121431,77848],{},[14,121433,121434,121435,121437],{},"For many beginners, ",[17,121436,74405],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[53,121439,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,121441,121443,121444,3068,121446,2681],{"id":121442},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[17,121445,74405],{},[17,121447,77848],{},[14,121449,121450,121452],{},[17,121451,74405],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1109,121454,5347,121456,5350,121458,2681],{"id":121455},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[17,121457,77848],{},[17,121459,1103],{},[14,121461,121462],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1109,121464,5359,121466,121468],{"id":121465},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[17,121467,74405],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121470,121471],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1109,121473,28516,121475,121477],{"id":121474},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[17,121476,64480],{}," on a string?",[14,121479,46543,121480,121482,121483,40108],{},[17,121481,64480],{}," is a list method. Use ",[17,121484,121485],{},"sorted(string)",[1109,121487,12008,121489,961,121491,121493],{"id":121488},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[17,121490,74405],{},[17,121492,64480],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121495,121496,121497,114],{},"Yes. Both support ",[17,121498,78072],{},[53,121500,2094],{"id":2093},[25,121502,121503,121509,121515,121519,121523],{},[28,121504,121505],{},[45,121506,3764,121507,3697],{"href":74502},[17,121508,74405],{},[28,121510,121511],{},[45,121512,3764,121513,946],{"href":74756},[17,121514,77848],{},[28,121516,121517],{},[45,121518,79854],{"href":78357},[28,121520,121521],{},[45,121522,120806],{"href":120805},[28,121524,121525],{},[45,121526,531],{"href":530},[2122,121528,121529],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":121531},[121532,121533,121534,121538,121542,121545,121549,121553,121558,121568,121569,121570,121582],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":119600,"depth":103,"text":119601},{"id":117703,"depth":103,"text":119425,"children":121535},[121536],{"id":119667,"depth":124,"text":121537},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77914,"depth":103,"text":79876,"children":121539},[121540],{"id":119844,"depth":124,"text":121541},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119940,"depth":103,"text":119941,"children":121543},[121544],{"id":119966,"depth":124,"text":119967},{"id":120172,"depth":103,"text":121546,"children":121547},"When to use sorted()",[121548],{"id":120194,"depth":124,"text":120195},{"id":120329,"depth":103,"text":121550,"children":121551},"When to use list.sort()",[121552],{"id":120352,"depth":124,"text":120353},{"id":120466,"depth":103,"text":121554,"children":121555},"reverse and key work with both",[121556,121557],{"id":120497,"depth":124,"text":120498},{"id":120625,"depth":124,"text":120626},{"id":120809,"depth":103,"text":120810,"children":121559},[121560,121562,121564,121566],{"id":120816,"depth":124,"text":121561},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120940,"depth":124,"text":121563},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121089,"depth":124,"text":121565},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121140,"depth":124,"text":121567},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113707,"depth":103,"text":113708},{"id":121409,"depth":103,"text":121410},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":121571},[121572,121574,121576,121578,121580],{"id":121442,"depth":124,"text":121573},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121455,"depth":124,"text":121575},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121465,"depth":124,"text":121577},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121474,"depth":124,"text":121579},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121488,"depth":124,"text":121581},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119471,"description":121583},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121589,"title":42356,"body":121590,"description":123322,"extension":2153,"meta":123323,"navigation":127,"path":123324,"seo":123325,"stem":123326,"__hash__":123327},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121591,"toc":123279},[121592,121597,121602,121608,121610,121665,121669,121692,121697,121702,121707,121709,121740,121743,121757,121759,121761,121776,121781,121785,121788,121839,121843,121857,121864,121868,121872,121927,121931,121954,121958,122014,122018,122041,122045,122100,122104,122127,122131,122198,122202,122237,122243,122248,122253,122255,122269,122271,122345,122349,122369,122374,122381,122384,122396,122398,122467,122471,122508,122511,122536,122543,122552,122555,122567,122573,122579,122581,122587,122592,122671,122675,122716,122720,122722,122749,122752,122775,122778,122784,122787,122824,122836,122843,122845,122896,122899,122931,122934,122936,122943,122945,122960,122962,123019,123023,123047,123049,123054,123070,123077,123081,123084,123167,123177,123179,123184,123187,123193,123196,123202,123205,123211,123214,123221,123229,123231,123276],[10,121593,3764,121595,3768],{"id":121594},"python-str-function-explained",[17,121596,47862],{},[14,121598,32502,121599,121601],{},[17,121600,47862],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121603,121604,121605,121607],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[17,121606,47862],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[53,121609,56],{"id":55},[58,121611,121613],{"className":60,"code":121612,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,121614,121615,121623,121637,121641,121651],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,121616,121617,121619,121621],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,121618,21817],{"class":73},[67,121620,78],{"class":77},[67,121622,45405],{"class":85},[67,121624,121625,121627,121629,121631,121633,121635],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,121626,34873],{"class":73},[67,121628,78],{"class":77},[67,121630,49083],{"class":362},[67,121632,138],{"class":81},[67,121634,9486],{"class":117},[67,121636,144],{"class":81},[67,121638,121639],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,121640,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,121642,121643,121645,121647,121649],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,121644,135],{"class":134},[67,121646,138],{"class":81},[67,121648,34894],{"class":117},[67,121650,144],{"class":81},[67,121652,121653,121655,121657,121659,121661,121663],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,121654,135],{"class":134},[67,121656,138],{"class":81},[67,121658,2011],{"class":362},[67,121660,138],{"class":81},[67,121662,34894],{"class":117},[67,121664,1426],{"class":81},[14,121666,121667],{},[3934,121668,159],{},[58,121670,121672],{"className":60,"code":121671,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,121673,121674,121678],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,121675,121676],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,121677,2899],{"class":85},[67,121679,121680,121682,121684,121686,121688,121690],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,121681,1397],{"class":77},[67,121683,3482],{"class":2254},[67,121685,342],{"class":239},[67,121687,1526],{"class":243},[67,121689,333],{"class":239},[67,121691,3491],{"class":77},[14,121693,185,121694,121696],{},[17,121695,47862],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[53,121698,3867,121700,3870],{"id":121699},"what-str-does",[17,121701,47862],{},[14,121703,121704,121706],{},[17,121705,47862],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121708,2296],{},[25,121710,121711,121718,121725,121732],{},[28,121712,121713,121714,42335,121716],{},"An integer like ",[17,121715,86],{},[17,121717,42306],{},[28,121719,121720,121721,42335,121723],{},"A float like ",[17,121722,40322],{},[17,121724,48273],{},[28,121726,121727,121728,42335,121730],{},"A boolean like ",[17,121729,3793],{},[17,121731,6833],{},[28,121733,121734,121735,42335,121737],{},"A list like ",[17,121736,75227],{},[17,121738,121739],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121741,121742],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[25,121744,121745,121748,121751,121754],{},[28,121746,121747],{},"print it",[28,121749,121750],{},"combine it with other strings",[28,121752,121753],{},"save it to a file",[28,121755,121756],{},"use it in messages",[53,121758,352],{"id":351},[14,121760,7409],{},[58,121762,121764],{"className":60,"code":121763,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"str(object)\n",[17,121765,121766],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,121767,121768,121770,121772,121774],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,121769,1526],{"class":362},[67,121771,138],{"class":81},[67,121773,42578],{"class":362},[67,121775,144],{"class":81},[14,121777,20959,121778,121780],{},[17,121779,42578],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121782,121783,8413],{},[17,121784,47862],{},[14,121786,121787],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[58,121789,121791],{"className":60,"code":121790,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[17,121792,121793,121802,121825,121829],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,121794,121795,121797,121799],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,121796,5284],{"class":73},[67,121798,78],{"class":77},[67,121800,121801],{"class":85}," 100\n",[67,121803,121804,121806,121808,121810,121813,121815,121817,121819,121821,121823],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,121805,89988],{"class":73},[67,121807,78],{"class":77},[67,121809,251],{"class":239},[67,121811,121812],{"class":243},"Your score is ",[67,121814,240],{"class":239},[67,121816,2642],{"class":77},[67,121818,49083],{"class":362},[67,121820,138],{"class":81},[67,121822,85501],{"class":117},[67,121824,144],{"class":81},[67,121826,121827],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,121828,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,121830,121831,121833,121835,121837],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,121832,135],{"class":134},[67,121834,138],{"class":81},[67,121836,90005],{"class":117},[67,121838,144],{"class":81},[14,121840,121841],{},[3934,121842,159],{},[58,121844,121846],{"className":60,"code":121845,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Your score is 100\n",[17,121847,121848],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,121849,121850,121853,121855],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,121851,121852],{"class":73},"Your score ",[67,121854,12383],{"class":77},[67,121856,121801],{"class":85},[14,121858,2483,121859,121863],{},[45,121860,121861,2490],{"href":2486},[17,121862,2489],{}," can help you check.",[53,121865,121867],{"id":121866},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1109,121869,121871],{"id":121870},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[58,121873,121875],{"className":60,"code":121874,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,121876,121877,121885,121899,121903,121913],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,121878,121879,121881,121883],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,121880,2403],{"class":73},[67,121882,78],{"class":77},[67,121884,2777],{"class":85},[67,121886,121887,121889,121891,121893,121895,121897],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,121888,34873],{"class":73},[67,121890,78],{"class":77},[67,121892,49083],{"class":362},[67,121894,138],{"class":81},[67,121896,2426],{"class":117},[67,121898,144],{"class":81},[67,121900,121901],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,121902,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,121904,121905,121907,121909,121911],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,121906,135],{"class":134},[67,121908,138],{"class":81},[67,121910,34894],{"class":117},[67,121912,144],{"class":81},[67,121914,121915,121917,121919,121921,121923,121925],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,121916,135],{"class":134},[67,121918,138],{"class":81},[67,121920,2011],{"class":362},[67,121922,138],{"class":81},[67,121924,34894],{"class":117},[67,121926,1426],{"class":81},[14,121928,121929],{},[3934,121930,159],{},[58,121932,121934],{"className":60,"code":121933,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,121935,121936,121940],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,121937,121938],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,121939,2563],{"class":85},[67,121941,121942,121944,121946,121948,121950,121952],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,121943,1397],{"class":77},[67,121945,3482],{"class":2254},[67,121947,342],{"class":239},[67,121949,1526],{"class":243},[67,121951,333],{"class":239},[67,121953,3491],{"class":77},[1109,121955,121957],{"id":121956},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[58,121959,121961],{"className":60,"code":121960,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,121962,121963,121972,121986,121990,122000],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,121964,121965,121967,121969],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,121966,40566],{"class":73},[67,121968,78],{"class":77},[67,121970,121971],{"class":85}," 3.14\n",[67,121973,121974,121976,121978,121980,121982,121984],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,121975,34873],{"class":73},[67,121977,78],{"class":77},[67,121979,49083],{"class":362},[67,121981,138],{"class":81},[67,121983,25338],{"class":117},[67,121985,144],{"class":81},[67,121987,121988],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,121989,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,121991,121992,121994,121996,121998],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,121993,135],{"class":134},[67,121995,138],{"class":81},[67,121997,34894],{"class":117},[67,121999,144],{"class":81},[67,122001,122002,122004,122006,122008,122010,122012],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,122003,135],{"class":134},[67,122005,138],{"class":81},[67,122007,2011],{"class":362},[67,122009,138],{"class":81},[67,122011,34894],{"class":117},[67,122013,1426],{"class":81},[14,122015,122016],{},[3934,122017,159],{},[58,122019,122021],{"className":60,"code":122020,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,122022,122023,122027],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122024,122025],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122026,40356],{"class":85},[67,122028,122029,122031,122033,122035,122037,122039],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,122030,1397],{"class":77},[67,122032,3482],{"class":2254},[67,122034,342],{"class":239},[67,122036,1526],{"class":243},[67,122038,333],{"class":239},[67,122040,3491],{"class":77},[1109,122042,122044],{"id":122043},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[58,122046,122048],{"className":60,"code":122047,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,122049,122050,122058,122072,122076,122086],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122051,122052,122054,122056],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122053,2634],{"class":73},[67,122055,78],{"class":77},[67,122057,6614],{"class":4043},[67,122059,122060,122062,122064,122066,122068,122070],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,122061,34873],{"class":73},[67,122063,78],{"class":77},[67,122065,49083],{"class":362},[67,122067,138],{"class":81},[67,122069,2661],{"class":117},[67,122071,144],{"class":81},[67,122073,122074],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,122075,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,122077,122078,122080,122082,122084],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,122079,135],{"class":134},[67,122081,138],{"class":81},[67,122083,34894],{"class":117},[67,122085,144],{"class":81},[67,122087,122088,122090,122092,122094,122096,122098],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,122089,135],{"class":134},[67,122091,138],{"class":81},[67,122093,2011],{"class":362},[67,122095,138],{"class":81},[67,122097,34894],{"class":117},[67,122099,1426],{"class":81},[14,122101,122102],{},[3934,122103,159],{},[58,122105,122107],{"className":60,"code":122106,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,122108,122109,122113],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122110,122111],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122112,4170],{"class":4043},[67,122114,122115,122117,122119,122121,122123,122125],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,122116,1397],{"class":77},[67,122118,3482],{"class":2254},[67,122120,342],{"class":239},[67,122122,1526],{"class":243},[67,122124,333],{"class":239},[67,122126,3491],{"class":77},[1109,122128,122130],{"id":122129},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[58,122132,122134],{"className":60,"code":122133,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,122135,122136,122156,122170,122174,122184],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122137,122138,122140,122142,122144,122146,122148,122150,122152,122154],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122139,1131],{"class":73},[67,122141,78],{"class":77},[67,122143,82],{"class":81},[67,122145,464],{"class":85},[67,122147,89],{"class":81},[67,122149,3182],{"class":85},[67,122151,89],{"class":81},[67,122153,2639],{"class":85},[67,122155,100],{"class":81},[67,122157,122158,122160,122162,122164,122166,122168],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,122159,34873],{"class":73},[67,122161,78],{"class":77},[67,122163,49083],{"class":362},[67,122165,138],{"class":81},[67,122167,1141],{"class":117},[67,122169,144],{"class":81},[67,122171,122172],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,122173,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,122175,122176,122178,122180,122182],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,122177,135],{"class":134},[67,122179,138],{"class":81},[67,122181,34894],{"class":117},[67,122183,144],{"class":81},[67,122185,122186,122188,122190,122192,122194,122196],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,122187,135],{"class":134},[67,122189,138],{"class":81},[67,122191,2011],{"class":362},[67,122193,138],{"class":81},[67,122195,34894],{"class":117},[67,122197,1426],{"class":81},[14,122199,122200],{},[3934,122201,159],{},[58,122203,122205],{"className":60,"code":122204,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,122206,122207,122223],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122208,122209,122211,122213,122215,122217,122219,122221],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122210,174],{"class":81},[67,122212,464],{"class":85},[67,122214,89],{"class":81},[67,122216,3182],{"class":85},[67,122218,89],{"class":81},[67,122220,2639],{"class":85},[67,122222,100],{"class":81},[67,122224,122225,122227,122229,122231,122233,122235],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,122226,1397],{"class":77},[67,122228,3482],{"class":2254},[67,122230,342],{"class":239},[67,122232,1526],{"class":243},[67,122234,333],{"class":239},[67,122236,3491],{"class":77},[14,122238,122239,122240,122242],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[3934,122241,4820],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[53,122244,5151,122246],{"id":122245},"when-to-use-str",[17,122247,47862],{},[14,122249,185,122250,122252],{},[17,122251,47862],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122254,36606],{},[25,122256,122257,122260,122263,122266],{},[28,122258,122259],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[28,122261,122262],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[28,122264,122265],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[28,122267,122268],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122270,222],{},[58,122272,122274],{"className":60,"code":122273,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[17,122275,122276,122288,122296,122300,122335],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122277,122278,122280,122282,122284,122286],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122279,8065],{"class":73},[67,122281,78],{"class":77},[67,122283,251],{"class":239},[67,122285,11697],{"class":243},[67,122287,3547],{"class":239},[67,122289,122290,122292,122294],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,122291,21817],{"class":73},[67,122293,78],{"class":77},[67,122295,45405],{"class":85},[67,122297,122298],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,122299,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,122301,122302,122304,122306,122308,122310,122312,122314,122316,122318,122320,122322,122324,122326,122328,122330,122333],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,122303,89988],{"class":73},[67,122305,78],{"class":77},[67,122307,36152],{"class":73},[67,122309,2248],{"class":77},[67,122311,251],{"class":239},[67,122313,4973],{"class":243},[67,122315,240],{"class":239},[67,122317,2642],{"class":77},[67,122319,49083],{"class":362},[67,122321,138],{"class":81},[67,122323,9486],{"class":117},[67,122325,3849],{"class":81},[67,122327,2642],{"class":77},[67,122329,251],{"class":239},[67,122331,122332],{"class":243}," years old.",[67,122334,3547],{"class":239},[67,122336,122337,122339,122341,122343],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,122338,135],{"class":134},[67,122340,138],{"class":81},[67,122342,90005],{"class":117},[67,122344,144],{"class":81},[14,122346,122347],{},[3934,122348,159],{},[58,122350,122352],{"className":60,"code":122351,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[17,122353,122354],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122355,122356,122359,122361,122363,122366],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122357,122358],{"class":73},"Maya ",[67,122360,12383],{"class":77},[67,122362,9493],{"class":85},[67,122364,122365],{"class":73}," years old",[67,122367,122368],{"class":81},".\n",[14,122370,122371,122372,114],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[45,122373,89674],{"href":89673},[53,122375,122377,10773,122379],{"id":122376},"str-vs-print",[17,122378,47862],{},[17,122380,46630],{},[14,122382,122383],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[25,122385,122386,122391],{},[28,122387,122388,122390],{},[17,122389,47862],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[28,122392,122393,122395],{},[17,122394,46630],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122397,222],{},[58,122399,122401],{"className":60,"code":122400,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,122402,122403,122411,122415,122429,122439,122453],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122404,122405,122407,122409],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122406,2634],{"class":73},[67,122408,78],{"class":77},[67,122410,2959],{"class":85},[67,122412,122413],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,122414,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,122416,122417,122419,122421,122423,122425,122427],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,122418,34873],{"class":73},[67,122420,78],{"class":77},[67,122422,49083],{"class":362},[67,122424,138],{"class":81},[67,122426,2661],{"class":117},[67,122428,144],{"class":81},[67,122430,122431,122433,122435,122437],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,122432,135],{"class":134},[67,122434,138],{"class":81},[67,122436,34894],{"class":117},[67,122438,144],{"class":81},[67,122440,122441,122443,122445,122447,122449,122451],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,122442,135],{"class":134},[67,122444,138],{"class":81},[67,122446,2011],{"class":362},[67,122448,138],{"class":81},[67,122450,34894],{"class":117},[67,122452,1426],{"class":81},[67,122454,122455,122457,122459,122461,122463,122465],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,122456,135],{"class":134},[67,122458,138],{"class":81},[67,122460,2011],{"class":362},[67,122462,138],{"class":81},[67,122464,2661],{"class":117},[67,122466,1426],{"class":81},[14,122468,122469],{},[3934,122470,159],{},[58,122472,122474],{"className":60,"code":122473,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,122475,122476,122480,122494],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122477,122478],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122479,46790],{"class":85},[67,122481,122482,122484,122486,122488,122490,122492],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,122483,1397],{"class":77},[67,122485,3482],{"class":2254},[67,122487,342],{"class":239},[67,122489,1526],{"class":243},[67,122491,333],{"class":239},[67,122493,3491],{"class":77},[67,122495,122496,122498,122500,122502,122504,122506],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,122497,1397],{"class":77},[67,122499,3482],{"class":2254},[67,122501,342],{"class":239},[67,122503,2376],{"class":243},[67,122505,333],{"class":239},[67,122507,3491],{"class":77},[14,122509,122510],{},"Notice:",[25,122512,122513,122519,122524],{},[28,122514,122515,122518],{},[17,122516,122517],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[28,122520,122521,122523],{},[17,122522,46630],{}," only displayed values",[28,122525,122526,122528,122529,122531,122532,61470,122534],{},[17,122527,46630],{}," did not change ",[17,122530,2661],{}," from ",[17,122533,2376],{},[17,122535,1526],{},[14,122537,122538,122539,114],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[45,122540,122541,2490],{"href":46627},[17,122542,46630],{},[53,122544,122546,10773,122548,122551],{"id":122545},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[17,122547,47862],{},[17,122549,122550],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122553,122554],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[25,122556,122557,122562],{},[28,122558,122559,122561],{},[17,122560,47862],{}," is the more readable text version",[28,122563,122564,122566],{},[17,122565,122550],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122568,122569,122570,122572],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[17,122571,47862],{}," much more often.",[14,122574,122575,122576,122578],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[17,122577,47862],{}," is usually the right choice.",[53,122580,4707],{"id":4706},[1109,122582,25963,122584,122586],{"id":122583},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[17,122585,47862],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122588,122589,122591],{},[17,122590,47862],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[58,122593,122595],{"className":60,"code":122594,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,122596,122597,122605,122619,122623,122633,122647,122657],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122598,122599,122601,122603],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122600,21817],{"class":73},[67,122602,78],{"class":77},[67,122604,45405],{"class":85},[67,122606,122607,122609,122611,122613,122615,122617],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,122608,34873],{"class":73},[67,122610,78],{"class":77},[67,122612,49083],{"class":362},[67,122614,138],{"class":81},[67,122616,9486],{"class":117},[67,122618,144],{"class":81},[67,122620,122621],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,122622,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,122624,122625,122627,122629,122631],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,122626,135],{"class":134},[67,122628,138],{"class":81},[67,122630,9486],{"class":117},[67,122632,144],{"class":81},[67,122634,122635,122637,122639,122641,122643,122645],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,122636,135],{"class":134},[67,122638,138],{"class":81},[67,122640,2011],{"class":362},[67,122642,138],{"class":81},[67,122644,9486],{"class":117},[67,122646,1426],{"class":81},[67,122648,122649,122651,122653,122655],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,122650,135],{"class":134},[67,122652,138],{"class":81},[67,122654,34894],{"class":117},[67,122656,144],{"class":81},[67,122658,122659,122661,122663,122665,122667,122669],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,122660,135],{"class":134},[67,122662,138],{"class":81},[67,122664,2011],{"class":362},[67,122666,138],{"class":81},[67,122668,34894],{"class":117},[67,122670,1426],{"class":81},[14,122672,122673],{},[3934,122674,159],{},[58,122676,122678],{"className":60,"code":122677,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,122679,122680,122684,122698,122702],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122681,122682],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122683,2899],{"class":85},[67,122685,122686,122688,122690,122692,122694,122696],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,122687,1397],{"class":77},[67,122689,3482],{"class":2254},[67,122691,342],{"class":239},[67,122693,2376],{"class":243},[67,122695,333],{"class":239},[67,122697,3491],{"class":77},[67,122699,122700],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,122701,2899],{"class":85},[67,122703,122704,122706,122708,122710,122712,122714],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,122705,1397],{"class":77},[67,122707,3482],{"class":2254},[67,122709,342],{"class":239},[67,122711,1526],{"class":243},[67,122713,333],{"class":239},[67,122715,3491],{"class":77},[1109,122717,122719],{"id":122718},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122721,6880],{},[58,122723,122725],{"className":60,"code":122724,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[17,122726,122727,122735],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122728,122729,122731,122733],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122730,21817],{"class":73},[67,122732,78],{"class":77},[67,122734,45405],{"class":85},[67,122736,122737,122739,122741,122743,122745,122747],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,122738,34873],{"class":73},[67,122740,78],{"class":77},[67,122742,49083],{"class":362},[67,122744,138],{"class":81},[67,122746,9486],{"class":117},[67,122748,144],{"class":81},[14,122750,122751],{},"But if you only do this:",[58,122753,122755],{"className":60,"code":122754,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[17,122756,122757,122765],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122758,122759,122761,122763],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122760,21817],{"class":73},[67,122762,78],{"class":77},[67,122764,45405],{"class":85},[67,122766,122767,122769,122771,122773],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,122768,1526],{"class":362},[67,122770,138],{"class":81},[67,122772,9486],{"class":117},[67,122774,144],{"class":81},[14,122776,122777],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1109,122779,8604,122781,122783],{"id":122780},"using-str-too-early",[17,122782,47862],{}," too early",[14,122785,122786],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[58,122788,122790],{"className":60,"code":122789,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[17,122791,122792,122800,122815,122819],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122793,122794,122796,122798],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122795,40566],{"class":73},[67,122797,78],{"class":77},[67,122799,2777],{"class":85},[67,122801,122802,122805,122807,122809,122811,122813],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,122803,122804],{"class":73},"text_price ",[67,122806,78],{"class":77},[67,122808,49083],{"class":362},[67,122810,138],{"class":81},[67,122812,25338],{"class":117},[67,122814,144],{"class":81},[67,122816,122817],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,122818,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,122820,122821],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,122822,122823],{"class":3852},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122825,122826,122827,3068,122831,122835],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[45,122828,122829],{"href":3064},[17,122830,3067],{},[45,122832,122833],{"href":3071},[17,122834,3074],{},", depending on the situation.",[1109,122837,1930,122839,122842],{"id":122838},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[17,122840,122841],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122844,64812],{},[58,122846,122848],{"className":60,"code":122847,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[17,122849,122850,122882],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122851,122852,122854,122856,122858,122860,122862,122864,122866,122868,122870,122872,122874,122876,122878,122880],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122853,1131],{"class":73},[67,122855,78],{"class":77},[67,122857,82],{"class":81},[67,122859,240],{"class":239},[67,122861,689],{"class":243},[67,122863,240],{"class":239},[67,122865,89],{"class":81},[67,122867,251],{"class":239},[67,122869,698],{"class":243},[67,122871,240],{"class":239},[67,122873,89],{"class":81},[67,122875,251],{"class":239},[67,122877,716],{"class":243},[67,122879,240],{"class":239},[67,122881,100],{"class":81},[67,122883,122884,122886,122888,122890,122892,122894],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,122885,135],{"class":134},[67,122887,138],{"class":81},[67,122889,1526],{"class":362},[67,122891,138],{"class":81},[67,122893,1141],{"class":117},[67,122895,1426],{"class":81},[14,122897,122898],{},"prints:",[58,122900,122901],{"className":60,"code":72817,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,122902,122903],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122904,122905,122907,122909,122911,122913,122915,122917,122919,122921,122923,122925,122927,122929],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122906,174],{"class":81},[67,122908,333],{"class":239},[67,122910,689],{"class":243},[67,122912,333],{"class":239},[67,122914,89],{"class":81},[67,122916,342],{"class":239},[67,122918,698],{"class":243},[67,122920,333],{"class":239},[67,122922,89],{"class":81},[67,122924,342],{"class":239},[67,122926,716],{"class":243},[67,122928,333],{"class":239},[67,122930,100],{"class":81},[14,122932,122933],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[53,122935,17607],{"id":17606},[14,122937,122938,22164,122940,114],{},[17,122939,47862],{},[3934,122941,122942],{},"new string",[14,122944,11646],{},[25,122946,122947,122950,122953],{},[28,122948,122949],{},"It always returns a string",[28,122951,122952],{},"It does not modify the original object",[28,122954,7955,122955,122959],{},[45,122956,122957],{"href":2486},[17,122958,2489],{}," to confirm the result",[14,122961,222],{},[58,122963,122965],{"className":60,"code":122964,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[17,122966,122967,122975,122990,122994,123005],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,122968,122969,122971,122973],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,122970,2634],{"class":73},[67,122972,78],{"class":77},[67,122974,14317],{"class":85},[67,122976,122977,122980,122982,122984,122986,122988],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,122978,122979],{"class":73},"converted ",[67,122981,78],{"class":77},[67,122983,49083],{"class":362},[67,122985,138],{"class":81},[67,122987,2661],{"class":117},[67,122989,144],{"class":81},[67,122991,122992],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,122993,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,122995,122996,122998,123000,123003],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,122997,135],{"class":134},[67,122999,138],{"class":81},[67,123001,123002],{"class":117},"converted",[67,123004,144],{"class":81},[67,123006,123007,123009,123011,123013,123015,123017],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,123008,135],{"class":134},[67,123010,138],{"class":81},[67,123012,2011],{"class":362},[67,123014,138],{"class":81},[67,123016,123002],{"class":117},[67,123018,1426],{"class":81},[14,123020,123021],{},[3934,123022,159],{},[58,123024,123026],{"className":60,"code":123025,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,123027,123028,123033],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,123029,123030],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,123031,123032],{"class":85},"99\n",[67,123034,123035,123037,123039,123041,123043,123045],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,123036,1397],{"class":77},[67,123038,3482],{"class":2254},[67,123040,342],{"class":239},[67,123042,1526],{"class":243},[67,123044,333],{"class":239},[67,123046,3491],{"class":77},[53,123048,113708],{"id":113707},[14,123050,123051,123052,74796],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[17,123053,47862],{},[25,123055,123056,123059,123062,123067],{},[28,123057,123058],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[28,123060,123061],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[28,123063,8604,123064,123066],{},[17,123065,47862],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[28,123068,123069],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,123071,123072,123073,114],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[45,123074,25868,123075],{"href":90386},[17,123076,90387],{},[53,123078,123080],{"id":123079},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,123082,123083],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[58,123085,123087],{"className":60,"code":123086,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[17,123088,123089,123097,123101,123111,123125,123129,123143,123153],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,123090,123091,123093,123095],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,123092,2634],{"class":73},[67,123094,78],{"class":77},[67,123096,45405],{"class":85},[67,123098,123099],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,123100,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,123102,123103,123105,123107,123109],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,123104,135],{"class":134},[67,123106,138],{"class":81},[67,123108,2661],{"class":117},[67,123110,144],{"class":81},[67,123112,123113,123115,123117,123119,123121,123123],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,123114,135],{"class":134},[67,123116,138],{"class":81},[67,123118,2011],{"class":362},[67,123120,138],{"class":81},[67,123122,2661],{"class":117},[67,123124,1426],{"class":81},[67,123126,123127],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,123128,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,123130,123131,123133,123135,123137,123139,123141],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,123132,122979],{"class":73},[67,123134,78],{"class":77},[67,123136,49083],{"class":362},[67,123138,138],{"class":81},[67,123140,2661],{"class":117},[67,123142,144],{"class":81},[67,123144,123145,123147,123149,123151],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,123146,135],{"class":134},[67,123148,138],{"class":81},[67,123150,123002],{"class":117},[67,123152,144],{"class":81},[67,123154,123155,123157,123159,123161,123163,123165],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,123156,135],{"class":134},[67,123158,138],{"class":81},[67,123160,2011],{"class":362},[67,123162,138],{"class":81},[67,123164,123002],{"class":117},[67,123166,1426],{"class":81},[14,123168,123169,123170,1550,123172,123174,123175,114],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[17,123171,2376],{},[17,123173,2379],{},", or another type into ",[17,123176,1526],{},[53,123178,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,123180,5331,123182,5334],{"id":123181},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[17,123183,47862],{},[14,123185,123186],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1109,123188,12894,123190,123192],{"id":123189},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[17,123191,47862],{}," change the original variable?",[14,123194,123195],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1109,123197,5359,123199,123201],{"id":123198},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[17,123200,47862],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,123203,123204],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1109,123206,94572,123208,123210],{"id":123207},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[17,123209,47862],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,123212,123213],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1109,123215,15090,123217,57374,123219,2681],{"id":123216},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[17,123218,47862],{},[17,123220,46630],{},[14,123222,46543,123223,123225,123226,123228],{},[17,123224,47862],{}," converts to text. ",[17,123227,46630],{}," shows output.",[53,123230,2094],{"id":2093},[25,123232,123233,123239,123245,123251,123257,123266,123270],{},[28,123234,123235],{},[45,123236,123237,3697],{"href":46627},[17,123238,46630],{},[28,123240,123241],{},[45,123242,123243,3697],{"href":2486},[17,123244,2489],{},[28,123246,123247],{},[45,123248,123249,3697],{"href":3064},[17,123250,3067],{},[28,123252,123253],{},[45,123254,123255,3697],{"href":3071},[17,123256,3074],{},[28,123258,123259],{},[45,123260,123262,123263,123265],{"href":123261},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[17,123264,2376],{}," to string in Python",[28,123267,123268],{},[45,123269,90664],{"href":89673},[28,123271,123272],{},[45,123273,30531,123274],{"href":90386},[17,123275,90387],{},[2122,123277,123278],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":123280},[123281,123282,123284,123285,123291,123293,123295,123297,123306,123307,123308,123309,123321],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":121699,"depth":103,"text":123283},"What str() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":121866,"depth":103,"text":121867,"children":123286},[123287,123288,123289,123290],{"id":121870,"depth":124,"text":121871},{"id":121956,"depth":124,"text":121957},{"id":122043,"depth":124,"text":122044},{"id":122129,"depth":124,"text":122130},{"id":122245,"depth":103,"text":123292},"When to use str()",{"id":122376,"depth":103,"text":123294},"str() vs print()",{"id":122545,"depth":103,"text":123296},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":123298},[123299,123301,123302,123304],{"id":122583,"depth":124,"text":123300},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122718,"depth":124,"text":122719},{"id":122780,"depth":124,"text":123303},"Using str() too early",{"id":122838,"depth":124,"text":123305},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607},{"id":113707,"depth":103,"text":113708},{"id":123079,"depth":103,"text":123080},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":123310},[123311,123313,123315,123317,123319],{"id":123181,"depth":124,"text":123312},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123189,"depth":124,"text":123314},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123198,"depth":124,"text":123316},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123207,"depth":124,"text":123318},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123216,"depth":124,"text":123320},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42356,"description":123322},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123329,"title":123330,"body":123331,"description":124784,"extension":2153,"meta":124785,"navigation":127,"path":124786,"seo":124787,"stem":124788,"__hash__":124789},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123332,"toc":124746},[123333,123339,123345,123348,123370,123372,123434,123436,123449,123455,123460,123465,123467,123480,123491,123493,123520,123522,123539,123546,123557,123559,123564,123566,123578,123586,123595,123597,123600,123653,123655,123663,123671,123675,123680,123720,123722,123730,123733,123735,123775,123777,123785,123795,123801,123804,123877,123879,123892,123896,123901,123929,123932,123967,123969,123977,123980,123984,123988,123990,124006,124008,124048,124050,124058,124067,124110,124112,124120,124122,124126,124132,124135,124175,124177,124185,124190,124193,124236,124240,124243,124278,124283,124285,124324,124334,124342,124352,124360,124364,124369,124371,124412,124414,124422,124427,124430,124433,124451,124457,124461,124466,124469,124509,124511,124516,124615,124618,124634,124636,124655,124657,124664,124667,124673,124676,124682,124686,124692,124695,124701,124704,124706,124743],[10,123334,123336,123337,11509],{"id":123335},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[17,123338,57459],{},[14,123340,123341,123342,123344],{},"The Python string ",[17,123343,57459],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123346,123347],{},"This reference page explains:",[25,123349,123350,123354,123357,123359,123367],{},[28,123351,26208,123352,3870],{},[17,123353,57459],{},[28,123355,123356],{},"its syntax",[28,123358,35580],{},[28,123360,123361,123362,961,123364,123366],{},"how ",[17,123363,36256],{},[17,123365,52838],{}," work",[28,123368,123369],{},"common beginner mistakes",[53,123371,56],{"id":55},[58,123373,123375],{"className":60,"code":123374,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[17,123376,123377,123389,123411],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,123378,123379,123381,123383,123385,123387],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,123380,34873],{"class":73},[67,123382,78],{"class":77},[67,123384,251],{"class":239},[67,123386,698],{"class":243},[67,123388,3547],{"class":239},[67,123390,123391,123393,123395,123397,123399,123401,123403,123405,123407,123409],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,123392,135],{"class":134},[67,123394,138],{"class":81},[67,123396,34894],{"class":117},[67,123398,114],{"class":81},[67,123400,41439],{"class":117},[67,123402,138],{"class":81},[67,123404,240],{"class":239},[67,123406,45],{"class":243},[67,123408,240],{"class":239},[67,123410,1426],{"class":81},[67,123412,123413,123415,123417,123419,123421,123423,123425,123427,123430,123432],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,123414,135],{"class":134},[67,123416,138],{"class":81},[67,123418,34894],{"class":117},[67,123420,114],{"class":81},[67,123422,41439],{"class":117},[67,123424,138],{"class":81},[67,123426,240],{"class":239},[67,123428,123429],{"class":243},"na",[67,123431,240],{"class":239},[67,123433,1426],{"class":81},[14,123435,159],{},[58,123437,123439],{"className":60,"code":123438,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"3\n2\n",[17,123440,123441,123445],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,123442,123443],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,123444,46795],{"class":85},[67,123446,123447],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,123448,17244],{"class":85},[14,123450,185,123451,123454],{},[17,123452,123453],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[53,123456,13185,123458,13188],{"id":123457},"what-the-count-method-does",[17,123459,57459],{},[14,123461,123462,123464],{},[17,123463,57459],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123466,13241],{},[25,123468,123469,123472,123475,123477],{},[28,123470,123471],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[28,123473,123474],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[28,123476,43837],{},[28,123478,123479],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123481,123482,123483,123485,123486,1550,123488,123490],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[17,123484,18283],{}," characters are in ",[17,123487,65442],{},[17,123489,57459],{}," is a simple choice.",[53,123492,352],{"id":351},[58,123494,123496],{"className":60,"code":123495,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[17,123497,123498],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,123499,123500,123502,123504,123506,123508,123510,123512,123514,123516,123518],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,123501,61343],{"class":73},[67,123503,114],{"class":81},[67,123505,41439],{"class":117},[67,123507,138],{"class":81},[67,123509,2661],{"class":117},[67,123511,89],{"class":81},[67,123513,36235],{"class":117},[67,123515,89],{"class":81},[67,123517,65208],{"class":117},[67,123519,144],{"class":81},[1109,123521,17583],{"id":17582},[25,123523,123524,123529,123534],{},[28,123525,123526,123528],{},[17,123527,2661],{},": the text to search for",[28,123530,123531,123533],{},[17,123532,36256],{},": optional; where counting begins",[28,123535,123536,123538],{},[17,123537,52838],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123540,123541,961,123543,123545],{},[17,123542,36256],{},[17,123544,52838],{}," work like slice positions:",[25,123547,123548,123553],{},[28,123549,123550,123552],{},[17,123551,36256],{}," is included",[28,123554,123555,75722],{},[17,123556,52838],{},[53,123558,17607],{"id":17606},[14,123560,123561,123563],{},[17,123562,57459],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123565,2314],{},[25,123567,123568,123573],{},[28,123569,123570,123571],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[17,123572,2251],{},[28,123574,123575,123576],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[17,123577,1031],{},[14,123579,41085,123580,5350,123582,3068,123584,114],{},[3934,123581,4820],{},[17,123583,3793],{},[17,123585,3863],{},[14,123587,123588,123589,123594],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[45,123590,123592,101582],{"href":123591},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[17,123593,4074],{}," is often a better fit.",[53,123596,11663],{"id":11662},[14,123598,123599],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[58,123601,123603],{"className":60,"code":123602,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,123604,123605,123617,123639,123643],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,123606,123607,123609,123611,123613,123615],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,123608,34873],{"class":73},[67,123610,78],{"class":77},[67,123612,251],{"class":239},[67,123614,689],{"class":243},[67,123616,3547],{"class":239},[67,123618,123619,123621,123623,123625,123627,123629,123631,123633,123635,123637],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,123620,2416],{"class":73},[67,123622,78],{"class":77},[67,123624,43021],{"class":73},[67,123626,114],{"class":81},[67,123628,41439],{"class":117},[67,123630,138],{"class":81},[67,123632,240],{"class":239},[67,123634,14],{"class":243},[67,123636,240],{"class":239},[67,123638,144],{"class":81},[67,123640,123641],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,123642,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,123644,123645,123647,123649,123651],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,123646,135],{"class":134},[67,123648,138],{"class":81},[67,123650,2451],{"class":117},[67,123652,144],{"class":81},[14,123654,159],{},[58,123656,123657],{"className":60,"code":17244,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,123658,123659],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,123660,123661],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,123662,17244],{"class":85},[14,123664,63988,123665,123668,123669,114],{},[17,123666,123667],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[17,123670,58002],{},[53,123672,123674],{"id":123673},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123676,123677,123679],{},[17,123678,57459],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[58,123681,123683],{"className":60,"code":123682,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[17,123684,123685,123698],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,123686,123687,123689,123691,123693,123696],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,123688,34873],{"class":73},[67,123690,78],{"class":77},[67,123692,251],{"class":239},[67,123694,123695],{"class":243},"cat dog cat bird cat",[67,123697,3547],{"class":239},[67,123699,123700,123702,123704,123706,123708,123710,123712,123714,123716,123718],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,123701,135],{"class":134},[67,123703,138],{"class":81},[67,123705,34894],{"class":117},[67,123707,114],{"class":81},[67,123709,41439],{"class":117},[67,123711,138],{"class":81},[67,123713,240],{"class":239},[67,123715,37227],{"class":243},[67,123717,240],{"class":239},[67,123719,1426],{"class":81},[14,123721,159],{},[58,123723,123724],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,123725,123726],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,123727,123728],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,123729,46795],{"class":85},[14,123731,123732],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123734,222],{},[58,123736,123738],{"className":60,"code":123737,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[17,123739,123740,123753],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,123741,123742,123744,123746,123748,123751],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,123743,34873],{"class":73},[67,123745,78],{"class":77},[67,123747,251],{"class":239},[67,123749,123750],{"class":243},"one One one",[67,123752,3547],{"class":239},[67,123754,123755,123757,123759,123761,123763,123765,123767,123769,123771,123773],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,123756,135],{"class":134},[67,123758,138],{"class":81},[67,123760,34894],{"class":117},[67,123762,114],{"class":81},[67,123764,41439],{"class":117},[67,123766,138],{"class":81},[67,123768,240],{"class":239},[67,123770,6777],{"class":243},[67,123772,240],{"class":239},[67,123774,1426],{"class":81},[14,123776,159],{},[58,123778,123779],{"className":60,"code":17244,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,123780,123781],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,123782,123783],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,123784,17244],{"class":85},[14,123786,123787,123788,123791,123792,123794],{},"The uppercase ",[17,123789,123790],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[17,123793,57459],{}," is case-sensitive.",[53,123796,8604,123797,961,123799],{"id":65574},[17,123798,36256],{},[17,123800,52838],{},[14,123802,123803],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[58,123805,123807],{"className":60,"code":123806,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[17,123808,123809,123821,123847],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,123810,123811,123813,123815,123817,123819],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,123812,34873],{"class":73},[67,123814,78],{"class":77},[67,123816,251],{"class":239},[67,123818,698],{"class":243},[67,123820,3547],{"class":239},[67,123822,123823,123825,123827,123829,123831,123833,123835,123837,123839,123841,123843,123845],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,123824,135],{"class":134},[67,123826,138],{"class":81},[67,123828,34894],{"class":117},[67,123830,114],{"class":81},[67,123832,41439],{"class":117},[67,123834,138],{"class":81},[67,123836,240],{"class":239},[67,123838,45],{"class":243},[67,123840,240],{"class":239},[67,123842,89],{"class":81},[67,123844,3182],{"class":85},[67,123846,1426],{"class":81},[67,123848,123849,123851,123853,123855,123857,123859,123861,123863,123865,123867,123869,123871,123873,123875],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,123850,135],{"class":134},[67,123852,138],{"class":81},[67,123854,34894],{"class":117},[67,123856,114],{"class":81},[67,123858,41439],{"class":117},[67,123860,138],{"class":81},[67,123862,240],{"class":239},[67,123864,45],{"class":243},[67,123866,240],{"class":239},[67,123868,89],{"class":81},[67,123870,3182],{"class":85},[67,123872,89],{"class":81},[67,123874,4794],{"class":85},[67,123876,1426],{"class":81},[14,123878,159],{},[58,123880,123882],{"className":60,"code":123881,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"2\n1\n",[17,123883,123884,123888],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,123885,123886],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,123887,17244],{"class":85},[67,123889,123890],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,123891,47095],{"class":85},[1109,123893,123895],{"id":123894},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123897,123898,123899,1161],{},"In ",[17,123900,65442],{},[25,123902,123903,123911,123919],{},[28,123904,1372,123905,123907,123908],{},[17,123906,2245],{}," starts at the first ",[17,123909,123910],{},"\"n\"",[28,123912,123913,123916,123917,76020],{},[17,123914,123915],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[17,123918,2245],{},[28,123920,123921,123916,123924,123926,123927],{},[17,123922,123923],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[17,123925,2245],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[17,123928,1308],{},[14,123930,123931],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[58,123933,123935],{"className":60,"code":123934,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[17,123936,123937,123949],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,123938,123939,123941,123943,123945,123947],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,123940,34873],{"class":73},[67,123942,78],{"class":77},[67,123944,251],{"class":239},[67,123946,698],{"class":243},[67,123948,3547],{"class":239},[67,123950,123951,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961,123963,123965],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,123952,135],{"class":134},[67,123954,138],{"class":81},[67,123956,34894],{"class":117},[67,123958,174],{"class":81},[67,123960,2245],{"class":85},[67,123962,1161],{"class":81},[67,123964,1308],{"class":85},[67,123966,376],{"class":81},[14,123968,159],{},[58,123970,123971],{"className":60,"code":41648,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,123972,123973],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,123974,123975],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,123976,41648],{"class":73},[14,123978,123979],{},"Only that section is searched.",[53,123981,123983],{"id":123982},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,123985,123986,123794],{},[17,123987,57459],{},[14,123989,2296],{},[25,123991,123992,124000],{},[28,123993,123994,961,123996,123999],{},[17,123995,18283],{},[17,123997,123998],{},"\"A\""," are different",[28,124001,124002,961,124004,123999],{},[17,124003,64703],{},[17,124005,90399],{},[14,124007,222],{},[58,124009,124011],{"className":60,"code":124010,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[17,124012,124013,124026],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,124014,124015,124017,124019,124021,124024],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,124016,34873],{"class":73},[67,124018,78],{"class":77},[67,124020,251],{"class":239},[67,124022,124023],{"class":243},"Apple apple APPLE",[67,124025,3547],{"class":239},[67,124027,124028,124030,124032,124034,124036,124038,124040,124042,124044,124046],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,124029,135],{"class":134},[67,124031,138],{"class":81},[67,124033,34894],{"class":117},[67,124035,114],{"class":81},[67,124037,41439],{"class":117},[67,124039,138],{"class":81},[67,124041,240],{"class":239},[67,124043,689],{"class":243},[67,124045,240],{"class":239},[67,124047,1426],{"class":81},[14,124049,159],{},[58,124051,124052],{"className":60,"code":47095,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,124053,124054],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,124055,124056],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,124057,47095],{"class":85},[14,124059,124060,124061,1161],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[45,124062,124064],{"href":124063},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[17,124065,124066],{},"lower()",[58,124068,124070],{"className":60,"code":124069,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[17,124071,124072,124084],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,124073,124074,124076,124078,124080,124082],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,124075,34873],{"class":73},[67,124077,78],{"class":77},[67,124079,251],{"class":239},[67,124081,124023],{"class":243},[67,124083,3547],{"class":239},[67,124085,124086,124088,124090,124092,124094,124096,124098,124100,124102,124104,124106,124108],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,124087,135],{"class":134},[67,124089,138],{"class":81},[67,124091,34894],{"class":117},[67,124093,114],{"class":81},[67,124095,8827],{"class":117},[67,124097,8824],{"class":81},[67,124099,41439],{"class":117},[67,124101,138],{"class":81},[67,124103,240],{"class":239},[67,124105,689],{"class":243},[67,124107,240],{"class":239},[67,124109,1426],{"class":81},[14,124111,159],{},[58,124113,124114],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,124115,124116],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,124117,124118],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,124119,46795],{"class":85},[53,124121,1907],{"id":1906},[14,124123,23284,124124,114],{},[17,124125,57459],{},[1109,124127,1930,124129,124131],{"id":124128},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[17,124130,57459],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,124133,124134],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[58,124136,124138],{"className":60,"code":124137,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[17,124139,124140,124153],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,124141,124142,124144,124146,124148,124151],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,124143,34873],{"class":73},[67,124145,78],{"class":77},[67,124147,251],{"class":239},[67,124149,124150],{"class":243},"Aardvark",[67,124152,3547],{"class":239},[67,124154,124155,124157,124159,124161,124163,124165,124167,124169,124171,124173],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,124156,135],{"class":134},[67,124158,138],{"class":81},[67,124160,34894],{"class":117},[67,124162,114],{"class":81},[67,124164,41439],{"class":117},[67,124166,138],{"class":81},[67,124168,240],{"class":239},[67,124170,45],{"class":243},[67,124172,240],{"class":239},[67,124174,1426],{"class":81},[14,124176,159],{},[58,124178,124179],{"className":60,"code":17244,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,124180,124181],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,124182,124183],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,124184,17244],{"class":85},[14,124186,123787,124187,124189],{},[17,124188,123998],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,124191,124192],{},"If needed, convert first:",[58,124194,124196],{"className":60,"code":124195,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[17,124197,124198,124210],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,124199,124200,124202,124204,124206,124208],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,124201,34873],{"class":73},[67,124203,78],{"class":77},[67,124205,251],{"class":239},[67,124207,124150],{"class":243},[67,124209,3547],{"class":239},[67,124211,124212,124214,124216,124218,124220,124222,124224,124226,124228,124230,124232,124234],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,124213,135],{"class":134},[67,124215,138],{"class":81},[67,124217,34894],{"class":117},[67,124219,114],{"class":81},[67,124221,8827],{"class":117},[67,124223,8824],{"class":81},[67,124225,41439],{"class":117},[67,124227,138],{"class":81},[67,124229,240],{"class":239},[67,124231,45],{"class":243},[67,124233,240],{"class":239},[67,124235,1426],{"class":81},[1109,124237,124239],{"id":124238},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124241,124242],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[58,124244,124246],{"className":60,"code":124245,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[17,124247,124248,124260],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,124249,124250,124252,124254,124256,124258],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,124251,34873],{"class":73},[67,124253,78],{"class":77},[67,124255,251],{"class":239},[67,124257,698],{"class":243},[67,124259,3547],{"class":239},[67,124261,124262,124264,124266,124268,124270,124272,124274,124276],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,124263,135],{"class":134},[67,124265,138],{"class":81},[67,124267,34894],{"class":117},[67,124269,114],{"class":81},[67,124271,41439],{"class":117},[67,124273,138],{"class":81},[67,124275,45],{"class":117},[67,124277,1426],{"class":81},[14,124279,124280,124281,114],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[17,124282,45],{},[14,124284,10994],{},[58,124286,124288],{"className":60,"code":124287,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[17,124289,124290,124302],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,124291,124292,124294,124296,124298,124300],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,124293,34873],{"class":73},[67,124295,78],{"class":77},[67,124297,251],{"class":239},[67,124299,698],{"class":243},[67,124301,3547],{"class":239},[67,124303,124304,124306,124308,124310,124312,124314,124316,124318,124320,124322],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,124305,135],{"class":134},[67,124307,138],{"class":81},[67,124309,34894],{"class":117},[67,124311,114],{"class":81},[67,124313,41439],{"class":117},[67,124315,138],{"class":81},[67,124317,240],{"class":239},[67,124319,45],{"class":243},[67,124321,240],{"class":239},[67,124323,1426],{"class":81},[1109,124325,1923,124327,43,124329,3068,124332],{"id":124326},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[17,124328,57459],{},[17,124330,124331],{},"find()",[17,124333,59136],{},[14,124335,185,124336,124338,124339,114],{},[17,124337,57459],{}," when you need the ",[3934,124340,124341],{},"number of matches",[14,124343,185,124344,124338,124349,124351],{},[45,124345,124347],{"href":124346},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[17,124348,124331],{},[3934,124350,65114],{}," of the first match.",[14,124353,185,124354,124359],{},[45,124355,124357],{"href":124356},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[17,124358,59136],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1109,124361,124363],{"id":124362},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124365,124366,124368],{},[17,124367,57459],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124370,222],{},[58,124372,124374],{"className":60,"code":124373,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[17,124375,124376,124389],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,124377,124378,124380,124382,124384,124387],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,124379,34873],{"class":73},[67,124381,78],{"class":77},[67,124383,251],{"class":239},[67,124385,124386],{"class":243},"aaaa",[67,124388,3547],{"class":239},[67,124390,124391,124393,124395,124397,124399,124401,124403,124405,124408,124410],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,124392,135],{"class":134},[67,124394,138],{"class":81},[67,124396,34894],{"class":117},[67,124398,114],{"class":81},[67,124400,41439],{"class":117},[67,124402,138],{"class":81},[67,124404,240],{"class":239},[67,124406,124407],{"class":243},"aa",[67,124409,240],{"class":239},[67,124411,1426],{"class":81},[14,124413,159],{},[58,124415,124416],{"className":60,"code":17244,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,124417,124418],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,124419,124420],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,124421,17244],{"class":85},[14,124423,124424,124425,114],{},"It does not return ",[17,124426,2251],{},[14,124428,124429],{},"Why not?",[14,124431,124432],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[25,124434,124435,124444],{},[28,124436,124437,124440,124441],{},[17,124438,124439],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[17,124442,124443],{},"0-1",[28,124445,124446,124440,124448],{},[17,124447,124439],{},[17,124449,124450],{},"2-3",[14,124452,124453,124454,114],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[17,124455,124456],{},"1-2",[53,124458,5151,124459],{"id":58542},[17,124460,57459],{},[14,124462,185,124463,124465],{},[17,124464,57459],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124467,124468],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[25,124470,124471,124480,124490,124500],{},[28,124472,185,124473,124475,124476,124479],{},[17,124474,57459],{}," when you need ",[3934,124477,124478],{},"how many times"," something appears",[28,124481,185,124482,124475,124486,124489],{},[45,124483,124484],{"href":124346},[17,124485,124331],{},[3934,124487,124488],{},"where"," it appears",[28,124491,47989,124492,124496,124497],{},[45,124493,124494,101582],{"href":123591},[17,124495,4074],{}," when you only need to know ",[3934,124498,124499],{},"if it exists",[28,124501,185,124502,124508],{},[45,124503,124505],{"href":124504},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[17,124506,124507],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[53,124510,26131],{"id":26130},[14,124512,9061,124513,124515],{},[17,124514,57459],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[58,124517,124519],{"className":60,"code":124518,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[17,124520,124521,124531,124545,124567,124593],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,124522,124523,124525,124527,124529],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,124524,135],{"class":134},[67,124526,138],{"class":81},[67,124528,34894],{"class":117},[67,124530,144],{"class":81},[67,124532,124533,124535,124537,124539,124541,124543],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,124534,135],{"class":134},[67,124536,138],{"class":81},[67,124538,2011],{"class":362},[67,124540,138],{"class":81},[67,124542,34894],{"class":117},[67,124544,1426],{"class":81},[67,124546,124547,124549,124551,124553,124555,124557,124559,124561,124563,124565],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,124548,135],{"class":134},[67,124550,138],{"class":81},[67,124552,34894],{"class":117},[67,124554,114],{"class":81},[67,124556,41439],{"class":117},[67,124558,138],{"class":81},[67,124560,240],{"class":239},[67,124562,45],{"class":243},[67,124564,240],{"class":239},[67,124566,1426],{"class":81},[67,124568,124569,124571,124573,124575,124577,124579,124581,124583,124585,124587,124589,124591],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,124570,135],{"class":134},[67,124572,138],{"class":81},[67,124574,34894],{"class":117},[67,124576,114],{"class":81},[67,124578,8827],{"class":117},[67,124580,8824],{"class":81},[67,124582,41439],{"class":117},[67,124584,138],{"class":81},[67,124586,240],{"class":239},[67,124588,45],{"class":243},[67,124590,240],{"class":239},[67,124592,1426],{"class":81},[67,124594,124595,124597,124599,124601,124603,124605,124607,124609,124611,124613],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,124596,135],{"class":134},[67,124598,138],{"class":81},[67,124600,34894],{"class":117},[67,124602,114],{"class":81},[67,124604,41439],{"class":117},[67,124606,138],{"class":81},[67,124608,240],{"class":239},[67,124610,123429],{"class":243},[67,124612,240],{"class":239},[67,124614,1426],{"class":81},[14,124616,124617],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[25,124619,124620,124623,124628,124631],{},[28,124621,124622],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[28,124624,124625,124627],{},[17,124626,34894],{}," not being a string",[28,124629,124630],{},"counting the wrong substring",[28,124632,124633],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124635,59031],{},[25,124637,124638,124641,124644,124647],{},[28,124639,124640],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[28,124642,124643],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[28,124645,124646],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[28,124648,50669,124649,44809,124651,3068,124653,73292],{},[17,124650,57459],{},[17,124652,124331],{},[17,124654,4074],{},[53,124656,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,124658,124660,124661,124663],{"id":124659},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[17,124662,57459],{}," change the original string?",[14,124665,124666],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1109,124668,15090,124670,124672],{"id":124669},"is-count-case-sensitive",[17,124671,57459],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124674,124675],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1109,124677,5331,124679,124681],{"id":124678},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[17,124680,57459],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124683,5337,124684,114],{},[17,124685,1031],{},[1109,124687,5359,124689,124691],{"id":124688},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[17,124690,57459],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124693,124694],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1109,124696,12894,124698,124700],{"id":124697},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[17,124699,57459],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124702,124703],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[53,124705,2094],{"id":2093},[25,124707,124708,124715,124722,124729,124736],{},[28,124709,124710],{},[45,124711,124712],{"href":124346},[17,124713,124714],{},"Python string find() method",[28,124716,124717],{},[45,124718,124719],{"href":124356},[17,124720,124721],{},"Python string index() method",[28,124723,124724],{},[45,124725,124726],{"href":124063},[17,124727,124728],{},"Python string lower() method",[28,124730,124731],{},[45,124732,124733],{"href":123591},[17,124734,124735],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[28,124737,124738],{},[45,124739,124740],{"href":124504},[17,124741,124742],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2122,124744,124745],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":124747},[124748,124749,124751,124754,124755,124756,124757,124760,124761,124769,124770,124771,124783],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":123457,"depth":103,"text":124750},"What the count() method does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352,"children":124752},[124753],{"id":17582,"depth":124,"text":17583},{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":123673,"depth":103,"text":123674},{"id":65574,"depth":103,"text":66356,"children":124758},[124759],{"id":123894,"depth":124,"text":123895},{"id":123982,"depth":103,"text":123983},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":124762},[124763,124765,124766,124768],{"id":124128,"depth":124,"text":124764},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124238,"depth":124,"text":124239},{"id":124326,"depth":124,"text":124767},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124362,"depth":124,"text":124363},{"id":58542,"depth":103,"text":59172},{"id":26130,"depth":103,"text":26131},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":124772},[124773,124775,124777,124779,124781],{"id":124659,"depth":124,"text":124774},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124669,"depth":124,"text":124776},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124678,"depth":124,"text":124778},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124688,"depth":124,"text":124780},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124697,"depth":124,"text":124782},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123330,"description":124784},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124791,"title":124792,"body":124793,"description":126378,"extension":2153,"meta":126379,"navigation":127,"path":126380,"seo":126381,"stem":126382,"__hash__":126383},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124794,"toc":126351},[124795,124798,124801,124898,124907,124909,124928,124932,124935,124938,124951,124954,124983,124988,124993,125051,125053,125086,125092,125096,125099,125102,125131,125134,125161,125164,125167,125171,125174,125181,125244,125246,125264,125267,125271,125274,125277,125319,125322,125366,125369,125372,125376,125381,125384,125427,125429,125452,125455,125488,125491,125540,125550,125554,125557,125560,125589,125592,125603,125605,125664,125667,125671,125674,125677,125692,125701,125704,125738,125741,125768,125771,125778,125780,125783,125785,125788,125802,125811,125813,125840,125844,125847,125861,125864,125923,125927,125930,125957,125960,125987,125995,125998,126058,126060,126093,126097,126100,126119,126124,126173,126178,126180,126183,126242,126260,126262,126266,126274,126278,126281,126285,126291,126295,126305,126309,126312,126314,126348],[10,124796,124792],{"id":124797},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124799,124800],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[58,124802,124804],{"className":60,"code":124803,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[17,124805,124806,124818,124830,124839,124853,124857,124867,124877,124888],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,124807,124808,124810,124812,124814,124816],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,124809,8065],{"class":73},[67,124811,78],{"class":77},[67,124813,251],{"class":239},[67,124815,5193],{"class":243},[67,124817,3547],{"class":239},[67,124819,124820,124822,124824,124826,124828],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,124821,89988],{"class":73},[67,124823,78],{"class":77},[67,124825,342],{"class":239},[67,124827,35052],{"class":243},[67,124829,29887],{"class":239},[67,124831,124832,124835,124837],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,124833,124834],{"class":73},"empty ",[67,124836,78],{"class":77},[67,124838,8070],{"class":239},[67,124840,124841,124843,124845,124847,124849,124851],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,124842,34873],{"class":73},[67,124844,78],{"class":77},[67,124846,49083],{"class":362},[67,124848,138],{"class":81},[67,124850,50423],{"class":85},[67,124852,144],{"class":81},[67,124854,124855],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,124856,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,124858,124859,124861,124863,124865],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,124860,135],{"class":134},[67,124862,138],{"class":81},[67,124864,7860],{"class":117},[67,124866,144],{"class":81},[67,124868,124869,124871,124873,124875],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,124870,135],{"class":134},[67,124872,138],{"class":81},[67,124874,90005],{"class":117},[67,124876,144],{"class":81},[67,124878,124879,124881,124883,124886],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,124880,135],{"class":134},[67,124882,138],{"class":81},[67,124884,124885],{"class":117},"empty",[67,124887,144],{"class":81},[67,124889,124890,124892,124894,124896],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,124891,135],{"class":134},[67,124893,138],{"class":81},[67,124895,34894],{"class":117},[67,124897,144],{"class":81},[14,124899,124900,124903,124904,124906],{},[3934,124901,124902],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[17,124905,47862],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[53,124908,15350],{"id":15349},[25,124910,124911,124914,124917,124920,124925],{},[28,124912,124913],{},"What a string is in Python",[28,124915,124916],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[28,124918,124919],{},"How to create an empty string",[28,124921,124922,124923],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[17,124924,47862],{},[28,124926,124927],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[53,124929,124931],{"id":124930},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,124933,124934],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,124936,124937],{},"Strings can contain:",[25,124939,124940,124943,124945,124948],{},[28,124941,124942],{},"Letters",[28,124944,56631],{},[28,124946,124947],{},"Spaces",[28,124949,124950],{},"Symbols",[14,124952,124953],{},"Examples of strings:",[58,124955,124957],{"className":60,"code":124956,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[17,124958,124959,124967,124975],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,124960,124961,124963,124965],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,124962,240],{"class":43508},[67,124964,4036],{"class":43512},[67,124966,3547],{"class":43508},[67,124968,124969,124971,124973],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,124970,240],{"class":43508},[67,124972,50423],{"class":43512},[67,124974,3547],{"class":43508},[67,124976,124977,124979,124981],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,124978,240],{"class":43508},[67,124980,89130],{"class":43512},[67,124982,3547],{"class":43508},[14,124984,21166,124985,124987],{},[17,124986,50473],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,124989,124990,124991,1161],{},"You can check the type with ",[17,124992,2489],{},[58,124994,124996],{"className":60,"code":124995,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,124997,124998,125010,125019,125023,125037],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,124999,125000,125002,125004,125006,125008],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125001,34873],{"class":73},[67,125003,78],{"class":77},[67,125005,251],{"class":239},[67,125007,50423],{"class":243},[67,125009,3547],{"class":239},[67,125011,125012,125014,125016],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125013,2403],{"class":73},[67,125015,78],{"class":77},[67,125017,125018],{"class":85}," 123\n",[67,125020,125021],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,125022,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,125024,125025,125027,125029,125031,125033,125035],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,125026,135],{"class":134},[67,125028,138],{"class":81},[67,125030,2011],{"class":362},[67,125032,138],{"class":81},[67,125034,34894],{"class":117},[67,125036,1426],{"class":81},[67,125038,125039,125041,125043,125045,125047,125049],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,125040,135],{"class":134},[67,125042,138],{"class":81},[67,125044,2011],{"class":362},[67,125046,138],{"class":81},[67,125048,2426],{"class":117},[67,125050,1426],{"class":81},[14,125052,159],{},[58,125054,125056],{"className":60,"code":125055,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,125057,125058,125072],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125059,125060,125062,125064,125066,125068,125070],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125061,1397],{"class":77},[67,125063,3482],{"class":2254},[67,125065,342],{"class":239},[67,125067,1526],{"class":243},[67,125069,333],{"class":239},[67,125071,3491],{"class":77},[67,125073,125074,125076,125078,125080,125082,125084],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125075,1397],{"class":77},[67,125077,3482],{"class":2254},[67,125079,342],{"class":239},[67,125081,2376],{"class":243},[67,125083,333],{"class":239},[67,125085,3491],{"class":77},[14,125087,125088,125089,114],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[45,125090,125091],{"href":51153},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[53,125093,125095],{"id":125094},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,125097,125098],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,125100,125101],{},"You can use single quotes:",[58,125103,125105],{"className":60,"code":125104,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[17,125106,125107,125120],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125108,125109,125112,125114,125116,125118],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125110,125111],{"class":73},"greeting ",[67,125113,78],{"class":77},[67,125115,342],{"class":239},[67,125117,4036],{"class":243},[67,125119,29887],{"class":239},[67,125121,125122,125124,125126,125129],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125123,135],{"class":134},[67,125125,138],{"class":81},[67,125127,125128],{"class":117},"greeting",[67,125130,144],{"class":81},[14,125132,125133],{},"Or double quotes:",[58,125135,125137],{"className":60,"code":125136,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[17,125138,125139,125151],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125140,125141,125143,125145,125147,125149],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125142,125111],{"class":73},[67,125144,78],{"class":77},[67,125146,251],{"class":239},[67,125148,4036],{"class":243},[67,125150,3547],{"class":239},[67,125152,125153,125155,125157,125159],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125154,135],{"class":134},[67,125156,138],{"class":81},[67,125158,125128],{"class":117},[67,125160,144],{"class":81},[14,125162,125163],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,125165,125166],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[53,125168,125170],{"id":125169},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,125172,125173],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,125175,125176,125177,3068,125179,1161],{},"Use either ",[17,125178,6464],{},[17,125180,3965],{},[58,125182,125184],{"className":60,"code":125183,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[17,125185,125186,125195,125204,125208,125219,125230],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125187,125188,125191,125193],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125189,125190],{"class":73},"empty1 ",[67,125192,78],{"class":77},[67,125194,8070],{"class":239},[67,125196,125197,125200,125202],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125198,125199],{"class":73},"empty2 ",[67,125201,78],{"class":77},[67,125203,47674],{"class":239},[67,125205,125206],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,125207,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,125209,125210,125212,125214,125217],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,125211,135],{"class":134},[67,125213,138],{"class":81},[67,125215,125216],{"class":117},"empty1",[67,125218,144],{"class":81},[67,125220,125221,125223,125225,125228],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,125222,135],{"class":134},[67,125224,138],{"class":81},[67,125226,125227],{"class":117},"empty2",[67,125229,144],{"class":81},[67,125231,125232,125234,125236,125238,125240,125242],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,125233,135],{"class":134},[67,125235,138],{"class":81},[67,125237,2011],{"class":362},[67,125239,138],{"class":81},[67,125241,125216],{"class":117},[67,125243,1426],{"class":81},[14,125245,159],{},[58,125247,125248],{"className":60,"code":45948,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,125249,125250],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125251,125252,125254,125256,125258,125260,125262],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125253,1397],{"class":77},[67,125255,3482],{"class":2254},[67,125257,342],{"class":239},[67,125259,1526],{"class":243},[67,125261,333],{"class":239},[67,125263,3491],{"class":77},[14,125265,125266],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[53,125268,125270],{"id":125269},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125272,125273],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125275,125276],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[58,125278,125280],{"className":60,"code":125279,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[17,125281,125282,125293,125298,125305,125309],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125283,125284,125286,125288,125291],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125285,89988],{"class":73},[67,125287,78],{"class":77},[67,125289,125290],{"class":239}," \"\"\"",[67,125292,88930],{"class":243},[67,125294,125295],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125296,125297],{"class":243},"Welcome to Python\n",[67,125299,125300,125303],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,125301,125302],{"class":243},"Have a nice day",[67,125304,43516],{"class":239},[67,125306,125307],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,125308,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,125310,125311,125313,125315,125317],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,125312,135],{"class":134},[67,125314,138],{"class":81},[67,125316,90005],{"class":117},[67,125318,144],{"class":81},[14,125320,125321],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[58,125323,125325],{"className":60,"code":125324,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[17,125326,125327,125339,125344,125352,125356],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125328,125329,125331,125333,125336],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125330,89988],{"class":73},[67,125332,78],{"class":77},[67,125334,125335],{"class":239}," '''",[67,125337,125338],{"class":243},"Line 1\n",[67,125340,125341],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125342,125343],{"class":243},"Line 2\n",[67,125345,125346,125349],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,125347,125348],{"class":243},"Line 3",[67,125350,125351],{"class":239},"'''\n",[67,125353,125354],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,125355,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,125357,125358,125360,125362,125364],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,125359,135],{"class":134},[67,125361,138],{"class":81},[67,125363,90005],{"class":117},[67,125365,144],{"class":81},[14,125367,125368],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125370,125371],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[53,125373,125375],{"id":125374},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125377,379,125378,125380],{},[17,125379,47862],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125382,125383],{},"Example with a number:",[58,125385,125387],{"className":60,"code":125386,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,125388,125389,125403,125413],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125390,125391,125393,125395,125397,125399,125401],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125392,34873],{"class":73},[67,125394,78],{"class":77},[67,125396,49083],{"class":362},[67,125398,138],{"class":81},[67,125400,46704],{"class":85},[67,125402,144],{"class":81},[67,125404,125405,125407,125409,125411],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125406,135],{"class":134},[67,125408,138],{"class":81},[67,125410,34894],{"class":117},[67,125412,144],{"class":81},[67,125414,125415,125417,125419,125421,125423,125425],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,125416,135],{"class":134},[67,125418,138],{"class":81},[67,125420,2011],{"class":362},[67,125422,138],{"class":81},[67,125424,34894],{"class":117},[67,125426,1426],{"class":81},[14,125428,159],{},[58,125430,125432],{"className":60,"code":125431,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,125433,125434,125438],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125435,125436],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125437,46790],{"class":85},[67,125439,125440,125442,125444,125446,125448,125450],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125441,1397],{"class":77},[67,125443,3482],{"class":2254},[67,125445,342],{"class":239},[67,125447,1526],{"class":243},[67,125449,333],{"class":239},[67,125451,3491],{"class":77},[14,125453,125454],{},"You can also convert other values:",[58,125456,125458],{"className":60,"code":125457,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[17,125459,125460,125474],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125461,125462,125464,125466,125468,125470,125472],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125463,135],{"class":134},[67,125465,138],{"class":81},[67,125467,1526],{"class":362},[67,125469,138],{"class":81},[67,125471,3793],{"class":4043},[67,125473,1426],{"class":81},[67,125475,125476,125478,125480,125482,125484,125486],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125477,135],{"class":134},[67,125479,138],{"class":81},[67,125481,1526],{"class":362},[67,125483,138],{"class":81},[67,125485,40322],{"class":85},[67,125487,1426],{"class":81},[14,125489,125490],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[58,125492,125494],{"className":60,"code":125493,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[17,125495,125496,125504,125526,125530],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125497,125498,125500,125502],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125499,21817],{"class":73},[67,125501,78],{"class":77},[67,125503,45405],{"class":85},[67,125505,125506,125508,125510,125512,125514,125516,125518,125520,125522,125524],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125507,89988],{"class":73},[67,125509,78],{"class":77},[67,125511,251],{"class":239},[67,125513,89406],{"class":243},[67,125515,240],{"class":239},[67,125517,2642],{"class":77},[67,125519,49083],{"class":362},[67,125521,138],{"class":81},[67,125523,9486],{"class":117},[67,125525,144],{"class":81},[67,125527,125528],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,125529,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,125531,125532,125534,125536,125538],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,125533,135],{"class":134},[67,125535,138],{"class":81},[67,125537,90005],{"class":117},[67,125539,144],{"class":81},[14,125541,125542,125543,3068,125547,114],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[45,125544,3764,125545,3697],{"href":42355},[17,125546,47862],{},[45,125548,125549],{"href":123261},"how to convert int to string in Python",[53,125551,125553],{"id":125552},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125555,125556],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125558,125559],{},"Both of these are valid:",[58,125561,125563],{"className":60,"code":125562,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[17,125564,125565,125577],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125566,125567,125569,125571,125573,125575],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125568,2744],{"class":73},[67,125570,78],{"class":77},[67,125572,342],{"class":239},[67,125574,7488],{"class":243},[67,125576,29887],{"class":239},[67,125578,125579,125581,125583,125585,125587],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125580,2772],{"class":73},[67,125582,78],{"class":77},[67,125584,251],{"class":239},[67,125586,7488],{"class":243},[67,125588,3547],{"class":239},[14,125590,125591],{},"A common rule is:",[25,125593,125594,125597,125600],{},[28,125595,125596],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[28,125598,125599],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[28,125601,125602],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125604,222],{},[58,125606,125608],{"className":60,"code":125607,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[17,125609,125610,125624,125638,125642,125653],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125611,125612,125615,125617,125619,125622],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125613,125614],{"class":73},"text1 ",[67,125616,78],{"class":77},[67,125618,251],{"class":239},[67,125620,125621],{"class":243},"It's working",[67,125623,3547],{"class":239},[67,125625,125626,125629,125631,125633,125636],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125627,125628],{"class":73},"text2 ",[67,125630,78],{"class":77},[67,125632,342],{"class":239},[67,125634,125635],{"class":243},"She said \"hello\"",[67,125637,29887],{"class":239},[67,125639,125640],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,125641,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,125643,125644,125646,125648,125651],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,125645,135],{"class":134},[67,125647,138],{"class":81},[67,125649,125650],{"class":117},"text1",[67,125652,144],{"class":81},[67,125654,125655,125657,125659,125662],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,125656,135],{"class":134},[67,125658,138],{"class":81},[67,125660,125661],{"class":117},"text2",[67,125663,144],{"class":81},[14,125665,125666],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[53,125668,125670],{"id":125669},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125672,125673],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125675,125676],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[58,125678,125680],{"className":60,"code":125679,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[17,125681,125682,125687],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125683,125684],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125685,125686],{"class":3852},"# This will cause an error\n",[67,125688,125689],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125690,125691],{"class":3852},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125693,125694,125695,35515,125697,125700],{},"Python sees the second ",[17,125696,333],{},[17,125698,125699],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125702,125703],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[58,125705,125707],{"className":60,"code":125706,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[17,125708,125709,125728],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125710,125711,125713,125715,125717,125720,125723,125726],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125712,34873],{"class":73},[67,125714,78],{"class":77},[67,125716,342],{"class":239},[67,125718,125719],{"class":243},"It",[67,125721,125722],{"class":34638},"\\'",[67,125724,125725],{"class":243},"s working",[67,125727,29887],{"class":239},[67,125729,125730,125732,125734,125736],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125731,135],{"class":134},[67,125733,138],{"class":81},[67,125735,34894],{"class":117},[67,125737,144],{"class":81},[14,125739,125740],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[58,125742,125744],{"className":60,"code":125743,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[17,125745,125746,125758],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125747,125748,125750,125752,125754,125756],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125749,34873],{"class":73},[67,125751,78],{"class":77},[67,125753,251],{"class":239},[67,125755,125621],{"class":243},[67,125757,3547],{"class":239},[67,125759,125760,125762,125764,125766],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125761,135],{"class":134},[67,125763,138],{"class":81},[67,125765,34894],{"class":117},[67,125767,144],{"class":81},[14,125769,125770],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125772,125773,125774,114],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[45,125775,125777],{"href":125776},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[53,125779,1907],{"id":1906},[14,125781,125782],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1109,125784,90195],{"id":90194},[14,125786,125787],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[58,125789,125791],{"className":60,"code":125790,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[17,125792,125793,125797],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125794,125795],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125796,125686],{"class":3852},[67,125798,125799],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125800,125801],{"class":3852},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125803,125804,125805,8788,125808,125810],{},"Python may raise a ",[17,125806,125807],{},"NameError",[17,125809,5193],{}," is not defined.",[14,125812,10994],{},[58,125814,125816],{"className":60,"code":125815,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[17,125817,125818,125830],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125819,125820,125822,125824,125826,125828],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125821,8065],{"class":73},[67,125823,78],{"class":77},[67,125825,251],{"class":239},[67,125827,5193],{"class":243},[67,125829,3547],{"class":239},[67,125831,125832,125834,125836,125838],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125833,135],{"class":134},[67,125835,138],{"class":81},[67,125837,7860],{"class":117},[67,125839,144],{"class":81},[1109,125841,125843],{"id":125842},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125845,125846],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[58,125848,125850],{"className":60,"code":125849,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[17,125851,125852,125856],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125853,125854],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125855,125686],{"class":3852},[67,125857,125858],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125859,125860],{"class":3852},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125862,125863],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[58,125865,125867],{"className":60,"code":125866,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[17,125868,125869,125886,125899,125903,125913],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125870,125871,125873,125875,125877,125879,125881,125884],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125872,125614],{"class":73},[67,125874,78],{"class":77},[67,125876,342],{"class":239},[67,125878,125719],{"class":243},[67,125880,125722],{"class":34638},[67,125882,125883],{"class":243},"s good",[67,125885,29887],{"class":239},[67,125887,125888,125890,125892,125894,125897],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125889,125628],{"class":73},[67,125891,78],{"class":77},[67,125893,251],{"class":239},[67,125895,125896],{"class":243},"It's good",[67,125898,3547],{"class":239},[67,125900,125901],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,125902,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,125904,125905,125907,125909,125911],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,125906,135],{"class":134},[67,125908,138],{"class":81},[67,125910,125650],{"class":117},[67,125912,144],{"class":81},[67,125914,125915,125917,125919,125921],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,125916,135],{"class":134},[67,125918,138],{"class":81},[67,125920,125661],{"class":117},[67,125922,144],{"class":81},[1109,125924,125926],{"id":125925},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,125928,125929],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[58,125931,125933],{"className":60,"code":125932,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[17,125934,125935,125947],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125936,125937,125939,125941,125943,125945],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125938,34873],{"class":73},[67,125940,78],{"class":77},[67,125942,125290],{"class":239},[67,125944,4036],{"class":243},[67,125946,43516],{"class":239},[67,125948,125949,125951,125953,125955],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125950,135],{"class":134},[67,125952,138],{"class":81},[67,125954,34894],{"class":117},[67,125956,144],{"class":81},[14,125958,125959],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[58,125961,125963],{"className":60,"code":125962,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[17,125964,125965,125977],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,125966,125967,125969,125971,125973,125975],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,125968,34873],{"class":73},[67,125970,78],{"class":77},[67,125972,251],{"class":239},[67,125974,4036],{"class":243},[67,125976,3547],{"class":239},[67,125978,125979,125981,125983,125985],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,125980,135],{"class":134},[67,125982,138],{"class":81},[67,125984,34894],{"class":117},[67,125986,144],{"class":81},[1109,125988,4768,125990,961,125992,125994],{"id":125989},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[17,125991,50423],{},[17,125993,50473],{}," are the same type",[14,125996,125997],{},"They are different:",[58,125999,126001],{"className":60,"code":126000,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[17,126002,126003,126012,126025,126029,126043],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126004,126005,126008,126010],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126006,126007],{"class":73},"value1 ",[67,126009,78],{"class":77},[67,126011,125018],{"class":85},[67,126013,126014,126017,126019,126021,126023],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,126015,126016],{"class":73},"value2 ",[67,126018,78],{"class":77},[67,126020,251],{"class":239},[67,126022,50423],{"class":243},[67,126024,3547],{"class":239},[67,126026,126027],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,126028,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,126030,126031,126033,126035,126037,126039,126041],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,126032,135],{"class":134},[67,126034,138],{"class":81},[67,126036,2011],{"class":362},[67,126038,138],{"class":81},[67,126040,84751],{"class":117},[67,126042,1426],{"class":81},[67,126044,126045,126047,126049,126051,126053,126056],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,126046,135],{"class":134},[67,126048,138],{"class":81},[67,126050,2011],{"class":362},[67,126052,138],{"class":81},[67,126054,126055],{"class":117},"value2",[67,126057,1426],{"class":81},[14,126059,159],{},[58,126061,126063],{"className":60,"code":126062,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,126064,126065,126079],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126066,126067,126069,126071,126073,126075,126077],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126068,1397],{"class":77},[67,126070,3482],{"class":2254},[67,126072,342],{"class":239},[67,126074,2376],{"class":243},[67,126076,333],{"class":239},[67,126078,3491],{"class":77},[67,126080,126081,126083,126085,126087,126089,126091],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,126082,1397],{"class":77},[67,126084,3482],{"class":2254},[67,126086,342],{"class":239},[67,126088,1526],{"class":243},[67,126090,333],{"class":239},[67,126092,3491],{"class":77},[1109,126094,126096],{"id":126095},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,126098,126099],{},"This causes a type error:",[58,126101,126103],{"className":60,"code":126102,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[17,126104,126105,126109,126114],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126106,126107],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126108,125686],{"class":3852},[67,126110,126111],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,126112,126113],{"class":3852},"# age = 10\n",[67,126115,126116],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,126117,126118],{"class":3852},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,126120,126121,126122,1161],{},"Fix it with ",[17,126123,47862],{},[58,126125,126127],{"className":60,"code":126126,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[17,126128,126129,126137,126159,126163],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126130,126131,126133,126135],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126132,21817],{"class":73},[67,126134,78],{"class":77},[67,126136,2777],{"class":85},[67,126138,126139,126141,126143,126145,126147,126149,126151,126153,126155,126157],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,126140,89988],{"class":73},[67,126142,78],{"class":77},[67,126144,251],{"class":239},[67,126146,89406],{"class":243},[67,126148,240],{"class":239},[67,126150,2642],{"class":77},[67,126152,49083],{"class":362},[67,126154,138],{"class":81},[67,126156,9486],{"class":117},[67,126158,144],{"class":81},[67,126160,126161],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,126162,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,126164,126165,126167,126169,126171],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,126166,135],{"class":134},[67,126168,138],{"class":81},[67,126170,90005],{"class":117},[67,126172,144],{"class":81},[14,126174,126175,126176,114],{},"For this specific error, see ",[45,126177,90387],{"href":90386},[1109,126179,60879],{"id":60878},[14,126181,126182],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[58,126184,126186],{"className":60,"code":126185,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[17,126187,126188,126200,126204,126214,126228],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126189,126190,126192,126194,126196,126198],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126191,34873],{"class":73},[67,126193,78],{"class":77},[67,126195,251],{"class":239},[67,126197,4036],{"class":243},[67,126199,3547],{"class":239},[67,126201,126202],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,126203,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,126205,126206,126208,126210,126212],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,126207,135],{"class":134},[67,126209,138],{"class":81},[67,126211,34894],{"class":117},[67,126213,144],{"class":81},[67,126215,126216,126218,126220,126222,126224,126226],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,126217,135],{"class":134},[67,126219,138],{"class":81},[67,126221,2011],{"class":362},[67,126223,138],{"class":81},[67,126225,34894],{"class":117},[67,126227,1426],{"class":81},[67,126229,126230,126232,126234,126236,126238,126240],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,126231,135],{"class":134},[67,126233,138],{"class":81},[67,126235,41959],{"class":134},[67,126237,138],{"class":81},[67,126239,34894],{"class":117},[67,126241,1426],{"class":81},[25,126243,126244,126249,126254],{},[28,126245,126246,46456],{},[17,126247,126248],{},"print(text)",[28,126250,126251,46461],{},[17,126252,126253],{},"print(type(text))",[28,126255,126256,126259],{},[17,126257,126258],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[53,126261,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,126263,126265],{"id":126264},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126267,126268,126269,3068,126272,114],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[17,126270,126271],{},"'hello'",[17,126273,64703],{},[1109,126275,126277],{"id":126276},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126279,126280],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1109,126282,126284],{"id":126283},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126286,185,126287,3068,126289,114],{},[17,126288,6464],{},[17,126290,3965],{},[1109,126292,126294],{"id":126293},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126296,185,126297,126299,126300,126302,126303,114],{},[17,126298,47862],{},", like ",[17,126301,80361],{},", which returns ",[17,126304,42306],{},[1109,126306,126308],{"id":126307},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126310,126311],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[53,126313,2094],{"id":2093},[25,126315,126316,126320,126326,126331,126340,126344],{},[28,126317,126318],{},[45,126319,125091],{"href":51153},[28,126321,126322],{},[45,126323,3764,126324,3697],{"href":42355},[17,126325,47862],{},[28,126327,126328],{},[45,126329,126330],{"href":123261},"How to convert int to string in Python",[28,126332,126333],{},[45,126334,126336,126337,946],{"href":126335},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[17,126338,126339],{},"format()",[28,126341,126342],{},[45,126343,125777],{"href":125776},[28,126345,126346],{},[45,126347,90387],{"href":90386},[2122,126349,126350],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":126352},[126353,126354,126355,126356,126357,126358,126359,126360,126361,126370,126377],{"id":15349,"depth":103,"text":15350},{"id":124930,"depth":103,"text":124931},{"id":125094,"depth":103,"text":125095},{"id":125169,"depth":103,"text":125170},{"id":125269,"depth":103,"text":125270},{"id":125374,"depth":103,"text":125375},{"id":125552,"depth":103,"text":125553},{"id":125669,"depth":103,"text":125670},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":126362},[126363,126364,126365,126366,126368,126369],{"id":90194,"depth":124,"text":90195},{"id":125842,"depth":124,"text":125843},{"id":125925,"depth":124,"text":125926},{"id":125989,"depth":124,"text":126367},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126095,"depth":124,"text":126096},{"id":60878,"depth":124,"text":60879},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":126371},[126372,126373,126374,126375,126376],{"id":126264,"depth":124,"text":126265},{"id":126276,"depth":124,"text":126277},{"id":126283,"depth":124,"text":126284},{"id":126293,"depth":124,"text":126294},{"id":126307,"depth":124,"text":126308},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124792,"description":126378},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126385,"title":126386,"body":126387,"description":128301,"extension":2153,"meta":128302,"navigation":127,"path":128303,"seo":128304,"stem":128305,"__hash__":128306},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126388,"toc":128262},[126389,126395,126400,126408,126410,126477,126479,126491,126500,126505,126509,126526,126528,126593,126595,126607,126612,126614,126642,126663,126666,126705,126707,126715,126719,126723,126727,126735,126738,126779,126781,126789,126792,126849,126851,126859,126863,126868,126912,126914,126922,126931,126935,126940,126988,126990,126998,127004,127006,127010,127022,127027,127106,127108,127128,127132,127136,127176,127178,127186,127190,127233,127235,127243,127247,127287,127289,127297,127301,127357,127359,127367,127373,127375,127379,127389,127456,127458,127471,127478,127521,127523,127531,127535,127538,127594,127596,127604,127607,127609,127686,127688,127696,127705,127707,127711,127715,127717,127739,127742,127789,127793,127832,127834,127842,127844,127886,127893,127898,127960,127962,127974,127980,127985,128034,128036,128055,128061,128063,128082,128084,128175,128177,128183,128190,128196,128202,128207,128216,128223,128231,128233,128259],[10,126390,123336,126392,11509],{"id":126391},"python-string-endswith-method",[17,126393,126394],{},"endswith()",[14,126396,123341,126397,126399],{},[17,126398,126394],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126401,126402,126403,3068,126405,126407],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[17,126404,3793],{},[17,126406,3863],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[53,126409,56],{"id":55},[58,126411,126413],{"className":60,"code":126412,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[17,126414,126415,126429,126454],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126416,126417,126420,126422,126424,126427],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126418,126419],{"class":73},"filename ",[67,126421,78],{"class":77},[67,126423,251],{"class":239},[67,126425,126426],{"class":243},"report.csv",[67,126428,3547],{"class":239},[67,126430,126431,126433,126435,126438,126440,126443,126445,126447,126450,126452],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,126432,135],{"class":134},[67,126434,138],{"class":81},[67,126436,126437],{"class":117},"filename",[67,126439,114],{"class":81},[67,126441,126442],{"class":117},"endswith",[67,126444,138],{"class":81},[67,126446,240],{"class":239},[67,126448,126449],{"class":243},".csv",[67,126451,240],{"class":239},[67,126453,1426],{"class":81},[67,126455,126456,126458,126460,126462,126464,126466,126468,126470,126473,126475],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,126457,135],{"class":134},[67,126459,138],{"class":81},[67,126461,126437],{"class":117},[67,126463,114],{"class":81},[67,126465,126442],{"class":117},[67,126467,138],{"class":81},[67,126469,240],{"class":239},[67,126471,126472],{"class":243},".txt",[67,126474,240],{"class":239},[67,126476,1426],{"class":81},[14,126478,159],{},[58,126480,126481],{"className":60,"code":44353,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,126482,126483,126487],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126484,126485],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126486,4170],{"class":4043},[67,126488,126489],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,126490,4231],{"class":4043},[14,126492,185,126493,5560,126495,3068,126497,126499],{},[17,126494,126394],{},[17,126496,3793],{},[17,126498,3863],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[53,126501,3867,126503,3870],{"id":126502},"what-endswith-does",[17,126504,126394],{},[14,126506,126507,1161],{},[17,126508,126394],{},[25,126510,126511,126514,126520,126523],{},[28,126512,126513],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[28,126515,11611,126516,3068,126518],{},[17,126517,3793],{},[17,126519,3863],{},[28,126521,126522],{},"Does not change the original string",[28,126524,126525],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126527,222],{},[58,126529,126531],{"className":60,"code":126530,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[17,126532,126533,126545,126549,126571],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126534,126535,126537,126539,126541,126543],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126536,34873],{"class":73},[67,126538,78],{"class":77},[67,126540,251],{"class":239},[67,126542,60575],{"class":243},[67,126544,3547],{"class":239},[67,126546,126547],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,126548,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,126550,126551,126553,126555,126557,126559,126561,126563,126565,126567,126569],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,126552,135],{"class":134},[67,126554,138],{"class":81},[67,126556,34894],{"class":117},[67,126558,114],{"class":81},[67,126560,126442],{"class":117},[67,126562,138],{"class":81},[67,126564,240],{"class":239},[67,126566,60760],{"class":243},[67,126568,240],{"class":239},[67,126570,1426],{"class":81},[67,126572,126573,126575,126577,126579,126581,126583,126585,126587,126589,126591],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,126574,135],{"class":134},[67,126576,138],{"class":81},[67,126578,34894],{"class":117},[67,126580,114],{"class":81},[67,126582,126442],{"class":117},[67,126584,138],{"class":81},[67,126586,240],{"class":239},[67,126588,4036],{"class":243},[67,126590,240],{"class":239},[67,126592,1426],{"class":81},[14,126594,159],{},[58,126596,126597],{"className":60,"code":44353,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,126598,126599,126603],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126600,126601],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126602,4170],{"class":4043},[67,126604,126605],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,126606,4231],{"class":4043},[14,126608,126609,126610,114],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[45,126611,125091],{"href":51153},[53,126613,352],{"id":351},[58,126615,126617],{"className":60,"code":126616,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[17,126618,126619],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126620,126621,126623,126625,126627,126629,126632,126634,126636,126638,126640],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126622,61343],{"class":73},[67,126624,114],{"class":81},[67,126626,126442],{"class":117},[67,126628,138],{"class":81},[67,126630,126631],{"class":117},"suffix",[67,126633,89],{"class":81},[67,126635,36235],{"class":117},[67,126637,89],{"class":81},[67,126639,65208],{"class":117},[67,126641,144],{"class":81},[25,126643,126644,126649,126656],{},[28,126645,126646,126648],{},[17,126647,126631],{}," is required",[28,126650,126651,961,126653,126655],{},[17,126652,36256],{},[17,126654,52838],{}," are optional",[28,126657,126658,961,126660,126662],{},[17,126659,36256],{},[17,126661,52838],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126664,126665],{},"Basic example:",[58,126667,126669],{"className":60,"code":126668,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[17,126670,126671,126683],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126672,126673,126675,126677,126679,126681],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126674,126419],{"class":73},[67,126676,78],{"class":77},[67,126678,251],{"class":239},[67,126680,86876],{"class":243},[67,126682,3547],{"class":239},[67,126684,126685,126687,126689,126691,126693,126695,126697,126699,126701,126703],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,126686,135],{"class":134},[67,126688,138],{"class":81},[67,126690,126437],{"class":117},[67,126692,114],{"class":81},[67,126694,126442],{"class":117},[67,126696,138],{"class":81},[67,126698,240],{"class":239},[67,126700,126472],{"class":243},[67,126702,240],{"class":239},[67,126704,1426],{"class":81},[14,126706,159],{},[58,126708,126709],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,126710,126711],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126712,126713],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126714,4170],{"class":4043},[53,126716,126718],{"id":126717},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1109,126720,126721],{"id":126631},[17,126722,126631],{},[14,126724,126725,30934],{},[17,126726,126631],{},[25,126728,126729,126732],{},[28,126730,126731],{},"A single string",[28,126733,126734],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126736,126737],{},"Single suffix:",[58,126739,126741],{"className":60,"code":126740,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[17,126742,126743,126756],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126744,126745,126747,126749,126751,126754],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126746,8065],{"class":73},[67,126748,78],{"class":77},[67,126750,251],{"class":239},[67,126752,126753],{"class":243},"image.png",[67,126755,3547],{"class":239},[67,126757,126758,126760,126762,126764,126766,126768,126770,126772,126775,126777],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,126759,135],{"class":134},[67,126761,138],{"class":81},[67,126763,7860],{"class":117},[67,126765,114],{"class":81},[67,126767,126442],{"class":117},[67,126769,138],{"class":81},[67,126771,240],{"class":239},[67,126773,126774],{"class":243},".png",[67,126776,240],{"class":239},[67,126778,1426],{"class":81},[14,126780,159],{},[58,126782,126783],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,126784,126785],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126786,126787],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126788,4170],{"class":4043},[14,126790,126791],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[58,126793,126795],{"className":60,"code":126794,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[17,126796,126797,126809],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126798,126799,126801,126803,126805,126807],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126800,8065],{"class":73},[67,126802,78],{"class":77},[67,126804,251],{"class":239},[67,126806,126753],{"class":243},[67,126808,3547],{"class":239},[67,126810,126811,126813,126815,126817,126819,126821,126823,126825,126828,126830,126832,126834,126836,126838,126840,126842,126845,126847],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,126812,135],{"class":134},[67,126814,138],{"class":81},[67,126816,7860],{"class":117},[67,126818,114],{"class":81},[67,126820,126442],{"class":117},[67,126822,5702],{"class":81},[67,126824,240],{"class":239},[67,126826,126827],{"class":243},".jpg",[67,126829,240],{"class":239},[67,126831,89],{"class":81},[67,126833,251],{"class":239},[67,126835,126774],{"class":243},[67,126837,240],{"class":239},[67,126839,89],{"class":81},[67,126841,251],{"class":239},[67,126843,126844],{"class":243},".gif",[67,126846,240],{"class":239},[67,126848,3102],{"class":81},[14,126850,159],{},[58,126852,126853],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,126854,126855],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126856,126857],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126858,4170],{"class":4043},[1109,126860,126861],{"id":36256},[17,126862,36256],{},[14,126864,126865,126867],{},[17,126866,36256],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[58,126869,126871],{"className":60,"code":126870,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[17,126872,126873,126886],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126874,126875,126877,126879,126881,126884],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126876,34873],{"class":73},[67,126878,78],{"class":77},[67,126880,251],{"class":239},[67,126882,126883],{"class":243},"my_report.csv",[67,126885,3547],{"class":239},[67,126887,126888,126890,126892,126894,126896,126898,126900,126902,126904,126906,126908,126910],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,126889,135],{"class":134},[67,126891,138],{"class":81},[67,126893,34894],{"class":117},[67,126895,114],{"class":81},[67,126897,126442],{"class":117},[67,126899,138],{"class":81},[67,126901,240],{"class":239},[67,126903,126449],{"class":243},[67,126905,240],{"class":239},[67,126907,89],{"class":81},[67,126909,2639],{"class":85},[67,126911,1426],{"class":81},[14,126913,159],{},[58,126915,126916],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,126917,126918],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126919,126920],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126921,4170],{"class":4043},[14,126923,126924,126925,126927,126928,114],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[17,126926,2251],{}," onward, which is ",[17,126929,126930],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1109,126932,126933],{"id":52838},[17,126934,52838],{},[14,126936,126937,126939],{},[17,126938,52838],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[58,126941,126943],{"className":60,"code":126942,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[17,126944,126945,126958],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126946,126947,126949,126951,126953,126956],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126948,34873],{"class":73},[67,126950,78],{"class":77},[67,126952,251],{"class":239},[67,126954,126955],{"class":243},"report.csv backup",[67,126957,3547],{"class":239},[67,126959,126960,126962,126964,126966,126968,126970,126972,126974,126976,126978,126980,126982,126984,126986],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,126961,135],{"class":134},[67,126963,138],{"class":81},[67,126965,34894],{"class":117},[67,126967,114],{"class":81},[67,126969,126442],{"class":117},[67,126971,138],{"class":81},[67,126973,240],{"class":239},[67,126975,126449],{"class":243},[67,126977,240],{"class":239},[67,126979,89],{"class":81},[67,126981,1388],{"class":85},[67,126983,89],{"class":81},[67,126985,6196],{"class":85},[67,126987,1426],{"class":81},[14,126989,159],{},[58,126991,126992],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,126993,126994],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,126995,126996],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,126997,4170],{"class":4043},[14,126999,127000,127001,127003],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[17,127002,126930],{}," and ignores the rest.",[53,127005,17607],{"id":17606},[14,127007,127008,25697],{},[17,127009,126394],{},[25,127011,127012,127017],{},[28,127013,127014,127016],{},[17,127015,3793],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[28,127018,127019,127021],{},[17,127020,3863],{}," if it does not",[14,127023,127024,127025,7364],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[17,127026,1217],{},[58,127028,127030],{"className":60,"code":127029,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[17,127031,127032,127045,127049,127070,127085,127091],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127033,127034,127036,127038,127040,127043],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127035,126419],{"class":73},[67,127037,78],{"class":77},[67,127039,251],{"class":239},[67,127041,127042],{"class":243},"data.csv",[67,127044,3547],{"class":239},[67,127046,127047],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127048,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,127050,127051,127053,127056,127058,127060,127062,127064,127066,127068],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,127052,1217],{"class":1167},[67,127054,127055],{"class":73}," filename",[67,127057,114],{"class":81},[67,127059,126442],{"class":117},[67,127061,138],{"class":81},[67,127063,240],{"class":239},[67,127065,126449],{"class":243},[67,127067,240],{"class":239},[67,127069,1407],{"class":81},[67,127071,127072,127074,127076,127078,127081,127083],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,127073,1228],{"class":134},[67,127075,138],{"class":81},[67,127077,240],{"class":239},[67,127079,127080],{"class":243},"This is a CSV file.",[67,127082,240],{"class":239},[67,127084,144],{"class":81},[67,127086,127087,127089],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,127088,1244],{"class":1167},[67,127090,1223],{"class":81},[67,127092,127093,127095,127097,127099,127102,127104],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,127094,1228],{"class":134},[67,127096,138],{"class":81},[67,127098,240],{"class":239},[67,127100,127101],{"class":243},"This is not a CSV file.",[67,127103,240],{"class":239},[67,127105,144],{"class":81},[14,127107,159],{},[58,127109,127111],{"className":60,"code":127110,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"This is a CSV file.\n",[17,127112,127113],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127114,127115,127117,127119,127121,127124,127126],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127116,50058],{"class":73},[67,127118,12383],{"class":77},[67,127120,44724],{"class":73},[67,127122,127123],{"class":34638},"CSV",[67,127125,86617],{"class":86616},[67,127127,122368],{"class":81},[53,127129,127131],{"id":127130},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1109,127133,127135],{"id":127134},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[58,127137,127139],{"className":60,"code":127138,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[17,127140,127141,127154],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127142,127143,127145,127147,127149,127152],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127144,126419],{"class":73},[67,127146,78],{"class":77},[67,127148,251],{"class":239},[67,127150,127151],{"class":243},"sales.csv",[67,127153,3547],{"class":239},[67,127155,127156,127158,127160,127162,127164,127166,127168,127170,127172,127174],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127157,135],{"class":134},[67,127159,138],{"class":81},[67,127161,126437],{"class":117},[67,127163,114],{"class":81},[67,127165,126442],{"class":117},[67,127167,138],{"class":81},[67,127169,240],{"class":239},[67,127171,126449],{"class":243},[67,127173,240],{"class":239},[67,127175,1426],{"class":81},[14,127177,159],{},[58,127179,127180],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,127181,127182],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127183,127184],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127185,4170],{"class":4043},[1109,127187,127189],{"id":127188},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[58,127191,127193],{"className":60,"code":127192,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[17,127194,127195,127209],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127196,127197,127200,127202,127204,127207],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127198,127199],{"class":73},"url ",[67,127201,78],{"class":77},[67,127203,251],{"class":239},[67,127205,127206],{"class":243},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[67,127208,3547],{"class":239},[67,127210,127211,127213,127215,127218,127220,127222,127224,127226,127229,127231],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127212,135],{"class":134},[67,127214,138],{"class":81},[67,127216,127217],{"class":117},"url",[67,127219,114],{"class":81},[67,127221,126442],{"class":117},[67,127223,138],{"class":81},[67,127225,240],{"class":239},[67,127227,127228],{"class":243},"\u002F",[67,127230,240],{"class":239},[67,127232,1426],{"class":81},[14,127234,159],{},[58,127236,127237],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,127238,127239],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127240,127241],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127242,4170],{"class":4043},[1109,127244,127246],{"id":127245},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[58,127248,127250],{"className":60,"code":127249,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[17,127251,127252,127265],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127253,127254,127256,127258,127260,127263],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127255,89988],{"class":73},[67,127257,78],{"class":77},[67,127259,251],{"class":239},[67,127261,127262],{"class":243},"Hello!",[67,127264,3547],{"class":239},[67,127266,127267,127269,127271,127273,127275,127277,127279,127281,127283,127285],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127268,135],{"class":134},[67,127270,138],{"class":81},[67,127272,90005],{"class":117},[67,127274,114],{"class":81},[67,127276,126442],{"class":117},[67,127278,138],{"class":81},[67,127280,240],{"class":239},[67,127282,89829],{"class":243},[67,127284,240],{"class":239},[67,127286,1426],{"class":81},[14,127288,159],{},[58,127290,127291],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,127292,127293],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127294,127295],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127296,4170],{"class":4043},[1109,127298,127300],{"id":127299},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[58,127302,127304],{"className":60,"code":127303,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[17,127305,127306,127319],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127307,127308,127310,127312,127314,127317],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127309,126419],{"class":73},[67,127311,78],{"class":77},[67,127313,251],{"class":239},[67,127315,127316],{"class":243},"photo.jpg",[67,127318,3547],{"class":239},[67,127320,127321,127323,127325,127327,127329,127331,127333,127335,127337,127339,127341,127343,127345,127347,127349,127351,127353,127355],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127322,135],{"class":134},[67,127324,138],{"class":81},[67,127326,126437],{"class":117},[67,127328,114],{"class":81},[67,127330,126442],{"class":117},[67,127332,5702],{"class":81},[67,127334,240],{"class":239},[67,127336,126827],{"class":243},[67,127338,240],{"class":239},[67,127340,89],{"class":81},[67,127342,251],{"class":239},[67,127344,126774],{"class":243},[67,127346,240],{"class":239},[67,127348,89],{"class":81},[67,127350,251],{"class":239},[67,127352,126844],{"class":243},[67,127354,240],{"class":239},[67,127356,3102],{"class":81},[14,127358,159],{},[58,127360,127361],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,127362,127363],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127364,127365],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127366,4170],{"class":4043},[14,127368,127369,127370,114],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[45,127371,127372],{"href":123591},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[53,127374,123983],{"id":123982},[14,127376,127377,123794],{},[17,127378,126394],{},[14,127380,127381,127382,961,127385,127388],{},"That means ",[17,127383,127384],{},"\".CSV\"",[17,127386,127387],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[58,127390,127392],{"className":60,"code":127391,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[17,127393,127394,127407,127411,127433],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127395,127396,127398,127400,127402,127405],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127397,126419],{"class":73},[67,127399,78],{"class":77},[67,127401,251],{"class":239},[67,127403,127404],{"class":243},"REPORT.CSV",[67,127406,3547],{"class":239},[67,127408,127409],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127410,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,127412,127413,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425,127427,127429,127431],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,127414,135],{"class":134},[67,127416,138],{"class":81},[67,127418,126437],{"class":117},[67,127420,114],{"class":81},[67,127422,126442],{"class":117},[67,127424,138],{"class":81},[67,127426,240],{"class":239},[67,127428,126449],{"class":243},[67,127430,240],{"class":239},[67,127432,1426],{"class":81},[67,127434,127435,127437,127439,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449,127452,127454],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,127436,135],{"class":134},[67,127438,138],{"class":81},[67,127440,126437],{"class":117},[67,127442,114],{"class":81},[67,127444,126442],{"class":117},[67,127446,138],{"class":81},[67,127448,240],{"class":239},[67,127450,127451],{"class":243},".CSV",[67,127453,240],{"class":239},[67,127455,1426],{"class":81},[14,127457,159],{},[58,127459,127461],{"className":60,"code":127460,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"False\nTrue\n",[17,127462,127463,127467],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127464,127465],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127466,4231],{"class":4043},[67,127468,127469],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127470,4170],{"class":4043},[14,127472,127473,127474,114],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[45,127475,127476],{"href":124063},[17,127477,124066],{},[58,127479,127481],{"className":60,"code":127480,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[17,127482,127483,127495],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127484,127485,127487,127489,127491,127493],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127486,126419],{"class":73},[67,127488,78],{"class":77},[67,127490,251],{"class":239},[67,127492,127404],{"class":243},[67,127494,3547],{"class":239},[67,127496,127497,127499,127501,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127498,135],{"class":134},[67,127500,138],{"class":81},[67,127502,126437],{"class":117},[67,127504,114],{"class":81},[67,127506,8827],{"class":117},[67,127508,8824],{"class":81},[67,127510,126442],{"class":117},[67,127512,138],{"class":81},[67,127514,240],{"class":239},[67,127516,126449],{"class":243},[67,127518,240],{"class":239},[67,127520,1426],{"class":81},[14,127522,159],{},[58,127524,127525],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,127526,127527],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127528,127529],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127530,4170],{"class":4043},[53,127532,127534],{"id":127533},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127536,127537],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[58,127539,127541],{"className":60,"code":127540,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[17,127542,127543,127556],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127544,127545,127547,127549,127551,127554],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127546,126419],{"class":73},[67,127548,78],{"class":77},[67,127550,251],{"class":239},[67,127552,127553],{"class":243},"picture.gif",[67,127555,3547],{"class":239},[67,127557,127558,127560,127562,127564,127566,127568,127570,127572,127574,127576,127578,127580,127582,127584,127586,127588,127590,127592],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127559,135],{"class":134},[67,127561,138],{"class":81},[67,127563,126437],{"class":117},[67,127565,114],{"class":81},[67,127567,126442],{"class":117},[67,127569,5702],{"class":81},[67,127571,240],{"class":239},[67,127573,126827],{"class":243},[67,127575,240],{"class":239},[67,127577,89],{"class":81},[67,127579,251],{"class":239},[67,127581,126774],{"class":243},[67,127583,240],{"class":239},[67,127585,89],{"class":81},[67,127587,251],{"class":239},[67,127589,126844],{"class":243},[67,127591,240],{"class":239},[67,127593,3102],{"class":81},[14,127595,159],{},[58,127597,127598],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,127599,127600],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127601,127602],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127603,4170],{"class":4043},[14,127605,127606],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127608,52257],{},[58,127610,127612],{"className":60,"code":127611,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[17,127613,127614,127627,127662,127666],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127615,127616,127619,127621,127623,127625],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127617,127618],{"class":73},"document ",[67,127620,78],{"class":77},[67,127622,251],{"class":239},[67,127624,86876],{"class":243},[67,127626,3547],{"class":239},[67,127628,127629,127632,127634,127636,127638,127640,127642,127644,127646,127649,127651,127653,127655,127658,127660],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127630,127631],{"class":73},"allowed ",[67,127633,78],{"class":77},[67,127635,9423],{"class":81},[67,127637,240],{"class":239},[67,127639,126472],{"class":243},[67,127641,240],{"class":239},[67,127643,89],{"class":81},[67,127645,251],{"class":239},[67,127647,127648],{"class":243},".md",[67,127650,240],{"class":239},[67,127652,89],{"class":81},[67,127654,251],{"class":239},[67,127656,127657],{"class":243},".docx",[67,127659,240],{"class":239},[67,127661,144],{"class":81},[67,127663,127664],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,127665,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,127667,127668,127670,127672,127675,127677,127679,127681,127684],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,127669,135],{"class":134},[67,127671,138],{"class":81},[67,127673,127674],{"class":117},"document",[67,127676,114],{"class":81},[67,127678,126442],{"class":117},[67,127680,138],{"class":81},[67,127682,127683],{"class":117},"allowed",[67,127685,1426],{"class":81},[14,127687,159],{},[58,127689,127690],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,127691,127692],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127693,127694],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127695,4170],{"class":4043},[14,127697,127698,127699,114],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[45,127700,126336,127702,946],{"href":127701},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[17,127703,127704],{},"startswith()",[53,127706,1907],{"id":1906},[14,127708,8634,127709,114],{},[17,127710,126394],{},[1109,127712,127714],{"id":127713},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127716,4714],{},[58,127718,127720],{"className":60,"code":127719,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[17,127721,127722,127734],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127723,127724,127726,127728,127730,127732],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127725,126419],{"class":73},[67,127727,78],{"class":77},[67,127729,251],{"class":239},[67,127731,127316],{"class":243},[67,127733,3547],{"class":239},[67,127735,127736],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127737,127738],{"class":3852},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127740,127741],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[58,127743,127745],{"className":60,"code":127744,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[17,127746,127747,127759],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127748,127749,127751,127753,127755,127757],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127750,126419],{"class":73},[67,127752,78],{"class":77},[67,127754,251],{"class":239},[67,127756,127316],{"class":243},[67,127758,3547],{"class":239},[67,127760,127761,127763,127765,127767,127769,127771,127773,127775,127777,127779,127781,127783,127785,127787],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127762,135],{"class":134},[67,127764,138],{"class":81},[67,127766,126437],{"class":117},[67,127768,114],{"class":81},[67,127770,126442],{"class":117},[67,127772,5702],{"class":81},[67,127774,240],{"class":239},[67,127776,126827],{"class":243},[67,127778,240],{"class":239},[67,127780,89],{"class":81},[67,127782,251],{"class":239},[67,127784,126774],{"class":243},[67,127786,240],{"class":239},[67,127788,3102],{"class":81},[1109,127790,127792],{"id":127791},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[58,127794,127796],{"className":60,"code":127795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[17,127797,127798,127810],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127799,127800,127802,127804,127806,127808],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127801,126419],{"class":73},[67,127803,78],{"class":77},[67,127805,251],{"class":239},[67,127807,127404],{"class":243},[67,127809,3547],{"class":239},[67,127811,127812,127814,127816,127818,127820,127822,127824,127826,127828,127830],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127813,135],{"class":134},[67,127815,138],{"class":81},[67,127817,126437],{"class":117},[67,127819,114],{"class":81},[67,127821,126442],{"class":117},[67,127823,138],{"class":81},[67,127825,240],{"class":239},[67,127827,126449],{"class":243},[67,127829,240],{"class":239},[67,127831,1426],{"class":81},[14,127833,159],{},[58,127835,127836],{"className":60,"code":4231,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,127837,127838],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127839,127840],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127841,4231],{"class":4043},[14,127843,1177],{},[58,127845,127846],{"className":60,"code":127480,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,127847,127848,127860],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127849,127850,127852,127854,127856,127858],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127851,126419],{"class":73},[67,127853,78],{"class":77},[67,127855,251],{"class":239},[67,127857,127404],{"class":243},[67,127859,3547],{"class":239},[67,127861,127862,127864,127866,127868,127870,127872,127874,127876,127878,127880,127882,127884],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127863,135],{"class":134},[67,127865,138],{"class":81},[67,127867,126437],{"class":117},[67,127869,114],{"class":81},[67,127871,8827],{"class":117},[67,127873,8824],{"class":81},[67,127875,126442],{"class":117},[67,127877,138],{"class":81},[67,127879,240],{"class":239},[67,127881,126449],{"class":243},[67,127883,240],{"class":239},[67,127885,1426],{"class":81},[1109,127887,1923,127889,43,127891],{"id":127888},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[17,127890,126394],{},[17,127892,4074],{},[14,127894,127895,127897],{},[17,127896,126394],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[58,127899,127901],{"className":60,"code":127900,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[17,127902,127903,127916,127920,127942],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127904,127905,127907,127909,127911,127914],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127906,34873],{"class":73},[67,127908,78],{"class":77},[67,127910,251],{"class":239},[67,127912,127913],{"class":243},"my_report.csv.backup",[67,127915,3547],{"class":239},[67,127917,127918],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127919,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,127921,127922,127924,127926,127928,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,127923,135],{"class":134},[67,127925,138],{"class":81},[67,127927,34894],{"class":117},[67,127929,114],{"class":81},[67,127931,126442],{"class":117},[67,127933,138],{"class":81},[67,127935,240],{"class":239},[67,127937,126449],{"class":243},[67,127939,240],{"class":239},[67,127941,1426],{"class":81},[67,127943,127944,127946,127948,127950,127952,127954,127956,127958],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,127945,135],{"class":134},[67,127947,138],{"class":81},[67,127949,240],{"class":239},[67,127951,126449],{"class":243},[67,127953,240],{"class":239},[67,127955,21362],{"class":1167},[67,127957,43021],{"class":117},[67,127959,144],{"class":81},[14,127961,159],{},[58,127963,127964],{"className":60,"code":127460,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,127965,127966,127970],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127967,127968],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127969,4231],{"class":4043},[67,127971,127972],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,127973,4170],{"class":4043},[1109,127975,1930,127977,127979],{"id":127976},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[17,127978,126394],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,127981,127982,127984],{},[17,127983,126394],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[58,127986,127988],{"className":60,"code":127987,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[17,127989,127990,128002,128024],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,127991,127992,127994,127996,127998,128000],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,127993,126419],{"class":73},[67,127995,78],{"class":77},[67,127997,251],{"class":239},[67,127999,126426],{"class":243},[67,128001,3547],{"class":239},[67,128003,128004,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014,128016,128018,128020,128022],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,128005,135],{"class":134},[67,128007,138],{"class":81},[67,128009,126437],{"class":117},[67,128011,114],{"class":81},[67,128013,126442],{"class":117},[67,128015,138],{"class":81},[67,128017,240],{"class":239},[67,128019,126449],{"class":243},[67,128021,240],{"class":239},[67,128023,1426],{"class":81},[67,128025,128026,128028,128030,128032],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,128027,135],{"class":134},[67,128029,138],{"class":81},[67,128031,126437],{"class":117},[67,128033,144],{"class":81},[14,128035,159],{},[58,128037,128039],{"className":60,"code":128038,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"True\nreport.csv\n",[17,128040,128041,128045],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,128042,128043],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,128044,4170],{"class":4043},[67,128046,128047,128050,128052],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,128048,128049],{"class":73},"report",[67,128051,114],{"class":81},[67,128053,128054],{"class":24938},"csv\n",[14,128056,128057,128058,114],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[45,128059,128060],{"href":124504},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,128062,66230],{},[25,128064,128065,128068,128071,128074],{},[28,128066,128067],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[28,128069,128070],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[28,128072,128073],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[28,128075,8604,128076,44809,128078,3068,128080,111533],{},[17,128077,126394],{},[17,128079,124507],{},[17,128081,41833],{},[14,128083,30319],{},[58,128085,128087],{"className":60,"code":128086,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,128088,128089,128099,128113,128135,128161],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,128090,128091,128093,128095,128097],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,128092,135],{"class":134},[67,128094,138],{"class":81},[67,128096,34894],{"class":117},[67,128098,144],{"class":81},[67,128100,128101,128103,128105,128107,128109,128111],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,128102,135],{"class":134},[67,128104,138],{"class":81},[67,128106,41959],{"class":134},[67,128108,138],{"class":81},[67,128110,34894],{"class":117},[67,128112,1426],{"class":81},[67,128114,128115,128117,128119,128121,128123,128125,128127,128129,128131,128133],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,128116,135],{"class":134},[67,128118,138],{"class":81},[67,128120,34894],{"class":117},[67,128122,114],{"class":81},[67,128124,126442],{"class":117},[67,128126,138],{"class":81},[67,128128,333],{"class":239},[67,128130,126449],{"class":243},[67,128132,333],{"class":239},[67,128134,1426],{"class":81},[67,128136,128137,128139,128141,128143,128145,128147,128149,128151,128153,128155,128157,128159],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,128138,135],{"class":134},[67,128140,138],{"class":81},[67,128142,34894],{"class":117},[67,128144,114],{"class":81},[67,128146,8827],{"class":117},[67,128148,8824],{"class":81},[67,128150,126442],{"class":117},[67,128152,138],{"class":81},[67,128154,333],{"class":239},[67,128156,126449],{"class":243},[67,128158,333],{"class":239},[67,128160,1426],{"class":81},[67,128162,128163,128165,128167,128169,128171,128173],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,128164,135],{"class":134},[67,128166,138],{"class":81},[67,128168,2011],{"class":362},[67,128170,138],{"class":81},[67,128172,34894],{"class":117},[67,128174,1426],{"class":81},[53,128176,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,128178,12894,128180,128182],{"id":128179},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[17,128181,126394],{}," change the string?",[14,128184,128185,128186,3068,128188,114],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[17,128187,3793],{},[17,128189,3863],{},[1109,128191,5359,128193,128195],{"id":128192},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[17,128194,126394],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,128197,128198,128199,114],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[17,128200,128201],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1109,128203,15090,128205,124672],{"id":128204},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[17,128206,126394],{},[14,128208,128209,128210,3068,128212,128215],{},"Yes. Use ",[17,128211,124066],{},[17,128213,128214],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1109,128217,5369,128219,961,128221,2681],{"id":128218},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[17,128220,126394],{},[17,128222,124331],{},[14,128224,128225,128227,128228,128230],{},[17,128226,126394],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[17,128229,124331],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[53,128232,2094],{"id":2093},[25,128234,128235,128241,128247,128251,128255],{},[28,128236,128237],{},[45,128238,126336,128239,946],{"href":127701},[17,128240,127704],{},[28,128242,128243],{},[45,128244,126336,128245,946],{"href":124063},[17,128246,124066],{},[28,128248,128249],{},[45,128250,124735],{"href":123591},[28,128252,128253],{},[45,128254,124742],{"href":124504},[28,128256,128257],{},[45,128258,125091],{"href":51153},[2122,128260,128261],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":128263},[128264,128265,128267,128268,128273,128274,128280,128281,128282,128290,128300],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":126502,"depth":103,"text":128266},"What endswith() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":126717,"depth":103,"text":126718,"children":128269},[128270,128271,128272],{"id":126631,"depth":124,"text":126631},{"id":36256,"depth":124,"text":36256},{"id":52838,"depth":124,"text":52838},{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607},{"id":127130,"depth":103,"text":127131,"children":128275},[128276,128277,128278,128279],{"id":127134,"depth":124,"text":127135},{"id":127188,"depth":124,"text":127189},{"id":127245,"depth":124,"text":127246},{"id":127299,"depth":124,"text":127300},{"id":123982,"depth":103,"text":123983},{"id":127533,"depth":103,"text":127534},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":128283},[128284,128285,128286,128288],{"id":127713,"depth":124,"text":127714},{"id":127791,"depth":124,"text":127792},{"id":127888,"depth":124,"text":128287},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127976,"depth":124,"text":128289},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":128291},[128292,128294,128296,128298],{"id":128179,"depth":124,"text":128293},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128192,"depth":124,"text":128295},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128204,"depth":124,"text":128297},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128218,"depth":124,"text":128299},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126386,"description":128301},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128308,"title":128309,"body":128310,"description":129978,"extension":2153,"meta":129979,"navigation":127,"path":129980,"seo":129981,"stem":129982,"__hash__":129983},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128311,"toc":129951},[128312,128317,128322,128327,128332,128425,128435,128440,128445,128460,128462,128544,128552,128554,128556,128583,128585,128601,128608,128610,128718,128720,128725,128741,128743,128838,128846,128849,128855,128860,128865,128872,129011,129014,129027,129029,129033,129040,129110,129113,129162,129169,129176,129190,129195,129200,129246,129292,129308,129310,129315,129329,129332,129454,129459,129461,129466,129499,129502,129578,129580,129589,129603,129606,129690,129693,129804,129807,129835,129837,129844,129848,129854,129857,129863,129866,129873,129884,129890,129897,129899,129948],[10,128313,123336,128315,11509],{"id":128314},"python-string-find-method",[17,128316,124331],{},[14,128318,123341,128319,128321],{},[17,128320,124331],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128323,128324,128325,114],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[17,128326,935],{},[14,128328,185,128329,128331],{},[17,128330,124331],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[58,128333,128335],{"className":60,"code":128334,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[17,128336,128337,128349,128372,128385,128389,128412],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,128338,128339,128341,128343,128345,128347],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,128340,34873],{"class":73},[67,128342,78],{"class":77},[67,128344,251],{"class":239},[67,128346,60575],{"class":243},[67,128348,3547],{"class":239},[67,128350,128351,128353,128355,128357,128359,128362,128364,128366,128368,128370],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,128352,65087],{"class":73},[67,128354,78],{"class":77},[67,128356,43021],{"class":73},[67,128358,114],{"class":81},[67,128360,128361],{"class":117},"find",[67,128363,138],{"class":81},[67,128365,240],{"class":239},[67,128367,60760],{"class":243},[67,128369,240],{"class":239},[67,128371,144],{"class":81},[67,128373,128374,128376,128378,128380,128382],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,128375,135],{"class":134},[67,128377,138],{"class":81},[67,128379,65114],{"class":117},[67,128381,3849],{"class":81},[67,128383,128384],{"class":3852},"   # 6\n",[67,128386,128387],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,128388,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,128390,128391,128394,128396,128398,128400,128402,128404,128406,128408,128410],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,128392,128393],{"class":73},"missing ",[67,128395,78],{"class":77},[67,128397,43021],{"class":73},[67,128399,114],{"class":81},[67,128401,128361],{"class":117},[67,128403,138],{"class":81},[67,128405,240],{"class":239},[67,128407,62],{"class":243},[67,128409,240],{"class":239},[67,128411,144],{"class":81},[67,128413,128414,128416,128418,128420,128422],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,128415,135],{"class":134},[67,128417,138],{"class":81},[67,128419,26961],{"class":117},[67,128421,3849],{"class":81},[67,128423,128424],{"class":3852},"    # -1\n",[43760,128426,128427],{},[14,128428,185,128429,128431,128432,128434],{},[17,128430,124331],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[17,128433,935],{}," if the substring is not found.",[53,128436,3867,128438,3870],{"id":128437},"what-find-does",[17,128439,124331],{},[14,128441,128442,128444],{},[17,128443,124331],{}," is a string method that:",[25,128446,128447,128450,128453,128458],{},[28,128448,128449],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[28,128451,128452],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[28,128454,11611,128455,128457],{},[17,128456,935],{}," if no match is found",[28,128459,126522],{},[14,128461,222],{},[58,128463,128465],{"className":60,"code":128464,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[17,128466,128467,128479,128483,128507,128531],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,128468,128469,128471,128473,128475,128477],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,128470,34873],{"class":73},[67,128472,78],{"class":77},[67,128474,251],{"class":239},[67,128476,698],{"class":243},[67,128478,3547],{"class":239},[67,128480,128481],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,128482,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,128484,128485,128487,128489,128491,128493,128495,128497,128499,128501,128503,128505],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,128486,135],{"class":134},[67,128488,138],{"class":81},[67,128490,34894],{"class":117},[67,128492,114],{"class":81},[67,128494,128361],{"class":117},[67,128496,138],{"class":81},[67,128498,240],{"class":239},[67,128500,123429],{"class":243},[67,128502,240],{"class":239},[67,128504,5552],{"class":81},[67,128506,57814],{"class":3852},[67,128508,128509,128511,128513,128515,128517,128519,128521,128523,128525,128527,128529],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,128510,135],{"class":134},[67,128512,138],{"class":81},[67,128514,34894],{"class":117},[67,128516,114],{"class":81},[67,128518,128361],{"class":117},[67,128520,138],{"class":81},[67,128522,240],{"class":239},[67,128524,2361],{"class":243},[67,128526,240],{"class":239},[67,128528,5552],{"class":81},[67,128530,128424],{"class":3852},[67,128532,128533,128535,128537,128539,128541],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,128534,135],{"class":134},[67,128536,138],{"class":81},[67,128538,34894],{"class":117},[67,128540,3849],{"class":81},[67,128542,128543],{"class":3852},"              # banana\n",[14,128545,20959,128546,128549,128550,114],{},[17,128547,128548],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[17,128551,2245],{},[53,128553,352],{"id":351},[14,128555,2347],{},[58,128557,128559],{"className":60,"code":128558,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[17,128560,128561],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,128562,128563,128565,128567,128569,128571,128573,128575,128577,128579,128581],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,128564,61343],{"class":73},[67,128566,114],{"class":81},[67,128568,128361],{"class":117},[67,128570,138],{"class":81},[67,128572,2661],{"class":117},[67,128574,89],{"class":81},[67,128576,36235],{"class":117},[67,128578,89],{"class":81},[67,128580,65208],{"class":117},[67,128582,144],{"class":81},[1109,128584,17583],{"id":17582},[25,128586,128587,128591,128596],{},[28,128588,128589,123528],{},[17,128590,2661],{},[28,128592,128593,128595],{},[17,128594,36256],{},": optional starting position",[28,128597,128598,128600],{},[17,128599,52838],{},": optional ending position",[14,128602,128603,961,128605,128607],{},[17,128604,36256],{},[17,128606,52838],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128609,126665],{},[58,128611,128613],{"className":60,"code":128612,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[17,128614,128615,128627,128631,128656,128685],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,128616,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,128618,34873],{"class":73},[67,128620,78],{"class":77},[67,128622,251],{"class":239},[67,128624,60575],{"class":243},[67,128626,3547],{"class":239},[67,128628,128629],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,128630,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,128632,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645,128647,128649,128651,128653],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,128634,135],{"class":134},[67,128636,138],{"class":81},[67,128638,34894],{"class":117},[67,128640,114],{"class":81},[67,128642,128361],{"class":117},[67,128644,138],{"class":81},[67,128646,240],{"class":239},[67,128648,60642],{"class":243},[67,128650,240],{"class":239},[67,128652,5552],{"class":81},[67,128654,128655],{"class":3852},"        # 4\n",[67,128657,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668,128670,128672,128674,128676,128678,128680,128682],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,128659,135],{"class":134},[67,128661,138],{"class":81},[67,128663,34894],{"class":117},[67,128665,114],{"class":81},[67,128667,128361],{"class":117},[67,128669,138],{"class":81},[67,128671,240],{"class":239},[67,128673,60642],{"class":243},[67,128675,240],{"class":239},[67,128677,89],{"class":81},[67,128679,4794],{"class":85},[67,128681,5552],{"class":81},[67,128683,128684],{"class":3852},"     # 7\n",[67,128686,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701,128703,128705,128707,128709,128711,128713,128715],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,128688,135],{"class":134},[67,128690,138],{"class":81},[67,128692,34894],{"class":117},[67,128694,114],{"class":81},[67,128696,128361],{"class":117},[67,128698,138],{"class":81},[67,128700,240],{"class":239},[67,128702,60642],{"class":243},[67,128704,240],{"class":239},[67,128706,89],{"class":81},[67,128708,4794],{"class":85},[67,128710,89],{"class":81},[67,128712,6185],{"class":85},[67,128714,5552],{"class":81},[67,128716,128717],{"class":3852},"  # -1\n",[53,128719,38200],{"id":38199},[14,128721,57713,128722,128724],{},[17,128723,124331],{}," is always an integer.",[25,128726,128727,128733,128736],{},[28,128728,128729,128730,128732],{},"A number ",[17,128731,1031],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[28,128734,128735],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[28,128737,128738,128740],{},[17,128739,935],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128742,222],{},[58,128744,128746],{"className":60,"code":128745,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[17,128747,128748,128760,128764,128789,128814],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,128749,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,128751,34873],{"class":73},[67,128753,78],{"class":77},[67,128755,251],{"class":239},[67,128757,62],{"class":243},[67,128759,3547],{"class":239},[67,128761,128762],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,128763,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,128765,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780,128783,128785,128787],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,128767,135],{"class":134},[67,128769,138],{"class":81},[67,128771,34894],{"class":117},[67,128773,114],{"class":81},[67,128775,128361],{"class":117},[67,128777,138],{"class":81},[67,128779,240],{"class":239},[67,128781,128782],{"class":243},"py",[67,128784,240],{"class":239},[67,128786,5552],{"class":81},[67,128788,20956],{"class":3852},[67,128790,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805,128808,128810,128812],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,128792,135],{"class":134},[67,128794,138],{"class":81},[67,128796,34894],{"class":117},[67,128798,114],{"class":81},[67,128800,128361],{"class":117},[67,128802,138],{"class":81},[67,128804,240],{"class":239},[67,128806,128807],{"class":243},"th",[67,128809,240],{"class":239},[67,128811,5552],{"class":81},[67,128813,57814],{"class":3852},[67,128815,128816,128818,128820,128822,128824,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,128817,135],{"class":134},[67,128819,138],{"class":81},[67,128821,34894],{"class":117},[67,128823,114],{"class":81},[67,128825,128361],{"class":117},[67,128827,138],{"class":81},[67,128829,240],{"class":239},[67,128831,22266],{"class":243},[67,128833,240],{"class":239},[67,128835,5552],{"class":81},[67,128837,128424],{"class":3852},[14,128839,89891,128840,8642,128842,3068,128844,114],{},[17,128841,124331],{},[17,128843,3793],{},[17,128845,3863],{},[14,128847,128848],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[53,128850,8604,128851,961,128853],{"id":65574},[17,128852,36256],{},[17,128854,52838],{},[14,128856,185,128857,128859],{},[17,128858,36256],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128861,185,128862,128864],{},[17,128863,52838],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128866,379,128867,75443,128869,128871],{},[17,128868,52838],{},[3934,128870,65237],{}," in the search.",[58,128873,128875],{"className":60,"code":128874,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[17,128876,128877,128890,128894,128918,128947,128979],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,128878,128879,128881,128883,128885,128888],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,128880,34873],{"class":73},[67,128882,78],{"class":77},[67,128884,251],{"class":239},[67,128886,128887],{"class":243},"one two three two",[67,128889,3547],{"class":239},[67,128891,128892],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,128893,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,128895,128896,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910,128912,128914,128916],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,128897,135],{"class":134},[67,128899,138],{"class":81},[67,128901,34894],{"class":117},[67,128903,114],{"class":81},[67,128905,128361],{"class":117},[67,128907,138],{"class":81},[67,128909,240],{"class":239},[67,128911,79252],{"class":243},[67,128913,240],{"class":239},[67,128915,5552],{"class":81},[67,128917,128655],{"class":3852},[67,128919,128920,128922,128924,128926,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,128921,135],{"class":134},[67,128923,138],{"class":81},[67,128925,34894],{"class":117},[67,128927,114],{"class":81},[67,128929,128361],{"class":117},[67,128931,138],{"class":81},[67,128933,240],{"class":239},[67,128935,79252],{"class":243},[67,128937,240],{"class":239},[67,128939,89],{"class":81},[67,128941,4794],{"class":85},[67,128943,5552],{"class":81},[67,128945,128946],{"class":3852},"     # 14\n",[67,128948,128949,128951,128953,128955,128957,128959,128961,128963,128965,128967,128969,128971,128973,128975,128977],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,128950,135],{"class":134},[67,128952,138],{"class":81},[67,128954,34894],{"class":117},[67,128956,114],{"class":81},[67,128958,128361],{"class":117},[67,128960,138],{"class":81},[67,128962,240],{"class":239},[67,128964,79252],{"class":243},[67,128966,240],{"class":239},[67,128968,89],{"class":81},[67,128970,1388],{"class":85},[67,128972,89],{"class":81},[67,128974,6185],{"class":85},[67,128976,5552],{"class":81},[67,128978,51113],{"class":3852},[67,128980,128981,128983,128985,128987,128989,128991,128993,128995,128997,128999,129001,129003,129005,129007,129009],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,128982,135],{"class":134},[67,128984,138],{"class":81},[67,128986,34894],{"class":117},[67,128988,114],{"class":81},[67,128990,128361],{"class":117},[67,128992,138],{"class":81},[67,128994,240],{"class":239},[67,128996,79252],{"class":243},[67,128998,240],{"class":239},[67,129000,89],{"class":81},[67,129002,1388],{"class":85},[67,129004,89],{"class":81},[67,129006,2645],{"class":85},[67,129008,5552],{"class":81},[67,129010,128717],{"class":3852},[14,129012,129013],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,129015,129016,129017,55242,129021,114],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[45,129018,129020],{"href":129019},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[45,129022,129024,129026],{"href":129023},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[17,129025,60700],{}," string method",[53,129028,123983],{"id":123982},[14,129030,129031,123794],{},[17,129032,124331],{},[14,129034,127381,129035,961,129037,129039],{},[17,129036,90399],{},[17,129038,64703],{}," are treated as different text.",[58,129041,129043],{"className":60,"code":129042,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[17,129044,129045,129058,129062,129086],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,129046,129047,129049,129051,129053,129056],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,129048,34873],{"class":73},[67,129050,78],{"class":77},[67,129052,251],{"class":239},[67,129054,129055],{"class":243},"Hello World",[67,129057,3547],{"class":239},[67,129059,129060],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,129061,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,129063,129064,129066,129068,129070,129072,129074,129076,129078,129080,129082,129084],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,129065,135],{"class":134},[67,129067,138],{"class":81},[67,129069,34894],{"class":117},[67,129071,114],{"class":81},[67,129073,128361],{"class":117},[67,129075,138],{"class":81},[67,129077,240],{"class":239},[67,129079,35052],{"class":243},[67,129081,240],{"class":239},[67,129083,5552],{"class":81},[67,129085,51424],{"class":3852},[67,129087,129088,129090,129092,129094,129096,129098,129100,129102,129104,129106,129108],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,129089,135],{"class":134},[67,129091,138],{"class":81},[67,129093,34894],{"class":117},[67,129095,114],{"class":81},[67,129097,128361],{"class":117},[67,129099,138],{"class":81},[67,129101,240],{"class":239},[67,129103,4036],{"class":243},[67,129105,240],{"class":239},[67,129107,5552],{"class":81},[67,129109,128717],{"class":3852},[14,129111,129112],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[58,129114,129116],{"className":60,"code":129115,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[17,129117,129118,129130,129134],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,129119,129120,129122,129124,129126,129128],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,129121,34873],{"class":73},[67,129123,78],{"class":77},[67,129125,251],{"class":239},[67,129127,129055],{"class":243},[67,129129,3547],{"class":239},[67,129131,129132],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,129133,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,129135,129136,129138,129140,129142,129144,129146,129148,129150,129152,129154,129156,129158,129160],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,129137,135],{"class":134},[67,129139,138],{"class":81},[67,129141,34894],{"class":117},[67,129143,114],{"class":81},[67,129145,8827],{"class":117},[67,129147,8824],{"class":81},[67,129149,128361],{"class":117},[67,129151,138],{"class":81},[67,129153,240],{"class":239},[67,129155,4036],{"class":243},[67,129157,240],{"class":239},[67,129159,5552],{"class":81},[67,129161,51424],{"class":3852},[53,129163,129165,10773,129167],{"id":129164},"find-vs-index",[17,129166,124331],{},[17,129168,59136],{},[14,129170,129171,961,129173,129175],{},[17,129172,124331],{},[17,129174,59136],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[25,129177,129178,129184],{},[28,129179,129180,2584,129182],{},[17,129181,124331],{},[17,129183,935],{},[28,129185,129186,52672,129188],{},[17,129187,59136],{},[17,129189,40883],{},[14,129191,185,129192,129194],{},[17,129193,124331],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,129196,185,129197,129199],{},[17,129198,59136],{}," when the value must exist.",[58,129201,129203],{"className":60,"code":129202,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[17,129204,129205,129217,129221],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,129206,129207,129209,129211,129213,129215],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,129208,34873],{"class":73},[67,129210,78],{"class":77},[67,129212,251],{"class":239},[67,129214,4036],{"class":243},[67,129216,3547],{"class":239},[67,129218,129219],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,129220,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,129222,129223,129225,129227,129229,129231,129233,129235,129237,129239,129241,129243],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,129224,135],{"class":134},[67,129226,138],{"class":81},[67,129228,34894],{"class":117},[67,129230,114],{"class":81},[67,129232,128361],{"class":117},[67,129234,138],{"class":81},[67,129236,240],{"class":239},[67,129238,2361],{"class":243},[67,129240,240],{"class":239},[67,129242,5552],{"class":81},[67,129244,129245],{"class":3852},"   # -1\n",[58,129247,129249],{"className":60,"code":129248,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[17,129250,129251,129263,129267],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,129252,129253,129255,129257,129259,129261],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,129254,34873],{"class":73},[67,129256,78],{"class":77},[67,129258,251],{"class":239},[67,129260,4036],{"class":243},[67,129262,3547],{"class":239},[67,129264,129265],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,129266,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,129268,129269,129271,129273,129275,129277,129279,129281,129283,129285,129287,129289],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,129270,135],{"class":134},[67,129272,138],{"class":81},[67,129274,34894],{"class":117},[67,129276,114],{"class":81},[67,129278,373],{"class":117},[67,129280,138],{"class":81},[67,129282,240],{"class":239},[67,129284,2361],{"class":243},[67,129286,240],{"class":239},[67,129288,5552],{"class":81},[67,129290,129291],{"class":3852},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129293,129294,129295,129299,129300,129302,129303,114],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[45,129296,129297,129026],{"href":124356},[17,129298,59136],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[17,129301,59136],{},", read ",[45,129304,25868,129305],{"href":73463},[17,129306,129307],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[53,129309,41225],{"id":41224},[14,129311,35591,129312,129314],{},[17,129313,124331],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[25,129316,129317,129320,129323,129326],{},[28,129318,129319],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[28,129321,129322],{},"Get the position of a word",[28,129324,129325],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[28,129327,129328],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129330,129331],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[58,129333,129335],{"className":60,"code":129334,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[17,129336,129337,129350,129373,129377,129392,129408,129427,129441],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,129338,129339,129341,129343,129345,129348],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,129340,34873],{"class":73},[67,129342,78],{"class":77},[67,129344,251],{"class":239},[67,129346,129347],{"class":243},"name:Alice",[67,129349,3547],{"class":239},[67,129351,129352,129355,129357,129359,129361,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,129353,129354],{"class":73},"colon_pos ",[67,129356,78],{"class":77},[67,129358,43021],{"class":73},[67,129360,114],{"class":81},[67,129362,128361],{"class":117},[67,129364,138],{"class":81},[67,129366,240],{"class":239},[67,129368,1161],{"class":243},[67,129370,240],{"class":239},[67,129372,144],{"class":81},[67,129374,129375],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,129376,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,129378,129379,129381,129384,129386,129388,129390],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,129380,1217],{"class":1167},[67,129382,129383],{"class":73}," colon_pos ",[67,129385,72573],{"class":77},[67,129387,2408],{"class":77},[67,129389,464],{"class":85},[67,129391,1223],{"class":81},[67,129393,129394,129397,129399,129401,129403,129406],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,129395,129396],{"class":73},"    label ",[67,129398,78],{"class":77},[67,129400,43021],{"class":73},[67,129402,75516],{"class":81},[67,129404,129405],{"class":73},"colon_pos",[67,129407,100],{"class":81},[67,129409,129410,129412,129414,129416,129418,129420,129422,129424],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,129411,27589],{"class":73},[67,129413,78],{"class":77},[67,129415,43021],{"class":73},[67,129417,174],{"class":81},[67,129419,129354],{"class":73},[67,129421,2248],{"class":77},[67,129423,5689],{"class":85},[67,129425,129426],{"class":81},":]\n",[67,129428,129429,129431,129433,129436,129438],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,129430,1228],{"class":134},[67,129432,138],{"class":81},[67,129434,129435],{"class":117},"label",[67,129437,3849],{"class":81},[67,129439,129440],{"class":3852},"  # name\n",[67,129442,129443,129445,129447,129449,129451],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,129444,1228],{"class":134},[67,129446,138],{"class":81},[67,129448,2661],{"class":117},[67,129450,3849],{"class":81},[67,129452,129453],{"class":3852},"  # Alice\n",[14,129455,129456,129457,114],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[45,129458,127372],{"href":123591},[53,129460,1907],{"id":1906},[14,129462,129463,129464,1161],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[17,129465,124331],{},[25,129467,129468,129477,129483,129488,129494],{},[28,129469,1930,129470,8642,129472,3068,129474,129476],{},[17,129471,124331],{},[17,129473,3793],{},[17,129475,3863],{}," instead of an index",[28,129478,129479,129480,129482],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[17,129481,935],{}," when the substring is missing",[28,129484,8604,129485,129487],{},[17,129486,124331],{}," without handling case differences",[28,129489,1923,129490,43,129492],{},[17,129491,124331],{},[17,129493,59136],{},[28,129495,4768,129496,129498],{},[17,129497,124331],{}," changes the string",[14,129500,129501],{},"Example of a mistake:",[58,129503,129505],{"className":60,"code":129504,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[17,129506,129507,129519,129523,129543,129558,129564],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,129508,129509,129511,129513,129515,129517],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,129510,34873],{"class":73},[67,129512,78],{"class":77},[67,129514,251],{"class":239},[67,129516,4036],{"class":243},[67,129518,3547],{"class":239},[67,129520,129521],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,129522,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,129524,129525,129527,129529,129531,129533,129535,129537,129539,129541],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,129526,1217],{"class":1167},[67,129528,43021],{"class":73},[67,129530,114],{"class":81},[67,129532,128361],{"class":117},[67,129534,138],{"class":81},[67,129536,240],{"class":239},[67,129538,60607],{"class":243},[67,129540,240],{"class":239},[67,129542,1407],{"class":81},[67,129544,129545,129547,129549,129551,129554,129556],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,129546,1228],{"class":134},[67,129548,138],{"class":81},[67,129550,240],{"class":239},[67,129552,129553],{"class":243},"Found",[67,129555,240],{"class":239},[67,129557,144],{"class":81},[67,129559,129560,129562],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,129561,1244],{"class":1167},[67,129563,1223],{"class":81},[67,129565,129566,129568,129570,129572,129574,129576],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,129567,1228],{"class":134},[67,129569,138],{"class":81},[67,129571,240],{"class":239},[67,129573,26503],{"class":243},[67,129575,240],{"class":239},[67,129577,144],{"class":81},[14,129579,99897],{},[58,129581,129583],{"className":60,"code":129582,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Not found\n",[17,129584,129585],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,129586,129587],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,129588,129582],{"class":73},[14,129590,45881,129591,129594,129595,17260,129597,129599,129600,129602],{},[17,129592,129593],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[17,129596,1031],{},[17,129598,1031],{}," is treated as false in an ",[17,129601,1217],{}," statement.",[14,129604,129605],{},"A safer version is:",[58,129607,129609],{"className":60,"code":129608,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[17,129610,129611,129623,129627,129656,129670,129676],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,129612,129613,129615,129617,129619,129621],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,129614,34873],{"class":73},[67,129616,78],{"class":77},[67,129618,251],{"class":239},[67,129620,4036],{"class":243},[67,129622,3547],{"class":239},[67,129624,129625],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,129626,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,129628,129629,129631,129633,129635,129637,129639,129641,129643,129645,129647,129650,129652,129654],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,129630,1217],{"class":1167},[67,129632,43021],{"class":73},[67,129634,114],{"class":81},[67,129636,128361],{"class":117},[67,129638,138],{"class":81},[67,129640,240],{"class":239},[67,129642,60607],{"class":243},[67,129644,240],{"class":239},[67,129646,3849],{"class":81},[67,129648,129649],{"class":77}," !=",[67,129651,2408],{"class":77},[67,129653,464],{"class":85},[67,129655,1223],{"class":81},[67,129657,129658,129660,129662,129664,129666,129668],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,129659,1228],{"class":134},[67,129661,138],{"class":81},[67,129663,240],{"class":239},[67,129665,129553],{"class":243},[67,129667,240],{"class":239},[67,129669,144],{"class":81},[67,129671,129672,129674],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,129673,1244],{"class":1167},[67,129675,1223],{"class":81},[67,129677,129678,129680,129682,129684,129686,129688],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,129679,1228],{"class":134},[67,129681,138],{"class":81},[67,129683,240],{"class":239},[67,129685,26503],{"class":243},[67,129687,240],{"class":239},[67,129689,144],{"class":81},[14,129691,129692],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[58,129694,129696],{"className":60,"code":129695,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[17,129697,129698,129720,129734,129760,129774],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,129699,129700,129702,129704,129706,129708,129710,129712,129714,129716,129718],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,129701,135],{"class":134},[67,129703,138],{"class":81},[67,129705,34894],{"class":117},[67,129707,114],{"class":81},[67,129709,128361],{"class":117},[67,129711,138],{"class":81},[67,129713,333],{"class":239},[67,129715,38570],{"class":243},[67,129717,333],{"class":239},[67,129719,1426],{"class":81},[67,129721,129722,129724,129726,129728,129730,129732],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,129723,135],{"class":134},[67,129725,138],{"class":81},[67,129727,41959],{"class":134},[67,129729,138],{"class":81},[67,129731,34894],{"class":117},[67,129733,1426],{"class":81},[67,129735,129736,129738,129740,129742,129744,129746,129748,129750,129752,129754,129756,129758],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,129737,135],{"class":134},[67,129739,138],{"class":81},[67,129741,34894],{"class":117},[67,129743,114],{"class":81},[67,129745,8827],{"class":117},[67,129747,8824],{"class":81},[67,129749,128361],{"class":117},[67,129751,138],{"class":81},[67,129753,333],{"class":239},[67,129755,38570],{"class":243},[67,129757,333],{"class":239},[67,129759,1426],{"class":81},[67,129761,129762,129764,129766,129768,129770,129772],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,129763,135],{"class":134},[67,129765,138],{"class":81},[67,129767,1964],{"class":134},[67,129769,138],{"class":81},[67,129771,34894],{"class":117},[67,129773,1426],{"class":81},[67,129775,129776,129778,129780,129782,129784,129786,129788,129790,129792,129794,129796,129798,129800,129802],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,129777,135],{"class":134},[67,129779,138],{"class":81},[67,129781,34894],{"class":117},[67,129783,114],{"class":81},[67,129785,128361],{"class":117},[67,129787,138],{"class":81},[67,129789,333],{"class":239},[67,129791,38570],{"class":243},[67,129793,333],{"class":239},[67,129795,89],{"class":81},[67,129797,36235],{"class":117},[67,129799,89],{"class":81},[67,129801,65208],{"class":117},[67,129803,1426],{"class":81},[14,129805,129806],{},"These help you check:",[25,129808,129809,129814,129819,129824,129827],{},[28,129810,129811,129812],{},"The actual result from ",[17,129813,124331],{},[28,129815,129816,129817],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[17,129818,122550],{},[28,129820,129821,129822],{},"Case differences with ",[17,129823,124066],{},[28,129825,129826],{},"The string length",[28,129828,129829,129830,961,129832,129834],{},"Whether your ",[17,129831,36256],{},[17,129833,52838],{}," values are correct",[53,129836,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,129838,129840,129841,129843],{"id":129839},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[17,129842,124331],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129845,5337,129846,114],{},[17,129847,935],{},[1109,129849,12894,129851,129853],{"id":129850},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[17,129852,124331],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129855,129856],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1109,129858,129860,129861,124672],{"id":129859},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[17,129862,124331],{},[14,129864,129865],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1109,129867,5369,129869,961,129871,69819],{"id":129868},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[17,129870,124331],{},[17,129872,59136],{},[14,129874,129875,2584,129877,129879,129880,52672,129882,114],{},[17,129876,124331],{},[17,129878,935],{}," if not found, while ",[17,129881,59136],{},[17,129883,40883],{},[1109,129885,28516,129887,129889],{"id":129886},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[17,129888,124331],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129891,129892,129893,961,129895,66320],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[17,129894,36256],{},[17,129896,52838],{},[53,129898,2094],{"id":2093},[25,129900,129901,129907,129913,129920,129926,129933,129937,129942],{},[28,129902,129903],{},[45,129904,126336,129905,946],{"href":124356},[17,129906,59136],{},[28,129908,129909],{},[45,129910,126336,129911,946],{"href":129023},[17,129912,60700],{},[28,129914,129915],{},[45,129916,126336,129918,946],{"href":129917},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[17,129919,124507],{},[28,129921,129922],{},[45,129923,126336,129924,946],{"href":127701},[17,129925,127704],{},[28,129927,129928],{},[45,129929,126336,129931,946],{"href":129930},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[17,129932,126394],{},[28,129934,129935],{},[45,129936,124735],{"href":123591},[28,129938,129939],{},[45,129940,129941],{"href":129019},"How to split a string in Python",[28,129943,129944],{},[45,129945,26311,129946],{"href":73463},[17,129947,129307],{},[2122,129949,129950],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":129952},[129953,129955,129958,129959,129960,129961,129963,129964,129965,129977],{"id":128437,"depth":103,"text":129954},"What find() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352,"children":129956},[129957],{"id":17582,"depth":124,"text":17583},{"id":38199,"depth":103,"text":38200},{"id":65574,"depth":103,"text":66356},{"id":123982,"depth":103,"text":123983},{"id":129164,"depth":103,"text":129962},"find() vs index()",{"id":41224,"depth":103,"text":41225},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":129966},[129967,129969,129971,129973,129975],{"id":129839,"depth":124,"text":129968},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129850,"depth":124,"text":129970},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129859,"depth":124,"text":129972},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129868,"depth":124,"text":129974},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129886,"depth":124,"text":129976},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128309,"description":129978},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129985,"title":129986,"body":129987,"description":131913,"extension":2153,"meta":131914,"navigation":127,"path":131915,"seo":131916,"stem":131917,"__hash__":131918},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129988,"toc":131881},[129989,129994,129999,130002,130004,130080,130084,130112,130120,130124,130129,130133,130150,130152,130219,130223,130245,130253,130255,130258,130282,130285,130299,130301,130386,130390,130402,130405,130409,130415,130465,130469,130486,130495,130498,130506,130509,130558,130562,130587,130590,130645,130649,130661,130667,130671,130677,130682,130749,130753,130779,130782,130793,130795,130862,130866,130891,130898,130902,130907,130914,130922,130924,130976,130980,130998,131000,131045,131049,131064,131067,131077,131084,131086,131090,131093,131104,131106,131166,131170,131198,131201,131207,131212,131215,131219,131263,131266,131304,131307,131315,131317,131322,131326,131329,131377,131380,131383,131439,131443,131448,131451,131500,131502,131551,131557,131562,131564,131611,131615,131628,131630,131681,131687,131690,131694,131697,131703,131708,131710,131713,131785,131788,131805,131807,131812,131815,131819,131825,131831,131838,131844,131850,131852,131878],[10,129990,123336,129992,11509],{"id":129991},"python-string-format-method",[17,129993,126339],{},[14,129995,123341,129996,129998],{},[17,129997,126339],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,130000,130001],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[53,130003,56],{"id":55},[58,130005,130007],{"className":60,"code":130006,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[17,130008,130009,130021,130029,130033,130070],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130010,130011,130013,130015,130017,130019],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130012,8065],{"class":73},[67,130014,78],{"class":77},[67,130016,251],{"class":239},[67,130018,11697],{"class":243},[67,130020,3547],{"class":239},[67,130022,130023,130025,130027],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,130024,21817],{"class":73},[67,130026,78],{"class":77},[67,130028,88780],{"class":85},[67,130030,130031],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,130032,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,130034,130035,130037,130039,130041,130044,130046,130049,130051,130053,130055,130057,130060,130062,130064,130066,130068],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,130036,89988],{"class":73},[67,130038,78],{"class":77},[67,130040,251],{"class":239},[67,130042,130043],{"class":243},"My name is ",[67,130045,3983],{"class":85},[67,130047,130048],{"class":243}," and I am ",[67,130050,3983],{"class":85},[67,130052,122332],{"class":243},[67,130054,240],{"class":239},[67,130056,114],{"class":81},[67,130058,130059],{"class":117},"format",[67,130061,138],{"class":81},[67,130063,7860],{"class":117},[67,130065,89],{"class":81},[67,130067,9375],{"class":117},[67,130069,144],{"class":81},[67,130071,130072,130074,130076,130078],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,130073,135],{"class":134},[67,130075,138],{"class":81},[67,130077,90005],{"class":117},[67,130079,144],{"class":81},[14,130081,130082],{},[3934,130083,159],{},[58,130085,130087],{"className":60,"code":130086,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[17,130088,130089],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130090,130091,130094,130096,130099,130102,130105,130108,130110],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130092,130093],{"class":73},"My name ",[67,130095,12383],{"class":77},[67,130097,130098],{"class":73}," Maya ",[67,130100,130101],{"class":77},"and",[67,130103,130104],{"class":73}," I am ",[67,130106,130107],{"class":85},"12",[67,130109,122365],{"class":73},[67,130111,122368],{"class":81},[14,130113,185,130114,130116,130117,130119],{},[17,130115,3983],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[17,130118,126339],{}," in the same order.",[14,130121,125088,130122,114],{},[45,130123,125091],{"href":51153},[53,130125,13185,130127,13188],{"id":130126},"what-the-format-method-does",[17,130128,126339],{},[14,130130,379,130131,11600],{},[17,130132,126339],{},[25,130134,130135,130138,130144,130147],{},[28,130136,130137],{},"inserts values into a string",[28,130139,130140,130141,130143],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[17,130142,3983],{}," with given values",[28,130145,130146],{},"returns a new string",[28,130148,130149],{},"does not change the original string",[14,130151,222],{},[58,130153,130155],{"className":60,"code":130154,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[17,130156,130157,130171,130194,130198,130209],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130158,130159,130161,130163,130165,130167,130169],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130160,34873],{"class":73},[67,130162,78],{"class":77},[67,130164,251],{"class":239},[67,130166,45081],{"class":243},[67,130168,3983],{"class":85},[67,130170,3547],{"class":239},[67,130172,130173,130176,130178,130180,130182,130184,130186,130188,130190,130192],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,130174,130175],{"class":73},"new_text ",[67,130177,78],{"class":77},[67,130179,43021],{"class":73},[67,130181,114],{"class":81},[67,130183,130059],{"class":117},[67,130185,138],{"class":81},[67,130187,240],{"class":239},[67,130189,7869],{"class":243},[67,130191,240],{"class":239},[67,130193,144],{"class":81},[67,130195,130196],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,130197,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,130199,130200,130202,130204,130207],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,130201,135],{"class":134},[67,130203,138],{"class":81},[67,130205,130206],{"class":117},"new_text",[67,130208,144],{"class":81},[67,130210,130211,130213,130215,130217],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,130212,135],{"class":134},[67,130214,138],{"class":81},[67,130216,34894],{"class":117},[67,130218,144],{"class":81},[14,130220,130221],{},[3934,130222,159],{},[58,130224,130226],{"className":60,"code":130225,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[17,130227,130228,130237],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130229,130230,130232,130234],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130231,35052],{"class":73},[67,130233,89],{"class":81},[67,130235,130236],{"class":73}," Sam\n",[67,130238,130239,130241,130243],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,130240,35052],{"class":73},[67,130242,89],{"class":81},[67,130244,10025],{"class":81},[14,130246,2473,130247,130249,130250,130252],{},[17,130248,34894],{}," stays the same. ",[17,130251,126339],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[53,130254,352],{"id":351},[14,130256,130257],{},"The general form is:",[58,130259,130261],{"className":60,"code":130260,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[17,130262,130263],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130264,130265,130267,130270,130272,130274,130276,130278,130280],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130266,240],{"class":43508},[67,130268,130269],{"class":43512},"text {}",[67,130271,240],{"class":43508},[67,130273,114],{"class":81},[67,130275,130059],{"class":117},[67,130277,138],{"class":81},[67,130279,2661],{"class":117},[67,130281,144],{"class":81},[14,130283,130284],{},"Key idea:",[25,130286,130287,130293,130296],{},[28,130288,130289,130290,130292],{},"each ",[17,130291,3983],{}," is a placeholder",[28,130294,130295],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[28,130297,130298],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130300,222],{},[58,130302,130304],{"className":60,"code":130303,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[17,130305,130306,130319,130333,130337,130375],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130307,130308,130311,130313,130315,130317],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130309,130310],{"class":73},"animal ",[67,130312,78],{"class":77},[67,130314,251],{"class":239},[67,130316,37227],{"class":243},[67,130318,3547],{"class":239},[67,130320,130321,130324,130326,130328,130331],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,130322,130323],{"class":73},"sound ",[67,130325,78],{"class":77},[67,130327,251],{"class":239},[67,130329,130330],{"class":243},"meow",[67,130332,3547],{"class":239},[67,130334,130335],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,130336,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,130338,130339,130342,130344,130346,130348,130350,130353,130355,130357,130359,130361,130363,130365,130368,130370,130373],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,130340,130341],{"class":73},"sentence ",[67,130343,78],{"class":77},[67,130345,251],{"class":239},[67,130347,379],{"class":243},[67,130349,3983],{"class":85},[67,130351,130352],{"class":243}," says ",[67,130354,3983],{"class":85},[67,130356,114],{"class":243},[67,130358,240],{"class":239},[67,130360,114],{"class":81},[67,130362,130059],{"class":117},[67,130364,138],{"class":81},[67,130366,130367],{"class":117},"animal",[67,130369,89],{"class":81},[67,130371,130372],{"class":117}," sound",[67,130374,144],{"class":81},[67,130376,130377,130379,130381,130384],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,130378,135],{"class":134},[67,130380,138],{"class":81},[67,130382,130383],{"class":117},"sentence",[67,130385,144],{"class":81},[14,130387,130388],{},[3934,130389,159],{},[58,130391,130393],{"className":60,"code":130392,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"The cat says meow.\n",[17,130394,130395],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130396,130397,130400],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130398,130399],{"class":73},"The cat says meow",[67,130401,122368],{"class":81},[14,130403,130404],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[53,130406,130408],{"id":130407},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130410,130411,130412,130414],{},"You can use empty braces ",[17,130413,3983],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[58,130416,130418],{"className":60,"code":130417,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[17,130419,130420],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130421,130422,130424,130426,130428,130431,130433,130435,130437,130439,130441,130443,130445,130447,130449,130452,130454,130456,130458,130461,130463],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130423,135],{"class":134},[67,130425,138],{"class":81},[67,130427,240],{"class":239},[67,130429,130430],{"class":243},"I like ",[67,130432,3983],{"class":85},[67,130434,961],{"class":243},[67,130436,3983],{"class":85},[67,130438,114],{"class":243},[67,130440,240],{"class":239},[67,130442,114],{"class":81},[67,130444,130059],{"class":117},[67,130446,138],{"class":81},[67,130448,240],{"class":239},[67,130450,130451],{"class":243},"pizza",[67,130453,240],{"class":239},[67,130455,89],{"class":81},[67,130457,251],{"class":239},[67,130459,130460],{"class":243},"pasta",[67,130462,240],{"class":239},[67,130464,1426],{"class":81},[14,130466,130467],{},[3934,130468,159],{},[58,130470,130472],{"className":60,"code":130471,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[17,130473,130474],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130475,130476,130479,130481,130484],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130477,130478],{"class":73},"I like pizza ",[67,130480,130101],{"class":77},[67,130482,130483],{"class":73}," pasta",[67,130485,122368],{"class":81},[14,130487,130488,130489,961,130492,114],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[17,130490,130491],{},"{0}",[17,130493,130494],{},"{1}",[14,130496,130497],{},"This is helpful when:",[25,130499,130500,130503],{},[28,130501,130502],{},"you want to reuse a value",[28,130504,130505],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130507,130508],{},"Example with reused values:",[58,130510,130512],{"className":60,"code":130511,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,130513,130514,130548],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130515,130516,130518,130520,130522,130524,130527,130529,130532,130534,130536,130538,130540,130542,130544,130546],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130517,34873],{"class":73},[67,130519,78],{"class":77},[67,130521,251],{"class":239},[67,130523,130491],{"class":85},[67,130525,130526],{"class":243}," is learning Python. ",[67,130528,130491],{"class":85},[67,130530,130531],{"class":243}," likes coding.",[67,130533,240],{"class":239},[67,130535,114],{"class":81},[67,130537,130059],{"class":117},[67,130539,138],{"class":81},[67,130541,240],{"class":239},[67,130543,20070],{"class":243},[67,130545,240],{"class":239},[67,130547,144],{"class":81},[67,130549,130550,130552,130554,130556],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,130551,135],{"class":134},[67,130553,138],{"class":81},[67,130555,34894],{"class":117},[67,130557,144],{"class":81},[14,130559,130560],{},[3934,130561,159],{},[58,130563,130565],{"className":60,"code":130564,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[17,130566,130567],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130568,130569,130572,130574,130577,130579,130582,130585],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130570,130571],{"class":73},"Lina ",[67,130573,12383],{"class":77},[67,130575,130576],{"class":73}," learning Python",[67,130578,114],{"class":81},[67,130580,130581],{"class":24938}," Lina",[67,130583,130584],{"class":73}," likes coding",[67,130586,122368],{"class":81},[14,130588,130589],{},"Example with changed order:",[58,130591,130593],{"className":60,"code":130592,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,130594,130595,130635],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130596,130597,130599,130601,130603,130605,130607,130609,130611,130613,130615,130617,130619,130621,130623,130625,130627,130629,130631,130633],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130598,34873],{"class":73},[67,130600,78],{"class":77},[67,130602,251],{"class":239},[67,130604,130494],{"class":85},[67,130606,83307],{"class":243},[67,130608,130491],{"class":85},[67,130610,114],{"class":243},[67,130612,240],{"class":239},[67,130614,114],{"class":81},[67,130616,130059],{"class":117},[67,130618,138],{"class":81},[67,130620,240],{"class":239},[67,130622,6777],{"class":243},[67,130624,240],{"class":239},[67,130626,89],{"class":81},[67,130628,251],{"class":239},[67,130630,79252],{"class":243},[67,130632,240],{"class":239},[67,130634,144],{"class":81},[67,130636,130637,130639,130641,130643],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,130638,135],{"class":134},[67,130640,138],{"class":81},[67,130642,34894],{"class":117},[67,130644,144],{"class":81},[14,130646,130647],{},[3934,130648,159],{},[58,130650,130652],{"className":60,"code":130651,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"two comes after one.\n",[17,130653,130654],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130655,130656,130659],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130657,130658],{"class":73},"two comes after one",[67,130660,122368],{"class":81},[14,130662,130663,130664,130666],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[17,130665,3983],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[53,130668,130670],{"id":130669},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130672,130673,130674,114],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[17,130675,130676],{},"{name}",[14,130678,130679,130680,1161],{},"You pass matching names into ",[17,130681,126339],{},[58,130683,130685],{"className":60,"code":130684,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,130686,130687,130739],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130688,130689,130691,130693,130695,130697,130699,130702,130705,130707,130709,130711,130713,130715,130717,130719,130721,130723,130725,130727,130729,130731,130733,130735,130737],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130690,34873],{"class":73},[67,130692,78],{"class":77},[67,130694,251],{"class":239},[67,130696,130043],{"class":243},[67,130698,130676],{"class":85},[67,130700,130701],{"class":243}," and I live in ",[67,130703,130704],{"class":85},"{city}",[67,130706,114],{"class":243},[67,130708,240],{"class":239},[67,130710,114],{"class":81},[67,130712,130059],{"class":117},[67,130714,138],{"class":81},[67,130716,7860],{"class":9362},[67,130718,78],{"class":77},[67,130720,240],{"class":239},[67,130722,986],{"class":243},[67,130724,240],{"class":239},[67,130726,89],{"class":81},[67,130728,31569],{"class":9362},[67,130730,78],{"class":77},[67,130732,240],{"class":239},[67,130734,16218],{"class":243},[67,130736,240],{"class":239},[67,130738,144],{"class":81},[67,130740,130741,130743,130745,130747],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,130742,135],{"class":134},[67,130744,138],{"class":81},[67,130746,34894],{"class":117},[67,130748,144],{"class":81},[14,130750,130751],{},[3934,130752,159],{},[58,130754,130756],{"className":60,"code":130755,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[17,130757,130758],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130759,130760,130762,130764,130767,130769,130772,130774,130777],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130761,130093],{"class":73},[67,130763,12383],{"class":77},[67,130765,130766],{"class":73}," Ana ",[67,130768,130101],{"class":77},[67,130770,130771],{"class":73}," I live ",[67,130773,4074],{"class":77},[67,130775,130776],{"class":73}," Lima",[67,130778,122368],{"class":81},[14,130780,130781],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[25,130783,130784,130787,130790],{},[28,130785,130786],{},"they make code easier to read",[28,130788,130789],{},"they help when a string has many values",[28,130791,130792],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130794,222],{},[58,130796,130798],{"className":60,"code":130797,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[17,130799,130800,130852],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130801,130802,130805,130807,130809,130812,130815,130818,130821,130823,130825,130827,130829,130831,130833,130835,130838,130840,130842,130845,130847,130850],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130803,130804],{"class":73},"report ",[67,130806,78],{"class":77},[67,130808,251],{"class":239},[67,130810,130811],{"class":243},"Student: ",[67,130813,130814],{"class":85},"{student}",[67,130816,130817],{"class":243},", Score: ",[67,130819,130820],{"class":85},"{score}",[67,130822,240],{"class":239},[67,130824,114],{"class":81},[67,130826,130059],{"class":117},[67,130828,138],{"class":81},[67,130830,13812],{"class":9362},[67,130832,78],{"class":77},[67,130834,240],{"class":239},[67,130836,130837],{"class":243},"Noah",[67,130839,240],{"class":239},[67,130841,89],{"class":81},[67,130843,130844],{"class":9362}," score",[67,130846,78],{"class":77},[67,130848,130849],{"class":85},"95",[67,130851,144],{"class":81},[67,130853,130854,130856,130858,130860],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,130855,135],{"class":134},[67,130857,138],{"class":81},[67,130859,128049],{"class":117},[67,130861,144],{"class":81},[14,130863,130864],{},[3934,130865,159],{},[58,130867,130869],{"className":60,"code":130868,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[17,130870,130871],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130872,130873,130876,130878,130881,130883,130886,130888],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130874,130875],{"class":73},"Student",[67,130877,1161],{"class":81},[67,130879,130880],{"class":73}," Noah",[67,130882,89],{"class":81},[67,130884,130885],{"class":73}," Score",[67,130887,1161],{"class":81},[67,130889,130890],{"class":85}," 95\n",[14,130892,130893,130894,114],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[45,130895,3764,130896,3697],{"href":42355},[17,130897,47862],{},[53,130899,130901],{"id":130900},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130903,130904,130906],{},[17,130905,126339],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130908,130909,130910,130913],{},"A common example is ",[17,130911,130912],{},":.2f",", which means:",[25,130915,130916,130919],{},[28,130917,130918],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[28,130920,130921],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,130923,222],{},[58,130925,130927],{"className":60,"code":130926,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[17,130928,130929,130937,130966],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130930,130931,130933,130935],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130932,40566],{"class":73},[67,130934,78],{"class":77},[67,130936,49455],{"class":85},[67,130938,130939,130941,130943,130945,130948,130950,130952,130954,130956,130958,130960,130962,130964],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,130940,34873],{"class":73},[67,130942,78],{"class":77},[67,130944,251],{"class":239},[67,130946,130947],{"class":243},"Price: $",[67,130949,9465],{"class":85},[67,130951,130912],{"class":2254},[67,130953,22492],{"class":85},[67,130955,240],{"class":239},[67,130957,114],{"class":81},[67,130959,130059],{"class":117},[67,130961,138],{"class":81},[67,130963,25338],{"class":117},[67,130965,144],{"class":81},[67,130967,130968,130970,130972,130974],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,130969,135],{"class":134},[67,130971,138],{"class":81},[67,130973,34894],{"class":117},[67,130975,144],{"class":81},[14,130977,130978],{},[3934,130979,159],{},[58,130981,130983],{"className":60,"code":130982,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Price: $3.50\n",[17,130984,130985],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,130986,130987,130990,130992,130995],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,130988,130989],{"class":73},"Price",[67,130991,1161],{"class":81},[67,130993,130994],{"class":37546}," $",[67,130996,130997],{"class":85},"3.50\n",[14,130999,52257],{},[58,131001,131003],{"className":60,"code":131002,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[17,131004,131005,131015],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,131006,131007,131010,131012],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,131008,131009],{"class":73},"average ",[67,131011,78],{"class":77},[67,131013,131014],{"class":85}," 91.236\n",[67,131016,131017,131019,131021,131023,131026,131028,131030,131032,131034,131036,131038,131040,131043],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,131018,135],{"class":134},[67,131020,138],{"class":81},[67,131022,240],{"class":239},[67,131024,131025],{"class":243},"Average: ",[67,131027,9465],{"class":85},[67,131029,130912],{"class":2254},[67,131031,22492],{"class":85},[67,131033,240],{"class":239},[67,131035,114],{"class":81},[67,131037,130059],{"class":117},[67,131039,138],{"class":81},[67,131041,131042],{"class":117},"average",[67,131044,1426],{"class":81},[14,131046,131047],{},[3934,131048,159],{},[58,131050,131052],{"className":60,"code":131051,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Average: 91.24\n",[17,131053,131054],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,131055,131056,131059,131061],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,131057,131058],{"class":73},"Average",[67,131060,1161],{"class":81},[67,131062,131063],{"class":85}," 91.24\n",[14,131065,131066],{},"This is useful for:",[25,131068,131069,131071,131074],{},[28,131070,83065],{},[28,131072,131073],{},"averages",[28,131075,131076],{},"percentages",[14,131078,131079,131080,114],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[45,131081,3764,131082,2490],{"href":46627},[17,131083,46630],{},[53,131085,17607],{"id":17606},[14,131087,131088,92502],{},[17,131089,126339],{},[14,131091,131092],{},"That means you can:",[25,131094,131095,131098,131101],{},[28,131096,131097],{},"save it in a variable",[28,131099,131100],{},"print it directly",[28,131102,131103],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,131105,222],{},[58,131107,131109],{"className":60,"code":131108,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[17,131110,131111,131142,131152],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,131112,131113,131115,131117,131119,131121,131123,131125,131127,131129,131131,131133,131135,131138,131140],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,131114,89988],{"class":73},[67,131116,78],{"class":77},[67,131118,251],{"class":239},[67,131120,45081],{"class":243},[67,131122,3983],{"class":85},[67,131124,89829],{"class":243},[67,131126,240],{"class":239},[67,131128,114],{"class":81},[67,131130,130059],{"class":117},[67,131132,138],{"class":81},[67,131134,240],{"class":239},[67,131136,131137],{"class":243},"Chris",[67,131139,240],{"class":239},[67,131141,144],{"class":81},[67,131143,131144,131146,131148,131150],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,131145,135],{"class":134},[67,131147,138],{"class":81},[67,131149,90005],{"class":117},[67,131151,144],{"class":81},[67,131153,131154,131156,131158,131160,131162,131164],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,131155,135],{"class":134},[67,131157,138],{"class":81},[67,131159,2011],{"class":362},[67,131161,138],{"class":81},[67,131163,90005],{"class":117},[67,131165,1426],{"class":81},[14,131167,131168],{},[3934,131169,159],{},[58,131171,131173],{"className":60,"code":131172,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,131174,131175,131184],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,131176,131177,131179,131181],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,131178,35052],{"class":73},[67,131180,89],{"class":81},[67,131182,131183],{"class":73}," Chris!\n",[67,131185,131186,131188,131190,131192,131194,131196],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,131187,1397],{"class":77},[67,131189,3482],{"class":2254},[67,131191,342],{"class":239},[67,131193,1526],{"class":243},[67,131195,333],{"class":239},[67,131197,3491],{"class":77},[14,131199,131200],{},"The original string is not changed.",[53,131202,131204,131206],{"id":131203},"format-vs-f-strings",[17,131205,126339],{}," vs f-strings",[14,131208,131209,131211],{},[17,131210,126339],{}," is a string method.",[14,131213,131214],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,131216,46218,131217,1161],{},[17,131218,126339],{},[58,131220,131222],{"className":60,"code":131221,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[17,131223,131224,131237],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,131225,131226,131228,131230,131232,131235],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,131227,8065],{"class":73},[67,131229,78],{"class":77},[67,131231,251],{"class":239},[67,131233,131234],{"class":243},"Rita",[67,131236,3547],{"class":239},[67,131238,131239,131241,131243,131245,131247,131249,131251,131253,131255,131257,131259,131261],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,131240,135],{"class":134},[67,131242,138],{"class":81},[67,131244,240],{"class":239},[67,131246,45081],{"class":243},[67,131248,3983],{"class":85},[67,131250,89829],{"class":243},[67,131252,240],{"class":239},[67,131254,114],{"class":81},[67,131256,130059],{"class":117},[67,131258,138],{"class":81},[67,131260,7860],{"class":117},[67,131262,1426],{"class":81},[14,131264,131265],{},"Example with an f-string:",[58,131267,131269],{"className":60,"code":131268,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[17,131270,131271,131283],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,131272,131273,131275,131277,131279,131281],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,131274,8065],{"class":73},[67,131276,78],{"class":77},[67,131278,251],{"class":239},[67,131280,131234],{"class":243},[67,131282,3547],{"class":239},[67,131284,131285,131287,131289,131291,131293,131295,131297,131299,131302],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,131286,135],{"class":134},[67,131288,138],{"class":81},[67,131290,22483],{"class":2254},[67,131292,43526],{"class":243},[67,131294,9465],{"class":85},[67,131296,7860],{"class":117},[67,131298,22492],{"class":85},[67,131300,131301],{"class":243},"!\"",[67,131303,144],{"class":81},[14,131305,131306],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131308,131309,131310,131312,131313,114],{},"This page focuses on how ",[17,131311,126339],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[45,131314,89674],{"href":89673},[53,131316,1907],{"id":1906},[14,131318,131319,131320,114],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[17,131321,126339],{},[1109,131323,131325],{"id":131324},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131327,131328],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[58,131330,131332],{"className":60,"code":131331,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131333,131334,131367],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,131335,131336,131338,131340,131342,131344,131346,131349,131351,131353,131355,131357,131359,131361,131363,131365],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,131337,34873],{"class":73},[67,131339,78],{"class":77},[67,131341,251],{"class":239},[67,131343,45081],{"class":243},[67,131345,3983],{"class":85},[67,131347,131348],{"class":85}," {}",[67,131350,89829],{"class":243},[67,131352,240],{"class":239},[67,131354,114],{"class":81},[67,131356,130059],{"class":117},[67,131358,138],{"class":81},[67,131360,240],{"class":239},[67,131362,7869],{"class":243},[67,131364,240],{"class":239},[67,131366,144],{"class":81},[67,131368,131369,131371,131373,131375],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,131370,135],{"class":134},[67,131372,138],{"class":81},[67,131374,34894],{"class":117},[67,131376,144],{"class":81},[14,131378,131379],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131381,131382],{},"Fixed version:",[58,131384,131386],{"className":60,"code":131385,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131387,131388,131429],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,131389,131390,131392,131394,131396,131398,131400,131402,131404,131406,131408,131410,131412,131414,131416,131418,131420,131422,131425,131427],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,131391,34873],{"class":73},[67,131393,78],{"class":77},[67,131395,251],{"class":239},[67,131397,45081],{"class":243},[67,131399,3983],{"class":85},[67,131401,131348],{"class":85},[67,131403,89829],{"class":243},[67,131405,240],{"class":239},[67,131407,114],{"class":81},[67,131409,130059],{"class":117},[67,131411,138],{"class":81},[67,131413,240],{"class":239},[67,131415,7869],{"class":243},[67,131417,240],{"class":239},[67,131419,89],{"class":81},[67,131421,251],{"class":239},[67,131423,131424],{"class":243},"Lee",[67,131426,240],{"class":239},[67,131428,144],{"class":81},[67,131430,131431,131433,131435,131437],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,131432,135],{"class":134},[67,131434,138],{"class":81},[67,131436,34894],{"class":117},[67,131438,144],{"class":81},[1109,131440,131442],{"id":131441},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131444,131445,131446,114],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[17,131447,126339],{},[14,131449,131450],{},"Problem:",[58,131452,131454],{"className":60,"code":131453,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131455,131456,131490],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,131457,131458,131460,131462,131464,131466,131468,131470,131472,131474,131476,131478,131480,131482,131484,131486,131488],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,131459,34873],{"class":73},[67,131461,78],{"class":77},[67,131463,251],{"class":239},[67,131465,45081],{"class":243},[67,131467,130676],{"class":85},[67,131469,89829],{"class":243},[67,131471,240],{"class":239},[67,131473,114],{"class":81},[67,131475,130059],{"class":117},[67,131477,138],{"class":81},[67,131479,8174],{"class":9362},[67,131481,78],{"class":77},[67,131483,240],{"class":239},[67,131485,7869],{"class":243},[67,131487,240],{"class":239},[67,131489,144],{"class":81},[67,131491,131492,131494,131496,131498],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,131493,135],{"class":134},[67,131495,138],{"class":81},[67,131497,34894],{"class":117},[67,131499,144],{"class":81},[14,131501,131382],{},[58,131503,131505],{"className":60,"code":131504,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131506,131507,131541],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,131508,131509,131511,131513,131515,131517,131519,131521,131523,131525,131527,131529,131531,131533,131535,131537,131539],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,131510,34873],{"class":73},[67,131512,78],{"class":77},[67,131514,251],{"class":239},[67,131516,45081],{"class":243},[67,131518,130676],{"class":85},[67,131520,89829],{"class":243},[67,131522,240],{"class":239},[67,131524,114],{"class":81},[67,131526,130059],{"class":117},[67,131528,138],{"class":81},[67,131530,7860],{"class":9362},[67,131532,78],{"class":77},[67,131534,240],{"class":239},[67,131536,7869],{"class":243},[67,131538,240],{"class":239},[67,131540,144],{"class":81},[67,131542,131543,131545,131547,131549],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,131544,135],{"class":134},[67,131546,138],{"class":81},[67,131548,34894],{"class":117},[67,131550,144],{"class":81},[1109,131552,1930,131554,131556],{"id":131553},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[17,131555,126339],{}," to change the original string",[14,131558,131559,131561],{},[17,131560,126339],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131563,131450],{},[58,131565,131567],{"className":60,"code":131566,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131568,131569,131583,131601],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,131570,131571,131573,131575,131577,131579,131581],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,131572,34873],{"class":73},[67,131574,78],{"class":77},[67,131576,251],{"class":239},[67,131578,45081],{"class":243},[67,131580,3983],{"class":85},[67,131582,3547],{"class":239},[67,131584,131585,131587,131589,131591,131593,131595,131597,131599],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,131586,34894],{"class":73},[67,131588,114],{"class":81},[67,131590,130059],{"class":117},[67,131592,138],{"class":81},[67,131594,240],{"class":239},[67,131596,7869],{"class":243},[67,131598,240],{"class":239},[67,131600,144],{"class":81},[67,131602,131603,131605,131607,131609],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,131604,135],{"class":134},[67,131606,138],{"class":81},[67,131608,34894],{"class":117},[67,131610,144],{"class":81},[14,131612,131613],{},[3934,131614,159],{},[58,131616,131618],{"className":60,"code":131617,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Hello, {}\n",[17,131619,131620],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,131621,131622,131624,131626],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,131623,35052],{"class":73},[67,131625,89],{"class":81},[67,131627,10025],{"class":81},[14,131629,131382],{},[58,131631,131633],{"className":60,"code":131632,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131634,131635,131649,131671],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,131636,131637,131639,131641,131643,131645,131647],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,131638,34873],{"class":73},[67,131640,78],{"class":77},[67,131642,251],{"class":239},[67,131644,45081],{"class":243},[67,131646,3983],{"class":85},[67,131648,3547],{"class":239},[67,131650,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659,131661,131663,131665,131667,131669],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,131652,34873],{"class":73},[67,131654,78],{"class":77},[67,131656,43021],{"class":73},[67,131658,114],{"class":81},[67,131660,130059],{"class":117},[67,131662,138],{"class":81},[67,131664,240],{"class":239},[67,131666,7869],{"class":243},[67,131668,240],{"class":239},[67,131670,144],{"class":81},[67,131672,131673,131675,131677,131679],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,131674,135],{"class":134},[67,131676,138],{"class":81},[67,131678,34894],{"class":117},[67,131680,144],{"class":81},[1109,131682,4894,131684,131686],{"id":131683},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[17,131685,126339],{}," returns a new string",[14,131688,131689],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1109,131691,131693],{"id":131692},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131695,131696],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131698,131699,131700,131702],{},"Use simple ",[17,131701,3983],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131704,131705,131706,114],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[45,131707,90387],{"href":90386},[53,131709,68062],{"id":68061},[14,131711,131712],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[58,131714,131716],{"className":60,"code":131715,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[17,131717,131718,131728,131742,131771],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,131719,131720,131722,131724,131726],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,131721,135],{"class":134},[67,131723,138],{"class":81},[67,131725,34894],{"class":117},[67,131727,144],{"class":81},[67,131729,131730,131732,131734,131736,131738,131740],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,131731,135],{"class":134},[67,131733,138],{"class":81},[67,131735,2011],{"class":362},[67,131737,138],{"class":81},[67,131739,2661],{"class":117},[67,131741,1426],{"class":81},[67,131743,131744,131746,131748,131750,131753,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765,131767,131769],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,131745,135],{"class":134},[67,131747,138],{"class":81},[67,131749,240],{"class":239},[67,131751,131752],{"class":243},"Hello ",[67,131754,3983],{"class":85},[67,131756,240],{"class":239},[67,131758,114],{"class":81},[67,131760,130059],{"class":117},[67,131762,138],{"class":81},[67,131764,240],{"class":239},[67,131766,7869],{"class":243},[67,131768,240],{"class":239},[67,131770,1426],{"class":81},[67,131772,131773,131775,131777,131779,131781,131783],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,131774,32337],{"class":134},[67,131776,138],{"class":81},[67,131778,1526],{"class":362},[67,131780,114],{"class":81},[67,131782,130059],{"class":24938},[67,131784,144],{"class":81},[14,131786,131787],{},"Use them to check:",[25,131789,131790,131793,131796,131799],{},[28,131791,131792],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[28,131794,131795],{},"what type your value has",[28,131797,131798],{},"whether a small test example works",[28,131800,131801,131802],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[17,131803,131804],{},"str.format",[53,131806,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,131808,129840,131810,12906],{"id":131809},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[17,131811,126339],{},[14,131813,131814],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1109,131816,131818],{"id":131817},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131820,131821,131822,131824],{},"No. You can use plain ",[17,131823,3983],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1109,131826,131828,131829,2681],{"id":131827},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[17,131830,126339],{},[14,131832,131833,131834,131837],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[17,131835,131836],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1109,131839,15090,131841,131843],{"id":131840},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[17,131842,126339],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131845,131846,131847,131849],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[17,131848,126339],{}," is still useful and common.",[53,131851,2094],{"id":2093},[25,131853,131854,131858,131862,131868,131874],{},[28,131855,131856],{},[45,131857,125091],{"href":51153},[28,131859,131860],{},[45,131861,90664],{"href":89673},[28,131863,131864],{},[45,131865,3764,131866,3697],{"href":46627},[17,131867,46630],{},[28,131869,131870],{},[45,131871,3764,131872,3697],{"href":42355},[17,131873,47862],{},[28,131875,131876],{},[45,131877,90387],{"href":90386},[2122,131879,131880],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":131882},[131883,131884,131886,131887,131888,131889,131890,131891,131893,131902,131903,131912],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":130126,"depth":103,"text":131885},"What the format() method does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":130407,"depth":103,"text":130408},{"id":130669,"depth":103,"text":130670},{"id":130900,"depth":103,"text":130901},{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607},{"id":131203,"depth":103,"text":131892},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":131894},[131895,131896,131897,131899,131901],{"id":131324,"depth":124,"text":131325},{"id":131441,"depth":124,"text":131442},{"id":131553,"depth":124,"text":131898},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131683,"depth":124,"text":131900},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131692,"depth":124,"text":131693},{"id":68061,"depth":103,"text":68062},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":131904},[131905,131907,131908,131910],{"id":131809,"depth":124,"text":131906},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131817,"depth":124,"text":131818},{"id":131827,"depth":124,"text":131909},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131840,"depth":124,"text":131911},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129986,"description":131913},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131920,"title":131921,"body":131922,"description":133402,"extension":2153,"meta":133403,"navigation":127,"path":133404,"seo":133405,"stem":133406,"__hash__":133407},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131923,"toc":133374},[131924,131929,131934,131939,131941,132003,132010,132016,132021,132023,132039,132041,132112,132114,132128,132131,132181,132183,132185,132212,132215,132230,132233,132274,132277,132322,132329,132378,132380,132388,132390,132408,132410,132503,132511,132552,132557,132564,132570,132577,132580,132584,132685,132687,132709,132713,132766,132769,132772,132778,132785,132787,132826,132828,132846,132856,132863,132946,132949,132956,132963,132970,132974,132982,133028,133032,133041,133106,133111,133116,133127,133129,133134,133161,133163,133266,133269,133289,133291,133296,133299,133303,133307,133314,133323,133329,133332,133338,133340,133342,133371],[10,131925,123336,131927,11509],{"id":131926},"python-string-index-method",[17,131928,59136],{},[14,131930,123341,131931,131933],{},[17,131932,59136],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,131935,131936,131937,114],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[17,131938,40883],{},[53,131940,56],{"id":55},[58,131942,131944],{"className":60,"code":131943,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[17,131945,131946,131958,131980,131990,131994,131998],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,131947,131948,131950,131952,131954,131956],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,131949,34873],{"class":73},[67,131951,78],{"class":77},[67,131953,251],{"class":239},[67,131955,60575],{"class":243},[67,131957,3547],{"class":239},[67,131959,131960,131962,131964,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976,131978],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,131961,65087],{"class":73},[67,131963,78],{"class":77},[67,131965,43021],{"class":73},[67,131967,114],{"class":81},[67,131969,373],{"class":117},[67,131971,138],{"class":81},[67,131973,240],{"class":239},[67,131975,60760],{"class":243},[67,131977,240],{"class":239},[67,131979,144],{"class":81},[67,131981,131982,131984,131986,131988],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,131983,135],{"class":134},[67,131985,138],{"class":81},[67,131987,65114],{"class":117},[67,131989,144],{"class":81},[67,131991,131992],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,131993,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,131995,131996],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,131997,90805],{"class":3852},[67,131999,132000],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,132001,132002],{"class":3852},"# 6\n",[14,132004,185,132005,132007,132008,114],{},[17,132006,59136],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[17,132009,40883],{},[53,132011,3867,132013,3870],{"id":132012},"what-strindex-does",[17,132014,132015],{},"str.index()",[14,132017,132018,132020],{},[17,132019,132015],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,132022,13241],{},[25,132024,132025,132028,132031,132034],{},[28,132026,132027],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[28,132029,132030],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[28,132032,132033],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[28,132035,30477,132036,132038],{},[17,132037,40883],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,132040,222],{},[58,132042,132044],{"className":60,"code":132043,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[17,132045,132046,132058,132062,132087],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,132047,132048,132050,132052,132054,132056],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,132049,34873],{"class":73},[67,132051,78],{"class":77},[67,132053,251],{"class":239},[67,132055,698],{"class":243},[67,132057,3547],{"class":239},[67,132059,132060],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,132061,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,132063,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072,132074,132076,132078,132080,132082,132084],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,132065,135],{"class":134},[67,132067,138],{"class":81},[67,132069,34894],{"class":117},[67,132071,114],{"class":81},[67,132073,373],{"class":117},[67,132075,138],{"class":81},[67,132077,240],{"class":239},[67,132079,45],{"class":243},[67,132081,240],{"class":239},[67,132083,5552],{"class":81},[67,132085,132086],{"class":3852},"     # 1\n",[67,132088,132089,132091,132093,132095,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105,132107,132109],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,132090,135],{"class":134},[67,132092,138],{"class":81},[67,132094,34894],{"class":117},[67,132096,114],{"class":81},[67,132098,373],{"class":117},[67,132100,138],{"class":81},[67,132102,240],{"class":239},[67,132104,123429],{"class":243},[67,132106,240],{"class":239},[67,132108,5552],{"class":81},[67,132110,132111],{"class":3852},"    # 2\n",[14,132113,2366],{},[25,132115,132116,132122],{},[28,132117,132118,128549,132120],{},[17,132119,18283],{},[17,132121,464],{},[28,132123,132124,128549,132126],{},[17,132125,128548],{},[17,132127,2245],{},[14,132129,132130],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[58,132132,132134],{"className":60,"code":132133,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[17,132135,132136,132148,132152,132176],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,132137,132138,132140,132142,132144,132146],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,132139,34873],{"class":73},[67,132141,78],{"class":77},[67,132143,251],{"class":239},[67,132145,35052],{"class":243},[67,132147,3547],{"class":239},[67,132149,132150],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,132151,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,132153,132154,132156,132158,132160,132162,132164,132166,132168,132170,132172,132174],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,132155,135],{"class":134},[67,132157,138],{"class":81},[67,132159,34894],{"class":117},[67,132161,114],{"class":81},[67,132163,373],{"class":117},[67,132165,138],{"class":81},[67,132167,240],{"class":239},[67,132169,51368],{"class":243},[67,132171,240],{"class":239},[67,132173,5552],{"class":81},[67,132175,20956],{"class":3852},[67,132177,132178],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,132179,132180],{"class":3852},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[53,132182,352],{"id":351},[14,132184,2347],{},[58,132186,132188],{"className":60,"code":132187,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[17,132189,132190],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,132191,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,132193,61343],{"class":73},[67,132195,114],{"class":81},[67,132197,373],{"class":117},[67,132199,138],{"class":81},[67,132201,2661],{"class":117},[67,132203,89],{"class":81},[67,132205,36235],{"class":117},[67,132207,89],{"class":81},[67,132209,65208],{"class":117},[67,132211,144],{"class":81},[14,132213,132214],{},"Parameters:",[25,132216,132217,132221,132225],{},[28,132218,132219,123528],{},[17,132220,2661],{},[28,132222,132223,128595],{},[17,132224,36256],{},[28,132226,132227,132229],{},[17,132228,52838],{},": optional stopping position",[14,132231,132232],{},"You can use just the value:",[58,132234,132236],{"className":60,"code":132235,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[17,132237,132238,132250],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,132239,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,132241,34873],{"class":73},[67,132243,78],{"class":77},[67,132245,251],{"class":239},[67,132247,62],{"class":243},[67,132249,3547],{"class":239},[67,132251,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,132253,135],{"class":134},[67,132255,138],{"class":81},[67,132257,34894],{"class":117},[67,132259,114],{"class":81},[67,132261,373],{"class":117},[67,132263,138],{"class":81},[67,132265,240],{"class":239},[67,132267,63455],{"class":243},[67,132269,240],{"class":239},[67,132271,5552],{"class":81},[67,132273,51592],{"class":3852},[14,132275,132276],{},"Or include a start position:",[58,132278,132280],{"className":60,"code":132279,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[17,132281,132282,132294],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,132283,132284,132286,132288,132290,132292],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,132285,34873],{"class":73},[67,132287,78],{"class":77},[67,132289,251],{"class":239},[67,132291,698],{"class":243},[67,132293,3547],{"class":239},[67,132295,132296,132298,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,132297,135],{"class":134},[67,132299,138],{"class":81},[67,132301,34894],{"class":117},[67,132303,114],{"class":81},[67,132305,373],{"class":117},[67,132307,138],{"class":81},[67,132309,240],{"class":239},[67,132311,45],{"class":243},[67,132313,240],{"class":239},[67,132315,89],{"class":81},[67,132317,3182],{"class":85},[67,132319,5552],{"class":81},[67,132321,50948],{"class":3852},[14,132323,132324,132325,961,132327,1161],{},"Or include both ",[17,132326,36256],{},[17,132328,52838],{},[58,132330,132332],{"className":60,"code":132331,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[17,132333,132334,132346],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,132335,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,132337,34873],{"class":73},[67,132339,78],{"class":77},[67,132341,251],{"class":239},[67,132343,698],{"class":243},[67,132345,3547],{"class":239},[67,132347,132348,132350,132352,132354,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370,132372,132374,132376],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,132349,135],{"class":134},[67,132351,138],{"class":81},[67,132353,34894],{"class":117},[67,132355,114],{"class":81},[67,132357,373],{"class":117},[67,132359,138],{"class":81},[67,132361,240],{"class":239},[67,132363,45],{"class":243},[67,132365,240],{"class":239},[67,132367,89],{"class":81},[67,132369,3182],{"class":85},[67,132371,89],{"class":81},[67,132373,4794],{"class":85},[67,132375,5552],{"class":81},[67,132377,50948],{"class":3852},[53,132379,38200],{"id":38199},[14,132381,28895,132382,132384,132385,114],{},[17,132383,59136],{}," is a ",[3934,132386,132387],{},"zero-based index",[14,132389,2296],{},[25,132391,132392,132398,132403],{},[28,132393,132394,132395,132397],{},"Index ",[17,132396,1031],{}," is the first character",[28,132399,132394,132400,132402],{},[17,132401,464],{}," is the second character",[28,132404,132394,132405,132407],{},[17,132406,2245],{}," is the third character",[14,132409,222],{},[58,132411,132413],{"className":60,"code":132412,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[17,132414,132415,132427,132431,132455,132479],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,132416,132417,132419,132421,132423,132425],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,132418,34873],{"class":73},[67,132420,78],{"class":77},[67,132422,251],{"class":239},[67,132424,37227],{"class":243},[67,132426,3547],{"class":239},[67,132428,132429],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,132430,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,132432,132433,132435,132437,132439,132441,132443,132445,132447,132449,132451,132453],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,132434,135],{"class":134},[67,132436,138],{"class":81},[67,132438,34894],{"class":117},[67,132440,114],{"class":81},[67,132442,373],{"class":117},[67,132444,138],{"class":81},[67,132446,240],{"class":239},[67,132448,437],{"class":243},[67,132450,240],{"class":239},[67,132452,5552],{"class":81},[67,132454,51424],{"class":3852},[67,132456,132457,132459,132461,132463,132465,132467,132469,132471,132473,132475,132477],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,132458,135],{"class":134},[67,132460,138],{"class":81},[67,132462,34894],{"class":117},[67,132464,114],{"class":81},[67,132466,373],{"class":117},[67,132468,138],{"class":81},[67,132470,240],{"class":239},[67,132472,45],{"class":243},[67,132474,240],{"class":239},[67,132476,5552],{"class":81},[67,132478,27967],{"class":3852},[67,132480,132481,132483,132485,132487,132489,132491,132493,132495,132497,132499,132501],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,132482,135],{"class":134},[67,132484,138],{"class":81},[67,132486,34894],{"class":117},[67,132488,114],{"class":81},[67,132490,373],{"class":117},[67,132492,138],{"class":81},[67,132494,240],{"class":239},[67,132496,63455],{"class":243},[67,132498,240],{"class":239},[67,132500,5552],{"class":81},[67,132502,51592],{"class":3852},[14,132504,132505,132507,132508,132510],{},[17,132506,59136],{}," returns only the ",[3934,132509,30093],{}," matching position.",[58,132512,132514],{"className":60,"code":132513,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[17,132515,132516,132528],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,132517,132518,132520,132522,132524,132526],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,132519,34873],{"class":73},[67,132521,78],{"class":77},[67,132523,251],{"class":239},[67,132525,698],{"class":243},[67,132527,3547],{"class":239},[67,132529,132530,132532,132534,132536,132538,132540,132542,132544,132546,132548,132550],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,132531,135],{"class":134},[67,132533,138],{"class":81},[67,132535,34894],{"class":117},[67,132537,114],{"class":81},[67,132539,373],{"class":117},[67,132541,138],{"class":81},[67,132543,240],{"class":239},[67,132545,45],{"class":243},[67,132547,240],{"class":239},[67,132549,5552],{"class":81},[67,132551,27967],{"class":3852},[14,132553,21166,132554,132556],{},[17,132555,18283],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132558,132559,132560,114],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[45,132561,132562,946],{"href":124786},[17,132563,58759],{},[53,132565,8604,132566,961,132568],{"id":65574},[17,132567,36256],{},[17,132569,52838],{},[14,132571,379,132572,961,132574,132576],{},[17,132573,36256],{},[17,132575,52838],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132578,132579],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132581,46218,132582,1161],{},[17,132583,36256],{},[58,132585,132587],{"className":60,"code":132586,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[17,132588,132589,132601,132605,132629,132657],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,132590,132591,132593,132595,132597,132599],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,132592,34873],{"class":73},[67,132594,78],{"class":77},[67,132596,251],{"class":239},[67,132598,698],{"class":243},[67,132600,3547],{"class":239},[67,132602,132603],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,132604,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,132606,132607,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621,132623,132625,132627],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,132608,135],{"class":134},[67,132610,138],{"class":81},[67,132612,34894],{"class":117},[67,132614,114],{"class":81},[67,132616,373],{"class":117},[67,132618,138],{"class":81},[67,132620,240],{"class":239},[67,132622,45],{"class":243},[67,132624,240],{"class":239},[67,132626,5552],{"class":81},[67,132628,51297],{"class":3852},[67,132630,132631,132633,132635,132637,132639,132641,132643,132645,132647,132649,132651,132653,132655],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,132632,135],{"class":134},[67,132634,138],{"class":81},[67,132636,34894],{"class":117},[67,132638,114],{"class":81},[67,132640,373],{"class":117},[67,132642,138],{"class":81},[67,132644,240],{"class":239},[67,132646,45],{"class":243},[67,132648,240],{"class":239},[67,132650,89],{"class":81},[67,132652,3182],{"class":85},[67,132654,5552],{"class":81},[67,132656,51147],{"class":3852},[67,132658,132659,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681,132683],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,132660,135],{"class":134},[67,132662,138],{"class":81},[67,132664,34894],{"class":117},[67,132666,114],{"class":81},[67,132668,373],{"class":117},[67,132670,138],{"class":81},[67,132672,240],{"class":239},[67,132674,45],{"class":243},[67,132676,240],{"class":239},[67,132678,89],{"class":81},[67,132680,2645],{"class":85},[67,132682,5552],{"class":81},[67,132684,50931],{"class":3852},[14,132686,20145],{},[25,132688,132689,132696,132702],{},[28,132690,132691,132692,65764,132694],{},"The first search finds the first ",[17,132693,18283],{},[17,132695,464],{},[28,132697,132698,132699,132701],{},"Starting at index ",[17,132700,2245],{}," skips that first match",[28,132703,132698,132704,132706,132707],{},[17,132705,2694],{}," finds the last ",[17,132708,18283],{},[14,132710,46218,132711,1161],{},[17,132712,52838],{},[58,132714,132716],{"className":60,"code":132715,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[17,132717,132718,132730,132734],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,132719,132720,132722,132724,132726,132728],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,132721,34873],{"class":73},[67,132723,78],{"class":77},[67,132725,251],{"class":239},[67,132727,698],{"class":243},[67,132729,3547],{"class":239},[67,132731,132732],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,132733,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,132735,132736,132738,132740,132742,132744,132746,132748,132750,132752,132754,132756,132758,132760,132762,132764],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,132737,135],{"class":134},[67,132739,138],{"class":81},[67,132741,34894],{"class":117},[67,132743,114],{"class":81},[67,132745,373],{"class":117},[67,132747,138],{"class":81},[67,132749,240],{"class":239},[67,132751,76011],{"class":243},[67,132753,240],{"class":239},[67,132755,89],{"class":81},[67,132757,1388],{"class":85},[67,132759,89],{"class":81},[67,132761,2645],{"class":85},[67,132763,5552],{"class":81},[67,132765,51592],{"class":3852},[14,132767,132768],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132770,132771],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[53,132773,44392,132775,132777],{"id":132774},"when-index-causes-an-error",[17,132776,59136],{}," causes an error",[14,132779,132780,132781,52672,132783,114],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[17,132782,59136],{},[17,132784,40883],{},[14,132786,222],{},[58,132788,132790],{"className":60,"code":132789,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[17,132791,132792,132804],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,132793,132794,132796,132798,132800,132802],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,132795,34873],{"class":73},[67,132797,78],{"class":77},[67,132799,251],{"class":239},[67,132801,4036],{"class":243},[67,132803,3547],{"class":239},[67,132805,132806,132808,132810,132812,132814,132816,132818,132820,132822,132824],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,132807,135],{"class":134},[67,132809,138],{"class":81},[67,132811,34894],{"class":117},[67,132813,114],{"class":81},[67,132815,373],{"class":117},[67,132817,138],{"class":81},[67,132819,240],{"class":239},[67,132821,22266],{"class":243},[67,132823,240],{"class":239},[67,132825,1426],{"class":81},[14,132827,159],{},[58,132829,132831],{"className":60,"code":132830,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[17,132832,132833],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,132834,132835,132837,132839,132842,132844],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,132836,40883],{"class":362},[67,132838,1161],{"class":81},[67,132840,132841],{"class":73}," substring ",[67,132843,4820],{"class":77},[67,132845,65997],{"class":73},[14,132847,53516,132848,126302,132853,132855],{},[45,132849,132850],{"href":129980},[17,132851,132852],{},"str.find()",[17,132854,935],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132857,132858,132859,961,132861,1161],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[17,132860,1190],{},[17,132862,1193],{},[58,132864,132866],{"className":60,"code":132865,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[17,132867,132868,132880,132884,132890,132913,132923,132931],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,132869,132870,132872,132874,132876,132878],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,132871,34873],{"class":73},[67,132873,78],{"class":77},[67,132875,251],{"class":239},[67,132877,4036],{"class":243},[67,132879,3547],{"class":239},[67,132881,132882],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,132883,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,132885,132886,132888],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,132887,1190],{"class":1167},[67,132889,1223],{"class":81},[67,132891,132892,132895,132897,132899,132901,132903,132905,132907,132909,132911],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,132893,132894],{"class":73},"    position ",[67,132896,78],{"class":77},[67,132898,43021],{"class":73},[67,132900,114],{"class":81},[67,132902,373],{"class":117},[67,132904,138],{"class":81},[67,132906,240],{"class":239},[67,132908,22266],{"class":243},[67,132910,240],{"class":239},[67,132912,144],{"class":81},[67,132914,132915,132917,132919,132921],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,132916,1228],{"class":134},[67,132918,138],{"class":81},[67,132920,65114],{"class":117},[67,132922,144],{"class":81},[67,132924,132925,132927,132929],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,132926,1193],{"class":1167},[67,132928,42106],{"class":362},[67,132930,1223],{"class":81},[67,132932,132933,132935,132937,132939,132942,132944],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,132934,1228],{"class":134},[67,132936,138],{"class":81},[67,132938,240],{"class":239},[67,132940,132941],{"class":243},"Substring not found",[67,132943,240],{"class":239},[67,132945,144],{"class":81},[14,132947,132948],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,132950,42126,132951,114],{},[45,132952,25868,132954],{"href":132953},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[17,132955,129307],{},[53,132957,132959,10773,132961],{"id":132958},"index-vs-find",[17,132960,59136],{},[17,132962,124331],{},[14,132964,132965,961,132967,132969],{},[17,132966,59136],{},[17,132968,124331],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1109,132971,132972],{"id":373},[17,132973,59136],{},[25,132975,132976,132979],{},[28,132977,132978],{},"Returns the first match position",[28,132980,132981],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[58,132983,132985],{"className":60,"code":132984,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[17,132986,132987,132999,133023],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,132988,132989,132991,132993,132995,132997],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,132990,34873],{"class":73},[67,132992,78],{"class":77},[67,132994,251],{"class":239},[67,132996,4036],{"class":243},[67,132998,3547],{"class":239},[67,133000,133001,133003,133005,133007,133009,133011,133013,133015,133017,133019,133021],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,133002,135],{"class":134},[67,133004,138],{"class":81},[67,133006,34894],{"class":117},[67,133008,114],{"class":81},[67,133010,373],{"class":117},[67,133012,138],{"class":81},[67,133014,240],{"class":239},[67,133016,60616],{"class":243},[67,133018,240],{"class":239},[67,133020,5552],{"class":81},[67,133022,27967],{"class":3852},[67,133024,133025],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,133026,133027],{"class":3852},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1109,133029,133030],{"id":128361},[17,133031,124331],{},[25,133033,133034,133036],{},[28,133035,132978],{},[28,133037,11611,133038,133040],{},[17,133039,935],{}," if nothing is found",[58,133042,133044],{"className":60,"code":133043,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[17,133045,133046,133058,133082],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,133047,133048,133050,133052,133054,133056],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,133049,34873],{"class":73},[67,133051,78],{"class":77},[67,133053,251],{"class":239},[67,133055,4036],{"class":243},[67,133057,3547],{"class":239},[67,133059,133060,133062,133064,133066,133068,133070,133072,133074,133076,133078,133080],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,133061,135],{"class":134},[67,133063,138],{"class":81},[67,133065,34894],{"class":117},[67,133067,114],{"class":81},[67,133069,128361],{"class":117},[67,133071,138],{"class":81},[67,133073,240],{"class":239},[67,133075,60616],{"class":243},[67,133077,240],{"class":239},[67,133079,5552],{"class":81},[67,133081,27967],{"class":3852},[67,133083,133084,133086,133088,133090,133092,133094,133096,133098,133100,133102,133104],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,133085,135],{"class":134},[67,133087,138],{"class":81},[67,133089,34894],{"class":117},[67,133091,114],{"class":81},[67,133093,128361],{"class":117},[67,133095,138],{"class":81},[67,133097,240],{"class":239},[67,133099,22266],{"class":243},[67,133101,240],{"class":239},[67,133103,5552],{"class":81},[67,133105,128717],{"class":3852},[14,133107,185,133108,133110],{},[17,133109,59136],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,133112,185,133113,133115],{},[17,133114,124331],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,133117,133118,133119,3068,133124,114],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[45,133120,133121,133123],{"href":129980},[17,133122,132852],{}," method reference",[45,133125,127372],{"href":133126},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[53,133128,1907],{"id":1906},[14,133130,133131,133132,1161],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[17,133133,59136],{},[25,133135,133136,133139,133146,133151,133156],{},[28,133137,133138],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[28,133140,1930,133141,8642,133143,133145],{},[17,133142,59136],{},[17,133144,935],{}," when no match exists",[28,133147,8604,133148,133150],{},[17,133149,59136],{}," on a value that may not be present",[28,133152,133153,133154],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[17,133155,464],{},[28,133157,4768,133158,133160],{},[17,133159,59136],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,133162,62463],{},[58,133164,133166],{"className":60,"code":133165,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[17,133167,133168,133178,133192,133214,133236],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,133169,133170,133172,133174,133176],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,133171,135],{"class":134},[67,133173,138],{"class":81},[67,133175,34894],{"class":117},[67,133177,144],{"class":81},[67,133179,133180,133182,133184,133186,133188,133190],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,133181,135],{"class":134},[67,133183,138],{"class":81},[67,133185,41959],{"class":134},[67,133187,138],{"class":81},[67,133189,34894],{"class":117},[67,133191,1426],{"class":81},[67,133193,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204,133206,133208,133210,133212],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,133195,135],{"class":134},[67,133197,138],{"class":81},[67,133199,34894],{"class":117},[67,133201,114],{"class":81},[67,133203,373],{"class":117},[67,133205,138],{"class":81},[67,133207,240],{"class":239},[67,133209,2661],{"class":243},[67,133211,240],{"class":239},[67,133213,1426],{"class":81},[67,133215,133216,133218,133220,133222,133224,133226,133228,133230,133232,133234],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,133217,135],{"class":134},[67,133219,138],{"class":81},[67,133221,34894],{"class":117},[67,133223,114],{"class":81},[67,133225,128361],{"class":117},[67,133227,138],{"class":81},[67,133229,240],{"class":239},[67,133231,2661],{"class":243},[67,133233,240],{"class":239},[67,133235,1426],{"class":81},[67,133237,133238,133240,133242,133244,133246,133248,133250,133252,133254,133256,133258,133260,133262,133264],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,133239,135],{"class":134},[67,133241,138],{"class":81},[67,133243,34894],{"class":117},[67,133245,114],{"class":81},[67,133247,373],{"class":117},[67,133249,138],{"class":81},[67,133251,240],{"class":239},[67,133253,2661],{"class":243},[67,133255,240],{"class":239},[67,133257,89],{"class":81},[67,133259,36235],{"class":117},[67,133261,89],{"class":81},[67,133263,65208],{"class":117},[67,133265,1426],{"class":81},[14,133267,133268],{},"Tips:",[25,133270,133271,133276,133281,133284],{},[28,133272,185,133273,133275],{},[17,133274,126258],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[28,133277,185,133278,133280],{},[17,133279,124331],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[28,133282,133283],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[28,133285,133286,133287],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[17,133288,1031],{},[53,133290,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,133292,129840,133294,12906],{"id":133293},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[17,133295,59136],{},[14,133297,133298],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1109,133300,133302],{"id":133301},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133304,76839,133305,114],{},[17,133306,40883],{},[1109,133308,5369,133310,961,133312,2681],{"id":133309},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[17,133311,59136],{},[17,133313,124331],{},[14,133315,133316,133318,133319,2584,133321,6823],{},[17,133317,59136],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[17,133320,124331],{},[17,133322,935],{},[1109,133324,5359,133326,133328],{"id":133325},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[17,133327,59136],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133330,133331],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1109,133333,133335,133336,124672],{"id":133334},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[17,133337,59136],{},[14,133339,129865],{},[53,133341,2094],{"id":2093},[25,133343,133344,133350,133354,133359,133365],{},[28,133345,133346],{},[45,133347,133348,946],{"href":129980},[17,133349,132852],{},[28,133351,133352],{},[45,133353,124735],{"href":133126},[28,133355,133356],{},[45,133357,129941],{"href":133358},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[28,133360,133361],{},[45,133362,133363,946],{"href":124786},[17,133364,58759],{},[28,133366,133367],{},[45,133368,30531,133369],{"href":132953},[17,133370,129307],{},[2122,133372,133373],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":133375},[133376,133377,133379,133380,133381,133382,133384,133389,133390,133401],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":132012,"depth":103,"text":133378},"What str.index() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":38199,"depth":103,"text":38200},{"id":65574,"depth":103,"text":66356},{"id":132774,"depth":103,"text":133383},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132958,"depth":103,"text":133385,"children":133386},"index() vs find()",[133387,133388],{"id":373,"depth":124,"text":59136},{"id":128361,"depth":124,"text":124331},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":133391},[133392,133394,133395,133397,133399],{"id":133293,"depth":124,"text":133393},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133301,"depth":124,"text":133302},{"id":133309,"depth":124,"text":133396},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133325,"depth":124,"text":133398},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133334,"depth":124,"text":133400},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131921,"description":133402},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133409,"title":133410,"body":133411,"description":136186,"extension":2153,"meta":136187,"navigation":127,"path":136188,"seo":136189,"stem":136190,"__hash__":136191},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133412,"toc":136122},[133413,133419,133424,133427,133430,133441,133443,133512,133514,133528,133533,133538,133543,133545,133588,133590,133673,133675,133721,133727,133729,133731,133751,133753,133776,133778,133852,133854,133873,133878,133880,133884,133956,133958,133972,133976,134052,134054,134073,134077,134171,134173,134182,134189,134265,134267,134285,134289,134292,134299,134348,134350,134359,134366,134425,134427,134445,134448,134455,134514,134516,134534,134541,134598,134600,134609,134613,134618,134622,134681,134683,134701,134705,134752,134757,134760,134829,134831,134848,134855,134861,134916,134921,134924,135001,135003,135021,135027,135033,135093,135095,135114,135120,135123,135130,135183,135188,135190,135251,135260,135267,135269,135326,135331,135333,135404,135408,135463,135465,135474,135479,135485,135554,135556,135588,135594,135602,135609,135615,135680,135682,135691,135697,135778,135780,135789,135794,135808,135815,135819,135824,135852,135854,135987,135990,136027,136029,136035,136044,136049,136052,136057,136062,136068,136071,136080,136083,136085,136114,136119],[10,133414,123336,133416,11509],{"id":133415},"python-string-join-method",[17,133417,133418],{},"join()",[14,133420,123341,133421,133423],{},[17,133422,133418],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133425,133426],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133428,133429],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[25,133431,133432,133438],{},[28,133433,133434,133435,133437],{},"You call ",[17,133436,133418],{}," on the separator string",[28,133439,133440],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[53,133442,3798],{"id":3797},[58,133444,133446],{"className":60,"code":133445,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[17,133447,133448,133481,133502],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,133449,133450,133452,133454,133456,133458,133460,133462,133464,133466,133468,133470,133472,133474,133477,133479],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,133451,4261],{"class":73},[67,133453,78],{"class":77},[67,133455,82],{"class":81},[67,133457,240],{"class":239},[67,133459,7488],{"class":243},[67,133461,240],{"class":239},[67,133463,89],{"class":81},[67,133465,251],{"class":239},[67,133467,12383],{"class":243},[67,133469,240],{"class":239},[67,133471,89],{"class":81},[67,133473,251],{"class":239},[67,133475,133476],{"class":243},"fun",[67,133478,240],{"class":239},[67,133480,100],{"class":81},[67,133482,133483,133485,133487,133489,133491,133493,133496,133498,133500],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,133484,2416],{"class":73},[67,133486,78],{"class":77},[67,133488,251],{"class":239},[67,133490,251],{"class":239},[67,133492,114],{"class":81},[67,133494,133495],{"class":117},"join",[67,133497,138],{"class":81},[67,133499,4302],{"class":117},[67,133501,144],{"class":81},[67,133503,133504,133506,133508,133510],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,133505,135],{"class":134},[67,133507,138],{"class":81},[67,133509,2451],{"class":117},[67,133511,144],{"class":81},[14,133513,159],{},[58,133515,133517],{"className":60,"code":133516,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Python is fun\n",[17,133518,133519],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,133520,133521,133523,133525],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,133522,3764],{"class":73},[67,133524,12383],{"class":77},[67,133526,133527],{"class":73}," fun\n",[14,133529,185,133530,133532],{},[17,133531,133418],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[53,133534,3867,133536,3870],{"id":133535},"what-join-does",[17,133537,133418],{},[14,133539,133540,133542],{},[17,133541,133418],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133544,11646],{},[25,133546,133547,133554,133582,133585],{},[28,133548,133549,133550,133553],{},"It uses the string before ",[17,133551,133552],{},".join()"," as the separator",[28,133555,133556,133557],{},"Common separators are:\n",[25,133558,133559,133565,133571,133577],{},[28,133560,133561,133564],{},[17,133562,133563],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[28,133566,133567,133570],{},[17,133568,133569],{},"\", \""," for commas",[28,133572,133573,133576],{},[17,133574,133575],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[28,133578,133579,133581],{},[17,133580,6464],{}," for no separator",[28,133583,133584],{},"It returns a new string",[28,133586,133587],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133589,222],{},[58,133591,133593],{"className":60,"code":133592,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[17,133594,133595,133627,133649,133653,133663],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,133596,133597,133599,133601,133603,133605,133607,133609,133611,133613,133615,133617,133619,133621,133623,133625],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,133598,4261],{"class":73},[67,133600,78],{"class":77},[67,133602,82],{"class":81},[67,133604,240],{"class":239},[67,133606,244],{"class":243},[67,133608,240],{"class":239},[67,133610,89],{"class":81},[67,133612,251],{"class":239},[67,133614,254],{"class":243},[67,133616,240],{"class":239},[67,133618,89],{"class":81},[67,133620,251],{"class":239},[67,133622,263],{"class":243},[67,133624,240],{"class":239},[67,133626,100],{"class":81},[67,133628,133629,133631,133633,133635,133637,133639,133641,133643,133645,133647],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,133630,2416],{"class":73},[67,133632,78],{"class":77},[67,133634,251],{"class":239},[67,133636,1550],{"class":243},[67,133638,240],{"class":239},[67,133640,114],{"class":81},[67,133642,133495],{"class":117},[67,133644,138],{"class":81},[67,133646,4302],{"class":117},[67,133648,144],{"class":81},[67,133650,133651],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,133652,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,133654,133655,133657,133659,133661],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,133656,135],{"class":134},[67,133658,138],{"class":81},[67,133660,2451],{"class":117},[67,133662,144],{"class":81},[67,133664,133665,133667,133669,133671],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,133666,135],{"class":134},[67,133668,138],{"class":81},[67,133670,4302],{"class":117},[67,133672,144],{"class":81},[14,133674,159],{},[58,133676,133678],{"className":60,"code":133677,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[17,133679,133680,133693],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,133681,133682,133684,133686,133689,133691],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,133683,244],{"class":73},[67,133685,89],{"class":81},[67,133687,133688],{"class":73}," green",[67,133690,89],{"class":81},[67,133692,36066],{"class":73},[67,133694,133695,133697,133699,133701,133703,133705,133707,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,133696,174],{"class":81},[67,133698,333],{"class":239},[67,133700,244],{"class":243},[67,133702,333],{"class":239},[67,133704,89],{"class":81},[67,133706,342],{"class":239},[67,133708,254],{"class":243},[67,133710,333],{"class":239},[67,133712,89],{"class":81},[67,133714,342],{"class":239},[67,133716,263],{"class":243},[67,133718,333],{"class":239},[67,133720,100],{"class":81},[14,133722,133723,133724,133726],{},"The list stays the same. ",[17,133725,133418],{}," creates a new string.",[53,133728,352],{"id":351},[14,133730,7409],{},[58,133732,133734],{"className":60,"code":133733,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[17,133735,133736],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,133737,133738,133741,133743,133745,133747,133749],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,133739,133740],{"class":73},"separator",[67,133742,114],{"class":81},[67,133744,133495],{"class":117},[67,133746,138],{"class":81},[67,133748,3911],{"class":117},[67,133750,144],{"class":81},[1109,133752,49189],{"id":49188},[25,133754,133755,133768,133773],{},[28,133756,133757,133759,133760,1550,133762,1550,133764,1553,133766],{},[17,133758,133740],{}," is a string such as ",[17,133761,133563],{},[17,133763,133569],{},[17,133765,133575],{},[17,133767,6464],{},[28,133769,133770,133772],{},[17,133771,3911],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[28,133774,133775],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133777,222],{},[58,133779,133781],{"className":60,"code":133780,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,133782,133783,133815,133838,133842],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,133784,133785,133787,133789,133791,133793,133795,133797,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811,133813],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,133786,977],{"class":73},[67,133788,78],{"class":77},[67,133790,82],{"class":81},[67,133792,240],{"class":239},[67,133794,986],{"class":243},[67,133796,240],{"class":239},[67,133798,89],{"class":81},[67,133800,251],{"class":239},[67,133802,995],{"class":243},[67,133804,240],{"class":239},[67,133806,89],{"class":81},[67,133808,251],{"class":239},[67,133810,1004],{"class":243},[67,133812,240],{"class":239},[67,133814,100],{"class":81},[67,133816,133817,133819,133821,133823,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834,133836],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,133818,2416],{"class":73},[67,133820,78],{"class":77},[67,133822,251],{"class":239},[67,133824,133825],{"class":243}," | ",[67,133827,240],{"class":239},[67,133829,114],{"class":81},[67,133831,133495],{"class":117},[67,133833,138],{"class":81},[67,133835,1057],{"class":117},[67,133837,144],{"class":81},[67,133839,133840],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,133841,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,133843,133844,133846,133848,133850],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,133845,135],{"class":134},[67,133847,138],{"class":81},[67,133849,2451],{"class":117},[67,133851,144],{"class":81},[14,133853,159],{},[58,133855,133857],{"className":60,"code":133856,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[17,133858,133859],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,133860,133861,133864,133866,133869,133871],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,133862,133863],{"class":73},"Ana ",[67,133865,113843],{"class":77},[67,133867,133868],{"class":73}," Ben ",[67,133870,113843],{"class":77},[67,133872,36205],{"class":73},[14,133874,133875,133876,114],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[45,133877,125091],{"href":51153},[53,133879,121867],{"id":121866},[1109,133881,133883],{"id":133882},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[58,133885,133887],{"className":60,"code":133886,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,133888,133889,133922,133942,133946],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,133890,133891,133893,133895,133897,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915,133918,133920],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,133892,4261],{"class":73},[67,133894,78],{"class":77},[67,133896,82],{"class":81},[67,133898,240],{"class":239},[67,133900,7488],{"class":243},[67,133902,240],{"class":239},[67,133904,89],{"class":81},[67,133906,251],{"class":239},[67,133908,12383],{"class":243},[67,133910,240],{"class":239},[67,133912,89],{"class":81},[67,133914,251],{"class":239},[67,133916,133917],{"class":243},"easy",[67,133919,240],{"class":239},[67,133921,100],{"class":81},[67,133923,133924,133926,133928,133930,133932,133934,133936,133938,133940],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,133925,2416],{"class":73},[67,133927,78],{"class":77},[67,133929,251],{"class":239},[67,133931,251],{"class":239},[67,133933,114],{"class":81},[67,133935,133495],{"class":117},[67,133937,138],{"class":81},[67,133939,4302],{"class":117},[67,133941,144],{"class":81},[67,133943,133944],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,133945,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,133947,133948,133950,133952,133954],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,133949,135],{"class":134},[67,133951,138],{"class":81},[67,133953,2451],{"class":117},[67,133955,144],{"class":81},[14,133957,159],{},[58,133959,133961],{"className":60,"code":133960,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Python is easy\n",[17,133962,133963],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,133964,133965,133967,133969],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,133966,3764],{"class":73},[67,133968,12383],{"class":77},[67,133970,133971],{"class":73}," easy\n",[1109,133973,133975],{"id":133974},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[58,133977,133979],{"className":60,"code":133978,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,133980,133981,134016,134038,134042],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,133982,133983,133985,133987,133989,133991,133994,133996,133998,134000,134003,134005,134007,134009,134012,134014],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,133984,1131],{"class":73},[67,133986,78],{"class":77},[67,133988,82],{"class":81},[67,133990,240],{"class":239},[67,133992,133993],{"class":243},"apples",[67,133995,240],{"class":239},[67,133997,89],{"class":81},[67,133999,251],{"class":239},[67,134001,134002],{"class":243},"bananas",[67,134004,240],{"class":239},[67,134006,89],{"class":81},[67,134008,251],{"class":239},[67,134010,134011],{"class":243},"oranges",[67,134013,240],{"class":239},[67,134015,100],{"class":81},[67,134017,134018,134020,134022,134024,134026,134028,134030,134032,134034,134036],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,134019,2416],{"class":73},[67,134021,78],{"class":77},[67,134023,251],{"class":239},[67,134025,1550],{"class":243},[67,134027,240],{"class":239},[67,134029,114],{"class":81},[67,134031,133495],{"class":117},[67,134033,138],{"class":81},[67,134035,1141],{"class":117},[67,134037,144],{"class":81},[67,134039,134040],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,134041,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,134043,134044,134046,134048,134050],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,134045,135],{"class":134},[67,134047,138],{"class":81},[67,134049,2451],{"class":117},[67,134051,144],{"class":81},[14,134053,159],{},[58,134055,134057],{"className":60,"code":134056,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[17,134058,134059],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134060,134061,134063,134065,134068,134070],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134062,133993],{"class":73},[67,134064,89],{"class":81},[67,134066,134067],{"class":73}," bananas",[67,134069,89],{"class":81},[67,134071,134072],{"class":73}," oranges\n",[1109,134074,134076],{"id":134075},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[58,134078,134080],{"className":60,"code":134079,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,134081,134082,134139,134157,134161],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134083,134084,134086,134088,134090,134092,134095,134097,134099,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109,134111,134113,134115,134117,134119,134121,134123,134125,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134085,411],{"class":73},[67,134087,78],{"class":77},[67,134089,82],{"class":81},[67,134091,240],{"class":239},[67,134093,134094],{"class":243},"P",[67,134096,240],{"class":239},[67,134098,89],{"class":81},[67,134100,251],{"class":239},[67,134102,11934],{"class":243},[67,134104,240],{"class":239},[67,134106,89],{"class":81},[67,134108,251],{"class":239},[67,134110,63455],{"class":243},[67,134112,240],{"class":239},[67,134114,89],{"class":81},[67,134116,251],{"class":239},[67,134118,60607],{"class":243},[67,134120,240],{"class":239},[67,134122,89],{"class":81},[67,134124,251],{"class":239},[67,134126,60642],{"class":243},[67,134128,240],{"class":239},[67,134130,89],{"class":81},[67,134132,251],{"class":239},[67,134134,76011],{"class":243},[67,134136,240],{"class":239},[67,134138,100],{"class":81},[67,134140,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,134142,2416],{"class":73},[67,134144,78],{"class":77},[67,134146,6318],{"class":239},[67,134148,114],{"class":81},[67,134150,133495],{"class":117},[67,134152,138],{"class":81},[67,134154,490],{"class":117},[67,134156,144],{"class":81},[67,134158,134159],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,134160,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,134162,134163,134165,134167,134169],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,134164,135],{"class":134},[67,134166,138],{"class":81},[67,134168,2451],{"class":117},[67,134170,144],{"class":81},[14,134172,159],{},[58,134174,134176],{"className":60,"code":134175,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Python\n",[17,134177,134178],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134179,134180],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134181,134175],{"class":73},[1109,134183,134185,134186,134188],{"id":134184},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[17,134187,133418],{}," returns the result",[58,134190,134192],{"className":60,"code":134191,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[17,134193,134194,134227,134250,134254],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134195,134196,134198,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208,134210,134212,134214,134216,134218,134220,134223,134225],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134197,4261],{"class":73},[67,134199,78],{"class":77},[67,134201,82],{"class":81},[67,134203,240],{"class":239},[67,134205,6777],{"class":243},[67,134207,240],{"class":239},[67,134209,89],{"class":81},[67,134211,251],{"class":239},[67,134213,79252],{"class":243},[67,134215,240],{"class":239},[67,134217,89],{"class":81},[67,134219,251],{"class":239},[67,134221,134222],{"class":243},"three",[67,134224,240],{"class":239},[67,134226,100],{"class":81},[67,134228,134229,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,134230,134231],{"class":73},"joined_text ",[67,134233,78],{"class":77},[67,134235,251],{"class":239},[67,134237,869],{"class":243},[67,134239,240],{"class":239},[67,134241,114],{"class":81},[67,134243,133495],{"class":117},[67,134245,138],{"class":81},[67,134247,4302],{"class":117},[67,134249,144],{"class":81},[67,134251,134252],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,134253,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,134255,134256,134258,134260,134263],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,134257,135],{"class":134},[67,134259,138],{"class":81},[67,134261,134262],{"class":117},"joined_text",[67,134264,144],{"class":81},[14,134266,159],{},[58,134268,134270],{"className":60,"code":134269,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"one-two-three\n",[17,134271,134272],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134273,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134275,6777],{"class":73},[67,134277,869],{"class":77},[67,134279,79252],{"class":73},[67,134281,869],{"class":77},[67,134283,134284],{"class":73},"three\n",[53,134286,134288],{"id":134287},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134290,134291],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1109,134293,134295,134298],{"id":134294},"join-adds-spaces",[17,134296,134297],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[58,134300,134302],{"className":60,"code":134301,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[17,134303,134304,134328],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134305,134306,134308,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134307,4261],{"class":73},[67,134309,78],{"class":77},[67,134311,82],{"class":81},[67,134313,240],{"class":239},[67,134315,4036],{"class":243},[67,134317,240],{"class":239},[67,134319,89],{"class":81},[67,134321,251],{"class":239},[67,134323,60760],{"class":243},[67,134325,240],{"class":239},[67,134327,100],{"class":81},[67,134329,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340,134342,134344,134346],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,134331,135],{"class":134},[67,134333,138],{"class":81},[67,134335,240],{"class":239},[67,134337,251],{"class":239},[67,134339,114],{"class":81},[67,134341,133495],{"class":117},[67,134343,138],{"class":81},[67,134345,4302],{"class":117},[67,134347,1426],{"class":81},[14,134349,159],{},[58,134351,134353],{"className":60,"code":134352,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"hello world\n",[17,134354,134355],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134356,134357],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134358,134352],{"class":73},[1109,134360,134362,134365],{"id":134361},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[17,134363,134364],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[58,134367,134369],{"className":60,"code":134368,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[17,134370,134371,134403],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134372,134373,134375,134377,134379,134381,134383,134385,134387,134389,134391,134393,134395,134397,134399,134401],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134374,232],{"class":73},[67,134376,78],{"class":77},[67,134378,82],{"class":81},[67,134380,240],{"class":239},[67,134382,244],{"class":243},[67,134384,240],{"class":239},[67,134386,89],{"class":81},[67,134388,251],{"class":239},[67,134390,263],{"class":243},[67,134392,240],{"class":239},[67,134394,89],{"class":81},[67,134396,251],{"class":239},[67,134398,254],{"class":243},[67,134400,240],{"class":239},[67,134402,100],{"class":81},[67,134404,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,134406,135],{"class":134},[67,134408,138],{"class":81},[67,134410,240],{"class":239},[67,134412,1550],{"class":243},[67,134414,240],{"class":239},[67,134416,114],{"class":81},[67,134418,133495],{"class":117},[67,134420,138],{"class":81},[67,134422,312],{"class":117},[67,134424,1426],{"class":81},[14,134426,159],{},[58,134428,134430],{"className":60,"code":134429,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"red, blue, green\n",[17,134431,134432],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134433,134434,134436,134438,134441,134443],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134435,244],{"class":73},[67,134437,89],{"class":81},[67,134439,134440],{"class":73}," blue",[67,134442,89],{"class":81},[67,134444,36059],{"class":73},[14,134446,134447],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1109,134449,134451,134454],{"id":134450},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[17,134452,134453],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[58,134456,134458],{"className":60,"code":134457,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[17,134459,134460,134492],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134461,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470,134472,134474,134476,134478,134480,134482,134484,134486,134488,134490],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134463,43016],{"class":73},[67,134465,78],{"class":77},[67,134467,82],{"class":81},[67,134469,240],{"class":239},[67,134471,62],{"class":243},[67,134473,240],{"class":239},[67,134475,89],{"class":81},[67,134477,251],{"class":239},[67,134479,61343],{"class":243},[67,134481,240],{"class":239},[67,134483,89],{"class":81},[67,134485,251],{"class":239},[67,134487,133495],{"class":243},[67,134489,240],{"class":239},[67,134491,100],{"class":81},[67,134493,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,134495,135],{"class":134},[67,134497,138],{"class":81},[67,134499,240],{"class":239},[67,134501,869],{"class":243},[67,134503,240],{"class":239},[67,134505,114],{"class":81},[67,134507,133495],{"class":117},[67,134509,138],{"class":81},[67,134511,43048],{"class":117},[67,134513,1426],{"class":81},[14,134515,159],{},[58,134517,134519],{"className":60,"code":134518,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"python-string-join\n",[17,134520,134521],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134522,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134524,62],{"class":73},[67,134526,869],{"class":77},[67,134528,61343],{"class":73},[67,134530,869],{"class":77},[67,134532,134533],{"class":73},"join\n",[1109,134535,134537,134540],{"id":134536},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[17,134538,134539],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[58,134542,134544],{"className":60,"code":134543,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[17,134545,134546,134579],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134547,134548,134550,134552,134554,134556,134558,134560,134562,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572,134575,134577],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134549,112915],{"class":73},[67,134551,78],{"class":77},[67,134553,82],{"class":81},[67,134555,240],{"class":239},[67,134557,22434],{"class":243},[67,134559,240],{"class":239},[67,134561,89],{"class":81},[67,134563,251],{"class":239},[67,134565,30784],{"class":243},[67,134567,240],{"class":239},[67,134569,89],{"class":81},[67,134571,251],{"class":239},[67,134573,134574],{"class":243},"C",[67,134576,240],{"class":239},[67,134578,100],{"class":81},[67,134580,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134596],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,134582,135],{"class":134},[67,134584,138],{"class":81},[67,134586,6464],{"class":239},[67,134588,114],{"class":81},[67,134590,133495],{"class":117},[67,134592,138],{"class":81},[67,134594,134595],{"class":117},"chars",[67,134597,1426],{"class":81},[14,134599,159],{},[58,134601,134603],{"className":60,"code":134602,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"ABC\n",[17,134604,134605],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134606,134607],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134608,134602],{"class":34638},[53,134610,134612],{"id":134611},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134614,134615,134617],{},[17,134616,133418],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1109,134619,134621],{"id":134620},"this-works","This works",[58,134623,134625],{"className":60,"code":134624,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[17,134626,134627,134659],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134628,134629,134631,134633,134635,134637,134639,134641,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651,134653,134655,134657],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134630,4014],{"class":73},[67,134632,78],{"class":77},[67,134634,82],{"class":81},[67,134636,240],{"class":239},[67,134638,86],{"class":243},[67,134640,240],{"class":239},[67,134642,89],{"class":81},[67,134644,251],{"class":239},[67,134646,1843],{"class":243},[67,134648,240],{"class":239},[67,134650,89],{"class":81},[67,134652,251],{"class":239},[67,134654,37021],{"class":243},[67,134656,240],{"class":239},[67,134658,100],{"class":81},[67,134660,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,134662,135],{"class":134},[67,134664,138],{"class":81},[67,134666,240],{"class":239},[67,134668,1550],{"class":243},[67,134670,240],{"class":239},[67,134672,114],{"class":81},[67,134674,133495],{"class":117},[67,134676,138],{"class":81},[67,134678,5549],{"class":117},[67,134680,1426],{"class":81},[14,134682,159],{},[58,134684,134686],{"className":60,"code":134685,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"10, 20, 30\n",[17,134687,134688],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134689,134690,134692,134694,134696,134698],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134691,86],{"class":85},[67,134693,89],{"class":81},[67,134695,92],{"class":85},[67,134697,89],{"class":81},[67,134699,134700],{"class":85}," 30\n",[1109,134702,134704],{"id":134703},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[58,134706,134708],{"className":60,"code":134707,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[17,134709,134710,134730],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134711,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134722,134724,134726,134728],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134713,4014],{"class":73},[67,134715,78],{"class":77},[67,134717,82],{"class":81},[67,134719,464],{"class":85},[67,134721,89],{"class":81},[67,134723,3182],{"class":85},[67,134725,89],{"class":81},[67,134727,2639],{"class":85},[67,134729,100],{"class":81},[67,134731,134732,134734,134736,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,134733,135],{"class":134},[67,134735,138],{"class":81},[67,134737,240],{"class":239},[67,134739,1550],{"class":243},[67,134741,240],{"class":239},[67,134743,114],{"class":81},[67,134745,133495],{"class":117},[67,134747,138],{"class":81},[67,134749,5549],{"class":117},[67,134751,1426],{"class":81},[14,134753,90292,134754,134756],{},[17,134755,1519],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134758,134759],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[58,134761,134763],{"className":60,"code":134762,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,134764,134765,134785,134815,134819],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134766,134767,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779,134781,134783],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134768,4014],{"class":73},[67,134770,78],{"class":77},[67,134772,82],{"class":81},[67,134774,464],{"class":85},[67,134776,89],{"class":81},[67,134778,3182],{"class":85},[67,134780,89],{"class":81},[67,134782,2639],{"class":85},[67,134784,100],{"class":81},[67,134786,134787,134789,134791,134793,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,134788,2416],{"class":73},[67,134790,78],{"class":77},[67,134792,251],{"class":239},[67,134794,1550],{"class":243},[67,134796,240],{"class":239},[67,134798,114],{"class":81},[67,134800,133495],{"class":117},[67,134802,138],{"class":81},[67,134804,40038],{"class":134},[67,134806,138],{"class":81},[67,134808,1526],{"class":362},[67,134810,89],{"class":81},[67,134812,4077],{"class":117},[67,134814,1426],{"class":81},[67,134816,134817],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,134818,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,134820,134821,134823,134825,134827],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,134822,135],{"class":134},[67,134824,138],{"class":81},[67,134826,2451],{"class":117},[67,134828,144],{"class":81},[14,134830,159],{},[58,134832,134834],{"className":60,"code":134833,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"1, 2, 3\n",[17,134835,134836],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134837,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134839,464],{"class":85},[67,134841,89],{"class":81},[67,134843,3182],{"class":85},[67,134845,89],{"class":81},[67,134847,2767],{"class":85},[14,134849,134850,134851,114],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[45,134852,3764,134853,3697],{"href":42355},[17,134854,47862],{},[1109,134856,134858,134860],{"id":134857},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[17,134859,1103],{}," values do not work directly",[58,134862,134864],{"className":60,"code":134863,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[17,134865,134866,134894],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134867,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134869,4014],{"class":73},[67,134871,78],{"class":77},[67,134873,82],{"class":81},[67,134875,240],{"class":239},[67,134877,689],{"class":243},[67,134879,240],{"class":239},[67,134881,89],{"class":81},[67,134883,4044],{"class":4043},[67,134885,89],{"class":81},[67,134887,251],{"class":239},[67,134889,698],{"class":243},[67,134891,240],{"class":239},[67,134893,100],{"class":81},[67,134895,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,134897,135],{"class":134},[67,134899,138],{"class":81},[67,134901,240],{"class":239},[67,134903,1550],{"class":243},[67,134905,240],{"class":239},[67,134907,114],{"class":81},[67,134909,133495],{"class":117},[67,134911,138],{"class":81},[67,134913,5549],{"class":117},[67,134915,1426],{"class":81},[14,134917,134918,134919,114],{},"This also causes a ",[17,134920,1519],{},[14,134922,134923],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[58,134925,134927],{"className":60,"code":134926,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,134928,134929,134957,134987,134991],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,134930,134931,134933,134935,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,134932,4014],{"class":73},[67,134934,78],{"class":77},[67,134936,82],{"class":81},[67,134938,240],{"class":239},[67,134940,689],{"class":243},[67,134942,240],{"class":239},[67,134944,89],{"class":81},[67,134946,4044],{"class":4043},[67,134948,89],{"class":81},[67,134950,251],{"class":239},[67,134952,698],{"class":243},[67,134954,240],{"class":239},[67,134956,100],{"class":81},[67,134958,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,134960,2416],{"class":73},[67,134962,78],{"class":77},[67,134964,251],{"class":239},[67,134966,1550],{"class":243},[67,134968,240],{"class":239},[67,134970,114],{"class":81},[67,134972,133495],{"class":117},[67,134974,138],{"class":81},[67,134976,40038],{"class":134},[67,134978,138],{"class":81},[67,134980,1526],{"class":362},[67,134982,89],{"class":81},[67,134984,4077],{"class":117},[67,134986,1426],{"class":81},[67,134988,134989],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,134990,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,134992,134993,134995,134997,134999],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,134994,135],{"class":134},[67,134996,138],{"class":81},[67,134998,2451],{"class":117},[67,135000,144],{"class":81},[14,135002,159],{},[58,135004,135006],{"className":60,"code":135005,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"apple, None, banana\n",[17,135007,135008],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135009,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135011,689],{"class":73},[67,135013,89],{"class":81},[67,135015,4044],{"class":4043},[67,135017,89],{"class":81},[67,135019,135020],{"class":73}," banana\n",[14,135022,135023,135024,135026],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[17,135025,1103],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1109,135028,135030,135032],{"id":135029},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[17,135031,133418],{}," also works with tuples",[58,135034,135036],{"className":60,"code":135035,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[17,135037,135038,135070],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135039,135040,135042,135044,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066,135068],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135041,977],{"class":73},[67,135043,78],{"class":77},[67,135045,9423],{"class":81},[67,135047,240],{"class":239},[67,135049,7869],{"class":243},[67,135051,240],{"class":239},[67,135053,89],{"class":81},[67,135055,251],{"class":239},[67,135057,131424],{"class":243},[67,135059,240],{"class":239},[67,135061,89],{"class":81},[67,135063,251],{"class":239},[67,135065,8110],{"class":243},[67,135067,240],{"class":239},[67,135069,144],{"class":81},[67,135071,135072,135074,135076,135078,135081,135083,135085,135087,135089,135091],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,135073,135],{"class":134},[67,135075,138],{"class":81},[67,135077,240],{"class":239},[67,135079,135080],{"class":243}," \u002F ",[67,135082,240],{"class":239},[67,135084,114],{"class":81},[67,135086,133495],{"class":117},[67,135088,138],{"class":81},[67,135090,1057],{"class":117},[67,135092,1426],{"class":81},[14,135094,159],{},[58,135096,135098],{"className":60,"code":135097,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[17,135099,135100],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135101,135102,135105,135107,135110,135112],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135103,135104],{"class":73},"Sam ",[67,135106,127228],{"class":77},[67,135108,135109],{"class":73}," Lee ",[67,135111,127228],{"class":77},[67,135113,22523],{"class":73},[53,135115,135117,135118],{"id":135116},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[17,135119,133418],{},[14,135121,135122],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1109,135124,135126,135127,135129],{"id":135125},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[17,135128,1519],{}," because not all items are strings",[58,135131,135133],{"className":60,"code":135132,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[17,135134,135135,135163],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135136,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135138,1131],{"class":73},[67,135140,78],{"class":77},[67,135142,82],{"class":81},[67,135144,240],{"class":239},[67,135146,45],{"class":243},[67,135148,240],{"class":239},[67,135150,89],{"class":81},[67,135152,3182],{"class":85},[67,135154,89],{"class":81},[67,135156,251],{"class":239},[67,135158,437],{"class":243},[67,135160,240],{"class":239},[67,135162,100],{"class":81},[67,135164,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,135166,135],{"class":134},[67,135168,138],{"class":81},[67,135170,240],{"class":239},[67,135172,251],{"class":239},[67,135174,114],{"class":81},[67,135176,133495],{"class":117},[67,135178,138],{"class":81},[67,135180,1141],{"class":117},[67,135182,1426],{"class":81},[14,135184,48689,135185,135187],{},[17,135186,2245],{}," is an integer.",[14,135189,1177],{},[58,135191,135193],{"className":60,"code":135192,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[17,135194,135195,135223],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135196,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211,135213,135215,135217,135219,135221],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135198,1131],{"class":73},[67,135200,78],{"class":77},[67,135202,82],{"class":81},[67,135204,240],{"class":239},[67,135206,45],{"class":243},[67,135208,240],{"class":239},[67,135210,89],{"class":81},[67,135212,3182],{"class":85},[67,135214,89],{"class":81},[67,135216,251],{"class":239},[67,135218,437],{"class":243},[67,135220,240],{"class":239},[67,135222,100],{"class":81},[67,135224,135225,135227,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,135226,135],{"class":134},[67,135228,138],{"class":81},[67,135230,240],{"class":239},[67,135232,251],{"class":239},[67,135234,114],{"class":81},[67,135236,133495],{"class":117},[67,135238,138],{"class":81},[67,135240,40038],{"class":134},[67,135242,138],{"class":81},[67,135244,1526],{"class":362},[67,135246,89],{"class":81},[67,135248,1220],{"class":117},[67,135250,3102],{"class":81},[14,135252,135253,135254,114],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[45,135255,25868,135257],{"href":135256},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[17,135258,135259],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1109,135261,135263,135264,135266],{"id":135262},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[17,135265,133418],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135268,4714],{},[58,135270,135272],{"className":60,"code":135271,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[17,135273,135274,135306],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135275,135276,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300,135302,135304],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135277,4261],{"class":73},[67,135279,78],{"class":77},[67,135281,82],{"class":81},[67,135283,240],{"class":239},[67,135285,7488],{"class":243},[67,135287,240],{"class":239},[67,135289,89],{"class":81},[67,135291,251],{"class":239},[67,135293,12383],{"class":243},[67,135295,240],{"class":239},[67,135297,89],{"class":81},[67,135299,251],{"class":239},[67,135301,133476],{"class":243},[67,135303,240],{"class":239},[67,135305,100],{"class":81},[67,135307,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,135309,2416],{"class":73},[67,135311,78],{"class":77},[67,135313,6360],{"class":73},[67,135315,114],{"class":81},[67,135317,133495],{"class":117},[67,135319,138],{"class":81},[67,135321,240],{"class":239},[67,135323,251],{"class":239},[67,135325,144],{"class":81},[14,135327,135328,135330],{},[17,135329,133418],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135332,10994],{},[58,135334,135336],{"className":60,"code":135335,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,135337,135338,135370,135390,135394],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135339,135340,135342,135344,135346,135348,135350,135352,135354,135356,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135341,4261],{"class":73},[67,135343,78],{"class":77},[67,135345,82],{"class":81},[67,135347,240],{"class":239},[67,135349,7488],{"class":243},[67,135351,240],{"class":239},[67,135353,89],{"class":81},[67,135355,251],{"class":239},[67,135357,12383],{"class":243},[67,135359,240],{"class":239},[67,135361,89],{"class":81},[67,135363,251],{"class":239},[67,135365,133476],{"class":243},[67,135367,240],{"class":239},[67,135369,100],{"class":81},[67,135371,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382,135384,135386,135388],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,135373,2416],{"class":73},[67,135375,78],{"class":77},[67,135377,251],{"class":239},[67,135379,251],{"class":239},[67,135381,114],{"class":81},[67,135383,133495],{"class":117},[67,135385,138],{"class":81},[67,135387,4302],{"class":117},[67,135389,144],{"class":81},[67,135391,135392],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,135393,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,135395,135396,135398,135400,135402],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,135397,135],{"class":134},[67,135399,138],{"class":81},[67,135401,2451],{"class":117},[67,135403,144],{"class":81},[1109,135405,135407],{"id":135406},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[58,135409,135411],{"className":60,"code":135410,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[17,135412,135413,135445],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135414,135415,135417,135419,135421,135423,135425,135427,135429,135431,135433,135435,135437,135439,135441,135443],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135416,4261],{"class":73},[67,135418,78],{"class":77},[67,135420,82],{"class":81},[67,135422,240],{"class":239},[67,135424,6777],{"class":243},[67,135426,240],{"class":239},[67,135428,89],{"class":81},[67,135430,251],{"class":239},[67,135432,79252],{"class":243},[67,135434,240],{"class":239},[67,135436,89],{"class":81},[67,135438,251],{"class":239},[67,135440,134222],{"class":243},[67,135442,240],{"class":239},[67,135444,100],{"class":81},[67,135446,135447,135449,135451,135453,135455,135457,135459,135461],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,135448,135],{"class":134},[67,135450,138],{"class":81},[67,135452,6464],{"class":239},[67,135454,114],{"class":81},[67,135456,133495],{"class":117},[67,135458,138],{"class":81},[67,135460,4302],{"class":117},[67,135462,1426],{"class":81},[14,135464,159],{},[58,135466,135468],{"className":60,"code":135467,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"onetwothree\n",[17,135469,135470],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135471,135472],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135473,135467],{"class":73},[14,135475,135476,135477,6823],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[17,135478,133563],{},[1109,135480,135482,135483,131686],{"id":135481},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[17,135484,133418],{},[58,135486,135488],{"className":60,"code":135487,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,135489,135490,135522,135540,135544],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135491,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508,135510,135512,135514,135516,135518,135520],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135493,4261],{"class":73},[67,135495,78],{"class":77},[67,135497,82],{"class":81},[67,135499,240],{"class":239},[67,135501,45],{"class":243},[67,135503,240],{"class":239},[67,135505,89],{"class":81},[67,135507,251],{"class":239},[67,135509,428],{"class":243},[67,135511,240],{"class":239},[67,135513,89],{"class":81},[67,135515,251],{"class":239},[67,135517,437],{"class":243},[67,135519,240],{"class":239},[67,135521,100],{"class":81},[67,135523,135524,135526,135528,135530,135532,135534,135536,135538],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,135525,240],{"class":43508},[67,135527,869],{"class":43512},[67,135529,240],{"class":43508},[67,135531,114],{"class":81},[67,135533,133495],{"class":117},[67,135535,138],{"class":81},[67,135537,4302],{"class":117},[67,135539,144],{"class":81},[67,135541,135542],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,135543,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,135545,135546,135548,135550,135552],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,135547,135],{"class":134},[67,135549,138],{"class":81},[67,135551,4302],{"class":117},[67,135553,144],{"class":81},[14,135555,159],{},[58,135557,135558],{"className":60,"code":43055,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,135559,135560],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135561,135562,135564,135566,135568,135570,135572,135574,135576,135578,135580,135582,135584,135586],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135563,174],{"class":81},[67,135565,333],{"class":239},[67,135567,45],{"class":243},[67,135569,333],{"class":239},[67,135571,89],{"class":81},[67,135573,342],{"class":239},[67,135575,428],{"class":243},[67,135577,333],{"class":239},[67,135579,89],{"class":81},[67,135581,342],{"class":239},[67,135583,437],{"class":243},[67,135585,333],{"class":239},[67,135587,100],{"class":81},[14,135589,135590,135591,135593],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[17,135592,133418],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[53,135595,135597,135599,135600],{"id":135596},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[17,135598,133418],{}," vs concatenation with ",[17,135601,2248],{},[14,135603,10778,135604,961,135606,135608],{},[17,135605,133418],{},[17,135607,2248],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1109,135610,185,135612,135614],{"id":135611},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[17,135613,2248],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[58,135616,135618],{"className":60,"code":135617,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,135619,135620,135633,135646,135666,135670],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135621,135622,135625,135627,135629,135631],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135623,135624],{"class":73},"first ",[67,135626,78],{"class":77},[67,135628,251],{"class":239},[67,135630,35052],{"class":243},[67,135632,3547],{"class":239},[67,135634,135635,135638,135640,135642,135644],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,135636,135637],{"class":73},"second ",[67,135639,78],{"class":77},[67,135641,251],{"class":239},[67,135643,89721],{"class":243},[67,135645,3547],{"class":239},[67,135647,135648,135650,135652,135655,135657,135659,135661,135663],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,135649,2416],{"class":73},[67,135651,78],{"class":77},[67,135653,135654],{"class":73}," first ",[67,135656,2248],{"class":77},[67,135658,251],{"class":239},[67,135660,251],{"class":239},[67,135662,2642],{"class":77},[67,135664,135665],{"class":73}," second\n",[67,135667,135668],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,135669,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,135671,135672,135674,135676,135678],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,135673,135],{"class":134},[67,135675,138],{"class":81},[67,135677,2451],{"class":117},[67,135679,144],{"class":81},[14,135681,159],{},[58,135683,135685],{"className":60,"code":135684,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Hello World\n",[17,135686,135687],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135688,135689],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135690,135684],{"class":73},[1109,135692,185,135694,135696],{"id":135693},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[17,135695,133418],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[58,135698,135700],{"className":60,"code":135699,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,135701,135702,135744,135764,135768],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135703,135704,135706,135708,135710,135712,135714,135716,135718,135720,135723,135725,135727,135729,135732,135734,135736,135738,135740,135742],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135705,4261],{"class":73},[67,135707,78],{"class":77},[67,135709,82],{"class":81},[67,135711,240],{"class":239},[67,135713,7488],{"class":243},[67,135715,240],{"class":239},[67,135717,89],{"class":81},[67,135719,251],{"class":239},[67,135721,135722],{"class":243},"makes",[67,135724,240],{"class":239},[67,135726,89],{"class":81},[67,135728,251],{"class":239},[67,135730,135731],{"class":243},"this",[67,135733,240],{"class":239},[67,135735,89],{"class":81},[67,135737,251],{"class":239},[67,135739,133917],{"class":243},[67,135741,240],{"class":239},[67,135743,100],{"class":81},[67,135745,135746,135748,135750,135752,135754,135756,135758,135760,135762],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,135747,2416],{"class":73},[67,135749,78],{"class":77},[67,135751,251],{"class":239},[67,135753,251],{"class":239},[67,135755,114],{"class":81},[67,135757,133495],{"class":117},[67,135759,138],{"class":81},[67,135761,4302],{"class":117},[67,135763,144],{"class":81},[67,135765,135766],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,135767,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,135769,135770,135772,135774,135776],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,135771,135],{"class":134},[67,135773,138],{"class":81},[67,135775,2451],{"class":117},[67,135777,144],{"class":81},[14,135779,159],{},[58,135781,135783],{"className":60,"code":135782,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Python makes this easy\n",[17,135784,135785],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135786,135787],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135788,135782],{"class":73},[14,135790,135791,135793],{},[17,135792,133418],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[25,135795,135796,135799,135802],{},[28,135797,135798],{},"You already have a list of strings",[28,135800,135801],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[28,135803,135804,135805,135807],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[17,135806,2248],{}," operators",[14,135809,135810,135811,114],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[45,135812,135814],{"href":135813},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[53,135816,135818],{"id":135817},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135820,9061,135821,135823],{},[17,135822,133418],{}," is not working, check these first:",[25,135825,135826,135829,135834,135843,135849],{},[28,135827,135828],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[28,135830,135831,135832],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[17,135833,1103],{},[28,135835,135836,135837,11279,135840],{},"You may have written ",[17,135838,135839],{},"list.join(...)",[17,135841,135842],{},"string.join(...)",[28,135844,135845,135846,135848],{},"You may be expecting ",[17,135847,133418],{}," to change the original iterable",[28,135850,135851],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135853,94361],{},[58,135855,135857],{"className":60,"code":135856,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[17,135858,135859,135873,135883,135907,135947],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,135860,135861,135863,135865,135867,135869,135871],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,135862,135],{"class":134},[67,135864,138],{"class":81},[67,135866,2011],{"class":362},[67,135868,138],{"class":81},[67,135870,1141],{"class":117},[67,135872,1426],{"class":81},[67,135874,135875,135877,135879,135881],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,135876,135],{"class":134},[67,135878,138],{"class":81},[67,135880,1141],{"class":117},[67,135882,144],{"class":81},[67,135884,135885,135887,135889,135891,135893,135895,135897,135899,135901,135903,135905],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,135886,135],{"class":134},[67,135888,370],{"class":81},[67,135890,2011],{"class":362},[67,135892,138],{"class":81},[67,135894,479],{"class":117},[67,135896,3849],{"class":81},[67,135898,4068],{"class":1167},[67,135900,6153],{"class":117},[67,135902,4074],{"class":1167},[67,135904,1220],{"class":117},[67,135906,376],{"class":81},[67,135908,135909,135911,135913,135915,135917,135919,135921,135923,135925,135927,135929,135931,135933,135935,135937,135939,135941,135943,135945],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,135910,135],{"class":134},[67,135912,138],{"class":81},[67,135914,333],{"class":239},[67,135916,342],{"class":239},[67,135918,114],{"class":81},[67,135920,133495],{"class":117},[67,135922,370],{"class":81},[67,135924,333],{"class":239},[67,135926,45],{"class":243},[67,135928,333],{"class":239},[67,135930,89],{"class":81},[67,135932,342],{"class":239},[67,135934,428],{"class":243},[67,135936,333],{"class":239},[67,135938,89],{"class":81},[67,135940,342],{"class":239},[67,135942,437],{"class":243},[67,135944,333],{"class":239},[67,135946,3189],{"class":81},[67,135948,135949,135951,135953,135955,135957,135959,135961,135963,135965,135967,135969,135971,135973,135975,135977,135979,135981,135983,135985],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,135950,135],{"class":134},[67,135952,138],{"class":81},[67,135954,333],{"class":239},[67,135956,1550],{"class":243},[67,135958,333],{"class":239},[67,135960,114],{"class":81},[67,135962,133495],{"class":117},[67,135964,138],{"class":81},[67,135966,40038],{"class":134},[67,135968,138],{"class":81},[67,135970,1526],{"class":362},[67,135972,89],{"class":81},[67,135974,82],{"class":81},[67,135976,464],{"class":85},[67,135978,89],{"class":81},[67,135980,3182],{"class":85},[67,135982,89],{"class":81},[67,135984,2639],{"class":85},[67,135986,37444],{"class":81},[14,135988,135989],{},"What these checks do:",[25,135991,135992,136000,136006,136012,136021],{},[28,135993,135994,135997,135998,8284],{},[17,135995,135996],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[17,135999,1141],{},[28,136001,136002,136005],{},[17,136003,136004],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[28,136007,136008,136011],{},[17,136009,136010],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[28,136013,136014,136017,136018,136020],{},[17,136015,136016],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[17,136019,133418],{}," behavior",[28,136022,136023,136026],{},[17,136024,136025],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[53,136028,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,136030,12894,136032,136034],{"id":136031},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[17,136033,133418],{}," work with numbers?",[14,136036,136037,136038,136040,136041,114],{},"Not directly. ",[17,136039,133418],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[17,136042,136043],{},"map(str, values)",[1109,136045,12894,136047,57332],{"id":136046},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[17,136048,133418],{},[14,136050,136051],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1109,136053,28516,136055,62803],{"id":136054},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[17,136056,133418],{},[14,136058,42332,136059,136061],{},[17,136060,133418],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1109,136063,5331,136065,40139],{"id":136064},"what-does-joinwords-do",[17,136066,136067],{},"''.join(words)",[14,136069,136070],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1109,136072,136074,136075,136077,136078,2681],{"id":136073},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[17,136076,1519],{}," when using ",[17,136079,133418],{},[14,136081,136082],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[53,136084,2094],{"id":2093},[25,136086,136087,136092,136098,136104,136110],{},[28,136088,136089],{},[45,136090,136091],{"href":135813},"How to join strings in Python",[28,136093,136094],{},[45,136095,126336,136096,946],{"href":129023},[17,136097,60700],{},[28,136099,136100],{},[45,136101,3764,136102,3697],{"href":42355},[17,136103,47862],{},[28,136105,136106],{},[45,136107,30531,136108],{"href":135256},[17,136109,135259],{},[28,136111,136112],{},[45,136113,125091],{"href":51153},[14,136115,97331,136116,136118],{},[17,136117,133418],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2122,136120,136121],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":136123},[136124,136125,136127,136130,136137,136147,136155,136165,136172,136173,136185],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":133535,"depth":103,"text":136126},"What join() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352,"children":136128},[136129],{"id":49188,"depth":124,"text":49189},{"id":121866,"depth":103,"text":121867,"children":136131},[136132,136133,136134,136135],{"id":133882,"depth":124,"text":133883},{"id":133974,"depth":124,"text":133975},{"id":134075,"depth":124,"text":134076},{"id":134184,"depth":124,"text":136136},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134287,"depth":103,"text":134288,"children":136138},[136139,136141,136143,136145],{"id":134294,"depth":124,"text":136140},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134361,"depth":124,"text":136142},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134450,"depth":124,"text":136144},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134536,"depth":124,"text":136146},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134611,"depth":103,"text":134612,"children":136148},[136149,136150,136151,136153],{"id":134620,"depth":124,"text":134621},{"id":134703,"depth":124,"text":134704},{"id":134857,"depth":124,"text":136152},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135029,"depth":124,"text":136154},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135116,"depth":103,"text":136156,"children":136157},"Common errors with join()",[136158,136160,136162,136163],{"id":135125,"depth":124,"text":136159},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135262,"depth":124,"text":136161},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135406,"depth":124,"text":135407},{"id":135481,"depth":124,"text":136164},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135596,"depth":103,"text":136166,"children":136167},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136168,136170],{"id":135611,"depth":124,"text":136169},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135693,"depth":124,"text":136171},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135817,"depth":103,"text":135818},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":136174},[136175,136177,136179,136181,136183],{"id":136031,"depth":124,"text":136176},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136046,"depth":124,"text":136178},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136054,"depth":124,"text":136180},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136064,"depth":124,"text":136182},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136073,"depth":124,"text":136184},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133410,"description":136186},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136193,"title":136194,"body":136195,"description":137763,"extension":2153,"meta":137764,"navigation":127,"path":137765,"seo":137766,"stem":137767,"__hash__":137768},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136196,"toc":137730},[136197,136202,136207,136209,136223,136268,136275,136280,136285,136287,136303,136312,136314,136316,136331,136333,136343,136345,136407,136409,136412,136473,136475,136491,136493,136506,136509,136556,136558,136564,136567,136570,136630,136638,136724,136728,136733,136735,136749,136752,136837,136840,136898,136909,136964,136966,136973,136979,136985,137029,137032,137079,137081,137083,137090,137092,137123,137126,137128,137159,137163,137166,137168,137208,137210,137253,137259,137264,137266,137293,137298,137301,137350,137354,137357,137432,137443,137446,137503,137510,137516,137524,137529,137536,137543,137561,137563,137617,137625,137627,137632,137635,137641,137647,137652,137655,137661,137667,137674,137682,137684,137727],[10,136198,123336,136200,11509],{"id":136199},"python-string-lower-method",[17,136201,124066],{},[14,136203,123341,136204,136206],{},[17,136205,124066],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,136208,24276],{},[25,136210,136211,136214,136217,136220],{},[28,136212,136213],{},"convert text to lowercase",[28,136215,136216],{},"compare text without case differences",[28,136218,136219],{},"clean up user input",[28,136221,136222],{},"make simple text matching easier",[58,136224,136226],{"className":60,"code":136225,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[17,136227,136228,136241,136255],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,136229,136230,136232,136234,136236,136239],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,136231,34873],{"class":73},[67,136233,78],{"class":77},[67,136235,251],{"class":239},[67,136237,136238],{"class":243},"Hello WORLD",[67,136240,3547],{"class":239},[67,136242,136243,136245,136247,136249,136251,136253],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,136244,2416],{"class":73},[67,136246,78],{"class":77},[67,136248,43021],{"class":73},[67,136250,114],{"class":81},[67,136252,8827],{"class":117},[67,136254,121],{"class":81},[67,136256,136257,136259,136261,136263,136265],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,136258,135],{"class":134},[67,136260,138],{"class":81},[67,136262,2451],{"class":117},[67,136264,3849],{"class":81},[67,136266,136267],{"class":3852},"  # hello world\n",[14,136269,136270,88944,136272,136274],{},[3934,136271,83802],{},[17,136273,124066],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[53,136276,3867,136278,3870],{"id":136277},"what-lower-does",[17,136279,124066],{},[14,136281,136282,136284],{},[17,136283,124066],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136286,13241],{},[25,136288,136289,136294,136297,136300],{},[28,136290,136291,136293],{},[17,136292,124066],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[28,136295,136296],{},"It works on string objects",[28,136298,136299],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[28,136301,136302],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136304,125088,136305,136309,136310,114],{},[45,136306,136308],{"href":136307},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[45,136311,51154],{"href":51153},[53,136313,352],{"id":351},[14,136315,2347],{},[58,136317,136319],{"className":60,"code":136318,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"string.lower()\n",[17,136320,136321],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,136322,136323,136325,136327,136329],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,136324,61343],{"class":73},[67,136326,114],{"class":81},[67,136328,8827],{"class":117},[67,136330,121],{"class":81},[14,136332,208],{},[25,136334,136335,136337,136340],{},[28,136336,97509],{},[28,136338,136339],{},"You call it directly on a string",[28,136341,136342],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136344,222],{},[58,136346,136348],{"className":60,"code":136347,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[17,136349,136350,136373,136377,136390],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,136351,136352,136354,136356,136358,136361,136363,136365,136367,136370],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,136353,135],{"class":134},[67,136355,138],{"class":81},[67,136357,240],{"class":239},[67,136359,136360],{"class":243},"HELLO",[67,136362,240],{"class":239},[67,136364,114],{"class":81},[67,136366,8827],{"class":117},[67,136368,136369],{"class":81},"())",[67,136371,136372],{"class":3852},"  # hello\n",[67,136374,136375],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,136376,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,136378,136379,136381,136383,136385,136388],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,136380,8065],{"class":73},[67,136382,78],{"class":77},[67,136384,251],{"class":239},[67,136386,136387],{"class":243},"PyThOn",[67,136389,3547],{"class":239},[67,136391,136392,136394,136396,136398,136400,136402,136404],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,136393,135],{"class":134},[67,136395,138],{"class":81},[67,136397,7860],{"class":117},[67,136399,114],{"class":81},[67,136401,8827],{"class":117},[67,136403,136369],{"class":81},[67,136405,136406],{"class":3852},"  # python\n",[53,136408,11663],{"id":11662},[14,136410,136411],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[58,136413,136415],{"className":60,"code":136414,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[17,136416,136417,136429,136433,136448,136452,136463],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,136418,136419,136421,136423,136425,136427],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,136420,34873],{"class":73},[67,136422,78],{"class":77},[67,136424,251],{"class":239},[67,136426,136238],{"class":243},[67,136428,3547],{"class":239},[67,136430,136431],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,136432,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,136434,136435,136438,136440,136442,136444,136446],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,136436,136437],{"class":73},"lower_text ",[67,136439,78],{"class":77},[67,136441,43021],{"class":73},[67,136443,114],{"class":81},[67,136445,8827],{"class":117},[67,136447,121],{"class":81},[67,136449,136450],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,136451,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,136453,136454,136456,136458,136461],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,136455,135],{"class":134},[67,136457,138],{"class":81},[67,136459,136460],{"class":117},"lower_text",[67,136462,144],{"class":81},[67,136464,136465,136467,136469,136471],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,136466,135],{"class":134},[67,136468,138],{"class":81},[67,136470,34894],{"class":117},[67,136472,144],{"class":81},[14,136474,159],{},[58,136476,136478],{"className":60,"code":136477,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[17,136479,136480,136484],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,136481,136482],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,136483,134352],{"class":73},[67,136485,136486,136488],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,136487,131752],{"class":73},[67,136489,136490],{"class":34638},"WORLD\n",[14,136492,24796],{},[25,136494,136495,136500],{},[28,136496,136497,136499],{},[17,136498,124066],{}," returns the lowercase result",[28,136501,136502,136503,136505],{},"the original ",[17,136504,34894],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136507,136508],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[58,136510,136512],{"className":60,"code":136511,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[17,136513,136514,136526,136540,136544],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,136515,136516,136518,136520,136522,136524],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,136517,34873],{"class":73},[67,136519,78],{"class":77},[67,136521,251],{"class":239},[67,136523,136238],{"class":243},[67,136525,3547],{"class":239},[67,136527,136528,136530,136532,136534,136536,136538],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,136529,34873],{"class":73},[67,136531,78],{"class":77},[67,136533,43021],{"class":73},[67,136535,114],{"class":81},[67,136537,8827],{"class":117},[67,136539,121],{"class":81},[67,136541,136542],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,136543,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,136545,136546,136548,136550,136552,136554],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,136547,135],{"class":134},[67,136549,138],{"class":81},[67,136551,34894],{"class":117},[67,136553,3849],{"class":81},[67,136555,136267],{"class":3852},[53,136557,17607],{"id":17606},[14,136559,136560,22164,136562,114],{},[17,136561,124066],{},[3934,136563,61343],{},[14,136565,136566],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136568,136569],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[58,136571,136573],{"className":60,"code":136572,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[17,136574,136575,136589,136593,136616],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,136576,136577,136580,136582,136584,136587],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,136578,136579],{"class":73},"answer ",[67,136581,78],{"class":77},[67,136583,251],{"class":239},[67,136585,136586],{"class":243},"YES",[67,136588,3547],{"class":239},[67,136590,136591],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,136592,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,136594,136595,136597,136600,136602,136604,136606,136608,136610,136612,136614],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,136596,1217],{"class":1167},[67,136598,136599],{"class":73}," answer",[67,136601,114],{"class":81},[67,136603,8827],{"class":117},[67,136605,7557],{"class":81},[67,136607,6600],{"class":77},[67,136609,251],{"class":239},[67,136611,8844],{"class":243},[67,136613,240],{"class":239},[67,136615,1223],{"class":81},[67,136617,136618,136620,136622,136624,136626,136628],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,136619,1228],{"class":134},[67,136621,138],{"class":81},[67,136623,240],{"class":239},[67,136625,96818],{"class":243},[67,136627,240],{"class":239},[67,136629,144],{"class":81},[14,136631,136632,136633,1161],{},"This is especially useful with ",[45,136634,136635,136636,2490],{"href":8407},"the ",[17,136637,3148],{},[58,136639,136641],{"className":60,"code":136640,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[17,136642,136643,136662,136666,136688,136703,136709],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,136644,136645,136647,136649,136651,136653,136655,136658,136660],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,136646,136579],{"class":73},[67,136648,78],{"class":77},[67,136650,8430],{"class":134},[67,136652,138],{"class":81},[67,136654,240],{"class":239},[67,136656,136657],{"class":243},"Type yes or no: ",[67,136659,240],{"class":239},[67,136661,144],{"class":81},[67,136663,136664],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,136665,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,136667,136668,136670,136672,136674,136676,136678,136680,136682,136684,136686],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,136669,1217],{"class":1167},[67,136671,136599],{"class":73},[67,136673,114],{"class":81},[67,136675,8827],{"class":117},[67,136677,7557],{"class":81},[67,136679,6600],{"class":77},[67,136681,251],{"class":239},[67,136683,8844],{"class":243},[67,136685,240],{"class":239},[67,136687,1223],{"class":81},[67,136689,136690,136692,136694,136696,136699,136701],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,136691,1228],{"class":134},[67,136693,138],{"class":81},[67,136695,240],{"class":239},[67,136697,136698],{"class":243},"You typed yes",[67,136700,240],{"class":239},[67,136702,144],{"class":81},[67,136704,136705,136707],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,136706,1244],{"class":1167},[67,136708,1223],{"class":81},[67,136710,136711,136713,136715,136717,136720,136722],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,136712,1228],{"class":134},[67,136714,138],{"class":81},[67,136716,240],{"class":239},[67,136718,136719],{"class":243},"You typed something else",[67,136721,240],{"class":239},[67,136723,144],{"class":81},[53,136725,136727],{"id":136726},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136729,136730,136732],{},[17,136731,124066],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136734,7534],{},[25,136736,136737,136740,136743,136746],{},[28,136738,136739],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[28,136741,136742],{},"Make text matching easier",[28,136744,136745],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[28,136747,136748],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136750,136751],{},"Example: checking user input",[58,136753,136755],{"className":60,"code":136754,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[17,136756,136757,136775,136779,136801,136816,136822],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,136758,136759,136761,136763,136765,136767,136769,136771,136773],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,136760,45138],{"class":73},[67,136762,78],{"class":77},[67,136764,8430],{"class":134},[67,136766,138],{"class":81},[67,136768,240],{"class":239},[67,136770,45149],{"class":243},[67,136772,240],{"class":239},[67,136774,144],{"class":81},[67,136776,136777],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,136778,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,136780,136781,136783,136785,136787,136789,136791,136793,136795,136797,136799],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,136782,1217],{"class":1167},[67,136784,36036],{"class":73},[67,136786,114],{"class":81},[67,136788,8827],{"class":117},[67,136790,7557],{"class":81},[67,136792,6600],{"class":77},[67,136794,251],{"class":239},[67,136796,263],{"class":243},[67,136798,240],{"class":239},[67,136800,1223],{"class":81},[67,136802,136803,136805,136807,136809,136812,136814],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,136804,1228],{"class":134},[67,136806,138],{"class":81},[67,136808,240],{"class":239},[67,136810,136811],{"class":243},"Nice choice!",[67,136813,240],{"class":239},[67,136815,144],{"class":81},[67,136817,136818,136820],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,136819,1244],{"class":1167},[67,136821,1223],{"class":81},[67,136823,136824,136826,136828,136830,136833,136835],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,136825,1228],{"class":134},[67,136827,138],{"class":81},[67,136829,240],{"class":239},[67,136831,136832],{"class":243},"Got it.",[67,136834,240],{"class":239},[67,136836,144],{"class":81},[14,136838,136839],{},"Example: simple search",[58,136841,136843],{"className":60,"code":136842,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[17,136844,136845,136858,136862,136883],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,136846,136847,136849,136851,136853,136856],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,136848,89988],{"class":73},[67,136850,78],{"class":77},[67,136852,251],{"class":239},[67,136854,136855],{"class":243},"Python Is Fun",[67,136857,3547],{"class":239},[67,136859,136860],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,136861,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,136863,136864,136866,136868,136870,136872,136874,136877,136879,136881],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,136865,1217],{"class":1167},[67,136867,251],{"class":239},[67,136869,62],{"class":243},[67,136871,240],{"class":239},[67,136873,21362],{"class":77},[67,136875,136876],{"class":73}," message",[67,136878,114],{"class":81},[67,136880,8827],{"class":117},[67,136882,21784],{"class":81},[67,136884,136885,136887,136889,136891,136894,136896],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,136886,1228],{"class":134},[67,136888,138],{"class":81},[67,136890,240],{"class":239},[67,136892,136893],{"class":243},"Found it",[67,136895,240],{"class":239},[67,136897,144],{"class":81},[14,136899,136900,136901,136903,136904,1161],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[17,136902,124066],{}," is often used with ",[45,136905,136907],{"href":136906},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[17,136908,41833],{},[58,136910,136912],{"className":60,"code":136911,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[17,136913,136914,136927,136946,136950],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,136915,136916,136918,136920,136922,136925],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,136917,8065],{"class":73},[67,136919,78],{"class":77},[67,136921,251],{"class":239},[67,136923,136924],{"class":243},"  ALICE  ",[67,136926,3547],{"class":239},[67,136928,136929,136932,136934,136936,136938,136940,136942,136944],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,136930,136931],{"class":73},"clean_name ",[67,136933,78],{"class":77},[67,136935,36175],{"class":73},[67,136937,114],{"class":81},[67,136939,8821],{"class":117},[67,136941,8824],{"class":81},[67,136943,8827],{"class":117},[67,136945,121],{"class":81},[67,136947,136948],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,136949,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,136951,136952,136954,136956,136959,136961],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,136953,135],{"class":134},[67,136955,138],{"class":81},[67,136957,136958],{"class":117},"clean_name",[67,136960,3849],{"class":81},[67,136962,136963],{"class":3852},"  # alice\n",[53,136965,15784],{"id":15783},[14,136967,136968,136969,136972],{},"Strings are ",[3934,136970,136971],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,136974,136975,136976,136978],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[17,136977,124066],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,136980,136981,136982,136984],{},"So this does ",[3934,136983,4820],{}," update the original variable:",[58,136986,136988],{"className":60,"code":136987,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[17,136989,136990,137002,137012,137016],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,136991,136992,136994,136996,136998,137000],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,136993,34873],{"class":73},[67,136995,78],{"class":77},[67,136997,251],{"class":239},[67,136999,136360],{"class":243},[67,137001,3547],{"class":239},[67,137003,137004,137006,137008,137010],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,137005,34894],{"class":73},[67,137007,114],{"class":81},[67,137009,8827],{"class":117},[67,137011,121],{"class":81},[67,137013,137014],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,137015,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,137017,137018,137020,137022,137024,137026],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,137019,135],{"class":134},[67,137021,138],{"class":81},[67,137023,34894],{"class":117},[67,137025,3849],{"class":81},[67,137027,137028],{"class":3852},"  # HELLO\n",[14,137030,137031],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[58,137033,137035],{"className":60,"code":137034,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[17,137036,137037,137049,137063,137067],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,137038,137039,137041,137043,137045,137047],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,137040,34873],{"class":73},[67,137042,78],{"class":77},[67,137044,251],{"class":239},[67,137046,136360],{"class":243},[67,137048,3547],{"class":239},[67,137050,137051,137053,137055,137057,137059,137061],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,137052,34873],{"class":73},[67,137054,78],{"class":77},[67,137056,43021],{"class":73},[67,137058,114],{"class":81},[67,137060,8827],{"class":117},[67,137062,121],{"class":81},[67,137064,137065],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,137066,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,137068,137069,137071,137073,137075,137077],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,137070,135],{"class":134},[67,137072,138],{"class":81},[67,137074,34894],{"class":117},[67,137076,3849],{"class":81},[67,137078,136372],{"class":3852},[53,137080,1907],{"id":1906},[1109,137082,25876],{"id":25875},[14,137084,137085,137086,11279,137088,114],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[17,137087,8827],{},[17,137089,124066],{},[14,137091,16831],{},[58,137093,137095],{"className":60,"code":137094,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[17,137096,137097,137109],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,137098,137099,137101,137103,137105,137107],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,137100,34873],{"class":73},[67,137102,78],{"class":77},[67,137104,251],{"class":239},[67,137106,136360],{"class":243},[67,137108,3547],{"class":239},[67,137110,137111,137113,137115,137117,137119,137121],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,137112,135],{"class":134},[67,137114,138],{"class":81},[67,137116,34894],{"class":117},[67,137118,114],{"class":81},[67,137120,8827],{"class":24938},[67,137122,144],{"class":81},[14,137124,137125],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,137127,16843],{},[58,137129,137131],{"className":60,"code":137130,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[17,137132,137133,137145],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,137134,137135,137137,137139,137141,137143],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,137136,34873],{"class":73},[67,137138,78],{"class":77},[67,137140,251],{"class":239},[67,137142,136360],{"class":243},[67,137144,3547],{"class":239},[67,137146,137147,137149,137151,137153,137155,137157],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,137148,135],{"class":134},[67,137150,138],{"class":81},[67,137152,34894],{"class":117},[67,137154,114],{"class":81},[67,137156,8827],{"class":117},[67,137158,1239],{"class":81},[1109,137160,137162],{"id":137161},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,137164,137165],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,137167,16831],{},[58,137169,137171],{"className":60,"code":137170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[17,137172,137173,137185,137195],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,137174,137175,137177,137179,137181,137183],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,137176,34873],{"class":73},[67,137178,78],{"class":77},[67,137180,251],{"class":239},[67,137182,136360],{"class":243},[67,137184,3547],{"class":239},[67,137186,137187,137189,137191,137193],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,137188,34894],{"class":73},[67,137190,114],{"class":81},[67,137192,8827],{"class":117},[67,137194,121],{"class":81},[67,137196,137197,137199,137201,137203,137205],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,137198,135],{"class":134},[67,137200,138],{"class":81},[67,137202,34894],{"class":117},[67,137204,3849],{"class":81},[67,137206,137207],{"class":3852},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,137209,16843],{},[58,137211,137213],{"className":60,"code":137212,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[17,137214,137215,137227,137241],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,137216,137217,137219,137221,137223,137225],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,137218,34873],{"class":73},[67,137220,78],{"class":77},[67,137222,251],{"class":239},[67,137224,136360],{"class":243},[67,137226,3547],{"class":239},[67,137228,137229,137231,137233,137235,137237,137239],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,137230,34873],{"class":73},[67,137232,78],{"class":77},[67,137234,43021],{"class":73},[67,137236,114],{"class":81},[67,137238,8827],{"class":117},[67,137240,121],{"class":81},[67,137242,137243,137245,137247,137249,137251],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,137244,135],{"class":134},[67,137246,138],{"class":81},[67,137248,34894],{"class":117},[67,137250,3849],{"class":81},[67,137252,136372],{"class":3852},[1109,137254,8604,137256,137258],{"id":137255},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[17,137257,124066],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137260,137261,137263],{},[17,137262,124066],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137265,16831],{},[58,137267,137269],{"className":60,"code":137268,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[17,137270,137271,137279],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,137272,137273,137275,137277],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,137274,2403],{"class":73},[67,137276,78],{"class":77},[67,137278,125018],{"class":85},[67,137280,137281,137283,137285,137287,137289,137291],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,137282,135],{"class":134},[67,137284,138],{"class":81},[67,137286,2426],{"class":117},[67,137288,114],{"class":81},[67,137290,8827],{"class":117},[67,137292,1239],{"class":81},[14,137294,137295,137296,33785],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[17,137297,124066],{},[14,137299,137300],{},"You can check the type first:",[58,137302,137304],{"className":60,"code":137303,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[17,137305,137306,137318,137322,137336],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,137307,137308,137310,137312,137314,137316],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,137309,34873],{"class":73},[67,137311,78],{"class":77},[67,137313,251],{"class":239},[67,137315,136360],{"class":243},[67,137317,3547],{"class":239},[67,137319,137320],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,137321,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,137323,137324,137326,137328,137330,137332,137334],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,137325,135],{"class":134},[67,137327,138],{"class":81},[67,137329,2011],{"class":362},[67,137331,138],{"class":81},[67,137333,34894],{"class":117},[67,137335,1426],{"class":81},[67,137337,137338,137340,137342,137344,137346,137348],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,137339,135],{"class":134},[67,137341,138],{"class":81},[67,137343,34894],{"class":117},[67,137345,114],{"class":81},[67,137347,8827],{"class":117},[67,137349,1239],{"class":81},[1109,137351,137353],{"id":137352},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137355,137356],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[58,137358,137360],{"className":60,"code":137359,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[17,137361,137362,137375,137379,137396,137411,137417],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,137363,137364,137366,137368,137370,137373],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,137365,136579],{"class":73},[67,137367,78],{"class":77},[67,137369,251],{"class":239},[67,137371,137372],{"class":243},"Yes",[67,137374,3547],{"class":239},[67,137376,137377],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,137378,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,137380,137381,137383,137386,137388,137390,137392,137394],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,137382,1217],{"class":1167},[67,137384,137385],{"class":73}," answer ",[67,137387,4878],{"class":77},[67,137389,251],{"class":239},[67,137391,8844],{"class":243},[67,137393,240],{"class":239},[67,137395,1223],{"class":81},[67,137397,137398,137400,137402,137404,137407,137409],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,137399,1228],{"class":134},[67,137401,138],{"class":81},[67,137403,240],{"class":239},[67,137405,137406],{"class":243},"Match",[67,137408,240],{"class":239},[67,137410,144],{"class":81},[67,137412,137413,137415],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,137414,1244],{"class":1167},[67,137416,1223],{"class":81},[67,137418,137419,137421,137423,137425,137428,137430],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,137420,1228],{"class":134},[67,137422,138],{"class":81},[67,137424,240],{"class":239},[67,137426,137427],{"class":243},"No match",[67,137429,240],{"class":239},[67,137431,144],{"class":81},[14,137433,29248,137434,961,137437,137440,137441,114],{},[17,137435,137436],{},"\"Yes\"",[17,137438,137439],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[17,137442,137427],{},[14,137444,137445],{},"Better:",[58,137447,137449],{"className":60,"code":137448,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[17,137450,137451,137463,137467,137489],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,137452,137453,137455,137457,137459,137461],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,137454,136579],{"class":73},[67,137456,78],{"class":77},[67,137458,251],{"class":239},[67,137460,137372],{"class":243},[67,137462,3547],{"class":239},[67,137464,137465],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,137466,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,137468,137469,137471,137473,137475,137477,137479,137481,137483,137485,137487],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,137470,1217],{"class":1167},[67,137472,136599],{"class":73},[67,137474,114],{"class":81},[67,137476,8827],{"class":117},[67,137478,7557],{"class":81},[67,137480,6600],{"class":77},[67,137482,251],{"class":239},[67,137484,8844],{"class":243},[67,137486,240],{"class":239},[67,137488,1223],{"class":81},[67,137490,137491,137493,137495,137497,137499,137501],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,137492,1228],{"class":134},[67,137494,138],{"class":81},[67,137496,240],{"class":239},[67,137498,137406],{"class":243},[67,137500,240],{"class":239},[67,137502,144],{"class":81},[1109,137504,44392,137506,137509],{"id":137505},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[17,137507,137508],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137511,137512,137513,137515],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[17,137514,124066],{}," is enough.",[14,137517,137518,137519,137521,137522,114],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[17,137520,137508],{}," can be stronger than ",[17,137523,124066],{},[14,137525,137526,137527,122578],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[17,137528,124066],{},[53,137530,137532,10773,137534],{"id":137531},"lower-vs-upper",[17,137533,124066],{},[17,137535,128214],{},[14,137537,137538,961,137540,137542],{},[17,137539,124066],{},[17,137541,128214],{}," are very similar.",[25,137544,137545,137550,137555,137558],{},[28,137546,137547,137549],{},[17,137548,124066],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[28,137551,137552,137554],{},[17,137553,128214],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[28,137556,137557],{},"Both return new strings",[28,137559,137560],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137562,222],{},[58,137564,137566],{"className":60,"code":137565,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[17,137567,137568,137580,137584,137600],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,137569,137570,137572,137574,137576,137578],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,137571,34873],{"class":73},[67,137573,78],{"class":77},[67,137575,251],{"class":239},[67,137577,129055],{"class":243},[67,137579,3547],{"class":239},[67,137581,137582],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,137583,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,137585,137586,137588,137590,137592,137594,137596,137598],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,137587,135],{"class":134},[67,137589,138],{"class":81},[67,137591,34894],{"class":117},[67,137593,114],{"class":81},[67,137595,8827],{"class":117},[67,137597,136369],{"class":81},[67,137599,136267],{"class":3852},[67,137601,137602,137604,137606,137608,137610,137612,137614],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,137603,135],{"class":134},[67,137605,138],{"class":81},[67,137607,34894],{"class":117},[67,137609,114],{"class":81},[67,137611,34663],{"class":117},[67,137613,136369],{"class":81},[67,137615,137616],{"class":3852},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137618,137619,137620,114],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[45,137621,126336,137623,946],{"href":137622},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[17,137624,128214],{},[53,137626,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,137628,12894,137630,124663],{"id":137629},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[17,137631,124066],{},[14,137633,137634],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1109,137636,12894,137638,137640],{"id":137637},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[17,137639,124066],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137642,137643,137644,114],{},"No. The method is called as ",[17,137645,137646],{},"string.lower()",[1109,137648,5331,137650,12906],{"id":137649},"what-does-lower-return",[17,137651,124066],{},[14,137653,137654],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1109,137656,28516,137658,137660],{"id":137657},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[17,137659,124066],{}," on user input?",[14,137662,137663,137664,137666],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[17,137665,3148],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1109,137668,5369,137670,961,137672,2681],{"id":137669},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[17,137671,124066],{},[17,137673,137508],{},[14,137675,137676,137678,137679,137681],{},[17,137677,124066],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[17,137680,137508],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[53,137683,2094],{"id":2093},[25,137685,137686,137690,137696,137702,137708,137712,137716,137722],{},[28,137687,137688],{},[45,137689,51154],{"href":51153},[28,137691,137692],{},[45,137693,126336,137694,946],{"href":137622},[17,137695,128214],{},[28,137697,137698],{},[45,137699,126336,137700,946],{"href":136906},[17,137701,41833],{},[28,137703,137704],{},[45,137705,126336,137706,946],{"href":129917},[17,137707,124507],{},[28,137709,137710],{},[45,137711,124735],{"href":123591},[28,137713,137714],{},[45,137715,90664],{"href":89673},[28,137717,137718],{},[45,137719,3764,137720,3697],{"href":8407},[17,137721,3148],{},[28,137723,137724],{},[45,137725,137726],{"href":136307},"What is a string in Python?",[2122,137728,137729],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":137731},[137732,137734,137735,137736,137737,137738,137739,137748,137750,137762],{"id":136277,"depth":103,"text":137733},"What lower() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607},{"id":136726,"depth":103,"text":136727},{"id":15783,"depth":103,"text":15784},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":137740},[137741,137742,137743,137745,137746],{"id":25875,"depth":124,"text":25876},{"id":137161,"depth":124,"text":137162},{"id":137255,"depth":124,"text":137744},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137352,"depth":124,"text":137353},{"id":137505,"depth":124,"text":137747},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137531,"depth":103,"text":137749},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":137751},[137752,137754,137756,137758,137760],{"id":137629,"depth":124,"text":137753},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137637,"depth":124,"text":137755},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137649,"depth":124,"text":137757},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137657,"depth":124,"text":137759},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137669,"depth":124,"text":137761},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136194,"description":137763},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137770,"title":137771,"body":137772,"description":139322,"extension":2153,"meta":139323,"navigation":127,"path":139324,"seo":139325,"stem":139326,"__hash__":139327},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137773,"toc":139283},[137774,137779,137784,137790,137805,137807,137867,137869,137878,137884,137889,137894,137896,137910,137914,137916,137963,137965,137983,137985,137988,138059,138061,138075,138078,138090,138099,138103,138108,138113,138117,138183,138185,138194,138198,138263,138265,138274,138277,138282,138286,138291,138295,138356,138358,138367,138371,138374,138430,138432,138441,138444,138457,138459,138463,138470,138532,138534,138547,138553,138556,138563,138568,138573,138576,138584,138586,138647,138649,138658,138661,138708,138711,138758,138760,138765,138782,138789,138794,138847,138849,138857,138859,138916,138918,138926,138930,138977,138979,138987,138995,138999,139047,139049,139058,139063,139114,139116,139125,139132,139135,139156,139158,139163,139166,139170,139173,139177,139180,139207,139213,139216,139243,139248,139250,139252,139280],[10,137775,123336,137777,11509],{"id":137776},"python-string-replace-method",[17,137778,124507],{},[14,137780,123341,137781,137783],{},[17,137782,124507],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137785,137786,137787,137789],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[17,137788,124507],{},". You will learn:",[25,137791,137792,137796,137799,137802],{},[28,137793,26208,137794,3870],{},[17,137795,124507],{},[28,137797,137798],{},"how its syntax works",[28,137800,137801],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[28,137803,137804],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[53,137806,56],{"id":55},[58,137808,137810],{"className":60,"code":137809,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[17,137811,137812,137825,137857],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,137813,137814,137816,137818,137820,137823],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,137815,34873],{"class":73},[67,137817,78],{"class":77},[67,137819,251],{"class":239},[67,137821,137822],{"class":243},"I like cats",[67,137824,3547],{"class":239},[67,137826,137827,137829,137831,137833,137835,137837,137839,137841,137844,137846,137848,137850,137853,137855],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,137828,130175],{"class":73},[67,137830,78],{"class":77},[67,137832,43021],{"class":73},[67,137834,114],{"class":81},[67,137836,35184],{"class":117},[67,137838,138],{"class":81},[67,137840,240],{"class":239},[67,137842,137843],{"class":243},"cats",[67,137845,240],{"class":239},[67,137847,89],{"class":81},[67,137849,251],{"class":239},[67,137851,137852],{"class":243},"dogs",[67,137854,240],{"class":239},[67,137856,144],{"class":81},[67,137858,137859,137861,137863,137865],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,137860,135],{"class":134},[67,137862,138],{"class":81},[67,137864,130206],{"class":117},[67,137866,144],{"class":81},[14,137868,159],{},[58,137870,137872],{"className":60,"code":137871,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"I like dogs\n",[17,137873,137874],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,137875,137876],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,137877,137871],{"class":73},[14,137879,185,137880,137883],{},[17,137881,137882],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[53,137885,3867,137887,3870],{"id":137886},"what-replace-does",[17,137888,124507],{},[14,137890,137891,137893],{},[17,137892,124507],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137895,13241],{},[25,137897,137898,137900,137902,137905],{},[28,137899,133584],{},[28,137901,136302],{},[28,137903,137904],{},"It works on exact matches",[28,137906,137907,137908],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[17,137909,41439],{},[14,137911,125088,137912,114],{},[45,137913,125091],{"href":51153},[53,137915,5622],{"id":5621},[58,137917,137919],{"className":60,"code":137918,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[17,137920,137921,137941],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,137922,137923,137925,137927,137929,137931,137934,137936,137939],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,137924,61343],{"class":73},[67,137926,114],{"class":81},[67,137928,35184],{"class":117},[67,137930,138],{"class":81},[67,137932,137933],{"class":117},"old",[67,137935,89],{"class":81},[67,137937,137938],{"class":117}," new",[67,137940,144],{"class":81},[67,137942,137943,137945,137947,137949,137951,137953,137955,137957,137959,137961],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,137944,61343],{"class":73},[67,137946,114],{"class":81},[67,137948,35184],{"class":117},[67,137950,138],{"class":81},[67,137952,137933],{"class":117},[67,137954,89],{"class":81},[67,137956,137938],{"class":117},[67,137958,89],{"class":81},[67,137960,49781],{"class":117},[67,137962,144],{"class":81},[1109,137964,17583],{"id":17582},[25,137966,137967,137972,137978],{},[28,137968,137969,137971],{},[17,137970,137933],{}," = the text to find",[28,137973,137974,137977],{},[17,137975,137976],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[28,137979,137980,137982],{},[17,137981,41439],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[53,137984,5979],{"id":5978},[14,137986,137987],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[58,137989,137991],{"className":60,"code":137990,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[17,137992,137993,138005,138035,138039,138049],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,137994,137995,137997,137999,138001,138003],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,137996,34873],{"class":73},[67,137998,78],{"class":77},[67,138000,251],{"class":239},[67,138002,137822],{"class":243},[67,138004,3547],{"class":239},[67,138006,138007,138009,138011,138013,138015,138017,138019,138021,138023,138025,138027,138029,138031,138033],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,138008,130175],{"class":73},[67,138010,78],{"class":77},[67,138012,43021],{"class":73},[67,138014,114],{"class":81},[67,138016,35184],{"class":117},[67,138018,138],{"class":81},[67,138020,240],{"class":239},[67,138022,137843],{"class":243},[67,138024,240],{"class":239},[67,138026,89],{"class":81},[67,138028,251],{"class":239},[67,138030,137852],{"class":243},[67,138032,240],{"class":239},[67,138034,144],{"class":81},[67,138036,138037],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,138038,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,138040,138041,138043,138045,138047],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,138042,135],{"class":134},[67,138044,138],{"class":81},[67,138046,34894],{"class":117},[67,138048,144],{"class":81},[67,138050,138051,138053,138055,138057],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,138052,135],{"class":134},[67,138054,138],{"class":81},[67,138056,130206],{"class":117},[67,138058,144],{"class":81},[14,138060,159],{},[58,138062,138064],{"className":60,"code":138063,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[17,138065,138066,138071],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138067,138068],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138069,138070],{"class":73},"I like cats\n",[67,138072,138073],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,138074,137871],{"class":73},[14,138076,138077],{},"Notice what happened:",[25,138079,138080,138085],{},[28,138081,138082,138084],{},[17,138083,34894],{}," did not change",[28,138086,138087,138089],{},[17,138088,130206],{}," contains the updated value",[14,138091,138092,138093,138095,138096,138098],{},"This happens because strings are ",[3934,138094,136971],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[17,138097,124507],{}," return a new string instead.",[53,138100,138102],{"id":138101},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,138104,89682,138105,138107],{},[17,138106,124507],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,138109,138110,138111,36801],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[17,138112,41439],{},[1109,138114,138116],{"id":138115},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[58,138118,138120],{"className":60,"code":138119,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,138121,138122,138135,138169,138173],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138123,138124,138126,138128,138130,138133],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138125,34873],{"class":73},[67,138127,78],{"class":77},[67,138129,251],{"class":239},[67,138131,138132],{"class":243},"cat cat cat",[67,138134,3547],{"class":239},[67,138136,138137,138139,138141,138143,138145,138147,138149,138151,138153,138155,138157,138159,138161,138163,138165,138167],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,138138,2416],{"class":73},[67,138140,78],{"class":77},[67,138142,43021],{"class":73},[67,138144,114],{"class":81},[67,138146,35184],{"class":117},[67,138148,138],{"class":81},[67,138150,240],{"class":239},[67,138152,37227],{"class":243},[67,138154,240],{"class":239},[67,138156,89],{"class":81},[67,138158,251],{"class":239},[67,138160,58296],{"class":243},[67,138162,240],{"class":239},[67,138164,89],{"class":81},[67,138166,5689],{"class":85},[67,138168,144],{"class":81},[67,138170,138171],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,138172,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,138174,138175,138177,138179,138181],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,138176,135],{"class":134},[67,138178,138],{"class":81},[67,138180,2451],{"class":117},[67,138182,144],{"class":81},[14,138184,159],{},[58,138186,138188],{"className":60,"code":138187,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dog cat cat\n",[17,138189,138190],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138191,138192],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138193,138187],{"class":73},[1109,138195,138197],{"id":138196},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[58,138199,138201],{"className":60,"code":138200,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,138202,138203,138215,138249,138253],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138204,138205,138207,138209,138211,138213],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138206,34873],{"class":73},[67,138208,78],{"class":77},[67,138210,251],{"class":239},[67,138212,138132],{"class":243},[67,138214,3547],{"class":239},[67,138216,138217,138219,138221,138223,138225,138227,138229,138231,138233,138235,138237,138239,138241,138243,138245,138247],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,138218,2416],{"class":73},[67,138220,78],{"class":77},[67,138222,43021],{"class":73},[67,138224,114],{"class":81},[67,138226,35184],{"class":117},[67,138228,138],{"class":81},[67,138230,240],{"class":239},[67,138232,37227],{"class":243},[67,138234,240],{"class":239},[67,138236,89],{"class":81},[67,138238,251],{"class":239},[67,138240,58296],{"class":243},[67,138242,240],{"class":239},[67,138244,89],{"class":81},[67,138246,3182],{"class":85},[67,138248,144],{"class":81},[67,138250,138251],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,138252,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,138254,138255,138257,138259,138261],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,138256,135],{"class":134},[67,138258,138],{"class":81},[67,138260,2451],{"class":117},[67,138262,144],{"class":81},[14,138264,159],{},[58,138266,138268],{"className":60,"code":138267,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"dog dog cat\n",[17,138269,138270],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138271,138272],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138273,138267],{"class":73},[14,138275,138276],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138278,138279,138280,114],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[45,138281,128060],{"href":124504},[53,138283,138285],{"id":138284},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138287,138288,138290],{},[17,138289,124507],{}," can also change single characters.",[1109,138292,138294],{"id":138293},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[58,138296,138298],{"className":60,"code":138297,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,138299,138300,138312,138342,138346],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138301,138302,138304,138306,138308,138310],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138303,34873],{"class":73},[67,138305,78],{"class":77},[67,138307,251],{"class":239},[67,138309,698],{"class":243},[67,138311,3547],{"class":239},[67,138313,138314,138316,138318,138320,138322,138324,138326,138328,138330,138332,138334,138336,138338,138340],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,138315,2416],{"class":73},[67,138317,78],{"class":77},[67,138319,43021],{"class":73},[67,138321,114],{"class":81},[67,138323,35184],{"class":117},[67,138325,138],{"class":81},[67,138327,240],{"class":239},[67,138329,45],{"class":243},[67,138331,240],{"class":239},[67,138333,89],{"class":81},[67,138335,251],{"class":239},[67,138337,60642],{"class":243},[67,138339,240],{"class":239},[67,138341,144],{"class":81},[67,138343,138344],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,138345,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,138347,138348,138350,138352,138354],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,138349,135],{"class":134},[67,138351,138],{"class":81},[67,138353,2451],{"class":117},[67,138355,144],{"class":81},[14,138357,159],{},[58,138359,138361],{"className":60,"code":138360,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"bonono\n",[17,138362,138363],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138364,138365],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138366,138360],{"class":73},[1109,138368,138370],{"id":138369},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138372,138373],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[58,138375,138377],{"className":60,"code":138376,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,138378,138379,138392,138416,138420],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138380,138381,138383,138385,138387,138390],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138382,34873],{"class":73},[67,138384,78],{"class":77},[67,138386,251],{"class":239},[67,138388,138389],{"class":243},"a b c",[67,138391,3547],{"class":239},[67,138393,138394,138396,138398,138400,138402,138404,138406,138408,138410,138412,138414],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,138395,2416],{"class":73},[67,138397,78],{"class":77},[67,138399,43021],{"class":73},[67,138401,114],{"class":81},[67,138403,35184],{"class":117},[67,138405,138],{"class":81},[67,138407,240],{"class":239},[67,138409,251],{"class":239},[67,138411,89],{"class":81},[67,138413,6318],{"class":239},[67,138415,144],{"class":81},[67,138417,138418],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,138419,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,138421,138422,138424,138426,138428],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,138423,135],{"class":134},[67,138425,138],{"class":81},[67,138427,2451],{"class":117},[67,138429,144],{"class":81},[14,138431,159],{},[58,138433,138435],{"className":60,"code":138434,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"abc\n",[17,138436,138437],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138438,138439],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138440,138434],{"class":73},[14,138442,138443],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138445,138446,138447,138451,138452,138456],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[45,138448,126336,138449,946],{"href":129023},[17,138450,60700],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[45,138453,126336,138454,946],{"href":136906},[17,138455,41833],{}," is often a better choice.",[53,138458,123983],{"id":123982},[14,138460,138461,123794],{},[17,138462,124507],{},[14,138464,127381,138465,961,138467,127388],{},[17,138466,113020],{},[17,138468,138469],{},"\"Cat\"",[58,138471,138473],{"className":60,"code":138472,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,138474,138475,138488,138518,138522],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138476,138477,138479,138481,138483,138486],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138478,34873],{"class":73},[67,138480,78],{"class":77},[67,138482,251],{"class":239},[67,138484,138485],{"class":243},"Cat cat CAT",[67,138487,3547],{"class":239},[67,138489,138490,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508,138510,138512,138514,138516],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,138491,2416],{"class":73},[67,138493,78],{"class":77},[67,138495,43021],{"class":73},[67,138497,114],{"class":81},[67,138499,35184],{"class":117},[67,138501,138],{"class":81},[67,138503,240],{"class":239},[67,138505,37227],{"class":243},[67,138507,240],{"class":239},[67,138509,89],{"class":81},[67,138511,251],{"class":239},[67,138513,58296],{"class":243},[67,138515,240],{"class":239},[67,138517,144],{"class":81},[67,138519,138520],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,138521,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,138523,138524,138526,138528,138530],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,138525,135],{"class":134},[67,138527,138],{"class":81},[67,138529,2451],{"class":117},[67,138531,144],{"class":81},[14,138533,159],{},[58,138535,138537],{"className":60,"code":138536,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Cat dog CAT\n",[17,138538,138539],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138540,138541,138544],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138542,138543],{"class":73},"Cat dog ",[67,138545,138546],{"class":34638},"CAT\n",[14,138548,138549,138550,138552],{},"Only the lowercase ",[17,138551,113020],{}," was replaced.",[14,138554,138555],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138557,138558,138559,114],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[45,138560,126336,138561,946],{"href":124063},[17,138562,124066],{},[53,138564,3867,138566,11894],{"id":138565},"what-replace-returns",[17,138567,124507],{},[14,138569,138570,138572],{},[17,138571,124507],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138574,138575],{},"If no match is found:",[25,138577,138578,138581],{},[28,138579,138580],{},"no error happens",[28,138582,138583],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138585,222],{},[58,138587,138589],{"className":60,"code":138588,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,138590,138591,138603,138633,138637],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138592,138593,138595,138597,138599,138601],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138594,34873],{"class":73},[67,138596,78],{"class":77},[67,138598,251],{"class":239},[67,138600,4036],{"class":243},[67,138602,3547],{"class":239},[67,138604,138605,138607,138609,138611,138613,138615,138617,138619,138621,138623,138625,138627,138629,138631],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,138606,2416],{"class":73},[67,138608,78],{"class":77},[67,138610,43021],{"class":73},[67,138612,114],{"class":81},[67,138614,35184],{"class":117},[67,138616,138],{"class":81},[67,138618,240],{"class":239},[67,138620,2361],{"class":243},[67,138622,240],{"class":239},[67,138624,89],{"class":81},[67,138626,251],{"class":239},[67,138628,11934],{"class":243},[67,138630,240],{"class":239},[67,138632,144],{"class":81},[67,138634,138635],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,138636,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,138638,138639,138641,138643,138645],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,138640,135],{"class":134},[67,138642,138],{"class":81},[67,138644,2451],{"class":117},[67,138646,144],{"class":81},[14,138648,159],{},[58,138650,138652],{"className":60,"code":138651,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"hello\n",[17,138653,138654],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138655,138656],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138657,138651],{"class":73},[14,138659,138660],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[58,138662,138664],{"className":60,"code":138663,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[17,138665,138666,138678],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138667,138668,138670,138672,138674,138676],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138669,34873],{"class":73},[67,138671,78],{"class":77},[67,138673,251],{"class":239},[67,138675,60575],{"class":243},[67,138677,3547],{"class":239},[67,138679,138680,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692,138694,138696,138698,138700,138702,138704,138706],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,138681,130175],{"class":73},[67,138683,78],{"class":77},[67,138685,43021],{"class":73},[67,138687,114],{"class":81},[67,138689,35184],{"class":117},[67,138691,138],{"class":81},[67,138693,240],{"class":239},[67,138695,60760],{"class":243},[67,138697,240],{"class":239},[67,138699,89],{"class":81},[67,138701,251],{"class":239},[67,138703,7488],{"class":243},[67,138705,240],{"class":239},[67,138707,144],{"class":81},[14,138709,138710],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[58,138712,138714],{"className":60,"code":138713,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[17,138715,138716,138728],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138717,138718,138720,138722,138724,138726],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138719,34873],{"class":73},[67,138721,78],{"class":77},[67,138723,251],{"class":239},[67,138725,60575],{"class":243},[67,138727,3547],{"class":239},[67,138729,138730,138732,138734,138736,138738,138740,138742,138744,138746,138748,138750,138752,138754,138756],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,138731,34873],{"class":73},[67,138733,78],{"class":77},[67,138735,43021],{"class":73},[67,138737,114],{"class":81},[67,138739,35184],{"class":117},[67,138741,138],{"class":81},[67,138743,240],{"class":239},[67,138745,60760],{"class":243},[67,138747,240],{"class":239},[67,138749,89],{"class":81},[67,138751,251],{"class":239},[67,138753,7488],{"class":243},[67,138755,240],{"class":239},[67,138757,144],{"class":81},[53,138759,4707],{"id":4706},[14,138761,138762,138763,1161],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[17,138764,124507],{},[25,138766,138767,138770,138774,138777],{},[28,138768,138769],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[28,138771,1930,138772,131556],{},[17,138773,124507],{},[28,138775,138776],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[28,138778,1923,138779,138781],{},[17,138780,124507],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1109,138783,138785,138786,138788],{"id":138784},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[17,138787,124507],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138790,138791,138792,1161],{},"This does not update ",[17,138793,34894],{},[58,138795,138797],{"className":60,"code":138796,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,138798,138799,138811,138837],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138800,138801,138803,138805,138807,138809],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138802,34873],{"class":73},[67,138804,78],{"class":77},[67,138806,251],{"class":239},[67,138808,137822],{"class":243},[67,138810,3547],{"class":239},[67,138812,138813,138815,138817,138819,138821,138823,138825,138827,138829,138831,138833,138835],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,138814,34894],{"class":73},[67,138816,114],{"class":81},[67,138818,35184],{"class":117},[67,138820,138],{"class":81},[67,138822,240],{"class":239},[67,138824,137843],{"class":243},[67,138826,240],{"class":239},[67,138828,89],{"class":81},[67,138830,251],{"class":239},[67,138832,137852],{"class":243},[67,138834,240],{"class":239},[67,138836,144],{"class":81},[67,138838,138839,138841,138843,138845],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,138840,135],{"class":134},[67,138842,138],{"class":81},[67,138844,34894],{"class":117},[67,138846,144],{"class":81},[14,138848,159],{},[58,138850,138851],{"className":60,"code":138070,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,138852,138853],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138854,138855],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138856,138070],{"class":73},[14,138858,10994],{},[58,138860,138862],{"className":60,"code":138861,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,138863,138864,138876,138906],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138865,138866,138868,138870,138872,138874],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138867,34873],{"class":73},[67,138869,78],{"class":77},[67,138871,251],{"class":239},[67,138873,137822],{"class":243},[67,138875,3547],{"class":239},[67,138877,138878,138880,138882,138884,138886,138888,138890,138892,138894,138896,138898,138900,138902,138904],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,138879,34873],{"class":73},[67,138881,78],{"class":77},[67,138883,43021],{"class":73},[67,138885,114],{"class":81},[67,138887,35184],{"class":117},[67,138889,138],{"class":81},[67,138891,240],{"class":239},[67,138893,137843],{"class":243},[67,138895,240],{"class":239},[67,138897,89],{"class":81},[67,138899,251],{"class":239},[67,138901,137852],{"class":243},[67,138903,240],{"class":239},[67,138905,144],{"class":81},[67,138907,138908,138910,138912,138914],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,138909,135],{"class":134},[67,138911,138],{"class":81},[67,138913,34894],{"class":117},[67,138915,144],{"class":81},[14,138917,159],{},[58,138919,138920],{"className":60,"code":137871,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,138921,138922],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138923,138924],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138925,137871],{"class":73},[1109,138927,138929],{"id":138928},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[58,138931,138933],{"className":60,"code":138932,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[17,138934,138935,138947],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138936,138937,138939,138941,138943,138945],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138938,34873],{"class":73},[67,138940,78],{"class":77},[67,138942,251],{"class":239},[67,138944,35052],{"class":243},[67,138946,3547],{"class":239},[67,138948,138949,138951,138953,138955,138957,138959,138961,138963,138965,138967,138969,138971,138973,138975],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,138950,135],{"class":134},[67,138952,138],{"class":81},[67,138954,34894],{"class":117},[67,138956,114],{"class":81},[67,138958,35184],{"class":117},[67,138960,138],{"class":81},[67,138962,240],{"class":239},[67,138964,4036],{"class":243},[67,138966,240],{"class":239},[67,138968,89],{"class":81},[67,138970,251],{"class":239},[67,138972,89917],{"class":243},[67,138974,240],{"class":239},[67,138976,1426],{"class":81},[14,138978,159],{},[58,138980,138981],{"className":60,"code":88930,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,138982,138983],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,138984,138985],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,138986,88930],{"class":73},[14,138988,138989,138990,961,138992,138994],{},"Nothing changed because ",[17,138991,64703],{},[17,138993,90399],{}," are not the same.",[1109,138996,138998],{"id":138997},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[58,139000,139002],{"className":60,"code":139001,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[17,139003,139004,139017],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139005,139006,139008,139010,139012,139015],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139007,34873],{"class":73},[67,139009,78],{"class":77},[67,139011,251],{"class":239},[67,139013,139014],{"class":243},"red red red",[67,139016,3547],{"class":239},[67,139018,139019,139021,139023,139025,139027,139029,139031,139033,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,139020,135],{"class":134},[67,139022,138],{"class":81},[67,139024,34894],{"class":117},[67,139026,114],{"class":81},[67,139028,35184],{"class":117},[67,139030,138],{"class":81},[67,139032,240],{"class":239},[67,139034,244],{"class":243},[67,139036,240],{"class":239},[67,139038,89],{"class":81},[67,139040,251],{"class":239},[67,139042,263],{"class":243},[67,139044,240],{"class":239},[67,139046,1426],{"class":81},[14,139048,159],{},[58,139050,139052],{"className":60,"code":139051,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"blue blue blue\n",[17,139053,139054],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139055,139056],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139057,139051],{"class":73},[14,139059,139060,139061,1161],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[17,139062,41439],{},[58,139064,139066],{"className":60,"code":139065,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[17,139067,139068,139080],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139069,139070,139072,139074,139076,139078],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139071,34873],{"class":73},[67,139073,78],{"class":77},[67,139075,251],{"class":239},[67,139077,139014],{"class":243},[67,139079,3547],{"class":239},[67,139081,139082,139084,139086,139088,139090,139092,139094,139096,139098,139100,139102,139104,139106,139108,139110,139112],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,139083,135],{"class":134},[67,139085,138],{"class":81},[67,139087,34894],{"class":117},[67,139089,114],{"class":81},[67,139091,35184],{"class":117},[67,139093,138],{"class":81},[67,139095,240],{"class":239},[67,139097,244],{"class":243},[67,139099,240],{"class":239},[67,139101,89],{"class":81},[67,139103,251],{"class":239},[67,139105,263],{"class":243},[67,139107,240],{"class":239},[67,139109,89],{"class":81},[67,139111,5689],{"class":85},[67,139113,1426],{"class":81},[14,139115,159],{},[58,139117,139119],{"className":60,"code":139118,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"blue red red\n",[17,139120,139121],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139122,139123],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139124,139118],{"class":73},[1109,139126,139128,139129,139131],{"id":139127},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[17,139130,124507],{}," for the wrong task",[14,139133,139134],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[25,139136,139137,139144,139151],{},[28,139138,185,139139,139143],{},[45,139140,139141],{"href":129023},[17,139142,60700],{}," to break a string into a list",[28,139145,185,139146,139150],{},[45,139147,139148],{"href":136906},[17,139149,41833],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[28,139152,185,139153,139155],{},[17,139154,124507],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[53,139157,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,139159,12894,139161,124663],{"id":139160},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[17,139162,124507],{},[14,139164,139165],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1109,139167,139169],{"id":139168},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,139171,139172],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1109,139174,139176],{"id":139175},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,139178,139179],{},"Use the third argument:",[58,139181,139183],{"className":60,"code":139182,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[17,139184,139185],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139186,139187,139189,139191,139193,139195,139197,139199,139201,139203,139205],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139188,34894],{"class":73},[67,139190,114],{"class":81},[67,139192,35184],{"class":117},[67,139194,138],{"class":81},[67,139196,137933],{"class":117},[67,139198,89],{"class":81},[67,139200,137938],{"class":117},[67,139202,89],{"class":81},[67,139204,5689],{"class":85},[67,139206,144],{"class":81},[1109,139208,5359,139210,139212],{"id":139209},"can-replace-remove-text",[17,139211,124507],{}," remove text?",[14,139214,139215],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[58,139217,139219],{"className":60,"code":139218,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[17,139220,139221],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139222,139223,139225,139227,139229,139231,139233,139235,139237,139239,139241],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139224,34894],{"class":73},[67,139226,114],{"class":81},[67,139228,35184],{"class":117},[67,139230,138],{"class":81},[67,139232,240],{"class":239},[67,139234,2361],{"class":243},[67,139236,240],{"class":239},[67,139238,89],{"class":81},[67,139240,6318],{"class":239},[67,139242,144],{"class":81},[1109,139244,15090,139246,124672],{"id":139245},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[17,139247,124507],{},[14,139249,129865],{},[53,139251,2094],{"id":2093},[25,139253,139254,139258,139264,139270,139276],{},[28,139255,139256],{},[45,139257,124742],{"href":124504},[28,139259,139260],{},[45,139261,126336,139262,946],{"href":129023},[17,139263,60700],{},[28,139265,139266],{},[45,139267,126336,139268,946],{"href":136906},[17,139269,41833],{},[28,139271,139272],{},[45,139273,126336,139274,946],{"href":124063},[17,139275,124066],{},[28,139277,139278],{},[45,139279,125091],{"href":51153},[2122,139281,139282],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":139284},[139285,139286,139288,139291,139292,139296,139300,139301,139303,139311,139321],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":137886,"depth":103,"text":139287},"What replace() does",{"id":5621,"depth":103,"text":5622,"children":139289},[139290],{"id":17582,"depth":124,"text":17583},{"id":5978,"depth":103,"text":5979},{"id":138101,"depth":103,"text":138102,"children":139293},[139294,139295],{"id":138115,"depth":124,"text":138116},{"id":138196,"depth":124,"text":138197},{"id":138284,"depth":103,"text":138285,"children":139297},[139298,139299],{"id":138293,"depth":124,"text":138294},{"id":138369,"depth":124,"text":138370},{"id":123982,"depth":103,"text":123983},{"id":138565,"depth":103,"text":139302},"What replace() returns",{"id":4706,"depth":103,"text":4707,"children":139304},[139305,139307,139308,139309],{"id":138784,"depth":124,"text":139306},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138928,"depth":124,"text":138929},{"id":138997,"depth":124,"text":138998},{"id":139127,"depth":124,"text":139310},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":139312},[139313,139315,139316,139317,139319],{"id":139160,"depth":124,"text":139314},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139168,"depth":124,"text":139169},{"id":139175,"depth":124,"text":139176},{"id":139209,"depth":124,"text":139318},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139245,"depth":124,"text":139320},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137771,"description":139322},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139329,"title":139330,"body":139331,"description":141350,"extension":2153,"meta":141351,"navigation":127,"path":141352,"seo":141353,"stem":141354,"__hash__":141355},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139332,"toc":141314},[139333,139338,139343,139346,139357,139359,139414,139419,139424,139431,139433,139448,139450,139506,139508,139546,139551,139553,139577,139580,139593,139598,139600,139632,139634,139667,139673,139678,139681,139691,139694,139696,139752,139754,139804,139807,139815,139818,139874,139876,139949,139962,139970,139974,139985,139988,139991,140044,140046,140078,140081,140135,140137,140172,140175,140180,140185,140190,140193,140195,140253,140255,140289,140291,140306,140309,140311,140353,140355,140381,140386,140394,140397,140399,140481,140483,140534,140537,140548,140556,140558,140631,140633,140651,140655,140658,140662,140689,140691,140699,140703,140738,140740,140753,140757,140760,140799,140801,140818,140823,140828,140839,140842,140853,140855,140857,140883,140886,140935,140937,140954,140957,140959,141011,141013,141045,141048,141106,141111,141113,141118,141221,141223,141237,141239,141246,141251,141256,141261,141266,141271,141274,141278,141283,141285,141311],[10,139334,123336,139336,11509],{"id":139335},"python-string-split-method",[17,139337,60700],{},[14,139339,123341,139340,139342],{},[17,139341,60700],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139344,139345],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[25,139347,139348,139351,139354],{},[28,139349,139350],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[28,139352,139353],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[28,139355,139356],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[53,139358,56],{"id":55},[58,139360,139362],{"className":60,"code":139361,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[17,139363,139364,139377,139399,139409],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139365,139366,139368,139370,139372,139375],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139367,34873],{"class":73},[67,139369,78],{"class":77},[67,139371,251],{"class":239},[67,139373,139374],{"class":243},"apple,banana,cherry",[67,139376,3547],{"class":239},[67,139378,139379,139381,139383,139385,139387,139389,139391,139393,139395,139397],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,139380,43016],{"class":73},[67,139382,78],{"class":77},[67,139384,43021],{"class":73},[67,139386,114],{"class":81},[67,139388,34654],{"class":117},[67,139390,138],{"class":81},[67,139392,240],{"class":239},[67,139394,89],{"class":243},[67,139396,240],{"class":239},[67,139398,144],{"class":81},[67,139400,139401,139403,139405,139407],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,139402,135],{"class":134},[67,139404,138],{"class":81},[67,139406,43048],{"class":117},[67,139408,144],{"class":81},[67,139410,139411],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,139412,139413],{"class":3852},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139415,185,139416,139418],{},[17,139417,60700],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[53,139420,3867,139422,3870],{"id":139421},"what-split-does",[17,139423,60700],{},[14,139425,139426,132384,139428,114],{},[17,139427,60700],{},[3934,139429,139430],{},"string method",[14,139432,49106],{},[25,139434,139435,139438,139443],{},[28,139436,139437],{},"divides a string into parts",[28,139439,119638,139440],{},[3934,139441,139442],{},"new list of strings",[28,139444,119644,139445,139447],{},[3934,139446,4820],{}," change the original string",[14,139449,222],{},[58,139451,139453],{"className":60,"code":139452,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[17,139454,139455,139468,139482,139486,139496],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139456,139457,139459,139461,139463,139466],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139458,34873],{"class":73},[67,139460,78],{"class":77},[67,139462,251],{"class":239},[67,139464,139465],{"class":243},"red blue green",[67,139467,3547],{"class":239},[67,139469,139470,139472,139474,139476,139478,139480],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,139471,43016],{"class":73},[67,139473,78],{"class":77},[67,139475,43021],{"class":73},[67,139477,114],{"class":81},[67,139479,34654],{"class":117},[67,139481,121],{"class":81},[67,139483,139484],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,139485,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,139487,139488,139490,139492,139494],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,139489,135],{"class":134},[67,139491,138],{"class":81},[67,139493,34894],{"class":117},[67,139495,144],{"class":81},[67,139497,139498,139500,139502,139504],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,139499,135],{"class":134},[67,139501,138],{"class":81},[67,139503,43048],{"class":117},[67,139505,144],{"class":81},[14,139507,159],{},[58,139509,139511],{"className":60,"code":139510,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[17,139512,139513,139518],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139514,139515],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139516,139517],{"class":73},"red blue green\n",[67,139519,139520,139522,139524,139526,139528,139530,139532,139534,139536,139538,139540,139542,139544],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,139521,174],{"class":81},[67,139523,333],{"class":239},[67,139525,244],{"class":243},[67,139527,333],{"class":239},[67,139529,89],{"class":81},[67,139531,342],{"class":239},[67,139533,263],{"class":243},[67,139535,333],{"class":239},[67,139537,89],{"class":81},[67,139539,342],{"class":239},[67,139541,254],{"class":243},[67,139543,333],{"class":239},[67,139545,100],{"class":81},[14,139547,139548,139549,114],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[45,139550,125091],{"href":51153},[53,139552,352],{"id":351},[58,139554,139556],{"className":60,"code":139555,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[17,139557,139558],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139559,139560,139562,139564,139566,139568,139570,139572,139575],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139561,61343],{"class":73},[67,139563,114],{"class":81},[67,139565,34654],{"class":117},[67,139567,138],{"class":81},[67,139569,133740],{"class":117},[67,139571,89],{"class":81},[67,139573,139574],{"class":117}," maxsplit",[67,139576,144],{"class":81},[14,139578,139579],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[25,139581,139582,139587],{},[28,139583,139584,139586],{},[17,139585,133740],{}," tells Python where to split",[28,139588,139589,139592],{},[17,139590,139591],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139594,9061,139595,139597],{},[17,139596,133740],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139599,222],{},[58,139601,139603],{"className":60,"code":139602,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[17,139604,139605,139618],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139606,139607,139609,139611,139613,139616],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139608,34873],{"class":73},[67,139610,78],{"class":77},[67,139612,251],{"class":239},[67,139614,139615],{"class":243},"one two three",[67,139617,3547],{"class":239},[67,139619,139620,139622,139624,139626,139628,139630],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,139621,135],{"class":134},[67,139623,138],{"class":81},[67,139625,34894],{"class":117},[67,139627,114],{"class":81},[67,139629,34654],{"class":117},[67,139631,1239],{"class":81},[14,139633,159],{},[58,139635,139637],{"className":60,"code":139636,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[17,139638,139639],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139640,139641,139643,139645,139647,139649,139651,139653,139655,139657,139659,139661,139663,139665],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139642,174],{"class":81},[67,139644,333],{"class":239},[67,139646,6777],{"class":243},[67,139648,333],{"class":239},[67,139650,89],{"class":81},[67,139652,342],{"class":239},[67,139654,79252],{"class":243},[67,139656,333],{"class":239},[67,139658,89],{"class":81},[67,139660,342],{"class":239},[67,139662,134222],{"class":243},[67,139664,333],{"class":239},[67,139666,100],{"class":81},[53,139668,8604,139670,139672],{"id":139669},"using-split-with-no-separator",[17,139671,60700],{}," with no separator",[14,139674,538,139675,139677],{},[17,139676,60700],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139679,139680],{},"Whitespace includes:",[25,139682,139683,139685,139688],{},[28,139684,10639],{},[28,139686,139687],{},"tabs",[28,139689,139690],{},"new lines",[14,139692,139693],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139695,222],{},[58,139697,139699],{"className":60,"code":139698,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[17,139700,139701,139724,139738,139742],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139702,139703,139705,139707,139709,139712,139715,139717,139719,139722],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139704,34873],{"class":73},[67,139706,78],{"class":77},[67,139708,251],{"class":239},[67,139710,139711],{"class":243},"Python   is",[67,139713,139714],{"class":34638},"\\t",[67,139716,133476],{"class":243},[67,139718,87134],{"class":34638},[67,139720,139721],{"class":243},"and useful",[67,139723,3547],{"class":239},[67,139725,139726,139728,139730,139732,139734,139736],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,139727,43016],{"class":73},[67,139729,78],{"class":77},[67,139731,43021],{"class":73},[67,139733,114],{"class":81},[67,139735,34654],{"class":117},[67,139737,121],{"class":81},[67,139739,139740],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,139741,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,139743,139744,139746,139748,139750],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,139745,135],{"class":134},[67,139747,138],{"class":81},[67,139749,43048],{"class":117},[67,139751,144],{"class":81},[14,139753,159],{},[58,139755,139757],{"className":60,"code":139756,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[17,139758,139759],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139760,139761,139763,139765,139767,139769,139771,139773,139775,139777,139779,139781,139783,139785,139787,139789,139791,139793,139795,139797,139800,139802],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139762,174],{"class":81},[67,139764,333],{"class":239},[67,139766,7488],{"class":243},[67,139768,333],{"class":239},[67,139770,89],{"class":81},[67,139772,342],{"class":239},[67,139774,12383],{"class":243},[67,139776,333],{"class":239},[67,139778,89],{"class":81},[67,139780,342],{"class":239},[67,139782,133476],{"class":243},[67,139784,333],{"class":239},[67,139786,89],{"class":81},[67,139788,342],{"class":239},[67,139790,130101],{"class":243},[67,139792,333],{"class":239},[67,139794,89],{"class":81},[67,139796,342],{"class":239},[67,139798,139799],{"class":243},"useful",[67,139801,333],{"class":239},[67,139803,100],{"class":81},[14,139805,139806],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1109,139808,139810,10773,139812],{"id":139809},"split-vs-split",[17,139811,60700],{},[17,139813,139814],{},"split(' ')",[14,139816,139817],{},"These are not the same.",[58,139819,139821],{"className":60,"code":139820,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[17,139822,139823,139836,139840,139854],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139824,139825,139827,139829,139831,139834],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139826,34873],{"class":73},[67,139828,78],{"class":77},[67,139830,251],{"class":239},[67,139832,139833],{"class":243},"a  b   c",[67,139835,3547],{"class":239},[67,139837,139838],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,139839,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,139841,139842,139844,139846,139848,139850,139852],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,139843,135],{"class":134},[67,139845,138],{"class":81},[67,139847,34894],{"class":117},[67,139849,114],{"class":81},[67,139851,34654],{"class":117},[67,139853,1239],{"class":81},[67,139855,139856,139858,139860,139862,139864,139866,139868,139870,139872],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,139857,135],{"class":134},[67,139859,138],{"class":81},[67,139861,34894],{"class":117},[67,139863,114],{"class":81},[67,139865,34654],{"class":117},[67,139867,138],{"class":81},[67,139869,240],{"class":239},[67,139871,251],{"class":239},[67,139873,1426],{"class":81},[14,139875,159],{},[58,139877,139879],{"className":60,"code":139878,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[17,139880,139881,139909],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139882,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891,139893,139895,139897,139899,139901,139903,139905,139907],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139884,174],{"class":81},[67,139886,333],{"class":239},[67,139888,45],{"class":243},[67,139890,333],{"class":239},[67,139892,89],{"class":81},[67,139894,342],{"class":239},[67,139896,428],{"class":243},[67,139898,333],{"class":239},[67,139900,89],{"class":81},[67,139902,342],{"class":239},[67,139904,437],{"class":243},[67,139906,333],{"class":239},[67,139908,100],{"class":81},[67,139910,139911,139913,139915,139917,139919,139921,139923,139925,139927,139929,139931,139933,139935,139937,139939,139941,139943,139945,139947],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,139912,174],{"class":81},[67,139914,333],{"class":239},[67,139916,45],{"class":243},[67,139918,333],{"class":239},[67,139920,89],{"class":81},[67,139922,4029],{"class":239},[67,139924,89],{"class":81},[67,139926,342],{"class":239},[67,139928,428],{"class":243},[67,139930,333],{"class":239},[67,139932,89],{"class":81},[67,139934,4029],{"class":239},[67,139936,89],{"class":81},[67,139938,4029],{"class":239},[67,139940,89],{"class":81},[67,139942,342],{"class":239},[67,139944,437],{"class":243},[67,139946,333],{"class":239},[67,139948,100],{"class":81},[25,139950,139951,139956],{},[28,139952,139953,139955],{},[17,139954,60700],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[28,139957,139958,139961],{},[17,139959,139960],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,139963,139964,139965,139969],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[45,139966,126336,139967,946],{"href":136906},[17,139968,41833],{}," is often useful.",[53,139971,139973],{"id":139972},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,139975,139976,139977,1550,139980,1553,139982,114],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[17,139978,139979],{},"\",\"",[17,139981,133575],{},[17,139983,139984],{},"\"::\"",[14,139986,139987],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,139989,139990],{},"Example with commas:",[58,139992,139994],{"className":60,"code":139993,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[17,139995,139996,140008,140030,140034],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,139997,139998,140000,140002,140004,140006],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,139999,34873],{"class":73},[67,140001,78],{"class":77},[67,140003,251],{"class":239},[67,140005,139374],{"class":243},[67,140007,3547],{"class":239},[67,140009,140010,140012,140014,140016,140018,140020,140022,140024,140026,140028],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,140011,43016],{"class":73},[67,140013,78],{"class":77},[67,140015,43021],{"class":73},[67,140017,114],{"class":81},[67,140019,34654],{"class":117},[67,140021,138],{"class":81},[67,140023,240],{"class":239},[67,140025,89],{"class":243},[67,140027,240],{"class":239},[67,140029,144],{"class":81},[67,140031,140032],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,140033,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,140035,140036,140038,140040,140042],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,140037,135],{"class":134},[67,140039,138],{"class":81},[67,140041,43048],{"class":117},[67,140043,144],{"class":81},[14,140045,159],{},[58,140047,140048],{"className":60,"code":78431,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,140049,140050],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140051,140052,140054,140056,140058,140060,140062,140064,140066,140068,140070,140072,140074,140076],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140053,174],{"class":81},[67,140055,333],{"class":239},[67,140057,689],{"class":243},[67,140059,333],{"class":239},[67,140061,89],{"class":81},[67,140063,342],{"class":239},[67,140065,698],{"class":243},[67,140067,333],{"class":239},[67,140069,89],{"class":81},[67,140071,342],{"class":239},[67,140073,707],{"class":243},[67,140075,333],{"class":239},[67,140077,100],{"class":81},[14,140079,140080],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[58,140082,140084],{"className":60,"code":140083,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[17,140085,140086,140099,140121,140125],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140087,140088,140090,140092,140094,140097],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140089,34873],{"class":73},[67,140091,78],{"class":77},[67,140093,251],{"class":239},[67,140095,140096],{"class":243},"2024::10::31",[67,140098,3547],{"class":239},[67,140100,140101,140103,140105,140107,140109,140111,140113,140115,140117,140119],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,140102,43016],{"class":73},[67,140104,78],{"class":77},[67,140106,43021],{"class":73},[67,140108,114],{"class":81},[67,140110,34654],{"class":117},[67,140112,138],{"class":81},[67,140114,240],{"class":239},[67,140116,76648],{"class":243},[67,140118,240],{"class":239},[67,140120,144],{"class":81},[67,140122,140123],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,140124,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,140126,140127,140129,140131,140133],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,140128,135],{"class":134},[67,140130,138],{"class":81},[67,140132,43048],{"class":117},[67,140134,144],{"class":81},[14,140136,159],{},[58,140138,140140],{"className":60,"code":140139,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[17,140141,140142],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140143,140144,140146,140148,140151,140153,140155,140157,140159,140161,140163,140165,140168,140170],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140145,174],{"class":81},[67,140147,333],{"class":239},[67,140149,140150],{"class":243},"2024",[67,140152,333],{"class":239},[67,140154,89],{"class":81},[67,140156,342],{"class":239},[67,140158,86],{"class":243},[67,140160,333],{"class":239},[67,140162,89],{"class":81},[67,140164,342],{"class":239},[67,140166,140167],{"class":243},"31",[67,140169,333],{"class":239},[67,140171,100],{"class":81},[14,140173,140174],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,140176,140177,140178,114],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[45,140179,129020],{"href":129019},[53,140181,8604,140183],{"id":140182},"using-maxsplit",[17,140184,139591],{},[14,140186,140187,140189],{},[17,140188,139591],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,140191,140192],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,140194,222],{},[58,140196,140198],{"className":60,"code":140197,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[17,140199,140200,140213,140239,140243],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140201,140202,140204,140206,140208,140211],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140203,34873],{"class":73},[67,140205,78],{"class":77},[67,140207,251],{"class":239},[67,140209,140210],{"class":243},"name:age:city:country",[67,140212,3547],{"class":239},[67,140214,140215,140217,140219,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233,140235,140237],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,140216,43016],{"class":73},[67,140218,78],{"class":77},[67,140220,43021],{"class":73},[67,140222,114],{"class":81},[67,140224,34654],{"class":117},[67,140226,138],{"class":81},[67,140228,240],{"class":239},[67,140230,1161],{"class":243},[67,140232,240],{"class":239},[67,140234,89],{"class":81},[67,140236,3182],{"class":85},[67,140238,144],{"class":81},[67,140240,140241],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,140242,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,140244,140245,140247,140249,140251],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,140246,135],{"class":134},[67,140248,138],{"class":81},[67,140250,43048],{"class":117},[67,140252,144],{"class":81},[14,140254,159],{},[58,140256,140258],{"className":60,"code":140257,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[17,140259,140260],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140261,140262,140264,140266,140268,140270,140272,140274,140276,140278,140280,140282,140285,140287],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140263,174],{"class":81},[67,140265,333],{"class":239},[67,140267,7860],{"class":243},[67,140269,333],{"class":239},[67,140271,89],{"class":81},[67,140273,342],{"class":239},[67,140275,9486],{"class":243},[67,140277,333],{"class":239},[67,140279,89],{"class":81},[67,140281,342],{"class":239},[67,140283,140284],{"class":243},"city:country",[67,140286,333],{"class":239},[67,140288,100],{"class":81},[14,140290,2366],{},[25,140292,140293,140298,140303],{},[28,140294,140295,140296],{},"Python splits at the first ",[17,140297,1161],{},[28,140299,140300,140301],{},"then splits at the second ",[17,140302,1161],{},[28,140304,140305],{},"then stops",[14,140307,140308],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140310,52257],{},[58,140312,140314],{"className":60,"code":140313,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[17,140315,140316,140329],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140317,140318,140320,140322,140324,140327],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140319,34873],{"class":73},[67,140321,78],{"class":77},[67,140323,251],{"class":239},[67,140325,140326],{"class":243},"apple banana cherry grape",[67,140328,3547],{"class":239},[67,140330,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349,140351],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,140332,135],{"class":134},[67,140334,138],{"class":81},[67,140336,34894],{"class":117},[67,140338,114],{"class":81},[67,140340,34654],{"class":117},[67,140342,138],{"class":81},[67,140344,240],{"class":239},[67,140346,251],{"class":239},[67,140348,89],{"class":81},[67,140350,5689],{"class":85},[67,140352,1426],{"class":81},[14,140354,159],{},[58,140356,140358],{"className":60,"code":140357,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[17,140359,140360],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140361,140362,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372,140374,140377,140379],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140363,174],{"class":81},[67,140365,333],{"class":239},[67,140367,689],{"class":243},[67,140369,333],{"class":239},[67,140371,89],{"class":81},[67,140373,342],{"class":239},[67,140375,140376],{"class":243},"banana cherry grape",[67,140378,333],{"class":239},[67,140380,100],{"class":81},[53,140382,3867,140384,11894],{"id":140383},"what-split-returns",[17,140385,60700],{},[14,140387,140388,140389,140391,140392,114],{},"The result of ",[17,140390,60700],{}," is always a ",[3934,140393,363],{},[14,140395,140396],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140398,222],{},[58,140400,140402],{"className":60,"code":140401,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[17,140403,140404,140417,140439,140443,140453,140467],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140405,140406,140408,140410,140412,140415],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140407,34873],{"class":73},[67,140409,78],{"class":77},[67,140411,251],{"class":239},[67,140413,140414],{"class":243},"cat,dog,bird",[67,140416,3547],{"class":239},[67,140418,140419,140421,140423,140425,140427,140429,140431,140433,140435,140437],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,140420,43016],{"class":73},[67,140422,78],{"class":77},[67,140424,43021],{"class":73},[67,140426,114],{"class":81},[67,140428,34654],{"class":117},[67,140430,138],{"class":81},[67,140432,240],{"class":239},[67,140434,89],{"class":243},[67,140436,240],{"class":239},[67,140438,144],{"class":81},[67,140440,140441],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,140442,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,140444,140445,140447,140449,140451],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,140446,135],{"class":134},[67,140448,138],{"class":81},[67,140450,43048],{"class":117},[67,140452,144],{"class":81},[67,140454,140455,140457,140459,140461,140463,140465],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,140456,135],{"class":134},[67,140458,138],{"class":81},[67,140460,2011],{"class":362},[67,140462,138],{"class":81},[67,140464,43048],{"class":117},[67,140466,1426],{"class":81},[67,140468,140469,140471,140473,140475,140477,140479],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,140470,135],{"class":134},[67,140472,138],{"class":81},[67,140474,43048],{"class":117},[67,140476,174],{"class":81},[67,140478,1031],{"class":85},[67,140480,376],{"class":81},[14,140482,159],{},[58,140484,140486],{"className":60,"code":140485,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[17,140487,140488,140516,140530],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140489,140490,140492,140494,140496,140498,140500,140502,140504,140506,140508,140510,140512,140514],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140491,174],{"class":81},[67,140493,333],{"class":239},[67,140495,37227],{"class":243},[67,140497,333],{"class":239},[67,140499,89],{"class":81},[67,140501,342],{"class":239},[67,140503,58296],{"class":243},[67,140505,333],{"class":239},[67,140507,89],{"class":81},[67,140509,342],{"class":239},[67,140511,58313],{"class":243},[67,140513,333],{"class":239},[67,140515,100],{"class":81},[67,140517,140518,140520,140522,140524,140526,140528],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,140519,1397],{"class":77},[67,140521,3482],{"class":2254},[67,140523,342],{"class":239},[67,140525,363],{"class":243},[67,140527,333],{"class":239},[67,140529,3491],{"class":77},[67,140531,140532],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,140533,85450],{"class":73},[14,140535,140536],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[25,140538,140539,140542,140545],{},[28,140540,140541],{},"loop over it",[28,140543,140544],{},"access items by index",[28,140546,140547],{},"combine items again later",[14,140549,140550,140551,114],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[45,140552,126336,140554,946],{"href":140553},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[17,140555,133418],{},[14,140557,222],{},[58,140559,140561],{"className":60,"code":140560,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[17,140562,140563,140595,140617,140621],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140564,140565,140567,140569,140571,140573,140575,140577,140579,140581,140583,140585,140587,140589,140591,140593],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140566,43016],{"class":73},[67,140568,78],{"class":77},[67,140570,82],{"class":81},[67,140572,333],{"class":239},[67,140574,37227],{"class":243},[67,140576,333],{"class":239},[67,140578,89],{"class":81},[67,140580,342],{"class":239},[67,140582,58296],{"class":243},[67,140584,333],{"class":239},[67,140586,89],{"class":81},[67,140588,342],{"class":239},[67,140590,58313],{"class":243},[67,140592,333],{"class":239},[67,140594,100],{"class":81},[67,140596,140597,140599,140601,140603,140605,140607,140609,140611,140613,140615],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,140598,34873],{"class":73},[67,140600,78],{"class":77},[67,140602,251],{"class":239},[67,140604,869],{"class":243},[67,140606,240],{"class":239},[67,140608,114],{"class":81},[67,140610,133495],{"class":117},[67,140612,138],{"class":81},[67,140614,43048],{"class":117},[67,140616,144],{"class":81},[67,140618,140619],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,140620,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,140622,140623,140625,140627,140629],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,140624,135],{"class":134},[67,140626,138],{"class":81},[67,140628,34894],{"class":117},[67,140630,144],{"class":81},[14,140632,159],{},[58,140634,140636],{"className":60,"code":140635,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"cat-dog-bird\n",[17,140637,140638],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140639,140640,140642,140644,140646,140648],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140641,37227],{"class":73},[67,140643,869],{"class":77},[67,140645,58296],{"class":73},[67,140647,869],{"class":77},[67,140649,140650],{"class":73},"bird\n",[53,140652,140654],{"id":140653},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140656,140657],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1109,140659,140661],{"id":140660},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[58,140663,140665],{"className":60,"code":140664,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[17,140666,140667,140675],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140668,140669,140671,140673],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140670,34873],{"class":73},[67,140672,78],{"class":77},[67,140674,8070],{"class":239},[67,140676,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685,140687],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,140678,135],{"class":134},[67,140680,138],{"class":81},[67,140682,34894],{"class":117},[67,140684,114],{"class":81},[67,140686,34654],{"class":117},[67,140688,1239],{"class":81},[14,140690,159],{},[58,140692,140693],{"className":60,"code":38477,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,140694,140695],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140696,140697],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140698,38477],{"class":81},[1109,140700,140702],{"id":140701},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[58,140704,140706],{"className":60,"code":140705,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[17,140707,140708,140716],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140709,140710,140712,140714],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140711,34873],{"class":73},[67,140713,78],{"class":77},[67,140715,8070],{"class":239},[67,140717,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726,140728,140730,140732,140734,140736],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,140719,135],{"class":134},[67,140721,138],{"class":81},[67,140723,34894],{"class":117},[67,140725,114],{"class":81},[67,140727,34654],{"class":117},[67,140729,138],{"class":81},[67,140731,240],{"class":239},[67,140733,89],{"class":243},[67,140735,240],{"class":239},[67,140737,1426],{"class":81},[14,140739,159],{},[58,140741,140743],{"className":60,"code":140742,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['']\n",[17,140744,140745],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140746,140747,140749,140751],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140748,174],{"class":81},[67,140750,3965],{"class":239},[67,140752,100],{"class":81},[1109,140754,140756],{"id":140755},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140758,140759],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[58,140761,140763],{"className":60,"code":140762,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[17,140764,140765,140777],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140766,140767,140769,140771,140773,140775],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140768,34873],{"class":73},[67,140770,78],{"class":77},[67,140772,251],{"class":239},[67,140774,4036],{"class":243},[67,140776,3547],{"class":239},[67,140778,140779,140781,140783,140785,140787,140789,140791,140793,140795,140797],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,140780,135],{"class":134},[67,140782,138],{"class":81},[67,140784,34894],{"class":117},[67,140786,114],{"class":81},[67,140788,34654],{"class":117},[67,140790,138],{"class":81},[67,140792,240],{"class":239},[67,140794,89],{"class":243},[67,140796,240],{"class":239},[67,140798,1426],{"class":81},[14,140800,159],{},[58,140802,140804],{"className":60,"code":140803,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"['hello']\n",[17,140805,140806],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140807,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140809,174],{"class":81},[67,140811,333],{"class":239},[67,140813,4036],{"class":243},[67,140815,333],{"class":239},[67,140817,100],{"class":81},[53,140819,5151,140821],{"id":140820},"when-to-use-split",[17,140822,60700],{},[14,140824,185,140825,140827],{},[17,140826,60700],{}," when you need to:",[25,140829,140830,140833,140836],{},[28,140831,140832],{},"split a sentence into words",[28,140834,140835],{},"split comma-separated values",[28,140837,140838],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140840,140841],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[25,140843,140844,140847,140850],{},[28,140845,140846],{},"cleaning text",[28,140848,140849],{},"parsing user input",[28,140851,140852],{},"processing simple file content",[53,140854,1907],{"id":1906},[14,140856,84221],{},[25,140858,140859,140863,140869,140872,140880],{},[28,140860,50683,140861,131556],{},[17,140862,60700],{},[28,140864,140865,140866,140868],{},"forgetting that ",[17,140867,60700],{}," returns a list, not a string",[28,140870,140871],{},"using the wrong separator",[28,140873,140874,140875,140877,140878],{},"assuming ",[17,140876,139814],{}," behaves the same as ",[17,140879,60700],{},[28,140881,140882],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140884,140885],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[58,140887,140889],{"className":60,"code":140888,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[17,140890,140891,140903,140921,140925],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140892,140893,140895,140897,140899,140901],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140894,34873],{"class":73},[67,140896,78],{"class":77},[67,140898,251],{"class":239},[67,140900,43009],{"class":243},[67,140902,3547],{"class":239},[67,140904,140905,140907,140909,140911,140913,140915,140917,140919],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,140906,34894],{"class":73},[67,140908,114],{"class":81},[67,140910,34654],{"class":117},[67,140912,138],{"class":81},[67,140914,240],{"class":239},[67,140916,89],{"class":243},[67,140918,240],{"class":239},[67,140920,144],{"class":81},[67,140922,140923],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,140924,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,140926,140927,140929,140931,140933],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,140928,135],{"class":134},[67,140930,138],{"class":81},[67,140932,34894],{"class":117},[67,140934,144],{"class":81},[14,140936,159],{},[58,140938,140940],{"className":60,"code":140939,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a,b,c\n",[17,140941,140942],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140943,140944,140946,140948,140950,140952],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140945,45],{"class":73},[67,140947,89],{"class":81},[67,140949,428],{"class":73},[67,140951,89],{"class":81},[67,140953,69413],{"class":73},[14,140955,140956],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,140958,10994],{},[58,140960,140961],{"className":60,"code":42996,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,140962,140963,140975,140997,141001],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,140964,140965,140967,140969,140971,140973],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,140966,34873],{"class":73},[67,140968,78],{"class":77},[67,140970,251],{"class":239},[67,140972,43009],{"class":243},[67,140974,3547],{"class":239},[67,140976,140977,140979,140981,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993,140995],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,140978,43016],{"class":73},[67,140980,78],{"class":77},[67,140982,43021],{"class":73},[67,140984,114],{"class":81},[67,140986,34654],{"class":117},[67,140988,138],{"class":81},[67,140990,240],{"class":239},[67,140992,89],{"class":243},[67,140994,240],{"class":239},[67,140996,144],{"class":81},[67,140998,140999],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,141000,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,141002,141003,141005,141007,141009],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,141004,135],{"class":134},[67,141006,138],{"class":81},[67,141008,43048],{"class":117},[67,141010,144],{"class":81},[14,141012,159],{},[58,141014,141015],{"className":60,"code":43055,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,141016,141017],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,141018,141019,141021,141023,141025,141027,141029,141031,141033,141035,141037,141039,141041,141043],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,141020,174],{"class":81},[67,141022,333],{"class":239},[67,141024,45],{"class":243},[67,141026,333],{"class":239},[67,141028,89],{"class":81},[67,141030,342],{"class":239},[67,141032,428],{"class":243},[67,141034,333],{"class":239},[67,141036,89],{"class":81},[67,141038,342],{"class":239},[67,141040,437],{"class":243},[67,141042,333],{"class":239},[67,141044,100],{"class":81},[14,141046,141047],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[58,141049,141051],{"className":60,"code":141050,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[17,141052,141053,141066,141088,141092],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,141054,141055,141057,141059,141061,141064],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,141056,34873],{"class":73},[67,141058,78],{"class":77},[67,141060,251],{"class":239},[67,141062,141063],{"class":243},"apple,banana",[67,141065,3547],{"class":239},[67,141067,141068,141070,141072,141074,141076,141078,141080,141082,141084,141086],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,141069,43016],{"class":73},[67,141071,78],{"class":77},[67,141073,43021],{"class":73},[67,141075,114],{"class":81},[67,141077,34654],{"class":117},[67,141079,138],{"class":81},[67,141081,240],{"class":239},[67,141083,89],{"class":243},[67,141085,240],{"class":239},[67,141087,144],{"class":81},[67,141089,141090],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,141091,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,141093,141094,141096,141098,141100,141102,141104],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,141095,135],{"class":134},[67,141097,138],{"class":81},[67,141099,43048],{"class":117},[67,141101,174],{"class":81},[67,141103,2245],{"class":85},[67,141105,376],{"class":81},[14,141107,141108,141109,114],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[45,141110,1455],{"href":1454},[1109,141112,60879],{"id":60878},[14,141114,9061,141115,141117],{},[17,141116,60700],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[58,141119,141121],{"className":60,"code":141120,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[17,141122,141123,141133,141147,141169,141195],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,141124,141125,141127,141129,141131],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,141126,135],{"class":134},[67,141128,138],{"class":81},[67,141130,34894],{"class":117},[67,141132,144],{"class":81},[67,141134,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,141136,135],{"class":134},[67,141138,138],{"class":81},[67,141140,34894],{"class":117},[67,141142,114],{"class":81},[67,141144,34654],{"class":117},[67,141146,1239],{"class":81},[67,141148,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157,141159,141161,141163,141165,141167],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,141150,135],{"class":134},[67,141152,138],{"class":81},[67,141154,34894],{"class":117},[67,141156,114],{"class":81},[67,141158,34654],{"class":117},[67,141160,138],{"class":81},[67,141162,333],{"class":239},[67,141164,89],{"class":243},[67,141166,333],{"class":239},[67,141168,1426],{"class":81},[67,141170,141171,141173,141175,141177,141179,141181,141183,141185,141187,141189,141191,141193],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,141172,135],{"class":134},[67,141174,138],{"class":81},[67,141176,1964],{"class":134},[67,141178,138],{"class":81},[67,141180,34894],{"class":117},[67,141182,114],{"class":81},[67,141184,34654],{"class":117},[67,141186,138],{"class":81},[67,141188,333],{"class":239},[67,141190,89],{"class":243},[67,141192,333],{"class":239},[67,141194,3102],{"class":81},[67,141196,141197,141199,141201,141203,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213,141215,141217,141219],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,141198,135],{"class":134},[67,141200,138],{"class":81},[67,141202,2011],{"class":362},[67,141204,138],{"class":81},[67,141206,34894],{"class":117},[67,141208,114],{"class":81},[67,141210,34654],{"class":117},[67,141212,138],{"class":81},[67,141214,333],{"class":239},[67,141216,89],{"class":243},[67,141218,333],{"class":239},[67,141220,3102],{"class":81},[14,141222,11357],{},[25,141224,141225,141228,141231,141234],{},[28,141226,141227],{},"what the original string looks like",[28,141229,141230],{},"which separator works",[28,141232,141233],{},"how many items were created",[28,141235,141236],{},"that the result is a list",[53,141238,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,141240,5369,141242,961,141244,2681],{"id":141241},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[17,141243,60700],{},[17,141245,139814],{},[14,141247,141248,141250],{},[17,141249,60700],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141252,141253,141255],{},[17,141254,139814],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1109,141257,12894,141259,124663],{"id":141258},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[17,141260,60700],{},[14,141262,141263,141264,56648],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[17,141265,60700],{},[1109,141267,5331,141269,40139],{"id":141268},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[17,141270,139591],{},[14,141272,141273],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1109,141275,141277],{"id":141276},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141279,29248,141280,141282],{},[17,141281,60700],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[53,141284,2094],{"id":2093},[25,141286,141287,141291,141297,141303,141307],{},[28,141288,141289],{},[45,141290,129941],{"href":129019},[28,141292,141293],{},[45,141294,126336,141295,946],{"href":140553},[17,141296,133418],{},[28,141298,141299],{},[45,141300,126336,141301,946],{"href":136906},[17,141302,41833],{},[28,141304,141305],{},[45,141306,125091],{"href":51153},[28,141308,141309],{},[45,141310,1455],{"href":1454},[2122,141312,141313],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":141315},[141316,141317,141319,141320,141325,141326,141328,141330,141335,141337,141340,141349],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":139421,"depth":103,"text":141318},"What split() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":139669,"depth":103,"text":141321,"children":141322},"Using split() with no separator",[141323],{"id":139809,"depth":124,"text":141324},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139972,"depth":103,"text":139973},{"id":140182,"depth":103,"text":141327},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140383,"depth":103,"text":141329},"What split() returns",{"id":140653,"depth":103,"text":140654,"children":141331},[141332,141333,141334],{"id":140660,"depth":124,"text":140661},{"id":140701,"depth":124,"text":140702},{"id":140755,"depth":124,"text":140756},{"id":140820,"depth":103,"text":141336},"When to use split()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":141338},[141339],{"id":60878,"depth":124,"text":60879},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":141341},[141342,141344,141346,141348],{"id":141241,"depth":124,"text":141343},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141258,"depth":124,"text":141345},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141268,"depth":124,"text":141347},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141276,"depth":124,"text":141277},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139330,"description":141350},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141357,"title":141358,"body":141359,"description":143302,"extension":2153,"meta":143303,"navigation":127,"path":143304,"seo":143305,"stem":143306,"__hash__":143307},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141360,"toc":143261},[141361,141366,141371,141378,141451,141456,141461,141466,141482,141484,141554,141556,141558,141578,141580,141625,141630,141632,141730,141735,141739,141744,141748,141751,141793,141797,141800,141845,141849,141852,141902,141906,141911,141963,141965,141970,141981,141986,142066,142068,142080,142089,142096,142111,142113,142228,142234,142238,142241,142246,142388,142391,142398,142400,142404,142412,142481,142487,142536,142541,142546,142548,142568,142570,142636,142638,142642,142645,142649,142690,142692,142725,142730,142733,142760,142762,142805,142812,142817,142827,142893,142897,142905,142910,142961,142965,142968,142970,142979,142981,143031,143033,143140,143142,143147,143154,143160,143163,143194,143199,143201,143208,143216,143225,143228,143230,143258],[10,141362,123336,141364,11509],{"id":141363},"python-string-startswith-method",[17,141365,127704],{},[14,141367,123341,141368,141370],{},[17,141369,127704],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141372,126402,141373,3068,141375,141377],{},[17,141374,3793],{},[17,141376,3863],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[58,141379,141381],{"className":60,"code":141380,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[17,141382,141383,141396,141400,141425],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,141384,141385,141387,141389,141391,141394],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,141386,34873],{"class":73},[67,141388,78],{"class":77},[67,141390,251],{"class":239},[67,141392,141393],{"class":243},"Python Beginner Help",[67,141395,3547],{"class":239},[67,141397,141398],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,141399,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,141401,141402,141404,141406,141408,141410,141413,141415,141417,141419,141421,141423],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,141403,135],{"class":134},[67,141405,138],{"class":81},[67,141407,34894],{"class":117},[67,141409,114],{"class":81},[67,141411,141412],{"class":117},"startswith",[67,141414,138],{"class":81},[67,141416,240],{"class":239},[67,141418,7488],{"class":243},[67,141420,240],{"class":239},[67,141422,5552],{"class":81},[67,141424,44034],{"class":3852},[67,141426,141427,141429,141431,141433,141435,141437,141439,141441,141444,141446,141448],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,141428,135],{"class":134},[67,141430,138],{"class":81},[67,141432,34894],{"class":117},[67,141434,114],{"class":81},[67,141436,141412],{"class":117},[67,141438,138],{"class":81},[67,141440,240],{"class":239},[67,141442,141443],{"class":243},"Beginner",[67,141445,240],{"class":239},[67,141447,5552],{"class":81},[67,141449,141450],{"class":3852}," # False\n",[14,141452,185,141453,141455],{},[17,141454,127704],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[53,141457,3867,141459,3870],{"id":141458},"what-startswith-does",[17,141460,127704],{},[14,141462,141463,141465],{},[17,141464,127704],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[25,141467,141468,141471,141477,141479],{},[28,141469,141470],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[28,141472,5337,141473,3068,141475],{},[17,141474,3793],{},[17,141476,3863],{},[28,141478,123479],{},[28,141480,141481],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141483,222],{},[58,141485,141487],{"className":60,"code":141486,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[17,141488,141489,141501,141505,141530],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,141490,141491,141493,141495,141497,141499],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,141492,8065],{"class":73},[67,141494,78],{"class":77},[67,141496,251],{"class":239},[67,141498,7488],{"class":243},[67,141500,3547],{"class":239},[67,141502,141503],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,141504,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,141506,141507,141509,141511,141513,141515,141517,141519,141521,141524,141526,141528],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,141508,135],{"class":134},[67,141510,138],{"class":81},[67,141512,7860],{"class":117},[67,141514,114],{"class":81},[67,141516,141412],{"class":117},[67,141518,138],{"class":81},[67,141520,240],{"class":239},[67,141522,141523],{"class":243},"Py",[67,141525,240],{"class":239},[67,141527,5552],{"class":81},[67,141529,44034],{"class":3852},[67,141531,141532,141534,141536,141538,141540,141542,141544,141546,141548,141550,141552],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,141533,135],{"class":134},[67,141535,138],{"class":81},[67,141537,7860],{"class":117},[67,141539,114],{"class":81},[67,141541,141412],{"class":117},[67,141543,138],{"class":81},[67,141545,240],{"class":239},[67,141547,128782],{"class":243},[67,141549,240],{"class":239},[67,141551,5552],{"class":81},[67,141553,44051],{"class":3852},[53,141555,352],{"id":351},[14,141557,42564],{},[58,141559,141561],{"className":60,"code":141560,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[17,141562,141563],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,141564,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573,141576],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,141566,61343],{"class":73},[67,141568,114],{"class":81},[67,141570,141412],{"class":117},[67,141572,138],{"class":81},[67,141574,141575],{"class":117},"prefix",[67,141577,144],{"class":81},[14,141579,30948],{},[58,141581,141583],{"className":60,"code":141582,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[17,141584,141585,141603],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,141586,141587,141589,141591,141593,141595,141597,141599,141601],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,141588,61343],{"class":73},[67,141590,114],{"class":81},[67,141592,141412],{"class":117},[67,141594,138],{"class":81},[67,141596,141575],{"class":117},[67,141598,89],{"class":81},[67,141600,36235],{"class":117},[67,141602,144],{"class":81},[67,141604,141605,141607,141609,141611,141613,141615,141617,141619,141621,141623],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,141606,61343],{"class":73},[67,141608,114],{"class":81},[67,141610,141412],{"class":117},[67,141612,138],{"class":81},[67,141614,141575],{"class":117},[67,141616,89],{"class":81},[67,141618,36235],{"class":117},[67,141620,89],{"class":81},[67,141622,65208],{"class":117},[67,141624,144],{"class":81},[14,141626,20959,141627,141629],{},[17,141628,141575],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141631,222],{},[58,141633,141635],{"className":60,"code":141634,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[17,141636,141637,141649,141653,141678,141702],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,141638,141639,141641,141643,141645,141647],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,141640,34873],{"class":73},[67,141642,78],{"class":77},[67,141644,251],{"class":239},[67,141646,60575],{"class":243},[67,141648,3547],{"class":239},[67,141650,141651],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,141652,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,141654,141655,141657,141659,141661,141663,141665,141667,141669,141671,141673,141675],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,141656,135],{"class":134},[67,141658,138],{"class":81},[67,141660,34894],{"class":117},[67,141662,114],{"class":81},[67,141664,141412],{"class":117},[67,141666,138],{"class":81},[67,141668,240],{"class":239},[67,141670,4036],{"class":243},[67,141672,240],{"class":239},[67,141674,5552],{"class":81},[67,141676,141677],{"class":3852},"      # True\n",[67,141679,141680,141682,141684,141686,141688,141690,141692,141694,141696,141698,141700],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,141681,135],{"class":134},[67,141683,138],{"class":81},[67,141685,34894],{"class":117},[67,141687,114],{"class":81},[67,141689,141412],{"class":117},[67,141691,138],{"class":81},[67,141693,240],{"class":239},[67,141695,60760],{"class":243},[67,141697,240],{"class":239},[67,141699,5552],{"class":81},[67,141701,21389],{"class":3852},[67,141703,141704,141706,141708,141710,141712,141714,141716,141718,141720,141722,141724,141726,141728],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,141705,135],{"class":134},[67,141707,138],{"class":81},[67,141709,34894],{"class":117},[67,141711,114],{"class":81},[67,141713,141412],{"class":117},[67,141715,138],{"class":81},[67,141717,240],{"class":239},[67,141719,60760],{"class":243},[67,141721,240],{"class":239},[67,141723,89],{"class":81},[67,141725,37823],{"class":85},[67,141727,5552],{"class":81},[67,141729,44034],{"class":3852},[14,141731,141732,141733,114],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[45,141734,125091],{"href":51153},[53,141736,141738],{"id":141737},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141740,141741,141743],{},[17,141742,127704],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1109,141745,141746],{"id":141575},[17,141747,141575],{},[14,141749,141750],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[58,141752,141754],{"className":60,"code":141753,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[17,141755,141756,141768],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,141757,141758,141760,141762,141764,141766],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,141759,34873],{"class":73},[67,141761,78],{"class":77},[67,141763,251],{"class":239},[67,141765,698],{"class":243},[67,141767,3547],{"class":239},[67,141769,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784,141787,141789,141791],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,141771,135],{"class":134},[67,141773,138],{"class":81},[67,141775,34894],{"class":117},[67,141777,114],{"class":81},[67,141779,141412],{"class":117},[67,141781,138],{"class":81},[67,141783,240],{"class":239},[67,141785,141786],{"class":243},"ban",[67,141788,240],{"class":239},[67,141790,5552],{"class":81},[67,141792,3853],{"class":3852},[1109,141794,141795],{"id":36256},[17,141796,36256],{},[14,141798,141799],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[58,141801,141803],{"className":60,"code":141802,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[17,141804,141805,141817],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,141806,141807,141809,141811,141813,141815],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,141808,34873],{"class":73},[67,141810,78],{"class":77},[67,141812,251],{"class":239},[67,141814,60575],{"class":243},[67,141816,3547],{"class":239},[67,141818,141819,141821,141823,141825,141827,141829,141831,141833,141835,141837,141839,141841,141843],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,141820,135],{"class":134},[67,141822,138],{"class":81},[67,141824,34894],{"class":117},[67,141826,114],{"class":81},[67,141828,141412],{"class":117},[67,141830,138],{"class":81},[67,141832,240],{"class":239},[67,141834,60760],{"class":243},[67,141836,240],{"class":239},[67,141838,89],{"class":81},[67,141840,37823],{"class":85},[67,141842,5552],{"class":81},[67,141844,3853],{"class":3852},[1109,141846,141847],{"id":52838},[17,141848,52838],{},[14,141850,141851],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[58,141853,141855],{"className":60,"code":141854,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[17,141856,141857,141869],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,141858,141859,141861,141863,141865,141867],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,141860,34873],{"class":73},[67,141862,78],{"class":77},[67,141864,251],{"class":239},[67,141866,60575],{"class":243},[67,141868,3547],{"class":239},[67,141870,141871,141873,141875,141877,141879,141881,141883,141885,141888,141890,141892,141894,141896,141898,141900],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,141872,135],{"class":134},[67,141874,138],{"class":81},[67,141876,34894],{"class":117},[67,141878,114],{"class":81},[67,141880,141412],{"class":117},[67,141882,138],{"class":81},[67,141884,240],{"class":239},[67,141886,141887],{"class":243},"wor",[67,141889,240],{"class":239},[67,141891,89],{"class":81},[67,141893,37823],{"class":85},[67,141895,89],{"class":81},[67,141897,54311],{"class":85},[67,141899,5552],{"class":81},[67,141901,3853],{"class":3852},[1109,141903,141905],{"id":141904},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141907,141908,141910],{},[17,141909,141575],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[58,141912,141914],{"className":60,"code":141913,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[17,141915,141916,141929],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,141917,141918,141920,141922,141924,141927],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,141919,126419],{"class":73},[67,141921,78],{"class":77},[67,141923,251],{"class":239},[67,141925,141926],{"class":243},"img_001.png",[67,141928,3547],{"class":239},[67,141930,141931,141933,141935,141937,141939,141941,141943,141945,141948,141950,141952,141954,141957,141959,141961],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,141932,135],{"class":134},[67,141934,138],{"class":81},[67,141936,126437],{"class":117},[67,141938,114],{"class":81},[67,141940,141412],{"class":117},[67,141942,5702],{"class":81},[67,141944,240],{"class":239},[67,141946,141947],{"class":243},"img_",[67,141949,240],{"class":239},[67,141951,89],{"class":81},[67,141953,251],{"class":239},[67,141955,141956],{"class":243},"photo_",[67,141958,240],{"class":239},[67,141960,51268],{"class":81},[67,141962,3853],{"class":3852},[53,141964,17607],{"id":17606},[14,141966,141967,141969],{},[17,141968,127704],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[25,141971,141972,141977],{},[28,141973,141974,141976],{},[17,141975,3793],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[28,141978,141979,127021],{},[17,141980,3863],{},[14,141982,141983,141984,7364],{},"This makes it useful in ",[17,141985,1217],{},[58,141987,141989],{"className":60,"code":141988,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[17,141990,141991,142005,142009,142030,142045,142051],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,141992,141993,141996,141998,142000,142003],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,141994,141995],{"class":73},"command ",[67,141997,78],{"class":77},[67,141999,251],{"class":239},[67,142001,142002],{"class":243},"\u002Fhelp",[67,142004,3547],{"class":239},[67,142006,142007],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,142008,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,142010,142011,142013,142016,142018,142020,142022,142024,142026,142028],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,142012,1217],{"class":1167},[67,142014,142015],{"class":73}," command",[67,142017,114],{"class":81},[67,142019,141412],{"class":117},[67,142021,138],{"class":81},[67,142023,240],{"class":239},[67,142025,127228],{"class":243},[67,142027,240],{"class":239},[67,142029,1407],{"class":81},[67,142031,142032,142034,142036,142038,142041,142043],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,142033,1228],{"class":134},[67,142035,138],{"class":81},[67,142037,240],{"class":239},[67,142039,142040],{"class":243},"This looks like a command.",[67,142042,240],{"class":239},[67,142044,144],{"class":81},[67,142046,142047,142049],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,142048,1244],{"class":1167},[67,142050,1223],{"class":81},[67,142052,142053,142055,142057,142059,142062,142064],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,142054,1228],{"class":134},[67,142056,138],{"class":81},[67,142058,240],{"class":239},[67,142060,142061],{"class":243},"This is normal text.",[67,142063,240],{"class":239},[67,142065,144],{"class":81},[14,142067,159],{},[58,142069,142071],{"className":60,"code":142070,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"This looks like a command.\n",[17,142072,142073],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,142074,142075,142078],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,142076,142077],{"class":73},"This looks like a command",[67,142079,122368],{"class":81},[53,142081,8604,142083,43,142085,961,142087],{"id":142082},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[17,142084,127704],{},[17,142086,36256],{},[17,142088,52838],{},[14,142090,379,142091,961,142093,142095],{},[17,142092,36256],{},[17,142094,52838],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[25,142097,142098,142103,142108],{},[28,142099,142100,142102],{},[17,142101,36256],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[28,142104,142105,142107],{},[17,142106,52838],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[28,142109,142110],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,142112,222],{},[58,142114,142116],{"className":60,"code":142115,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[17,142117,142118,142130,142134,142163,142196],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,142119,142120,142122,142124,142126,142128],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,142121,34873],{"class":73},[67,142123,78],{"class":77},[67,142125,251],{"class":239},[67,142127,139615],{"class":243},[67,142129,3547],{"class":239},[67,142131,142132],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,142133,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,142135,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144,142146,142148,142150,142152,142154,142156,142158,142160],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,142137,135],{"class":134},[67,142139,138],{"class":81},[67,142141,34894],{"class":117},[67,142143,114],{"class":81},[67,142145,141412],{"class":117},[67,142147,138],{"class":81},[67,142149,240],{"class":239},[67,142151,79252],{"class":243},[67,142153,240],{"class":239},[67,142155,89],{"class":81},[67,142157,2645],{"class":85},[67,142159,5552],{"class":81},[67,142161,142162],{"class":3852},"        # True\n",[67,142164,142165,142167,142169,142171,142173,142175,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187,142189,142192,142194],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,142166,135],{"class":134},[67,142168,138],{"class":81},[67,142170,34894],{"class":117},[67,142172,114],{"class":81},[67,142174,141412],{"class":117},[67,142176,138],{"class":81},[67,142178,240],{"class":239},[67,142180,134222],{"class":243},[67,142182,240],{"class":239},[67,142184,89],{"class":81},[67,142186,6552],{"class":85},[67,142188,89],{"class":81},[67,142190,142191],{"class":85}," 13",[67,142193,5552],{"class":81},[67,142195,3853],{"class":3852},[67,142197,142198,142200,142202,142204,142206,142208,142210,142212,142214,142216,142218,142220,142222,142224,142226],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,142199,135],{"class":134},[67,142201,138],{"class":81},[67,142203,34894],{"class":117},[67,142205,114],{"class":81},[67,142207,141412],{"class":117},[67,142209,138],{"class":81},[67,142211,240],{"class":239},[67,142213,134222],{"class":243},[67,142215,240],{"class":239},[67,142217,89],{"class":81},[67,142219,6552],{"class":85},[67,142221,89],{"class":81},[67,142223,31127],{"class":85},[67,142225,5552],{"class":81},[67,142227,4961],{"class":3852},[14,142229,142230,142231,142233],{},"In the last example, the ",[17,142232,52838],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[53,142235,142237],{"id":142236},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,142239,142240],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142242,142243,142244,49527],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[17,142245,41016],{},[58,142247,142249],{"className":60,"code":142248,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[17,142250,142251,142265,142279,142293,142297,142321,142325,142346,142367],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,142252,142253,142256,142258,142260,142263],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,142254,142255],{"class":73},"filename1 ",[67,142257,78],{"class":77},[67,142259,251],{"class":239},[67,142261,142262],{"class":243},"img_101.jpg",[67,142264,3547],{"class":239},[67,142266,142267,142270,142272,142274,142277],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,142268,142269],{"class":73},"filename2 ",[67,142271,78],{"class":77},[67,142273,251],{"class":239},[67,142275,142276],{"class":243},"photo_202.jpg",[67,142278,3547],{"class":239},[67,142280,142281,142284,142286,142288,142291],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,142282,142283],{"class":73},"filename3 ",[67,142285,78],{"class":77},[67,142287,251],{"class":239},[67,142289,142290],{"class":243},"doc_303.jpg",[67,142292,3547],{"class":239},[67,142294,142295],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,142296,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,142298,142299,142301,142303,142305,142307,142309,142311,142313,142315,142317,142319],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,142300,127631],{"class":73},[67,142302,78],{"class":77},[67,142304,9423],{"class":81},[67,142306,240],{"class":239},[67,142308,141947],{"class":243},[67,142310,240],{"class":239},[67,142312,89],{"class":81},[67,142314,251],{"class":239},[67,142316,141956],{"class":243},[67,142318,240],{"class":239},[67,142320,144],{"class":81},[67,142322,142323],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,142324,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,142326,142327,142329,142331,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342,142344],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,142328,135],{"class":134},[67,142330,138],{"class":81},[67,142332,142333],{"class":117},"filename1",[67,142335,114],{"class":81},[67,142337,141412],{"class":117},[67,142339,138],{"class":81},[67,142341,127683],{"class":117},[67,142343,5552],{"class":81},[67,142345,3853],{"class":3852},[67,142347,142348,142350,142352,142355,142357,142359,142361,142363,142365],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,142349,135],{"class":134},[67,142351,138],{"class":81},[67,142353,142354],{"class":117},"filename2",[67,142356,114],{"class":81},[67,142358,141412],{"class":117},[67,142360,138],{"class":81},[67,142362,127683],{"class":117},[67,142364,5552],{"class":81},[67,142366,3853],{"class":3852},[67,142368,142369,142371,142373,142376,142378,142380,142382,142384,142386],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,142370,135],{"class":134},[67,142372,138],{"class":81},[67,142374,142375],{"class":117},"filename3",[67,142377,114],{"class":81},[67,142379,141412],{"class":117},[67,142381,138],{"class":81},[67,142383,127683],{"class":117},[67,142385,5552],{"class":81},[67,142387,4961],{"class":3852},[14,142389,142390],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142392,74753,142393,142397],{},[45,142394,126336,142395,946],{"href":129930},[17,142396,126394],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[53,142399,123983],{"id":123982},[14,142401,142402,123794],{},[17,142403,127704],{},[14,142405,127381,142406,961,142409,127388],{},[17,142407,142408],{},"\"Python\"",[17,142410,142411],{},"\"python\"",[58,142413,142415],{"className":60,"code":142414,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[17,142416,142417,142429,142433,142457],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,142418,142419,142421,142423,142425,142427],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,142420,34873],{"class":73},[67,142422,78],{"class":77},[67,142424,251],{"class":239},[67,142426,7488],{"class":243},[67,142428,3547],{"class":239},[67,142430,142431],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,142432,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,142434,142435,142437,142439,142441,142443,142445,142447,142449,142451,142453,142455],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,142436,135],{"class":134},[67,142438,138],{"class":81},[67,142440,34894],{"class":117},[67,142442,114],{"class":81},[67,142444,141412],{"class":117},[67,142446,138],{"class":81},[67,142448,240],{"class":239},[67,142450,141523],{"class":243},[67,142452,240],{"class":239},[67,142454,5552],{"class":81},[67,142456,3853],{"class":3852},[67,142458,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467,142469,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,142460,135],{"class":134},[67,142462,138],{"class":81},[67,142464,34894],{"class":117},[67,142466,114],{"class":81},[67,142468,141412],{"class":117},[67,142470,138],{"class":81},[67,142472,240],{"class":239},[67,142474,128782],{"class":243},[67,142476,240],{"class":239},[67,142478,5552],{"class":81},[67,142480,4961],{"class":3852},[14,142482,127473,142483,114],{},[45,142484,142485],{"href":124063},[17,142486,124066],{},[58,142488,142490],{"className":60,"code":142489,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[17,142491,142492,142504,142508],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,142493,142494,142496,142498,142500,142502],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,142495,34873],{"class":73},[67,142497,78],{"class":77},[67,142499,251],{"class":239},[67,142501,7488],{"class":243},[67,142503,3547],{"class":239},[67,142505,142506],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,142507,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,142509,142510,142512,142514,142516,142518,142520,142522,142524,142526,142528,142530,142532,142534],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,142511,135],{"class":134},[67,142513,138],{"class":81},[67,142515,34894],{"class":117},[67,142517,114],{"class":81},[67,142519,8827],{"class":117},[67,142521,8824],{"class":81},[67,142523,141412],{"class":117},[67,142525,138],{"class":81},[67,142527,240],{"class":239},[67,142529,128782],{"class":243},[67,142531,240],{"class":239},[67,142533,5552],{"class":81},[67,142535,3853],{"class":3852},[53,142537,5151,142539],{"id":142538},"when-to-use-startswith",[17,142540,127704],{},[14,142542,142543,142545],{},[17,142544,127704],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142547,9561],{},[25,142549,142550,142553,142556,142565],{},[28,142551,142552],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[28,142554,142555],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[28,142557,142558,142559,3068,142562],{},"Validating text formats like ",[17,142560,142561],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[17,142563,142564],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[28,142566,142567],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142569,222],{},[58,142571,142573],{"className":60,"code":142572,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[17,142574,142575,142588,142592,142621],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,142576,142577,142579,142581,142583,142586],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,142578,127199],{"class":73},[67,142580,78],{"class":77},[67,142582,251],{"class":239},[67,142584,142585],{"class":243},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[67,142587,3547],{"class":239},[67,142589,142590],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,142591,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,142593,142594,142596,142599,142601,142603,142605,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,142595,1217],{"class":1167},[67,142597,142598],{"class":73}," url",[67,142600,114],{"class":81},[67,142602,141412],{"class":117},[67,142604,5702],{"class":81},[67,142606,240],{"class":239},[67,142608,142561],{"class":243},[67,142610,240],{"class":239},[67,142612,89],{"class":81},[67,142614,251],{"class":239},[67,142616,142564],{"class":243},[67,142618,240],{"class":239},[67,142620,69728],{"class":81},[67,142622,142623,142625,142627,142629,142632,142634],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,142624,1228],{"class":134},[67,142626,138],{"class":81},[67,142628,240],{"class":239},[67,142630,142631],{"class":243},"This looks like a web URL.",[67,142633,240],{"class":239},[67,142635,144],{"class":81},[53,142637,1907],{"id":1906},[14,142639,23284,142640,114],{},[17,142641,127704],{},[1109,142643,138776],{"id":142644},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142646,142647,123794],{},[17,142648,127704],{},[58,142650,142652],{"className":60,"code":142651,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[17,142653,142654,142666],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,142655,142656,142658,142660,142662,142664],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,142657,34873],{"class":73},[67,142659,78],{"class":77},[67,142661,251],{"class":239},[67,142663,7488],{"class":243},[67,142665,3547],{"class":239},[67,142667,142668,142670,142672,142674,142676,142678,142680,142682,142684,142686,142688],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,142669,135],{"class":134},[67,142671,138],{"class":81},[67,142673,34894],{"class":117},[67,142675,114],{"class":81},[67,142677,141412],{"class":117},[67,142679,138],{"class":81},[67,142681,240],{"class":239},[67,142683,62],{"class":243},[67,142685,240],{"class":239},[67,142687,5552],{"class":81},[67,142689,4961],{"class":3852},[14,142691,1177],{},[58,142693,142695],{"className":60,"code":142694,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[17,142696,142697],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,142698,142699,142701,142703,142705,142707,142709,142711,142713,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,142700,135],{"class":134},[67,142702,138],{"class":81},[67,142704,34894],{"class":117},[67,142706,114],{"class":81},[67,142708,8827],{"class":117},[67,142710,8824],{"class":81},[67,142712,141412],{"class":117},[67,142714,138],{"class":81},[67,142716,240],{"class":239},[67,142718,62],{"class":243},[67,142720,240],{"class":239},[67,142722,5552],{"class":81},[67,142724,3853],{"class":3852},[1109,142726,29837,142728,137258],{"id":142727},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[17,142729,127704],{},[14,142731,142732],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[58,142734,142736],{"className":60,"code":142735,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[17,142737,142738,142746,142750,142755],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,142739,142740,142742,142744],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,142741,2634],{"class":73},[67,142743,78],{"class":77},[67,142745,125018],{"class":85},[67,142747,142748],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,142749,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,142751,142752],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,142753,142754],{"class":3852},"# This will cause an error:\n",[67,142756,142757],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,142758,142759],{"class":3852},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142761,1177],{},[58,142763,142765],{"className":60,"code":142764,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[17,142766,142767,142781],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,142768,142769,142771,142773,142775,142777,142779],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,142770,2634],{"class":73},[67,142772,78],{"class":77},[67,142774,49083],{"class":362},[67,142776,138],{"class":81},[67,142778,50423],{"class":85},[67,142780,144],{"class":81},[67,142782,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795,142797,142799,142801,142803],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,142784,135],{"class":134},[67,142786,138],{"class":81},[67,142788,2661],{"class":117},[67,142790,114],{"class":81},[67,142792,141412],{"class":117},[67,142794,138],{"class":81},[67,142796,240],{"class":239},[67,142798,464],{"class":243},[67,142800,240],{"class":239},[67,142802,5552],{"class":81},[67,142804,3853],{"class":3852},[1109,142806,1923,142808,43,142810],{"id":142807},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[17,142809,127704],{},[17,142811,4074],{},[14,142813,142814,142816],{},[17,142815,127704],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142818,142819,142820,142822,142823,114],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[17,142821,4074],{}," or methods like ",[45,142824,142825],{"href":124346},[17,142826,124331],{},[58,142828,142830],{"className":60,"code":142829,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[17,142831,142832,142844,142848,142872],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,142833,142834,142836,142838,142840,142842],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,142835,34873],{"class":73},[67,142837,78],{"class":77},[67,142839,251],{"class":239},[67,142841,60575],{"class":243},[67,142843,3547],{"class":239},[67,142845,142846],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,142847,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,142849,142850,142852,142854,142856,142858,142860,142862,142864,142866,142868,142870],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,142851,135],{"class":134},[67,142853,138],{"class":81},[67,142855,34894],{"class":117},[67,142857,114],{"class":81},[67,142859,141412],{"class":117},[67,142861,138],{"class":81},[67,142863,240],{"class":239},[67,142865,60760],{"class":243},[67,142867,240],{"class":239},[67,142869,5552],{"class":81},[67,142871,4961],{"class":3852},[67,142873,142874,142876,142878,142880,142882,142884,142886,142888,142890],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,142875,135],{"class":134},[67,142877,138],{"class":81},[67,142879,240],{"class":239},[67,142881,60760],{"class":243},[67,142883,240],{"class":239},[67,142885,21362],{"class":1167},[67,142887,43021],{"class":117},[67,142889,3849],{"class":81},[67,142891,142892],{"class":3852},"           # True\n",[14,142894,135810,142895,114],{},[45,142896,127372],{"href":123591},[1109,142898,4894,142900,961,142902,142904],{"id":142899},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[17,142901,36256],{},[17,142903,52838],{}," use index positions",[14,142906,142907,142908,114],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[17,142909,1031],{},[58,142911,142913],{"className":60,"code":142912,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[17,142914,142915,142928,142932],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,142916,142917,142919,142921,142923,142926],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,142918,34873],{"class":73},[67,142920,78],{"class":77},[67,142922,251],{"class":239},[67,142924,142925],{"class":243},"abcdef",[67,142927,3547],{"class":239},[67,142929,142930],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,142931,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,142933,142934,142936,142938,142940,142942,142944,142946,142948,142951,142953,142955,142957,142959],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,142935,135],{"class":134},[67,142937,138],{"class":81},[67,142939,34894],{"class":117},[67,142941,114],{"class":81},[67,142943,141412],{"class":117},[67,142945,138],{"class":81},[67,142947,240],{"class":239},[67,142949,142950],{"class":243},"cd",[67,142952,240],{"class":239},[67,142954,89],{"class":81},[67,142956,3182],{"class":85},[67,142958,5552],{"class":81},[67,142960,3853],{"class":3852},[1109,142962,142964],{"id":142963},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,142966,142967],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,142969,16831],{},[58,142971,142973],{"className":60,"code":142972,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[17,142974,142975],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,142976,142977],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,142978,142972],{"class":3852},[14,142980,16843],{},[58,142982,142984],{"className":60,"code":142983,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[17,142985,142986,142998],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,142987,142988,142990,142992,142994,142996],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,142989,34873],{"class":73},[67,142991,78],{"class":77},[67,142993,251],{"class":239},[67,142995,7488],{"class":243},[67,142997,3547],{"class":239},[67,142999,143000,143002,143004,143006,143008,143010,143012,143014,143016,143018,143020,143022,143025,143027,143029],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,143001,135],{"class":134},[67,143003,138],{"class":81},[67,143005,34894],{"class":117},[67,143007,114],{"class":81},[67,143009,141412],{"class":117},[67,143011,5702],{"class":81},[67,143013,240],{"class":239},[67,143015,141523],{"class":243},[67,143017,240],{"class":239},[67,143019,89],{"class":81},[67,143021,251],{"class":239},[67,143023,143024],{"class":243},"Ja",[67,143026,240],{"class":239},[67,143028,51268],{"class":81},[67,143030,3853],{"class":3852},[14,143032,32267],{},[58,143034,143036],{"className":60,"code":143035,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[17,143037,143038,143048,143062,143084,143110],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143039,143040,143042,143044,143046],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143041,135],{"class":134},[67,143043,138],{"class":81},[67,143045,34894],{"class":117},[67,143047,144],{"class":81},[67,143049,143050,143052,143054,143056,143058,143060],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,143051,135],{"class":134},[67,143053,138],{"class":81},[67,143055,2011],{"class":362},[67,143057,138],{"class":81},[67,143059,34894],{"class":117},[67,143061,1426],{"class":81},[67,143063,143064,143066,143068,143070,143072,143074,143076,143078,143080,143082],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,143065,135],{"class":134},[67,143067,138],{"class":81},[67,143069,34894],{"class":117},[67,143071,114],{"class":81},[67,143073,141412],{"class":117},[67,143075,138],{"class":81},[67,143077,240],{"class":239},[67,143079,141523],{"class":243},[67,143081,240],{"class":239},[67,143083,1426],{"class":81},[67,143085,143086,143088,143090,143092,143094,143096,143098,143100,143102,143104,143106,143108],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,143087,135],{"class":134},[67,143089,138],{"class":81},[67,143091,34894],{"class":117},[67,143093,114],{"class":81},[67,143095,8827],{"class":117},[67,143097,8824],{"class":81},[67,143099,141412],{"class":117},[67,143101,138],{"class":81},[67,143103,240],{"class":239},[67,143105,128782],{"class":243},[67,143107,240],{"class":239},[67,143109,1426],{"class":81},[67,143111,143112,143114,143116,143118,143120,143122,143124,143126,143128,143130,143132,143134,143136,143138],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,143113,135],{"class":134},[67,143115,138],{"class":81},[67,143117,34894],{"class":117},[67,143119,114],{"class":81},[67,143121,141412],{"class":117},[67,143123,5702],{"class":81},[67,143125,240],{"class":239},[67,143127,141523],{"class":243},[67,143129,240],{"class":239},[67,143131,89],{"class":81},[67,143133,251],{"class":239},[67,143135,143024],{"class":243},[67,143137,240],{"class":239},[67,143139,3102],{"class":81},[53,143141,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,143143,12894,143145,128182],{"id":143144},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[17,143146,127704],{},[14,143148,143149,143150,3068,143152,114],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[17,143151,3793],{},[17,143153,3863],{},[1109,143155,5359,143157,143159],{"id":143156},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[17,143158,127704],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,143161,143162],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[58,143164,143166],{"className":60,"code":143165,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[17,143167,143168],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143169,143170,143172,143174,143176,143178,143180,143182,143184,143186,143188,143190,143192],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143171,34894],{"class":73},[67,143173,114],{"class":81},[67,143175,141412],{"class":117},[67,143177,5702],{"class":81},[67,143179,240],{"class":239},[67,143181,45],{"class":243},[67,143183,240],{"class":239},[67,143185,89],{"class":81},[67,143187,251],{"class":239},[67,143189,428],{"class":243},[67,143191,240],{"class":239},[67,143193,1426],{"class":81},[1109,143195,15090,143197,124672],{"id":143196},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[17,143198,127704],{},[14,143200,129865],{},[1109,143202,5369,143204,961,143206,2681],{"id":143203},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[17,143205,127704],{},[17,143207,4074],{},[14,143209,143210,143212,143213,143215],{},[17,143211,127704],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[17,143214,4074],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1109,143217,28516,143219,961,143221,43,143223,2681],{"id":143218},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[17,143220,36256],{},[17,143222,52838],{},[17,143224,127704],{},[14,143226,143227],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[53,143229,2094],{"id":2093},[25,143231,143232,143238,143244,143250,143254],{},[28,143233,143234],{},[45,143235,126336,143236,946],{"href":129930},[17,143237,126394],{},[28,143239,143240],{},[45,143241,126336,143242,946],{"href":124346},[17,143243,124331],{},[28,143245,143246],{},[45,143247,126336,143248,946],{"href":124063},[17,143249,124066],{},[28,143251,143252],{},[45,143253,124735],{"href":123591},[28,143255,143256],{},[45,143257,125091],{"href":51153},[2122,143259,143260],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":143262},[143263,143265,143266,143272,143273,143275,143276,143277,143279,143289,143301],{"id":141458,"depth":103,"text":143264},"What startswith() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":141737,"depth":103,"text":141738,"children":143267},[143268,143269,143270,143271],{"id":141575,"depth":124,"text":141575},{"id":36256,"depth":124,"text":36256},{"id":52838,"depth":124,"text":52838},{"id":141904,"depth":124,"text":141905},{"id":17606,"depth":103,"text":17607},{"id":142082,"depth":103,"text":143274},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142236,"depth":103,"text":142237},{"id":123982,"depth":103,"text":123983},{"id":142538,"depth":103,"text":143278},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":143280},[143281,143282,143284,143286,143288],{"id":142644,"depth":124,"text":138776},{"id":142727,"depth":124,"text":143283},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142807,"depth":124,"text":143285},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142899,"depth":124,"text":143287},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142963,"depth":124,"text":142964},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":143290},[143291,143293,143295,143297,143299],{"id":143144,"depth":124,"text":143292},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143156,"depth":124,"text":143294},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143196,"depth":124,"text":143296},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143203,"depth":124,"text":143298},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143218,"depth":124,"text":143300},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141358,"description":143302},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143309,"title":143310,"body":143311,"description":144765,"extension":2153,"meta":144766,"navigation":127,"path":144767,"seo":144768,"stem":144769,"__hash__":144770},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143312,"toc":144735},[143313,143318,143323,143326,143328,143372,143374,143382,143387,143392,143397,143399,143417,143419,143465,143467,143481,143490,143494,143496,143498,143510,143515,143518,143550,143552,143561,143566,143569,143610,143612,143620,143622,143635,143641,143645,143648,143664,143666,143715,143717,143726,143729,143788,143790,143799,143806,143809,143862,143864,143888,143895,143901,143905,143911,143914,143925,143927,143967,143969,143977,143979,144019,144021,144030,144032,144050,144053,144060,144071,144074,144091,144093,144170,144172,144203,144206,144208,144211,144237,144239,144279,144281,144290,144300,144308,144316,144321,144326,144328,144342,144344,144395,144397,144406,144416,144418,144420,144442,144445,144524,144526,144562,144565,144640,144645,144647,144653,144658,144663,144666,144672,144675,144682,144690,144694,144702,144704,144732],[10,143314,123336,143316,11509],{"id":143315},"python-string-strip-method",[17,143317,41833],{},[14,143319,32502,143320,143322],{},[17,143321,41833],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143324,143325],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[53,143327,3798],{"id":3797},[58,143329,143331],{"className":60,"code":143330,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[17,143332,143333,143346,143361],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143334,143335,143337,143339,143341,143344],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143336,34873],{"class":73},[67,143338,78],{"class":77},[67,143340,251],{"class":239},[67,143342,143343],{"class":243},"  hello  ",[67,143345,3547],{"class":239},[67,143347,143348,143351,143353,143355,143357,143359],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,143349,143350],{"class":73},"clean_text ",[67,143352,78],{"class":77},[67,143354,43021],{"class":73},[67,143356,114],{"class":81},[67,143358,8821],{"class":117},[67,143360,121],{"class":81},[67,143362,143363,143365,143367,143370],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,143364,135],{"class":134},[67,143366,138],{"class":81},[67,143368,143369],{"class":117},"clean_text",[67,143371,144],{"class":81},[14,143373,159],{},[58,143375,143376],{"className":60,"code":138651,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,143377,143378],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143379,143380],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143381,138651],{"class":73},[14,143383,185,143384,143386],{},[17,143385,41833],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[53,143388,3867,143390,3870],{"id":143389},"what-strip-does",[17,143391,41833],{},[14,143393,143394,143396],{},[17,143395,41833],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143398,13241],{},[25,143400,143401,143405,143408,143411,143414],{},[28,143402,143403,131686],{},[17,143404,41833],{},[28,143406,143407],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[28,143409,143410],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[28,143412,143413],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[28,143415,143416],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143418,222],{},[58,143420,143422],{"className":60,"code":143421,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[17,143423,143424,143437,143441,143455],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143425,143426,143428,143430,143432,143435],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143427,34873],{"class":73},[67,143429,78],{"class":77},[67,143431,251],{"class":239},[67,143433,143434],{"class":243},"  hello world  ",[67,143436,3547],{"class":239},[67,143438,143439],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,143440,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,143442,143443,143445,143447,143449,143451,143453],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,143444,135],{"class":134},[67,143446,138],{"class":81},[67,143448,34894],{"class":117},[67,143450,114],{"class":81},[67,143452,8821],{"class":117},[67,143454,1239],{"class":81},[67,143456,143457,143459,143461,143463],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,143458,135],{"class":134},[67,143460,138],{"class":81},[67,143462,34894],{"class":117},[67,143464,144],{"class":81},[14,143466,159],{},[58,143468,143470],{"className":60,"code":143469,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[17,143471,143472,143476],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143473,143474],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143475,134352],{"class":73},[67,143477,143478],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,143479,143480],{"class":73},"  hello world\n",[14,143482,143483,143484,143486,143487,143489],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[17,143485,41833],{},", but the original ",[17,143488,34894],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143491,125088,143492,114],{},[45,143493,125091],{"href":51153},[53,143495,352],{"id":351},[14,143497,26675],{},[25,143499,143500,143505],{},[28,143501,143502],{},[17,143503,143504],{},"string.strip()",[28,143506,143507],{},[17,143508,143509],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1109,143511,143513],{"id":143512},"stringstrip",[17,143514,143504],{},[14,143516,143517],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[58,143519,143521],{"className":60,"code":143520,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[17,143522,143523,143536],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143524,143525,143527,143529,143531,143534],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143526,8065],{"class":73},[67,143528,78],{"class":77},[67,143530,251],{"class":239},[67,143532,143533],{"class":243},"  Alice  ",[67,143535,3547],{"class":239},[67,143537,143538,143540,143542,143544,143546,143548],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,143539,135],{"class":134},[67,143541,138],{"class":81},[67,143543,7860],{"class":117},[67,143545,114],{"class":81},[67,143547,8821],{"class":117},[67,143549,1239],{"class":81},[14,143551,159],{},[58,143553,143555],{"className":60,"code":143554,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Alice\n",[17,143556,143557],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143558,143559],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143560,143554],{"class":73},[1109,143562,143564],{"id":143563},"stringstripchars",[17,143565,143509],{},[14,143567,143568],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[58,143570,143572],{"className":60,"code":143571,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[17,143573,143574,143587],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143575,143576,143578,143580,143582,143585],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143577,34873],{"class":73},[67,143579,78],{"class":77},[67,143581,251],{"class":239},[67,143583,143584],{"class":243},"!!hello??",[67,143586,3547],{"class":239},[67,143588,143589,143591,143593,143595,143597,143599,143601,143603,143606,143608],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,143590,135],{"class":134},[67,143592,138],{"class":81},[67,143594,34894],{"class":117},[67,143596,114],{"class":81},[67,143598,8821],{"class":117},[67,143600,138],{"class":81},[67,143602,240],{"class":239},[67,143604,143605],{"class":243},"!?",[67,143607,240],{"class":239},[67,143609,1426],{"class":81},[14,143611,159],{},[58,143613,143614],{"className":60,"code":138651,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,143615,143616],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143617,143618],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143619,138651],{"class":73},[14,143621,83802],{},[25,143623,143624,143629],{},[28,143625,143626,143628],{},[17,143627,134595],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[28,143630,143631,143632,143634],{},"The order of characters in ",[17,143633,134595],{}," does not matter",[53,143636,143638,143639],{"id":143637},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[17,143640,41833],{},[14,143642,31069,143643,114],{},[17,143644,41833],{},[14,143646,143647],{},"It is useful for:",[25,143649,143650,143655,143658,143661],{},[28,143651,143652,143653,4077],{},"Cleaning ",[17,143654,3148],{},[28,143656,143657],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[28,143659,143660],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[28,143662,143663],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143665,48540],{},[58,143667,143669],{"className":60,"code":143668,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[17,143670,143671,143684,143700,143704],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143672,143673,143675,143677,143679,143682],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143674,8150],{"class":73},[67,143676,78],{"class":77},[67,143678,251],{"class":239},[67,143680,143681],{"class":243},"  sam  ",[67,143683,3547],{"class":239},[67,143685,143686,143689,143691,143694,143696,143698],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,143687,143688],{"class":73},"clean_username ",[67,143690,78],{"class":77},[67,143692,143693],{"class":73}," username",[67,143695,114],{"class":81},[67,143697,8821],{"class":117},[67,143699,121],{"class":81},[67,143701,143702],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,143703,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,143705,143706,143708,143710,143713],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,143707,135],{"class":134},[67,143709,138],{"class":81},[67,143711,143712],{"class":117},"clean_username",[67,143714,144],{"class":81},[14,143716,159],{},[58,143718,143720],{"className":60,"code":143719,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"sam\n",[17,143721,143722],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143723,143724],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143725,143719],{"class":73},[14,143727,143728],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[58,143730,143732],{"className":60,"code":143731,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[17,143733,143734,143747,143751,143773],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143735,143736,143738,143740,143742,143745],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143737,136579],{"class":73},[67,143739,78],{"class":77},[67,143741,251],{"class":239},[67,143743,143744],{"class":243}," yes  ",[67,143746,3547],{"class":239},[67,143748,143749],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,143750,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,143752,143753,143755,143757,143759,143761,143763,143765,143767,143769,143771],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,143754,1217],{"class":1167},[67,143756,136599],{"class":73},[67,143758,114],{"class":81},[67,143760,8821],{"class":117},[67,143762,7557],{"class":81},[67,143764,6600],{"class":77},[67,143766,251],{"class":239},[67,143768,8844],{"class":243},[67,143770,240],{"class":239},[67,143772,1223],{"class":81},[67,143774,143775,143777,143779,143781,143784,143786],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,143776,1228],{"class":134},[67,143778,138],{"class":81},[67,143780,240],{"class":239},[67,143782,143783],{"class":243},"Matched",[67,143785,240],{"class":239},[67,143787,144],{"class":81},[14,143789,159],{},[58,143791,143793],{"className":60,"code":143792,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Matched\n",[17,143794,143795],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143796,143797],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143798,143792],{"class":73},[14,143800,143801,143802,114],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[45,143803,143805],{"href":143804},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143807,143808],{},"Example with file-style text:",[58,143810,143812],{"className":60,"code":143811,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[17,143813,143814,143830,143844],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143815,143816,143819,143821,143823,143826,143828],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143817,143818],{"class":73},"line ",[67,143820,78],{"class":77},[67,143822,251],{"class":239},[67,143824,143825],{"class":243},"Python basics",[67,143827,87134],{"class":34638},[67,143829,3547],{"class":239},[67,143831,143832,143834,143836,143838,143840,143842],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,143833,135],{"class":134},[67,143835,138],{"class":81},[67,143837,41959],{"class":134},[67,143839,138],{"class":81},[67,143841,69],{"class":117},[67,143843,1426],{"class":81},[67,143845,143846,143848,143850,143852,143854,143856,143858,143860],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,143847,135],{"class":134},[67,143849,138],{"class":81},[67,143851,41959],{"class":134},[67,143853,138],{"class":81},[67,143855,69],{"class":117},[67,143857,114],{"class":81},[67,143859,8821],{"class":117},[67,143861,6482],{"class":81},[14,143863,159],{},[58,143865,143867],{"className":60,"code":143866,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[17,143868,143869,143880],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143870,143871,143873,143875,143878],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143872,333],{"class":43508},[67,143874,143825],{"class":43512},[67,143876,87134],{"class":143877},"sfi6f",[67,143879,29887],{"class":43508},[67,143881,143882,143884,143886],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,143883,333],{"class":43508},[67,143885,143825],{"class":43512},[67,143887,29887],{"class":43508},[14,143889,8604,143890,143892,143893,114],{},[17,143891,122550],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[17,143894,87134],{},[14,143896,143897,143898,114],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[45,143899,143900],{"href":87787},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[53,143902,143904],{"id":143903},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143906,143907,143908,114],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[17,143909,143910],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143912,143913],{},"Python will:",[25,143915,143916,143919,143922],{},[28,143917,143918],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[28,143920,143921],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[28,143923,143924],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,143926,222],{},[58,143928,143930],{"className":60,"code":143929,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[17,143931,143932,143945],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143933,143934,143936,143938,143940,143943],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143935,34873],{"class":73},[67,143937,78],{"class":77},[67,143939,251],{"class":239},[67,143941,143942],{"class":243},"??hello!!",[67,143944,3547],{"class":239},[67,143946,143947,143949,143951,143953,143955,143957,143959,143961,143963,143965],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,143948,135],{"class":134},[67,143950,138],{"class":81},[67,143952,34894],{"class":117},[67,143954,114],{"class":81},[67,143956,8821],{"class":117},[67,143958,138],{"class":81},[67,143960,240],{"class":239},[67,143962,143605],{"class":243},[67,143964,240],{"class":239},[67,143966,1426],{"class":81},[14,143968,159],{},[58,143970,143971],{"className":60,"code":138651,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,143972,143973],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143974,143975],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143976,138651],{"class":73},[14,143978,52257],{},[58,143980,143982],{"className":60,"code":143981,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[17,143983,143984,143997],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,143985,143986,143988,143990,143992,143995],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,143987,34873],{"class":73},[67,143989,78],{"class":77},[67,143991,251],{"class":239},[67,143993,143994],{"class":243},"abcHelloCba",[67,143996,3547],{"class":239},[67,143998,143999,144001,144003,144005,144007,144009,144011,144013,144015,144017],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,144000,135],{"class":134},[67,144002,138],{"class":81},[67,144004,34894],{"class":117},[67,144006,114],{"class":81},[67,144008,8821],{"class":117},[67,144010,138],{"class":81},[67,144012,240],{"class":239},[67,144014,41740],{"class":243},[67,144016,240],{"class":239},[67,144018,1426],{"class":81},[14,144020,159],{},[58,144022,144024],{"className":60,"code":144023,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"HelloC\n",[17,144025,144026],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,144027,144028],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,144029,144023],{"class":73},[14,144031,6427],{},[14,144033,144034,14240,144037,144039,144040,144042,144043,1550,144045,1553,144047,144049],{},[17,144035,144036],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[3934,144038,4820],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[17,144041,41740],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[17,144044,45],{},[17,144046,428],{},[17,144048,437],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,144051,144052],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,144054,144055,144056,6823],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[45,144057,144058],{"href":129917},[17,144059,124507],{},[53,144061,144063,10773,144065,10773,144068],{"id":144062},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[17,144064,41833],{},[17,144066,144067],{},"lstrip()",[17,144069,144070],{},"rstrip()",[14,144072,144073],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[25,144075,144076,144081,144086],{},[28,144077,144078,144080],{},[17,144079,41833],{}," removes from both ends",[28,144082,144083,144085],{},[17,144084,144067],{}," removes from the left side only",[28,144087,144088,144090],{},[17,144089,144070],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,144092,222],{},[58,144094,144096],{"className":60,"code":144095,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[17,144097,144098,144110,144114,144132,144151],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,144099,144100,144102,144104,144106,144108],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,144101,34873],{"class":73},[67,144103,78],{"class":77},[67,144105,251],{"class":239},[67,144107,143343],{"class":243},[67,144109,3547],{"class":239},[67,144111,144112],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,144113,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,144115,144116,144118,144120,144122,144124,144126,144128,144130],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,144117,135],{"class":134},[67,144119,138],{"class":81},[67,144121,41959],{"class":134},[67,144123,138],{"class":81},[67,144125,34894],{"class":117},[67,144127,114],{"class":81},[67,144129,8821],{"class":117},[67,144131,6482],{"class":81},[67,144133,144134,144136,144138,144140,144142,144144,144146,144149],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,144135,135],{"class":134},[67,144137,138],{"class":81},[67,144139,41959],{"class":134},[67,144141,138],{"class":81},[67,144143,34894],{"class":117},[67,144145,114],{"class":81},[67,144147,144148],{"class":117},"lstrip",[67,144150,6482],{"class":81},[67,144152,144153,144155,144157,144159,144161,144163,144165,144168],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,144154,135],{"class":134},[67,144156,138],{"class":81},[67,144158,41959],{"class":134},[67,144160,138],{"class":81},[67,144162,34894],{"class":117},[67,144164,114],{"class":81},[67,144166,144167],{"class":117},"rstrip",[67,144169,6482],{"class":81},[14,144171,159],{},[58,144173,144175],{"className":60,"code":144174,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[17,144176,144177,144185,144194],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,144178,144179,144181,144183],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,144180,333],{"class":43508},[67,144182,4036],{"class":43512},[67,144184,29887],{"class":43508},[67,144186,144187,144189,144192],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,144188,333],{"class":43508},[67,144190,144191],{"class":43512},"hello  ",[67,144193,29887],{"class":43508},[67,144195,144196,144198,144201],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,144197,333],{"class":43508},[67,144199,144200],{"class":43512},"  hello",[67,144202,29887],{"class":43508},[14,144204,144205],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[53,144207,108344],{"id":108343},[14,144209,144210],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[25,144212,144213,144221,144231,144234],{},[28,144214,144215,144217,144218,144220],{},[17,144216,144036],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[17,144219,41709],{}," once",[28,144222,144223,144224,1550,144226,1553,144228,144230],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[17,144225,45],{},[17,144227,428],{},[17,144229,437],{}," from both ends",[28,144232,144233],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[28,144235,144236],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,144238,222],{},[58,144240,144242],{"className":60,"code":144241,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[17,144243,144244,144257],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,144245,144246,144248,144250,144252,144255],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,144247,126419],{"class":73},[67,144249,78],{"class":77},[67,144251,251],{"class":239},[67,144253,144254],{"class":243},"txt_report.txt",[67,144256,3547],{"class":239},[67,144258,144259,144261,144263,144265,144267,144269,144271,144273,144275,144277],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,144260,135],{"class":134},[67,144262,138],{"class":81},[67,144264,126437],{"class":117},[67,144266,114],{"class":81},[67,144268,8821],{"class":117},[67,144270,138],{"class":81},[67,144272,240],{"class":239},[67,144274,126472],{"class":243},[67,144276,240],{"class":239},[67,144278,1426],{"class":81},[14,144280,159],{},[58,144282,144284],{"className":60,"code":144283,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"_report\n",[17,144285,144286],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,144287,144288],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,144289,144283],{"class":73},[14,144291,144292,144293,1550,144295,1553,144297,144299],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[17,144294,114],{},[17,144296,63455],{},[17,144298,2361],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144301,53828,144302,4973,144305,144307],{},[17,144303,144304],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[3934,144306,4820],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144309,144310,144311,144315],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[45,144312,144313],{"href":129917},[17,144314,124507],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[53,144317,5151,144319],{"id":144318},"when-to-use-strip",[17,144320,41833],{},[14,144322,185,144323,144325],{},[17,144324,41833],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144327,36606],{},[25,144329,144330,144334,144336,144339],{},[28,144331,143652,144332,4077],{},[17,144333,3148],{},[28,144335,143657],{},[28,144337,144338],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[28,144340,144341],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144343,222],{},[58,144345,144347],{"className":60,"code":144346,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[17,144348,144349,144363,144367,144380],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,144350,144351,144354,144356,144358,144361],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,144352,144353],{"class":73},"email ",[67,144355,78],{"class":77},[67,144357,251],{"class":239},[67,144359,144360],{"class":243},"  user@example.com  ",[67,144362,3547],{"class":239},[67,144364,144365],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,144366,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,144368,144369,144371,144374,144376,144378],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,144370,1217],{"class":1167},[67,144372,144373],{"class":73}," email",[67,144375,114],{"class":81},[67,144377,8821],{"class":117},[67,144379,21784],{"class":81},[67,144381,144382,144384,144386,144388,144391,144393],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,144383,1228],{"class":134},[67,144385,138],{"class":81},[67,144387,240],{"class":239},[67,144389,144390],{"class":243},"Email was entered",[67,144392,240],{"class":239},[67,144394,144],{"class":81},[14,144396,159],{},[58,144398,144400],{"className":60,"code":144399,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Email was entered\n",[17,144401,144402],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,144403,144404],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,144405,144399],{"class":73},[14,144407,144408,144409,144411,144412,114],{},"You may also combine ",[17,144410,41833],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[45,144413,144414],{"href":124063},[17,144415,124066],{},[53,144417,1907],{"id":1906},[14,144419,84221],{},[25,144421,144422,144426,144431,144436],{},[28,144423,1930,144424,131556],{},[17,144425,41833],{},[28,144427,1930,144428,144430],{},[17,144429,41833],{}," to remove text from the middle",[28,144432,8604,144433,144435],{},[17,144434,144304],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[28,144437,4894,144438,144441],{},[17,144439,144440],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144443,144444],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[58,144446,144448],{"className":60,"code":144447,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[17,144449,144450,144464,144468,144478,144492,144506],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,144451,144452,144454,144456,144458,144460,144462],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,144453,34873],{"class":73},[67,144455,78],{"class":77},[67,144457,251],{"class":239},[67,144459,144200],{"class":243},[67,144461,87134],{"class":34638},[67,144463,3547],{"class":239},[67,144465,144466],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,144467,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,144469,144470,144472,144474,144476],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,144471,135],{"class":134},[67,144473,138],{"class":81},[67,144475,34894],{"class":117},[67,144477,144],{"class":81},[67,144479,144480,144482,144484,144486,144488,144490],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,144481,135],{"class":134},[67,144483,138],{"class":81},[67,144485,41959],{"class":134},[67,144487,138],{"class":81},[67,144489,34894],{"class":117},[67,144491,1426],{"class":81},[67,144493,144494,144496,144498,144500,144502,144504],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,144495,135],{"class":134},[67,144497,138],{"class":81},[67,144499,34894],{"class":117},[67,144501,114],{"class":81},[67,144503,8821],{"class":117},[67,144505,1239],{"class":81},[67,144507,144508,144510,144512,144514,144516,144518,144520,144522],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,144509,135],{"class":134},[67,144511,138],{"class":81},[67,144513,41959],{"class":134},[67,144515,138],{"class":81},[67,144517,34894],{"class":117},[67,144519,114],{"class":81},[67,144521,8821],{"class":117},[67,144523,6482],{"class":81},[14,144525,159],{},[58,144527,144529],{"className":60,"code":144528,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[17,144530,144531,144536,144540,144550,144554],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,144532,144533],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,144534,144535],{"class":73},"  hello\n",[67,144537,144538],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,144539,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,144541,144542,144544,144546,144548],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,144543,333],{"class":43508},[67,144545,144200],{"class":43512},[67,144547,87134],{"class":143877},[67,144549,29887],{"class":43508},[67,144551,144552],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,144553,138651],{"class":73},[67,144555,144556,144558,144560],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,144557,333],{"class":43508},[67,144559,4036],{"class":43512},[67,144561,29887],{"class":43508},[14,144563,144564],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[58,144566,144568],{"className":60,"code":144567,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[17,144569,144570,144580,144594,144608,144626],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,144571,144572,144574,144576,144578],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,144573,135],{"class":134},[67,144575,138],{"class":81},[67,144577,34894],{"class":117},[67,144579,144],{"class":81},[67,144581,144582,144584,144586,144588,144590,144592],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,144583,135],{"class":134},[67,144585,138],{"class":81},[67,144587,41959],{"class":134},[67,144589,138],{"class":81},[67,144591,34894],{"class":117},[67,144593,1426],{"class":81},[67,144595,144596,144598,144600,144602,144604,144606],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,144597,135],{"class":134},[67,144599,138],{"class":81},[67,144601,34894],{"class":117},[67,144603,114],{"class":81},[67,144605,8821],{"class":117},[67,144607,1239],{"class":81},[67,144609,144610,144612,144614,144616,144618,144620,144622,144624],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,144611,135],{"class":134},[67,144613,138],{"class":81},[67,144615,41959],{"class":134},[67,144617,138],{"class":81},[67,144619,34894],{"class":117},[67,144621,114],{"class":81},[67,144623,8821],{"class":117},[67,144625,6482],{"class":81},[67,144627,144628,144630,144632,144634,144636,144638],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,144629,32337],{"class":134},[67,144631,138],{"class":81},[67,144633,1526],{"class":362},[67,144635,114],{"class":81},[67,144637,8821],{"class":24938},[67,144639,144],{"class":81},[14,144641,144642,144644],{},[17,144643,122550],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[53,144646,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,144648,12894,144650,144652],{"id":144649},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[17,144651,41833],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144654,46543,144655,144657],{},[17,144656,41833],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1109,144659,12894,144661,124663],{"id":144660},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[17,144662,41833],{},[14,144664,144665],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1109,144667,5331,144669,144671],{"id":144668},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[17,144670,41833],{}," remove by default?",[14,144673,144674],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1109,144676,34390,144678,34393,144680,2681],{"id":144677},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[17,144679,41833],{},[17,144681,124507],{},[14,144683,144684,144686,144687,144689],{},[17,144685,41833],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[17,144688,124507],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1109,144691,144693],{"id":144692},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144695,128209,144696,144698,144699,144701],{},[17,144697,144067],{}," for the left side and ",[17,144700,144070],{}," for the right side.",[53,144703,2094],{"id":2093},[25,144705,144706,144712,144718,144723,144728],{},[28,144707,144708],{},[45,144709,126336,144710,946],{"href":124063},[17,144711,124066],{},[28,144713,144714],{},[45,144715,126336,144716,946],{"href":129917},[17,144717,124507],{},[28,144719,144720],{},[45,144721,144722],{"href":143804},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[28,144724,144725],{},[45,144726,144727],{"href":87787},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[28,144729,144730],{},[45,144731,125091],{"href":51153},[2122,144733,144734],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":144736},[144737,144738,144740,144744,144746,144747,144749,144750,144752,144753,144764],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":143389,"depth":103,"text":144739},"What strip() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352,"children":144741},[144742,144743],{"id":143512,"depth":124,"text":143504},{"id":143563,"depth":124,"text":143509},{"id":143637,"depth":103,"text":144745},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143903,"depth":103,"text":143904},{"id":144062,"depth":103,"text":144748},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108343,"depth":103,"text":108344},{"id":144318,"depth":103,"text":144751},"When to use strip()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":144754},[144755,144757,144759,144761,144763],{"id":144649,"depth":124,"text":144756},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144660,"depth":124,"text":144758},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144668,"depth":124,"text":144760},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144677,"depth":124,"text":144762},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144692,"depth":124,"text":144693},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143310,"description":144765},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144772,"title":144773,"body":144774,"description":145954,"extension":2153,"meta":145955,"navigation":127,"path":145956,"seo":145957,"stem":145958,"__hash__":145959},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144775,"toc":145924},[144776,144781,144786,144791,144793,144839,144847,144852,144866,144872,144874,144876,144891,144893,144903,144906,144937,144940,144963,144965,144968,145025,145027,145041,145043,145057,145063,145068,145071,145112,145114,145123,145131,145134,145179,145181,145190,145193,145197,145202,145216,145218,145250,145252,145272,145275,145280,145285,145287,145298,145301,145358,145360,145368,145377,145379,145381,145387,145389,145426,145428,145436,145438,145479,145481,145490,145495,145500,145502,145529,145536,145539,145570,145572,145581,145587,145596,145627,145629,145641,145654,145658,145663,145693,145695,145762,145764,145774,145776,145781,145784,145789,145794,145798,145804,145810,145813,145815,145873,145875,145883,145885,145921],[10,144777,123336,144779,11509],{"id":144778},"python-string-upper-method",[17,144780,128214],{},[14,144782,123341,144783,144785],{},[17,144784,128214],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144787,84598,144788,144790],{},[17,144789,128214],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[53,144792,56],{"id":55},[58,144794,144796],{"className":60,"code":144795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[17,144797,144798,144810,144824,144834],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,144799,144800,144802,144804,144806,144808],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,144801,34873],{"class":73},[67,144803,78],{"class":77},[67,144805,251],{"class":239},[67,144807,129055],{"class":243},[67,144809,3547],{"class":239},[67,144811,144812,144814,144816,144818,144820,144822],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,144813,2416],{"class":73},[67,144815,78],{"class":77},[67,144817,43021],{"class":73},[67,144819,114],{"class":81},[67,144821,34663],{"class":117},[67,144823,121],{"class":81},[67,144825,144826,144828,144830,144832],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,144827,135],{"class":134},[67,144829,138],{"class":81},[67,144831,2451],{"class":117},[67,144833,144],{"class":81},[67,144835,144836],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,144837,144838],{"class":3852},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144840,144841,144843,144844,144846],{},[17,144842,128214],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[3934,144845,4820],{}," change the original string in place.",[53,144848,3867,144850,3870],{"id":144849},"what-upper-does",[17,144851,128214],{},[25,144853,144854,144859,144862,144864],{},[28,144855,144856,144858],{},[17,144857,128214],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[28,144860,144861],{},"It works on string values only",[28,144863,133584],{},[28,144865,136302],{},[14,144867,125088,144868,3068,144870,114],{},[45,144869,136308],{"href":136307},[45,144871,125091],{"href":51153},[53,144873,352],{"id":351},[14,144875,2347],{},[58,144877,144879],{"className":60,"code":144878,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"string.upper()\n",[17,144880,144881],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,144882,144883,144885,144887,144889],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,144884,61343],{"class":73},[67,144886,114],{"class":81},[67,144888,34663],{"class":117},[67,144890,121],{"class":81},[14,144892,11646],{},[25,144894,144895,144897,144900],{},[28,144896,97509],{},[28,144898,144899],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[28,144901,144902],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144904,144905],{},"Example with a variable:",[58,144907,144909],{"className":60,"code":144908,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[17,144910,144911,144923],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,144912,144913,144915,144917,144919,144921],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,144914,8065],{"class":73},[67,144916,78],{"class":77},[67,144918,251],{"class":239},[67,144920,62],{"class":243},[67,144922,3547],{"class":239},[67,144924,144925,144927,144929,144931,144933,144935],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,144926,135],{"class":134},[67,144928,138],{"class":81},[67,144930,7860],{"class":117},[67,144932,114],{"class":81},[67,144934,34663],{"class":117},[67,144936,1239],{"class":81},[14,144938,144939],{},"Example with a string literal:",[58,144941,144943],{"className":60,"code":144942,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[17,144944,144945],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,144946,144947,144949,144951,144953,144955,144957,144959,144961],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,144948,135],{"class":134},[67,144950,138],{"class":81},[67,144952,240],{"class":239},[67,144954,4036],{"class":243},[67,144956,240],{"class":239},[67,144958,114],{"class":81},[67,144960,34663],{"class":117},[67,144962,1239],{"class":81},[53,144964,11663],{"id":11662},[14,144966,144967],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[58,144969,144971],{"className":60,"code":144970,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[17,144972,144973,144985,145000,145004,145014],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,144974,144975,144977,144979,144981,144983],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,144976,6346],{"class":73},[67,144978,78],{"class":77},[67,144980,251],{"class":239},[67,144982,698],{"class":243},[67,144984,3547],{"class":239},[67,144986,144987,144990,144992,144994,144996,144998],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,144988,144989],{"class":73},"uppercase_word ",[67,144991,78],{"class":77},[67,144993,38561],{"class":73},[67,144995,114],{"class":81},[67,144997,34663],{"class":117},[67,144999,121],{"class":81},[67,145001,145002],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,145003,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,145005,145006,145008,145010,145012],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,145007,135],{"class":134},[67,145009,138],{"class":81},[67,145011,38570],{"class":117},[67,145013,144],{"class":81},[67,145015,145016,145018,145020,145023],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,145017,135],{"class":134},[67,145019,138],{"class":81},[67,145021,145022],{"class":117},"uppercase_word",[67,145024,144],{"class":81},[14,145026,159],{},[58,145028,145030],{"className":60,"code":145029,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"banana\nBANANA\n",[17,145031,145032,145036],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145033,145034],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145035,780],{"class":73},[67,145037,145038],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,145039,145040],{"class":34638},"BANANA\n",[14,145042,112450],{},[25,145044,145045,145050],{},[28,145046,145047,145049],{},[17,145048,38570],{}," keeps its original value",[28,145051,145052,145054,145055],{},[17,145053,145022],{}," stores the returned value from ",[17,145056,128214],{},[53,145058,145060,145062],{"id":145059},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[17,145061,128214],{}," does not change the original string",[14,145064,136968,145065,145067],{},[3934,145066,136971],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,145069,145070],{},"So this method:",[58,145072,145074],{"className":60,"code":145073,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[17,145075,145076,145088,145098,145102],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145077,145078,145080,145082,145084,145086],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145079,8065],{"class":73},[67,145081,78],{"class":77},[67,145083,251],{"class":239},[67,145085,17990],{"class":243},[67,145087,3547],{"class":239},[67,145089,145090,145092,145094,145096],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,145091,7860],{"class":73},[67,145093,114],{"class":81},[67,145095,34663],{"class":117},[67,145097,121],{"class":81},[67,145099,145100],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,145101,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,145103,145104,145106,145108,145110],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,145105,135],{"class":134},[67,145107,138],{"class":81},[67,145109,7860],{"class":117},[67,145111,144],{"class":81},[14,145113,159],{},[58,145115,145117],{"className":60,"code":145116,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"alice\n",[17,145118,145119],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145120,145121],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145122,145116],{"class":73},[14,145124,21166,145125,145127,145128,145130],{},[17,145126,128214],{}," was called, ",[17,145129,7860],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,145132,145133],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[58,145135,145137],{"className":60,"code":145136,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[17,145138,145139,145151,145165,145169],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145140,145141,145143,145145,145147,145149],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145142,8065],{"class":73},[67,145144,78],{"class":77},[67,145146,251],{"class":239},[67,145148,17990],{"class":243},[67,145150,3547],{"class":239},[67,145152,145153,145155,145157,145159,145161,145163],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,145154,8065],{"class":73},[67,145156,78],{"class":77},[67,145158,36175],{"class":73},[67,145160,114],{"class":81},[67,145162,34663],{"class":117},[67,145164,121],{"class":81},[67,145166,145167],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,145168,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,145170,145171,145173,145175,145177],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,145172,135],{"class":134},[67,145174,138],{"class":81},[67,145176,7860],{"class":117},[67,145178,144],{"class":81},[14,145180,159],{},[58,145182,145184],{"className":60,"code":145183,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"ALICE\n",[17,145185,145186],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145187,145188],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145189,145183],{"class":34638},[14,145191,145192],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[53,145194,145196],{"id":145195},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,145198,145199,145201],{},[17,145200,128214],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[25,145203,145204,145207,145210,145213],{},[28,145205,145206],{},"Numbers stay the same",[28,145208,145209],{},"Spaces stay the same",[28,145211,145212],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[28,145214,145215],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,145217,222],{},[58,145219,145221],{"className":60,"code":145220,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[17,145222,145223,145236],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145224,145225,145227,145229,145231,145234],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145226,34873],{"class":73},[67,145228,78],{"class":77},[67,145230,251],{"class":239},[67,145232,145233],{"class":243},"Room 7, table #3!",[67,145235,3547],{"class":239},[67,145237,145238,145240,145242,145244,145246,145248],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,145239,135],{"class":134},[67,145241,138],{"class":81},[67,145243,34894],{"class":117},[67,145245,114],{"class":81},[67,145247,34663],{"class":117},[67,145249,1239],{"class":81},[14,145251,159],{},[58,145253,145255],{"className":60,"code":145254,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[17,145256,145257],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145258,145259,145262,145264,145266,145269],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145260,145261],{"class":34638},"ROOM",[67,145263,6185],{"class":85},[67,145265,89],{"class":81},[67,145267,145268],{"class":34638}," TABLE",[67,145270,145271],{"class":3852}," #3!\n",[14,145273,145274],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[53,145276,5151,145278],{"id":145277},"when-to-use-upper",[17,145279,128214],{},[14,145281,145282,145284],{},[17,145283,128214],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145286,48518],{},[25,145288,145289,145292,145295],{},[28,145290,145291],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[28,145293,145294],{},"Format labels or headings",[28,145296,145297],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145299,145300],{},"Example: simple comparison",[58,145302,145304],{"className":60,"code":145303,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[17,145305,145306,145318,145322,145344],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145307,145308,145310,145312,145314,145316],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145309,136579],{"class":73},[67,145311,78],{"class":77},[67,145313,251],{"class":239},[67,145315,8844],{"class":243},[67,145317,3547],{"class":239},[67,145319,145320],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,145321,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,145323,145324,145326,145328,145330,145332,145334,145336,145338,145340,145342],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,145325,1217],{"class":1167},[67,145327,136599],{"class":73},[67,145329,114],{"class":81},[67,145331,34663],{"class":117},[67,145333,7557],{"class":81},[67,145335,6600],{"class":77},[67,145337,251],{"class":239},[67,145339,136586],{"class":243},[67,145341,240],{"class":239},[67,145343,1223],{"class":81},[67,145345,145346,145348,145350,145352,145354,145356],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,145347,1228],{"class":134},[67,145349,138],{"class":81},[67,145351,240],{"class":239},[67,145353,143783],{"class":243},[67,145355,240],{"class":239},[67,145357,144],{"class":81},[14,145359,159],{},[58,145361,145362],{"className":60,"code":143792,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,145363,145364],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145365,145366],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145367,143792],{"class":73},[14,145369,145370,145371,1550,145373,1553,145375,114],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[17,145372,8844],{},[17,145374,137372],{},[17,145376,136586],{},[53,145378,1907],{"id":1906},[1109,145380,95870],{"id":95869},[14,145382,8304,145383,145386],{},[17,145384,145385],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145388,16831],{},[58,145390,145392],{"className":60,"code":145391,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[17,145393,145394,145406,145416],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145395,145396,145398,145400,145402,145404],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145397,34873],{"class":73},[67,145399,78],{"class":77},[67,145401,251],{"class":239},[67,145403,4036],{"class":243},[67,145405,3547],{"class":239},[67,145407,145408,145410,145412,145414],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,145409,34894],{"class":73},[67,145411,114],{"class":81},[67,145413,34663],{"class":117},[67,145415,121],{"class":81},[67,145417,145418,145420,145422,145424],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,145419,135],{"class":134},[67,145421,138],{"class":81},[67,145423,34894],{"class":117},[67,145425,144],{"class":81},[14,145427,159],{},[58,145429,145430],{"className":60,"code":138651,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,145431,145432],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145433,145434],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145435,138651],{"class":73},[14,145437,16843],{},[58,145439,145441],{"className":60,"code":145440,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[17,145442,145443,145455,145469],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145444,145445,145447,145449,145451,145453],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145446,34873],{"class":73},[67,145448,78],{"class":77},[67,145450,251],{"class":239},[67,145452,4036],{"class":243},[67,145454,3547],{"class":239},[67,145456,145457,145459,145461,145463,145465,145467],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,145458,34873],{"class":73},[67,145460,78],{"class":77},[67,145462,43021],{"class":73},[67,145464,114],{"class":81},[67,145466,34663],{"class":117},[67,145468,121],{"class":81},[67,145470,145471,145473,145475,145477],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,145472,135],{"class":134},[67,145474,138],{"class":81},[67,145476,34894],{"class":117},[67,145478,144],{"class":81},[14,145480,159],{},[58,145482,145484],{"className":60,"code":145483,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"HELLO\n",[17,145485,145486],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145487,145488],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145489,145483],{"class":34638},[1109,145491,19095,145493,137258],{"id":145492},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[17,145494,128214],{},[14,145496,145497,145499],{},[17,145498,128214],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145501,222],{},[58,145503,145505],{"className":60,"code":145504,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[17,145506,145507,145515],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145508,145509,145511,145513],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145510,2403],{"class":73},[67,145512,78],{"class":77},[67,145514,125018],{"class":85},[67,145516,145517,145519,145521,145523,145525,145527],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,145518,135],{"class":134},[67,145520,138],{"class":81},[67,145522,2426],{"class":117},[67,145524,114],{"class":81},[67,145526,34663],{"class":117},[67,145528,1239],{"class":81},[14,145530,39832,145531,145533,145534,33785],{},[17,145532,2376],{}," objects do not have an ",[17,145535,128214],{},[14,145537,145538],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[58,145540,145542],{"className":60,"code":145541,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[17,145543,145544,145552],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145545,145546,145548,145550],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145547,2403],{"class":73},[67,145549,78],{"class":77},[67,145551,125018],{"class":85},[67,145553,145554,145556,145558,145560,145562,145564,145566,145568],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,145555,135],{"class":134},[67,145557,138],{"class":81},[67,145559,1526],{"class":362},[67,145561,138],{"class":81},[67,145563,2426],{"class":117},[67,145565,8818],{"class":81},[67,145567,34663],{"class":117},[67,145569,1239],{"class":81},[14,145571,159],{},[58,145573,145575],{"className":60,"code":145574,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"123\n",[17,145576,145577],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145578,145579],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145580,145574],{"class":85},[1109,145582,1923,145584,145586],{"id":145583},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[17,145585,128214],{}," with title case",[14,145588,145589,145591,145592,145595],{},[17,145590,128214],{}," makes ",[3934,145593,145594],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[58,145597,145599],{"className":60,"code":145598,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[17,145600,145601,145613],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145602,145603,145605,145607,145609,145611],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145604,34873],{"class":73},[67,145606,78],{"class":77},[67,145608,251],{"class":239},[67,145610,60575],{"class":243},[67,145612,3547],{"class":239},[67,145614,145615,145617,145619,145621,145623,145625],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,145616,135],{"class":134},[67,145618,138],{"class":81},[67,145620,34894],{"class":117},[67,145622,114],{"class":81},[67,145624,34663],{"class":117},[67,145626,1239],{"class":81},[14,145628,159],{},[58,145630,145632],{"className":60,"code":145631,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"HELLO WORLD\n",[17,145633,145634],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145635,145636,145638],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145637,136360],{"class":34638},[67,145639,145640],{"class":34638}," WORLD\n",[14,145642,145643,145644,145648,145649,145653],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[45,145645,145646],{"href":124063},[17,145647,124066],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[45,145650,145651],{"href":129917},[17,145652,124507],{}," changes parts of a string.",[53,145655,145657],{"id":145656},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145659,145660,145661,1161],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[17,145662,128214],{},[25,145664,145665,145672,145679,145686],{},[28,145666,145667,145671],{},[45,145668,145669],{"href":124063},[17,145670,124066],{}," for lowercase text",[28,145673,145674,145678],{},[45,145675,145676],{"href":136906},[17,145677,41833],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[28,145680,145681,145685],{},[45,145682,145683],{"href":129917},[17,145684,124507],{}," for changing parts of a string",[28,145687,145688,961,145690,145692],{},[17,145689,127704],{},[17,145691,126394],{}," for checks",[14,145694,222],{},[58,145696,145698],{"className":60,"code":145697,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[17,145699,145700,145712,145716,145731,145747,145751],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145701,145702,145704,145706,145708,145710],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145703,34873],{"class":73},[67,145705,78],{"class":77},[67,145707,251],{"class":239},[67,145709,143434],{"class":243},[67,145711,3547],{"class":239},[67,145713,145714],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,145715,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,145717,145718,145721,145723,145725,145727,145729],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,145719,145720],{"class":73},"cleaned ",[67,145722,78],{"class":77},[67,145724,43021],{"class":73},[67,145726,114],{"class":81},[67,145728,8821],{"class":117},[67,145730,121],{"class":81},[67,145732,145733,145736,145738,145741,145743,145745],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,145734,145735],{"class":73},"loud ",[67,145737,78],{"class":77},[67,145739,145740],{"class":73}," cleaned",[67,145742,114],{"class":81},[67,145744,34663],{"class":117},[67,145746,121],{"class":81},[67,145748,145749],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,145750,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,145752,145753,145755,145757,145760],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,145754,135],{"class":134},[67,145756,138],{"class":81},[67,145758,145759],{"class":117},"loud",[67,145761,144],{"class":81},[14,145763,159],{},[58,145765,145766],{"className":60,"code":145631,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,145767,145768],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145769,145770,145772],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145771,136360],{"class":34638},[67,145773,145640],{"class":34638},[53,145775,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,145777,12894,145779,124663],{"id":145778},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[17,145780,128214],{},[14,145782,145783],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1109,145785,12894,145787,137640],{"id":145786},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[17,145788,128214],{},[14,145790,145791,145792,114],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[17,145793,145385],{},[1109,145795,145797],{"id":145796},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145799,145800,145801,145803],{},"They stay the same. ",[17,145802,128214],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1109,145805,28516,145807,145809],{"id":145806},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[17,145808,128214],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145811,145812],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145814,222],{},[58,145816,145818],{"className":60,"code":145817,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[17,145819,145820,145832,145845,145849],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145821,145822,145824,145826,145828,145830],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145823,2744],{"class":73},[67,145825,78],{"class":77},[67,145827,251],{"class":239},[67,145829,62],{"class":243},[67,145831,3547],{"class":239},[67,145833,145834,145836,145838,145840,145843],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,145835,2772],{"class":73},[67,145837,78],{"class":77},[67,145839,251],{"class":239},[67,145841,145842],{"class":243},"PYTHON",[67,145844,3547],{"class":239},[67,145846,145847],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,145848,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,145850,145851,145853,145855,145857,145859,145861,145863,145865,145867,145869,145871],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,145852,135],{"class":134},[67,145854,138],{"class":81},[67,145856,45],{"class":117},[67,145858,114],{"class":81},[67,145860,34663],{"class":117},[67,145862,7557],{"class":81},[67,145864,6600],{"class":77},[67,145866,2749],{"class":117},[67,145868,114],{"class":81},[67,145870,34663],{"class":117},[67,145872,1239],{"class":81},[14,145874,159],{},[58,145876,145877],{"className":60,"code":4170,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,145878,145879],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145880,145881],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145882,4170],{"class":4043},[53,145884,2094],{"id":2093},[25,145886,145887,145891,145897,145903,145909,145913,145917],{},[28,145888,145889],{},[45,145890,125091],{"href":51153},[28,145892,145893],{},[45,145894,126336,145895,946],{"href":124063},[17,145896,124066],{},[28,145898,145899],{},[45,145900,126336,145901,946],{"href":136906},[17,145902,41833],{},[28,145904,145905],{},[45,145906,126336,145907,946],{"href":129917},[17,145908,124507],{},[28,145910,145911],{},[45,145912,90664],{"href":89673},[28,145914,145915],{},[45,145916,124735],{"href":123591},[28,145918,145919],{},[45,145920,137726],{"href":136307},[2122,145922,145923],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":145925},[145926,145927,145929,145930,145931,145933,145934,145936,145943,145944,145953],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":144849,"depth":103,"text":145928},"What upper() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":145059,"depth":103,"text":145932},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145195,"depth":103,"text":145196},{"id":145277,"depth":103,"text":145935},"When to use upper()",{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":145937},[145938,145939,145941],{"id":95869,"depth":124,"text":95870},{"id":145492,"depth":124,"text":145940},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145583,"depth":124,"text":145942},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145656,"depth":103,"text":145657},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":145945},[145946,145948,145950,145951],{"id":145778,"depth":124,"text":145947},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145786,"depth":124,"text":145949},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145796,"depth":124,"text":145797},{"id":145806,"depth":124,"text":145952},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144773,"description":145954},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145961,"title":145962,"body":145963,"description":147840,"extension":2153,"meta":147841,"navigation":127,"path":147842,"seo":147843,"stem":147844,"__hash__":147845},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145964,"toc":147790},[145965,145971,145978,145984,145986,146042,146047,146052,146057,146060,146079,146082,146084,146108,146126,146137,146139,146142,146195,146197,146205,146207,146225,146230,146233,146290,146292,146301,146304,146324,146327,146333,146338,146340,146383,146385,146393,146396,146437,146439,146448,146454,146460,146487,146489,146497,146502,146506,146518,146561,146563,146571,146576,146582,146587,146591,146593,146636,146639,146686,146688,146697,146704,146708,146711,146757,146762,146766,146768,146811,146814,146822,146824,146829,146831,146833,146852,146855,146867,146869,146888,146890,146898,146902,146904,146955,146958,147033,147035,147043,147046,147050,147052,147099,147102,147173,147175,147183,147189,147191,147266,147270,147349,147351,147359,147365,147371,147376,147381,147430,147434,147505,147508,147513,147524,147527,147538,147548,147550,147555,147580,147585,147666,147668,147693,147695,147700,147703,147709,147718,147724,147727,147733,147739,147746,147749,147751,147787],[10,145966,3764,145968,3768],{"id":145967},"python-sum-function-explained",[17,145969,145970],{},"sum()",[14,145972,9309,145973,145975,145976,24952],{},[17,145974,145970],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[17,145977,60167],{},[14,145979,145980,145981,145983],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[17,145982,36256],{}," value and a few important limits.",[53,145985,56],{"id":55},[58,145987,145989],{"className":60,"code":145988,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[17,145990,145991,146015,146030],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,145992,145993,145995,145997,145999,146001,146003,146005,146007,146009,146011,146013],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,145994,74],{"class":73},[67,145996,78],{"class":77},[67,145998,82],{"class":81},[67,146000,464],{"class":85},[67,146002,89],{"class":81},[67,146004,3182],{"class":85},[67,146006,89],{"class":81},[67,146008,2639],{"class":85},[67,146010,89],{"class":81},[67,146012,2645],{"class":85},[67,146014,100],{"class":81},[67,146016,146017,146019,146021,146024,146026,146028],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,146018,41362],{"class":73},[67,146020,78],{"class":77},[67,146022,146023],{"class":134}," sum",[67,146025,138],{"class":81},[67,146027,154],{"class":117},[67,146029,144],{"class":81},[67,146031,146032,146034,146036,146038,146040],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,146033,135],{"class":134},[67,146035,138],{"class":81},[67,146037,41391],{"class":117},[67,146039,3849],{"class":81},[67,146041,26983],{"class":3852},[14,146043,185,146044,146046],{},[17,146045,145970],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[53,146048,3867,146050,3870],{"id":146049},"what-sum-does",[17,146051,145970],{},[14,146053,146054,146056],{},[17,146055,145970],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,146058,146059],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[25,146061,146062,146065,146068,146073],{},[28,146063,146064],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[28,146066,146067],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[28,146069,146070,146071],{},"Adding numbers from ",[17,146072,36380],{},[28,146074,146075,146076,146078],{},"Counting ",[17,146077,3793],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,146080,146081],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[53,146083,352],{"id":351},[58,146085,146087],{"className":60,"code":146086,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[17,146088,146089],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146090,146091,146094,146096,146098,146100,146102,146104,146106],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146092,146093],{"class":134},"sum",[67,146095,138],{"class":81},[67,146097,3911],{"class":117},[67,146099,89],{"class":81},[67,146101,36235],{"class":9362},[67,146103,78],{"class":77},[67,146105,1031],{"class":85},[67,146107,144],{"class":81},[25,146109,146110,146115,146120],{},[28,146111,146112,146114],{},[17,146113,3911],{}," is the group of values to add",[28,146116,146117,146119],{},[17,146118,36256],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[28,146121,146122,146123],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[17,146124,146125],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,146127,146128,146129,146132,146133,114],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146130,146131,3911],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[45,146134,146135,1531],{"href":36377},[17,146136,36380],{},[53,146138,11663],{"id":11662},[14,146140,146141],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[58,146143,146145],{"className":60,"code":146144,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[17,146146,146147,146167,146181,146185],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146148,146149,146151,146153,146155,146157,146159,146161,146163,146165],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146150,74],{"class":73},[67,146152,78],{"class":77},[67,146154,82],{"class":81},[67,146156,1308],{"class":85},[67,146158,89],{"class":81},[67,146160,6196],{"class":85},[67,146162,89],{"class":81},[67,146164,38116],{"class":85},[67,146166,100],{"class":81},[67,146168,146169,146171,146173,146175,146177,146179],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,146170,41362],{"class":73},[67,146172,78],{"class":77},[67,146174,146023],{"class":134},[67,146176,138],{"class":81},[67,146178,154],{"class":117},[67,146180,144],{"class":81},[67,146182,146183],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,146184,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,146186,146187,146189,146191,146193],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,146188,135],{"class":134},[67,146190,138],{"class":81},[67,146192,41391],{"class":117},[67,146194,144],{"class":81},[14,146196,159],{},[58,146198,146199],{"className":60,"code":169,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,146200,146201],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146202,146203],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146204,169],{"class":85},[14,146206,11872],{},[25,146208,146209,146214,146220],{},[28,146210,146211,146213],{},[17,146212,154],{}," contains three integers",[28,146215,146216,146219],{},[17,146217,146218],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[28,146221,146222,146223],{},"The result is stored in ",[17,146224,41391],{},[53,146226,36792,146228,8620],{"id":146227},"using-the-start-value",[17,146229,36256],{},[14,146231,146232],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[58,146234,146236],{"className":60,"code":146235,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[17,146237,146238,146258,146276,146280],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146239,146240,146242,146244,146246,146248,146250,146252,146254,146256],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146241,74],{"class":73},[67,146243,78],{"class":77},[67,146245,82],{"class":81},[67,146247,464],{"class":85},[67,146249,89],{"class":81},[67,146251,3182],{"class":85},[67,146253,89],{"class":81},[67,146255,2639],{"class":85},[67,146257,100],{"class":81},[67,146259,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268,146270,146272,146274],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,146261,41362],{"class":73},[67,146263,78],{"class":77},[67,146265,146023],{"class":134},[67,146267,138],{"class":81},[67,146269,154],{"class":117},[67,146271,89],{"class":81},[67,146273,6196],{"class":85},[67,146275,144],{"class":81},[67,146277,146278],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,146279,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,146281,146282,146284,146286,146288],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,146283,135],{"class":134},[67,146285,138],{"class":81},[67,146287,41391],{"class":117},[67,146289,144],{"class":81},[14,146291,159],{},[58,146293,146295],{"className":60,"code":146294,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"16\n",[17,146296,146297],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146298,146299],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146300,146294],{"class":85},[14,146302,146303],{},"This works like:",[25,146305,146306,146311,146316,146320],{},[28,146307,146308,146309],{},"Start at ",[17,146310,86],{},[28,146312,146313,146314],{},"Add ",[17,146315,464],{},[28,146317,146313,146318],{},[17,146319,2245],{},[28,146321,146313,146322],{},[17,146323,2251],{},[14,146325,146326],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[53,146328,3867,146330,146332],{"id":146329},"what-sum-can-work-with",[17,146331,145970],{}," can work with",[14,146334,146335,146337],{},[17,146336,145970],{}," works with numeric values.",[1109,146339,40604],{"id":40603},[58,146341,146343],{"className":60,"code":146342,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[17,146344,146345,146369],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146346,146347,146349,146351,146353,146355,146357,146359,146361,146363,146365,146367],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146348,4014],{"class":73},[67,146350,78],{"class":77},[67,146352,82],{"class":81},[67,146354,464],{"class":85},[67,146356,89],{"class":81},[67,146358,3182],{"class":85},[67,146360,89],{"class":81},[67,146362,2639],{"class":85},[67,146364,89],{"class":81},[67,146366,2645],{"class":85},[67,146368,100],{"class":81},[67,146370,146371,146373,146375,146377,146379,146381],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,146372,135],{"class":134},[67,146374,138],{"class":81},[67,146376,146093],{"class":134},[67,146378,138],{"class":81},[67,146380,5549],{"class":117},[67,146382,1426],{"class":81},[14,146384,159],{},[58,146386,146387],{"className":60,"code":2563,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,146388,146389],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146390,146391],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146392,2563],{"class":85},[1109,146394,146395],{"id":52223},"Floats",[58,146397,146399],{"className":60,"code":146398,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[17,146400,146401,146423],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146402,146403,146405,146407,146409,146411,146413,146416,146418,146421],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146404,83029],{"class":73},[67,146406,78],{"class":77},[67,146408,82],{"class":81},[67,146410,41338],{"class":85},[67,146412,89],{"class":81},[67,146414,146415],{"class":85}," 3.75",[67,146417,89],{"class":81},[67,146419,146420],{"class":85}," 1.25",[67,146422,100],{"class":81},[67,146424,146425,146427,146429,146431,146433,146435],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,146426,135],{"class":134},[67,146428,138],{"class":81},[67,146430,146093],{"class":134},[67,146432,138],{"class":81},[67,146434,83065],{"class":117},[67,146436,1426],{"class":81},[14,146438,159],{},[58,146440,146442],{"className":60,"code":146441,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"7.5\n",[17,146443,146444],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146445,146446],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146447,146441],{"class":85},[14,146449,146450,146451,114],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[45,146452,146453],{"href":2606},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1109,146455,146457,146458],{"id":146456},"values-from-range","Values from ",[17,146459,36380],{},[58,146461,146463],{"className":60,"code":146462,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[17,146464,146465],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146466,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483,146485],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146468,135],{"class":134},[67,146470,138],{"class":81},[67,146472,146093],{"class":134},[67,146474,138],{"class":81},[67,146476,60167],{"class":134},[67,146478,138],{"class":81},[67,146480,464],{"class":85},[67,146482,89],{"class":81},[67,146484,37823],{"class":85},[67,146486,3102],{"class":81},[14,146488,159],{},[58,146490,146491],{"className":60,"code":47219,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,146492,146493],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146494,146495],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146496,47219],{"class":85},[14,146498,113540,146499,114],{},[17,146500,146501],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1109,146503,146505],{"id":146504},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146507,146508,146509,146511,146512,961,146514,146511,146516,114],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[17,146510,3793],{}," acts like ",[17,146513,464],{},[17,146515,3863],{},[17,146517,1031],{},[58,146519,146521],{"className":60,"code":146520,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[17,146522,146523,146547],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146524,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541,146543,146545],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146526,52143],{"class":73},[67,146528,78],{"class":77},[67,146530,82],{"class":81},[67,146532,3793],{"class":4043},[67,146534,89],{"class":81},[67,146536,4097],{"class":4043},[67,146538,89],{"class":81},[67,146540,4106],{"class":4043},[67,146542,89],{"class":81},[67,146544,4106],{"class":4043},[67,146546,100],{"class":81},[67,146548,146549,146551,146553,146555,146557,146559],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,146550,135],{"class":134},[67,146552,138],{"class":81},[67,146554,146093],{"class":134},[67,146556,138],{"class":81},[67,146558,52196],{"class":117},[67,146560,1426],{"class":81},[14,146562,159],{},[58,146564,146565],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,146566,146567],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146568,146569],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146570,46795],{"class":85},[14,146572,146573,146574,114],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[17,146575,3793],{},[53,146577,3867,146579,146581],{"id":146578},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[17,146580,145970],{}," does not work with",[14,146583,146584,146586],{},[17,146585,145970],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1109,146588,146590],{"id":146589},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146592,3026],{},[58,146594,146596],{"className":60,"code":146595,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[17,146597,146598,146622],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146599,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146601,4261],{"class":73},[67,146603,78],{"class":77},[67,146605,82],{"class":81},[67,146607,240],{"class":239},[67,146609,4036],{"class":243},[67,146611,240],{"class":239},[67,146613,89],{"class":81},[67,146615,251],{"class":239},[67,146617,60760],{"class":243},[67,146619,240],{"class":239},[67,146621,100],{"class":81},[67,146623,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,146625,135],{"class":134},[67,146627,138],{"class":81},[67,146629,146093],{"class":134},[67,146631,138],{"class":81},[67,146633,4302],{"class":117},[67,146635,1426],{"class":81},[14,146637,146638],{},"Use string joining instead:",[58,146640,146642],{"className":60,"code":146641,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[17,146643,146644,146668],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146645,146646,146648,146650,146652,146654,146656,146658,146660,146662,146664,146666],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146647,4261],{"class":73},[67,146649,78],{"class":77},[67,146651,82],{"class":81},[67,146653,240],{"class":239},[67,146655,4036],{"class":243},[67,146657,240],{"class":239},[67,146659,89],{"class":81},[67,146661,251],{"class":239},[67,146663,60760],{"class":243},[67,146665,240],{"class":239},[67,146667,100],{"class":81},[67,146669,146670,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680,146682,146684],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,146671,135],{"class":134},[67,146673,138],{"class":81},[67,146675,6464],{"class":239},[67,146677,114],{"class":81},[67,146679,133495],{"class":117},[67,146681,138],{"class":81},[67,146683,4302],{"class":117},[67,146685,1426],{"class":81},[14,146687,159],{},[58,146689,146691],{"className":60,"code":146690,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"helloworld\n",[17,146692,146693],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146694,146695],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146696,146690],{"class":73},[14,146698,146699,146700,114],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[45,146701,146702,5975],{"href":42355},[17,146703,47862],{},[1109,146705,146707],{"id":146706},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146709,146710],{},"This also causes an error:",[58,146712,146714],{"className":60,"code":146713,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[17,146715,146716,146743],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146717,146718,146721,146723,146725,146727,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737,146739,146741],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146719,146720],{"class":73},"lists ",[67,146722,78],{"class":77},[67,146724,56463],{"class":81},[67,146726,464],{"class":85},[67,146728,89],{"class":81},[67,146730,3182],{"class":85},[67,146732,18249],{"class":81},[67,146734,82],{"class":81},[67,146736,2251],{"class":85},[67,146738,89],{"class":81},[67,146740,2645],{"class":85},[67,146742,53417],{"class":81},[67,146744,146745,146747,146749,146751,146753,146755],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,146746,135],{"class":134},[67,146748,138],{"class":81},[67,146750,146093],{"class":134},[67,146752,138],{"class":81},[67,146754,5490],{"class":117},[67,146756,1426],{"class":81},[14,146758,146759,146761],{},[17,146760,145970],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1109,146763,146765],{"id":146764},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146767,5663],{},[58,146769,146771],{"className":60,"code":146770,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[17,146772,146773,146797],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146774,146775,146777,146779,146781,146783,146785,146787,146789,146791,146793,146795],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146776,4014],{"class":73},[67,146778,78],{"class":77},[67,146780,82],{"class":81},[67,146782,464],{"class":85},[67,146784,89],{"class":81},[67,146786,3182],{"class":85},[67,146788,89],{"class":81},[67,146790,251],{"class":239},[67,146792,2251],{"class":243},[67,146794,240],{"class":239},[67,146796,100],{"class":81},[67,146798,146799,146801,146803,146805,146807,146809],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,146800,135],{"class":134},[67,146802,138],{"class":81},[67,146804,146093],{"class":134},[67,146806,138],{"class":81},[67,146808,5549],{"class":117},[67,146810,1426],{"class":81},[14,146812,146813],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146815,146816,146817,146819,146820,114],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[17,146818,66112],{},", convert them first. See ",[45,146821,3153],{"href":3152},[53,146823,41684],{"id":41683},[14,146825,146826,146827,114],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[17,146828,145970],{},[1109,146830,6716],{"id":6715},[14,146832,4714],{},[58,146834,146836],{"className":60,"code":146835,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(sum(5))\n",[17,146837,146838],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146839,146840,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146841,135],{"class":134},[67,146843,138],{"class":81},[67,146845,146093],{"class":134},[67,146847,138],{"class":81},[67,146849,1308],{"class":85},[67,146851,1426],{"class":81},[14,146853,146854],{},"Why it fails:",[25,146856,146857,146862],{},[28,146858,146859,146861],{},[17,146860,1308],{}," is a single integer",[28,146863,146864,146866],{},[17,146865,145970],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146868,6746],{},[58,146870,146872],{"className":60,"code":146871,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(sum([5]))\n",[17,146873,146874],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146875,146876,146878,146880,146882,146884,146886],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146877,135],{"class":134},[67,146879,138],{"class":81},[67,146881,146093],{"class":134},[67,146883,370],{"class":81},[67,146885,1308],{"class":85},[67,146887,3189],{"class":81},[14,146889,159],{},[58,146891,146892],{"className":60,"code":3137,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,146893,146894],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146895,146896],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146897,3137],{"class":85},[1109,146899,146901],{"id":146900},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146903,4714],{},[58,146905,146907],{"className":60,"code":146906,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[17,146908,146909,146941],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146910,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927,146929,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146912,4014],{"class":73},[67,146914,78],{"class":77},[67,146916,82],{"class":81},[67,146918,240],{"class":239},[67,146920,464],{"class":243},[67,146922,240],{"class":239},[67,146924,89],{"class":81},[67,146926,251],{"class":239},[67,146928,2245],{"class":243},[67,146930,240],{"class":239},[67,146932,89],{"class":81},[67,146934,251],{"class":239},[67,146936,2251],{"class":243},[67,146938,240],{"class":239},[67,146940,100],{"class":81},[67,146942,146943,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,146944,135],{"class":134},[67,146946,138],{"class":81},[67,146948,146093],{"class":134},[67,146950,138],{"class":81},[67,146952,5549],{"class":117},[67,146954,1426],{"class":81},[14,146956,146957],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[58,146959,146961],{"className":60,"code":146960,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[17,146962,146963,146995,147023],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,146964,146965,146967,146969,146971,146973,146975,146977,146979,146981,146983,146985,146987,146989,146991,146993],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,146966,4014],{"class":73},[67,146968,78],{"class":77},[67,146970,82],{"class":81},[67,146972,240],{"class":239},[67,146974,464],{"class":243},[67,146976,240],{"class":239},[67,146978,89],{"class":81},[67,146980,251],{"class":239},[67,146982,2245],{"class":243},[67,146984,240],{"class":239},[67,146986,89],{"class":81},[67,146988,251],{"class":239},[67,146990,2251],{"class":243},[67,146992,240],{"class":239},[67,146994,100],{"class":81},[67,146996,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,146998,41362],{"class":73},[67,147000,78],{"class":77},[67,147002,146023],{"class":134},[67,147004,138],{"class":81},[67,147006,2376],{"class":362},[67,147008,138],{"class":81},[67,147010,2361],{"class":117},[67,147012,3849],{"class":81},[67,147014,4068],{"class":1167},[67,147016,4071],{"class":117},[67,147018,4074],{"class":1167},[67,147020,4077],{"class":117},[67,147022,144],{"class":81},[67,147024,147025,147027,147029,147031],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,147026,135],{"class":134},[67,147028,138],{"class":81},[67,147030,41391],{"class":117},[67,147032,144],{"class":81},[14,147034,159],{},[58,147036,147037],{"className":60,"code":2845,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,147038,147039],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,147040,147041],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,147042,2845],{"class":85},[14,147044,147045],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1109,147047,147049],{"id":147048},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,147051,4714],{},[58,147053,147055],{"className":60,"code":147054,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[17,147056,147057,147085],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,147058,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,147060,4014],{"class":73},[67,147062,78],{"class":77},[67,147064,82],{"class":81},[67,147066,464],{"class":85},[67,147068,89],{"class":81},[67,147070,3182],{"class":85},[67,147072,89],{"class":81},[67,147074,251],{"class":239},[67,147076,2251],{"class":243},[67,147078,240],{"class":239},[67,147080,89],{"class":81},[67,147082,2645],{"class":85},[67,147084,100],{"class":81},[67,147086,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,147088,135],{"class":134},[67,147090,138],{"class":81},[67,147092,146093],{"class":134},[67,147094,138],{"class":81},[67,147096,5549],{"class":117},[67,147098,1426],{"class":81},[14,147100,147101],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[58,147103,147105],{"className":60,"code":147104,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[17,147106,147107,147135,147163],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,147108,147109,147111,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121,147123,147125,147127,147129,147131,147133],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,147110,4014],{"class":73},[67,147112,78],{"class":77},[67,147114,82],{"class":81},[67,147116,464],{"class":85},[67,147118,89],{"class":81},[67,147120,3182],{"class":85},[67,147122,89],{"class":81},[67,147124,251],{"class":239},[67,147126,2251],{"class":243},[67,147128,240],{"class":239},[67,147130,89],{"class":81},[67,147132,2645],{"class":85},[67,147134,100],{"class":81},[67,147136,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,147138,41362],{"class":73},[67,147140,78],{"class":77},[67,147142,146023],{"class":134},[67,147144,138],{"class":81},[67,147146,2376],{"class":362},[67,147148,138],{"class":81},[67,147150,2361],{"class":117},[67,147152,3849],{"class":81},[67,147154,4068],{"class":1167},[67,147156,4071],{"class":117},[67,147158,4074],{"class":1167},[67,147160,4077],{"class":117},[67,147162,144],{"class":81},[67,147164,147165,147167,147169,147171],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,147166,135],{"class":134},[67,147168,138],{"class":81},[67,147170,41391],{"class":117},[67,147172,144],{"class":81},[14,147174,159],{},[58,147176,147177],{"className":60,"code":2563,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,147178,147179],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,147180,147181],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,147182,2563],{"class":85},[1109,147184,8604,147186,147188],{"id":147185},"using-sum-to-join-text",[17,147187,145970],{}," to join text",[14,147190,4714],{},[58,147192,147194],{"className":60,"code":147193,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[17,147195,147196,147252],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,147197,147198,147200,147202,147204,147206,147208,147210,147212,147214,147216,147218,147220,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,147199,411],{"class":73},[67,147201,78],{"class":77},[67,147203,82],{"class":81},[67,147205,240],{"class":239},[67,147207,134094],{"class":243},[67,147209,240],{"class":239},[67,147211,89],{"class":81},[67,147213,251],{"class":239},[67,147215,11934],{"class":243},[67,147217,240],{"class":239},[67,147219,89],{"class":81},[67,147221,251],{"class":239},[67,147223,63455],{"class":243},[67,147225,240],{"class":239},[67,147227,89],{"class":81},[67,147229,251],{"class":239},[67,147231,60607],{"class":243},[67,147233,240],{"class":239},[67,147235,89],{"class":81},[67,147237,251],{"class":239},[67,147239,60642],{"class":243},[67,147241,240],{"class":239},[67,147243,89],{"class":81},[67,147245,251],{"class":239},[67,147247,76011],{"class":243},[67,147249,240],{"class":239},[67,147251,100],{"class":81},[67,147253,147254,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,147255,135],{"class":134},[67,147257,138],{"class":81},[67,147259,146093],{"class":134},[67,147261,138],{"class":81},[67,147263,490],{"class":117},[67,147265,1426],{"class":81},[14,147267,185,147268,60701],{},[17,147269,133418],{},[58,147271,147273],{"className":60,"code":147272,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[17,147274,147275,147331],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,147276,147277,147279,147281,147283,147285,147287,147289,147291,147293,147295,147297,147299,147301,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311,147313,147315,147317,147319,147321,147323,147325,147327,147329],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,147278,411],{"class":73},[67,147280,78],{"class":77},[67,147282,82],{"class":81},[67,147284,240],{"class":239},[67,147286,134094],{"class":243},[67,147288,240],{"class":239},[67,147290,89],{"class":81},[67,147292,251],{"class":239},[67,147294,11934],{"class":243},[67,147296,240],{"class":239},[67,147298,89],{"class":81},[67,147300,251],{"class":239},[67,147302,63455],{"class":243},[67,147304,240],{"class":239},[67,147306,89],{"class":81},[67,147308,251],{"class":239},[67,147310,60607],{"class":243},[67,147312,240],{"class":239},[67,147314,89],{"class":81},[67,147316,251],{"class":239},[67,147318,60642],{"class":243},[67,147320,240],{"class":239},[67,147322,89],{"class":81},[67,147324,251],{"class":239},[67,147326,76011],{"class":243},[67,147328,240],{"class":239},[67,147330,100],{"class":81},[67,147332,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341,147343,147345,147347],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,147334,135],{"class":134},[67,147336,138],{"class":81},[67,147338,6464],{"class":239},[67,147340,114],{"class":81},[67,147342,133495],{"class":117},[67,147344,138],{"class":81},[67,147346,490],{"class":117},[67,147348,1426],{"class":81},[14,147350,159],{},[58,147352,147353],{"className":60,"code":134175,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,147354,147355],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,147356,147357],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,147358,134175],{"class":73},[14,147360,147361,147362,114],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[45,147363,147364],{"href":135256},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[53,147366,147368,147370],{"id":147367},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[17,147369,145970],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147372,147373,147375],{},[17,147374,145970],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1109,147377,8604,147379],{"id":147378},"using-sum",[17,147380,145970],{},[58,147382,147384],{"className":60,"code":147383,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[17,147385,147386,147406,147420],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,147387,147388,147390,147392,147394,147396,147398,147400,147402,147404],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,147389,74],{"class":73},[67,147391,78],{"class":77},[67,147393,82],{"class":81},[67,147395,2694],{"class":85},[67,147397,89],{"class":81},[67,147399,6185],{"class":85},[67,147401,89],{"class":81},[67,147403,54311],{"class":85},[67,147405,100],{"class":81},[67,147407,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,147409,41362],{"class":73},[67,147411,78],{"class":77},[67,147413,146023],{"class":134},[67,147415,138],{"class":81},[67,147417,154],{"class":117},[67,147419,144],{"class":81},[67,147421,147422,147424,147426,147428],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,147423,135],{"class":134},[67,147425,138],{"class":81},[67,147427,41391],{"class":117},[67,147429,144],{"class":81},[1109,147431,147433],{"id":147432},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[58,147435,147437],{"className":60,"code":147436,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[17,147438,147439,147459,147467,147471,147483,147491,147495],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,147440,147441,147443,147445,147447,147449,147451,147453,147455,147457],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,147442,74],{"class":73},[67,147444,78],{"class":77},[67,147446,82],{"class":81},[67,147448,2694],{"class":85},[67,147450,89],{"class":81},[67,147452,6185],{"class":85},[67,147454,89],{"class":81},[67,147456,54311],{"class":85},[67,147458,100],{"class":81},[67,147460,147461,147463,147465],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,147462,41362],{"class":73},[67,147464,78],{"class":77},[67,147466,38692],{"class":85},[67,147468,147469],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,147470,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,147472,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,147474,6150],{"class":1167},[67,147476,6579],{"class":73},[67,147478,4074],{"class":1167},[67,147480,111],{"class":73},[67,147482,1223],{"class":81},[67,147484,147485,147487,147489],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,147486,90088],{"class":73},[67,147488,90091],{"class":77},[67,147490,90094],{"class":73},[67,147492,147493],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,147494,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,147496,147497,147499,147501,147503],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,147498,135],{"class":134},[67,147500,138],{"class":81},[67,147502,41391],{"class":117},[67,147504,144],{"class":81},[14,147506,147507],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147509,2677,147510,147512],{},[17,147511,145970],{}," is often better:",[25,147514,147515,147518,147521],{},[28,147516,147517],{},"Shorter code",[28,147519,147520],{},"Easier to read",[28,147522,147523],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147525,147526],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[25,147528,147529,147532,147535],{},[28,147530,147531],{},"You need to skip some values",[28,147533,147534],{},"You need extra checks",[28,147536,147537],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147539,147540,147541,147544,147545,147547],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[45,147542,147543],{"href":40187},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[17,147546,145970],{}," on the filtered result.",[53,147549,1907],{"id":1906},[14,147551,147552,147553,1161],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[17,147554,145970],{},[25,147556,147557,147563,147570,147577],{},[28,147558,147559,147560],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[17,147561,147562],{},"sum(5)",[28,147564,147565,147566,147569],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[17,147567,147568],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[28,147571,8604,147572,147574,147575],{},[17,147573,145970],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[17,147576,133418],{},[28,147578,147579],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147581,9061,147582,147584],{},[17,147583,145970],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[58,147586,147588],{"className":60,"code":147587,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[17,147589,147590,147600,147614,147638],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,147591,147592,147594,147596,147598],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,147593,135],{"class":134},[67,147595,138],{"class":81},[67,147597,5549],{"class":117},[67,147599,144],{"class":81},[67,147601,147602,147604,147606,147608,147610,147612],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,147603,135],{"class":134},[67,147605,138],{"class":81},[67,147607,2011],{"class":362},[67,147609,138],{"class":81},[67,147611,5549],{"class":117},[67,147613,1426],{"class":81},[67,147615,147616,147618,147620,147622,147624,147626,147628,147630,147632,147634,147636],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,147617,135],{"class":134},[67,147619,370],{"class":81},[67,147621,2011],{"class":362},[67,147623,138],{"class":81},[67,147625,2361],{"class":117},[67,147627,3849],{"class":81},[67,147629,4068],{"class":1167},[67,147631,4071],{"class":117},[67,147633,4074],{"class":1167},[67,147635,4077],{"class":117},[67,147637,376],{"class":81},[67,147639,147640,147642,147644,147646,147648,147650,147652,147654,147656,147658,147660,147662,147664],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,147641,135],{"class":134},[67,147643,138],{"class":81},[67,147645,146093],{"class":134},[67,147647,370],{"class":81},[67,147649,2376],{"class":362},[67,147651,138],{"class":81},[67,147653,2361],{"class":117},[67,147655,3849],{"class":81},[67,147657,4068],{"class":1167},[67,147659,4071],{"class":117},[67,147661,4074],{"class":1167},[67,147663,4077],{"class":117},[67,147665,3189],{"class":81},[14,147667,135989],{},[25,147669,147670,147676,147682,147687],{},[28,147671,147672,147675],{},[17,147673,147674],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[28,147677,147678,147681],{},[17,147679,147680],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[28,147683,147684,136011],{},[17,147685,147686],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[28,147688,147689,147692],{},[17,147690,147691],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[53,147694,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,147696,5331,147698,5334],{"id":147697},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[17,147699,145970],{},[14,147701,147702],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1109,147704,5359,147706,147708],{"id":147705},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[17,147707,145970],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147710,30454,147711,3068,147714,147717],{},[17,147712,147713],{},"''.join(...)",[17,147715,147716],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1109,147719,5359,147721,147723],{"id":147720},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[17,147722,145970],{}," work with floats?",[14,147725,147726],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1109,147728,147730,147731,2681],{"id":147729},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[17,147732,145970],{},[14,147734,147735,147736,147738],{},"It is the optional ",[17,147737,36256],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1109,147740,5347,147742,119374,147744,2681],{"id":147741},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[17,147743,145970],{},[17,147745,1519],{},[14,147747,147748],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[53,147750,2094],{"id":2093},[25,147752,147753,147757,147763,147769,147775,147779,147783],{},[28,147754,147755],{},[45,147756,146453],{"href":2606},[28,147758,147759],{},[45,147760,3764,147761,3697],{"href":36377},[17,147762,36380],{},[28,147764,147765],{},[45,147766,3764,147767,3697],{"href":42538},[17,147768,1339],{},[28,147770,147771],{},[45,147772,3764,147773,3697],{"href":42355},[17,147774,47862],{},[28,147776,147777],{},[45,147778,5411],{"href":40187},[28,147780,147781],{},[45,147782,3714],{"href":3152},[28,147784,147785],{},[45,147786,147364],{"href":135256},[2122,147788,147789],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":147791},[147792,147793,147795,147796,147797,147799,147807,147813,147820,147826,147827,147839],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":146049,"depth":103,"text":147794},"What sum() does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":146227,"depth":103,"text":147798},"Using the start value",{"id":146329,"depth":103,"text":147800,"children":147801},"What sum() can work with",[147802,147803,147804,147806],{"id":40603,"depth":124,"text":40604},{"id":52223,"depth":124,"text":146395},{"id":146456,"depth":124,"text":147805},"Values from range()",{"id":146504,"depth":124,"text":146505},{"id":146578,"depth":103,"text":147808,"children":147809},"What sum() does not work with",[147810,147811,147812],{"id":146589,"depth":124,"text":146590},{"id":146706,"depth":124,"text":146707},{"id":146764,"depth":124,"text":146765},{"id":41683,"depth":103,"text":41684,"children":147814},[147815,147816,147817,147818],{"id":6715,"depth":124,"text":6716},{"id":146900,"depth":124,"text":146901},{"id":147048,"depth":124,"text":147049},{"id":147185,"depth":124,"text":147819},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147367,"depth":103,"text":147821,"children":147822},"sum() vs manual loop",[147823,147825],{"id":147378,"depth":124,"text":147824},"Using sum()",{"id":147432,"depth":124,"text":147433},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":147828},[147829,147831,147833,147835,147837],{"id":147697,"depth":124,"text":147830},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147705,"depth":124,"text":147832},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147720,"depth":124,"text":147834},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147729,"depth":124,"text":147836},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147741,"depth":124,"text":147838},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145962,"description":147840},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147847,"title":147848,"body":147849,"description":149251,"extension":2153,"meta":149252,"navigation":127,"path":149253,"seo":149254,"stem":149255,"__hash__":149256},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147850,"toc":149219},[147851,147857,147863,147866,147929,147935,147940,147944,147961,147975,147979,147999,148013,148015,148108,148110,148124,148126,148129,148218,148220,148228,148237,148239,148243,148264,148266,148358,148360,148381,148383,148387,148401,148403,148477,148479,148498,148502,148505,148528,148530,148641,148648,148656,148658,148664,148667,148710,148713,148736,148744,148748,148823,148829,148854,148861,148864,148867,148871,148876,148964,148972,148976,148979,149004,149008,149069,149073,149122,149132,149134,149139,149142,149148,149151,149155,149159,149165,149168,149176,149184,149186,149216],[10,147852,147854,147855,11509],{"id":147853},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[17,147856,57459],{},[14,147858,147859,147862],{},[17,147860,147861],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147864,147865],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[58,147867,147869],{"className":60,"code":147868,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[17,147870,147871,147899,147917],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,147872,147873,147875,147877,147879,147881,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,147874,74],{"class":73},[67,147876,78],{"class":77},[67,147878,9423],{"class":81},[67,147880,464],{"class":85},[67,147882,89],{"class":81},[67,147884,3182],{"class":85},[67,147886,89],{"class":81},[67,147888,3182],{"class":85},[67,147890,89],{"class":81},[67,147892,2639],{"class":85},[67,147894,89],{"class":81},[67,147896,3182],{"class":85},[67,147898,144],{"class":81},[67,147900,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,147902,2416],{"class":73},[67,147904,78],{"class":77},[67,147906,111],{"class":73},[67,147908,114],{"class":81},[67,147910,41439],{"class":117},[67,147912,138],{"class":81},[67,147914,2245],{"class":85},[67,147916,144],{"class":81},[67,147918,147919,147921,147923,147925,147927],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,147920,135],{"class":134},[67,147922,138],{"class":81},[67,147924,2451],{"class":117},[67,147926,3849],{"class":81},[67,147928,50948],{"class":3852},[14,147930,185,147931,147934],{},[17,147932,147933],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[53,147936,3867,147938,3870],{"id":147937},"what-tuplecount-does",[17,147939,147861],{},[14,147941,147942,1161],{},[17,147943,147933],{},[25,147945,147946,147952,147955,147958],{},[28,147947,147948,147949,147951],{},"Returns the number of times ",[17,147950,2661],{}," appears in the tuple",[28,147953,147954],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[28,147956,147957],{},"Returns an integer",[28,147959,147960],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,147962,147963,147964,147966,147967,3068,147971,114],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[17,147965,57459],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[45,147968,147970],{"href":147969},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[45,147972,147974],{"href":147973},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[53,147976,147978],{"id":147977},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[58,147980,147982],{"className":60,"code":147981,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[17,147983,147984],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,147985,147986,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,147987,147988],{"class":73},"my_tuple",[67,147990,114],{"class":81},[67,147992,41439],{"class":117},[67,147994,138],{"class":81},[67,147996,2661],{"class":117},[67,147998,144],{"class":81},[25,148000,148001,148005,148008],{},[28,148002,148003,57624],{},[17,148004,2661],{},[28,148006,148007],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[28,148009,148010,148011],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[17,148012,1031],{},[1109,148014,103089],{"id":103088},[58,148016,148018],{"className":60,"code":148017,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[17,148019,148020,148060,148084],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,148021,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054,148056,148058],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,148023,232],{"class":73},[67,148025,78],{"class":77},[67,148027,9423],{"class":81},[67,148029,240],{"class":239},[67,148031,244],{"class":243},[67,148033,240],{"class":239},[67,148035,89],{"class":81},[67,148037,251],{"class":239},[67,148039,263],{"class":243},[67,148041,240],{"class":239},[67,148043,89],{"class":81},[67,148045,251],{"class":239},[67,148047,244],{"class":243},[67,148049,240],{"class":239},[67,148051,89],{"class":81},[67,148053,251],{"class":239},[67,148055,254],{"class":243},[67,148057,240],{"class":239},[67,148059,144],{"class":81},[67,148061,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078,148080,148082],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,148063,135],{"class":134},[67,148065,138],{"class":81},[67,148067,312],{"class":117},[67,148069,114],{"class":81},[67,148071,41439],{"class":117},[67,148073,138],{"class":81},[67,148075,240],{"class":239},[67,148077,244],{"class":243},[67,148079,240],{"class":239},[67,148081,5552],{"class":81},[67,148083,57814],{"class":3852},[67,148085,148086,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104,148106],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,148087,135],{"class":134},[67,148089,138],{"class":81},[67,148091,312],{"class":117},[67,148093,114],{"class":81},[67,148095,41439],{"class":117},[67,148097,138],{"class":81},[67,148099,240],{"class":239},[67,148101,22713],{"class":243},[67,148103,240],{"class":239},[67,148105,5552],{"class":81},[67,148107,51424],{"class":3852},[14,148109,20145],{},[25,148111,148112,148117],{},[28,148113,148114,148116],{},[17,148115,65560],{}," appears 2 times",[28,148118,148119,148121,148122],{},[17,148120,109785],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[17,148123,1031],{},[53,148125,11663],{"id":11662},[14,148127,148128],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[58,148130,148132],{"className":60,"code":148131,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,148133,148134,148182,148186,148208],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,148135,148136,148138,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176,148178,148180],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,148137,680],{"class":73},[67,148139,78],{"class":77},[67,148141,9423],{"class":81},[67,148143,240],{"class":239},[67,148145,689],{"class":243},[67,148147,240],{"class":239},[67,148149,89],{"class":81},[67,148151,251],{"class":239},[67,148153,698],{"class":243},[67,148155,240],{"class":239},[67,148157,89],{"class":81},[67,148159,251],{"class":239},[67,148161,689],{"class":243},[67,148163,240],{"class":239},[67,148165,89],{"class":81},[67,148167,251],{"class":239},[67,148169,716],{"class":243},[67,148171,240],{"class":239},[67,148173,89],{"class":81},[67,148175,251],{"class":239},[67,148177,689],{"class":243},[67,148179,240],{"class":239},[67,148181,144],{"class":81},[67,148183,148184],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,148185,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,148187,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,148189,2416],{"class":73},[67,148191,78],{"class":77},[67,148193,733],{"class":73},[67,148195,114],{"class":81},[67,148197,41439],{"class":117},[67,148199,138],{"class":81},[67,148201,240],{"class":239},[67,148203,689],{"class":243},[67,148205,240],{"class":239},[67,148207,144],{"class":81},[67,148209,148210,148212,148214,148216],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,148211,135],{"class":134},[67,148213,138],{"class":81},[67,148215,2451],{"class":117},[67,148217,144],{"class":81},[14,148219,159],{},[58,148221,148222],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,148223,148224],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,148225,148226],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,148227,46795],{"class":85},[14,148229,148230,148232,148233,2584,148235,114],{},[17,148231,58002],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[17,148234,57459],{},[17,148236,2251],{},[53,148238,38200],{"id":38199},[14,148240,57713,148241,128724],{},[17,148242,57459],{},[25,148244,148245,148250,148255,148258],{},[28,148246,11611,148247,148249],{},[17,148248,1031],{}," when the value does not exist",[28,148251,11611,148252,148254],{},[17,148253,464],{}," when the value appears once",[28,148256,148257],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[28,148259,148260,148261,148263],{},"The result can be used in ",[17,148262,1217],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148265,222],{},[58,148267,148269],{"className":60,"code":148268,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[17,148270,148271,148312,148316,148343],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,148272,148273,148276,148278,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296,148298,148300,148302,148304,148306,148308,148310],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,148274,148275],{"class":73},"answers ",[67,148277,78],{"class":77},[67,148279,9423],{"class":81},[67,148281,240],{"class":239},[67,148283,8844],{"class":243},[67,148285,240],{"class":239},[67,148287,89],{"class":81},[67,148289,251],{"class":239},[67,148291,8784],{"class":243},[67,148293,240],{"class":239},[67,148295,89],{"class":81},[67,148297,251],{"class":239},[67,148299,8844],{"class":243},[67,148301,240],{"class":239},[67,148303,89],{"class":81},[67,148305,251],{"class":239},[67,148307,8844],{"class":243},[67,148309,240],{"class":239},[67,148311,144],{"class":81},[67,148313,148314],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,148315,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,148317,148318,148320,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331,148333,148335,148337,148339,148341],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,148319,1217],{"class":1167},[67,148321,148322],{"class":73}," answers",[67,148324,114],{"class":81},[67,148326,41439],{"class":117},[67,148328,138],{"class":81},[67,148330,240],{"class":239},[67,148332,8844],{"class":243},[67,148334,240],{"class":239},[67,148336,3849],{"class":81},[67,148338,38575],{"class":77},[67,148340,5689],{"class":85},[67,148342,1223],{"class":81},[67,148344,148345,148347,148349,148351,148354,148356],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,148346,1228],{"class":134},[67,148348,138],{"class":81},[67,148350,240],{"class":239},[67,148352,148353],{"class":243},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[67,148355,240],{"class":239},[67,148357,144],{"class":81},[14,148359,159],{},[58,148361,148363],{"className":60,"code":148362,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[17,148364,148365],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,148366,148367,148370,148372,148374,148376,148379],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,148368,148369],{"class":73},"The answer ",[67,148371,333],{"class":239},[67,148373,8844],{"class":243},[67,148375,333],{"class":239},[67,148377,148378],{"class":73}," appears more than once",[67,148380,122368],{"class":81},[53,148382,41225],{"id":41224},[14,148384,35591,148385,104552],{},[17,148386,147861],{},[25,148388,148389,148392,148395,148398],{},[28,148390,148391],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[28,148393,148394],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[28,148396,148397],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[28,148399,148400],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148402,222],{},[58,148404,148406],{"className":60,"code":148405,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[17,148407,148408,148436,148440,148462],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,148409,148410,148412,148414,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424,148426,148428,148430,148432,148434],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,148411,5252],{"class":73},[67,148413,78],{"class":77},[67,148415,9423],{"class":81},[67,148417,86],{"class":85},[67,148419,89],{"class":81},[67,148421,92],{"class":85},[67,148423,89],{"class":81},[67,148425,6196],{"class":85},[67,148427,89],{"class":81},[67,148429,97],{"class":85},[67,148431,89],{"class":81},[67,148433,6196],{"class":85},[67,148435,144],{"class":81},[67,148437,148438],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,148439,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,148441,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454,148456,148458,148460],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,148443,1217],{"class":1167},[67,148445,5299],{"class":73},[67,148447,114],{"class":81},[67,148449,41439],{"class":117},[67,148451,138],{"class":81},[67,148453,86],{"class":85},[67,148455,3849],{"class":81},[67,148457,51465],{"class":77},[67,148459,3182],{"class":85},[67,148461,1223],{"class":81},[67,148463,148464,148466,148468,148470,148473,148475],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,148465,1228],{"class":134},[67,148467,138],{"class":81},[67,148469,240],{"class":239},[67,148471,148472],{"class":243},"The score 10 is repeated.",[67,148474,240],{"class":239},[67,148476,144],{"class":81},[14,148478,159],{},[58,148480,148482],{"className":60,"code":148481,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[17,148483,148484],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,148485,148486,148489,148491,148493,148496],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,148487,148488],{"class":73},"The score ",[67,148490,86],{"class":85},[67,148492,8284],{"class":77},[67,148494,148495],{"class":73}," repeated",[67,148497,122368],{"class":81},[53,148499,148501],{"id":148500},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148503,148504],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[25,148506,148507,148513,148518,148521],{},[28,148508,148509,148510,148512],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[17,148511,57459],{}," still works because it only reads data",[28,148514,148515,148517],{},[17,148516,57459],{}," counts exact matches",[28,148519,148520],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[28,148522,148523,961,148525,148527],{},[17,148524,464],{},[17,148526,42338],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148529,222],{},[58,148531,148533],{"className":60,"code":148532,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[17,148534,148535,148569,148573,148593,148617],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,148536,148537,148539,148541,148543,148545,148547,148550,148552,148554,148557,148559,148561,148563,148565,148567],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,148538,4014],{"class":73},[67,148540,78],{"class":77},[67,148542,9423],{"class":81},[67,148544,464],{"class":85},[67,148546,89],{"class":81},[67,148548,148549],{"class":85}," 1.0",[67,148551,89],{"class":81},[67,148553,251],{"class":239},[67,148555,148556],{"class":243},"Cat",[67,148558,240],{"class":239},[67,148560,89],{"class":81},[67,148562,251],{"class":239},[67,148564,37227],{"class":243},[67,148566,240],{"class":239},[67,148568,144],{"class":81},[67,148570,148571],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,148572,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,148574,148575,148577,148579,148581,148583,148585,148587,148589,148591],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,148576,135],{"class":134},[67,148578,138],{"class":81},[67,148580,5549],{"class":117},[67,148582,114],{"class":81},[67,148584,41439],{"class":117},[67,148586,138],{"class":81},[67,148588,464],{"class":85},[67,148590,5552],{"class":81},[67,148592,51271],{"class":3852},[67,148594,148595,148597,148599,148601,148603,148605,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,148596,135],{"class":134},[67,148598,138],{"class":81},[67,148600,5549],{"class":117},[67,148602,114],{"class":81},[67,148604,41439],{"class":117},[67,148606,138],{"class":81},[67,148608,240],{"class":239},[67,148610,148556],{"class":243},[67,148612,240],{"class":239},[67,148614,5552],{"class":81},[67,148616,27967],{"class":3852},[67,148618,148619,148621,148623,148625,148627,148629,148631,148633,148635,148637,148639],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,148620,135],{"class":134},[67,148622,138],{"class":81},[67,148624,5549],{"class":117},[67,148626,114],{"class":81},[67,148628,41439],{"class":117},[67,148630,138],{"class":81},[67,148632,240],{"class":239},[67,148634,37227],{"class":243},[67,148636,240],{"class":239},[67,148638,5552],{"class":81},[67,148640,27967],{"class":3852},[14,148642,5347,148643,5350,148646,2681],{},[17,148644,148645],{},"values.count(1)",[17,148647,2245],{},[14,148649,8971,148650,4973,148653,148655],{},[17,148651,148652],{},"1 == 1.0",[17,148654,3793],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[53,148657,1907],{"id":1906},[1109,148659,8604,148661,148663],{"id":148660},"using-count-without-parentheses",[17,148662,41439],{}," without parentheses",[14,148665,148666],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[58,148668,148670],{"className":60,"code":148669,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[17,148671,148672,148696],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,148673,148674,148676,148678,148680,148682,148684,148686,148688,148690,148692,148694],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,148675,74],{"class":73},[67,148677,78],{"class":77},[67,148679,9423],{"class":81},[67,148681,464],{"class":85},[67,148683,89],{"class":81},[67,148685,3182],{"class":85},[67,148687,89],{"class":81},[67,148689,3182],{"class":85},[67,148691,89],{"class":81},[67,148693,2639],{"class":85},[67,148695,144],{"class":81},[67,148697,148698,148700,148702,148704,148706,148708],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,148699,135],{"class":134},[67,148701,138],{"class":81},[67,148703,154],{"class":117},[67,148705,114],{"class":81},[67,148707,41439],{"class":24938},[67,148709,144],{"class":81},[14,148711,148712],{},"To call the method correctly:",[58,148714,148716],{"className":60,"code":148715,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[17,148717,148718],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,148719,148720,148722,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,148721,135],{"class":134},[67,148723,138],{"class":81},[67,148725,154],{"class":117},[67,148727,114],{"class":81},[67,148729,41439],{"class":117},[67,148731,138],{"class":81},[67,148733,2245],{"class":85},[67,148735,1426],{"class":81},[1109,148737,1930,148738,8642,148740,3068,148742],{"id":58762},[17,148739,57459],{},[17,148741,3793],{},[17,148743,3863],{},[14,148745,148746,58773],{},[17,148747,57459],{},[58,148749,148751],{"className":60,"code":148750,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[17,148752,148753,148785,148807,148811],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,148754,148755,148757,148759,148761,148763,148765,148767,148769,148771,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,148756,411],{"class":73},[67,148758,78],{"class":77},[67,148760,9423],{"class":81},[67,148762,240],{"class":239},[67,148764,45],{"class":243},[67,148766,240],{"class":239},[67,148768,89],{"class":81},[67,148770,251],{"class":239},[67,148772,428],{"class":243},[67,148774,240],{"class":239},[67,148776,89],{"class":81},[67,148778,251],{"class":239},[67,148780,45],{"class":243},[67,148782,240],{"class":239},[67,148784,144],{"class":81},[67,148786,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797,148799,148801,148803,148805],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,148788,2416],{"class":73},[67,148790,78],{"class":77},[67,148792,455],{"class":73},[67,148794,114],{"class":81},[67,148796,41439],{"class":117},[67,148798,138],{"class":81},[67,148800,240],{"class":239},[67,148802,45],{"class":243},[67,148804,240],{"class":239},[67,148806,144],{"class":81},[67,148808,148809],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,148810,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,148812,148813,148815,148817,148819,148821],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,148814,135],{"class":134},[67,148816,138],{"class":81},[67,148818,2451],{"class":117},[67,148820,3849],{"class":81},[67,148822,51592],{"class":3852},[14,148824,148825,148826,148828],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[17,148827,4074],{}," is often simpler:",[58,148830,148832],{"className":60,"code":148831,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[17,148833,148834],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,148835,148836,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,148837,135],{"class":134},[67,148839,138],{"class":81},[67,148841,240],{"class":239},[67,148843,45],{"class":243},[67,148845,240],{"class":239},[67,148847,21362],{"class":1167},[67,148849,455],{"class":117},[67,148851,3849],{"class":81},[67,148853,3853],{"class":3852},[1109,148855,1923,148857,43,148859],{"id":148856},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[17,148858,147861],{},[17,148860,57464],{},[14,148862,148863],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148865,148866],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1109,148868,148870],{"id":148869},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148872,148873,148875],{},[17,148874,57459],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[58,148877,148879],{"className":60,"code":148878,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[17,148880,148881,148914,148940],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,148882,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899,148902,148904,148906,148908,148910,148912],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,148884,4261],{"class":73},[67,148886,78],{"class":77},[67,148888,9423],{"class":81},[67,148890,240],{"class":239},[67,148892,689],{"class":243},[67,148894,240],{"class":239},[67,148896,89],{"class":81},[67,148898,251],{"class":239},[67,148900,148901],{"class":243},"pineapple",[67,148903,240],{"class":239},[67,148905,89],{"class":81},[67,148907,251],{"class":239},[67,148909,689],{"class":243},[67,148911,240],{"class":239},[67,148913,144],{"class":81},[67,148915,148916,148918,148920,148922,148924,148926,148928,148930,148933,148935,148937],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,148917,135],{"class":134},[67,148919,138],{"class":81},[67,148921,4302],{"class":117},[67,148923,114],{"class":81},[67,148925,41439],{"class":117},[67,148927,138],{"class":81},[67,148929,240],{"class":239},[67,148931,148932],{"class":243},"app",[67,148934,240],{"class":239},[67,148936,5552],{"class":81},[67,148938,148939],{"class":3852},"    # 0\n",[67,148941,148942,148944,148946,148948,148950,148952,148954,148956,148958,148960,148962],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,148943,135],{"class":134},[67,148945,138],{"class":81},[67,148947,4302],{"class":117},[67,148949,114],{"class":81},[67,148951,41439],{"class":117},[67,148953,138],{"class":81},[67,148955,240],{"class":239},[67,148957,689],{"class":243},[67,148959,240],{"class":239},[67,148961,5552],{"class":81},[67,148963,51592],{"class":3852},[14,148965,148966,148969,148970,114],{},[17,148967,148968],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[17,148971,1031],{},[53,148973,148975],{"id":148974},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,148977,148978],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[25,148980,148981,148986,148995,149001],{},[28,148982,185,148983,148985],{},[17,148984,4074],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[28,148987,185,148988,148994],{},[45,148989,148991,148992],{"href":148990},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[17,148993,59136],{}," to find the position of a value",[28,148996,185,148997,149000],{},[17,148998,148999],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[28,149002,149003],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,149005,46218,149006,1161],{},[17,149007,4074],{},[58,149009,149011],{"className":60,"code":149010,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[17,149012,149013,149033,149037,149053],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149014,149015,149017,149019,149021,149023,149025,149027,149029,149031],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149016,74],{"class":73},[67,149018,78],{"class":77},[67,149020,9423],{"class":81},[67,149022,2694],{"class":85},[67,149024,89],{"class":81},[67,149026,6185],{"class":85},[67,149028,89],{"class":81},[67,149030,54311],{"class":85},[67,149032,144],{"class":81},[67,149034,149035],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,149036,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,149038,149039,149041,149043,149045,149047,149049,149051],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,149040,135],{"class":134},[67,149042,138],{"class":81},[67,149044,2213],{"class":85},[67,149046,21362],{"class":1167},[67,149048,111],{"class":117},[67,149050,3849],{"class":81},[67,149052,44034],{"class":3852},[67,149054,149055,149057,149059,149061,149063,149065,149067],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,149056,135],{"class":134},[67,149058,138],{"class":81},[67,149060,1308],{"class":85},[67,149062,21362],{"class":1167},[67,149064,111],{"class":117},[67,149066,3849],{"class":81},[67,149068,44051],{"class":3852},[14,149070,46218,149071,1161],{},[17,149072,59136],{},[58,149074,149076],{"className":60,"code":149075,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[17,149077,149078,149102],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149079,149080,149082,149084,149086,149088,149090,149092,149094,149096,149098,149100],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149081,74],{"class":73},[67,149083,78],{"class":77},[67,149085,9423],{"class":81},[67,149087,2694],{"class":85},[67,149089,89],{"class":81},[67,149091,6185],{"class":85},[67,149093,89],{"class":81},[67,149095,54311],{"class":85},[67,149097,89],{"class":81},[67,149099,6185],{"class":85},[67,149101,144],{"class":81},[67,149103,149104,149106,149108,149110,149112,149114,149116,149118,149120],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,149105,135],{"class":134},[67,149107,138],{"class":81},[67,149109,154],{"class":117},[67,149111,114],{"class":81},[67,149113,373],{"class":117},[67,149115,138],{"class":81},[67,149117,2213],{"class":85},[67,149119,5552],{"class":81},[67,149121,27967],{"class":3852},[14,149123,149124,149126,149127,149129,149131],{},[17,149125,57459],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10033,149128],{},[17,149130,59136],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[53,149133,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,149135,5331,149137,5334],{"id":149136},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[17,149138,147861],{},[14,149140,149141],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1109,149143,12894,149145,149147],{"id":149144},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[17,149146,147861],{}," change the tuple?",[14,149149,149150],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1109,149152,149154],{"id":149153},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,149156,12100,149157,114],{},[17,149158,1031],{},[1109,149160,5359,149162,149164],{"id":149161},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[17,149163,147861],{}," count strings?",[14,149166,149167],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1109,149169,5369,149171,961,149173,2681],{"id":149170},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[17,149172,147861],{},[17,149174,149175],{},"tuple.index()",[14,149177,149178,149180,149181,149183],{},[17,149179,57459],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[17,149182,59136],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[53,149185,2094],{"id":2093},[25,149187,149188,149192,149197,149204,149212],{},[28,149189,149190],{},[45,149191,147970],{"href":147969},[28,149193,149194],{},[45,149195,149196],{"href":147973},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[28,149198,149199],{},[45,149200,149201,149202,946],{"href":148990},"Python tuple ",[17,149203,59136],{},[28,149205,149206],{},[45,149207,149209,149210],{"href":149208},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[17,149211,1339],{},[28,149213,149214],{},[45,149215,59125],{"href":59124},[2122,149217,149218],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":149220},[149221,149223,149226,149227,149228,149229,149230,149238,149239,149250],{"id":147937,"depth":103,"text":149222},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147977,"depth":103,"text":147978,"children":149224},[149225],{"id":103088,"depth":124,"text":103089},{"id":11662,"depth":103,"text":11663},{"id":38199,"depth":103,"text":38200},{"id":41224,"depth":103,"text":41225},{"id":148500,"depth":103,"text":148501},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":149231},[149232,149234,149235,149237],{"id":148660,"depth":124,"text":149233},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58762,"depth":124,"text":59177},{"id":148856,"depth":124,"text":149236},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148869,"depth":124,"text":148870},{"id":148974,"depth":103,"text":148975},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":149240},[149241,149243,149245,149246,149248],{"id":149136,"depth":124,"text":149242},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149144,"depth":124,"text":149244},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149153,"depth":124,"text":149154},{"id":149161,"depth":124,"text":149247},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149170,"depth":124,"text":149249},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147848,"description":149251},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149258,"title":149259,"body":149260,"description":150947,"extension":2153,"meta":150948,"navigation":127,"path":150949,"seo":150950,"stem":150951,"__hash__":150952},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149261,"toc":150910},[149262,149265,149268,149277,149279,149409,149411,149472,149478,149480,149500,149504,149507,149510,149545,149547,149568,149571,149610,149612,149637,149644,149648,149651,149688,149690,149713,149716,149719,149731,149737,149741,149744,149750,149791,149793,149816,149819,149860,149862,149889,149891,149908,149910,149927,149930,149934,149937,149939,149973,149975,150022,150026,150065,150069,150072,150129,150131,150172,150178,150184,150189,150191,150228,150230,150250,150252,150285,150287,150320,150323,150327,150360,150362,150387,150390,150392,150406,150413,150415,150418,150422,150425,150460,150463,150498,150502,150505,150544,150547,150586,150590,150592,150622,150625,150632,150634,150666,150669,150701,150704,150735,150737,150754,150758,150761,150825,150827,150831,150838,150842,150845,150849,150852,150856,150859,150864,150870,150872,150907],[10,149263,149259],{"id":149264},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149266,149267],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149269,149270,149271,3068,149275,114],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[45,149272,149274],{"href":149273},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[45,149276,147970],{"href":147969},[53,149278,56],{"id":55},[58,149280,149282],{"className":60,"code":149281,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[17,149283,149284,149304,149313,149327,149363,149367,149377,149387,149398],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149285,149286,149288,149290,149292,149294,149296,149298,149300,149302],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149287,74],{"class":73},[67,149289,78],{"class":77},[67,149291,9423],{"class":81},[67,149293,464],{"class":85},[67,149295,89],{"class":81},[67,149297,3182],{"class":85},[67,149299,89],{"class":81},[67,149301,2639],{"class":85},[67,149303,144],{"class":81},[67,149305,149306,149308,149310],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,149307,124834],{"class":73},[67,149309,78],{"class":77},[67,149311,149312],{"class":81}," ()\n",[67,149314,149315,149318,149320,149322,149324],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,149316,149317],{"class":73},"one_item ",[67,149319,78],{"class":77},[67,149321,9423],{"class":81},[67,149323,1308],{"class":85},[67,149325,149326],{"class":81},",)\n",[67,149328,149329,149332,149334,149337,149339,149341,149343,149345,149347,149349,149351,149353,149355,149357,149359,149361],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,149330,149331],{"class":73},"from_list ",[67,149333,78],{"class":77},[67,149335,149336],{"class":362}," tuple",[67,149338,370],{"class":81},[67,149340,240],{"class":239},[67,149342,45],{"class":243},[67,149344,240],{"class":239},[67,149346,89],{"class":81},[67,149348,251],{"class":239},[67,149350,428],{"class":243},[67,149352,240],{"class":239},[67,149354,89],{"class":81},[67,149356,251],{"class":239},[67,149358,437],{"class":243},[67,149360,240],{"class":239},[67,149362,376],{"class":81},[67,149364,149365],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,149366,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,149368,149369,149371,149373,149375],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,149370,135],{"class":134},[67,149372,138],{"class":81},[67,149374,154],{"class":117},[67,149376,144],{"class":81},[67,149378,149379,149381,149383,149385],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,149380,135],{"class":134},[67,149382,138],{"class":81},[67,149384,124885],{"class":117},[67,149386,144],{"class":81},[67,149388,149389,149391,149393,149396],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,149390,135],{"class":134},[67,149392,138],{"class":81},[67,149394,149395],{"class":117},"one_item",[67,149397,144],{"class":81},[67,149399,149400,149402,149404,149407],{"class":69,"line":6623},[67,149401,135],{"class":134},[67,149403,138],{"class":81},[67,149405,149406],{"class":117},"from_list",[67,149408,144],{"class":81},[14,149410,159],{},[58,149412,149414],{"className":60,"code":149413,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[17,149415,149416,149432,149436,149444],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149417,149418,149420,149422,149424,149426,149428,149430],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149419,138],{"class":81},[67,149421,464],{"class":85},[67,149423,89],{"class":81},[67,149425,3182],{"class":85},[67,149427,89],{"class":81},[67,149429,2639],{"class":85},[67,149431,144],{"class":81},[67,149433,149434],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,149435,121],{"class":81},[67,149437,149438,149440,149442],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,149439,138],{"class":81},[67,149441,1308],{"class":85},[67,149443,149326],{"class":81},[67,149445,149446,149448,149450,149452,149454,149456,149458,149460,149462,149464,149466,149468,149470],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,149447,138],{"class":81},[67,149449,333],{"class":239},[67,149451,45],{"class":243},[67,149453,333],{"class":239},[67,149455,89],{"class":81},[67,149457,342],{"class":239},[67,149459,428],{"class":243},[67,149461,333],{"class":239},[67,149463,89],{"class":81},[67,149465,342],{"class":239},[67,149467,437],{"class":243},[67,149469,333],{"class":239},[67,149471,144],{"class":81},[14,149473,149474,149475,114],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[17,149476,149477],{},"(5,)",[53,149479,15350],{"id":15349},[25,149481,149482,149485,149488,149491,149494,149497],{},[28,149483,149484],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[28,149486,149487],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[28,149489,149490],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[28,149492,149493],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[28,149495,149496],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[28,149498,149499],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[53,149501,149503],{"id":149502},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149505,149506],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149508,149509],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[58,149511,149513],{"className":60,"code":149512,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,149514,149515,149535],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149516,149517,149519,149521,149523,149525,149527,149529,149531,149533],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149518,74],{"class":73},[67,149520,78],{"class":77},[67,149522,9423],{"class":81},[67,149524,464],{"class":85},[67,149526,89],{"class":81},[67,149528,3182],{"class":85},[67,149530,89],{"class":81},[67,149532,2639],{"class":85},[67,149534,144],{"class":81},[67,149536,149537,149539,149541,149543],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,149538,135],{"class":134},[67,149540,138],{"class":81},[67,149542,154],{"class":117},[67,149544,144],{"class":81},[14,149546,159],{},[58,149548,149550],{"className":60,"code":149549,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[17,149551,149552],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149553,149554,149556,149558,149560,149562,149564,149566],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149555,138],{"class":81},[67,149557,464],{"class":85},[67,149559,89],{"class":81},[67,149561,3182],{"class":85},[67,149563,89],{"class":81},[67,149565,2639],{"class":85},[67,149567,144],{"class":81},[14,149569,149570],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[58,149572,149574],{"className":60,"code":149573,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[17,149575,149576,149600],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149577,149578,149580,149582,149584,149586,149588,149590,149592,149594,149596,149598],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149579,9352],{"class":73},[67,149581,78],{"class":77},[67,149583,9423],{"class":81},[67,149585,464],{"class":85},[67,149587,89],{"class":81},[67,149589,251],{"class":239},[67,149591,689],{"class":243},[67,149593,240],{"class":239},[67,149595,89],{"class":81},[67,149597,4106],{"class":4043},[67,149599,144],{"class":81},[67,149601,149602,149604,149606,149608],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,149603,135],{"class":134},[67,149605,138],{"class":81},[67,149607,9391],{"class":117},[67,149609,144],{"class":81},[14,149611,159],{},[58,149613,149615],{"className":60,"code":149614,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[17,149616,149617],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149618,149619,149621,149623,149625,149627,149629,149631,149633,149635],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149620,138],{"class":81},[67,149622,464],{"class":85},[67,149624,89],{"class":81},[67,149626,342],{"class":239},[67,149628,689],{"class":243},[67,149630,333],{"class":239},[67,149632,89],{"class":81},[67,149634,4106],{"class":4043},[67,149636,144],{"class":81},[14,149638,149639,149640,114],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[45,149641,149643],{"href":149642},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[53,149645,149647],{"id":149646},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149649,149650],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[58,149652,149654],{"className":60,"code":149653,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[17,149655,149656,149664,149674],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149657,149658,149660,149662],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149659,124834],{"class":73},[67,149661,78],{"class":77},[67,149663,149312],{"class":81},[67,149665,149666,149668,149670,149672],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,149667,135],{"class":134},[67,149669,138],{"class":81},[67,149671,124885],{"class":117},[67,149673,144],{"class":81},[67,149675,149676,149678,149680,149682,149684,149686],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,149677,135],{"class":134},[67,149679,138],{"class":81},[67,149681,2011],{"class":362},[67,149683,138],{"class":81},[67,149685,124885],{"class":117},[67,149687,1426],{"class":81},[14,149689,159],{},[58,149691,149693],{"className":60,"code":149692,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,149694,149695,149699],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149696,149697],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149698,121],{"class":81},[67,149700,149701,149703,149705,149707,149709,149711],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,149702,1397],{"class":77},[67,149704,3482],{"class":2254},[67,149706,342],{"class":239},[67,149708,49132],{"class":243},[67,149710,333],{"class":239},[67,149712,3491],{"class":77},[14,149714,149715],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149717,149718],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[25,149720,149721,149726],{},[28,149722,149723,149724],{},"Empty tuple: ",[17,149725,7557],{},[28,149727,149728,149729],{},"Empty list: ",[17,149730,3978],{},[14,149732,149733,149734,114],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[45,149735,149736],{"href":57322},"Python list: creating a list",[53,149738,149740],{"id":149739},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149742,149743],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149745,149746,149747,149749],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[3934,149748,4820],{}," automatically a tuple:",[58,149751,149753],{"className":60,"code":149752,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,149754,149755,149767,149777],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149756,149757,149759,149761,149763,149765],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149758,2634],{"class":73},[67,149760,78],{"class":77},[67,149762,9423],{"class":81},[67,149764,1308],{"class":85},[67,149766,144],{"class":81},[67,149768,149769,149771,149773,149775],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,149770,135],{"class":134},[67,149772,138],{"class":81},[67,149774,2661],{"class":117},[67,149776,144],{"class":81},[67,149778,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,149780,135],{"class":134},[67,149782,138],{"class":81},[67,149784,2011],{"class":362},[67,149786,138],{"class":81},[67,149788,2661],{"class":117},[67,149790,1426],{"class":81},[14,149792,159],{},[58,149794,149796],{"className":60,"code":149795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,149797,149798,149802],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149799,149800],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149801,3137],{"class":85},[67,149803,149804,149806,149808,149810,149812,149814],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,149805,1397],{"class":77},[67,149807,3482],{"class":2254},[67,149809,342],{"class":239},[67,149811,2376],{"class":243},[67,149813,333],{"class":239},[67,149815,3491],{"class":77},[14,149817,149818],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[58,149820,149822],{"className":60,"code":149821,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[17,149823,149824,149836,149846],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149825,149826,149828,149830,149832,149834],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149827,149317],{"class":73},[67,149829,78],{"class":77},[67,149831,9423],{"class":81},[67,149833,1308],{"class":85},[67,149835,149326],{"class":81},[67,149837,149838,149840,149842,149844],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,149839,135],{"class":134},[67,149841,138],{"class":81},[67,149843,149395],{"class":117},[67,149845,144],{"class":81},[67,149847,149848,149850,149852,149854,149856,149858],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,149849,135],{"class":134},[67,149851,138],{"class":81},[67,149853,2011],{"class":362},[67,149855,138],{"class":81},[67,149857,149395],{"class":117},[67,149859,1426],{"class":81},[14,149861,159],{},[58,149863,149865],{"className":60,"code":149864,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,149866,149867,149875],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149868,149869,149871,149873],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149870,138],{"class":81},[67,149872,1308],{"class":85},[67,149874,149326],{"class":81},[67,149876,149877,149879,149881,149883,149885,149887],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,149878,1397],{"class":77},[67,149880,3482],{"class":2254},[67,149882,342],{"class":239},[67,149884,49132],{"class":243},[67,149886,333],{"class":239},[67,149888,3491],{"class":77},[14,149890,16843],{},[58,149892,149894],{"className":60,"code":149893,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(\"apple\",)\n",[17,149895,149896],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149897,149898,149900,149902,149904,149906],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149899,138],{"class":81},[67,149901,240],{"class":239},[67,149903,689],{"class":243},[67,149905,240],{"class":239},[67,149907,149326],{"class":81},[14,149909,16831],{},[58,149911,149913],{"className":60,"code":149912,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(\"apple\")\n",[17,149914,149915],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149916,149917,149919,149921,149923,149925],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149918,138],{"class":81},[67,149920,240],{"class":239},[67,149922,689],{"class":243},[67,149924,240],{"class":239},[67,149926,144],{"class":81},[14,149928,149929],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[53,149931,149933],{"id":149932},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,149935,149936],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1109,149938,56631],{"id":154},[58,149940,149941],{"className":60,"code":149512,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,149942,149943,149963],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149944,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955,149957,149959,149961],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149946,74],{"class":73},[67,149948,78],{"class":77},[67,149950,9423],{"class":81},[67,149952,464],{"class":85},[67,149954,89],{"class":81},[67,149956,3182],{"class":85},[67,149958,89],{"class":81},[67,149960,2639],{"class":85},[67,149962,144],{"class":81},[67,149964,149965,149967,149969,149971],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,149966,135],{"class":134},[67,149968,138],{"class":81},[67,149970,154],{"class":117},[67,149972,144],{"class":81},[1109,149974,56634],{"id":5499},[58,149976,149978],{"className":60,"code":149977,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[17,149979,149980,150012],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,149981,149982,149984,149986,149988,149990,149992,149994,149996,149998,150000,150002,150004,150006,150008,150010],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,149983,232],{"class":73},[67,149985,78],{"class":77},[67,149987,9423],{"class":81},[67,149989,240],{"class":239},[67,149991,244],{"class":243},[67,149993,240],{"class":239},[67,149995,89],{"class":81},[67,149997,251],{"class":239},[67,149999,254],{"class":243},[67,150001,240],{"class":239},[67,150003,89],{"class":81},[67,150005,251],{"class":239},[67,150007,263],{"class":243},[67,150009,240],{"class":239},[67,150011,144],{"class":81},[67,150013,150014,150016,150018,150020],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,150015,135],{"class":134},[67,150017,138],{"class":81},[67,150019,312],{"class":117},[67,150021,144],{"class":81},[1109,150023,150025],{"id":150024},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[58,150027,150029],{"className":60,"code":150028,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[17,150030,150031,150055],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150032,150033,150035,150037,150039,150041,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051,150053],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150034,59641],{"class":73},[67,150036,78],{"class":77},[67,150038,9423],{"class":81},[67,150040,464],{"class":85},[67,150042,89],{"class":81},[67,150044,251],{"class":239},[67,150046,689],{"class":243},[67,150048,240],{"class":239},[67,150050,89],{"class":81},[67,150052,4106],{"class":4043},[67,150054,144],{"class":81},[67,150056,150057,150059,150061,150063],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,150058,135],{"class":134},[67,150060,138],{"class":81},[67,150062,59694],{"class":117},[67,150064,144],{"class":81},[1109,150066,150068],{"id":150067},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,150070,150071],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[58,150073,150075],{"className":60,"code":150074,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[17,150076,150077,150118],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150078,150079,150082,150084,150086,150088,150090,150092,150094,150096,150098,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150080,150081],{"class":73},"nested ",[67,150083,78],{"class":77},[67,150085,9423],{"class":81},[67,150087,464],{"class":85},[67,150089,89],{"class":81},[67,150091,9423],{"class":81},[67,150093,240],{"class":239},[67,150095,45],{"class":243},[67,150097,240],{"class":239},[67,150099,89],{"class":81},[67,150101,251],{"class":239},[67,150103,428],{"class":243},[67,150105,240],{"class":239},[67,150107,9420],{"class":81},[67,150109,82],{"class":81},[67,150111,86],{"class":85},[67,150113,89],{"class":81},[67,150115,92],{"class":85},[67,150117,376],{"class":81},[67,150119,150120,150122,150124,150127],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,150121,135],{"class":134},[67,150123,138],{"class":81},[67,150125,150126],{"class":117},"nested",[67,150128,144],{"class":81},[14,150130,159],{},[58,150132,150134],{"className":60,"code":150133,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[17,150135,150136],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150137,150138,150140,150142,150144,150146,150148,150150,150152,150154,150156,150158,150160,150162,150164,150166,150168,150170],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150139,138],{"class":81},[67,150141,464],{"class":85},[67,150143,89],{"class":81},[67,150145,9423],{"class":81},[67,150147,333],{"class":239},[67,150149,45],{"class":243},[67,150151,333],{"class":239},[67,150153,89],{"class":81},[67,150155,342],{"class":239},[67,150157,428],{"class":243},[67,150159,333],{"class":239},[67,150161,9420],{"class":81},[67,150163,82],{"class":81},[67,150165,86],{"class":85},[67,150167,89],{"class":81},[67,150169,92],{"class":85},[67,150171,376],{"class":81},[53,150173,150175,150176],{"id":150174},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[17,150177,38226],{},[14,150179,150180,150181,150183],{},"You can use the built-in ",[17,150182,38226],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,150185,150186,150187,114],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[45,150188,63386],{"href":63385},[1109,150190,105229],{"id":105228},[58,150192,150194],{"className":60,"code":150193,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,150195,150196,150218],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150197,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214,150216],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150199,74],{"class":73},[67,150201,78],{"class":77},[67,150203,149336],{"class":362},[67,150205,370],{"class":81},[67,150207,464],{"class":85},[67,150209,89],{"class":81},[67,150211,3182],{"class":85},[67,150213,89],{"class":81},[67,150215,2639],{"class":85},[67,150217,376],{"class":81},[67,150219,150220,150222,150224,150226],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,150221,135],{"class":134},[67,150223,138],{"class":81},[67,150225,154],{"class":117},[67,150227,144],{"class":81},[14,150229,159],{},[58,150231,150232],{"className":60,"code":149549,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,150233,150234],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150235,150236,150238,150240,150242,150244,150246,150248],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150237,138],{"class":81},[67,150239,464],{"class":85},[67,150241,89],{"class":81},[67,150243,3182],{"class":85},[67,150245,89],{"class":81},[67,150247,2639],{"class":85},[67,150249,144],{"class":81},[1109,150251,105415],{"id":105414},[58,150253,150255],{"className":60,"code":150254,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,150256,150257,150275],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150258,150259,150261,150263,150265,150267,150269,150271,150273],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150260,411],{"class":73},[67,150262,78],{"class":77},[67,150264,149336],{"class":362},[67,150266,138],{"class":81},[67,150268,240],{"class":239},[67,150270,41740],{"class":243},[67,150272,240],{"class":239},[67,150274,144],{"class":81},[67,150276,150277,150279,150281,150283],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,150278,135],{"class":134},[67,150280,138],{"class":81},[67,150282,490],{"class":117},[67,150284,144],{"class":81},[14,150286,159],{},[58,150288,150290],{"className":60,"code":150289,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[17,150291,150292],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150293,150294,150296,150298,150300,150302,150304,150306,150308,150310,150312,150314,150316,150318],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150295,138],{"class":81},[67,150297,333],{"class":239},[67,150299,45],{"class":243},[67,150301,333],{"class":239},[67,150303,89],{"class":81},[67,150305,342],{"class":239},[67,150307,428],{"class":243},[67,150309,333],{"class":239},[67,150311,89],{"class":81},[67,150313,342],{"class":239},[67,150315,437],{"class":243},[67,150317,333],{"class":239},[67,150319,144],{"class":81},[14,150321,150322],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1109,150324,150326],{"id":150325},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[58,150328,150330],{"className":60,"code":150329,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[17,150331,150332,150350],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150333,150334,150336,150338,150340,150342,150344,150346,150348],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150335,4014],{"class":73},[67,150337,78],{"class":77},[67,150339,149336],{"class":362},[67,150341,138],{"class":81},[67,150343,60167],{"class":134},[67,150345,138],{"class":81},[67,150347,2694],{"class":85},[67,150349,1426],{"class":81},[67,150351,150352,150354,150356,150358],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,150353,135],{"class":134},[67,150355,138],{"class":81},[67,150357,5549],{"class":117},[67,150359,144],{"class":81},[14,150361,159],{},[58,150363,150365],{"className":60,"code":150364,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[17,150366,150367],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150368,150369,150371,150373,150375,150377,150379,150381,150383,150385],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150370,138],{"class":81},[67,150372,1031],{"class":85},[67,150374,89],{"class":81},[67,150376,5689],{"class":85},[67,150378,89],{"class":81},[67,150380,3182],{"class":85},[67,150382,89],{"class":81},[67,150384,2639],{"class":85},[67,150386,144],{"class":81},[14,150388,150389],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[53,150391,20989],{"id":20988},[25,150393,150394,150397,150400,150403],{},[28,150395,150396],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[28,150398,150399],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[28,150401,150402],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[28,150404,150405],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150407,150408,150409,114],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[45,150410,150412],{"href":150411},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[53,150414,1907],{"id":1906},[14,150416,150417],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1109,150419,150421],{"id":150420},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150423,150424],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[58,150426,150428],{"className":60,"code":150427,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[17,150429,150430,150446],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150431,150432,150434,150436,150438,150440,150442,150444],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150433,450],{"class":73},[67,150435,78],{"class":77},[67,150437,9423],{"class":81},[67,150439,240],{"class":239},[67,150441,689],{"class":243},[67,150443,240],{"class":239},[67,150445,144],{"class":81},[67,150447,150448,150450,150452,150454,150456,150458],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,150449,135],{"class":134},[67,150451,138],{"class":81},[67,150453,2011],{"class":362},[67,150455,138],{"class":81},[67,150457,479],{"class":117},[67,150459,1426],{"class":81},[14,150461,150462],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[58,150464,150466],{"className":60,"code":150465,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[17,150467,150468,150484],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150469,150470,150472,150474,150476,150478,150480,150482],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150471,450],{"class":73},[67,150473,78],{"class":77},[67,150475,9423],{"class":81},[67,150477,240],{"class":239},[67,150479,689],{"class":243},[67,150481,240],{"class":239},[67,150483,149326],{"class":81},[67,150485,150486,150488,150490,150492,150494,150496],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,150487,135],{"class":134},[67,150489,138],{"class":81},[67,150491,2011],{"class":362},[67,150493,138],{"class":81},[67,150495,479],{"class":117},[67,150497,1426],{"class":81},[1109,150499,150501],{"id":150500},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150503,150504],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[58,150506,150508],{"className":60,"code":150507,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[17,150509,150510,150530],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150511,150512,150514,150516,150518,150520,150522,150524,150526,150528],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150513,4014],{"class":73},[67,150515,78],{"class":77},[67,150517,82],{"class":81},[67,150519,464],{"class":85},[67,150521,89],{"class":81},[67,150523,3182],{"class":85},[67,150525,89],{"class":81},[67,150527,2639],{"class":85},[67,150529,100],{"class":81},[67,150531,150532,150534,150536,150538,150540,150542],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,150533,135],{"class":134},[67,150535,138],{"class":81},[67,150537,2011],{"class":362},[67,150539,138],{"class":81},[67,150541,5549],{"class":117},[67,150543,1426],{"class":81},[14,150545,150546],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[58,150548,150550],{"className":60,"code":150549,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[17,150551,150552,150572],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150553,150554,150556,150558,150560,150562,150564,150566,150568,150570],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150555,4014],{"class":73},[67,150557,78],{"class":77},[67,150559,9423],{"class":81},[67,150561,464],{"class":85},[67,150563,89],{"class":81},[67,150565,3182],{"class":85},[67,150567,89],{"class":81},[67,150569,2639],{"class":85},[67,150571,144],{"class":81},[67,150573,150574,150576,150578,150580,150582,150584],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,150575,135],{"class":134},[67,150577,138],{"class":81},[67,150579,2011],{"class":362},[67,150581,138],{"class":81},[67,150583,5549],{"class":117},[67,150585,1426],{"class":81},[1109,150587,150589],{"id":150588},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150591,150402],{},[58,150593,150595],{"className":60,"code":150594,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[17,150596,150597,150617],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150598,150599,150601,150603,150605,150607,150609,150611,150613,150615],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150600,74],{"class":73},[67,150602,78],{"class":77},[67,150604,9423],{"class":81},[67,150606,464],{"class":85},[67,150608,89],{"class":81},[67,150610,3182],{"class":85},[67,150612,89],{"class":81},[67,150614,2639],{"class":85},[67,150616,144],{"class":81},[67,150618,150619],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,150620,150621],{"class":3852},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150623,150624],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1109,150626,1923,150628,150631],{"id":150627},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[17,150629,150630],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150633,64812],{},[58,150635,150636],{"className":60,"code":150254,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,150637,150638,150656],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150639,150640,150642,150644,150646,150648,150650,150652,150654],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150641,411],{"class":73},[67,150643,78],{"class":77},[67,150645,149336],{"class":362},[67,150647,138],{"class":81},[67,150649,240],{"class":239},[67,150651,41740],{"class":243},[67,150653,240],{"class":239},[67,150655,144],{"class":81},[67,150657,150658,150660,150662,150664],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,150659,135],{"class":134},[67,150661,138],{"class":81},[67,150663,490],{"class":117},[67,150665,144],{"class":81},[14,150667,150668],{},"gives:",[58,150670,150671],{"className":60,"code":150289,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,150672,150673],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150674,150675,150677,150679,150681,150683,150685,150687,150689,150691,150693,150695,150697,150699],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150676,138],{"class":81},[67,150678,333],{"class":239},[67,150680,45],{"class":243},[67,150682,333],{"class":239},[67,150684,89],{"class":81},[67,150686,342],{"class":239},[67,150688,428],{"class":243},[67,150690,333],{"class":239},[67,150692,89],{"class":81},[67,150694,342],{"class":239},[67,150696,437],{"class":243},[67,150698,333],{"class":239},[67,150700,144],{"class":81},[14,150702,150703],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[58,150705,150707],{"className":60,"code":150706,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[17,150708,150709,150725],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150710,150711,150713,150715,150717,150719,150721,150723],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150712,6346],{"class":73},[67,150714,78],{"class":77},[67,150716,9423],{"class":81},[67,150718,240],{"class":239},[67,150720,41740],{"class":243},[67,150722,240],{"class":239},[67,150724,149326],{"class":81},[67,150726,150727,150729,150731,150733],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,150728,135],{"class":134},[67,150730,138],{"class":81},[67,150732,38570],{"class":117},[67,150734,144],{"class":81},[14,150736,159],{},[58,150738,150740],{"className":60,"code":150739,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"('abc',)\n",[17,150741,150742],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150743,150744,150746,150748,150750,150752],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150745,138],{"class":81},[67,150747,333],{"class":239},[67,150749,41740],{"class":243},[67,150751,333],{"class":239},[67,150753,149326],{"class":81},[1109,150755,150757],{"id":150756},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150759,150760],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[58,150762,150764],{"className":60,"code":150763,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[17,150765,150766,150783,150787,150797,150811],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150767,150768,150771,150773,150775,150777,150779,150781],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150769,150770],{"class":73},"my_tuple ",[67,150772,78],{"class":77},[67,150774,9423],{"class":81},[67,150776,240],{"class":239},[67,150778,689],{"class":243},[67,150780,240],{"class":239},[67,150782,149326],{"class":81},[67,150784,150785],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,150786,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,150788,150789,150791,150793,150795],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,150790,135],{"class":134},[67,150792,138],{"class":81},[67,150794,147988],{"class":117},[67,150796,144],{"class":81},[67,150798,150799,150801,150803,150805,150807,150809],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,150800,135],{"class":134},[67,150802,138],{"class":81},[67,150804,2011],{"class":362},[67,150806,138],{"class":81},[67,150808,147988],{"class":117},[67,150810,1426],{"class":81},[67,150812,150813,150815,150817,150819,150821,150823],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,150814,135],{"class":134},[67,150816,138],{"class":81},[67,150818,1964],{"class":134},[67,150820,138],{"class":81},[67,150822,147988],{"class":117},[67,150824,1426],{"class":81},[53,150826,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,150828,150830],{"id":150829},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150832,150833,150834,150837],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[17,150835,150836],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1109,150839,150841],{"id":150840},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150843,150844],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1109,150846,150848],{"id":150847},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150850,150851],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1109,150853,150855],{"id":150854},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150857,150858],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1109,150860,5331,150862,12906],{"id":150861},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[17,150863,150630],{},[14,150865,5337,150866,150869],{},[17,150867,150868],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[53,150871,2094],{"id":2093},[25,150873,150874,150878,150882,150888,150893,150898,150902],{},[28,150875,150876],{},[45,150877,147970],{"href":147969},[28,150879,150880],{},[45,150881,149643],{"href":149642},[28,150883,150884],{},[45,150885,150887],{"href":150886},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[28,150889,150890],{},[45,150891,150892],{"href":149208},"Python tuple length with len()",[28,150894,150895],{},[45,150896,150897],{"href":149273},"What is a tuple in Python?",[28,150899,150900],{},[45,150901,63386],{"href":63385},[28,150903,150904],{},[45,150905,150906],{"href":150411},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2122,150908,150909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":150911},[150912,150913,150914,150915,150916,150917,150923,150929,150930,150938,150946],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":15349,"depth":103,"text":15350},{"id":149502,"depth":103,"text":149503},{"id":149646,"depth":103,"text":149647},{"id":149739,"depth":103,"text":149740},{"id":149932,"depth":103,"text":149933,"children":150918},[150919,150920,150921,150922],{"id":154,"depth":124,"text":56631},{"id":5499,"depth":124,"text":56634},{"id":150024,"depth":124,"text":150025},{"id":150067,"depth":124,"text":150068},{"id":150174,"depth":103,"text":150924,"children":150925},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150926,150927,150928],{"id":105228,"depth":124,"text":105229},{"id":105414,"depth":124,"text":105415},{"id":150325,"depth":124,"text":150326},{"id":20988,"depth":103,"text":20989},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":150931},[150932,150933,150934,150935,150937],{"id":150420,"depth":124,"text":150421},{"id":150500,"depth":124,"text":150501},{"id":150588,"depth":124,"text":150589},{"id":150627,"depth":124,"text":150936},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150756,"depth":124,"text":150757},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":150939},[150940,150941,150942,150943,150944],{"id":150829,"depth":124,"text":150830},{"id":150840,"depth":124,"text":150841},{"id":150847,"depth":124,"text":150848},{"id":150854,"depth":124,"text":150855},{"id":150861,"depth":124,"text":150945},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149259,"description":150947},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150954,"title":150955,"body":150956,"description":152501,"extension":2153,"meta":152502,"navigation":127,"path":152503,"seo":152504,"stem":152505,"__hash__":152506},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150957,"toc":152471},[150958,150961,150966,150968,150981,150987,150989,151056,151058,151093,151098,151102,151106,151108,151119,151127,151129,151131,151152,151154,151174,151177,151179,151184,151227,151229,151251,151254,151267,151271,151275,151278,151331,151333,151354,151359,151363,151366,151411,151413,151446,151458,151462,151470,151507,151509,151538,151542,151545,151598,151600,151620,151627,151631,151636,151705,151707,151732,151736,151739,151745,151822,151824,151883,151885,151897,151902,151906,151910,151924,151926,151961,151963,151980,151983,151996,152000,152004,152015,152020,152035,152038,152041,152043,152046,152050,152052,152066,152068,152092,152097,152101,152104,152123,152126,152175,152180,152197,152200,152233,152237,152239,152290,152293,152318,152321,152344,152348,152354,152356,152391,152394,152399,152401,152405,152408,152412,152417,152421,152424,152428,152431,152435,152440,152442,152468],[10,150959,150955],{"id":150960},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,150962,9309,150963,150965],{},[17,150964,38226],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,150967,82570],{},[25,150969,150970,150975],{},[28,150971,150972,150974],{},[17,150973,38226],{}," creates an empty tuple",[28,150976,150977,150980],{},[17,150978,150979],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,150982,150983,150984,150986],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[17,150985,38226],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[53,150988,56],{"id":55},[58,150990,150992],{"className":60,"code":150991,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,150993,150994,151014,151028,151032,151042],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,150995,150996,150998,151000,151002,151004,151006,151008,151010,151012],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,150997,74],{"class":73},[67,150999,78],{"class":77},[67,151001,82],{"class":81},[67,151003,464],{"class":85},[67,151005,89],{"class":81},[67,151007,3182],{"class":85},[67,151009,89],{"class":81},[67,151011,2639],{"class":85},[67,151013,100],{"class":81},[67,151015,151016,151018,151020,151022,151024,151026],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,151017,2416],{"class":73},[67,151019,78],{"class":77},[67,151021,149336],{"class":362},[67,151023,138],{"class":81},[67,151025,154],{"class":117},[67,151027,144],{"class":81},[67,151029,151030],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,151031,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,151033,151034,151036,151038,151040],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,151035,135],{"class":134},[67,151037,138],{"class":81},[67,151039,2451],{"class":117},[67,151041,144],{"class":81},[67,151043,151044,151046,151048,151050,151052,151054],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,151045,135],{"class":134},[67,151047,138],{"class":81},[67,151049,2011],{"class":362},[67,151051,138],{"class":81},[67,151053,2451],{"class":117},[67,151055,1426],{"class":81},[14,151057,159],{},[58,151059,151061],{"className":60,"code":151060,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,151062,151063,151079],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151064,151065,151067,151069,151071,151073,151075,151077],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151066,138],{"class":81},[67,151068,464],{"class":85},[67,151070,89],{"class":81},[67,151072,3182],{"class":85},[67,151074,89],{"class":81},[67,151076,2639],{"class":85},[67,151078,144],{"class":81},[67,151080,151081,151083,151085,151087,151089,151091],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,151082,1397],{"class":77},[67,151084,3482],{"class":2254},[67,151086,342],{"class":239},[67,151088,49132],{"class":243},[67,151090,333],{"class":239},[67,151092,3491],{"class":77},[14,151094,185,151095,151097],{},[17,151096,150979],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[53,151099,151101],{"id":151100},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,151103,151104,63094],{},[17,151105,38226],{},[14,151107,49106],{},[25,151109,151110,151113,151116],{},[28,151111,151112],{},"creates a tuple object",[28,151114,151115],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[28,151117,151118],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,151120,151121,151122,151124,151125,114],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[45,151123,149274],{"href":149273}," or the full guide to ",[45,151126,147970],{"href":147969},[53,151128,352],{"id":351},[14,151130,26675],{},[58,151132,151134],{"className":60,"code":151133,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[17,151135,151136,151142],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151137,151138,151140],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151139,49132],{"class":362},[67,151141,121],{"class":81},[67,151143,151144,151146,151148,151150],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,151145,49132],{"class":362},[67,151147,138],{"class":81},[67,151149,3911],{"class":117},[67,151151,144],{"class":81},[14,151153,11646],{},[25,151155,151156,151159],{},[28,151157,151158],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[28,151160,151161,151162],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[25,151163,151164,151166,151168,151170,151172],{},[28,151165,5490],{},[28,151167,5499],{},[28,151169,63165],{},[28,151171,5496],{},[28,151173,7442],{},[14,151175,151176],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[53,151178,149647],{"id":149646},[14,151180,29837,151181,151183],{},[17,151182,38226],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[58,151185,151187],{"className":60,"code":151186,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[17,151188,151189,151199,151203,151213],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151190,151191,151193,151195,151197],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151192,124834],{"class":73},[67,151194,78],{"class":77},[67,151196,149336],{"class":362},[67,151198,121],{"class":81},[67,151200,151201],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,151202,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,151204,151205,151207,151209,151211],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,151206,135],{"class":134},[67,151208,138],{"class":81},[67,151210,124885],{"class":117},[67,151212,144],{"class":81},[67,151214,151215,151217,151219,151221,151223,151225],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,151216,135],{"class":134},[67,151218,138],{"class":81},[67,151220,2011],{"class":362},[67,151222,138],{"class":81},[67,151224,124885],{"class":117},[67,151226,1426],{"class":81},[14,151228,159],{},[58,151230,151231],{"className":60,"code":149692,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,151232,151233,151237],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151234,151235],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151236,121],{"class":81},[67,151238,151239,151241,151243,151245,151247,151249],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,151240,1397],{"class":77},[67,151242,3482],{"class":2254},[67,151244,342],{"class":239},[67,151246,49132],{"class":243},[67,151248,333],{"class":239},[67,151250,3491],{"class":77},[14,151252,151253],{},"This is equivalent to:",[58,151255,151257],{"className":60,"code":151256,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"empty = ()\n",[17,151258,151259],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151260,151261,151263,151265],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151262,124834],{"class":73},[67,151264,78],{"class":77},[67,151266,149312],{"class":81},[53,151268,151270],{"id":151269},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1109,151272,151274],{"id":151273},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151276,151277],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[58,151279,151281],{"className":60,"code":151280,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,151282,151283,151303,151317,151321],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151284,151285,151287,151289,151291,151293,151295,151297,151299,151301],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151286,74],{"class":73},[67,151288,78],{"class":77},[67,151290,82],{"class":81},[67,151292,86],{"class":85},[67,151294,89],{"class":81},[67,151296,92],{"class":85},[67,151298,89],{"class":81},[67,151300,97],{"class":85},[67,151302,100],{"class":81},[67,151304,151305,151307,151309,151311,151313,151315],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,151306,2416],{"class":73},[67,151308,78],{"class":77},[67,151310,149336],{"class":362},[67,151312,138],{"class":81},[67,151314,154],{"class":117},[67,151316,144],{"class":81},[67,151318,151319],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,151320,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,151322,151323,151325,151327,151329],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,151324,135],{"class":134},[67,151326,138],{"class":81},[67,151328,2451],{"class":117},[67,151330,144],{"class":81},[14,151332,159],{},[58,151334,151336],{"className":60,"code":151335,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[17,151337,151338],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151339,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348,151350,151352],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151341,138],{"class":81},[67,151343,86],{"class":85},[67,151345,89],{"class":81},[67,151347,92],{"class":85},[67,151349,89],{"class":81},[67,151351,97],{"class":85},[67,151353,144],{"class":81},[14,151355,151356,151357,114],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[45,151358,105034],{"href":60224},[1109,151360,151362],{"id":151361},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151364,151365],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[58,151367,151369],{"className":60,"code":151368,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,151370,151371,151383,151397,151401],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151372,151373,151375,151377,151379,151381],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151374,34873],{"class":73},[67,151376,78],{"class":77},[67,151378,251],{"class":239},[67,151380,37227],{"class":243},[67,151382,3547],{"class":239},[67,151384,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393,151395],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,151386,2416],{"class":73},[67,151388,78],{"class":77},[67,151390,149336],{"class":362},[67,151392,138],{"class":81},[67,151394,34894],{"class":117},[67,151396,144],{"class":81},[67,151398,151399],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,151400,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,151402,151403,151405,151407,151409],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,151404,135],{"class":134},[67,151406,138],{"class":81},[67,151408,2451],{"class":117},[67,151410,144],{"class":81},[14,151412,159],{},[58,151414,151416],{"className":60,"code":151415,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[17,151417,151418],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151419,151420,151422,151424,151426,151428,151430,151432,151434,151436,151438,151440,151442,151444],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151421,138],{"class":81},[67,151423,333],{"class":239},[67,151425,437],{"class":243},[67,151427,333],{"class":239},[67,151429,89],{"class":81},[67,151431,342],{"class":239},[67,151433,45],{"class":243},[67,151435,333],{"class":239},[67,151437,89],{"class":81},[67,151439,342],{"class":239},[67,151441,63455],{"class":243},[67,151443,333],{"class":239},[67,151445,144],{"class":81},[14,151447,151448,151449,14240,151452,151454,151455,114],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[17,151450,151451],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[3934,151453,4820],{}," create ",[17,151456,151457],{},"('cat',)",[1109,151459,151461],{"id":151460},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151463,151464,151466,151467,151469],{},[17,151465,36380],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[17,151468,38226],{}," collects them all.",[58,151471,151473],{"className":60,"code":151472,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,151474,151475,151493,151497],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151476,151477,151479,151481,151483,151485,151487,151489,151491],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151478,2416],{"class":73},[67,151480,78],{"class":77},[67,151482,149336],{"class":362},[67,151484,138],{"class":81},[67,151486,60167],{"class":134},[67,151488,138],{"class":81},[67,151490,1308],{"class":85},[67,151492,1426],{"class":81},[67,151494,151495],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,151496,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,151498,151499,151501,151503,151505],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,151500,135],{"class":134},[67,151502,138],{"class":81},[67,151504,2451],{"class":117},[67,151506,144],{"class":81},[14,151508,159],{},[58,151510,151512],{"className":60,"code":151511,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[17,151513,151514],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151515,151516,151518,151520,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530,151532,151534,151536],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151517,138],{"class":81},[67,151519,1031],{"class":85},[67,151521,89],{"class":81},[67,151523,5689],{"class":85},[67,151525,89],{"class":81},[67,151527,3182],{"class":85},[67,151529,89],{"class":81},[67,151531,2639],{"class":85},[67,151533,89],{"class":81},[67,151535,2645],{"class":85},[67,151537,144],{"class":81},[1109,151539,151541],{"id":151540},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151543,151544],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[58,151546,151548],{"className":60,"code":151547,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,151549,151550,151570,151584,151588],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151551,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560,151562,151564,151566,151568],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151553,4014],{"class":73},[67,151555,78],{"class":77},[67,151557,10678],{"class":81},[67,151559,464],{"class":85},[67,151561,89],{"class":81},[67,151563,3182],{"class":85},[67,151565,89],{"class":81},[67,151567,2639],{"class":85},[67,151569,9496],{"class":81},[67,151571,151572,151574,151576,151578,151580,151582],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,151573,2416],{"class":73},[67,151575,78],{"class":77},[67,151577,149336],{"class":362},[67,151579,138],{"class":81},[67,151581,5549],{"class":117},[67,151583,144],{"class":81},[67,151585,151586],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,151587,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,151589,151590,151592,151594,151596],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,151591,135],{"class":134},[67,151593,138],{"class":81},[67,151595,2451],{"class":117},[67,151597,144],{"class":81},[14,151599,159],{},[58,151601,151602],{"className":60,"code":149549,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,151603,151604],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151605,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614,151616,151618],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151607,138],{"class":81},[67,151609,464],{"class":85},[67,151611,89],{"class":81},[67,151613,3182],{"class":85},[67,151615,89],{"class":81},[67,151617,2639],{"class":85},[67,151619,144],{"class":81},[14,151621,151622,151623,114],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[45,151624,151626],{"href":151625},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1109,151628,151630],{"id":151629},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151632,63708,151633,151635],{},[17,151634,38226],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[58,151637,151639],{"className":60,"code":151638,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,151640,151641,151677,151691,151695],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151642,151643,151645,151647,151649,151651,151653,151655,151657,151659,151661,151663,151665,151667,151669,151671,151673,151675],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151644,13390],{"class":73},[67,151646,78],{"class":77},[67,151648,10678],{"class":81},[67,151650,240],{"class":239},[67,151652,7860],{"class":243},[67,151654,240],{"class":239},[67,151656,1161],{"class":81},[67,151658,251],{"class":239},[67,151660,986],{"class":243},[67,151662,240],{"class":239},[67,151664,89],{"class":81},[67,151666,251],{"class":239},[67,151668,9486],{"class":243},[67,151670,240],{"class":239},[67,151672,1161],{"class":81},[67,151674,9493],{"class":85},[67,151676,9496],{"class":81},[67,151678,151679,151681,151683,151685,151687,151689],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,151680,2416],{"class":73},[67,151682,78],{"class":77},[67,151684,149336],{"class":362},[67,151686,138],{"class":81},[67,151688,17495],{"class":117},[67,151690,144],{"class":81},[67,151692,151693],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,151694,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,151696,151697,151699,151701,151703],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,151698,135],{"class":134},[67,151700,138],{"class":81},[67,151702,2451],{"class":117},[67,151704,144],{"class":81},[14,151706,30213],{},[58,151708,151710],{"className":60,"code":151709,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"('name', 'age')\n",[17,151711,151712],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151713,151714,151716,151718,151720,151722,151724,151726,151728,151730],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151715,138],{"class":81},[67,151717,333],{"class":239},[67,151719,7860],{"class":243},[67,151721,333],{"class":239},[67,151723,89],{"class":81},[67,151725,342],{"class":239},[67,151727,9486],{"class":243},[67,151729,333],{"class":239},[67,151731,144],{"class":81},[53,151733,151735],{"id":151734},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151737,151738],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151740,151741,151744],{},[17,151742,151743],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[58,151746,151748],{"className":60,"code":151747,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[17,151749,151750,151786,151790,151804],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151751,151752,151754,151756,151758,151760,151762,151764,151766,151768,151770,151772,151774,151776,151778,151780,151782,151784],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151753,13390],{"class":73},[67,151755,78],{"class":77},[67,151757,10678],{"class":81},[67,151759,240],{"class":239},[67,151761,7860],{"class":243},[67,151763,240],{"class":239},[67,151765,1161],{"class":81},[67,151767,251],{"class":239},[67,151769,986],{"class":243},[67,151771,240],{"class":239},[67,151773,89],{"class":81},[67,151775,251],{"class":239},[67,151777,9486],{"class":243},[67,151779,240],{"class":239},[67,151781,1161],{"class":81},[67,151783,9493],{"class":85},[67,151785,9496],{"class":81},[67,151787,151788],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,151789,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,151791,151792,151794,151796,151798,151800,151802],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,151793,135],{"class":134},[67,151795,138],{"class":81},[67,151797,49132],{"class":362},[67,151799,138],{"class":81},[67,151801,17495],{"class":117},[67,151803,1426],{"class":81},[67,151805,151806,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816,151818,151820],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,151807,135],{"class":134},[67,151809,138],{"class":81},[67,151811,49132],{"class":362},[67,151813,138],{"class":81},[67,151815,17495],{"class":117},[67,151817,114],{"class":81},[67,151819,1141],{"class":117},[67,151821,6482],{"class":81},[14,151823,159],{},[58,151825,151827],{"className":60,"code":151826,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[17,151828,151829,151849],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151830,151831,151833,151835,151837,151839,151841,151843,151845,151847],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151832,138],{"class":81},[67,151834,333],{"class":239},[67,151836,7860],{"class":243},[67,151838,333],{"class":239},[67,151840,89],{"class":81},[67,151842,342],{"class":239},[67,151844,9486],{"class":243},[67,151846,333],{"class":239},[67,151848,144],{"class":81},[67,151850,151851,151853,151855,151857,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869,151871,151873,151875,151877,151879,151881],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,151852,5702],{"class":81},[67,151854,333],{"class":239},[67,151856,7860],{"class":243},[67,151858,333],{"class":239},[67,151860,89],{"class":81},[67,151862,342],{"class":239},[67,151864,986],{"class":243},[67,151866,333],{"class":239},[67,151868,9420],{"class":81},[67,151870,9423],{"class":81},[67,151872,333],{"class":239},[67,151874,9486],{"class":243},[67,151876,333],{"class":239},[67,151878,89],{"class":81},[67,151880,9493],{"class":85},[67,151882,1426],{"class":81},[14,151884,18882],{},[25,151886,151887,151892],{},[28,151888,151889,151891],{},[17,151890,151743],{}," for keys",[28,151893,151894,32742],{},[17,151895,151896],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151898,151899,151900,114],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[45,151901,63718],{"href":63717},[53,151903,151905],{"id":151904},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151907,151908,18506],{},[17,151909,38226],{},[25,151911,151912,151915,151918,151921],{},[28,151913,151914],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[28,151916,151917],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[28,151919,151920],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[28,151922,151923],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,151925,222],{},[58,151927,151929],{"className":60,"code":151928,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[17,151930,151931,151950],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151932,151933,151936,151938,151940,151942,151944,151946,151948],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151934,151935],{"class":73},"coordinates ",[67,151937,78],{"class":77},[67,151939,149336],{"class":362},[67,151941,370],{"class":81},[67,151943,2694],{"class":85},[67,151945,89],{"class":81},[67,151947,6185],{"class":85},[67,151949,376],{"class":81},[67,151951,151952,151954,151956,151959],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,151953,135],{"class":134},[67,151955,138],{"class":81},[67,151957,151958],{"class":117},"coordinates",[67,151960,144],{"class":81},[14,151962,159],{},[58,151964,151966],{"className":60,"code":151965,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(4, 7)\n",[17,151967,151968],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,151969,151970,151972,151974,151976,151978],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,151971,138],{"class":81},[67,151973,2694],{"class":85},[67,151975,89],{"class":81},[67,151977,6185],{"class":85},[67,151979,144],{"class":81},[14,151981,151982],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[25,151984,151985,151987,151990,151993],{},[28,151986,151958],{},[28,151988,151989],{},"RGB colors",[28,151991,151992],{},"dates",[28,151994,151995],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[53,151997,151999],{"id":151998},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,152001,44608,152002,1671],{},[17,152003,38226],{},[25,152005,152006,152009,152012],{},[28,152007,152008],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[28,152010,152011],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[28,152013,152014],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,152016,116461,152017,152019],{},[3934,152018,4820],{}," work:",[58,152021,152023],{"className":60,"code":152022,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"tuple(5)\n",[17,152024,152025],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152026,152027,152029,152031,152033],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152028,49132],{"class":362},[67,152030,138],{"class":81},[67,152032,1308],{"class":85},[67,152034,144],{"class":81},[14,152036,152037],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,152039,152040],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[53,152042,115299],{"id":115298},[14,152044,152045],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1109,152047,152049],{"id":152048},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,152051,3026],{},[58,152053,152054],{"className":60,"code":152022,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,152055,152056],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152057,152058,152060,152062,152064],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152059,49132],{"class":362},[67,152061,138],{"class":81},[67,152063,1308],{"class":85},[67,152065,144],{"class":81},[14,152067,29868],{},[58,152069,152070],{"className":60,"code":63822,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,152071,152072],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152073,152074,152076,152078,152080,152082,152084,152086,152088,152090],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152075,1519],{"class":362},[67,152077,1161],{"class":81},[67,152079,342],{"class":239},[67,152081,2376],{"class":243},[67,152083,333],{"class":239},[67,152085,1531],{"class":362},[67,152087,8284],{"class":77},[67,152089,8287],{"class":77},[67,152091,63845],{"class":73},[14,152093,152094,152095,114],{},"If you see this, read ",[45,152096,62459],{"href":52777},[1109,152098,152100],{"id":152099},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,152102,152103],{},"This code:",[58,152105,152107],{"className":60,"code":152106,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[17,152108,152109],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152110,152111,152113,152115,152117,152119,152121],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152112,49132],{"class":362},[67,152114,138],{"class":81},[67,152116,240],{"class":239},[67,152118,4036],{"class":243},[67,152120,240],{"class":239},[67,152122,144],{"class":81},[14,152124,152125],{},"returns:",[58,152127,152129],{"className":60,"code":152128,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[17,152130,152131],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152132,152133,152135,152137,152139,152141,152143,152145,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155,152157,152159,152161,152163,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152134,138],{"class":81},[67,152136,333],{"class":239},[67,152138,60607],{"class":243},[67,152140,333],{"class":239},[67,152142,89],{"class":81},[67,152144,342],{"class":239},[67,152146,60616],{"class":243},[67,152148,333],{"class":239},[67,152150,89],{"class":81},[67,152152,342],{"class":239},[67,152154,60625],{"class":243},[67,152156,333],{"class":239},[67,152158,89],{"class":81},[67,152160,342],{"class":239},[67,152162,60625],{"class":243},[67,152164,333],{"class":239},[67,152166,89],{"class":81},[67,152168,342],{"class":239},[67,152170,60642],{"class":243},[67,152172,333],{"class":239},[67,152174,144],{"class":81},[14,152176,41085,152177,152179],{},[3934,152178,4820],{}," return:",[58,152181,152183],{"className":60,"code":152182,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"('hello',)\n",[17,152184,152185],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152186,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152188,138],{"class":81},[67,152190,333],{"class":239},[67,152192,4036],{"class":243},[67,152194,333],{"class":239},[67,152196,149326],{"class":81},[14,152198,152199],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[58,152201,152203],{"className":60,"code":152202,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[17,152204,152205,152222],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152206,152207,152210,152212,152214,152216,152218,152220],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152208,152209],{"class":73},"single ",[67,152211,78],{"class":77},[67,152213,9423],{"class":81},[67,152215,240],{"class":239},[67,152217,4036],{"class":243},[67,152219,240],{"class":239},[67,152221,149326],{"class":81},[67,152223,152224,152226,152228,152231],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,152225,135],{"class":134},[67,152227,138],{"class":81},[67,152229,152230],{"class":117},"single",[67,152232,144],{"class":81},[1109,152234,152236],{"id":152235},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,152238,152103],{},[58,152240,152242],{"className":60,"code":152241,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[17,152243,152244,152276],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152245,152246,152248,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262,152264,152266,152268,152270,152272,152274],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152247,9352],{"class":73},[67,152249,78],{"class":77},[67,152251,10678],{"class":81},[67,152253,240],{"class":239},[67,152255,45],{"class":243},[67,152257,240],{"class":239},[67,152259,1161],{"class":81},[67,152261,5689],{"class":85},[67,152263,89],{"class":81},[67,152265,251],{"class":239},[67,152267,428],{"class":243},[67,152269,240],{"class":239},[67,152271,1161],{"class":81},[67,152273,3182],{"class":85},[67,152275,9496],{"class":81},[67,152277,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,152279,135],{"class":134},[67,152281,138],{"class":81},[67,152283,49132],{"class":362},[67,152285,138],{"class":81},[67,152287,9391],{"class":117},[67,152289,1426],{"class":81},[14,152291,152292],{},"returns only the keys:",[58,152294,152296],{"className":60,"code":152295,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"('a', 'b')\n",[17,152297,152298],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152299,152300,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152301,138],{"class":81},[67,152303,333],{"class":239},[67,152305,45],{"class":243},[67,152307,333],{"class":239},[67,152309,89],{"class":81},[67,152311,342],{"class":239},[67,152313,428],{"class":243},[67,152315,333],{"class":239},[67,152317,144],{"class":81},[14,152319,152320],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[58,152322,152324],{"className":60,"code":152323,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[17,152325,152326],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152327,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338,152340,152342],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152329,135],{"class":134},[67,152331,138],{"class":81},[67,152333,49132],{"class":362},[67,152335,138],{"class":81},[67,152337,9391],{"class":117},[67,152339,114],{"class":81},[67,152341,1141],{"class":117},[67,152343,6482],{"class":81},[1109,152345,152347],{"id":152346},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152349,152350,152351,152353],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[17,152352,38226],{}," conversion.",[14,152355,5663],{},[58,152357,152359],{"className":60,"code":152358,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[17,152360,152361,152381],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152362,152363,152365,152367,152369,152371,152373,152375,152377,152379],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152364,2634],{"class":73},[67,152366,78],{"class":77},[67,152368,9423],{"class":81},[67,152370,464],{"class":85},[67,152372,89],{"class":81},[67,152374,3182],{"class":85},[67,152376,89],{"class":81},[67,152378,2639],{"class":85},[67,152380,144],{"class":81},[67,152382,152383,152385,152387,152389],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,152384,135],{"class":134},[67,152386,138],{"class":81},[67,152388,2661],{"class":117},[67,152390,144],{"class":81},[14,152392,152393],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152395,25694,152396,152398],{},[17,152397,38226],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[53,152400,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,152402,152404],{"id":152403},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152406,152407],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1109,152409,152411],{"id":152410},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152413,152414,152415,114],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[17,152416,7557],{},[1109,152418,152420],{"id":152419},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152422,152423],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1109,152425,152427],{"id":152426},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152429,152430],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1109,152432,152434],{"id":152433},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152436,152437,152438,114],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[17,152439,1519],{},[53,152441,2094],{"id":2093},[25,152443,152444,152448,152452,152456,152460,152464],{},[28,152445,152446],{},[45,152447,147970],{"href":147969},[28,152449,152450],{},[45,152451,150897],{"href":149273},[28,152453,152454],{},[45,152455,105034],{"href":60224},[28,152457,152458],{},[45,152459,151626],{"href":151625},[28,152461,152462],{},[45,152463,63718],{"href":63717},[28,152465,152466],{},[45,152467,62459],{"href":52777},[2122,152469,152470],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":152472},[152473,152474,152475,152476,152477,152484,152485,152486,152487,152493,152500],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":151100,"depth":103,"text":151101},{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":149646,"depth":103,"text":149647},{"id":151269,"depth":103,"text":151270,"children":152478},[152479,152480,152481,152482,152483],{"id":151273,"depth":124,"text":151274},{"id":151361,"depth":124,"text":151362},{"id":151460,"depth":124,"text":151461},{"id":151540,"depth":124,"text":151541},{"id":151629,"depth":124,"text":151630},{"id":151734,"depth":103,"text":151735},{"id":151904,"depth":103,"text":151905},{"id":151998,"depth":103,"text":151999},{"id":115298,"depth":103,"text":115299,"children":152488},[152489,152490,152491,152492],{"id":152048,"depth":124,"text":152049},{"id":152099,"depth":124,"text":152100},{"id":152235,"depth":124,"text":152236},{"id":152346,"depth":124,"text":152347},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":152494},[152495,152496,152497,152498,152499],{"id":152403,"depth":124,"text":152404},{"id":152410,"depth":124,"text":152411},{"id":152419,"depth":124,"text":152420},{"id":152426,"depth":124,"text":152427},{"id":152433,"depth":124,"text":152434},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150955,"description":152501},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152508,"title":152509,"body":152510,"description":153923,"extension":2153,"meta":153924,"navigation":127,"path":153925,"seo":153926,"stem":153927,"__hash__":153928},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152511,"toc":153895},[152512,152517,152522,152525,152527,152606,152612,152617,152621,152636,152638,152685,152687,152695,152703,152709,152711,152716,152736,152739,152766,152768,152792,152794,152936,152938,152942,152950,152953,152955,153032,153034,153042,153046,153050,153060,153070,153072,153077,153079,153138,153143,153145,153245,153247,153261,153266,153272,153279,153282,153284,153394,153398,153415,153417,153480,153482,153490,153502,153506,153511,153539,153542,153624,153626,153637,153639,153643,153670,153672,153674,153754,153762,153764,153819,153821,153826,153829,153833,153837,153839,153843,153847,153855,153862,153865,153867,153892],[10,152513,147854,152515,11509],{"id":152514},"python-tuple-index-method",[17,152516,59136],{},[14,152518,152519,152521],{},[17,152520,149175],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152523,152524],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[53,152526,56],{"id":55},[58,152528,152530],{"className":60,"code":152529,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[17,152531,152532,152572,152594],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152533,152534,152536,152538,152540,152542,152544,152546,152548,152550,152552,152554,152556,152558,152560,152562,152564,152566,152568,152570],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152535,232],{"class":73},[67,152537,78],{"class":77},[67,152539,9423],{"class":81},[67,152541,240],{"class":239},[67,152543,244],{"class":243},[67,152545,240],{"class":239},[67,152547,89],{"class":81},[67,152549,251],{"class":239},[67,152551,263],{"class":243},[67,152553,240],{"class":239},[67,152555,89],{"class":81},[67,152557,251],{"class":239},[67,152559,254],{"class":243},[67,152561,240],{"class":239},[67,152563,89],{"class":81},[67,152565,251],{"class":239},[67,152567,263],{"class":243},[67,152569,240],{"class":239},[67,152571,144],{"class":81},[67,152573,152574,152576,152578,152580,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,152575,65087],{"class":73},[67,152577,78],{"class":77},[67,152579,281],{"class":73},[67,152581,114],{"class":81},[67,152583,373],{"class":117},[67,152585,138],{"class":81},[67,152587,240],{"class":239},[67,152589,263],{"class":243},[67,152591,240],{"class":239},[67,152593,144],{"class":81},[67,152595,152596,152598,152600,152602,152604],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,152597,135],{"class":134},[67,152599,138],{"class":81},[67,152601,65114],{"class":117},[67,152603,3849],{"class":81},[67,152605,27967],{"class":3852},[14,152607,152608,152611],{},[17,152609,152610],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[53,152613,3867,152615,3870],{"id":152614},"what-tupleindex-does",[17,152616,149175],{},[14,152618,379,152619,11600],{},[17,152620,59136],{},[25,152622,152623,152626,152628,152631],{},[28,152624,152625],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[28,152627,128452],{},[28,152629,152630],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[28,152632,152633,152634],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[17,152635,1031],{},[14,152637,222],{},[58,152639,152641],{"className":60,"code":152640,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[17,152642,152643,152667],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152644,152645,152647,152649,152651,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152646,74],{"class":73},[67,152648,78],{"class":77},[67,152650,9423],{"class":81},[67,152652,86],{"class":85},[67,152654,89],{"class":81},[67,152656,92],{"class":85},[67,152658,89],{"class":81},[67,152660,97],{"class":85},[67,152662,89],{"class":81},[67,152664,92],{"class":85},[67,152666,144],{"class":81},[67,152668,152669,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,152670,135],{"class":134},[67,152672,138],{"class":81},[67,152674,154],{"class":117},[67,152676,114],{"class":81},[67,152678,373],{"class":117},[67,152680,138],{"class":81},[67,152682,1843],{"class":85},[67,152684,1426],{"class":81},[14,152686,159],{},[58,152688,152689],{"className":60,"code":47095,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,152690,152691],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152692,152693],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152694,47095],{"class":85},[14,152696,21166,152697,152699,152700,152702],{},[17,152698,1843],{}," appears twice, ",[17,152701,59136],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152704,151121,152705,114],{},[45,152706,152708],{"href":152707},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[53,152710,352],{"id":351},[14,152712,7955,152713,152715],{},[17,152714,59136],{}," in two ways:",[58,152717,152719],{"className":60,"code":152718,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[17,152720,152721],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152722,152723,152726,152728,152730,152732,152734],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152724,152725],{"class":73},"tuple_name",[67,152727,114],{"class":81},[67,152729,373],{"class":117},[67,152731,138],{"class":81},[67,152733,2661],{"class":117},[67,152735,144],{"class":81},[14,152737,152738],{},"or:",[58,152740,152742],{"className":60,"code":152741,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[17,152743,152744],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152745,152746,152748,152750,152752,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152747,152725],{"class":73},[67,152749,114],{"class":81},[67,152751,373],{"class":117},[67,152753,138],{"class":81},[67,152755,2661],{"class":117},[67,152757,89],{"class":81},[67,152759,36235],{"class":117},[67,152761,89],{"class":81},[67,152763,65208],{"class":117},[67,152765,144],{"class":81},[1109,152767,17583],{"id":17582},[25,152769,152770,152775,152780,152785],{},[28,152771,152772,152774],{},[17,152773,2661],{}," — the item to search for",[28,152776,152777,152779],{},[17,152778,36256],{}," — optional starting position",[28,152781,152782,152784],{},[17,152783,52838],{}," — optional ending position",[28,152786,152787,4973,152789,152791],{},[17,152788,52838],{},[3934,152790,65237],{}," in the search",[14,152793,222],{},[58,152795,152797],{"className":60,"code":152796,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[17,152798,152799,152847,152851,152876,152904],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152800,152801,152803,152805,152807,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152802,411],{"class":73},[67,152804,78],{"class":77},[67,152806,9423],{"class":81},[67,152808,240],{"class":239},[67,152810,45],{"class":243},[67,152812,240],{"class":239},[67,152814,89],{"class":81},[67,152816,251],{"class":239},[67,152818,428],{"class":243},[67,152820,240],{"class":239},[67,152822,89],{"class":81},[67,152824,251],{"class":239},[67,152826,437],{"class":243},[67,152828,240],{"class":239},[67,152830,89],{"class":81},[67,152832,251],{"class":239},[67,152834,428],{"class":243},[67,152836,240],{"class":239},[67,152838,89],{"class":81},[67,152840,251],{"class":239},[67,152842,18955],{"class":243},[67,152844,240],{"class":239},[67,152846,144],{"class":81},[67,152848,152849],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,152850,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,152852,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,152854,135],{"class":134},[67,152856,138],{"class":81},[67,152858,490],{"class":117},[67,152860,114],{"class":81},[67,152862,373],{"class":117},[67,152864,138],{"class":81},[67,152866,240],{"class":239},[67,152868,428],{"class":243},[67,152870,240],{"class":239},[67,152872,5552],{"class":81},[67,152874,152875],{"class":3852},"        # 1\n",[67,152877,152878,152880,152882,152884,152886,152888,152890,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900,152902],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,152879,135],{"class":134},[67,152881,138],{"class":81},[67,152883,490],{"class":117},[67,152885,114],{"class":81},[67,152887,373],{"class":117},[67,152889,138],{"class":81},[67,152891,240],{"class":239},[67,152893,428],{"class":243},[67,152895,240],{"class":239},[67,152897,89],{"class":81},[67,152899,3182],{"class":85},[67,152901,5552],{"class":81},[67,152903,51096],{"class":3852},[67,152905,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,152907,135],{"class":134},[67,152909,138],{"class":81},[67,152911,490],{"class":117},[67,152913,114],{"class":81},[67,152915,373],{"class":117},[67,152917,138],{"class":81},[67,152919,240],{"class":239},[67,152921,428],{"class":243},[67,152923,240],{"class":239},[67,152925,89],{"class":81},[67,152927,5689],{"class":85},[67,152929,89],{"class":81},[67,152931,2639],{"class":85},[67,152933,5552],{"class":81},[67,152935,27967],{"class":3852},[53,152937,103361],{"id":103360},[14,152939,152940,25697],{},[17,152941,149175],{},[25,152943,152944,152947],{},[28,152945,152946],{},"An integer",[28,152948,152949],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,152951,152952],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,152954,222],{},[58,152956,152958],{"className":60,"code":152957,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,152959,152960,153000,153022],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,152961,152962,152964,152966,152968,152970,152972,152974,152976,152978,152980,152982,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,152963,108460],{"class":73},[67,152965,78],{"class":77},[67,152967,9423],{"class":81},[67,152969,240],{"class":239},[67,152971,37227],{"class":243},[67,152973,240],{"class":239},[67,152975,89],{"class":81},[67,152977,251],{"class":239},[67,152979,58296],{"class":243},[67,152981,240],{"class":239},[67,152983,89],{"class":81},[67,152985,251],{"class":239},[67,152987,58313],{"class":243},[67,152989,240],{"class":239},[67,152991,89],{"class":81},[67,152993,251],{"class":239},[67,152995,58296],{"class":243},[67,152997,240],{"class":239},[67,152999,144],{"class":81},[67,153001,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,153003,2416],{"class":73},[67,153005,78],{"class":77},[67,153007,108503],{"class":73},[67,153009,114],{"class":81},[67,153011,373],{"class":117},[67,153013,138],{"class":81},[67,153015,240],{"class":239},[67,153017,58296],{"class":243},[67,153019,240],{"class":239},[67,153021,144],{"class":81},[67,153023,153024,153026,153028,153030],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,153025,135],{"class":134},[67,153027,138],{"class":81},[67,153029,2451],{"class":117},[67,153031,144],{"class":81},[14,153033,159],{},[58,153035,153036],{"className":60,"code":47095,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,153037,153038],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,153039,153040],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,153041,47095],{"class":85},[53,153043,153045],{"id":153044},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,153047,185,153048,1671],{},[17,153049,149175],{},[25,153051,153052,153054,153057],{},[28,153053,66265],{},[28,153055,153056],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[28,153058,153059],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,153061,153062,153063,153066,153067,114],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[17,153064,153065],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[45,153068,149643],{"href":153069},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[53,153071,65798],{"id":65797},[14,153073,153074,153075,114],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[17,153076,40883],{},[14,153078,222],{},[58,153080,153082],{"className":60,"code":153081,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[17,153083,153084,153116],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,153085,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,153087,232],{"class":73},[67,153089,78],{"class":77},[67,153091,9423],{"class":81},[67,153093,240],{"class":239},[67,153095,244],{"class":243},[67,153097,240],{"class":239},[67,153099,89],{"class":81},[67,153101,251],{"class":239},[67,153103,263],{"class":243},[67,153105,240],{"class":239},[67,153107,89],{"class":81},[67,153109,251],{"class":239},[67,153111,254],{"class":243},[67,153113,240],{"class":239},[67,153115,144],{"class":81},[67,153117,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,153119,135],{"class":134},[67,153121,138],{"class":81},[67,153123,312],{"class":117},[67,153125,114],{"class":81},[67,153127,373],{"class":117},[67,153129,138],{"class":81},[67,153131,240],{"class":239},[67,153133,22713],{"class":243},[67,153135,240],{"class":239},[67,153137,1426],{"class":81},[14,153139,39832,153140,153142],{},[17,153141,109785],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,153144,65873],{},[58,153146,153148],{"className":60,"code":153147,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[17,153149,153150,153182,153186,153202,153224,153230],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,153151,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166,153168,153170,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,153153,232],{"class":73},[67,153155,78],{"class":77},[67,153157,9423],{"class":81},[67,153159,240],{"class":239},[67,153161,244],{"class":243},[67,153163,240],{"class":239},[67,153165,89],{"class":81},[67,153167,251],{"class":239},[67,153169,263],{"class":243},[67,153171,240],{"class":239},[67,153173,89],{"class":81},[67,153175,251],{"class":239},[67,153177,254],{"class":243},[67,153179,240],{"class":239},[67,153181,144],{"class":81},[67,153183,153184],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,153185,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,153187,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,153189,1217],{"class":1167},[67,153191,251],{"class":239},[67,153193,22713],{"class":243},[67,153195,240],{"class":239},[67,153197,21362],{"class":77},[67,153199,281],{"class":73},[67,153201,1223],{"class":81},[67,153203,153204,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,153205,1228],{"class":134},[67,153207,138],{"class":81},[67,153209,312],{"class":117},[67,153211,114],{"class":81},[67,153213,373],{"class":117},[67,153215,138],{"class":81},[67,153217,240],{"class":239},[67,153219,22713],{"class":243},[67,153221,240],{"class":239},[67,153223,1426],{"class":81},[67,153225,153226,153228],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,153227,1244],{"class":1167},[67,153229,1223],{"class":81},[67,153231,153232,153234,153236,153238,153241,153243],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,153233,1228],{"class":134},[67,153235,138],{"class":81},[67,153237,240],{"class":239},[67,153239,153240],{"class":243},"Value not found",[67,153242,240],{"class":239},[67,153244,144],{"class":81},[14,153246,159],{},[58,153248,153250],{"className":60,"code":153249,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Value not found\n",[17,153251,153252],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,153253,153254,153257,153259],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,153255,153256],{"class":73},"Value ",[67,153258,4820],{"class":77},[67,153260,65997],{"class":73},[14,153262,153263,153264,114],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[45,153265,66007],{"href":66006},[53,153267,8604,153268,961,153270],{"id":65574},[17,153269,36256],{},[17,153271,52838],{},[14,153273,379,153274,961,153276,153278],{},[17,153275,36256],{},[17,153277,52838],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153280,153281],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153283,222],{},[58,153285,153287],{"className":60,"code":153286,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[17,153288,153289,153317,153321,153342,153366],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,153290,153291,153293,153295,153297,153299,153301,153303,153305,153307,153309,153311,153313,153315],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,153292,4014],{"class":73},[67,153294,78],{"class":77},[67,153296,9423],{"class":81},[67,153298,1308],{"class":85},[67,153300,89],{"class":81},[67,153302,6196],{"class":85},[67,153304,89],{"class":81},[67,153306,4794],{"class":85},[67,153308,89],{"class":81},[67,153310,92],{"class":85},[67,153312,89],{"class":81},[67,153314,4794],{"class":85},[67,153316,144],{"class":81},[67,153318,153319],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,153320,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,153322,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,153324,135],{"class":134},[67,153326,138],{"class":81},[67,153328,5549],{"class":117},[67,153330,114],{"class":81},[67,153332,373],{"class":117},[67,153334,138],{"class":81},[67,153336,1308],{"class":85},[67,153338,5552],{"class":81},[67,153340,153341],{"class":3852},"        # 0\n",[67,153343,153344,153346,153348,153350,153352,153354,153356,153358,153360,153362,153364],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,153345,135],{"class":134},[67,153347,138],{"class":81},[67,153349,5549],{"class":117},[67,153351,114],{"class":81},[67,153353,373],{"class":117},[67,153355,138],{"class":81},[67,153357,1308],{"class":85},[67,153359,89],{"class":81},[67,153361,5689],{"class":85},[67,153363,5552],{"class":81},[67,153365,51130],{"class":3852},[67,153367,153368,153370,153372,153374,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390,153392],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,153369,135],{"class":134},[67,153371,138],{"class":81},[67,153373,5549],{"class":117},[67,153375,114],{"class":81},[67,153377,373],{"class":117},[67,153379,138],{"class":81},[67,153381,1308],{"class":85},[67,153383,89],{"class":81},[67,153385,2639],{"class":85},[67,153387,89],{"class":81},[67,153389,4794],{"class":85},[67,153391,5552],{"class":81},[67,153393,51113],{"class":3852},[1109,153395,153397],{"id":153396},"how-it-works","How it works",[25,153399,153400,153405,153410],{},[28,153401,153402,153404],{},[17,153403,36256],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[28,153406,153407,153409],{},[17,153408,52838],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[28,153411,379,153412,153414],{},[17,153413,52838],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153416,222],{},[58,153418,153420],{"className":60,"code":153419,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[17,153421,153422,153450,153454],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,153423,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434,153436,153438,153440,153442,153444,153446,153448],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,153425,4014],{"class":73},[67,153427,78],{"class":77},[67,153429,9423],{"class":81},[67,153431,1308],{"class":85},[67,153433,89],{"class":81},[67,153435,6196],{"class":85},[67,153437,89],{"class":81},[67,153439,4794],{"class":85},[67,153441,89],{"class":81},[67,153443,92],{"class":85},[67,153445,89],{"class":81},[67,153447,4794],{"class":85},[67,153449,144],{"class":81},[67,153451,153452],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,153453,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,153455,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,153457,135],{"class":134},[67,153459,138],{"class":81},[67,153461,5549],{"class":117},[67,153463,114],{"class":81},[67,153465,373],{"class":117},[67,153467,138],{"class":81},[67,153469,1308],{"class":85},[67,153471,89],{"class":81},[67,153473,5689],{"class":85},[67,153475,89],{"class":81},[67,153477,2645],{"class":85},[67,153479,1426],{"class":81},[14,153481,159],{},[58,153483,153484],{"className":60,"code":17244,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,153485,153486],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,153487,153488],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,153489,17244],{"class":85},[14,153491,153492,153493,1550,153495,17260,153497,153499,153500,114],{},"Python searches positions ",[17,153494,464],{},[17,153496,2245],{},[17,153498,2251],{},", but not ",[17,153501,2694],{},[53,153503,153505],{"id":153504},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153507,153508,153509,1161],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[17,153510,149175],{},[25,153512,153513,153521,153526,153533],{},[28,153514,153515,153516,153518,153519],{},"Do not confuse the ",[3934,153517,2661],{}," with the ",[3934,153520,373],{},[28,153522,153523,153524],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[17,153525,1031],{},[28,153527,185,153528,153532],{},[45,153529,149201,153530,946],{"href":149253},[17,153531,57459],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[28,153534,153535,153536,153538],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[17,153537,153065],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153540,153541],{},"Example of value vs index:",[58,153543,153545],{"className":60,"code":153544,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[17,153546,153547,153579,153583,153607],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,153548,153549,153551,153553,153555,153557,153559,153561,153563,153565,153567,153569,153571,153573,153575,153577],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,153550,680],{"class":73},[67,153552,78],{"class":77},[67,153554,9423],{"class":81},[67,153556,240],{"class":239},[67,153558,689],{"class":243},[67,153560,240],{"class":239},[67,153562,89],{"class":81},[67,153564,251],{"class":239},[67,153566,698],{"class":243},[67,153568,240],{"class":239},[67,153570,89],{"class":81},[67,153572,251],{"class":239},[67,153574,716],{"class":243},[67,153576,240],{"class":239},[67,153578,144],{"class":81},[67,153580,153581],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,153582,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,153584,153585,153587,153589,153591,153593,153595,153597,153599,153601,153603,153605],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,153586,135],{"class":134},[67,153588,138],{"class":81},[67,153590,766],{"class":117},[67,153592,114],{"class":81},[67,153594,373],{"class":117},[67,153596,138],{"class":81},[67,153598,240],{"class":239},[67,153600,698],{"class":243},[67,153602,240],{"class":239},[67,153604,5552],{"class":81},[67,153606,27967],{"class":3852},[67,153608,153609,153611,153613,153615,153617,153619,153621],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,153610,135],{"class":134},[67,153612,138],{"class":81},[67,153614,766],{"class":117},[67,153616,174],{"class":81},[67,153618,464],{"class":85},[67,153620,20634],{"class":81},[67,153622,153623],{"class":3852},"               # banana\n",[14,153625,2366],{},[25,153627,153628,153632],{},[28,153629,153630,15434],{},[17,153631,65442],{},[28,153633,153634,153636],{},[17,153635,464],{}," is the index",[53,153638,1907],{"id":1906},[14,153640,106099,153641,1161],{},[17,153642,149175],{},[25,153644,153645,153648,153653,153658,153665],{},[28,153646,153647],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[28,153649,1930,153650,153652],{},[17,153651,59136],{}," to return all matching positions",[28,153654,153655,153656],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[17,153657,1031],{},[28,153659,153660,153661,961,153663],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[17,153662,36256],{},[17,153664,52838],{},[28,153666,1923,153667,153669],{},[17,153668,149175],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1109,153671,60879],{"id":60878},[14,153673,94361],{},[58,153675,153677],{"className":60,"code":153676,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[17,153678,153679,153689,153703,153718,153736],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,153680,153681,153683,153685,153687],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,153682,135],{"class":134},[67,153684,138],{"class":81},[67,153686,147988],{"class":117},[67,153688,144],{"class":81},[67,153690,153691,153693,153695,153697,153699,153701],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,153692,135],{"class":134},[67,153694,138],{"class":81},[67,153696,1964],{"class":134},[67,153698,138],{"class":81},[67,153700,147988],{"class":117},[67,153702,1426],{"class":81},[67,153704,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713,153716],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,153706,135],{"class":134},[67,153708,138],{"class":81},[67,153710,2634],{"class":117},[67,153712,4074],{"class":1167},[67,153714,153715],{"class":117}," my_tuple",[67,153717,144],{"class":81},[67,153719,153720,153722,153724,153726,153728,153730,153732,153734],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,153721,135],{"class":134},[67,153723,138],{"class":81},[67,153725,147988],{"class":117},[67,153727,114],{"class":81},[67,153729,41439],{"class":117},[67,153731,138],{"class":81},[67,153733,2661],{"class":117},[67,153735,1426],{"class":81},[67,153737,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750,153752],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,153739,135],{"class":134},[67,153741,138],{"class":81},[67,153743,147988],{"class":117},[67,153745,114],{"class":81},[67,153747,373],{"class":117},[67,153749,138],{"class":81},[67,153751,2661],{"class":117},[67,153753,1426],{"class":81},[14,153755,153756,153757,84378,153759,153761],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[17,153758,40883],{},[17,153760,2661],{}," is missing.",[14,153763,129605],{},[58,153765,153767],{"className":60,"code":153766,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[17,153768,153769,153781,153799,153805],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,153770,153771,153773,153775,153777,153779],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,153772,1217],{"class":1167},[67,153774,21773],{"class":73},[67,153776,4074],{"class":77},[67,153778,153715],{"class":73},[67,153780,1223],{"class":81},[67,153782,153783,153785,153787,153789,153791,153793,153795,153797],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,153784,1228],{"class":134},[67,153786,138],{"class":81},[67,153788,147988],{"class":117},[67,153790,114],{"class":81},[67,153792,373],{"class":117},[67,153794,138],{"class":81},[67,153796,2661],{"class":117},[67,153798,1426],{"class":81},[67,153800,153801,153803],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,153802,1244],{"class":1167},[67,153804,1223],{"class":81},[67,153806,153807,153809,153811,153813,153815,153817],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,153808,1228],{"class":134},[67,153810,138],{"class":81},[67,153812,240],{"class":239},[67,153814,153240],{"class":243},[67,153816,240],{"class":239},[67,153818,144],{"class":81},[53,153820,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,153822,5331,153824,12906],{"id":153823},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[17,153825,149175],{},[14,153827,153828],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1109,153830,153832],{"id":153831},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153834,153835,152702],{},[17,153836,149175],{},[1109,153838,149154],{"id":149153},[14,153840,76839,153841,114],{},[17,153842,40883],{},[1109,153844,153846],{"id":153845},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153848,153849,153850,961,153852,153854],{},"Yes. You can use ",[17,153851,36256],{},[17,153853,52838],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1109,153856,15090,153858,57374,153860,2681],{"id":153857},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[17,153859,149175],{},[17,153861,945],{},[14,153863,153864],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[53,153866,2094],{"id":2093},[25,153868,153869,153875,153879,153884,153888],{},[28,153870,153871],{},[45,153872,149201,153873,946],{"href":149253},[17,153874,57459],{},[28,153876,153877],{},[45,153878,149643],{"href":153069},[28,153880,153881],{},[45,153882,153883],{"href":150949},"Creating a tuple in Python",[28,153885,153886],{},[45,153887,66007],{"href":66006},[28,153889,153890],{},[45,153891,150897],{"href":152707},[2122,153893,153894],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352,"children":153901},[153902],{"id":17582,"depth":124,"text":17583},{"id":103360,"depth":103,"text":103361},{"id":153044,"depth":103,"text":153045},{"id":65797,"depth":103,"text":65798},{"id":65574,"depth":103,"text":66356,"children":153907},[153908],{"id":153396,"depth":124,"text":153397},{"id":153504,"depth":103,"text":153505},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907,"children":153911},[153912],{"id":60878,"depth":124,"text":60879},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":153914},[153915,153917,153918,153919,153920],{"id":153823,"depth":124,"text":153916},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153831,"depth":124,"text":153832},{"id":149153,"depth":124,"text":149154},{"id":153845,"depth":124,"text":153846},{"id":153857,"depth":124,"text":153921},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152509,"description":153923},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153930,"title":153931,"body":153932,"description":155327,"extension":2153,"meta":155328,"navigation":127,"path":153069,"seo":155329,"stem":155330,"__hash__":155331},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153933,"toc":155309},[153934,153937,153940,153943,153957,153959,153962,154056,154066,154072,154076,154079,154082,154084,154102,154104,154175,154177,154194,154198,154202,154205,154222,154225,154240,154242,154333,154336,154340,154343,154360,154362,154457,154460,154463,154467,154470,154564,154566,154585,154588,154592,154595,154597,154652,154654,154689,154692,154706,154714,154807,154816,154820,154823,154830,154833,154880,154882,154890,154893,154944,154946,154963,154968,154972,154975,154978,154980,155031,155034,155089,155092,155095,155097,155100,155120,155122,155195,155198,155211,155213,155217,155222,155226,155231,155248,155252,155255,155272,155276,155279,155281,155306],[10,153935,153931],{"id":153936},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,153938,153939],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,153941,153942],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[25,153944,153945,153948,153951,153954],{},[28,153946,153947],{},"positive indexes",[28,153949,153950],{},"negative indexes",[28,153952,153953],{},"common indexing mistakes",[28,153955,153956],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[53,153958,3798],{"id":3797},[14,153960,153961],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[58,153963,153965],{"className":60,"code":153964,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[17,153966,153967,153999,154003,154020,154037],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,153968,153969,153971,153973,153975,153977,153979,153981,153983,153985,153987,153989,153991,153993,153995,153997],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,153970,232],{"class":73},[67,153972,78],{"class":77},[67,153974,9423],{"class":81},[67,153976,240],{"class":239},[67,153978,244],{"class":243},[67,153980,240],{"class":239},[67,153982,89],{"class":81},[67,153984,251],{"class":239},[67,153986,254],{"class":243},[67,153988,240],{"class":239},[67,153990,89],{"class":81},[67,153992,251],{"class":239},[67,153994,263],{"class":243},[67,153996,240],{"class":239},[67,153998,144],{"class":81},[67,154000,154001],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,154002,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,154004,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,154006,135],{"class":134},[67,154008,138],{"class":81},[67,154010,312],{"class":117},[67,154012,174],{"class":81},[67,154014,1031],{"class":85},[67,154016,20634],{"class":81},[67,154018,154019],{"class":3852},"   # red\n",[67,154021,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,154023,135],{"class":134},[67,154025,138],{"class":81},[67,154027,312],{"class":117},[67,154029,174],{"class":81},[67,154031,464],{"class":85},[67,154033,20634],{"class":81},[67,154035,154036],{"class":3852},"   # green\n",[67,154038,154039,154041,154043,154045,154047,154049,154051,154053],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,154040,135],{"class":134},[67,154042,138],{"class":81},[67,154044,312],{"class":117},[67,154046,174],{"class":81},[67,154048,869],{"class":77},[67,154050,464],{"class":85},[67,154052,20634],{"class":81},[67,154054,154055],{"class":3852},"  # blue\n",[25,154057,154058,154063],{},[28,154059,132394,154060,154062],{},[17,154061,1031],{}," is the first item.",[28,154064,154065],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,154067,154068,154069,114],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[45,154070,154071],{"href":147973},"how to create a tuple in Python",[53,154073,154075],{"id":154074},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,154077,154078],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,154080,154081],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,154083,11646],{},[25,154085,154086,154089,154096,154099],{},[28,154087,154088],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[28,154090,154091,154092,19151,154094],{},"Python starts counting at ",[17,154093,1031],{},[17,154095,464],{},[28,154097,154098],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[28,154100,154101],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,154103,222],{},[58,154105,154107],{"className":60,"code":154106,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[17,154108,154109,154129,154133,154147,154161],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,154110,154111,154113,154115,154117,154119,154121,154123,154125,154127],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,154112,74],{"class":73},[67,154114,78],{"class":77},[67,154116,9423],{"class":81},[67,154118,86],{"class":85},[67,154120,89],{"class":81},[67,154122,92],{"class":85},[67,154124,89],{"class":81},[67,154126,97],{"class":85},[67,154128,144],{"class":81},[67,154130,154131],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,154132,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,154134,154135,154137,154139,154141,154143,154145],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,154136,135],{"class":134},[67,154138,138],{"class":81},[67,154140,154],{"class":117},[67,154142,174],{"class":81},[67,154144,1031],{"class":85},[67,154146,376],{"class":81},[67,154148,154149,154151,154153,154155,154157,154159],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,154150,135],{"class":134},[67,154152,138],{"class":81},[67,154154,154],{"class":117},[67,154156,174],{"class":81},[67,154158,464],{"class":85},[67,154160,376],{"class":81},[67,154162,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,154164,135],{"class":134},[67,154166,138],{"class":81},[67,154168,154],{"class":117},[67,154170,174],{"class":81},[67,154172,2245],{"class":85},[67,154174,376],{"class":81},[14,154176,159],{},[58,154178,154180],{"className":60,"code":154179,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"10\n20\n30\n",[17,154181,154182,154186,154190],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,154183,154184],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,154185,2563],{"class":85},[67,154187,154188],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,154189,1646],{"class":85},[67,154191,154192],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,154193,169],{"class":85},[14,154195,59561,154196,114],{},[45,154197,147970],{"href":147969},[53,154199,154201],{"id":154200},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,154203,154204],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[25,154206,154207,154212,154217],{},[28,154208,154209,154211],{},[17,154210,1031],{}," = first item",[28,154213,154214,154216],{},[17,154215,464],{}," = second item",[28,154218,154219,154221],{},[17,154220,2245],{}," = third item",[14,154223,154224],{},"Pattern:",[58,154226,154228],{"className":60,"code":154227,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"tuple_name[index]\n",[17,154229,154230],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,154231,154232,154234,154236,154238],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,154233,152725],{"class":73},[67,154235,174],{"class":81},[67,154237,373],{"class":73},[67,154239,100],{"class":81},[14,154241,222],{},[58,154243,154245],{"className":60,"code":154244,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[17,154246,154247,154279,154283,154300,154316],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,154248,154249,154251,154253,154255,154257,154259,154261,154263,154265,154267,154269,154271,154273,154275,154277],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,154250,680],{"class":73},[67,154252,78],{"class":77},[67,154254,9423],{"class":81},[67,154256,240],{"class":239},[67,154258,689],{"class":243},[67,154260,240],{"class":239},[67,154262,89],{"class":81},[67,154264,251],{"class":239},[67,154266,698],{"class":243},[67,154268,240],{"class":239},[67,154270,89],{"class":81},[67,154272,251],{"class":239},[67,154274,707],{"class":243},[67,154276,240],{"class":239},[67,154278,144],{"class":81},[67,154280,154281],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,154282,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,154284,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,154286,135],{"class":134},[67,154288,138],{"class":81},[67,154290,766],{"class":117},[67,154292,174],{"class":81},[67,154294,1031],{"class":85},[67,154296,20634],{"class":81},[67,154298,154299],{"class":3852},"  # apple\n",[67,154301,154302,154304,154306,154308,154310,154312,154314],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,154303,135],{"class":134},[67,154305,138],{"class":81},[67,154307,766],{"class":117},[67,154309,174],{"class":81},[67,154311,464],{"class":85},[67,154313,20634],{"class":81},[67,154315,51663],{"class":3852},[67,154317,154318,154320,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,154319,135],{"class":134},[67,154321,138],{"class":81},[67,154323,766],{"class":117},[67,154325,174],{"class":81},[67,154327,2245],{"class":85},[67,154329,20634],{"class":81},[67,154331,154332],{"class":3852},"  # cherry\n",[14,154334,154335],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[53,154337,154339],{"id":154338},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154341,154342],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[25,154344,154345,154350,154355],{},[28,154346,154347,154349],{},[17,154348,935],{}," = last item",[28,154351,154352,154354],{},[17,154353,95391],{}," = second-to-last item",[28,154356,154357,154359],{},[17,154358,47849],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154361,222],{},[58,154363,154365],{"className":60,"code":154364,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[17,154366,154367,154399,154403,154421,154439],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,154368,154369,154371,154373,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,154370,680],{"class":73},[67,154372,78],{"class":77},[67,154374,9423],{"class":81},[67,154376,240],{"class":239},[67,154378,689],{"class":243},[67,154380,240],{"class":239},[67,154382,89],{"class":81},[67,154384,251],{"class":239},[67,154386,698],{"class":243},[67,154388,240],{"class":239},[67,154390,89],{"class":81},[67,154392,251],{"class":239},[67,154394,707],{"class":243},[67,154396,240],{"class":239},[67,154398,144],{"class":81},[67,154400,154401],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,154402,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,154404,154405,154407,154409,154411,154413,154415,154417,154419],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,154406,135],{"class":134},[67,154408,138],{"class":81},[67,154410,766],{"class":117},[67,154412,174],{"class":81},[67,154414,869],{"class":77},[67,154416,464],{"class":85},[67,154418,20634],{"class":81},[67,154420,154332],{"class":3852},[67,154422,154423,154425,154427,154429,154431,154433,154435,154437],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,154424,135],{"class":134},[67,154426,138],{"class":81},[67,154428,766],{"class":117},[67,154430,174],{"class":81},[67,154432,869],{"class":77},[67,154434,2245],{"class":85},[67,154436,20634],{"class":81},[67,154438,51663],{"class":3852},[67,154440,154441,154443,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,154442,135],{"class":134},[67,154444,138],{"class":81},[67,154446,766],{"class":117},[67,154448,174],{"class":81},[67,154450,869],{"class":77},[67,154452,2251],{"class":85},[67,154454,20634],{"class":81},[67,154456,154299],{"class":3852},[14,154458,154459],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154461,154462],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[53,154464,154466],{"id":154465},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154468,154469],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[58,154471,154473],{"className":60,"code":154472,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[17,154474,154475,154507,154511,154528,154545],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,154476,154477,154479,154481,154483,154485,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497,154499,154501,154503,154505],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,154478,977],{"class":73},[67,154480,78],{"class":77},[67,154482,9423],{"class":81},[67,154484,240],{"class":239},[67,154486,986],{"class":243},[67,154488,240],{"class":239},[67,154490,89],{"class":81},[67,154492,251],{"class":239},[67,154494,995],{"class":243},[67,154496,240],{"class":239},[67,154498,89],{"class":81},[67,154500,251],{"class":239},[67,154502,1004],{"class":243},[67,154504,240],{"class":239},[67,154506,144],{"class":81},[67,154508,154509],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,154510,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,154512,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521,154523,154525],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,154514,135],{"class":134},[67,154516,138],{"class":81},[67,154518,1057],{"class":117},[67,154520,174],{"class":81},[67,154522,1031],{"class":85},[67,154524,20634],{"class":81},[67,154526,154527],{"class":3852},"   # first item\n",[67,154529,154530,154532,154534,154536,154538,154540,154542],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,154531,135],{"class":134},[67,154533,138],{"class":81},[67,154535,1057],{"class":117},[67,154537,174],{"class":81},[67,154539,464],{"class":85},[67,154541,20634],{"class":81},[67,154543,154544],{"class":3852},"   # middle item\n",[67,154546,154547,154549,154551,154553,154555,154557,154559,154561],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,154548,135],{"class":134},[67,154550,138],{"class":81},[67,154552,1057],{"class":117},[67,154554,174],{"class":81},[67,154556,869],{"class":77},[67,154558,464],{"class":85},[67,154560,20634],{"class":81},[67,154562,154563],{"class":3852},"  # last item\n",[14,154565,159],{},[58,154567,154569],{"className":60,"code":154568,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[17,154570,154571,154575,154580],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,154572,154573],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,154574,1071],{"class":73},[67,154576,154577],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,154578,154579],{"class":73},"Ben\n",[67,154581,154582],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,154583,154584],{"class":73},"Cara\n",[14,154586,154587],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[53,154589,154591],{"id":154590},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154593,154594],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154596,222],{},[58,154598,154600],{"className":60,"code":154599,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[17,154601,154602,154634,154638],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,154603,154604,154606,154608,154610,154612,154614,154616,154618,154620,154622,154624,154626,154628,154630,154632],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,154605,411],{"class":73},[67,154607,78],{"class":77},[67,154609,9423],{"class":81},[67,154611,240],{"class":239},[67,154613,45],{"class":243},[67,154615,240],{"class":239},[67,154617,89],{"class":81},[67,154619,251],{"class":239},[67,154621,428],{"class":243},[67,154623,240],{"class":239},[67,154625,89],{"class":81},[67,154627,251],{"class":239},[67,154629,437],{"class":243},[67,154631,240],{"class":239},[67,154633,144],{"class":81},[67,154635,154636],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,154637,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,154639,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,154641,135],{"class":134},[67,154643,138],{"class":81},[67,154645,490],{"class":117},[67,154647,174],{"class":81},[67,154649,1308],{"class":85},[67,154651,376],{"class":81},[14,154653,159],{},[58,154655,154657],{"className":60,"code":154656,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[17,154658,154659,154671,154676],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,154660,154661,154664,154666,154669],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,154662,154663],{"class":117},"Traceback ",[67,154665,138],{"class":81},[67,154667,154668],{"class":117},"most recent call last",[67,154670,1407],{"class":81},[67,154672,154673],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,154674,154675],{"class":34638},"  ...\n",[67,154677,154678,154680,154682,154684,154687],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,154679,1121],{"class":362},[67,154681,1161],{"class":81},[67,154683,149336],{"class":362},[67,154685,154686],{"class":73}," index out of ",[67,154688,1329],{"class":134},[14,154690,154691],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[25,154693,154694,154698,154702],{},[28,154695,154696],{},[17,154697,1031],{},[28,154699,154700],{},[17,154701,464],{},[28,154703,154704],{},[17,154705,2245],{},[14,154707,154708,154709,114],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[45,154710,154711,154713],{"href":149208},[17,154712,1339],{}," on a tuple",[58,154715,154717],{"className":60,"code":154716,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[17,154718,154719,154751,154755,154771,154775,154793],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,154720,154721,154723,154725,154727,154729,154731,154733,154735,154737,154739,154741,154743,154745,154747,154749],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,154722,411],{"class":73},[67,154724,78],{"class":77},[67,154726,9423],{"class":81},[67,154728,240],{"class":239},[67,154730,45],{"class":243},[67,154732,240],{"class":239},[67,154734,89],{"class":81},[67,154736,251],{"class":239},[67,154738,428],{"class":243},[67,154740,240],{"class":239},[67,154742,89],{"class":81},[67,154744,251],{"class":239},[67,154746,437],{"class":243},[67,154748,240],{"class":239},[67,154750,144],{"class":81},[67,154752,154753],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,154754,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,154756,154757,154759,154761,154763,154765,154767,154769],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,154758,135],{"class":134},[67,154760,138],{"class":81},[67,154762,1964],{"class":134},[67,154764,138],{"class":81},[67,154766,490],{"class":117},[67,154768,5552],{"class":81},[67,154770,50948],{"class":3852},[67,154772,154773],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,154774,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,154776,154777,154779,154781,154783,154785,154787,154789,154791],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,154778,1217],{"class":1167},[67,154780,1400],{"class":134},[67,154782,138],{"class":81},[67,154784,490],{"class":117},[67,154786,3849],{"class":81},[67,154788,38575],{"class":77},[67,154790,3182],{"class":85},[67,154792,1223],{"class":81},[67,154794,154795,154797,154799,154801,154803,154805],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,154796,1228],{"class":134},[67,154798,138],{"class":81},[67,154800,490],{"class":117},[67,154802,174],{"class":81},[67,154804,2245],{"class":85},[67,154806,376],{"class":81},[14,154808,154809,154810,114],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[45,154811,25868,154813],{"href":154812},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[17,154814,154815],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[53,154817,154819],{"id":154818},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154821,154822],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[25,154824,154825,154827],{},[28,154826,76856],{},[28,154828,154829],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154831,154832],{},"Indexing example:",[58,154834,154836],{"className":60,"code":154835,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[17,154837,154838,154862,154866],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,154839,154840,154842,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854,154856,154858,154860],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,154841,74],{"class":73},[67,154843,78],{"class":77},[67,154845,9423],{"class":81},[67,154847,86],{"class":85},[67,154849,89],{"class":81},[67,154851,92],{"class":85},[67,154853,89],{"class":81},[67,154855,97],{"class":85},[67,154857,89],{"class":81},[67,154859,51021],{"class":85},[67,154861,144],{"class":81},[67,154863,154864],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,154865,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,154867,154868,154870,154872,154874,154876,154878],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,154869,135],{"class":134},[67,154871,138],{"class":81},[67,154873,154],{"class":117},[67,154875,174],{"class":81},[67,154877,464],{"class":85},[67,154879,376],{"class":81},[14,154881,159],{},[58,154883,154884],{"className":60,"code":1646,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,154885,154886],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,154887,154888],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,154889,1646],{"class":85},[14,154891,154892],{},"Slicing example:",[58,154894,154896],{"className":60,"code":154895,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[17,154897,154898,154922,154926],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,154899,154900,154902,154904,154906,154908,154910,154912,154914,154916,154918,154920],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,154901,74],{"class":73},[67,154903,78],{"class":77},[67,154905,9423],{"class":81},[67,154907,86],{"class":85},[67,154909,89],{"class":81},[67,154911,92],{"class":85},[67,154913,89],{"class":81},[67,154915,97],{"class":85},[67,154917,89],{"class":81},[67,154919,51021],{"class":85},[67,154921,144],{"class":81},[67,154923,154924],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,154925,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,154927,154928,154930,154932,154934,154936,154938,154940,154942],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,154929,135],{"class":134},[67,154931,138],{"class":81},[67,154933,154],{"class":117},[67,154935,174],{"class":81},[67,154937,464],{"class":85},[67,154939,1161],{"class":81},[67,154941,2251],{"class":85},[67,154943,376],{"class":81},[14,154945,159],{},[58,154947,154949],{"className":60,"code":154948,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(20, 30)\n",[17,154950,154951],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,154952,154953,154955,154957,154959,154961],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,154954,138],{"class":81},[67,154956,1843],{"class":85},[67,154958,89],{"class":81},[67,154960,97],{"class":85},[67,154962,144],{"class":81},[14,154964,154965,154966,114],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[45,154967,150887],{"href":150886},[53,154969,154971],{"id":154970},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,154973,154974],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,154976,154977],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,154979,6880],{},[58,154981,154983],{"className":60,"code":154982,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[17,154984,154985,155017],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,154986,154987,154989,154991,154993,154995,154997,154999,155001,155003,155005,155007,155009,155011,155013,155015],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,154988,232],{"class":73},[67,154990,78],{"class":77},[67,154992,9423],{"class":81},[67,154994,240],{"class":239},[67,154996,244],{"class":243},[67,154998,240],{"class":239},[67,155000,89],{"class":81},[67,155002,251],{"class":239},[67,155004,254],{"class":243},[67,155006,240],{"class":239},[67,155008,89],{"class":81},[67,155010,251],{"class":239},[67,155012,263],{"class":243},[67,155014,240],{"class":239},[67,155016,144],{"class":81},[67,155018,155019,155021,155023,155025,155027,155029],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,155020,135],{"class":134},[67,155022,138],{"class":81},[67,155024,312],{"class":117},[67,155026,174],{"class":81},[67,155028,464],{"class":85},[67,155030,376],{"class":81},[14,155032,155033],{},"But this does not work:",[58,155035,155037],{"className":60,"code":155036,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[17,155038,155039,155071],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155040,155041,155043,155045,155047,155049,155051,155053,155055,155057,155059,155061,155063,155065,155067,155069],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155042,232],{"class":73},[67,155044,78],{"class":77},[67,155046,9423],{"class":81},[67,155048,240],{"class":239},[67,155050,244],{"class":243},[67,155052,240],{"class":239},[67,155054,89],{"class":81},[67,155056,251],{"class":239},[67,155058,254],{"class":243},[67,155060,240],{"class":239},[67,155062,89],{"class":81},[67,155064,251],{"class":239},[67,155066,263],{"class":243},[67,155068,240],{"class":239},[67,155070,144],{"class":81},[67,155072,155073,155075,155077,155079,155081,155083,155085,155087],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,155074,312],{"class":73},[67,155076,174],{"class":81},[67,155078,464],{"class":85},[67,155080,13459],{"class":81},[67,155082,13462],{"class":77},[67,155084,251],{"class":239},[67,155086,22713],{"class":243},[67,155088,3547],{"class":239},[14,155090,155091],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,155093,155094],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[53,155096,1907],{"id":1906},[14,155098,155099],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[25,155101,155102,155108,155111,155114],{},[28,155103,132698,155104,11279,155106],{},[17,155105,464],{},[17,155107,1031],{},[28,155109,155110],{},"Using an index that is too large",[28,155112,155113],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[28,155115,155116,155117],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[17,155118,155119],{},"tuple[index]",[14,155121,62463],{},[58,155123,155125],{"className":60,"code":155124,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[17,155126,155127,155137,155151,155165,155181],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155128,155129,155131,155133,155135],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155130,135],{"class":134},[67,155132,138],{"class":81},[67,155134,147988],{"class":117},[67,155136,144],{"class":81},[67,155138,155139,155141,155143,155145,155147,155149],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,155140,135],{"class":134},[67,155142,138],{"class":81},[67,155144,1964],{"class":134},[67,155146,138],{"class":81},[67,155148,147988],{"class":117},[67,155150,1426],{"class":81},[67,155152,155153,155155,155157,155159,155161,155163],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,155154,135],{"class":134},[67,155156,138],{"class":81},[67,155158,147988],{"class":117},[67,155160,174],{"class":81},[67,155162,1031],{"class":85},[67,155164,376],{"class":81},[67,155166,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,155168,135],{"class":134},[67,155170,138],{"class":81},[67,155172,147988],{"class":117},[67,155174,174],{"class":81},[67,155176,869],{"class":77},[67,155178,464],{"class":85},[67,155180,376],{"class":81},[67,155182,155183,155185,155187,155189,155191,155193],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,155184,135],{"class":134},[67,155186,138],{"class":81},[67,155188,2011],{"class":362},[67,155190,138],{"class":81},[67,155192,147988],{"class":117},[67,155194,1426],{"class":81},[14,155196,155197],{},"These can help you confirm:",[25,155199,155200,155203,155205,155208],{},[28,155201,155202],{},"what the tuple contains",[28,155204,60953],{},[28,155206,155207],{},"what the first and last items are",[28,155209,155210],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[53,155212,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,155214,155216],{"id":155215},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,155218,155219,155220,114],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[17,155221,1031],{},[1109,155223,155225],{"id":155224},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,155227,185,155228,155230],{},[17,155229,935],{}," as the index:",[58,155232,155234],{"className":60,"code":155233,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[17,155235,155236],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155237,155238,155240,155242,155244,155246],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155239,147988],{"class":73},[67,155241,174],{"class":81},[67,155243,869],{"class":77},[67,155245,464],{"class":85},[67,155247,100],{"class":81},[1109,155249,155251],{"id":155250},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,155253,155254],{},"Python raises:",[58,155256,155258],{"className":60,"code":155257,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[17,155259,155260],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155261,155262,155264,155266,155268,155270],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155263,1121],{"class":362},[67,155265,1161],{"class":81},[67,155267,149336],{"class":362},[67,155269,154686],{"class":73},[67,155271,1329],{"class":134},[1109,155273,155275],{"id":155274},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155277,155278],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[53,155280,2094],{"id":2093},[25,155282,155283,155288,155292,155296,155302],{},[28,155284,155285],{},[45,155286,155287],{"href":147973},"How to create a tuple in Python",[28,155289,155290],{},[45,155291,150887],{"href":150886},[28,155293,155294],{},[45,155295,150892],{"href":149208},[28,155297,155298],{},[45,155299,26311,155300],{"href":154812},[17,155301,154815],{},[28,155303,155304],{},[45,155305,147970],{"href":147969},[2122,155307,155308],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":155310},[155311,155312,155313,155314,155315,155316,155317,155318,155319,155320,155326],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":154074,"depth":103,"text":154075},{"id":154200,"depth":103,"text":154201},{"id":154338,"depth":103,"text":154339},{"id":154465,"depth":103,"text":154466},{"id":154590,"depth":103,"text":154591},{"id":154818,"depth":103,"text":154819},{"id":154970,"depth":103,"text":154971},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":155321},[155322,155323,155324,155325],{"id":155215,"depth":124,"text":155216},{"id":155224,"depth":124,"text":155225},{"id":155250,"depth":124,"text":155251},{"id":155274,"depth":124,"text":155275},{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153931,"description":155327},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155333,"title":155334,"body":155335,"description":157224,"extension":2153,"meta":157225,"navigation":127,"path":157226,"seo":157227,"stem":157228,"__hash__":157229},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155336,"toc":157181},[155337,155343,155348,155399,155403,155411,155417,155419,155435,155437,155440,155455,155457,155470,155472,155529,155533,155541,155548,155554,155560,155564,155615,155619,155627,155631,155660,155664,155672,155676,155709,155713,155721,155725,155728,155779,155783,155791,155793,155810,155814,155818,155877,155881,155889,155892,155919,155923,155931,155935,155941,156016,156020,156057,156065,156069,156132,156136,156144,156149,156153,156159,156202,156206,156214,156220,156223,156270,156274,156282,156291,156297,156352,156356,156364,156367,156371,156373,156404,156408,156427,156430,156475,156479,156502,156508,156513,156515,156562,156567,156570,156618,156622,156630,156634,156639,156643,156693,156697,156712,156716,156774,156778,156793,156797,156868,156872,156881,156885,156964,156968,156990,156998,157000,157003,157028,157030,157083,157085,157102,157104,157108,157114,157119,157124,157128,157133,157137,157142,157148,157151,157153,157178],[10,155338,155340,155341,3849],{"id":155339},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[17,155342,1964],{},[14,155344,185,155345,155347],{},[17,155346,1339],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[58,155349,155351],{"className":60,"code":155350,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[17,155352,155353,155385],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155354,155355,155357,155359,155361,155363,155365,155367,155369,155371,155373,155375,155377,155379,155381,155383],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155356,232],{"class":73},[67,155358,78],{"class":77},[67,155360,9423],{"class":81},[67,155362,240],{"class":239},[67,155364,244],{"class":243},[67,155366,240],{"class":239},[67,155368,89],{"class":81},[67,155370,251],{"class":239},[67,155372,254],{"class":243},[67,155374,240],{"class":239},[67,155376,89],{"class":81},[67,155378,251],{"class":239},[67,155380,263],{"class":243},[67,155382,240],{"class":239},[67,155384,144],{"class":81},[67,155386,155387,155389,155391,155393,155395,155397],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,155388,135],{"class":134},[67,155390,138],{"class":81},[67,155392,1964],{"class":134},[67,155394,138],{"class":81},[67,155396,312],{"class":117},[67,155398,1426],{"class":81},[14,155400,155401],{},[3934,155402,159],{},[58,155404,155405],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,155406,155407],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155408,155409],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155410,46795],{"class":85},[14,155412,185,155413,155416],{},[17,155414,155415],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[53,155418,15350],{"id":15349},[25,155420,155421,155426,155430,155433],{},[28,155422,4387,155423,155425],{},[17,155424,1339],{}," works with tuples",[28,155427,68425,155428,11894],{},[17,155429,1339],{},[28,155431,155432],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[28,155434,4707],{},[53,155436,352],{"id":351},[14,155438,155439],{},"Use this pattern:",[58,155441,155443],{"className":60,"code":155442,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"len(my_tuple)\n",[17,155444,155445],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155446,155447,155449,155451,155453],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155448,1964],{"class":134},[67,155450,138],{"class":81},[67,155452,147988],{"class":117},[67,155454,144],{"class":81},[14,155456,11646],{},[25,155458,155459,155462,155465],{},[28,155460,155461],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[28,155463,155464],{},"The result is an integer",[28,155466,155467,155469],{},[17,155468,1339],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155471,222],{},[58,155473,155475],{"className":60,"code":155474,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[17,155476,155477,155501,155515,155519],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155478,155479,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155480,74],{"class":73},[67,155482,78],{"class":77},[67,155484,9423],{"class":81},[67,155486,86],{"class":85},[67,155488,89],{"class":81},[67,155490,92],{"class":85},[67,155492,89],{"class":81},[67,155494,97],{"class":85},[67,155496,89],{"class":81},[67,155498,51021],{"class":85},[67,155500,144],{"class":81},[67,155502,155503,155505,155507,155509,155511,155513],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,155504,41421],{"class":73},[67,155506,78],{"class":77},[67,155508,1400],{"class":134},[67,155510,138],{"class":81},[67,155512,154],{"class":117},[67,155514,144],{"class":81},[67,155516,155517],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,155518,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,155520,155521,155523,155525,155527],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,155522,135],{"class":134},[67,155524,138],{"class":81},[67,155526,41439],{"class":117},[67,155528,144],{"class":81},[14,155530,155531],{},[3934,155532,159],{},[58,155534,155535],{"className":60,"code":48829,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,155536,155537],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155538,155539],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155540,48829],{"class":85},[14,155542,155543,155544,114],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[45,155545,3764,155546,3697],{"href":42538},[17,155547,1339],{},[53,155549,3867,155551,155553],{"id":155550},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[17,155552,1339],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155555,155556,155557,155559],{},"For a tuple, ",[17,155558,1339],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1109,155561,155563],{"id":155562},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[58,155565,155567],{"className":60,"code":155566,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[17,155568,155569,155601],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155570,155571,155573,155575,155577,155579,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589,155591,155593,155595,155597,155599],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155572,680],{"class":73},[67,155574,78],{"class":77},[67,155576,9423],{"class":81},[67,155578,240],{"class":239},[67,155580,689],{"class":243},[67,155582,240],{"class":239},[67,155584,89],{"class":81},[67,155586,251],{"class":239},[67,155588,698],{"class":243},[67,155590,240],{"class":239},[67,155592,89],{"class":81},[67,155594,251],{"class":239},[67,155596,716],{"class":243},[67,155598,240],{"class":239},[67,155600,144],{"class":81},[67,155602,155603,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,155604,135],{"class":134},[67,155606,138],{"class":81},[67,155608,1964],{"class":134},[67,155610,138],{"class":81},[67,155612,766],{"class":117},[67,155614,1426],{"class":81},[14,155616,155617],{},[3934,155618,159],{},[58,155620,155621],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,155622,155623],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155624,155625],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155626,46795],{"class":85},[1109,155628,155630],{"id":155629},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[58,155632,155634],{"className":60,"code":155633,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[17,155635,155636,155645],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155637,155638,155641,155643],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155639,155640],{"class":73},"empty_tuple ",[67,155642,78],{"class":77},[67,155644,149312],{"class":81},[67,155646,155647,155649,155651,155653,155655,155658],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,155648,135],{"class":134},[67,155650,138],{"class":81},[67,155652,1964],{"class":134},[67,155654,138],{"class":81},[67,155656,155657],{"class":117},"empty_tuple",[67,155659,1426],{"class":81},[14,155661,155662],{},[3934,155663,159],{},[58,155665,155666],{"className":60,"code":47430,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,155667,155668],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155669,155670],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155671,47430],{"class":85},[1109,155673,155675],{"id":155674},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[58,155677,155679],{"className":60,"code":155678,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[17,155680,155681,155694],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155682,155683,155686,155688,155690,155692],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155684,155685],{"class":73},"single_value ",[67,155687,78],{"class":77},[67,155689,9423],{"class":81},[67,155691,1308],{"class":85},[67,155693,149326],{"class":81},[67,155695,155696,155698,155700,155702,155704,155707],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,155697,135],{"class":134},[67,155699,138],{"class":81},[67,155701,1964],{"class":134},[67,155703,138],{"class":81},[67,155705,155706],{"class":117},"single_value",[67,155708,1426],{"class":81},[14,155710,155711],{},[3934,155712,159],{},[58,155714,155715],{"className":60,"code":47095,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,155716,155717],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155718,155719],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155720,47095],{"class":85},[1109,155722,155724],{"id":155723},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155726,155727],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[58,155729,155731],{"className":60,"code":155730,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[17,155732,155733,155765],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155734,155735,155737,155739,155741,155743,155745,155747,155749,155751,155753,155755,155757,155759,155761,155763],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155736,9352],{"class":73},[67,155738,78],{"class":77},[67,155740,9423],{"class":81},[67,155742,464],{"class":85},[67,155744,89],{"class":81},[67,155746,9423],{"class":81},[67,155748,2245],{"class":85},[67,155750,89],{"class":81},[67,155752,2639],{"class":85},[67,155754,9420],{"class":81},[67,155756,82],{"class":81},[67,155758,2694],{"class":85},[67,155760,89],{"class":81},[67,155762,4794],{"class":85},[67,155764,376],{"class":81},[67,155766,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,155768,135],{"class":134},[67,155770,138],{"class":81},[67,155772,1964],{"class":134},[67,155774,138],{"class":81},[67,155776,9391],{"class":117},[67,155778,1426],{"class":81},[14,155780,155781],{},[3934,155782,159],{},[58,155784,155785],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,155786,155787],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155788,155789],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155790,46795],{"class":85},[14,155792,20145],{},[25,155794,155795,155800,155805],{},[28,155796,155797,155799],{},[17,155798,464],{}," is one item",[28,155801,155802,155799],{},[17,155803,155804],{},"(2, 3)",[28,155806,155807,155799],{},[17,155808,155809],{},"[4, 5]",[53,155811,155813],{"id":155812},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1109,155815,155817],{"id":155816},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[58,155819,155821],{"className":60,"code":155820,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[17,155822,155823,155863],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155824,155825,155827,155829,155831,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843,155845,155847,155849,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155826,232],{"class":73},[67,155828,78],{"class":77},[67,155830,9423],{"class":81},[67,155832,240],{"class":239},[67,155834,244],{"class":243},[67,155836,240],{"class":239},[67,155838,89],{"class":81},[67,155840,251],{"class":239},[67,155842,254],{"class":243},[67,155844,240],{"class":239},[67,155846,89],{"class":81},[67,155848,251],{"class":239},[67,155850,263],{"class":243},[67,155852,240],{"class":239},[67,155854,89],{"class":81},[67,155856,251],{"class":239},[67,155858,22713],{"class":243},[67,155860,240],{"class":239},[67,155862,144],{"class":81},[67,155864,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,155866,135],{"class":134},[67,155868,138],{"class":81},[67,155870,1964],{"class":134},[67,155872,138],{"class":81},[67,155874,312],{"class":117},[67,155876,1426],{"class":81},[14,155878,155879],{},[3934,155880,159],{},[58,155882,155883],{"className":60,"code":48829,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,155884,155885],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155886,155887],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155888,48829],{"class":85},[1109,155890,155630],{"id":155891},"empty-tuple-1",[58,155893,155895],{"className":60,"code":155894,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[17,155896,155897,155905],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155898,155899,155901,155903],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155900,1131],{"class":73},[67,155902,78],{"class":77},[67,155904,149312],{"class":81},[67,155906,155907,155909,155911,155913,155915,155917],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,155908,135],{"class":134},[67,155910,138],{"class":81},[67,155912,1964],{"class":134},[67,155914,138],{"class":81},[67,155916,1141],{"class":117},[67,155918,1426],{"class":81},[14,155920,155921],{},[3934,155922,159],{},[58,155924,155925],{"className":60,"code":47430,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,155926,155927],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155928,155929],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155930,47430],{"class":85},[1109,155932,155934],{"id":155933},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,155936,155937,155938,155940],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[3934,155939,4820],{}," always a tuple.",[58,155942,155944],{"className":60,"code":155943,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[17,155945,155946,155958,155970,155974,155988,156002],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,155947,155948,155950,155952,155954,155956],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,155949,2744],{"class":73},[67,155951,78],{"class":77},[67,155953,9423],{"class":81},[67,155955,1308],{"class":85},[67,155957,144],{"class":81},[67,155959,155960,155962,155964,155966,155968],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,155961,2772],{"class":73},[67,155963,78],{"class":77},[67,155965,9423],{"class":81},[67,155967,1308],{"class":85},[67,155969,149326],{"class":81},[67,155971,155972],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,155973,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,155975,155976,155978,155980,155982,155984,155986],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,155977,135],{"class":134},[67,155979,138],{"class":81},[67,155981,2011],{"class":362},[67,155983,138],{"class":81},[67,155985,45],{"class":117},[67,155987,1426],{"class":81},[67,155989,155990,155992,155994,155996,155998,156000],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,155991,135],{"class":134},[67,155993,138],{"class":81},[67,155995,2011],{"class":362},[67,155997,138],{"class":81},[67,155999,428],{"class":117},[67,156001,1426],{"class":81},[67,156003,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,156005,135],{"class":134},[67,156007,138],{"class":81},[67,156009,1964],{"class":134},[67,156011,138],{"class":81},[67,156013,428],{"class":117},[67,156015,1426],{"class":81},[14,156017,156018],{},[3934,156019,159],{},[58,156021,156023],{"className":60,"code":156022,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[17,156024,156025,156039,156053],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156026,156027,156029,156031,156033,156035,156037],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156028,1397],{"class":77},[67,156030,3482],{"class":2254},[67,156032,342],{"class":239},[67,156034,2376],{"class":243},[67,156036,333],{"class":239},[67,156038,3491],{"class":77},[67,156040,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,156042,1397],{"class":77},[67,156044,3482],{"class":2254},[67,156046,342],{"class":239},[67,156048,49132],{"class":243},[67,156050,333],{"class":239},[67,156052,3491],{"class":77},[67,156054,156055],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,156056,47095],{"class":85},[14,156058,156059,156060,961,156063,114],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[45,156061,156062],{"href":147973},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[45,156064,149274],{"href":149273},[1109,156066,156068],{"id":156067},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[58,156070,156072],{"className":60,"code":156071,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[17,156073,156074,156118],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156075,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084,156086,156088,156090,156092,156094,156096,156098,156100,156102,156104,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156077,59641],{"class":73},[67,156079,78],{"class":77},[67,156081,9423],{"class":81},[67,156083,240],{"class":239},[67,156085,689],{"class":243},[67,156087,240],{"class":239},[67,156089,89],{"class":81},[67,156091,82],{"class":81},[67,156093,464],{"class":85},[67,156095,89],{"class":81},[67,156097,3182],{"class":85},[67,156099,18249],{"class":81},[67,156101,9423],{"class":81},[67,156103,240],{"class":239},[67,156105,2361],{"class":243},[67,156107,240],{"class":239},[67,156109,89],{"class":81},[67,156111,251],{"class":239},[67,156113,11934],{"class":243},[67,156115,240],{"class":239},[67,156117,1426],{"class":81},[67,156119,156120,156122,156124,156126,156128,156130],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,156121,135],{"class":134},[67,156123,138],{"class":81},[67,156125,1964],{"class":134},[67,156127,138],{"class":81},[67,156129,59694],{"class":117},[67,156131,1426],{"class":81},[14,156133,156134],{},[3934,156135,159],{},[58,156137,156138],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,156139,156140],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156141,156142],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156143,46795],{"class":85},[14,156145,156146,156148],{},[17,156147,1339],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[53,156150,156152],{"id":156151},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1109,156154,156156,156158],{"id":156155},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[17,156157,1339],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[58,156160,156162],{"className":60,"code":156161,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[17,156163,156164,156188],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156165,156166,156168,156170,156172,156174,156176,156178,156180,156182,156184,156186],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156167,4261],{"class":73},[67,156169,78],{"class":77},[67,156171,9423],{"class":81},[67,156173,240],{"class":239},[67,156175,63764],{"class":243},[67,156177,240],{"class":239},[67,156179,89],{"class":81},[67,156181,251],{"class":239},[67,156183,62],{"class":243},[67,156185,240],{"class":239},[67,156187,144],{"class":81},[67,156189,156190,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,156191,135],{"class":134},[67,156193,138],{"class":81},[67,156195,1964],{"class":134},[67,156197,138],{"class":81},[67,156199,4302],{"class":117},[67,156201,1426],{"class":81},[14,156203,156204],{},[3934,156205,159],{},[58,156207,156208],{"className":60,"code":17244,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,156209,156210],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156211,156212],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156213,17244],{"class":85},[14,156215,156216,156217,156219],{},"This result is ",[17,156218,2245],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,156221,156222],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[58,156224,156226],{"className":60,"code":156225,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[17,156227,156228,156252],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156229,156230,156232,156234,156236,156238,156240,156242,156244,156246,156248,156250],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156231,4261],{"class":73},[67,156233,78],{"class":77},[67,156235,9423],{"class":81},[67,156237,240],{"class":239},[67,156239,63764],{"class":243},[67,156241,240],{"class":239},[67,156243,89],{"class":81},[67,156245,251],{"class":239},[67,156247,62],{"class":243},[67,156249,240],{"class":239},[67,156251,144],{"class":81},[67,156253,156254,156256,156258,156260,156262,156264,156266,156268],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,156255,135],{"class":134},[67,156257,138],{"class":81},[67,156259,1964],{"class":134},[67,156261,138],{"class":81},[67,156263,4302],{"class":117},[67,156265,174],{"class":81},[67,156267,1031],{"class":85},[67,156269,3189],{"class":81},[14,156271,156272],{},[3934,156273,159],{},[58,156275,156276],{"className":60,"code":17244,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,156277,156278],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156279,156280],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156281,17244],{"class":85},[14,156283,20959,156284,156287,156288,114],{},[17,156285,156286],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[17,156289,156290],{},"\"hi\"",[1109,156292,156294,156296],{"id":156293},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[17,156295,1339],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[58,156298,156300],{"className":60,"code":156299,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[17,156301,156302,156338],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156303,156304,156306,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316,156318,156320,156322,156324,156326,156328,156330,156332,156334,156336],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156305,4014],{"class":73},[67,156307,78],{"class":77},[67,156309,10182],{"class":81},[67,156311,464],{"class":85},[67,156313,89],{"class":81},[67,156315,3182],{"class":85},[67,156317,9420],{"class":81},[67,156319,9423],{"class":81},[67,156321,2251],{"class":85},[67,156323,89],{"class":81},[67,156325,2645],{"class":85},[67,156327,9420],{"class":81},[67,156329,9423],{"class":81},[67,156331,1308],{"class":85},[67,156333,89],{"class":81},[67,156335,37823],{"class":85},[67,156337,1426],{"class":81},[67,156339,156340,156342,156344,156346,156348,156350],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,156341,135],{"class":134},[67,156343,138],{"class":81},[67,156345,1964],{"class":134},[67,156347,138],{"class":81},[67,156349,5549],{"class":117},[67,156351,1426],{"class":81},[14,156353,156354],{},[3934,156355,159],{},[58,156357,156358],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,156359,156360],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156361,156362],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156363,46795],{"class":85},[14,156365,156366],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1109,156368,156370],{"id":156369},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156372,25879],{},[58,156374,156376],{"className":60,"code":156375,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,156377,156378,156390],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156379,156380,156382,156384,156386,156388],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156381,2634],{"class":73},[67,156383,78],{"class":77},[67,156385,9423],{"class":81},[67,156387,86],{"class":85},[67,156389,144],{"class":81},[67,156391,156392,156394,156396,156398,156400,156402],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,156393,135],{"class":134},[67,156395,138],{"class":81},[67,156397,2011],{"class":362},[67,156399,138],{"class":81},[67,156401,2661],{"class":117},[67,156403,1426],{"class":81},[14,156405,156406],{},[3934,156407,159],{},[58,156409,156411],{"className":60,"code":156410,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,156412,156413],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156414,156415,156417,156419,156421,156423,156425],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156416,1397],{"class":77},[67,156418,3482],{"class":2254},[67,156420,342],{"class":239},[67,156422,2376],{"class":243},[67,156424,333],{"class":239},[67,156426,3491],{"class":77},[14,156428,156429],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[58,156431,156433],{"className":60,"code":156432,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[17,156434,156435,156447,156461],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156436,156437,156439,156441,156443,156445],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156438,2634],{"class":73},[67,156440,78],{"class":77},[67,156442,9423],{"class":81},[67,156444,86],{"class":85},[67,156446,149326],{"class":81},[67,156448,156449,156451,156453,156455,156457,156459],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,156450,135],{"class":134},[67,156452,138],{"class":81},[67,156454,2011],{"class":362},[67,156456,138],{"class":81},[67,156458,2661],{"class":117},[67,156460,1426],{"class":81},[67,156462,156463,156465,156467,156469,156471,156473],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,156464,135],{"class":134},[67,156466,138],{"class":81},[67,156468,1964],{"class":134},[67,156470,138],{"class":81},[67,156472,2661],{"class":117},[67,156474,1426],{"class":81},[14,156476,156477],{},[3934,156478,159],{},[58,156480,156482],{"className":60,"code":156481,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[17,156483,156484,156498],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156485,156486,156488,156490,156492,156494,156496],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156487,1397],{"class":77},[67,156489,3482],{"class":2254},[67,156491,342],{"class":239},[67,156493,49132],{"class":243},[67,156495,333],{"class":239},[67,156497,3491],{"class":77},[67,156499,156500],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,156501,47095],{"class":85},[1109,156503,156505,156507],{"id":156504},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[17,156506,1964],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156509,44608,156510,156512],{},[17,156511,1964],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156514,44639],{},[58,156516,156518],{"className":60,"code":156517,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[17,156519,156520,156528,156548],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156521,156522,156524,156526],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156523,1964],{"class":134},[67,156525,13462],{"class":77},[67,156527,2777],{"class":85},[67,156529,156530,156532,156534,156536,156538,156540,156542,156544,156546],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,156531,74],{"class":73},[67,156533,78],{"class":77},[67,156535,9423],{"class":81},[67,156537,464],{"class":85},[67,156539,89],{"class":81},[67,156541,3182],{"class":85},[67,156543,89],{"class":81},[67,156545,2639],{"class":85},[67,156547,144],{"class":81},[67,156549,156550,156552,156554,156556,156558,156560],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,156551,135],{"class":134},[67,156553,138],{"class":81},[67,156555,1964],{"class":134},[67,156557,138],{"class":81},[67,156559,154],{"class":117},[67,156561,1426],{"class":81},[14,156563,39832,156564,156566],{},[17,156565,1964],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156568,156569],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[58,156571,156573],{"className":60,"code":156572,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[17,156574,156575,156584,156604],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156576,156577,156580,156582],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156578,156579],{"class":73},"length_value ",[67,156581,78],{"class":77},[67,156583,2777],{"class":85},[67,156585,156586,156588,156590,156592,156594,156596,156598,156600,156602],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,156587,74],{"class":73},[67,156589,78],{"class":77},[67,156591,9423],{"class":81},[67,156593,464],{"class":85},[67,156595,89],{"class":81},[67,156597,3182],{"class":85},[67,156599,89],{"class":81},[67,156601,2639],{"class":85},[67,156603,144],{"class":81},[67,156605,156606,156608,156610,156612,156614,156616],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,156607,135],{"class":134},[67,156609,138],{"class":81},[67,156611,1964],{"class":134},[67,156613,138],{"class":81},[67,156615,154],{"class":117},[67,156617,1426],{"class":81},[14,156619,156620],{},[3934,156621,159],{},[58,156623,156624],{"className":60,"code":46795,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,156625,156626],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156627,156628],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156629,46795],{"class":85},[53,156631,156633],{"id":156632},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156635,156636,156638],{},[17,156637,1339],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1109,156640,156642],{"id":156641},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[58,156644,156646],{"className":60,"code":156645,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[17,156647,156648,156656,156660,156678],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156649,156650,156652,156654],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156651,1131],{"class":73},[67,156653,78],{"class":77},[67,156655,149312],{"class":81},[67,156657,156658],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,156659,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,156661,156662,156664,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674,156676],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,156663,1217],{"class":1167},[67,156665,1400],{"class":134},[67,156667,138],{"class":81},[67,156669,1141],{"class":117},[67,156671,3849],{"class":81},[67,156673,6600],{"class":77},[67,156675,1388],{"class":85},[67,156677,1223],{"class":81},[67,156679,156680,156682,156684,156686,156689,156691],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,156681,1228],{"class":134},[67,156683,138],{"class":81},[67,156685,240],{"class":239},[67,156687,156688],{"class":243},"The tuple is empty",[67,156690,240],{"class":239},[67,156692,144],{"class":81},[14,156694,156695],{},[3934,156696,159],{},[58,156698,156700],{"className":60,"code":156699,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"The tuple is empty\n",[17,156701,156702],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156703,156704,156706,156708,156710],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156705,379],{"class":73},[67,156707,49132],{"class":362},[67,156709,8284],{"class":77},[67,156711,8290],{"class":73},[1109,156713,156715],{"id":156714},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[58,156717,156719],{"className":60,"code":156718,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[17,156720,156721,156737,156741,156759],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156722,156723,156725,156727,156729,156731,156733,156735],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156724,51562],{"class":73},[67,156726,78],{"class":77},[67,156728,9423],{"class":81},[67,156730,2694],{"class":85},[67,156732,89],{"class":81},[67,156734,6185],{"class":85},[67,156736,144],{"class":81},[67,156738,156739],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,156740,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,156742,156743,156745,156747,156749,156751,156753,156755,156757],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,156744,1217],{"class":1167},[67,156746,1400],{"class":134},[67,156748,138],{"class":81},[67,156750,51587],{"class":117},[67,156752,3849],{"class":81},[67,156754,6600],{"class":77},[67,156756,3182],{"class":85},[67,156758,1223],{"class":81},[67,156760,156761,156763,156765,156767,156770,156772],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,156762,1228],{"class":134},[67,156764,138],{"class":81},[67,156766,240],{"class":239},[67,156768,156769],{"class":243},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[67,156771,240],{"class":239},[67,156773,144],{"class":81},[14,156775,156776],{},[3934,156777,159],{},[58,156779,156781],{"className":60,"code":156780,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[17,156782,156783],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156784,156785,156788,156790],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156786,156787],{"class":73},"This looks like an x",[67,156789,89],{"class":81},[67,156791,156792],{"class":73}," y coordinate\n",[1109,156794,156796],{"id":156795},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[58,156798,156800],{"className":60,"code":156799,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[17,156801,156802,156831,156835,156853],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156803,156804,156806,156808,156810,156812,156814,156816,156818,156820,156822,156824,156827,156829],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156805,11676],{"class":73},[67,156807,78],{"class":77},[67,156809,9423],{"class":81},[67,156811,240],{"class":239},[67,156813,986],{"class":243},[67,156815,240],{"class":239},[67,156817,89],{"class":81},[67,156819,9493],{"class":85},[67,156821,89],{"class":81},[67,156823,251],{"class":239},[67,156825,156826],{"class":243},"Canada",[67,156828,240],{"class":239},[67,156830,144],{"class":81},[67,156832,156833],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,156834,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,156836,156837,156839,156841,156843,156845,156847,156849,156851],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,156838,1217],{"class":1167},[67,156840,1400],{"class":134},[67,156842,138],{"class":81},[67,156844,11770],{"class":117},[67,156846,3849],{"class":81},[67,156848,6600],{"class":77},[67,156850,2639],{"class":85},[67,156852,1223],{"class":81},[67,156854,156855,156857,156859,156861,156864,156866],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,156856,1228],{"class":134},[67,156858,138],{"class":81},[67,156860,240],{"class":239},[67,156862,156863],{"class":243},"User record has the expected number of values",[67,156865,240],{"class":239},[67,156867,144],{"class":81},[14,156869,156870],{},[3934,156871,159],{},[58,156873,156875],{"className":60,"code":156874,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[17,156876,156877],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156878,156879],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156880,156874],{"class":73},[1109,156882,156884],{"id":156883},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[58,156886,156888],{"className":60,"code":156887,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[17,156889,156890,156922,156926,156946],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156891,156892,156894,156896,156898,156900,156902,156904,156906,156908,156910,156912,156914,156916,156918,156920],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156893,411],{"class":73},[67,156895,78],{"class":77},[67,156897,9423],{"class":81},[67,156899,240],{"class":239},[67,156901,45],{"class":243},[67,156903,240],{"class":239},[67,156905,89],{"class":81},[67,156907,251],{"class":239},[67,156909,428],{"class":243},[67,156911,240],{"class":239},[67,156913,89],{"class":81},[67,156915,251],{"class":239},[67,156917,437],{"class":243},[67,156919,240],{"class":239},[67,156921,144],{"class":81},[67,156923,156924],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,156925,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,156927,156928,156930,156932,156934,156936,156938,156940,156942,156944],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,156929,6150],{"class":1167},[67,156931,69713],{"class":73},[67,156933,4074],{"class":1167},[67,156935,54245],{"class":134},[67,156937,138],{"class":81},[67,156939,1964],{"class":134},[67,156941,138],{"class":81},[67,156943,490],{"class":117},[67,156945,69728],{"class":81},[67,156947,156948,156950,156952,156954,156956,156958,156960,156962],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,156949,1228],{"class":134},[67,156951,138],{"class":81},[67,156953,36336],{"class":117},[67,156955,89],{"class":81},[67,156957,455],{"class":117},[67,156959,174],{"class":81},[67,156961,36336],{"class":117},[67,156963,376],{"class":81},[14,156965,156966],{},[3934,156967,159],{},[58,156969,156970],{"className":60,"code":36348,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,156971,156972,156978,156984],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,156973,156974,156976],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,156975,1031],{"class":85},[67,156977,36357],{"class":73},[67,156979,156980,156982],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,156981,464],{"class":85},[67,156983,36364],{"class":73},[67,156985,156986,156988],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,156987,2245],{"class":85},[67,156989,36371],{"class":73},[14,156991,156992,156993,156995,156996,114],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[45,156994,149643],{"href":149642},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[45,156997,150887],{"href":150886},[53,156999,1907],{"id":1906},[14,157001,157002],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[25,157004,157005,157013,157020,157025],{},[28,157006,157007,157008,11279,157011],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[17,157009,157010],{},"(5)",[17,157012,149477],{},[28,157014,8604,157015,157017,157018],{},[17,157016,1964],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[17,157019,1339],{},[28,157021,1930,157022,157024],{},[17,157023,1339],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[28,157026,157027],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,157029,32267],{},[58,157031,157033],{"className":60,"code":157032,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[17,157034,157035,157045,157059,157073],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,157036,157037,157039,157041,157043],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,157038,135],{"class":134},[67,157040,138],{"class":81},[67,157042,147988],{"class":117},[67,157044,144],{"class":81},[67,157046,157047,157049,157051,157053,157055,157057],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,157048,135],{"class":134},[67,157050,138],{"class":81},[67,157052,2011],{"class":362},[67,157054,138],{"class":81},[67,157056,147988],{"class":117},[67,157058,1426],{"class":81},[67,157060,157061,157063,157065,157067,157069,157071],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,157062,135],{"class":134},[67,157064,138],{"class":81},[67,157066,1964],{"class":134},[67,157068,138],{"class":81},[67,157070,147988],{"class":117},[67,157072,1426],{"class":81},[67,157074,157075,157077,157079,157081],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,157076,32337],{"class":134},[67,157078,138],{"class":81},[67,157080,1964],{"class":134},[67,157082,144],{"class":81},[14,157084,155197],{},[25,157086,157087,157090,157093,157097],{},[28,157088,157089],{},"what value you are using",[28,157091,157092],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[28,157094,26208,157095,11894],{},[17,157096,1339],{},[28,157098,123361,157099,157101],{},[17,157100,1339],{}," is documented in Python",[53,157103,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,157105,157107],{"id":157106},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,157109,185,157110,157113],{},[17,157111,157112],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1109,157115,12894,157117,149147],{"id":157116},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[17,157118,1339],{},[14,157120,46543,157121,157123],{},[17,157122,1339],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1109,157125,157127],{"id":157126},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,157129,157130,157131,114],{},"The length is ",[17,157132,1031],{},[1109,157134,157136],{"id":157135},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,157138,150833,157139,157141],{},[17,157140,150836],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1109,157143,12894,157145,157147],{"id":157144},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[17,157146,1339],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,157149,157150],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[53,157152,2094],{"id":2093},[25,157154,157155,157161,157165,157169,157173],{},[28,157156,157157],{},[45,157158,3764,157159,3697],{"href":42538},[17,157160,1339],{},[28,157162,157163],{},[45,157164,156062],{"href":147973},[28,157166,157167],{},[45,157168,149643],{"href":149642},[28,157170,157171],{},[45,157172,150887],{"href":150886},[28,157174,157175],{},[45,157176,157177],{"href":149273},"What is a tuple in Python",[2122,157179,157180],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":157182},[157183,157184,157185,157192,157198,157207,157213,157214,157223],{"id":15349,"depth":103,"text":15350},{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":155550,"depth":103,"text":157186,"children":157187},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157188,157189,157190,157191],{"id":155562,"depth":124,"text":155563},{"id":155629,"depth":124,"text":155630},{"id":155674,"depth":124,"text":155675},{"id":155723,"depth":124,"text":155724},{"id":155812,"depth":103,"text":155813,"children":157193},[157194,157195,157196,157197],{"id":155816,"depth":124,"text":155817},{"id":155891,"depth":124,"text":155630},{"id":155933,"depth":124,"text":155934},{"id":156067,"depth":124,"text":156068},{"id":156151,"depth":103,"text":156152,"children":157199},[157200,157202,157204,157205],{"id":156155,"depth":124,"text":157201},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156293,"depth":124,"text":157203},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156369,"depth":124,"text":156370},{"id":156504,"depth":124,"text":157206},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156632,"depth":103,"text":156633,"children":157208},[157209,157210,157211,157212],{"id":156641,"depth":124,"text":156642},{"id":156714,"depth":124,"text":156715},{"id":156795,"depth":124,"text":156796},{"id":156883,"depth":124,"text":156884},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":157215},[157216,157217,157219,157220,157221],{"id":157106,"depth":124,"text":157107},{"id":157116,"depth":124,"text":157218},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157126,"depth":124,"text":157127},{"id":157135,"depth":124,"text":157136},{"id":157144,"depth":124,"text":157222},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155334,"description":157224},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157231,"title":157232,"body":157233,"description":159618,"extension":2153,"meta":159619,"navigation":127,"path":159620,"seo":159621,"stem":159622,"__hash__":159623},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157234,"toc":159579},[157235,157238,157241,157244,157267,157273,157275,157386,157390,157393,157403,157405,157504,157506,157583,157589,157593,157596,157619,157622,157639,157642,157644,157707,157709,157726,157737,157742,157744,157747,157753,157804,157806,157826,157830,157881,157883,157904,157908,157963,157965,157986,157990,158045,158047,158068,158072,158125,158127,158156,158158,158160,158163,158167,158224,158226,158247,158251,158304,158306,158331,158336,158340,158345,158363,158366,158429,158431,158452,158455,158516,158518,158539,158542,158585,158588,158592,158597,158601,158680,158682,158713,158717,158792,158794,158821,158825,158872,158874,158882,158887,158891,158894,158909,158911,158999,159001,159026,159029,159072,159081,159083,159086,159101,159104,159108,159162,159164,159184,159189,159193,159195,159233,159236,159286,159290,159363,159365,159402,159405,159407,159410,159430,159433,159502,159504,159517,159519,159523,159526,159530,159533,159538,159541,159547,159552,159554,159576],[10,157236,157232],{"id":157237},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,157239,157240],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,157242,157243],{},"Use this format:",[58,157245,157247],{"className":60,"code":157246,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[17,157248,157249],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,157250,157251,157253,157255,157257,157259,157261,157263,157265],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,157252,49132],{"class":73},[67,157254,174],{"class":81},[67,157256,36256],{"class":73},[67,157258,1161],{"class":81},[67,157260,75407],{"class":73},[67,157262,1161],{"class":81},[67,157264,75410],{"class":73},[67,157266,100],{"class":81},[14,157268,379,157269,75443,157271,114],{},[17,157270,75407],{},[3934,157272,65237],{},[53,157274,56],{"id":55},[58,157276,157278],{"className":60,"code":157277,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[17,157279,157280,157308,157312,157333,157350,157367],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,157281,157282,157284,157286,157288,157290,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300,157302,157304,157306],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,157283,74],{"class":73},[67,157285,78],{"class":77},[67,157287,9423],{"class":81},[67,157289,86],{"class":85},[67,157291,89],{"class":81},[67,157293,92],{"class":85},[67,157295,89],{"class":81},[67,157297,97],{"class":85},[67,157299,89],{"class":81},[67,157301,51021],{"class":85},[67,157303,89],{"class":81},[67,157305,5269],{"class":85},[67,157307,144],{"class":81},[67,157309,157310],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,157311,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,157313,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,157315,135],{"class":134},[67,157317,138],{"class":81},[67,157319,154],{"class":117},[67,157321,174],{"class":81},[67,157323,464],{"class":85},[67,157325,1161],{"class":81},[67,157327,2694],{"class":85},[67,157329,20634],{"class":81},[67,157331,157332],{"class":3852},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[67,157334,157335,157337,157339,157341,157343,157345,157347],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,157336,135],{"class":134},[67,157338,138],{"class":81},[67,157340,154],{"class":117},[67,157342,75516],{"class":81},[67,157344,2251],{"class":85},[67,157346,20634],{"class":81},[67,157348,157349],{"class":3852},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[67,157351,157352,157354,157356,157358,157360,157362,157364],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,157353,135],{"class":134},[67,157355,138],{"class":81},[67,157357,154],{"class":117},[67,157359,74103],{"class":81},[67,157361,2245],{"class":85},[67,157363,20634],{"class":81},[67,157365,157366],{"class":3852},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[67,157368,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,157370,135],{"class":134},[67,157372,138],{"class":81},[67,157374,154],{"class":117},[67,157376,74103],{"class":81},[67,157378,869],{"class":77},[67,157380,464],{"class":85},[67,157382,20634],{"class":81},[67,157384,157385],{"class":3852},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[53,157387,157389],{"id":157388},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157391,157392],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[25,157394,157395,157397,157400],{},[28,157396,75710],{},[28,157398,157399],{},"The result is a new tuple",[28,157401,157402],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157404,222],{},[58,157406,157408],{"className":60,"code":157407,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[17,157409,157410,157458,157462,157480,157484,157494],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,157411,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424,157426,157428,157430,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,157413,411],{"class":73},[67,157415,78],{"class":77},[67,157417,9423],{"class":81},[67,157419,240],{"class":239},[67,157421,45],{"class":243},[67,157423,240],{"class":239},[67,157425,89],{"class":81},[67,157427,251],{"class":239},[67,157429,428],{"class":243},[67,157431,240],{"class":239},[67,157433,89],{"class":81},[67,157435,251],{"class":239},[67,157437,437],{"class":243},[67,157439,240],{"class":239},[67,157441,89],{"class":81},[67,157443,251],{"class":239},[67,157445,18955],{"class":243},[67,157447,240],{"class":239},[67,157449,89],{"class":81},[67,157451,251],{"class":239},[67,157453,60616],{"class":243},[67,157455,240],{"class":239},[67,157457,144],{"class":81},[67,157459,157460],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,157461,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,157463,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,157465,75640],{"class":73},[67,157467,78],{"class":77},[67,157469,455],{"class":73},[67,157471,174],{"class":81},[67,157473,464],{"class":85},[67,157475,1161],{"class":81},[67,157477,2694],{"class":85},[67,157479,100],{"class":81},[67,157481,157482],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,157483,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,157485,157486,157488,157490,157492],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,157487,135],{"class":134},[67,157489,138],{"class":81},[67,157491,75663],{"class":117},[67,157493,144],{"class":81},[67,157495,157496,157498,157500,157502],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,157497,135],{"class":134},[67,157499,138],{"class":81},[67,157501,490],{"class":117},[67,157503,144],{"class":81},[14,157505,159],{},[58,157507,157509],{"className":60,"code":157508,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[17,157510,157511,157539],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,157512,157513,157515,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525,157527,157529,157531,157533,157535,157537],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,157514,138],{"class":81},[67,157516,333],{"class":239},[67,157518,428],{"class":243},[67,157520,333],{"class":239},[67,157522,89],{"class":81},[67,157524,342],{"class":239},[67,157526,437],{"class":243},[67,157528,333],{"class":239},[67,157530,89],{"class":81},[67,157532,342],{"class":239},[67,157534,18955],{"class":243},[67,157536,333],{"class":239},[67,157538,144],{"class":81},[67,157540,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563,157565,157567,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579,157581],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,157542,138],{"class":81},[67,157544,333],{"class":239},[67,157546,45],{"class":243},[67,157548,333],{"class":239},[67,157550,89],{"class":81},[67,157552,342],{"class":239},[67,157554,428],{"class":243},[67,157556,333],{"class":239},[67,157558,89],{"class":81},[67,157560,342],{"class":239},[67,157562,437],{"class":243},[67,157564,333],{"class":239},[67,157566,89],{"class":81},[67,157568,342],{"class":239},[67,157570,18955],{"class":243},[67,157572,333],{"class":239},[67,157574,89],{"class":81},[67,157576,342],{"class":239},[67,157578,60616],{"class":243},[67,157580,333],{"class":239},[67,157582,144],{"class":81},[14,157584,157585,157586,114],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[45,157587,147970],{"href":157588},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[53,157590,157592],{"id":157591},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157594,157595],{},"The full syntax is:",[58,157597,157599],{"className":60,"code":157598,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[17,157600,157601],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,157602,157603,157605,157607,157609,157611,157613,157615,157617],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,157604,147988],{"class":73},[67,157606,174],{"class":81},[67,157608,36256],{"class":73},[67,157610,1161],{"class":81},[67,157612,75407],{"class":73},[67,157614,1161],{"class":81},[67,157616,75410],{"class":73},[67,157618,100],{"class":81},[14,157620,157621],{},"Each part has a job:",[25,157623,157624,157629,157634],{},[28,157625,157626,157628],{},[17,157627,36256],{},": where slicing begins",[28,157630,157631,157633],{},[17,157632,75407],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[28,157635,157636,157638],{},[17,157637,75410],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157640,157641],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157643,222],{},[58,157645,157647],{"className":60,"code":157646,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[17,157648,157649,157681,157685],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,157650,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677,157679],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,157652,74],{"class":73},[67,157654,78],{"class":77},[67,157656,9423],{"class":81},[67,157658,86],{"class":85},[67,157660,89],{"class":81},[67,157662,92],{"class":85},[67,157664,89],{"class":81},[67,157666,97],{"class":85},[67,157668,89],{"class":81},[67,157670,51021],{"class":85},[67,157672,89],{"class":81},[67,157674,5269],{"class":85},[67,157676,89],{"class":81},[67,157678,76081],{"class":85},[67,157680,144],{"class":81},[67,157682,157683],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,157684,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,157686,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,157688,135],{"class":134},[67,157690,138],{"class":81},[67,157692,154],{"class":117},[67,157694,174],{"class":81},[67,157696,464],{"class":85},[67,157698,1161],{"class":81},[67,157700,1308],{"class":85},[67,157702,1161],{"class":81},[67,157704,2245],{"class":85},[67,157706,376],{"class":81},[14,157708,159],{},[58,157710,157712],{"className":60,"code":157711,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(20, 40)\n",[17,157713,157714],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,157715,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,157717,138],{"class":81},[67,157719,1843],{"class":85},[67,157721,89],{"class":81},[67,157723,51021],{"class":85},[67,157725,144],{"class":81},[14,157727,157728,157729,157731,157732,157734,157735,114],{},"This starts at index ",[17,157730,464],{},", stops before index ",[17,157733,1308],{},", and moves by ",[17,157736,2245],{},[14,157738,157739,157740,114],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[45,157741,149643],{"href":153069},[53,157743,75997],{"id":75996},[14,157745,157746],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1109,157748,157750,157751,1220],{"id":157749},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[17,157752,76011],{},[58,157754,157756],{"className":60,"code":157755,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[17,157757,157758,157786,157790],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,157759,157760,157762,157764,157766,157768,157770,157772,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,157761,74],{"class":73},[67,157763,78],{"class":77},[67,157765,9423],{"class":81},[67,157767,86],{"class":85},[67,157769,89],{"class":81},[67,157771,92],{"class":85},[67,157773,89],{"class":81},[67,157775,97],{"class":85},[67,157777,89],{"class":81},[67,157779,51021],{"class":85},[67,157781,89],{"class":81},[67,157783,5269],{"class":85},[67,157785,144],{"class":81},[67,157787,157788],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,157789,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,157791,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,157793,135],{"class":134},[67,157795,138],{"class":81},[67,157797,154],{"class":117},[67,157799,75516],{"class":81},[67,157801,2251],{"class":85},[67,157803,376],{"class":81},[14,157805,159],{},[58,157807,157808],{"className":60,"code":151335,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,157809,157810],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,157811,157812,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822,157824],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,157813,138],{"class":81},[67,157815,86],{"class":85},[67,157817,89],{"class":81},[67,157819,92],{"class":85},[67,157821,89],{"class":81},[67,157823,97],{"class":85},[67,157825,144],{"class":81},[1109,157827,157829],{"id":157828},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[58,157831,157833],{"className":60,"code":157832,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[17,157834,157835,157863,157867],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,157836,157837,157839,157841,157843,157845,157847,157849,157851,157853,157855,157857,157859,157861],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,157838,74],{"class":73},[67,157840,78],{"class":77},[67,157842,9423],{"class":81},[67,157844,86],{"class":85},[67,157846,89],{"class":81},[67,157848,92],{"class":85},[67,157850,89],{"class":81},[67,157852,97],{"class":85},[67,157854,89],{"class":81},[67,157856,51021],{"class":85},[67,157858,89],{"class":81},[67,157860,5269],{"class":85},[67,157862,144],{"class":81},[67,157864,157865],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,157866,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,157868,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,157870,135],{"class":134},[67,157872,138],{"class":81},[67,157874,154],{"class":117},[67,157876,174],{"class":81},[67,157878,2245],{"class":85},[67,157880,77697],{"class":81},[14,157882,159],{},[58,157884,157886],{"className":60,"code":157885,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[17,157887,157888],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,157889,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900,157902],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,157891,138],{"class":81},[67,157893,37021],{"class":85},[67,157895,89],{"class":81},[67,157897,51021],{"class":85},[67,157899,89],{"class":81},[67,157901,5269],{"class":85},[67,157903,144],{"class":81},[1109,157905,157907],{"id":157906},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[58,157909,157911],{"className":60,"code":157910,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[17,157912,157913,157941,157945],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,157914,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,157916,74],{"class":73},[67,157918,78],{"class":77},[67,157920,9423],{"class":81},[67,157922,86],{"class":85},[67,157924,89],{"class":81},[67,157926,92],{"class":85},[67,157928,89],{"class":81},[67,157930,97],{"class":85},[67,157932,89],{"class":81},[67,157934,51021],{"class":85},[67,157936,89],{"class":81},[67,157938,5269],{"class":85},[67,157940,144],{"class":81},[67,157942,157943],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,157944,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,157946,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,157948,135],{"class":134},[67,157950,138],{"class":81},[67,157952,154],{"class":117},[67,157954,174],{"class":81},[67,157956,464],{"class":85},[67,157958,1161],{"class":81},[67,157960,2694],{"class":85},[67,157962,376],{"class":81},[14,157964,159],{},[58,157966,157968],{"className":60,"code":157967,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[17,157969,157970],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,157971,157972,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982,157984],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,157973,138],{"class":81},[67,157975,1843],{"class":85},[67,157977,89],{"class":81},[67,157979,97],{"class":85},[67,157981,89],{"class":81},[67,157983,51021],{"class":85},[67,157985,144],{"class":81},[1109,157987,157989],{"id":157988},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[58,157991,157993],{"className":60,"code":157992,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[17,157994,157995,158027,158031],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,157996,157997,157999,158001,158003,158005,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021,158023,158025],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,157998,74],{"class":73},[67,158000,78],{"class":77},[67,158002,9423],{"class":81},[67,158004,86],{"class":85},[67,158006,89],{"class":81},[67,158008,92],{"class":85},[67,158010,89],{"class":81},[67,158012,97],{"class":85},[67,158014,89],{"class":81},[67,158016,51021],{"class":85},[67,158018,89],{"class":81},[67,158020,5269],{"class":85},[67,158022,89],{"class":81},[67,158024,76081],{"class":85},[67,158026,144],{"class":81},[67,158028,158029],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,158030,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,158032,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,158034,135],{"class":134},[67,158036,138],{"class":81},[67,158038,154],{"class":117},[67,158040,74103],{"class":81},[67,158042,2245],{"class":85},[67,158044,376],{"class":81},[14,158046,159],{},[58,158048,158050],{"className":60,"code":158049,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[17,158051,158052],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158053,158054,158056,158058,158060,158062,158064,158066],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158055,138],{"class":81},[67,158057,86],{"class":85},[67,158059,89],{"class":81},[67,158061,97],{"class":85},[67,158063,89],{"class":81},[67,158065,5269],{"class":85},[67,158067,144],{"class":81},[1109,158069,158071],{"id":158070},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[58,158073,158075],{"className":60,"code":158074,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[17,158076,158077,158105,158109],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158078,158079,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158080,74],{"class":73},[67,158082,78],{"class":77},[67,158084,9423],{"class":81},[67,158086,86],{"class":85},[67,158088,89],{"class":81},[67,158090,92],{"class":85},[67,158092,89],{"class":81},[67,158094,97],{"class":85},[67,158096,89],{"class":81},[67,158098,51021],{"class":85},[67,158100,89],{"class":81},[67,158102,5269],{"class":85},[67,158104,144],{"class":81},[67,158106,158107],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,158108,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,158110,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,158112,135],{"class":134},[67,158114,138],{"class":81},[67,158116,154],{"class":117},[67,158118,74103],{"class":81},[67,158120,869],{"class":77},[67,158122,464],{"class":85},[67,158124,376],{"class":81},[14,158126,159],{},[58,158128,158130],{"className":60,"code":158129,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[17,158131,158132],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158133,158134,158136,158138,158140,158142,158144,158146,158148,158150,158152,158154],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158135,138],{"class":81},[67,158137,76775],{"class":85},[67,158139,89],{"class":81},[67,158141,51021],{"class":85},[67,158143,89],{"class":81},[67,158145,97],{"class":85},[67,158147,89],{"class":81},[67,158149,92],{"class":85},[67,158151,89],{"class":81},[67,158153,6196],{"class":85},[67,158155,144],{"class":81},[53,158157,76291],{"id":76290},[14,158159,154342],{},[14,158161,158162],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1109,158164,158166],{"id":158165},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[58,158168,158170],{"className":60,"code":158169,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[17,158171,158172,158204,158208],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158173,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200,158202],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158175,74],{"class":73},[67,158177,78],{"class":77},[67,158179,9423],{"class":81},[67,158181,86],{"class":85},[67,158183,89],{"class":81},[67,158185,92],{"class":85},[67,158187,89],{"class":81},[67,158189,97],{"class":85},[67,158191,89],{"class":81},[67,158193,51021],{"class":85},[67,158195,89],{"class":81},[67,158197,5269],{"class":85},[67,158199,89],{"class":81},[67,158201,76081],{"class":85},[67,158203,144],{"class":81},[67,158205,158206],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,158207,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,158209,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,158211,135],{"class":134},[67,158213,138],{"class":81},[67,158215,154],{"class":117},[67,158217,174],{"class":81},[67,158219,869],{"class":77},[67,158221,2251],{"class":85},[67,158223,77697],{"class":81},[14,158225,159],{},[58,158227,158229],{"className":60,"code":158228,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[17,158230,158231],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158232,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158234,138],{"class":81},[67,158236,56861],{"class":85},[67,158238,89],{"class":81},[67,158240,5269],{"class":85},[67,158242,89],{"class":81},[67,158244,76081],{"class":85},[67,158246,144],{"class":81},[1109,158248,158250],{"id":158249},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[58,158252,158254],{"className":60,"code":158253,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[17,158255,158256,158284,158288],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158257,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274,158276,158278,158280,158282],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158259,74],{"class":73},[67,158261,78],{"class":77},[67,158263,9423],{"class":81},[67,158265,86],{"class":85},[67,158267,89],{"class":81},[67,158269,92],{"class":85},[67,158271,89],{"class":81},[67,158273,97],{"class":85},[67,158275,89],{"class":81},[67,158277,51021],{"class":85},[67,158279,89],{"class":81},[67,158281,5269],{"class":85},[67,158283,144],{"class":81},[67,158285,158286],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,158287,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,158289,158290,158292,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,158291,135],{"class":134},[67,158293,138],{"class":81},[67,158295,154],{"class":117},[67,158297,75516],{"class":81},[67,158299,869],{"class":77},[67,158301,464],{"class":85},[67,158303,376],{"class":81},[14,158305,159],{},[58,158307,158309],{"className":60,"code":158308,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[17,158310,158311],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158312,158313,158315,158317,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158314,138],{"class":81},[67,158316,86],{"class":85},[67,158318,89],{"class":81},[67,158320,92],{"class":85},[67,158322,89],{"class":81},[67,158324,97],{"class":85},[67,158326,89],{"class":81},[67,158328,51021],{"class":85},[67,158330,144],{"class":81},[14,158332,158333,158334,114],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[45,158335,150892],{"href":157226},[53,158337,158339],{"id":158338},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158341,379,158342,158344],{},[17,158343,75410],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[25,158346,158347,158349,158351,158357],{},[28,158348,76547],{},[28,158350,76550],{},[28,158352,158353,158356],{},[17,158354,158355],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[28,158358,158359,158360,158362],{},"A step of ",[17,158361,1031],{}," is not allowed",[14,158364,158365],{},"Example with a positive step:",[58,158367,158369],{"className":60,"code":158368,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[17,158370,158371,158403,158407],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158372,158373,158375,158377,158379,158381,158383,158385,158387,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158374,74],{"class":73},[67,158376,78],{"class":77},[67,158378,9423],{"class":81},[67,158380,86],{"class":85},[67,158382,89],{"class":81},[67,158384,92],{"class":85},[67,158386,89],{"class":81},[67,158388,97],{"class":85},[67,158390,89],{"class":81},[67,158392,51021],{"class":85},[67,158394,89],{"class":81},[67,158396,5269],{"class":85},[67,158398,89],{"class":81},[67,158400,76081],{"class":85},[67,158402,144],{"class":81},[67,158404,158405],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,158406,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,158408,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,158410,135],{"class":134},[67,158412,138],{"class":81},[67,158414,154],{"class":117},[67,158416,174],{"class":81},[67,158418,464],{"class":85},[67,158420,1161],{"class":81},[67,158422,80575],{"class":85},[67,158424,1161],{"class":81},[67,158426,2245],{"class":85},[67,158428,376],{"class":81},[14,158430,159],{},[58,158432,158434],{"className":60,"code":158433,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[17,158435,158436],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158437,158438,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158439,138],{"class":81},[67,158441,1843],{"class":85},[67,158443,89],{"class":81},[67,158445,51021],{"class":85},[67,158447,89],{"class":81},[67,158449,76081],{"class":85},[67,158451,144],{"class":81},[14,158453,158454],{},"Example with a negative step:",[58,158456,158458],{"className":60,"code":158457,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[17,158459,158460,158488,158492],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158461,158462,158464,158466,158468,158470,158472,158474,158476,158478,158480,158482,158484,158486],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158463,74],{"class":73},[67,158465,78],{"class":77},[67,158467,9423],{"class":81},[67,158469,86],{"class":85},[67,158471,89],{"class":81},[67,158473,92],{"class":85},[67,158475,89],{"class":81},[67,158477,97],{"class":85},[67,158479,89],{"class":81},[67,158481,51021],{"class":85},[67,158483,89],{"class":81},[67,158485,5269],{"class":85},[67,158487,144],{"class":81},[67,158489,158490],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,158491,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,158493,158494,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506,158508,158510,158512,158514],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,158495,135],{"class":134},[67,158497,138],{"class":81},[67,158499,154],{"class":117},[67,158501,174],{"class":81},[67,158503,2694],{"class":85},[67,158505,1161],{"class":81},[67,158507,464],{"class":85},[67,158509,1161],{"class":81},[67,158511,869],{"class":77},[67,158513,464],{"class":85},[67,158515,376],{"class":81},[14,158517,159],{},[58,158519,158521],{"className":60,"code":158520,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[17,158522,158523],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158524,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158526,138],{"class":81},[67,158528,76775],{"class":85},[67,158530,89],{"class":81},[67,158532,51021],{"class":85},[67,158534,89],{"class":81},[67,158536,97],{"class":85},[67,158538,144],{"class":81},[14,158540,158541],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[58,158543,158545],{"className":60,"code":158544,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[17,158546,158547,158567,158571],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158548,158549,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563,158565],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158550,74],{"class":73},[67,158552,78],{"class":77},[67,158554,9423],{"class":81},[67,158556,86],{"class":85},[67,158558,89],{"class":81},[67,158560,92],{"class":85},[67,158562,89],{"class":81},[67,158564,97],{"class":85},[67,158566,144],{"class":81},[67,158568,158569],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,158570,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,158572,158573,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,158574,135],{"class":134},[67,158576,138],{"class":81},[67,158578,154],{"class":117},[67,158580,74103],{"class":81},[67,158582,1031],{"class":85},[67,158584,376],{"class":81},[14,158586,158587],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[53,158589,158591],{"id":158590},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158593,158594,158595,33926],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[3934,158596,49132],{},[1109,158598,158600],{"id":158599},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[58,158602,158604],{"className":60,"code":158603,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,158605,158606,158630,158634,158652,158656,158666],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158607,158608,158610,158612,158614,158616,158618,158620,158622,158624,158626,158628],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158609,74],{"class":73},[67,158611,78],{"class":77},[67,158613,9423],{"class":81},[67,158615,86],{"class":85},[67,158617,89],{"class":81},[67,158619,92],{"class":85},[67,158621,89],{"class":81},[67,158623,97],{"class":85},[67,158625,89],{"class":81},[67,158627,51021],{"class":85},[67,158629,144],{"class":81},[67,158631,158632],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,158633,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,158635,158636,158638,158640,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,158637,2416],{"class":73},[67,158639,78],{"class":77},[67,158641,111],{"class":73},[67,158643,174],{"class":81},[67,158645,464],{"class":85},[67,158647,1161],{"class":81},[67,158649,2251],{"class":85},[67,158651,100],{"class":81},[67,158653,158654],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,158655,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,158657,158658,158660,158662,158664],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,158659,135],{"class":134},[67,158661,138],{"class":81},[67,158663,2451],{"class":117},[67,158665,144],{"class":81},[67,158667,158668,158670,158672,158674,158676,158678],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,158669,135],{"class":134},[67,158671,138],{"class":81},[67,158673,2011],{"class":362},[67,158675,138],{"class":81},[67,158677,2451],{"class":117},[67,158679,1426],{"class":81},[14,158681,159],{},[58,158683,158685],{"className":60,"code":158684,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,158686,158687,158699],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158688,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158690,138],{"class":81},[67,158692,1843],{"class":85},[67,158694,89],{"class":81},[67,158696,97],{"class":85},[67,158698,144],{"class":81},[67,158700,158701,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,158702,1397],{"class":77},[67,158704,3482],{"class":2254},[67,158706,342],{"class":239},[67,158708,49132],{"class":243},[67,158710,333],{"class":239},[67,158712,3491],{"class":77},[1109,158714,158716],{"id":158715},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[58,158718,158720],{"className":60,"code":158719,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,158721,158722,158742,158746,158764,158768,158778],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158723,158724,158726,158728,158730,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158725,74],{"class":73},[67,158727,78],{"class":77},[67,158729,9423],{"class":81},[67,158731,86],{"class":85},[67,158733,89],{"class":81},[67,158735,92],{"class":85},[67,158737,89],{"class":81},[67,158739,97],{"class":85},[67,158741,144],{"class":81},[67,158743,158744],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,158745,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,158747,158748,158750,158752,158754,158756,158758,158760,158762],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,158749,2416],{"class":73},[67,158751,78],{"class":77},[67,158753,111],{"class":73},[67,158755,174],{"class":81},[67,158757,464],{"class":85},[67,158759,1161],{"class":81},[67,158761,2245],{"class":85},[67,158763,100],{"class":81},[67,158765,158766],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,158767,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,158769,158770,158772,158774,158776],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,158771,135],{"class":134},[67,158773,138],{"class":81},[67,158775,2451],{"class":117},[67,158777,144],{"class":81},[67,158779,158780,158782,158784,158786,158788,158790],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,158781,135],{"class":134},[67,158783,138],{"class":81},[67,158785,2011],{"class":362},[67,158787,138],{"class":81},[67,158789,2451],{"class":117},[67,158791,1426],{"class":81},[14,158793,159],{},[58,158795,158797],{"className":60,"code":158796,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,158798,158799,158807],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158800,158801,158803,158805],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158802,138],{"class":81},[67,158804,1843],{"class":85},[67,158806,149326],{"class":81},[67,158808,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817,158819],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,158810,1397],{"class":77},[67,158812,3482],{"class":2254},[67,158814,342],{"class":239},[67,158816,49132],{"class":243},[67,158818,333],{"class":239},[67,158820,3491],{"class":77},[1109,158822,158824],{"id":158823},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[58,158826,158828],{"className":60,"code":158827,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[17,158829,158830,158850,158854],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158831,158832,158834,158836,158838,158840,158842,158844,158846,158848],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158833,74],{"class":73},[67,158835,78],{"class":77},[67,158837,9423],{"class":81},[67,158839,86],{"class":85},[67,158841,89],{"class":81},[67,158843,92],{"class":85},[67,158845,89],{"class":81},[67,158847,97],{"class":85},[67,158849,144],{"class":81},[67,158851,158852],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,158853,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,158855,158856,158858,158860,158862,158864,158866,158868,158870],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,158857,135],{"class":134},[67,158859,138],{"class":81},[67,158861,154],{"class":117},[67,158863,174],{"class":81},[67,158865,1308],{"class":85},[67,158867,1161],{"class":81},[67,158869,2532],{"class":85},[67,158871,376],{"class":81},[14,158873,159],{},[58,158875,158876],{"className":60,"code":121,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,158877,158878],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158879,158880],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158881,121],{"class":81},[14,158883,158884,158885,114],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[45,158886,156062],{"href":150949},[53,158888,158890],{"id":158889},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158892,158893],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[25,158895,158896,158898,158901,158906],{},[28,158897,76856],{},[28,158899,158900],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[28,158902,158903,158904],{},"Indexing can raise ",[17,158905,1121],{},[28,158907,158908],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158910,222],{},[58,158912,158914],{"className":60,"code":158913,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[17,158915,158916,158936,158940,158957,158978],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,158917,158918,158920,158922,158924,158926,158928,158930,158932,158934],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,158919,74],{"class":73},[67,158921,78],{"class":77},[67,158923,9423],{"class":81},[67,158925,86],{"class":85},[67,158927,89],{"class":81},[67,158929,92],{"class":85},[67,158931,89],{"class":81},[67,158933,97],{"class":85},[67,158935,144],{"class":81},[67,158937,158938],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,158939,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,158941,158942,158944,158946,158948,158950,158952,158954],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,158943,135],{"class":134},[67,158945,138],{"class":81},[67,158947,154],{"class":117},[67,158949,174],{"class":81},[67,158951,464],{"class":85},[67,158953,20634],{"class":81},[67,158955,158956],{"class":3852},"    # one item\n",[67,158958,158959,158961,158963,158965,158967,158969,158971,158973,158975],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,158960,135],{"class":134},[67,158962,138],{"class":81},[67,158964,154],{"class":117},[67,158966,174],{"class":81},[67,158968,464],{"class":85},[67,158970,1161],{"class":81},[67,158972,1308],{"class":85},[67,158974,20634],{"class":81},[67,158976,158977],{"class":3852},"  # slice\n",[67,158979,158980,158982,158984,158986,158988,158990,158992,158994,158996],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,158981,135],{"class":134},[67,158983,138],{"class":81},[67,158985,154],{"class":117},[67,158987,174],{"class":81},[67,158989,1308],{"class":85},[67,158991,1161],{"class":81},[67,158993,2532],{"class":85},[67,158995,20634],{"class":81},[67,158997,158998],{"class":3852},"  # empty slice\n",[14,159000,159],{},[58,159002,159004],{"className":60,"code":159003,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[17,159005,159006,159010,159022],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159007,159008],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159009,1646],{"class":85},[67,159011,159012,159014,159016,159018,159020],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,159013,138],{"class":81},[67,159015,1843],{"class":85},[67,159017,89],{"class":81},[67,159019,97],{"class":85},[67,159021,144],{"class":81},[67,159023,159024],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,159025,121],{"class":81},[14,159027,159028],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[58,159030,159032],{"className":60,"code":159031,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[17,159033,159034,159054,159058],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159035,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046,159048,159050,159052],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159037,74],{"class":73},[67,159039,78],{"class":77},[67,159041,9423],{"class":81},[67,159043,86],{"class":85},[67,159045,89],{"class":81},[67,159047,92],{"class":85},[67,159049,89],{"class":81},[67,159051,97],{"class":85},[67,159053,144],{"class":81},[67,159055,159056],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,159057,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,159059,159060,159062,159064,159066,159068,159070],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,159061,135],{"class":134},[67,159063,138],{"class":81},[67,159065,154],{"class":117},[67,159067,174],{"class":81},[67,159069,1308],{"class":85},[67,159071,376],{"class":81},[14,159073,159074,159075,159077,159078,114],{},"This raises an ",[17,159076,1121],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[45,159079,154815],{"href":159080},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[53,159082,15364],{"id":77123},[14,159084,159085],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[25,159087,159088,159091,159093,159096],{},[28,159089,159090],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[28,159092,60861],{},[28,159094,159095],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[28,159097,159098,159099],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[17,159100,1031],{},[14,159102,159103],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1109,159105,159107],{"id":159106},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[58,159109,159110],{"className":60,"code":157910,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,159111,159112,159140,159144],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159113,159114,159116,159118,159120,159122,159124,159126,159128,159130,159132,159134,159136,159138],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159115,74],{"class":73},[67,159117,78],{"class":77},[67,159119,9423],{"class":81},[67,159121,86],{"class":85},[67,159123,89],{"class":81},[67,159125,92],{"class":85},[67,159127,89],{"class":81},[67,159129,97],{"class":85},[67,159131,89],{"class":81},[67,159133,51021],{"class":85},[67,159135,89],{"class":81},[67,159137,5269],{"class":85},[67,159139,144],{"class":81},[67,159141,159142],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,159143,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,159145,159146,159148,159150,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,159147,135],{"class":134},[67,159149,138],{"class":81},[67,159151,154],{"class":117},[67,159153,174],{"class":81},[67,159155,464],{"class":85},[67,159157,1161],{"class":81},[67,159159,2694],{"class":85},[67,159161,376],{"class":81},[14,159163,159],{},[58,159165,159166],{"className":60,"code":157967,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,159167,159168],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159169,159170,159172,159174,159176,159178,159180,159182],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159171,138],{"class":81},[67,159173,1843],{"class":85},[67,159175,89],{"class":81},[67,159177,97],{"class":85},[67,159179,89],{"class":81},[67,159181,51021],{"class":85},[67,159183,144],{"class":81},[14,159185,132394,159186,159188],{},[17,159187,2694],{}," is not included.",[1109,159190,159192],{"id":159191},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,159194,4714],{},[58,159196,159198],{"className":60,"code":159197,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[17,159199,159200,159224,159228],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159201,159202,159204,159206,159208,159210,159212,159214,159216,159218,159220,159222],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159203,74],{"class":73},[67,159205,78],{"class":77},[67,159207,9423],{"class":81},[67,159209,86],{"class":85},[67,159211,89],{"class":81},[67,159213,92],{"class":85},[67,159215,89],{"class":81},[67,159217,97],{"class":85},[67,159219,89],{"class":81},[67,159221,51021],{"class":85},[67,159223,144],{"class":81},[67,159225,159226],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,159227,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,159229,159230],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,159231,159232],{"class":3852},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,159234,159235],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[58,159237,159238],{"className":60,"code":154895,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,159239,159240,159264,159268],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159241,159242,159244,159246,159248,159250,159252,159254,159256,159258,159260,159262],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159243,74],{"class":73},[67,159245,78],{"class":77},[67,159247,9423],{"class":81},[67,159249,86],{"class":85},[67,159251,89],{"class":81},[67,159253,92],{"class":85},[67,159255,89],{"class":81},[67,159257,97],{"class":85},[67,159259,89],{"class":81},[67,159261,51021],{"class":85},[67,159263,144],{"class":81},[67,159265,159266],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,159267,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,159269,159270,159272,159274,159276,159278,159280,159282,159284],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,159271,135],{"class":134},[67,159273,138],{"class":81},[67,159275,154],{"class":117},[67,159277,174],{"class":81},[67,159279,464],{"class":85},[67,159281,1161],{"class":81},[67,159283,2251],{"class":85},[67,159285,376],{"class":81},[1109,159287,159289],{"id":159288},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[58,159291,159293],{"className":60,"code":159292,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,159294,159295,159319,159323,159338,159342,159353],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159296,159297,159299,159301,159303,159305,159307,159309,159311,159313,159315,159317],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159298,74],{"class":73},[67,159300,78],{"class":77},[67,159302,9423],{"class":81},[67,159304,86],{"class":85},[67,159306,89],{"class":81},[67,159308,92],{"class":85},[67,159310,89],{"class":81},[67,159312,97],{"class":85},[67,159314,89],{"class":81},[67,159316,51021],{"class":85},[67,159318,144],{"class":81},[67,159320,159321],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,159322,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,159324,159325,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,159326,159327],{"class":73},"slice_result ",[67,159329,78],{"class":77},[67,159331,111],{"class":73},[67,159333,75516],{"class":81},[67,159335,2245],{"class":85},[67,159337,100],{"class":81},[67,159339,159340],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,159341,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,159343,159344,159346,159348,159351],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,159345,135],{"class":134},[67,159347,138],{"class":81},[67,159349,159350],{"class":117},"slice_result",[67,159352,144],{"class":81},[67,159354,159355,159357,159359,159361],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,159356,135],{"class":134},[67,159358,138],{"class":81},[67,159360,154],{"class":117},[67,159362,144],{"class":81},[14,159364,159],{},[58,159366,159368],{"className":60,"code":159367,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[17,159369,159370,159382],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159371,159372,159374,159376,159378,159380],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159373,138],{"class":81},[67,159375,86],{"class":85},[67,159377,89],{"class":81},[67,159379,92],{"class":85},[67,159381,144],{"class":81},[67,159383,159384,159386,159388,159390,159392,159394,159396,159398,159400],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,159385,138],{"class":81},[67,159387,86],{"class":85},[67,159389,89],{"class":81},[67,159391,92],{"class":85},[67,159393,89],{"class":81},[67,159395,97],{"class":85},[67,159397,89],{"class":81},[67,159399,51021],{"class":85},[67,159401,144],{"class":81},[14,159403,159404],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[53,159406,113708],{"id":113707},[14,159408,159409],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[25,159411,159412,159415,159418,159424,159427],{},[28,159413,159414],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[28,159416,159417],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[28,159419,159420,159421],{},"Using a zero step like ",[17,159422,159423],{},"tuple[::0]",[28,159425,159426],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[28,159428,159429],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159431,159432],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[58,159434,159436],{"className":60,"code":159435,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[17,159437,159438,159448,159466,159488],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159439,159440,159442,159444,159446],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159441,135],{"class":134},[67,159443,138],{"class":81},[67,159445,147988],{"class":117},[67,159447,144],{"class":81},[67,159449,159450,159452,159454,159456,159458,159460,159462,159464],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,159451,135],{"class":134},[67,159453,138],{"class":81},[67,159455,147988],{"class":117},[67,159457,174],{"class":81},[67,159459,464],{"class":85},[67,159461,1161],{"class":81},[67,159463,2694],{"class":85},[67,159465,376],{"class":81},[67,159467,159468,159470,159472,159474,159476,159478,159480,159482,159484,159486],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,159469,135],{"class":134},[67,159471,138],{"class":81},[67,159473,2011],{"class":362},[67,159475,138],{"class":81},[67,159477,147988],{"class":117},[67,159479,174],{"class":81},[67,159481,464],{"class":85},[67,159483,1161],{"class":81},[67,159485,2694],{"class":85},[67,159487,3189],{"class":81},[67,159489,159490,159492,159494,159496,159498,159500],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,159491,135],{"class":134},[67,159493,138],{"class":81},[67,159495,1964],{"class":134},[67,159497,138],{"class":81},[67,159499,147988],{"class":117},[67,159501,1426],{"class":81},[14,159503,11357],{},[25,159505,159506,159508,159511,159514],{},[28,159507,155202],{},[28,159509,159510],{},"what the slice actually returns",[28,159512,159513],{},"that the result is a tuple",[28,159515,159516],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[53,159518,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,159520,159522],{"id":159521},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159524,159525],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1109,159527,159529],{"id":159528},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159531,159532],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1109,159534,5331,159536,40139],{"id":159535},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[17,159537,158355],{},[14,159539,159540],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1109,159542,159544,159545,2681],{"id":159543},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[17,159546,1121],{},[14,159548,159549,159550,114],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[17,159551,1121],{},[53,159553,2094],{"id":2093},[25,159555,159556,159560,159564,159568,159572],{},[28,159557,159558],{},[45,159559,156062],{"href":150949},[28,159561,159562],{},[45,159563,149643],{"href":153069},[28,159565,159566],{},[45,159567,150892],{"href":157226},[28,159569,159570],{},[45,159571,147970],{"href":157588},[28,159573,159574],{},[45,159575,154815],{"href":159080},[2122,159577,159578],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":159580},[159581,159582,159583,159584,159592,159596,159597,159602,159603,159608,159609,159617],{"id":55,"depth":103,"text":56},{"id":157388,"depth":103,"text":157389},{"id":157591,"depth":103,"text":157592},{"id":75996,"depth":103,"text":75997,"children":159585},[159586,159588,159589,159590,159591],{"id":157749,"depth":124,"text":159587},"Get the first n items",{"id":157828,"depth":124,"text":157829},{"id":157906,"depth":124,"text":157907},{"id":157988,"depth":124,"text":157989},{"id":158070,"depth":124,"text":158071},{"id":76290,"depth":103,"text":76291,"children":159593},[159594,159595],{"id":158165,"depth":124,"text":158166},{"id":158249,"depth":124,"text":158250},{"id":158338,"depth":103,"text":158339},{"id":158590,"depth":103,"text":158591,"children":159598},[159599,159600,159601],{"id":158599,"depth":124,"text":158600},{"id":158715,"depth":124,"text":158716},{"id":158823,"depth":124,"text":158824},{"id":158889,"depth":103,"text":158890},{"id":77123,"depth":103,"text":15364,"children":159604},[159605,159606,159607],{"id":159106,"depth":124,"text":159107},{"id":159191,"depth":124,"text":159192},{"id":159288,"depth":124,"text":159289},{"id":113707,"depth":103,"text":113708},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":159610},[159611,159612,159613,159615],{"id":159521,"depth":124,"text":159522},{"id":159528,"depth":124,"text":159529},{"id":159535,"depth":124,"text":159614},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159543,"depth":124,"text":159616},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157232,"description":159618},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159625,"title":159626,"body":159627,"description":161450,"extension":2153,"meta":161451,"navigation":127,"path":34993,"seo":161452,"stem":161453,"__hash__":161454},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159628,"toc":161416},[159629,159634,159639,159643,159661,159664,159679,159685,159687,159744,159746,159778,159790,159796,159801,159804,159839,159845,159847,159850,159864,159867,159869,159892,159894,159912,159915,159931,159933,159936,160049,160051,160140,160143,160148,160154,160157,160160,160259,160261,160320,160325,160328,160397,160401,160433,160449,160454,160461,160468,160480,160482,160531,160533,160556,160562,160610,160615,160622,160630,160636,160639,160663,160666,160668,160744,160746,160771,160777,160780,160785,160789,160803,160805,160868,160870,160902,160905,160921,160923,160929,160936,160938,160957,160959,160977,160984,160989,160996,160998,161035,161038,161045,161049,161052,161110,161113,161116,161171,161173,161185,161191,161193,161197,161230,161237,161239,161302,161305,161307,161312,161326,161333,161341,161350,161359,161365,161371,161373,161413],[10,159630,3764,159632,3768],{"id":159631},"python-type-function-explained",[17,159633,2489],{},[14,159635,32502,159636,159638],{},[17,159637,2489],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159640,62935,159641,104552],{},[17,159642,2489],{},[25,159644,159645,159648,159651,159654],{},[28,159646,159647],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[28,159649,159650],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[28,159652,159653],{},"debug confusing code",[28,159655,159656,159657],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[45,159658,159659],{"href":8407},[17,159660,3148],{},[14,159662,159663],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[58,159665,159667],{"className":60,"code":159666,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"type(object)\n",[17,159668,159669],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159670,159671,159673,159675,159677],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159672,2011],{"class":362},[67,159674,138],{"class":81},[67,159676,42578],{"class":362},[67,159678,144],{"class":81},[14,159680,159681,159682,159684],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[17,159683,2489],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[53,159686,3798],{"id":3797},[58,159688,159690],{"className":60,"code":159689,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,159691,159692,159704,159718,159722,159730],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159693,159694,159696,159698,159700,159702],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159695,8065],{"class":73},[67,159697,78],{"class":77},[67,159699,251],{"class":239},[67,159701,5193],{"class":243},[67,159703,3547],{"class":239},[67,159705,159706,159708,159710,159712,159714,159716],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,159707,135],{"class":134},[67,159709,138],{"class":81},[67,159711,2011],{"class":362},[67,159713,138],{"class":81},[67,159715,7860],{"class":117},[67,159717,1426],{"class":81},[67,159719,159720],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,159721,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,159723,159724,159726,159728],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,159725,2403],{"class":73},[67,159727,78],{"class":77},[67,159729,2777],{"class":85},[67,159731,159732,159734,159736,159738,159740,159742],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,159733,135],{"class":134},[67,159735,138],{"class":81},[67,159737,2011],{"class":362},[67,159739,138],{"class":81},[67,159741,2426],{"class":117},[67,159743,1426],{"class":81},[14,159745,159],{},[58,159747,159748],{"className":60,"code":125055,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,159749,159750,159764],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159751,159752,159754,159756,159758,159760,159762],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159753,1397],{"class":77},[67,159755,3482],{"class":2254},[67,159757,342],{"class":239},[67,159759,1526],{"class":243},[67,159761,333],{"class":239},[67,159763,3491],{"class":77},[67,159765,159766,159768,159770,159772,159774,159776],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,159767,1397],{"class":77},[67,159769,3482],{"class":2254},[67,159771,342],{"class":239},[67,159773,2376],{"class":243},[67,159775,333],{"class":239},[67,159777,3491],{"class":77},[14,159779,185,159780,159783,159784,961,159787,114],{},[17,159781,159782],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[17,159785,159786],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[17,159788,159789],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[53,159791,13185,159793,159795],{"id":159792},"what-the-type-function-does",[17,159794,2489],{}," function does",[14,159797,159798,159800],{},[17,159799,2489],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159802,159803],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[25,159805,159806,159811,159816,159821,159826,159831],{},[28,159807,159808,159810],{},[17,159809,1526],{}," for text",[28,159812,159813,159815],{},[17,159814,2376],{}," for whole numbers",[28,159817,159818,159820],{},[17,159819,2379],{}," for decimal numbers",[28,159822,159823,159825],{},[17,159824,363],{}," for lists",[28,159827,159828,159830],{},[17,159829,9007],{}," for dictionaries",[28,159832,159833,69262,159835,961,159837],{},[17,159834,4059],{},[17,159836,3793],{},[17,159838,3863],{},[14,159840,159841,159842,159844],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[17,159843,2489],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[53,159846,352],{"id":351},[14,159848,159849],{},"The main beginner form is:",[58,159851,159852],{"className":60,"code":159666,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,159853,159854],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159855,159856,159858,159860,159862],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159857,2011],{"class":362},[67,159859,138],{"class":81},[67,159861,42578],{"class":362},[67,159863,144],{"class":81},[14,159865,159866],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159868,222],{},[58,159870,159872],{"className":60,"code":159871,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[17,159873,159874],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159875,159876,159878,159880,159882,159884,159886,159888,159890],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159877,135],{"class":134},[67,159879,138],{"class":81},[67,159881,2011],{"class":362},[67,159883,138],{"class":81},[67,159885,240],{"class":239},[67,159887,4036],{"class":243},[67,159889,240],{"class":239},[67,159891,1426],{"class":81},[14,159893,159],{},[58,159895,159896],{"className":60,"code":45948,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,159897,159898],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159899,159900,159902,159904,159906,159908,159910],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159901,1397],{"class":77},[67,159903,3482],{"class":2254},[67,159905,342],{"class":239},[67,159907,1526],{"class":243},[67,159909,333],{"class":239},[67,159911,3491],{"class":77},[14,159913,159914],{},"You can pass either:",[25,159916,159917,159924],{},[28,159918,159919,159920,3068,159922],{},"a literal value such as ",[17,159921,64703],{},[17,159923,46704],{},[28,159925,159926,159927,3068,159929],{},"a variable such as ",[17,159928,7860],{},[17,159930,9486],{},[53,159932,121867],{"id":121866},[14,159934,159935],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[58,159937,159939],{"className":60,"code":159938,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[17,159940,159941,159959,159973,159987,160009,160035],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,159942,159943,159945,159947,159949,159951,159953,159955,159957],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,159944,135],{"class":134},[67,159946,138],{"class":81},[67,159948,2011],{"class":362},[67,159950,138],{"class":81},[67,159952,240],{"class":239},[67,159954,4036],{"class":243},[67,159956,240],{"class":239},[67,159958,1426],{"class":81},[67,159960,159961,159963,159965,159967,159969,159971],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,159962,135],{"class":134},[67,159964,138],{"class":81},[67,159966,2011],{"class":362},[67,159968,138],{"class":81},[67,159970,86],{"class":85},[67,159972,1426],{"class":81},[67,159974,159975,159977,159979,159981,159983,159985],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,159976,135],{"class":134},[67,159978,138],{"class":81},[67,159980,2011],{"class":362},[67,159982,138],{"class":81},[67,159984,40322],{"class":85},[67,159986,1426],{"class":81},[67,159988,159989,159991,159993,159995,159997,159999,160001,160003,160005,160007],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,159990,135],{"class":134},[67,159992,138],{"class":81},[67,159994,2011],{"class":362},[67,159996,370],{"class":81},[67,159998,464],{"class":85},[67,160000,89],{"class":81},[67,160002,3182],{"class":85},[67,160004,89],{"class":81},[67,160006,2639],{"class":85},[67,160008,3189],{"class":81},[67,160010,160011,160013,160015,160017,160019,160021,160023,160025,160027,160029,160031,160033],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,160012,135],{"class":134},[67,160014,138],{"class":81},[67,160016,2011],{"class":362},[67,160018,5721],{"class":81},[67,160020,240],{"class":239},[67,160022,7860],{"class":243},[67,160024,240],{"class":239},[67,160026,1161],{"class":81},[67,160028,251],{"class":239},[67,160030,5193],{"class":243},[67,160032,240],{"class":239},[67,160034,5730],{"class":81},[67,160036,160037,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,160038,135],{"class":134},[67,160040,138],{"class":81},[67,160042,2011],{"class":362},[67,160044,138],{"class":81},[67,160046,3793],{"class":4043},[67,160048,1426],{"class":81},[14,160050,159],{},[58,160052,160054],{"className":60,"code":160053,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[17,160055,160056,160070,160084,160098,160112,160126],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,160057,160058,160060,160062,160064,160066,160068],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,160059,1397],{"class":77},[67,160061,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160063,342],{"class":239},[67,160065,1526],{"class":243},[67,160067,333],{"class":239},[67,160069,3491],{"class":77},[67,160071,160072,160074,160076,160078,160080,160082],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,160073,1397],{"class":77},[67,160075,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160077,342],{"class":239},[67,160079,2376],{"class":243},[67,160081,333],{"class":239},[67,160083,3491],{"class":77},[67,160085,160086,160088,160090,160092,160094,160096],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,160087,1397],{"class":77},[67,160089,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160091,342],{"class":239},[67,160093,2379],{"class":243},[67,160095,333],{"class":239},[67,160097,3491],{"class":77},[67,160099,160100,160102,160104,160106,160108,160110],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,160101,1397],{"class":77},[67,160103,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160105,342],{"class":239},[67,160107,363],{"class":243},[67,160109,333],{"class":239},[67,160111,3491],{"class":77},[67,160113,160114,160116,160118,160120,160122,160124],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,160115,1397],{"class":77},[67,160117,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160119,342],{"class":239},[67,160121,9007],{"class":243},[67,160123,333],{"class":239},[67,160125,3491],{"class":77},[67,160127,160128,160130,160132,160134,160136,160138],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,160129,1397],{"class":77},[67,160131,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160133,342],{"class":239},[67,160135,4059],{"class":243},[67,160137,333],{"class":239},[67,160139,3491],{"class":77},[14,160141,160142],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,160144,160145,160146,114],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[45,160147,44977],{"href":49157},[53,160149,8604,160151,160153],{"id":160150},"using-type-with-variables",[17,160152,2489],{}," with variables",[14,160155,160156],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,160158,160159],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[58,160161,160163],{"className":60,"code":160162,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[17,160164,160165,160173,160191,160195,160207,160225,160229,160241],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,160166,160167,160169,160171],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,160168,2634],{"class":73},[67,160170,78],{"class":77},[67,160172,2777],{"class":85},[67,160174,160175,160177,160179,160181,160183,160185,160187,160189],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,160176,135],{"class":134},[67,160178,138],{"class":81},[67,160180,2661],{"class":117},[67,160182,89],{"class":81},[67,160184,49569],{"class":362},[67,160186,138],{"class":81},[67,160188,2661],{"class":117},[67,160190,1426],{"class":81},[67,160192,160193],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,160194,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,160196,160197,160199,160201,160203,160205],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,160198,2634],{"class":73},[67,160200,78],{"class":77},[67,160202,251],{"class":239},[67,160204,46085],{"class":243},[67,160206,3547],{"class":239},[67,160208,160209,160211,160213,160215,160217,160219,160221,160223],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,160210,135],{"class":134},[67,160212,138],{"class":81},[67,160214,2661],{"class":117},[67,160216,89],{"class":81},[67,160218,49569],{"class":362},[67,160220,138],{"class":81},[67,160222,2661],{"class":117},[67,160224,1426],{"class":81},[67,160226,160227],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,160228,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,160230,160231,160233,160235,160237,160239],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,160232,2634],{"class":73},[67,160234,78],{"class":77},[67,160236,82],{"class":81},[67,160238,86],{"class":85},[67,160240,100],{"class":81},[67,160242,160243,160245,160247,160249,160251,160253,160255,160257],{"class":69,"line":6617},[67,160244,135],{"class":134},[67,160246,138],{"class":81},[67,160248,2661],{"class":117},[67,160250,89],{"class":81},[67,160252,49569],{"class":362},[67,160254,138],{"class":81},[67,160256,2661],{"class":117},[67,160258,1426],{"class":81},[14,160260,159],{},[58,160262,160264],{"className":60,"code":160263,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[17,160265,160266,160283,160300],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,160267,160268,160270,160273,160275,160277,160279,160281],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,160269,86],{"class":85},[67,160271,160272],{"class":77}," \u003C",[67,160274,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160276,342],{"class":239},[67,160278,2376],{"class":243},[67,160280,333],{"class":239},[67,160282,3491],{"class":77},[67,160284,160285,160288,160290,160292,160294,160296,160298],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,160286,160287],{"class":73},"ten ",[67,160289,1397],{"class":77},[67,160291,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160293,342],{"class":239},[67,160295,1526],{"class":243},[67,160297,333],{"class":239},[67,160299,3491],{"class":77},[67,160301,160302,160304,160306,160308,160310,160312,160314,160316,160318],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,160303,174],{"class":81},[67,160305,86],{"class":85},[67,160307,13459],{"class":81},[67,160309,160272],{"class":77},[67,160311,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160313,342],{"class":239},[67,160315,363],{"class":243},[67,160317,333],{"class":239},[67,160319,3491],{"class":77},[14,160321,160322,160324],{},[17,160323,2489],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160326,160327],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[58,160329,160331],{"className":60,"code":160330,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[17,160332,160333,160351,160365,160369,160383],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,160334,160335,160337,160339,160341,160343,160345,160347,160349],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,160336,3580],{"class":73},[67,160338,78],{"class":77},[67,160340,8430],{"class":134},[67,160342,138],{"class":81},[67,160344,240],{"class":239},[67,160346,42051],{"class":243},[67,160348,240],{"class":239},[67,160350,144],{"class":81},[67,160352,160353,160355,160357,160359,160361,160363],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,160354,135],{"class":134},[67,160356,138],{"class":81},[67,160358,2011],{"class":362},[67,160360,138],{"class":81},[67,160362,3606],{"class":117},[67,160364,1426],{"class":81},[67,160366,160367],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,160368,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,160370,160371,160373,160375,160377,160379,160381],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,160372,122979],{"class":73},[67,160374,78],{"class":77},[67,160376,1592],{"class":362},[67,160378,138],{"class":81},[67,160380,3606],{"class":117},[67,160382,144],{"class":81},[67,160384,160385,160387,160389,160391,160393,160395],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,160386,135],{"class":134},[67,160388,138],{"class":81},[67,160390,2011],{"class":362},[67,160392,138],{"class":81},[67,160394,123002],{"class":117},[67,160396,1426],{"class":81},[14,160398,41300,160399,41304],{},[17,160400,9380],{},[58,160402,160403],{"className":60,"code":125055,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,160404,160405,160419],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,160406,160407,160409,160411,160413,160415,160417],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,160408,1397],{"class":77},[67,160410,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160412,342],{"class":239},[67,160414,1526],{"class":243},[67,160416,333],{"class":239},[67,160418,3491],{"class":77},[67,160420,160421,160423,160425,160427,160429,160431],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,160422,1397],{"class":77},[67,160424,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160426,342],{"class":239},[67,160428,2376],{"class":243},[67,160430,333],{"class":239},[67,160432,3491],{"class":77},[14,160434,45881,160435,160439,160440,3068,160444,160448],{},[45,160436,160437],{"href":8407},[17,160438,3148],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[45,160441,160442],{"href":3064},[17,160443,3067],{},[45,160445,160446],{"href":3071},[17,160447,3074],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160450,160451,160452,114],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[45,160453,9167],{"href":9166},[53,160455,160457,10773,160459],{"id":160456},"type-vs-isinstance",[17,160458,2489],{},[17,160460,44985],{},[14,160462,160463,961,160465,160467],{},[17,160464,2489],{},[17,160466,44985],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[25,160469,160470,160475],{},[28,160471,160472,160474],{},[17,160473,2489],{}," tells you the exact type",[28,160476,160477,160479],{},[17,160478,44985],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160481,222],{},[58,160483,160485],{"className":60,"code":160484,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[17,160486,160487,160495,160499,160513],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,160488,160489,160491,160493],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,160490,2634],{"class":73},[67,160492,78],{"class":77},[67,160494,35027],{"class":85},[67,160496,160497],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,160498,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,160500,160501,160503,160505,160507,160509,160511],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,160502,135],{"class":134},[67,160504,138],{"class":81},[67,160506,2011],{"class":362},[67,160508,138],{"class":81},[67,160510,2661],{"class":117},[67,160512,1426],{"class":81},[67,160514,160515,160517,160519,160521,160523,160525,160527,160529],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,160516,135],{"class":134},[67,160518,138],{"class":81},[67,160520,49054],{"class":134},[67,160522,138],{"class":81},[67,160524,2661],{"class":117},[67,160526,89],{"class":81},[67,160528,1592],{"class":362},[67,160530,1426],{"class":81},[14,160532,159],{},[58,160534,160536],{"className":60,"code":160535,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[17,160537,160538,160552],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,160539,160540,160542,160544,160546,160548,160550],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,160541,1397],{"class":77},[67,160543,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160545,342],{"class":239},[67,160547,2376],{"class":243},[67,160549,333],{"class":239},[67,160551,3491],{"class":77},[67,160553,160554],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,160555,4170],{"class":4043},[14,160557,160558,160559,160561],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[17,160560,44985],{}," is more practical.",[58,160563,160565],{"className":60,"code":160564,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[17,160566,160567,160575,160579,160595],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,160568,160569,160571,160573],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,160570,2634],{"class":73},[67,160572,78],{"class":77},[67,160574,35027],{"class":85},[67,160576,160577],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,160578,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,160580,160581,160583,160585,160587,160589,160591,160593],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,160582,1217],{"class":1167},[67,160584,49792],{"class":134},[67,160586,138],{"class":81},[67,160588,2661],{"class":117},[67,160590,89],{"class":81},[67,160592,1592],{"class":362},[67,160594,1407],{"class":81},[67,160596,160597,160599,160601,160603,160606,160608],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,160598,1228],{"class":134},[67,160600,138],{"class":81},[67,160602,240],{"class":239},[67,160604,160605],{"class":243},"This is an integer",[67,160607,240],{"class":239},[67,160609,144],{"class":81},[14,160611,185,160612,160614],{},[17,160613,2489],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160616,185,160617,160619,160620,7364],{},[17,160618,44985],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[17,160621,1217],{},[14,160623,160624,160625,114],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[45,160626,3764,160628,3697],{"href":160627},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[17,160629,44985],{},[53,160631,160633,160634],{"id":160632},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[17,160635,2489],{},[14,160637,160638],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[58,160640,160642],{"className":60,"code":160641,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[17,160643,160644],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,160645,160646,160648,160650,160652,160654,160657,160659,160661],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,160647,2011],{"class":362},[67,160649,138],{"class":81},[67,160651,7860],{"class":117},[67,160653,89],{"class":81},[67,160655,160656],{"class":117}," bases",[67,160658,89],{"class":81},[67,160660,9357],{"class":362},[67,160662,144],{"class":81},[14,160664,160665],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160667,222],{},[58,160669,160671],{"className":60,"code":160670,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[17,160672,160673,160716,160720,160730],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,160674,160675,160678,160680,160682,160684,160686,160689,160691,160693,160696,160698,160700,160703,160705,160707,160709,160712,160714],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,160676,160677],{"class":73},"Person ",[67,160679,78],{"class":77},[67,160681,49569],{"class":362},[67,160683,138],{"class":81},[67,160685,240],{"class":239},[67,160687,160688],{"class":243},"Person",[67,160690,240],{"class":239},[67,160692,89],{"class":81},[67,160694,160695],{"class":81}," (),",[67,160697,10678],{"class":81},[67,160699,240],{"class":239},[67,160701,160702],{"class":243},"species",[67,160704,240],{"class":239},[67,160706,1161],{"class":81},[67,160708,251],{"class":239},[67,160710,160711],{"class":243},"human",[67,160713,240],{"class":239},[67,160715,30680],{"class":81},[67,160717,160718],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,160719,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,160721,160722,160724,160726,160728],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,160723,135],{"class":134},[67,160725,138],{"class":81},[67,160727,160688],{"class":117},[67,160729,144],{"class":81},[67,160731,160732,160734,160736,160738,160740,160742],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,160733,135],{"class":134},[67,160735,138],{"class":81},[67,160737,160688],{"class":117},[67,160739,114],{"class":81},[67,160741,160702],{"class":24938},[67,160743,144],{"class":81},[14,160745,159],{},[58,160747,160749],{"className":60,"code":160748,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[17,160750,160751,160766],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,160752,160753,160755,160757,160759,160762,160764],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,160754,1397],{"class":77},[67,160756,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160758,342],{"class":239},[67,160760,160761],{"class":243},"__main__.Person",[67,160763,333],{"class":239},[67,160765,3491],{"class":77},[67,160767,160768],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,160769,160770],{"class":73},"human\n",[14,160772,160773,160774,160776],{},"Most beginners do ",[3934,160775,4820],{}," need this form.",[14,160778,160779],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[53,160781,5151,160783],{"id":160782},"when-to-use-type",[17,160784,2489],{},[14,160786,160787,12634],{},[17,160788,2489],{},[25,160790,160791,160794,160797,160800],{},[28,160792,160793],{},"debug unexpected values",[28,160795,160796],{},"check what a conversion produced",[28,160798,160799],{},"learn Python data types",[28,160801,160802],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160804,5663],{},[58,160806,160808],{"className":60,"code":160807,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,160809,160810,160822,160836,160840,160854],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,160811,160812,160814,160816,160818,160820],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,160813,34873],{"class":73},[67,160815,78],{"class":77},[67,160817,251],{"class":239},[67,160819,50423],{"class":243},[67,160821,3547],{"class":239},[67,160823,160824,160826,160828,160830,160832,160834],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,160825,2403],{"class":73},[67,160827,78],{"class":77},[67,160829,1592],{"class":362},[67,160831,138],{"class":81},[67,160833,34894],{"class":117},[67,160835,144],{"class":81},[67,160837,160838],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,160839,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,160841,160842,160844,160846,160848,160850,160852],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,160843,135],{"class":134},[67,160845,138],{"class":81},[67,160847,2011],{"class":362},[67,160849,138],{"class":81},[67,160851,34894],{"class":117},[67,160853,1426],{"class":81},[67,160855,160856,160858,160860,160862,160864,160866],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,160857,135],{"class":134},[67,160859,138],{"class":81},[67,160861,2011],{"class":362},[67,160863,138],{"class":81},[67,160865,2426],{"class":117},[67,160867,1426],{"class":81},[14,160869,159],{},[58,160871,160872],{"className":60,"code":125055,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,160873,160874,160888],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,160875,160876,160878,160880,160882,160884,160886],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,160877,1397],{"class":77},[67,160879,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160881,342],{"class":239},[67,160883,1526],{"class":243},[67,160885,333],{"class":239},[67,160887,3491],{"class":77},[67,160889,160890,160892,160894,160896,160898,160900],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,160891,1397],{"class":77},[67,160893,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160895,342],{"class":239},[67,160897,2376],{"class":243},[67,160899,333],{"class":239},[67,160901,3491],{"class":77},[14,160903,160904],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160906,160907,160908,1550,160912,17260,160916,160920],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[45,160909,160910],{"href":42355},[17,160911,47862],{},[45,160913,160914],{"href":3064},[17,160915,3067],{},[45,160917,160918],{"href":3071},[17,160919,3074],{}," are often the next step.",[53,160922,25546],{"id":25545},[14,160924,160925,160926,160928],{},"A few things about ",[17,160927,2489],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1109,160930,160932,160935],{"id":160931},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[17,160933,160934],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,160937,64812],{},[58,160939,160941],{"className":60,"code":160940,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(5))\n",[17,160942,160943],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,160944,160945,160947,160949,160951,160953,160955],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,160946,135],{"class":134},[67,160948,138],{"class":81},[67,160950,2011],{"class":362},[67,160952,138],{"class":81},[67,160954,1308],{"class":85},[67,160956,1426],{"class":81},[14,160958,122898],{},[58,160960,160961],{"className":60,"code":156410,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,160962,160963],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,160964,160965,160967,160969,160971,160973,160975],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,160966,1397],{"class":77},[67,160968,3482],{"class":2254},[67,160970,342],{"class":239},[67,160972,2376],{"class":243},[67,160974,333],{"class":239},[67,160976,3491],{"class":77},[14,160978,41085,160979,160981,160982,114],{},[3934,160980,4820],{}," print just ",[17,160983,2376],{},[14,160985,6869,160986,160988],{},[17,160987,2489],{}," returns a class object.",[1109,160990,160992,2584,160994],{"id":160991},"input-returns-str",[17,160993,3148],{},[17,160995,1526],{},[14,160997,79523],{},[58,160999,161001],{"className":60,"code":161000,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,161002,161003,161021],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,161004,161005,161007,161009,161011,161013,161015,161017,161019],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,161006,2634],{"class":73},[67,161008,78],{"class":77},[67,161010,8430],{"class":134},[67,161012,138],{"class":81},[67,161014,240],{"class":239},[67,161016,46488],{"class":243},[67,161018,240],{"class":239},[67,161020,144],{"class":81},[67,161022,161023,161025,161027,161029,161031,161033],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,161024,135],{"class":134},[67,161026,138],{"class":81},[67,161028,2011],{"class":362},[67,161030,138],{"class":81},[67,161032,2661],{"class":117},[67,161034,1426],{"class":81},[14,161036,161037],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,161039,161040,161041,3068,161043,114],{},"If you need a number, use ",[17,161042,3067],{},[17,161044,3074],{},[1109,161046,161048],{"id":161047},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,161050,161051],{},"Avoid code like this:",[58,161053,161055],{"className":60,"code":161054,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[17,161056,161057,161065,161069,161095],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,161058,161059,161061,161063],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,161060,2634],{"class":73},[67,161062,78],{"class":77},[67,161064,35027],{"class":85},[67,161066,161067],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,161068,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,161070,161071,161073,161075,161077,161079,161081,161083,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,161072,1217],{"class":1167},[67,161074,49083],{"class":362},[67,161076,138],{"class":81},[67,161078,2011],{"class":362},[67,161080,138],{"class":81},[67,161082,2661],{"class":117},[67,161084,5552],{"class":81},[67,161086,6600],{"class":77},[67,161088,251],{"class":239},[67,161090,159789],{"class":243},[67,161092,240],{"class":239},[67,161094,1223],{"class":81},[67,161096,161097,161099,161101,161103,161106,161108],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,161098,1228],{"class":134},[67,161100,138],{"class":81},[67,161102,240],{"class":239},[67,161104,161105],{"class":243},"It is an int",[67,161107,240],{"class":239},[67,161109,144],{"class":81},[14,161111,161112],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,161114,161115],{},"Better options:",[58,161117,161119],{"className":60,"code":161118,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[17,161120,161121,161129,161133,161153],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,161122,161123,161125,161127],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,161124,2634],{"class":73},[67,161126,78],{"class":77},[67,161128,35027],{"class":85},[67,161130,161131],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,161132,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,161134,161135,161137,161139,161141,161143,161145,161147,161149,161151],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,161136,135],{"class":134},[67,161138,138],{"class":81},[67,161140,2011],{"class":362},[67,161142,138],{"class":81},[67,161144,2661],{"class":117},[67,161146,3849],{"class":81},[67,161148,6600],{"class":77},[67,161150,1592],{"class":362},[67,161152,144],{"class":81},[67,161154,161155,161157,161159,161161,161163,161165,161167,161169],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,161156,135],{"class":134},[67,161158,138],{"class":81},[67,161160,49054],{"class":134},[67,161162,138],{"class":81},[67,161164,2661],{"class":117},[67,161166,89],{"class":81},[67,161168,1592],{"class":362},[67,161170,1426],{"class":81},[14,161172,159],{},[58,161174,161175],{"className":60,"code":4693,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,161176,161177,161181],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,161178,161179],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,161180,4170],{"class":4043},[67,161182,161183],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,161184,4170],{"class":4043},[14,161186,161187,161188,161190],{},"In most real code, ",[17,161189,44985],{}," is the more useful check.",[53,161192,1907],{"id":1906},[14,161194,14920,161195,1161],{},[17,161196,2489],{},[25,161198,161199,161209,161218,161227],{},[28,161200,8604,161201,161203,161204,161208],{},[17,161202,2489],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[45,161205,161206],{"href":8407},[17,161207,3148],{}," always returns a string",[28,161210,1930,161211,161213,161214,11279,161216],{},[17,161212,2489],{}," to return plain text like ",[17,161215,2376],{},[17,161217,159789],{},[28,161219,8604,161220,44809,161223,161226],{},[17,161221,161222],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[17,161224,161225],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[28,161228,161229],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,161231,161232,161233,114],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[45,161234,161236],{"href":161235},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,161238,144564],{},[58,161240,161242],{"className":60,"code":161241,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[17,161243,161244,161258,161268,161282,161292],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,161245,161246,161248,161250,161252,161254,161256],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,161247,135],{"class":134},[67,161249,138],{"class":81},[67,161251,2011],{"class":362},[67,161253,138],{"class":81},[67,161255,2661],{"class":117},[67,161257,1426],{"class":81},[67,161259,161260,161262,161264,161266],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,161261,135],{"class":134},[67,161263,138],{"class":81},[67,161265,2661],{"class":117},[67,161267,144],{"class":81},[67,161269,161270,161272,161274,161276,161278,161280],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,161271,135],{"class":134},[67,161273,138],{"class":81},[67,161275,41959],{"class":134},[67,161277,138],{"class":81},[67,161279,2661],{"class":117},[67,161281,1426],{"class":81},[67,161283,161284,161286,161288,161290],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,161285,32337],{"class":134},[67,161287,138],{"class":81},[67,161289,2011],{"class":362},[67,161291,144],{"class":81},[67,161293,161294,161296,161298,161300],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,161295,34557],{"class":134},[67,161297,138],{"class":81},[67,161299,2661],{"class":117},[67,161301,144],{"class":81},[14,161303,161304],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[53,161306,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,161308,5331,161310,5334],{"id":161309},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[17,161311,2489],{},[14,161313,161314,161315,1550,161317,1550,161319,1553,161321,161323,161324,114],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[17,161316,1526],{},[17,161318,2376],{},[17,161320,363],{},[17,161322,9007],{},", shown as a class object like ",[17,161325,159786],{},[1109,161327,15090,161329,57374,161331,2681],{"id":161328},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[17,161330,2489],{},[17,161332,44985],{},[14,161334,46543,161335,161337,161338,161340],{},[17,161336,2489],{}," shows the exact type. ",[17,161339,44985],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1109,161342,5347,161344,161347,161348,2681],{"id":161343},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[17,161345,161346],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[17,161349,1526],{},[14,161351,29248,161352,161354,161355,3068,161357,160448],{},[17,161353,3148],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[17,161356,3067],{},[17,161358,3074],{},[1109,161360,5359,161362,161364],{"id":161361},"can-type-create-classes",[17,161363,2489],{}," create classes?",[14,161366,161367,161368,114],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[17,161369,161370],{},"type(object)",[53,161372,2094],{"id":2093},[25,161374,161375,161379,161385,161391,161395,161401,161407],{},[28,161376,161377],{},[45,161378,44977],{"href":49157},[28,161380,161381],{},[45,161382,3764,161383,3697],{"href":160627},[17,161384,44985],{},[28,161386,161387],{},[45,161388,3764,161389,3697],{"href":8407},[17,161390,3148],{},[28,161392,161393],{},[45,161394,9244],{"href":9166},[28,161396,161397],{},[45,161398,3764,161399,3697],{"href":3064},[17,161400,3067],{},[28,161402,161403],{},[45,161404,3764,161405,3697],{"href":3071},[17,161406,3074],{},[28,161408,161409],{},[45,161410,3764,161411,3697],{"href":42355},[17,161412,47862],{},[2122,161414,161415],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":63,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":161417},[161418,161419,161421,161422,161423,161425,161427,161429,161431,161438,161439,161449],{"id":3797,"depth":103,"text":3798},{"id":159792,"depth":103,"text":161420},"What the type() function does",{"id":351,"depth":103,"text":352},{"id":121866,"depth":103,"text":121867},{"id":160150,"depth":103,"text":161424},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160456,"depth":103,"text":161426},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160632,"depth":103,"text":161428},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160782,"depth":103,"text":161430},"When to use type()",{"id":25545,"depth":103,"text":25546,"children":161432},[161433,161435,161437],{"id":160931,"depth":124,"text":161434},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160991,"depth":124,"text":161436},"input() returns str",{"id":161047,"depth":124,"text":161048},{"id":1906,"depth":103,"text":1907},{"id":2044,"depth":103,"text":2045,"children":161440},[161441,161443,161445,161447],{"id":161309,"depth":124,"text":161442},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161328,"depth":124,"text":161444},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161343,"depth":124,"text":161446},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161361,"depth":124,"text":161448},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2093,"depth":103,"text":2094},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159626,"description":161450},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161456,"title":161457,"body":161458,"description":163937,"extension":2153,"meta":163938,"navigation":127,"path":163939,"seo":163940,"stem":163941,"__hash__":163942},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161459,"toc":163894},[161460,161465,161470,161479,161481,161581,161583,161608,161613,161618,161634,161637,161639,161641,161666,161669,161672,161755,161757,161806,161809,161931,161933,162006,162010,162013,162127,162129,162155,162157,162178,162183,162187,162192,162195,162299,162301,162318,162327,162330,162417,162419,162430,162435,162441,162446,162452,162455,162548,162550,162599,162605,162608,162709,162711,162764,162769,162773,162776,162875,162877,162916,162919,162924,162926,162931,162935,163048,163052,163149,163153,163241,163243,163260,163264,163387,163393,163399,163405,163410,163413,163440,163444,163446,163540,163543,163547,163550,163637,163640,163675,163677,163714,163717,163725,163730,163735,163809,163816,163818,163823,163826,163832,163835,163841,163846,163852,163857,163861,163864,163866,163891],[10,161461,3764,161463,3768],{"id":161462},"python-zip-function-explained",[17,161464,64488],{},[14,161466,161467,161469],{},[17,161468,64488],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161471,161472,161473,161475,161476,161478],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[17,161474,64488],{}," inside a ",[17,161477,6150],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[53,161480,56],{"id":55},[58,161482,161484],{"className":60,"code":161483,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[17,161485,161486,161518,161538,161542,161567],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,161487,161488,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498,161500,161502,161504,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514,161516],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,161489,977],{"class":73},[67,161491,78],{"class":77},[67,161493,82],{"class":81},[67,161495,240],{"class":239},[67,161497,986],{"class":243},[67,161499,240],{"class":239},[67,161501,89],{"class":81},[67,161503,251],{"class":239},[67,161505,995],{"class":243},[67,161507,240],{"class":239},[67,161509,89],{"class":81},[67,161511,251],{"class":239},[67,161513,1004],{"class":243},[67,161515,240],{"class":239},[67,161517,100],{"class":81},[67,161519,161520,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532,161534,161536],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,161521,5252],{"class":73},[67,161523,78],{"class":77},[67,161525,82],{"class":81},[67,161527,13688],{"class":85},[67,161529,89],{"class":81},[67,161531,13693],{"class":85},[67,161533,89],{"class":81},[67,161535,29107],{"class":85},[67,161537,100],{"class":81},[67,161539,161540],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,161541,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,161543,161544,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,161545,6150],{"class":1167},[67,161547,36175],{"class":73},[67,161549,89],{"class":81},[67,161551,5294],{"class":73},[67,161553,4074],{"class":1167},[67,161555,161556],{"class":134}," zip",[67,161558,138],{"class":81},[67,161560,1057],{"class":117},[67,161562,89],{"class":81},[67,161564,5299],{"class":117},[67,161566,1407],{"class":81},[67,161568,161569,161571,161573,161575,161577,161579],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,161570,1228],{"class":134},[67,161572,138],{"class":81},[67,161574,7860],{"class":117},[67,161576,89],{"class":81},[67,161578,130844],{"class":117},[67,161580,144],{"class":81},[14,161582,159],{},[58,161584,161586],{"className":60,"code":161585,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[17,161587,161588,161594,161601],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,161589,161590,161592],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,161591,133863],{"class":73},[67,161593,33321],{"class":85},[67,161595,161596,161599],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,161597,161598],{"class":73},"Ben ",[67,161600,33326],{"class":85},[67,161602,161603,161606],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,161604,161605],{"class":73},"Cara ",[67,161607,33331],{"class":85},[14,161609,185,161610,161612],{},[17,161611,64488],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[53,161614,3867,161616,3870],{"id":161615},"what-zip-does",[17,161617,64488],{},[25,161619,161620,161625,161628,161631],{},[28,161621,161622,161624],{},[17,161623,64488],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[28,161626,161627],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[28,161629,161630],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[28,161632,161633],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161635,161636],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[53,161638,352],{"id":351},[14,161640,7409],{},[58,161642,161644],{"className":60,"code":161643,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[17,161645,161646],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,161647,161648,161650,161652,161655,161657,161660,161662,161664],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,161649,64558],{"class":134},[67,161651,138],{"class":81},[67,161653,161654],{"class":117},"iterable1",[67,161656,89],{"class":81},[67,161658,161659],{"class":117}," iterable2",[67,161661,89],{"class":81},[67,161663,34639],{"class":134},[67,161665,144],{"class":81},[14,161667,161668],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161670,161671],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[58,161673,161675],{"className":60,"code":161674,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[17,161676,161677,161697,161729,161733],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,161678,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,161680,74],{"class":73},[67,161682,78],{"class":77},[67,161684,82],{"class":81},[67,161686,464],{"class":85},[67,161688,89],{"class":81},[67,161690,3182],{"class":85},[67,161692,89],{"class":81},[67,161694,2639],{"class":85},[67,161696,100],{"class":81},[67,161698,161699,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721,161723,161725,161727],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,161700,411],{"class":73},[67,161702,78],{"class":77},[67,161704,82],{"class":81},[67,161706,240],{"class":239},[67,161708,45],{"class":243},[67,161710,240],{"class":239},[67,161712,89],{"class":81},[67,161714,251],{"class":239},[67,161716,428],{"class":243},[67,161718,240],{"class":239},[67,161720,89],{"class":81},[67,161722,251],{"class":239},[67,161724,437],{"class":243},[67,161726,240],{"class":239},[67,161728,100],{"class":81},[67,161730,161731],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,161732,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,161734,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,161736,135],{"class":134},[67,161738,138],{"class":81},[67,161740,363],{"class":362},[67,161742,138],{"class":81},[67,161744,64558],{"class":134},[67,161746,138],{"class":81},[67,161748,154],{"class":117},[67,161750,89],{"class":81},[67,161752,455],{"class":117},[67,161754,3102],{"class":81},[14,161756,159],{},[58,161758,161760],{"className":60,"code":161759,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[17,161761,161762],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,161763,161764,161766,161768,161770,161772,161774,161776,161778,161780,161782,161784,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802,161804],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,161765,21929],{"class":81},[67,161767,464],{"class":85},[67,161769,89],{"class":81},[67,161771,342],{"class":239},[67,161773,45],{"class":243},[67,161775,333],{"class":239},[67,161777,9420],{"class":81},[67,161779,9423],{"class":81},[67,161781,2245],{"class":85},[67,161783,89],{"class":81},[67,161785,342],{"class":239},[67,161787,428],{"class":243},[67,161789,333],{"class":239},[67,161791,9420],{"class":81},[67,161793,9423],{"class":81},[67,161795,2251],{"class":85},[67,161797,89],{"class":81},[67,161799,342],{"class":239},[67,161801,437],{"class":243},[67,161803,333],{"class":239},[67,161805,9436],{"class":81},[14,161807,161808],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[58,161810,161812],{"className":60,"code":161811,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[17,161813,161814,161846,161866,161900,161904],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,161815,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,161817,977],{"class":73},[67,161819,78],{"class":77},[67,161821,82],{"class":81},[67,161823,240],{"class":239},[67,161825,986],{"class":243},[67,161827,240],{"class":239},[67,161829,89],{"class":81},[67,161831,251],{"class":239},[67,161833,995],{"class":243},[67,161835,240],{"class":239},[67,161837,89],{"class":81},[67,161839,251],{"class":239},[67,161841,1004],{"class":243},[67,161843,240],{"class":239},[67,161845,100],{"class":81},[67,161847,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,161849,5252],{"class":73},[67,161851,78],{"class":77},[67,161853,82],{"class":81},[67,161855,13688],{"class":85},[67,161857,89],{"class":81},[67,161859,13693],{"class":85},[67,161861,89],{"class":81},[67,161863,29107],{"class":85},[67,161865,100],{"class":81},[67,161867,161868,161871,161873,161875,161877,161879,161881,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161896,161898],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,161869,161870],{"class":73},"grades ",[67,161872,78],{"class":77},[67,161874,82],{"class":81},[67,161876,240],{"class":239},[67,161878,22434],{"class":243},[67,161880,240],{"class":239},[67,161882,89],{"class":81},[67,161884,251],{"class":239},[67,161886,30784],{"class":243},[67,161888,240],{"class":239},[67,161890,89],{"class":81},[67,161892,251],{"class":239},[67,161894,161895],{"class":243},"B+",[67,161897,240],{"class":239},[67,161899,100],{"class":81},[67,161901,161902],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,161903,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,161905,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161929],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,161907,135],{"class":134},[67,161909,138],{"class":81},[67,161911,363],{"class":362},[67,161913,138],{"class":81},[67,161915,64558],{"class":134},[67,161917,138],{"class":81},[67,161919,1057],{"class":117},[67,161921,89],{"class":81},[67,161923,5299],{"class":117},[67,161925,89],{"class":81},[67,161927,161928],{"class":117}," grades",[67,161930,3102],{"class":81},[14,161932,159],{},[58,161934,161936],{"className":60,"code":161935,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[17,161937,161938],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,161939,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,161941,21929],{"class":81},[67,161943,333],{"class":239},[67,161945,986],{"class":243},[67,161947,333],{"class":239},[67,161949,89],{"class":81},[67,161951,20086],{"class":85},[67,161953,89],{"class":81},[67,161955,342],{"class":239},[67,161957,22434],{"class":243},[67,161959,333],{"class":239},[67,161961,9420],{"class":81},[67,161963,9423],{"class":81},[67,161965,333],{"class":239},[67,161967,995],{"class":243},[67,161969,333],{"class":239},[67,161971,89],{"class":81},[67,161973,13693],{"class":85},[67,161975,89],{"class":81},[67,161977,342],{"class":239},[67,161979,30784],{"class":243},[67,161981,333],{"class":239},[67,161983,9420],{"class":81},[67,161985,9423],{"class":81},[67,161987,333],{"class":239},[67,161989,1004],{"class":243},[67,161991,333],{"class":239},[67,161993,89],{"class":81},[67,161995,29107],{"class":85},[67,161997,89],{"class":81},[67,161999,342],{"class":239},[67,162001,161895],{"class":243},[67,162003,333],{"class":239},[67,162005,9436],{"class":81},[53,162007,162009],{"id":162008},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,162011,162012],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[58,162014,162016],{"className":60,"code":162015,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[17,162017,162018,162050,162070,162074,162098],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,162019,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,162021,977],{"class":73},[67,162023,78],{"class":77},[67,162025,82],{"class":81},[67,162027,240],{"class":239},[67,162029,986],{"class":243},[67,162031,240],{"class":239},[67,162033,89],{"class":81},[67,162035,251],{"class":239},[67,162037,995],{"class":243},[67,162039,240],{"class":239},[67,162041,89],{"class":81},[67,162043,251],{"class":239},[67,162045,1004],{"class":243},[67,162047,240],{"class":239},[67,162049,100],{"class":81},[67,162051,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,162053,5252],{"class":73},[67,162055,78],{"class":77},[67,162057,82],{"class":81},[67,162059,13688],{"class":85},[67,162061,89],{"class":81},[67,162063,13693],{"class":85},[67,162065,89],{"class":81},[67,162067,29107],{"class":85},[67,162069,100],{"class":81},[67,162071,162072],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,162073,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,162075,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,162077,6150],{"class":1167},[67,162079,36175],{"class":73},[67,162081,89],{"class":81},[67,162083,5294],{"class":73},[67,162085,4074],{"class":1167},[67,162087,161556],{"class":134},[67,162089,138],{"class":81},[67,162091,1057],{"class":117},[67,162093,89],{"class":81},[67,162095,5299],{"class":117},[67,162097,1407],{"class":81},[67,162099,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162117,162119,162121,162123,162125],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,162101,1228],{"class":134},[67,162103,138],{"class":81},[67,162105,22483],{"class":2254},[67,162107,240],{"class":243},[67,162109,9465],{"class":85},[67,162111,7860],{"class":117},[67,162113,22492],{"class":85},[67,162115,162116],{"class":243}," scored ",[67,162118,9465],{"class":85},[67,162120,85501],{"class":117},[67,162122,22492],{"class":85},[67,162124,240],{"class":243},[67,162126,144],{"class":81},[14,162128,159],{},[58,162130,162132],{"className":60,"code":162131,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[17,162133,162134,162141,162148],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,162135,162136,162139],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,162137,162138],{"class":73},"Ana scored ",[67,162140,33321],{"class":85},[67,162142,162143,162146],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,162144,162145],{"class":73},"Ben scored ",[67,162147,33326],{"class":85},[67,162149,162150,162153],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,162151,162152],{"class":73},"Cara scored ",[67,162154,33331],{"class":85},[14,162156,45110],{},[25,162158,162159,162168,162171],{},[28,162160,162161,162164,162165],{},[17,162162,162163],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[17,162166,162167],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[28,162169,162170],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[28,162172,162173,961,162175,162177],{},[17,162174,7860],{},[17,162176,85501],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,162179,162180,162181,114],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[45,162182,69777],{"href":69776},[53,162184,162186],{"id":162185},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,162188,162189,162191],{},[17,162190,64488],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162193,162194],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[58,162196,162198],{"className":60,"code":162197,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[17,162199,162200,162241,162257,162261,162285],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,162201,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162237,162239],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,162203,977],{"class":73},[67,162205,78],{"class":77},[67,162207,82],{"class":81},[67,162209,240],{"class":239},[67,162211,986],{"class":243},[67,162213,240],{"class":239},[67,162215,89],{"class":81},[67,162217,251],{"class":239},[67,162219,995],{"class":243},[67,162221,240],{"class":239},[67,162223,89],{"class":81},[67,162225,251],{"class":239},[67,162227,1004],{"class":243},[67,162229,240],{"class":239},[67,162231,89],{"class":81},[67,162233,251],{"class":239},[67,162235,162236],{"class":243},"Dan",[67,162238,240],{"class":239},[67,162240,100],{"class":81},[67,162242,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,162244,5252],{"class":73},[67,162246,78],{"class":77},[67,162248,82],{"class":81},[67,162250,13688],{"class":85},[67,162252,89],{"class":81},[67,162254,13693],{"class":85},[67,162256,100],{"class":81},[67,162258,162259],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,162260,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,162262,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271,162273,162275,162277,162279,162281,162283],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,162264,6150],{"class":1167},[67,162266,36175],{"class":73},[67,162268,89],{"class":81},[67,162270,5294],{"class":73},[67,162272,4074],{"class":1167},[67,162274,161556],{"class":134},[67,162276,138],{"class":81},[67,162278,1057],{"class":117},[67,162280,89],{"class":81},[67,162282,5299],{"class":117},[67,162284,1407],{"class":81},[67,162286,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,162288,1228],{"class":134},[67,162290,138],{"class":81},[67,162292,7860],{"class":117},[67,162294,89],{"class":81},[67,162296,130844],{"class":117},[67,162298,144],{"class":81},[14,162300,159],{},[58,162302,162304],{"className":60,"code":162303,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[17,162305,162306,162312],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,162307,162308,162310],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,162309,133863],{"class":73},[67,162311,33321],{"class":85},[67,162313,162314,162316],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,162315,161598],{"class":73},[67,162317,33326],{"class":85},[14,162319,2473,162320,961,162323,162326],{},[17,162321,162322],{},"\"Cara\"",[17,162324,162325],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162328,162329],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[58,162331,162333],{"className":60,"code":162332,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[17,162334,162335,162375,162391,162395],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,162336,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,162338,977],{"class":73},[67,162340,78],{"class":77},[67,162342,82],{"class":81},[67,162344,240],{"class":239},[67,162346,986],{"class":243},[67,162348,240],{"class":239},[67,162350,89],{"class":81},[67,162352,251],{"class":239},[67,162354,995],{"class":243},[67,162356,240],{"class":239},[67,162358,89],{"class":81},[67,162360,251],{"class":239},[67,162362,1004],{"class":243},[67,162364,240],{"class":239},[67,162366,89],{"class":81},[67,162368,251],{"class":239},[67,162370,162236],{"class":243},[67,162372,240],{"class":239},[67,162374,100],{"class":81},[67,162376,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,162378,5252],{"class":73},[67,162380,78],{"class":77},[67,162382,82],{"class":81},[67,162384,13688],{"class":85},[67,162386,89],{"class":81},[67,162388,13693],{"class":85},[67,162390,100],{"class":81},[67,162392,162393],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,162394,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,162396,162397,162399,162401,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,162398,135],{"class":134},[67,162400,138],{"class":81},[67,162402,1964],{"class":134},[67,162404,138],{"class":81},[67,162406,1057],{"class":117},[67,162408,9420],{"class":81},[67,162410,1400],{"class":134},[67,162412,138],{"class":81},[67,162414,16576],{"class":117},[67,162416,1426],{"class":81},[14,162418,159],{},[58,162420,162422],{"className":60,"code":162421,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"4 2\n",[17,162423,162424],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,162425,162426,162428],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,162427,2694],{"class":85},[67,162429,1377],{"class":85},[14,162431,162432,162433,114],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[17,162434,64488],{},[53,162436,92092,162438,162440],{"id":162437},"converting-zip-output",[17,162439,64488],{}," output",[14,162442,29248,162443,162445],{},[17,162444,64488],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1109,162447,185,162449],{"id":162448},"use-listzip",[17,162450,162451],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162453,162454],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[58,162456,162458],{"className":60,"code":162457,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[17,162459,162460,162492,162512,162516,162538],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,162461,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488,162490],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,162463,977],{"class":73},[67,162465,78],{"class":77},[67,162467,82],{"class":81},[67,162469,240],{"class":239},[67,162471,986],{"class":243},[67,162473,240],{"class":239},[67,162475,89],{"class":81},[67,162477,251],{"class":239},[67,162479,995],{"class":243},[67,162481,240],{"class":239},[67,162483,89],{"class":81},[67,162485,251],{"class":239},[67,162487,1004],{"class":243},[67,162489,240],{"class":239},[67,162491,100],{"class":81},[67,162493,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,162495,5252],{"class":73},[67,162497,78],{"class":77},[67,162499,82],{"class":81},[67,162501,13688],{"class":85},[67,162503,89],{"class":81},[67,162505,13693],{"class":85},[67,162507,89],{"class":81},[67,162509,29107],{"class":85},[67,162511,100],{"class":81},[67,162513,162514],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,162515,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,162517,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,162519,9402],{"class":73},[67,162521,78],{"class":77},[67,162523,22749],{"class":362},[67,162525,138],{"class":81},[67,162527,64558],{"class":134},[67,162529,138],{"class":81},[67,162531,1057],{"class":117},[67,162533,89],{"class":81},[67,162535,5299],{"class":117},[67,162537,1426],{"class":81},[67,162539,162540,162542,162544,162546],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,162541,135],{"class":134},[67,162543,138],{"class":81},[67,162545,9449],{"class":117},[67,162547,144],{"class":81},[14,162549,159],{},[58,162551,162553],{"className":60,"code":162552,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[17,162554,162555],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,162556,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,162558,21929],{"class":81},[67,162560,333],{"class":239},[67,162562,986],{"class":243},[67,162564,333],{"class":239},[67,162566,89],{"class":81},[67,162568,20086],{"class":85},[67,162570,9420],{"class":81},[67,162572,9423],{"class":81},[67,162574,333],{"class":239},[67,162576,995],{"class":243},[67,162578,333],{"class":239},[67,162580,89],{"class":81},[67,162582,13693],{"class":85},[67,162584,9420],{"class":81},[67,162586,9423],{"class":81},[67,162588,333],{"class":239},[67,162590,1004],{"class":243},[67,162592,333],{"class":239},[67,162594,89],{"class":81},[67,162596,29107],{"class":85},[67,162598,9436],{"class":81},[1109,162600,185,162602],{"id":162601},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[17,162603,162604],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162606,162607],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[58,162609,162611],{"className":60,"code":162610,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[17,162612,162613,162645,162673,162677,162699],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,162614,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,162616,17430],{"class":73},[67,162618,78],{"class":77},[67,162620,82],{"class":81},[67,162622,240],{"class":239},[67,162624,7860],{"class":243},[67,162626,240],{"class":239},[67,162628,89],{"class":81},[67,162630,251],{"class":239},[67,162632,9486],{"class":243},[67,162634,240],{"class":239},[67,162636,89],{"class":81},[67,162638,251],{"class":239},[67,162640,10596],{"class":243},[67,162642,240],{"class":239},[67,162644,100],{"class":81},[67,162646,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,162648,4014],{"class":73},[67,162650,78],{"class":77},[67,162652,82],{"class":81},[67,162654,240],{"class":239},[67,162656,986],{"class":243},[67,162658,240],{"class":239},[67,162660,89],{"class":81},[67,162662,9493],{"class":85},[67,162664,89],{"class":81},[67,162666,251],{"class":239},[67,162668,16218],{"class":243},[67,162670,240],{"class":239},[67,162672,100],{"class":81},[67,162674,162675],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,162676,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,162678,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,162680,13390],{"class":73},[67,162682,78],{"class":77},[67,162684,9357],{"class":362},[67,162686,138],{"class":81},[67,162688,64558],{"class":134},[67,162690,138],{"class":81},[67,162692,17111],{"class":117},[67,162694,89],{"class":81},[67,162696,4077],{"class":117},[67,162698,1426],{"class":81},[67,162700,162701,162703,162705,162707],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,162702,135],{"class":134},[67,162704,138],{"class":81},[67,162706,17495],{"class":117},[67,162708,144],{"class":81},[14,162710,159],{},[58,162712,162714],{"className":60,"code":162713,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[17,162715,162716],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,162717,162718,162720,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736,162738,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756,162758,162760,162762],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,162719,9465],{"class":81},[67,162721,333],{"class":239},[67,162723,7860],{"class":243},[67,162725,333],{"class":239},[67,162727,1161],{"class":81},[67,162729,342],{"class":239},[67,162731,986],{"class":243},[67,162733,333],{"class":239},[67,162735,89],{"class":81},[67,162737,342],{"class":239},[67,162739,9486],{"class":243},[67,162741,333],{"class":239},[67,162743,1161],{"class":81},[67,162745,9493],{"class":85},[67,162747,89],{"class":81},[67,162749,342],{"class":239},[67,162751,10596],{"class":243},[67,162753,333],{"class":239},[67,162755,1161],{"class":81},[67,162757,342],{"class":239},[67,162759,16218],{"class":243},[67,162761,333],{"class":239},[67,162763,9496],{"class":81},[14,162765,162766,162767,114],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[45,162768,31271],{"href":31270},[1109,162770,162772],{"id":162771},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162774,162775],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[58,162777,162779],{"className":60,"code":162778,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[17,162780,162781,162805,162821,162825,162843,162847,162861],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,162782,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797,162799,162801,162803],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,162784,977],{"class":73},[67,162786,78],{"class":77},[67,162788,82],{"class":81},[67,162790,240],{"class":239},[67,162792,986],{"class":243},[67,162794,240],{"class":239},[67,162796,89],{"class":81},[67,162798,251],{"class":239},[67,162800,995],{"class":243},[67,162802,240],{"class":239},[67,162804,100],{"class":81},[67,162806,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817,162819],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,162808,5252],{"class":73},[67,162810,78],{"class":77},[67,162812,82],{"class":81},[67,162814,13688],{"class":85},[67,162816,89],{"class":81},[67,162818,13693],{"class":85},[67,162820,100],{"class":81},[67,162822,162823],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,162824,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,162826,162827,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,162828,9402],{"class":73},[67,162830,78],{"class":77},[67,162832,161556],{"class":134},[67,162834,138],{"class":81},[67,162836,1057],{"class":117},[67,162838,89],{"class":81},[67,162840,5299],{"class":117},[67,162842,144],{"class":81},[67,162844,162845],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,162846,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,162848,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857,162859],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,162850,135],{"class":134},[67,162852,138],{"class":81},[67,162854,363],{"class":362},[67,162856,138],{"class":81},[67,162858,9449],{"class":117},[67,162860,1426],{"class":81},[67,162862,162863,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,162864,135],{"class":134},[67,162866,138],{"class":81},[67,162868,363],{"class":362},[67,162870,138],{"class":81},[67,162872,9449],{"class":117},[67,162874,1426],{"class":81},[14,162876,159],{},[58,162878,162880],{"className":60,"code":162879,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[17,162881,162882,162912],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,162883,162884,162886,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,162885,21929],{"class":81},[67,162887,333],{"class":239},[67,162889,986],{"class":243},[67,162891,333],{"class":239},[67,162893,89],{"class":81},[67,162895,20086],{"class":85},[67,162897,9420],{"class":81},[67,162899,9423],{"class":81},[67,162901,333],{"class":239},[67,162903,995],{"class":243},[67,162905,333],{"class":239},[67,162907,89],{"class":81},[67,162909,13693],{"class":85},[67,162911,9436],{"class":81},[67,162913,162914],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,162915,38477],{"class":81},[14,162917,162918],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162920,162921,162922,114],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[45,162923,5325],{"href":5778},[53,162925,41225],{"id":41224},[14,162927,162928,162929,114],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[17,162930,64488],{},[1109,162932,162934],{"id":162933},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[58,162936,162938],{"className":60,"code":162937,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[17,162939,162940,162972,162992,162996,163020],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,162941,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958,162960,162962,162964,162966,162968,162970],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,162943,977],{"class":73},[67,162945,78],{"class":77},[67,162947,82],{"class":81},[67,162949,240],{"class":239},[67,162951,986],{"class":243},[67,162953,240],{"class":239},[67,162955,89],{"class":81},[67,162957,251],{"class":239},[67,162959,995],{"class":243},[67,162961,240],{"class":239},[67,162963,89],{"class":81},[67,162965,251],{"class":239},[67,162967,1004],{"class":243},[67,162969,240],{"class":239},[67,162971,100],{"class":81},[67,162973,162974,162976,162978,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,162975,5252],{"class":73},[67,162977,78],{"class":77},[67,162979,82],{"class":81},[67,162981,13688],{"class":85},[67,162983,89],{"class":81},[67,162985,13693],{"class":85},[67,162987,89],{"class":81},[67,162989,29107],{"class":85},[67,162991,100],{"class":81},[67,162993,162994],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,162995,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,162997,162998,163000,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,162999,6150],{"class":1167},[67,163001,36175],{"class":73},[67,163003,89],{"class":81},[67,163005,5294],{"class":73},[67,163007,4074],{"class":1167},[67,163009,161556],{"class":134},[67,163011,138],{"class":81},[67,163013,1057],{"class":117},[67,163015,89],{"class":81},[67,163017,5299],{"class":117},[67,163019,1407],{"class":81},[67,163021,163022,163024,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034,163036,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,163023,1228],{"class":134},[67,163025,138],{"class":81},[67,163027,22483],{"class":2254},[67,163029,240],{"class":243},[67,163031,9465],{"class":85},[67,163033,7860],{"class":117},[67,163035,22492],{"class":85},[67,163037,22495],{"class":243},[67,163039,9465],{"class":85},[67,163041,85501],{"class":117},[67,163043,22492],{"class":85},[67,163045,240],{"class":243},[67,163047,144],{"class":81},[1109,163049,163051],{"id":163050},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[58,163053,163055],{"className":60,"code":163054,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[17,163056,163057,163089,163113,163117,163139],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,163058,163059,163061,163063,163065,163067,163069,163071,163073,163075,163077,163079,163081,163083,163085,163087],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,163060,17430],{"class":73},[67,163062,78],{"class":77},[67,163064,82],{"class":81},[67,163066,240],{"class":239},[67,163068,12839],{"class":243},[67,163070,240],{"class":239},[67,163072,89],{"class":81},[67,163074,251],{"class":239},[67,163076,7860],{"class":243},[67,163078,240],{"class":239},[67,163080,89],{"class":81},[67,163082,251],{"class":239},[67,163084,16008],{"class":243},[67,163086,240],{"class":239},[67,163088,100],{"class":81},[67,163090,163091,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103,163105,163107,163109,163111],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,163092,4014],{"class":73},[67,163094,78],{"class":77},[67,163096,82],{"class":81},[67,163098,46770],{"class":85},[67,163100,89],{"class":81},[67,163102,251],{"class":239},[67,163104,986],{"class":243},[67,163106,240],{"class":239},[67,163108,89],{"class":81},[67,163110,4106],{"class":4043},[67,163112,100],{"class":81},[67,163114,163115],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,163116,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,163118,163119,163121,163123,163125,163127,163129,163131,163133,163135,163137],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,163120,9352],{"class":73},[67,163122,78],{"class":77},[67,163124,9357],{"class":362},[67,163126,138],{"class":81},[67,163128,64558],{"class":134},[67,163130,138],{"class":81},[67,163132,17111],{"class":117},[67,163134,89],{"class":81},[67,163136,4077],{"class":117},[67,163138,1426],{"class":81},[67,163140,163141,163143,163145,163147],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,163142,135],{"class":134},[67,163144,138],{"class":81},[67,163146,9391],{"class":117},[67,163148,144],{"class":81},[1109,163150,163152],{"id":163151},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[58,163154,163156],{"className":60,"code":163155,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[17,163157,163158,163178,163198,163202,163227],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,163159,163160,163162,163164,163166,163168,163170,163172,163174,163176],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,163161,80639],{"class":73},[67,163163,78],{"class":77},[67,163165,82],{"class":81},[67,163167,86],{"class":85},[67,163169,89],{"class":81},[67,163171,92],{"class":85},[67,163173,89],{"class":81},[67,163175,97],{"class":85},[67,163177,100],{"class":81},[67,163179,163180,163182,163184,163186,163188,163190,163192,163194,163196],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,163181,80660],{"class":73},[67,163183,78],{"class":77},[67,163185,82],{"class":81},[67,163187,86],{"class":85},[67,163189,89],{"class":81},[67,163191,9493],{"class":85},[67,163193,89],{"class":81},[67,163195,97],{"class":85},[67,163197,100],{"class":81},[67,163199,163200],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,163201,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,163203,163204,163206,163208,163210,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,163205,6150],{"class":1167},[67,163207,57056],{"class":73},[67,163209,89],{"class":81},[67,163211,163212],{"class":73}," b ",[67,163214,4074],{"class":1167},[67,163216,161556],{"class":134},[67,163218,138],{"class":81},[67,163220,111731],{"class":117},[67,163222,89],{"class":81},[67,163224,80703],{"class":117},[67,163226,1407],{"class":81},[67,163228,163229,163231,163233,163235,163237,163239],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,163230,1228],{"class":134},[67,163232,138],{"class":81},[67,163234,2744],{"class":117},[67,163236,4878],{"class":77},[67,163238,2749],{"class":117},[67,163240,144],{"class":81},[14,163242,159],{},[58,163244,163246],{"className":60,"code":163245,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[17,163247,163248,163252,163256],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,163249,163250],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,163251,4170],{"class":4043},[67,163253,163254],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,163255,4231],{"class":4043},[67,163257,163258],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,163259,4170],{"class":4043},[1109,163261,163263],{"id":163262},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[58,163265,163267],{"className":60,"code":163266,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[17,163268,163269,163304,163327,163331,163358],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,163270,163271,163274,163276,163278,163280,163282,163284,163286,163288,163291,163293,163295,163297,163300,163302],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,163272,163273],{"class":73},"products ",[67,163275,78],{"class":77},[67,163277,82],{"class":81},[67,163279,240],{"class":239},[67,163281,25329],{"class":243},[67,163283,240],{"class":239},[67,163285,89],{"class":81},[67,163287,251],{"class":239},[67,163289,163290],{"class":243},"Pen",[67,163292,240],{"class":239},[67,163294,89],{"class":81},[67,163296,251],{"class":239},[67,163298,163299],{"class":243},"Bag",[67,163301,240],{"class":239},[67,163303,100],{"class":81},[67,163305,163306,163308,163310,163312,163315,163317,163320,163322,163325],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,163307,83029],{"class":73},[67,163309,78],{"class":77},[67,163311,82],{"class":81},[67,163313,163314],{"class":85},"12.5",[67,163316,89],{"class":81},[67,163318,163319],{"class":85}," 1.2",[67,163321,89],{"class":81},[67,163323,163324],{"class":85}," 25.0",[67,163326,100],{"class":81},[67,163328,163329],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,163330,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,163332,163333,163335,163337,163339,163342,163344,163346,163348,163351,163353,163356],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,163334,6150],{"class":1167},[67,163336,25390],{"class":73},[67,163338,89],{"class":81},[67,163340,163341],{"class":73}," price ",[67,163343,4074],{"class":1167},[67,163345,161556],{"class":134},[67,163347,138],{"class":81},[67,163349,163350],{"class":117},"products",[67,163352,89],{"class":81},[67,163354,163355],{"class":117}," prices",[67,163357,1407],{"class":81},[67,163359,163360,163362,163364,163366,163368,163370,163372,163374,163377,163379,163381,163383,163385],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,163361,1228],{"class":134},[67,163363,138],{"class":81},[67,163365,22483],{"class":2254},[67,163367,240],{"class":243},[67,163369,9465],{"class":85},[67,163371,27197],{"class":117},[67,163373,22492],{"class":85},[67,163375,163376],{"class":243}," costs $",[67,163378,9465],{"class":85},[67,163380,25338],{"class":117},[67,163382,22492],{"class":85},[67,163384,240],{"class":243},[67,163386,144],{"class":81},[14,163388,36781,163389,114],{},[45,163390,163392],{"href":163391},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[53,163394,163396,163397],{"id":163395},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[17,163398,64488],{},[1109,163400,1930,163402,163404],{"id":163401},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[17,163403,64488],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163406,163407,163409],{},[17,163408,64488],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163411,163412],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[58,163414,163416],{"className":60,"code":163415,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[17,163417,163418],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,163419,163420,163422,163424,163426,163428,163430,163432,163434,163436,163438],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,163421,135],{"class":134},[67,163423,138],{"class":81},[67,163425,1964],{"class":134},[67,163427,138],{"class":81},[67,163429,111731],{"class":117},[67,163431,9420],{"class":81},[67,163433,1400],{"class":134},[67,163435,138],{"class":81},[67,163437,80926],{"class":117},[67,163439,1426],{"class":81},[1109,163441,163443],{"id":163442},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163445,69003],{},[58,163447,163449],{"className":60,"code":163448,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[17,163450,163451,163487,163491,163504,163514,163518,163530],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,163452,163453,163455,163457,163459,163461,163463,163465,163467,163469,163471,163473,163475,163477,163479,163481,163483,163485],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,163454,9402],{"class":73},[67,163456,78],{"class":77},[67,163458,161556],{"class":134},[67,163460,370],{"class":81},[67,163462,464],{"class":85},[67,163464,89],{"class":81},[67,163466,3182],{"class":85},[67,163468,18249],{"class":81},[67,163470,82],{"class":81},[67,163472,240],{"class":239},[67,163474,45],{"class":243},[67,163476,240],{"class":239},[67,163478,89],{"class":81},[67,163480,251],{"class":239},[67,163482,428],{"class":243},[67,163484,240],{"class":239},[67,163486,376],{"class":81},[67,163488,163489],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,163490,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,163492,163493,163495,163497,163499,163502],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,163494,6150],{"class":1167},[67,163496,6153],{"class":73},[67,163498,4074],{"class":1167},[67,163500,163501],{"class":73}," pairs",[67,163503,1223],{"class":81},[67,163505,163506,163508,163510,163512],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,163507,1228],{"class":134},[67,163509,138],{"class":81},[67,163511,479],{"class":117},[67,163513,144],{"class":81},[67,163515,163516],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,163517,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,163519,163520,163522,163524,163526,163528],{"class":69,"line":305},[67,163521,6150],{"class":1167},[67,163523,6153],{"class":73},[67,163525,4074],{"class":1167},[67,163527,163501],{"class":73},[67,163529,1223],{"class":81},[67,163531,163532,163534,163536,163538],{"class":69,"line":1435},[67,163533,1228],{"class":134},[67,163535,138],{"class":81},[67,163537,479],{"class":117},[67,163539,144],{"class":81},[14,163541,163542],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1109,163544,163546],{"id":163545},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163548,163549],{},"This is correct:",[58,163551,163553],{"className":60,"code":163552,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[17,163554,163555,163579,163595,163599,163623],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,163556,163557,163559,163561,163563,163565,163567,163569,163571,163573,163575,163577],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,163558,977],{"class":73},[67,163560,78],{"class":77},[67,163562,82],{"class":81},[67,163564,240],{"class":239},[67,163566,986],{"class":243},[67,163568,240],{"class":239},[67,163570,89],{"class":81},[67,163572,251],{"class":239},[67,163574,995],{"class":243},[67,163576,240],{"class":239},[67,163578,100],{"class":81},[67,163580,163581,163583,163585,163587,163589,163591,163593],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,163582,5252],{"class":73},[67,163584,78],{"class":77},[67,163586,82],{"class":81},[67,163588,13688],{"class":85},[67,163590,89],{"class":81},[67,163592,13693],{"class":85},[67,163594,100],{"class":81},[67,163596,163597],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,163598,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,163600,163601,163603,163605,163607,163609,163611,163613,163615,163617,163619,163621],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,163602,6150],{"class":1167},[67,163604,36175],{"class":73},[67,163606,89],{"class":81},[67,163608,5294],{"class":73},[67,163610,4074],{"class":1167},[67,163612,161556],{"class":134},[67,163614,138],{"class":81},[67,163616,1057],{"class":117},[67,163618,89],{"class":81},[67,163620,5299],{"class":117},[67,163622,1407],{"class":81},[67,163624,163625,163627,163629,163631,163633,163635],{"class":69,"line":147},[67,163626,1228],{"class":134},[67,163628,138],{"class":81},[67,163630,7860],{"class":117},[67,163632,89],{"class":81},[67,163634,130844],{"class":117},[67,163636,144],{"class":81},[14,163638,163639],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[58,163641,163643],{"className":60,"code":163642,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[17,163644,163645,163665],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,163646,163647,163649,163651,163653,163655,163657,163659,163661,163663],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,163648,6150],{"class":1167},[67,163650,6153],{"class":73},[67,163652,4074],{"class":1167},[67,163654,161556],{"class":134},[67,163656,138],{"class":81},[67,163658,1057],{"class":117},[67,163660,89],{"class":81},[67,163662,5299],{"class":117},[67,163664,1407],{"class":81},[67,163666,163667,163669,163671,163673],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,163668,1228],{"class":134},[67,163670,138],{"class":81},[67,163672,479],{"class":117},[67,163674,144],{"class":81},[14,163676,159],{},[58,163678,163680],{"className":60,"code":163679,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[17,163681,163682,163698],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,163683,163684,163686,163688,163690,163692,163694,163696],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,163685,138],{"class":81},[67,163687,333],{"class":239},[67,163689,986],{"class":243},[67,163691,333],{"class":239},[67,163693,89],{"class":81},[67,163695,20086],{"class":85},[67,163697,144],{"class":81},[67,163699,163700,163702,163704,163706,163708,163710,163712],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,163701,138],{"class":81},[67,163703,333],{"class":239},[67,163705,995],{"class":243},[67,163707,333],{"class":239},[67,163709,89],{"class":81},[67,163711,13693],{"class":85},[67,163713,144],{"class":81},[14,163715,163716],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1109,163718,8604,163720,163722,163723],{"id":163719},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[17,163721,64488],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[17,163724,35935],{},[14,163726,185,163727,163729],{},[17,163728,64488],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163731,185,163732,163734],{},[17,163733,35935],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[58,163736,163737],{"className":60,"code":36103,"language":62,"meta":63,"style":63},[17,163738,163739,163771,163775,163795],{"__ignoreMap":63},[67,163740,163741,163743,163745,163747,163749,163751,163753,163755,163757,163759,163761,163763,163765,163767,163769],{"class":69,"line":70},[67,163742,977],{"class":73},[67,163744,78],{"class":77},[67,163746,82],{"class":81},[67,163748,240],{"class":239},[67,163750,986],{"class":243},[67,163752,240],{"class":239},[67,163754,89],{"class":81},[67,163756,251],{"class":239},[67,163758,995],{"class":243},[67,163760,240],{"class":239},[67,163762,89],{"class":81},[67,163764,251],{"class":239},[67,163766,1004],{"class":243},[67,163768,240],{"class":239},[67,163770,100],{"class":81},[67,163772,163773],{"class":69,"line":103},[67,163774,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[67,163776,163777,163779,163781,163783,163785,163787,163789,163791,163793],{"class":69,"line":124},[67,163778,6150],{"class":1167},[67,163780,36007],{"class":73},[67,163782,89],{"class":81},[67,163784,36152],{"class":73},[67,163786,4074],{"class":1167},[67,163788,36017],{"class":134},[67,163790,138],{"class":81},[67,163792,1057],{"class":117},[67,163794,1407],{"class":81},[67,163796,163797,163799,163801,163803,163805,163807],{"class":69,"line":131},[67,163798,1228],{"class":134},[67,163800,138],{"class":81},[67,163802,373],{"class":117},[67,163804,89],{"class":81},[67,163806,36175],{"class":117},[67,163808,144],{"class":81},[14,163810,163811,163812,114],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[45,163813,3764,163814,3697],{"href":92004},[17,163815,35935],{},[53,163817,2045],{"id":2044},[1109,163819,5331,163821,5334],{"id":163820},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[17,163822,64488],{},[14,163824,163825],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1109,163827,12894,163829,163831],{"id":163828},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[17,163830,64488],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163833,163834],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1109,163836,163838,163839,2681],{"id":163837},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[17,163840,64488],{},[14,163842,163843,163844,114],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[17,163845,162451],{},[1109,163847,163849,163850,2681],{"id":163848},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[17,163851,64488],{},[14,163853,128209,163854,163856],{},[17,163855,162604],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1109,163858,163860],{"id":163859},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163862,163863],{},"A zip object is an iterator. 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