[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163800},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method":3,"nav-reference":1964},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1957,"extension":1958,"meta":1959,"navigation":241,"path":1960,"seo":1961,"stem":1962,"__hash__":1963},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1939},"minimark",[9,13,22,30,35,139,146,150,156,183,186,266,269,293,302,306,327,343,346,416,418,445,449,452,522,524,549,552,566,569,629,631,652,656,665,738,740,773,780,786,877,879,904,911,1006,1008,1032,1036,1042,1098,1100,1138,1141,1144,1245,1247,1280,1286,1293,1297,1306,1334,1339,1404,1406,1431,1435,1517,1519,1549,1554,1559,1566,1570,1578,1600,1604,1663,1665,1689,1699,1706,1710,1715,1749,1752,1834,1837,1851,1859,1863,1868,1871,1875,1881,1885,1894,1898,1906,1910,1935],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-list-remove-method",[14,15,16,17,21],"p",{},"The ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"list.remove()"," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,23,24,25,29],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[26,27,28],"strong",{},"value"," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[31,32,34],"h2",{"id":33},"quick-example","Quick example",[36,37,42],"pre",{"className":38,"code":39,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n","python","",[18,43,44,94,119,132],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46,49,53,57,61,65,69,71,74,77,80,82,84,86,89,91],"span",{"class":47,"line":48},"line",1,[45,50,52],{"class":51},"su5hD","items ",[45,54,56],{"class":55},"smGrS","=",[45,58,60],{"class":59},"sP7_E"," [",[45,62,64],{"class":63},"sjJ54","\"",[45,66,68],{"class":67},"s_sjI","apple",[45,70,64],{"class":63},[45,72,73],{"class":59},",",[45,75,76],{"class":63}," \"",[45,78,79],{"class":67},"banana",[45,81,64],{"class":63},[45,83,73],{"class":59},[45,85,76],{"class":63},[45,87,88],{"class":67},"orange",[45,90,64],{"class":63},[45,92,93],{"class":59},"]\n",[45,95,97,100,103,107,110,112,114,116],{"class":47,"line":96},2,[45,98,99],{"class":51},"items",[45,101,102],{"class":59},".",[45,104,106],{"class":105},"slqww","remove",[45,108,109],{"class":59},"(",[45,111,64],{"class":63},[45,113,79],{"class":67},[45,115,64],{"class":63},[45,117,118],{"class":59},")\n",[45,120,122,126,128,130],{"class":47,"line":121},3,[45,123,125],{"class":124},"sptTA","print",[45,127,109],{"class":59},[45,129,99],{"class":105},[45,131,118],{"class":59},[45,133,135],{"class":47,"line":134},4,[45,136,138],{"class":137},"sutJx","# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,140,141,142,145],{},"Use ",[18,143,144],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[31,147,149],{"id":148},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,151,152,155],{},[18,153,154],{},"remove()"," is a list method that:",[157,158,159,167,173,180],"ul",{},[160,161,162,163,166],"li",{},"Deletes the ",[26,164,165],{},"first"," item in the list that matches the value",[160,168,169,170],{},"Changes the original list ",[26,171,172],{},"in place",[160,174,175,176,179],{},"Does ",[26,177,178],{},"not"," return a new list",[160,181,182],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,184,185],{},"This is important for beginners:",[36,187,189],{"className":38,"code":188,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,190,191,216,237,243,254],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,192,193,196,198,200,204,206,209,211,214],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,194,195],{"class":51},"numbers ",[45,197,56],{"class":55},[45,199,60],{"class":59},[45,201,203],{"class":202},"srdBf","1",[45,205,73],{"class":59},[45,207,208],{"class":202}," 2",[45,210,73],{"class":59},[45,212,213],{"class":202}," 3",[45,215,93],{"class":59},[45,217,218,221,223,226,228,230,232,235],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,219,220],{"class":51},"result ",[45,222,56],{"class":55},[45,224,225],{"class":51}," numbers",[45,227,102],{"class":59},[45,229,106],{"class":105},[45,231,109],{"class":59},[45,233,234],{"class":202},"2",[45,236,118],{"class":59},[45,238,239],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,240,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},true,"\n",[45,244,245,247,249,252],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,246,125],{"class":124},[45,248,109],{"class":59},[45,250,251],{"class":105},"numbers",[45,253,118],{"class":59},[45,255,257,259,261,264],{"class":47,"line":256},5,[45,258,125],{"class":124},[45,260,109],{"class":59},[45,262,263],{"class":105},"result",[45,265,118],{"class":59},[14,267,268],{},"Output:",[36,270,272],{"className":38,"code":271,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[18,273,274,287],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,275,276,279,281,283,285],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,277,278],{"class":59},"[",[45,280,203],{"class":202},[45,282,73],{"class":59},[45,284,213],{"class":202},[45,286,93],{"class":59},[45,288,289],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,290,292],{"class":291},"s39Yj","None\n",[14,294,295,296,298,299,102],{},"The list changed, but ",[18,297,154],{}," itself returned ",[18,300,301],{},"None",[31,303,305],{"id":304},"syntax","Syntax",[36,307,309],{"className":38,"code":308,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list.remove(value)\n",[18,310,311],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,312,313,317,319,321,323,325],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,314,316],{"class":315},"sZMiF","list",[45,318,102],{"class":59},[45,320,106],{"class":105},[45,322,109],{"class":59},[45,324,28],{"class":105},[45,326,118],{"class":59},[157,328,329,334,337],{},[160,330,331,333],{},[18,332,28],{}," is the item you want to delete",[160,335,336],{},"Python searches from left to right",[160,338,339,340,342],{},"Only the ",[26,341,165],{}," matching value is removed",[14,344,345],{},"Example:",[36,347,349],{"className":38,"code":348,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,350,351,387,406],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,352,353,356,358,360,362,365,367,369,371,374,376,378,380,383,385],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,354,355],{"class":51},"letters ",[45,357,56],{"class":55},[45,359,60],{"class":59},[45,361,64],{"class":63},[45,363,364],{"class":67},"a",[45,366,64],{"class":63},[45,368,73],{"class":59},[45,370,76],{"class":63},[45,372,373],{"class":67},"b",[45,375,64],{"class":63},[45,377,73],{"class":59},[45,379,76],{"class":63},[45,381,382],{"class":67},"c",[45,384,64],{"class":63},[45,386,93],{"class":59},[45,388,389,392,394,396,398,400,402,404],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,390,391],{"class":51},"letters",[45,393,102],{"class":59},[45,395,106],{"class":105},[45,397,109],{"class":59},[45,399,64],{"class":63},[45,401,373],{"class":67},[45,403,64],{"class":63},[45,405,118],{"class":59},[45,407,408,410,412,414],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,409,125],{"class":124},[45,411,109],{"class":59},[45,413,391],{"class":105},[45,415,118],{"class":59},[14,417,268],{},[36,419,421],{"className":38,"code":420,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['a', 'c']\n",[18,422,423],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,424,425,427,430,432,434,436,439,441,443],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,426,278],{"class":59},[45,428,429],{"class":63},"'",[45,431,364],{"class":67},[45,433,429],{"class":63},[45,435,73],{"class":59},[45,437,438],{"class":63}," '",[45,440,382],{"class":67},[45,442,429],{"class":63},[45,444,93],{"class":59},[31,446,448],{"id":447},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,450,451],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[36,453,455],{"className":38,"code":454,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,456,457,493,512],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,458,459,462,464,466,468,471,473,475,477,480,482,484,486,489,491],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,460,461],{"class":51},"colors ",[45,463,56],{"class":55},[45,465,60],{"class":59},[45,467,64],{"class":63},[45,469,470],{"class":67},"red",[45,472,64],{"class":63},[45,474,73],{"class":59},[45,476,76],{"class":63},[45,478,479],{"class":67},"blue",[45,481,64],{"class":63},[45,483,73],{"class":59},[45,485,76],{"class":63},[45,487,488],{"class":67},"green",[45,490,64],{"class":63},[45,492,93],{"class":59},[45,494,495,498,500,502,504,506,508,510],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,496,497],{"class":51},"colors",[45,499,102],{"class":59},[45,501,106],{"class":105},[45,503,109],{"class":59},[45,505,64],{"class":63},[45,507,479],{"class":67},[45,509,64],{"class":63},[45,511,118],{"class":59},[45,513,514,516,518,520],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,515,125],{"class":124},[45,517,109],{"class":59},[45,519,497],{"class":105},[45,521,118],{"class":59},[14,523,268],{},[36,525,527],{"className":38,"code":526,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['red', 'green']\n",[18,528,529],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,530,531,533,535,537,539,541,543,545,547],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,532,278],{"class":59},[45,534,429],{"class":63},[45,536,470],{"class":67},[45,538,429],{"class":63},[45,540,73],{"class":59},[45,542,438],{"class":63},[45,544,488],{"class":67},[45,546,429],{"class":63},[45,548,93],{"class":59},[14,550,551],{},"What happens here:",[157,553,554,557,563],{},[160,555,556],{},"A list is created with three values",[160,558,559,562],{},[18,560,561],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[160,564,565],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,567,568],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[36,570,572],{"className":38,"code":571,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,573,574,603,619],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,575,576,579,581,583,586,588,591,593,596,598,601],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,577,578],{"class":51},"scores ",[45,580,56],{"class":55},[45,582,60],{"class":59},[45,584,585],{"class":202},"10",[45,587,73],{"class":59},[45,589,590],{"class":202}," 20",[45,592,73],{"class":59},[45,594,595],{"class":202}," 30",[45,597,73],{"class":59},[45,599,600],{"class":202}," 40",[45,602,93],{"class":59},[45,604,605,608,610,612,614,617],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,606,607],{"class":51},"scores",[45,609,102],{"class":59},[45,611,106],{"class":105},[45,613,109],{"class":59},[45,615,616],{"class":202},"30",[45,618,118],{"class":59},[45,620,621,623,625,627],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,622,125],{"class":124},[45,624,109],{"class":59},[45,626,607],{"class":105},[45,628,118],{"class":59},[14,630,268],{},[36,632,634],{"className":38,"code":633,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[18,635,636],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,637,638,640,642,644,646,648,650],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,639,278],{"class":59},[45,641,585],{"class":202},[45,643,73],{"class":59},[45,645,590],{"class":202},[45,647,73],{"class":59},[45,649,600],{"class":202},[45,651,93],{"class":59},[31,653,655],{"id":654},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,657,658,659,661,662,664],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[18,660,154],{}," deletes only the ",[26,663,165],{}," one.",[36,666,668],{"className":38,"code":667,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,669,670,710,728],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,671,672,674,676,678,680,682,684,686,688,690,692,694,696,698,700,702,704,706,708],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,673,52],{"class":51},[45,675,56],{"class":55},[45,677,60],{"class":59},[45,679,64],{"class":63},[45,681,68],{"class":67},[45,683,64],{"class":63},[45,685,73],{"class":59},[45,687,76],{"class":63},[45,689,79],{"class":67},[45,691,64],{"class":63},[45,693,73],{"class":59},[45,695,76],{"class":63},[45,697,68],{"class":67},[45,699,64],{"class":63},[45,701,73],{"class":59},[45,703,76],{"class":63},[45,705,88],{"class":67},[45,707,64],{"class":63},[45,709,93],{"class":59},[45,711,712,714,716,718,720,722,724,726],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,713,99],{"class":51},[45,715,102],{"class":59},[45,717,106],{"class":105},[45,719,109],{"class":59},[45,721,64],{"class":63},[45,723,68],{"class":67},[45,725,64],{"class":63},[45,727,118],{"class":59},[45,729,730,732,734,736],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,731,125],{"class":124},[45,733,109],{"class":59},[45,735,99],{"class":105},[45,737,118],{"class":59},[14,739,268],{},[36,741,743],{"className":38,"code":742,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[18,744,745],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,746,747,749,751,753,755,757,759,761,763,765,767,769,771],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,748,278],{"class":59},[45,750,429],{"class":63},[45,752,79],{"class":67},[45,754,429],{"class":63},[45,756,73],{"class":59},[45,758,438],{"class":63},[45,760,68],{"class":67},[45,762,429],{"class":63},[45,764,73],{"class":59},[45,766,438],{"class":63},[45,768,88],{"class":67},[45,770,429],{"class":63},[45,772,93],{"class":59},[14,774,775,776,779],{},"Only the first ",[18,777,778],{},"\"apple\""," was removed.",[14,781,782,783,785],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[18,784,154],{}," again:",[36,787,789],{"className":38,"code":788,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,790,791,831,849,867],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,792,793,795,797,799,801,803,805,807,809,811,813,815,817,819,821,823,825,827,829],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,794,52],{"class":51},[45,796,56],{"class":55},[45,798,60],{"class":59},[45,800,64],{"class":63},[45,802,68],{"class":67},[45,804,64],{"class":63},[45,806,73],{"class":59},[45,808,76],{"class":63},[45,810,79],{"class":67},[45,812,64],{"class":63},[45,814,73],{"class":59},[45,816,76],{"class":63},[45,818,68],{"class":67},[45,820,64],{"class":63},[45,822,73],{"class":59},[45,824,76],{"class":63},[45,826,88],{"class":67},[45,828,64],{"class":63},[45,830,93],{"class":59},[45,832,833,835,837,839,841,843,845,847],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,834,99],{"class":51},[45,836,102],{"class":59},[45,838,106],{"class":105},[45,840,109],{"class":59},[45,842,64],{"class":63},[45,844,68],{"class":67},[45,846,64],{"class":63},[45,848,118],{"class":59},[45,850,851,853,855,857,859,861,863,865],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,852,99],{"class":51},[45,854,102],{"class":59},[45,856,106],{"class":105},[45,858,109],{"class":59},[45,860,64],{"class":63},[45,862,68],{"class":67},[45,864,64],{"class":63},[45,866,118],{"class":59},[45,868,869,871,873,875],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,870,125],{"class":124},[45,872,109],{"class":59},[45,874,99],{"class":105},[45,876,118],{"class":59},[14,878,268],{},[36,880,882],{"className":38,"code":881,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[18,883,884],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,885,886,888,890,892,894,896,898,900,902],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,887,278],{"class":59},[45,889,429],{"class":63},[45,891,79],{"class":67},[45,893,429],{"class":63},[45,895,73],{"class":59},[45,897,438],{"class":63},[45,899,88],{"class":67},[45,901,429],{"class":63},[45,903,93],{"class":59},[14,905,906,907,910],{},"If you need to remove ",[26,908,909],{},"all"," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[36,912,914],{"className":38,"code":913,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[18,915,916,956,996],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,917,918,920,922,924,926,928,930,932,934,936,938,940,942,944,946,948,950,952,954],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,919,52],{"class":51},[45,921,56],{"class":55},[45,923,60],{"class":59},[45,925,64],{"class":63},[45,927,68],{"class":67},[45,929,64],{"class":63},[45,931,73],{"class":59},[45,933,76],{"class":63},[45,935,79],{"class":67},[45,937,64],{"class":63},[45,939,73],{"class":59},[45,941,76],{"class":63},[45,943,68],{"class":67},[45,945,64],{"class":63},[45,947,73],{"class":59},[45,949,76],{"class":63},[45,951,88],{"class":67},[45,953,64],{"class":63},[45,955,93],{"class":59},[45,957,958,960,962,964,967,971,974,977,980,983,985,988,990,992,994],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,959,52],{"class":51},[45,961,56],{"class":55},[45,963,60],{"class":59},[45,965,966],{"class":51},"item ",[45,968,970],{"class":969},"sVHd0","for",[45,972,973],{"class":51}," item ",[45,975,976],{"class":969},"in",[45,978,979],{"class":51}," items ",[45,981,982],{"class":969},"if",[45,984,973],{"class":51},[45,986,987],{"class":55},"!=",[45,989,76],{"class":63},[45,991,68],{"class":67},[45,993,64],{"class":63},[45,995,93],{"class":59},[45,997,998,1000,1002,1004],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,999,125],{"class":124},[45,1001,109],{"class":59},[45,1003,99],{"class":105},[45,1005,118],{"class":59},[14,1007,268],{},[36,1009,1010],{"className":38,"code":881,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,1011,1012],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1013,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024,1026,1028,1030],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1015,278],{"class":59},[45,1017,429],{"class":63},[45,1019,79],{"class":67},[45,1021,429],{"class":63},[45,1023,73],{"class":59},[45,1025,438],{"class":63},[45,1027,88],{"class":67},[45,1029,429],{"class":63},[45,1031,93],{"class":59},[31,1033,1035],{"id":1034},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,1037,1038,1039,102],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,1040,1041],{},"ValueError",[36,1043,1045],{"className":38,"code":1044,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,1046,1047,1079],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1048,1049,1051,1053,1055,1057,1059,1061,1063,1065,1067,1069,1071,1073,1075,1077],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1050,52],{"class":51},[45,1052,56],{"class":55},[45,1054,60],{"class":59},[45,1056,64],{"class":63},[45,1058,68],{"class":67},[45,1060,64],{"class":63},[45,1062,73],{"class":59},[45,1064,76],{"class":63},[45,1066,79],{"class":67},[45,1068,64],{"class":63},[45,1070,73],{"class":59},[45,1072,76],{"class":63},[45,1074,88],{"class":67},[45,1076,64],{"class":63},[45,1078,93],{"class":59},[45,1080,1081,1083,1085,1087,1089,1091,1094,1096],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,1082,99],{"class":51},[45,1084,102],{"class":59},[45,1086,106],{"class":105},[45,1088,109],{"class":59},[45,1090,64],{"class":63},[45,1092,1093],{"class":67},"grape",[45,1095,64],{"class":63},[45,1097,118],{"class":59},[14,1099,268],{},[36,1101,1103],{"className":38,"code":1102,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[18,1104,1105],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1106,1107,1109,1112,1115,1117,1119,1121,1124,1127,1130,1132,1135],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1108,1041],{"class":315},[45,1110,1111],{"class":59},":",[45,1113,1114],{"class":315}," list",[45,1116,102],{"class":59},[45,1118,106],{"class":105},[45,1120,109],{"class":59},[45,1122,1123],{"class":105},"x",[45,1125,1126],{"class":59},"):",[45,1128,1129],{"class":51}," x ",[45,1131,178],{"class":55},[45,1133,1134],{"class":55}," in",[45,1136,1137],{"class":315}," list\n",[14,1139,1140],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,1142,1143],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[36,1145,1147],{"className":38,"code":1146,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,1148,1149,1181,1195,1199,1214,1229,1234],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1150,1151,1153,1155,1157,1159,1161,1163,1165,1167,1169,1171,1173,1175,1177,1179],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1152,52],{"class":51},[45,1154,56],{"class":55},[45,1156,60],{"class":59},[45,1158,64],{"class":63},[45,1160,68],{"class":67},[45,1162,64],{"class":63},[45,1164,73],{"class":59},[45,1166,76],{"class":63},[45,1168,79],{"class":67},[45,1170,64],{"class":63},[45,1172,73],{"class":59},[45,1174,76],{"class":63},[45,1176,88],{"class":67},[45,1178,64],{"class":63},[45,1180,93],{"class":59},[45,1182,1183,1186,1188,1190,1192],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,1184,1185],{"class":51},"value ",[45,1187,56],{"class":55},[45,1189,76],{"class":63},[45,1191,1093],{"class":67},[45,1193,1194],{"class":63},"\"\n",[45,1196,1197],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1198,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,1200,1201,1203,1206,1208,1211],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,1202,982],{"class":969},[45,1204,1205],{"class":51}," value ",[45,1207,976],{"class":55},[45,1209,1210],{"class":51}," items",[45,1212,1213],{"class":59},":\n",[45,1215,1216,1219,1221,1223,1225,1227],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,1217,1218],{"class":51},"    items",[45,1220,102],{"class":59},[45,1222,106],{"class":105},[45,1224,109],{"class":59},[45,1226,28],{"class":105},[45,1228,118],{"class":59},[45,1230,1232],{"class":47,"line":1231},6,[45,1233,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,1235,1237,1239,1241,1243],{"class":47,"line":1236},7,[45,1238,125],{"class":124},[45,1240,109],{"class":59},[45,1242,99],{"class":105},[45,1244,118],{"class":59},[14,1246,268],{},[36,1248,1250],{"className":38,"code":1249,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,1251,1252],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1253,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266,1268,1270,1272,1274,1276,1278],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1255,278],{"class":59},[45,1257,429],{"class":63},[45,1259,68],{"class":67},[45,1261,429],{"class":63},[45,1263,73],{"class":59},[45,1265,438],{"class":63},[45,1267,79],{"class":67},[45,1269,429],{"class":63},[45,1271,73],{"class":59},[45,1273,438],{"class":63},[45,1275,88],{"class":67},[45,1277,429],{"class":63},[45,1279,93],{"class":59},[14,1281,1282,1283,1285],{},"This avoids the error because ",[18,1284,154],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,1287,1288,1289,102],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[364,1290,1292],{"href":1291},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[31,1294,1296],{"id":1295},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,1298,1299,1301,1302,1305],{},[18,1300,154],{}," and ",[18,1303,1304],{},"pop()"," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[157,1307,1308,1315,1322,1329],{},[160,1309,1310,1312,1313],{},[18,1311,154],{}," deletes by ",[26,1314,28],{},[160,1316,1317,1312,1319],{},[18,1318,1304],{},[26,1320,1321],{},"index",[160,1323,1324,1326,1327],{},[18,1325,154],{}," returns ",[18,1328,301],{},[160,1330,1331,1333],{},[18,1332,1304],{}," returns the removed item",[14,1335,1336,1337,1111],{},"Example with ",[18,1338,154],{},[36,1340,1342],{"className":38,"code":1341,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,1343,1344,1376,1394],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1345,1346,1348,1350,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368,1370,1372,1374],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1347,52],{"class":51},[45,1349,56],{"class":55},[45,1351,60],{"class":59},[45,1353,64],{"class":63},[45,1355,68],{"class":67},[45,1357,64],{"class":63},[45,1359,73],{"class":59},[45,1361,76],{"class":63},[45,1363,79],{"class":67},[45,1365,64],{"class":63},[45,1367,73],{"class":59},[45,1369,76],{"class":63},[45,1371,88],{"class":67},[45,1373,64],{"class":63},[45,1375,93],{"class":59},[45,1377,1378,1380,1382,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,1379,99],{"class":51},[45,1381,102],{"class":59},[45,1383,106],{"class":105},[45,1385,109],{"class":59},[45,1387,64],{"class":63},[45,1389,79],{"class":67},[45,1391,64],{"class":63},[45,1393,118],{"class":59},[45,1395,1396,1398,1400,1402],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1397,125],{"class":124},[45,1399,109],{"class":59},[45,1401,99],{"class":105},[45,1403,118],{"class":59},[14,1405,268],{},[36,1407,1409],{"className":38,"code":1408,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,1410,1411],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1412,1413,1415,1417,1419,1421,1423,1425,1427,1429],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1414,278],{"class":59},[45,1416,429],{"class":63},[45,1418,68],{"class":67},[45,1420,429],{"class":63},[45,1422,73],{"class":59},[45,1424,438],{"class":63},[45,1426,88],{"class":67},[45,1428,429],{"class":63},[45,1430,93],{"class":59},[14,1432,1336,1433,1111],{},[18,1434,1304],{},[36,1436,1438],{"className":38,"code":1437,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[18,1439,1440,1472,1492,1496,1506],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1441,1442,1444,1446,1448,1450,1452,1454,1456,1458,1460,1462,1464,1466,1468,1470],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1443,52],{"class":51},[45,1445,56],{"class":55},[45,1447,60],{"class":59},[45,1449,64],{"class":63},[45,1451,68],{"class":67},[45,1453,64],{"class":63},[45,1455,73],{"class":59},[45,1457,76],{"class":63},[45,1459,79],{"class":67},[45,1461,64],{"class":63},[45,1463,73],{"class":59},[45,1465,76],{"class":63},[45,1467,88],{"class":67},[45,1469,64],{"class":63},[45,1471,93],{"class":59},[45,1473,1474,1477,1479,1481,1483,1486,1488,1490],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,1475,1476],{"class":51},"removed_item ",[45,1478,56],{"class":55},[45,1480,1210],{"class":51},[45,1482,102],{"class":59},[45,1484,1485],{"class":105},"pop",[45,1487,109],{"class":59},[45,1489,203],{"class":202},[45,1491,118],{"class":59},[45,1493,1494],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1495,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,1497,1498,1500,1502,1504],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,1499,125],{"class":124},[45,1501,109],{"class":59},[45,1503,99],{"class":105},[45,1505,118],{"class":59},[45,1507,1508,1510,1512,1515],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,1509,125],{"class":124},[45,1511,109],{"class":59},[45,1513,1514],{"class":105},"removed_item",[45,1516,118],{"class":59},[14,1518,268],{},[36,1520,1522],{"className":38,"code":1521,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[18,1523,1524,1544],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1525,1526,1528,1530,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540,1542],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1527,278],{"class":59},[45,1529,429],{"class":63},[45,1531,68],{"class":67},[45,1533,429],{"class":63},[45,1535,73],{"class":59},[45,1537,438],{"class":63},[45,1539,88],{"class":67},[45,1541,429],{"class":63},[45,1543,93],{"class":59},[45,1545,1546],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,1547,1548],{"class":51},"banana\n",[14,1550,141,1551,1553],{},[18,1552,154],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,1555,141,1556,1558],{},[18,1557,1304],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,1560,1561,1562,102],{},"For more detail, see the ",[364,1563,1565],{"href":1564},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F","Python list pop() method",[31,1567,1569],{"id":1568},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,1571,1572,1301,1574,1577],{},[18,1573,154],{},[18,1575,1576],{},"del"," are also different.",[157,1579,1580,1585,1590,1595],{},[160,1581,1582,1584],{},[18,1583,154],{}," deletes by matching value",[160,1586,1587,1589],{},[18,1588,1576],{}," deletes by index or slice",[160,1591,141,1592,1594],{},[18,1593,1576],{}," when you know the position",[160,1596,141,1597,1599],{},[18,1598,154],{}," when you know the item value",[14,1601,1336,1602,1111],{},[18,1603,1576],{},[36,1605,1607],{"className":38,"code":1606,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[18,1608,1609,1641,1653],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1610,1611,1613,1615,1617,1619,1621,1623,1625,1627,1629,1631,1633,1635,1637,1639],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1612,52],{"class":51},[45,1614,56],{"class":55},[45,1616,60],{"class":59},[45,1618,64],{"class":63},[45,1620,68],{"class":67},[45,1622,64],{"class":63},[45,1624,73],{"class":59},[45,1626,76],{"class":63},[45,1628,79],{"class":67},[45,1630,64],{"class":63},[45,1632,73],{"class":59},[45,1634,76],{"class":63},[45,1636,88],{"class":67},[45,1638,64],{"class":63},[45,1640,93],{"class":59},[45,1642,1643,1645,1647,1649,1651],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,1644,1576],{"class":969},[45,1646,1210],{"class":51},[45,1648,278],{"class":59},[45,1650,203],{"class":202},[45,1652,93],{"class":59},[45,1654,1655,1657,1659,1661],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1656,125],{"class":124},[45,1658,109],{"class":59},[45,1660,99],{"class":105},[45,1662,118],{"class":59},[14,1664,268],{},[36,1666,1667],{"className":38,"code":1408,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,1668,1669],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1670,1671,1673,1675,1677,1679,1681,1683,1685,1687],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1672,278],{"class":59},[45,1674,429],{"class":63},[45,1676,68],{"class":67},[45,1678,429],{"class":63},[45,1680,73],{"class":59},[45,1682,438],{"class":63},[45,1684,88],{"class":67},[45,1686,429],{"class":63},[45,1688,93],{"class":59},[14,1690,1691,1692,1694,1695,1698],{},"This removed the item at index ",[18,1693,203],{},", not the value ",[18,1696,1697],{},"\"banana\""," directly.",[14,1700,1701,1702,102],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[364,1703,1705],{"href":1704},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python",[31,1707,1709],{"id":1708},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,1711,1712,1713,1111],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[18,1714,154],{},[157,1716,1717,1720,1726,1734,1746],{},[160,1718,1719],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[160,1721,1722,1723,1725],{},"Expecting ",[18,1724,154],{}," to delete all matching values",[160,1727,1728,1729,1731,1732],{},"Assigning the result of ",[18,1730,154],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[18,1733,301],{},[160,1735,1736,1737,1739,1740,1742,1743,1745],{},"Using ",[18,1738,154],{}," when ",[18,1741,1304],{}," or ",[18,1744,1576],{}," would be a better fit",[160,1747,1748],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,1750,1751],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[36,1753,1755],{"className":38,"code":1754,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[18,1756,1757,1768,1783,1803,1818],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1758,1759,1761,1763,1766],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1760,125],{"class":124},[45,1762,109],{"class":59},[45,1764,1765],{"class":105},"my_list",[45,1767,118],{"class":59},[45,1769,1770,1772,1774,1776,1778,1781],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,1771,125],{"class":124},[45,1773,109],{"class":59},[45,1775,1185],{"class":105},[45,1777,976],{"class":969},[45,1779,1780],{"class":105}," my_list",[45,1782,118],{"class":59},[45,1784,1785,1787,1789,1791,1793,1796,1798,1800],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1786,125],{"class":124},[45,1788,109],{"class":59},[45,1790,1765],{"class":105},[45,1792,102],{"class":59},[45,1794,1795],{"class":105},"count",[45,1797,109],{"class":59},[45,1799,28],{"class":105},[45,1801,1802],{"class":59},"))\n",[45,1804,1805,1807,1809,1812,1814,1816],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,1806,125],{"class":124},[45,1808,109],{"class":59},[45,1810,1811],{"class":315},"type",[45,1813,109],{"class":59},[45,1815,1765],{"class":105},[45,1817,1802],{"class":59},[45,1819,1820,1823,1825,1827,1829,1832],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,1821,1822],{"class":124},"help",[45,1824,109],{"class":59},[45,1826,316],{"class":315},[45,1828,102],{"class":59},[45,1830,106],{"class":1831},"skxfh",[45,1833,118],{"class":59},[14,1835,1836],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[157,1838,1839,1842,1845,1848],{},[160,1840,1841],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[160,1843,1844],{},"How many times does it appear?",[160,1846,1847],{},"Am I working with a list?",[160,1849,1850],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,1852,1853,1854,1858],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[364,1855,1857],{"href":1856},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F","Python list index() method"," may also help.",[31,1860,1862],{"id":1861},"faq","FAQ",[1864,1865,1867],"h3",{"id":1866},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,1869,1870],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1864,1872,1874],{"id":1873},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,1876,1877,1878,1880],{},"It returns ",[18,1879,301],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1864,1882,1884],{"id":1883},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,1886,1887,1888,1891,1892,102],{},"Check with ",[18,1889,1890],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[18,1893,154],{},[1864,1895,1897],{"id":1896},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,1899,141,1900,1902,1903,1905],{},[18,1901,154],{}," for a value and ",[18,1904,1304],{}," for an index.",[31,1907,1909],{"id":1908},"see-also","See also",[157,1911,1912,1917,1921,1925,1929],{},[160,1913,1914],{},[364,1915,1916],{"href":1704},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[160,1918,1919],{},[364,1920,1565],{"href":1564},[160,1922,1923],{},[364,1924,1857],{"href":1856},[160,1926,1927],{},[364,1928,1292],{"href":1291},[160,1930,1931],{},[364,1932,1934],{"href":1933},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1936,1937,1938],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":1940},[1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1956],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":148,"depth":96,"text":149},{"id":304,"depth":96,"text":305},{"id":447,"depth":96,"text":448},{"id":654,"depth":96,"text":655},{"id":1034,"depth":96,"text":1035},{"id":1295,"depth":96,"text":1296},{"id":1568,"depth":96,"text":1569},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":1951},[1952,1953,1954,1955],{"id":1866,"depth":121,"text":1867},{"id":1873,"depth":121,"text":1874},{"id":1883,"depth":121,"text":1884},{"id":1896,"depth":121,"text":1897},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":5,"description":1957},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",[1965,3561,5268,6960,9095,11299,12814,14989,17194,19652,21489,24052,26150,28430,30376,32286,34282,35721,37546,40071,42231,43460,44830,46477,48798,50642,52623,54317,55564,57258,59007,60979,62729,64829,66182,68133,69696,71684,73349,75249,77691,79769,82409,84438,86401,88589,90593,92906,94588,96033,97227,98405,100245,102685,104389,106404,107928,109173,110336,111718,113789,115686,117460,119326,121445,123185,124647,126241,128164,129841,131776,133265,136049,137626,139185,141213,143165,144628,145817,147703,149114,150810,152364,153786,155189,157087,159481,161312],{"id":1966,"title":1967,"body":1968,"description":3555,"extension":1958,"meta":3556,"navigation":241,"path":3557,"seo":3558,"stem":3559,"__hash__":3560},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1969,"toc":3527},[1970,1973,1979,1982,1993,1996,1998,2063,2065,2085,2090,2094,2099,2102,2118,2121,2147,2150,2154,2157,2172,2175,2202,2204,2262,2264,2279,2289,2300,2304,2307,2360,2362,2382,2385,2408,2415,2419,2424,2430,2432,2468,2470,2479,2486,2504,2507,2519,2523,2528,2532,2535,2556,2558,2616,2618,2626,2629,2633,2665,2667,2675,2678,2682,2687,2735,2737,2745,2749,2809,2811,2819,2822,2824,2828,2831,2854,2863,2878,2929,2931,2946,2957,2961,2964,2993,3000,3004,3009,3050,3052,3063,3066,3109,3111,3119,3123,3128,3150,3152,3161,3170,3174,3179,3201,3203,3273,3275,3325,3328,3331,3334,3413,3415,3446,3448,3452,3455,3459,3462,3466,3469,3473,3485,3489,3492,3494,3524],[10,1971,1967],{"id":1972},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,1974,16,1975,1978],{},[18,1976,1977],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1980,1981],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[157,1983,1984,1987,1990],{},[160,1985,1986],{},"a number without its negative sign",[160,1988,1989],{},"the distance between two numbers",[160,1991,1992],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,1994,1995],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[31,1997,34],{"id":33},[36,1999,2001],{"className":38,"code":2000,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[18,2002,2003,2022,2037],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2004,2005,2007,2009,2012,2014,2017,2020],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2006,125],{"class":124},[45,2008,109],{"class":59},[45,2010,2011],{"class":124},"abs",[45,2013,109],{"class":59},[45,2015,2016],{"class":55},"-",[45,2018,2019],{"class":202},"7",[45,2021,1802],{"class":59},[45,2023,2024,2026,2028,2030,2032,2035],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,2025,125],{"class":124},[45,2027,109],{"class":59},[45,2029,2011],{"class":124},[45,2031,109],{"class":59},[45,2033,2034],{"class":202},"3.5",[45,2036,1802],{"class":59},[45,2038,2039,2041,2043,2045,2047,2049,2051,2054,2057,2061],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2040,125],{"class":124},[45,2042,109],{"class":59},[45,2044,2011],{"class":124},[45,2046,109],{"class":59},[45,2048,2016],{"class":55},[45,2050,234],{"class":202},[45,2052,2053],{"class":55},"+",[45,2055,2056],{"class":202},"3",[45,2058,2060],{"class":2059},"sbsja","j",[45,2062,1802],{"class":59},[14,2064,268],{},[36,2066,2068],{"className":38,"code":2067,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[18,2069,2070,2075,2080],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2071,2072],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2073,2074],{"class":202},"7\n",[45,2076,2077],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,2078,2079],{"class":202},"3.5\n",[45,2081,2082],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2083,2084],{"class":202},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,2086,141,2087,2089],{},[18,2088,1977],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[31,2091,2093],{"id":2092},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,2095,2096,2098],{},[18,2097,1977],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2100,2101],{},"That means:",[157,2103,2104,2107,2110],{},[160,2105,2106],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[160,2108,2109],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[160,2111,2112,2115,2116],{},[18,2113,2114],{},"0"," stays ",[18,2117,2114],{},[14,2119,2120],{},"Examples:",[157,2122,2123,2132,2140],{},[160,2124,2125,2128,2129],{},[18,2126,2127],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[18,2130,2131],{},"5",[160,2133,2134,2128,2137],{},[18,2135,2136],{},"abs(9)",[18,2138,2139],{},"9",[160,2141,2142,2128,2145],{},[18,2143,2144],{},"abs(0)",[18,2146,2114],{},[14,2148,2149],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[31,2151,2153],{"id":2152},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,2155,2156],{},"The syntax is:",[36,2158,2160],{"className":38,"code":2159,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"abs(x)\n",[18,2161,2162],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2163,2164,2166,2168,2170],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2165,2011],{"class":124},[45,2167,109],{"class":59},[45,2169,1123],{"class":105},[45,2171,118],{"class":59},[14,2173,2174],{},"Here:",[157,2176,2177,2194,2199],{},[160,2178,2179,2181,2182,2185,2186,2189,2190,2193],{},[18,2180,1123],{}," is usually an ",[18,2183,2184],{},"int",", ",[18,2187,2188],{},"float",", or ",[18,2191,2192],{},"complex"," number",[160,2195,2196,2198],{},[18,2197,1977],{}," returns a new value",[160,2200,2201],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2203,345],{},[36,2205,2207],{"className":38,"code":2206,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[18,2208,2209,2222,2238,2242,2252],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2210,2211,2214,2216,2219],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2212,2213],{"class":51},"number ",[45,2215,56],{"class":55},[45,2217,2218],{"class":55}," -",[45,2220,2221],{"class":202},"12\n",[45,2223,2224,2226,2228,2231,2233,2236],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,2225,220],{"class":51},[45,2227,56],{"class":55},[45,2229,2230],{"class":124}," abs",[45,2232,109],{"class":59},[45,2234,2235],{"class":105},"number",[45,2237,118],{"class":59},[45,2239,2240],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2241,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,2243,2244,2246,2248,2250],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,2245,125],{"class":124},[45,2247,109],{"class":59},[45,2249,2235],{"class":105},[45,2251,118],{"class":59},[45,2253,2254,2256,2258,2260],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,2255,125],{"class":124},[45,2257,109],{"class":59},[45,2259,263],{"class":105},[45,2261,118],{"class":59},[14,2263,268],{},[36,2265,2267],{"className":38,"code":2266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"-12\n12\n",[18,2268,2269,2275],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2270,2271,2273],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2272,2016],{"class":55},[45,2274,2221],{"class":202},[45,2276,2277],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,2278,2221],{"class":202},[14,2280,2281,2282,2284,2285,2288],{},"Notice that ",[18,2283,2235],{}," is still ",[18,2286,2287],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2290,2291,2292,2299],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[364,2293,2295,2298],{"href":2294},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[18,2296,2297],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[31,2301,2303],{"id":2302},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2305,2306],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[36,2308,2310],{"className":38,"code":2309,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[18,2311,2312,2328,2343],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2313,2314,2316,2318,2320,2322,2324,2326],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2315,125],{"class":124},[45,2317,109],{"class":59},[45,2319,2011],{"class":124},[45,2321,109],{"class":59},[45,2323,2016],{"class":55},[45,2325,585],{"class":202},[45,2327,1802],{"class":59},[45,2329,2330,2332,2334,2336,2338,2341],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,2331,125],{"class":124},[45,2333,109],{"class":59},[45,2335,2011],{"class":124},[45,2337,109],{"class":59},[45,2339,2340],{"class":202},"8",[45,2342,1802],{"class":59},[45,2344,2345,2347,2349,2351,2353,2355,2358],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2346,125],{"class":124},[45,2348,109],{"class":59},[45,2350,2011],{"class":124},[45,2352,109],{"class":59},[45,2354,2016],{"class":55},[45,2356,2357],{"class":202},"4.2",[45,2359,1802],{"class":59},[14,2361,268],{},[36,2363,2365],{"className":38,"code":2364,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[18,2366,2367,2372,2377],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2368,2369],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2370,2371],{"class":202},"10\n",[45,2373,2374],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,2375,2376],{"class":202},"8\n",[45,2378,2379],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2380,2381],{"class":202},"4.2\n",[14,2383,2384],{},"What each line does:",[157,2386,2387,2394,2401],{},[160,2388,2389,1326,2392],{},[18,2390,2391],{},"abs(-10)",[18,2393,585],{},[160,2395,2396,1326,2399],{},[18,2397,2398],{},"abs(8)",[18,2400,2340],{},[160,2402,2403,1326,2406],{},[18,2404,2405],{},"abs(-4.2)",[18,2407,2357],{},[14,2409,2410,2411,102],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[364,2412,2414],{"href":2413},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[31,2416,2418],{"id":2417},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2420,2421,2423],{},[18,2422,1977],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2425,2426,2427,2429],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[18,2428,2114],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2431,345],{},[36,2433,2435],{"className":38,"code":2434,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[18,2436,2437,2454],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2438,2439,2441,2443,2445,2448,2451],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2440,1185],{"class":51},[45,2442,56],{"class":55},[45,2444,213],{"class":202},[45,2446,2447],{"class":55}," +",[45,2449,2450],{"class":202}," 4",[45,2452,2453],{"class":2059},"j\n",[45,2455,2456,2458,2460,2462,2464,2466],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,2457,125],{"class":124},[45,2459,109],{"class":59},[45,2461,2011],{"class":124},[45,2463,109],{"class":59},[45,2465,28],{"class":105},[45,2467,1802],{"class":59},[14,2469,268],{},[36,2471,2473],{"className":38,"code":2472,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5.0\n",[18,2474,2475],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2476,2477],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2478,2472],{"class":202},[14,2480,2481,2482,2485],{},"Why ",[18,2483,2484],{},"5.0","?",[157,2487,2488,2493,2499],{},[160,2489,2490,2491],{},"the real part is ",[18,2492,2056],{},[160,2494,2495,2496],{},"the imaginary part is ",[18,2497,2498],{},"4",[160,2500,2501,2502],{},"the magnitude is ",[18,2503,2484],{},[14,2505,2506],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[157,2508,2509,2516],{},[160,2510,2511,2513,2514],{},[18,2512,1977],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[18,2515,2188],{},[160,2517,2518],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[31,2520,2522],{"id":2521},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2524,2525,2526,102],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[18,2527,1977],{},[1864,2529,2531],{"id":2530},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2533,2534],{},"A very common pattern is:",[36,2536,2538],{"className":38,"code":2537,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"abs(a - b)\n",[18,2539,2540],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2541,2542,2544,2546,2549,2551,2554],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2543,2011],{"class":124},[45,2545,109],{"class":59},[45,2547,2548],{"class":105},"a ",[45,2550,2016],{"class":55},[45,2552,2553],{"class":105}," b",[45,2555,118],{"class":59},[14,2557,345],{},[36,2559,2561],{"className":38,"code":2560,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[18,2562,2563,2572,2582,2586,2605],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2564,2565,2567,2569],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2566,2548],{"class":51},[45,2568,56],{"class":55},[45,2570,2571],{"class":202}," 3\n",[45,2573,2574,2577,2579],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,2575,2576],{"class":51},"b ",[45,2578,56],{"class":55},[45,2580,2581],{"class":202}," 10\n",[45,2583,2584],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2585,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,2587,2588,2591,2593,2595,2597,2599,2601,2603],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,2589,2590],{"class":51},"distance ",[45,2592,56],{"class":55},[45,2594,2230],{"class":124},[45,2596,109],{"class":59},[45,2598,2548],{"class":105},[45,2600,2016],{"class":55},[45,2602,2553],{"class":105},[45,2604,118],{"class":59},[45,2606,2607,2609,2611,2614],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,2608,125],{"class":124},[45,2610,109],{"class":59},[45,2612,2613],{"class":105},"distance",[45,2615,118],{"class":59},[14,2617,268],{},[36,2619,2620],{"className":38,"code":2074,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,2621,2622],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2623,2624],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2625,2074],{"class":202},[14,2627,2628],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1864,2630,2632],{"id":2631},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[36,2634,2636],{"className":38,"code":2635,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[18,2637,2638,2650],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2639,2640,2643,2645,2647],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2641,2642],{"class":51},"temperature_change ",[45,2644,56],{"class":55},[45,2646,2218],{"class":55},[45,2648,2649],{"class":202},"6\n",[45,2651,2652,2654,2656,2658,2660,2663],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,2653,125],{"class":124},[45,2655,109],{"class":59},[45,2657,2011],{"class":124},[45,2659,109],{"class":59},[45,2661,2662],{"class":105},"temperature_change",[45,2664,1802],{"class":59},[14,2666,268],{},[36,2668,2669],{"className":38,"code":2649,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,2670,2671],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2672,2673],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2674,2649],{"class":202},[14,2676,2677],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1864,2679,2681],{"id":2680},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,2683,2684,2685,2299],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[18,2686,1977],{},[36,2688,2690],{"className":38,"code":2689,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[18,2691,2692,2704,2720,2724],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2693,2694,2697,2699,2701],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2695,2696],{"class":51},"balance_change ",[45,2698,56],{"class":55},[45,2700,2218],{"class":55},[45,2702,2703],{"class":202},"25\n",[45,2705,2706,2709,2711,2713,2715,2718],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,2707,2708],{"class":51},"safe_value ",[45,2710,56],{"class":55},[45,2712,2230],{"class":124},[45,2714,109],{"class":59},[45,2716,2717],{"class":105},"balance_change",[45,2719,118],{"class":59},[45,2721,2722],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2723,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,2725,2726,2728,2730,2733],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,2727,125],{"class":124},[45,2729,109],{"class":59},[45,2731,2732],{"class":105},"safe_value",[45,2734,118],{"class":59},[14,2736,268],{},[36,2738,2739],{"className":38,"code":2703,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,2740,2741],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2742,2743],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2744,2703],{"class":202},[1864,2746,2748],{"id":2747},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[36,2750,2752],{"className":38,"code":2751,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[18,2753,2754,2764,2774,2778,2798],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2755,2756,2759,2761],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2757,2758],{"class":51},"guess ",[45,2760,56],{"class":55},[45,2762,2763],{"class":202}," 42\n",[45,2765,2766,2769,2771],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,2767,2768],{"class":51},"target ",[45,2770,56],{"class":55},[45,2772,2773],{"class":202}," 50\n",[45,2775,2776],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2777,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,2779,2780,2783,2785,2787,2789,2791,2793,2796],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,2781,2782],{"class":51},"difference ",[45,2784,56],{"class":55},[45,2786,2230],{"class":124},[45,2788,109],{"class":59},[45,2790,2758],{"class":105},[45,2792,2016],{"class":55},[45,2794,2795],{"class":105}," target",[45,2797,118],{"class":59},[45,2799,2800,2802,2804,2807],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,2801,125],{"class":124},[45,2803,109],{"class":59},[45,2805,2806],{"class":105},"difference",[45,2808,118],{"class":59},[14,2810,268],{},[36,2812,2813],{"className":38,"code":2376,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,2814,2815],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2816,2817],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2818,2376],{"class":202},[14,2820,2821],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[31,2823,1709],{"id":1708},[1864,2825,2827],{"id":2826},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,2829,2830],{},"This causes an error:",[36,2832,2834],{"className":38,"code":2833,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[18,2835,2836],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2837,2838,2840,2842,2844,2846,2848,2850,2852],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2839,125],{"class":124},[45,2841,109],{"class":59},[45,2843,2011],{"class":124},[45,2845,109],{"class":59},[45,2847,64],{"class":63},[45,2849,2131],{"class":67},[45,2851,64],{"class":63},[45,2853,1802],{"class":59},[14,2855,2856,2859,2860,2862],{},[18,2857,2858],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[18,2861,1977],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,2864,2865,2866,1742,2872,1111],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[364,2867,2869],{"href":2868},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[18,2870,2871],{},"int()",[364,2873,2875],{"href":2874},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[18,2876,2877],{},"float()",[36,2879,2881],{"className":38,"code":2880,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[18,2882,2883,2906],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2884,2885,2887,2889,2891,2893,2895,2897,2899,2901,2903],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2886,125],{"class":124},[45,2888,109],{"class":59},[45,2890,2011],{"class":124},[45,2892,109],{"class":59},[45,2894,2184],{"class":315},[45,2896,109],{"class":59},[45,2898,64],{"class":63},[45,2900,2131],{"class":67},[45,2902,64],{"class":63},[45,2904,2905],{"class":59},")))\n",[45,2907,2908,2910,2912,2914,2916,2918,2920,2922,2925,2927],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,2909,125],{"class":124},[45,2911,109],{"class":59},[45,2913,2011],{"class":124},[45,2915,109],{"class":59},[45,2917,2188],{"class":315},[45,2919,109],{"class":59},[45,2921,64],{"class":63},[45,2923,2924],{"class":67},"-3.2",[45,2926,64],{"class":63},[45,2928,2905],{"class":59},[14,2930,268],{},[36,2932,2934],{"className":38,"code":2933,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5\n3.2\n",[18,2935,2936,2941],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2937,2938],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2939,2940],{"class":202},"5\n",[45,2942,2943],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,2944,2945],{"class":202},"3.2\n",[14,2947,2948,2949,2952,2953,102],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[18,2950,2951],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[364,2954,2956],{"href":2955},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1864,2958,2960],{"id":2959},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,2962,2963],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[36,2965,2967],{"className":38,"code":2966,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,2968,2969],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2970,2971,2973,2975,2977,2980,2982,2984,2986,2988,2990],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2972,125],{"class":124},[45,2974,109],{"class":59},[45,2976,2011],{"class":124},[45,2978,2979],{"class":59},"([",[45,2981,203],{"class":202},[45,2983,73],{"class":59},[45,2985,208],{"class":202},[45,2987,73],{"class":59},[45,2989,213],{"class":202},[45,2991,2992],{"class":59},"]))\n",[14,2994,2995,2996,2999],{},"This raises a ",[18,2997,2998],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1864,3001,3003],{"id":3002},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,3005,3006,3008],{},[18,3007,1977],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[36,3010,3012],{"className":38,"code":3011,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,3013,3014,3026,3036,3040],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3015,3016,3019,3021,3023],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3017,3018],{"class":51},"x ",[45,3020,56],{"class":55},[45,3022,2218],{"class":55},[45,3024,3025],{"class":202},"9\n",[45,3027,3028,3030,3032,3034],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,3029,2011],{"class":124},[45,3031,109],{"class":59},[45,3033,1123],{"class":105},[45,3035,118],{"class":59},[45,3037,3038],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3039,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,3041,3042,3044,3046,3048],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,3043,125],{"class":124},[45,3045,109],{"class":59},[45,3047,1123],{"class":105},[45,3049,118],{"class":59},[14,3051,268],{},[36,3053,3055],{"className":38,"code":3054,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"-9\n",[18,3056,3057],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3058,3059,3061],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3060,2016],{"class":55},[45,3062,3025],{"class":202},[14,3064,3065],{},"If you want to store the result:",[36,3067,3069],{"className":38,"code":3068,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,3070,3071,3081,3095,3099],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3072,3073,3075,3077,3079],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3074,3018],{"class":51},[45,3076,56],{"class":55},[45,3078,2218],{"class":55},[45,3080,3025],{"class":202},[45,3082,3083,3085,3087,3089,3091,3093],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,3084,3018],{"class":51},[45,3086,56],{"class":55},[45,3088,2230],{"class":124},[45,3090,109],{"class":59},[45,3092,1123],{"class":105},[45,3094,118],{"class":59},[45,3096,3097],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3098,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,3100,3101,3103,3105,3107],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,3102,125],{"class":124},[45,3104,109],{"class":59},[45,3106,1123],{"class":105},[45,3108,118],{"class":59},[14,3110,268],{},[36,3112,3113],{"className":38,"code":3025,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,3114,3115],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3116,3117],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3118,3025],{"class":202},[1864,3120,3122],{"id":3121},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3124,3125,3127],{},[18,3126,1977],{}," does not round numbers.",[36,3129,3131],{"className":38,"code":3130,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[18,3132,3133],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3134,3135,3137,3139,3141,3143,3145,3148],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3136,125],{"class":124},[45,3138,109],{"class":59},[45,3140,2011],{"class":124},[45,3142,109],{"class":59},[45,3144,2016],{"class":55},[45,3146,3147],{"class":202},"4.7",[45,3149,1802],{"class":59},[14,3151,268],{},[36,3153,3155],{"className":38,"code":3154,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"4.7\n",[18,3156,3157],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3158,3159],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3160,3154],{"class":202},[14,3162,3163,3164,3166,3167,3169],{},"If you expected ",[18,3165,2131],{},", that is a different operation. ",[18,3168,1977],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[31,3171,3173],{"id":3172},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3175,3176,3178],{},[18,3177,1977],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[157,3180,3181,3188,3195],{},[160,3182,3183,3185,3186],{},[18,3184,2184],{}," input → returns an ",[18,3187,2184],{},[160,3189,3190,3192,3193],{},[18,3191,2188],{}," input → returns a ",[18,3194,2188],{},[160,3196,3197,3192,3199],{},[18,3198,2192],{},[18,3200,2188],{},[14,3202,345],{},[36,3204,3206],{"className":38,"code":3205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[18,3207,3208,3228,3249],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3209,3210,3212,3214,3216,3218,3220,3222,3224,3226],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3211,125],{"class":124},[45,3213,109],{"class":59},[45,3215,1811],{"class":315},[45,3217,109],{"class":59},[45,3219,2011],{"class":124},[45,3221,109],{"class":59},[45,3223,2016],{"class":55},[45,3225,2131],{"class":202},[45,3227,2905],{"class":59},[45,3229,3230,3232,3234,3236,3238,3240,3242,3244,3247],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,3231,125],{"class":124},[45,3233,109],{"class":59},[45,3235,1811],{"class":315},[45,3237,109],{"class":59},[45,3239,2011],{"class":124},[45,3241,109],{"class":59},[45,3243,2016],{"class":55},[45,3245,3246],{"class":202},"3.2",[45,3248,2905],{"class":59},[45,3250,3251,3253,3255,3257,3259,3261,3263,3265,3267,3269,3271],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3252,125],{"class":124},[45,3254,109],{"class":59},[45,3256,1811],{"class":315},[45,3258,109],{"class":59},[45,3260,2011],{"class":124},[45,3262,109],{"class":59},[45,3264,2056],{"class":202},[45,3266,2447],{"class":55},[45,3268,2450],{"class":202},[45,3270,2060],{"class":2059},[45,3272,2905],{"class":59},[14,3274,268],{},[36,3276,3278],{"className":38,"code":3277,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,3279,3280,3297,3311],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3281,3282,3285,3288,3290,3292,3294],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3283,3284],{"class":55},"\u003C",[45,3286,3287],{"class":2059},"class",[45,3289,438],{"class":63},[45,3291,2184],{"class":67},[45,3293,429],{"class":63},[45,3295,3296],{"class":55},">\n",[45,3298,3299,3301,3303,3305,3307,3309],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,3300,3284],{"class":55},[45,3302,3287],{"class":2059},[45,3304,438],{"class":63},[45,3306,2188],{"class":67},[45,3308,429],{"class":63},[45,3310,3296],{"class":55},[45,3312,3313,3315,3317,3319,3321,3323],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3314,3284],{"class":55},[45,3316,3287],{"class":2059},[45,3318,438],{"class":63},[45,3320,2188],{"class":67},[45,3322,429],{"class":63},[45,3324,3296],{"class":55},[14,3326,3327],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3329,3330],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3332,3333],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[36,3335,3337],{"className":38,"code":3336,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[18,3338,3339,3352,3362,3376,3380,3394],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3340,3341,3343,3345,3347,3350],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3342,1185],{"class":51},[45,3344,56],{"class":55},[45,3346,76],{"class":63},[45,3348,3349],{"class":67},"-5",[45,3351,1194],{"class":63},[45,3353,3354,3356,3358,3360],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,3355,125],{"class":124},[45,3357,109],{"class":59},[45,3359,28],{"class":105},[45,3361,118],{"class":59},[45,3363,3364,3366,3368,3370,3372,3374],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3365,125],{"class":124},[45,3367,109],{"class":59},[45,3369,1811],{"class":315},[45,3371,109],{"class":59},[45,3373,28],{"class":105},[45,3375,1802],{"class":59},[45,3377,3378],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,3379,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,3381,3382,3385,3387,3389,3392],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,3383,3384],{"class":51},"user_input ",[45,3386,56],{"class":55},[45,3388,76],{"class":63},[45,3390,3391],{"class":67},"-3.7",[45,3393,1194],{"class":63},[45,3395,3396,3398,3400,3402,3404,3406,3408,3411],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,3397,125],{"class":124},[45,3399,109],{"class":59},[45,3401,2011],{"class":124},[45,3403,109],{"class":59},[45,3405,2188],{"class":315},[45,3407,109],{"class":59},[45,3409,3410],{"class":105},"user_input",[45,3412,2905],{"class":59},[14,3414,268],{},[36,3416,3418],{"className":38,"code":3417,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[18,3419,3420,3426,3441],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3421,3422,3424],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3423,2016],{"class":55},[45,3425,2940],{"class":202},[45,3427,3428,3430,3432,3434,3437,3439],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,3429,3284],{"class":55},[45,3431,3287],{"class":2059},[45,3433,438],{"class":63},[45,3435,3436],{"class":67},"str",[45,3438,429],{"class":63},[45,3440,3296],{"class":55},[45,3442,3443],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3444,3445],{"class":202},"3.7\n",[31,3447,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,3449,3451],{"id":3450},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3453,3454],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1864,3456,3458],{"id":3457},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3460,3461],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1864,3463,3465],{"id":3464},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3467,3468],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1864,3470,3472],{"id":3471},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3474,3475,3477,3478,1742,3480,3482,3483,102],{},[18,3476,2951],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[18,3479,2871],{},[18,3481,2877],{}," before using ",[18,3484,1977],{},[1864,3486,3488],{"id":3487},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3490,3491],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[31,3493,1909],{"id":1908},[157,3495,3496,3503,3509,3515,3520],{},[160,3497,3498],{},[364,3499,3500,3502],{"href":2868},[18,3501,2871],{}," function explained",[160,3504,3505],{},[364,3506,3507,3502],{"href":2874},[18,3508,2877],{},[160,3510,3511],{},[364,3512,3513,3502],{"href":2294},[18,3514,2297],{},[160,3516,3517],{},[364,3518,3519],{"href":2955},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[160,3521,3522],{},[364,3523,2414],{"href":2413},[1936,3525,3526],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":3528},[3529,3530,3531,3532,3533,3534,3540,3546,3547,3554],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":2092,"depth":96,"text":2093},{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":2302,"depth":96,"text":2303},{"id":2417,"depth":96,"text":2418},{"id":2521,"depth":96,"text":2522,"children":3535},[3536,3537,3538,3539],{"id":2530,"depth":121,"text":2531},{"id":2631,"depth":121,"text":2632},{"id":2680,"depth":121,"text":2681},{"id":2747,"depth":121,"text":2748},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":3541},[3542,3543,3544,3545],{"id":2826,"depth":121,"text":2827},{"id":2959,"depth":121,"text":2960},{"id":3002,"depth":121,"text":3003},{"id":3121,"depth":121,"text":3122},{"id":3172,"depth":96,"text":3173},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":3548},[3549,3550,3551,3552,3553],{"id":3450,"depth":121,"text":3451},{"id":3457,"depth":121,"text":3458},{"id":3464,"depth":121,"text":3465},{"id":3471,"depth":121,"text":3472},{"id":3487,"depth":121,"text":3488},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1967,"description":3555},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3562,"title":3563,"body":3564,"description":5262,"extension":1958,"meta":5263,"navigation":241,"path":5264,"seo":5265,"stem":5266,"__hash__":5267},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3565,"toc":5226},[3566,3574,3580,3583,3600,3604,3658,3668,3675,3679,3698,3701,3717,3720,3724,3732,3749,3752,3791,3794,3801,3807,3881,3883,3914,3920,3924,3928,3967,3969,3978,3985,3989,4028,4030,4039,4049,4053,4107,4109,4117,4120,4123,4170,4172,4180,4186,4193,4198,4201,4204,4270,4272,4280,4283,4350,4352,4360,4374,4377,4388,4392,4398,4401,4403,4419,4421,4429,4432,4435,4438,4455,4458,4461,4491,4493,4506,4510,4514,4517,4532,4537,4540,4567,4574,4577,4617,4623,4629,4637,4640,4692,4699,4763,4768,4777,4780,4798,4804,4807,4949,4955,4960,4963,4974,4977,5033,5035,5043,5046,5104,5106,5114,5117,5128,5130,5137,5145,5154,5157,5164,5167,5176,5189,5191,5223],[10,3567,3569,3570,3573],{"id":3568},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[18,3571,3572],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3575,3576,3577,3579],{},"Python’s ",[18,3578,3572],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3581,3582],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[157,3584,3585,3588,3591],{},[160,3586,3587],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[160,3589,3590],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[160,3592,3593,1326,3596,3599],{},[18,3594,3595],{},"all([])",[18,3597,3598],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[31,3601,3603],{"id":3602},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[36,3605,3607],{"className":38,"code":3606,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[18,3608,3609,3629,3644],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3610,3611,3613,3615,3617,3619,3621,3623,3625,3627],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3612,195],{"class":51},[45,3614,56],{"class":55},[45,3616,60],{"class":59},[45,3618,203],{"class":202},[45,3620,73],{"class":59},[45,3622,208],{"class":202},[45,3624,73],{"class":59},[45,3626,213],{"class":202},[45,3628,93],{"class":59},[45,3630,3631,3633,3635,3638,3640,3642],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,3632,220],{"class":51},[45,3634,56],{"class":55},[45,3636,3637],{"class":124}," all",[45,3639,109],{"class":59},[45,3641,251],{"class":105},[45,3643,118],{"class":59},[45,3645,3646,3648,3650,3652,3655],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3647,125],{"class":124},[45,3649,109],{"class":59},[45,3651,263],{"class":105},[45,3653,3654],{"class":59},")",[45,3656,3657],{"class":137},"  # True\n",[14,3659,3660,1326,3662,3664,3665,102],{},[18,3661,3572],{},[18,3663,3598],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[18,3666,3667],{},"False",[31,3669,3671,3672,3674],{"id":3670},"what-all-does","What ",[18,3673,3572],{}," does",[14,3676,3677,1111],{},[18,3678,3572],{},[157,3680,3681,3684,3690,3695],{},[160,3682,3683],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[160,3685,3686,3687,3689],{},"returns ",[18,3688,3598],{}," if all items are truthy",[160,3691,3686,3692,3694],{},[18,3693,3667],{}," if any item is falsy",[160,3696,3697],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3699,3700],{},"Basic syntax:",[36,3702,3704],{"className":38,"code":3703,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"all(iterable)\n",[18,3705,3706],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3707,3708,3710,3712,3715],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3709,909],{"class":124},[45,3711,109],{"class":59},[45,3713,3714],{"class":105},"iterable",[45,3716,118],{"class":59},[14,3718,3719],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[31,3721,3723],{"id":3722},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,3725,3726,3727,1742,3729,3731],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[18,3728,3598],{},[18,3730,3667],{}," in conditions.",[157,3733,3734,3742],{},[160,3735,3736,3739,3740],{},[26,3737,3738],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[18,3741,3598],{},[160,3743,3744,3739,3747],{},[26,3745,3746],{},"Falsy",[18,3748,3667],{},[14,3750,3751],{},"Common falsy values include:",[157,3753,3754,3758,3763,3768,3772,3776,3781,3786],{},[160,3755,3756],{},[18,3757,2114],{},[160,3759,3760],{},[18,3761,3762],{},"0.0",[160,3764,3765],{},[18,3766,3767],{},"''",[160,3769,3770],{},[18,3771,301],{},[160,3773,3774],{},[18,3775,3667],{},[160,3777,3778],{},[18,3779,3780],{},"[]",[160,3782,3783],{},[18,3784,3785],{},"{}",[160,3787,3788],{},[18,3789,3790],{},"set()",[14,3792,3793],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,3795,3796,3797,102],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[364,3798,3800],{"href":3799},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,3802,3803,3804,1111],{},"You can test this with ",[18,3805,3806],{},"bool()",[36,3808,3810],{"className":38,"code":3809,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[18,3811,3812,3849,3853],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3813,3814,3817,3819,3821,3823,3825,3828,3830,3833,3835,3837,3840,3842,3844,3847],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3815,3816],{"class":51},"values ",[45,3818,56],{"class":55},[45,3820,60],{"class":59},[45,3822,203],{"class":202},[45,3824,73],{"class":59},[45,3826,3827],{"class":202}," 0",[45,3829,73],{"class":59},[45,3831,3832],{"class":63}," ''",[45,3834,73],{"class":59},[45,3836,438],{"class":63},[45,3838,3839],{"class":67},"hello",[45,3841,429],{"class":63},[45,3843,73],{"class":59},[45,3845,3846],{"class":291}," None",[45,3848,93],{"class":59},[45,3850,3851],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,3852,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,3854,3855,3857,3859,3862,3864,3866,3868,3871,3873,3875,3878],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3856,125],{"class":124},[45,3858,2979],{"class":59},[45,3860,3861],{"class":315},"bool",[45,3863,109],{"class":59},[45,3865,1123],{"class":105},[45,3867,3654],{"class":59},[45,3869,3870],{"class":969}," for",[45,3872,1129],{"class":105},[45,3874,976],{"class":969},[45,3876,3877],{"class":105}," values",[45,3879,3880],{"class":59},"])\n",[14,3882,268],{},[36,3884,3886],{"className":38,"code":3885,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[18,3887,3888],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3889,3890,3892,3894,3896,3899,3901,3903,3905,3908,3910,3912],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3891,278],{"class":59},[45,3893,3598],{"class":291},[45,3895,73],{"class":59},[45,3897,3898],{"class":291}," False",[45,3900,73],{"class":59},[45,3902,3898],{"class":291},[45,3904,73],{"class":59},[45,3906,3907],{"class":291}," True",[45,3909,73],{"class":59},[45,3911,3898],{"class":291},[45,3913,93],{"class":59},[14,3915,3916,3917,3919],{},"This matters because ",[18,3918,3572],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[31,3921,3923],{"id":3922},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1864,3925,3927],{"id":3926},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[36,3929,3931],{"className":38,"code":3930,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,3932,3933,3953],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3934,3935,3937,3939,3941,3943,3945,3947,3949,3951],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3936,195],{"class":51},[45,3938,56],{"class":55},[45,3940,60],{"class":59},[45,3942,203],{"class":202},[45,3944,73],{"class":59},[45,3946,208],{"class":202},[45,3948,73],{"class":59},[45,3950,213],{"class":202},[45,3952,93],{"class":59},[45,3954,3955,3957,3959,3961,3963,3965],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,3956,125],{"class":124},[45,3958,109],{"class":59},[45,3960,909],{"class":124},[45,3962,109],{"class":59},[45,3964,251],{"class":105},[45,3966,1802],{"class":59},[14,3968,268],{},[36,3970,3972],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\n",[18,3973,3974],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3975,3976],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3977,3971],{"class":291},[14,3979,3980,3981,1326,3983,102],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[18,3982,3572],{},[18,3984,3598],{},[1864,3986,3988],{"id":3987},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[36,3990,3992],{"className":38,"code":3991,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,3993,3994,4014],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3995,3996,3998,4000,4002,4004,4006,4008,4010,4012],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3997,195],{"class":51},[45,3999,56],{"class":55},[45,4001,60],{"class":59},[45,4003,203],{"class":202},[45,4005,73],{"class":59},[45,4007,3827],{"class":202},[45,4009,73],{"class":59},[45,4011,213],{"class":202},[45,4013,93],{"class":59},[45,4015,4016,4018,4020,4022,4024,4026],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,4017,125],{"class":124},[45,4019,109],{"class":59},[45,4021,909],{"class":124},[45,4023,109],{"class":59},[45,4025,251],{"class":105},[45,4027,1802],{"class":59},[14,4029,268],{},[36,4031,4033],{"className":38,"code":4032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"False\n",[18,4034,4035],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4036,4037],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4038,4032],{"class":291},[14,4040,4041,4042,4044,4045,1326,4047,102],{},"The value ",[18,4043,2114],{}," is falsy, so ",[18,4046,3572],{},[18,4048,3667],{},[1864,4050,4052],{"id":4051},"example-strings","Example: strings",[36,4054,4056],{"className":38,"code":4055,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,4057,4058,4092],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4059,4060,4063,4065,4067,4069,4071,4073,4075,4077,4079,4081,4083,4085,4088,4090],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4061,4062],{"class":51},"words ",[45,4064,56],{"class":55},[45,4066,60],{"class":59},[45,4068,429],{"class":63},[45,4070,68],{"class":67},[45,4072,429],{"class":63},[45,4074,73],{"class":59},[45,4076,438],{"class":63},[45,4078,79],{"class":67},[45,4080,429],{"class":63},[45,4082,73],{"class":59},[45,4084,438],{"class":63},[45,4086,4087],{"class":67},"cherry",[45,4089,429],{"class":63},[45,4091,93],{"class":59},[45,4093,4094,4096,4098,4100,4102,4105],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,4095,125],{"class":124},[45,4097,109],{"class":59},[45,4099,909],{"class":124},[45,4101,109],{"class":59},[45,4103,4104],{"class":105},"words",[45,4106,1802],{"class":59},[14,4108,268],{},[36,4110,4111],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,4112,4113],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4114,4115],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4116,3971],{"class":291},[14,4118,4119],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4121,4122],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[36,4124,4126],{"className":38,"code":4125,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,4127,4128,4156],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4129,4130,4132,4134,4136,4138,4140,4142,4144,4146,4148,4150,4152,4154],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4131,4062],{"class":51},[45,4133,56],{"class":55},[45,4135,60],{"class":59},[45,4137,429],{"class":63},[45,4139,68],{"class":67},[45,4141,429],{"class":63},[45,4143,73],{"class":59},[45,4145,3832],{"class":63},[45,4147,73],{"class":59},[45,4149,438],{"class":63},[45,4151,4087],{"class":67},[45,4153,429],{"class":63},[45,4155,93],{"class":59},[45,4157,4158,4160,4162,4164,4166,4168],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,4159,125],{"class":124},[45,4161,109],{"class":59},[45,4163,909],{"class":124},[45,4165,109],{"class":59},[45,4167,4104],{"class":105},[45,4169,1802],{"class":59},[14,4171,268],{},[36,4173,4174],{"className":38,"code":4032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,4175,4176],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4177,4178],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4179,4032],{"class":291},[14,4181,4182,4183,4185],{},"The empty string ",[18,4184,3767],{}," is falsy.",[31,4187,4189,4190,4192],{"id":4188},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[18,4191,3572],{}," works with conditions",[14,4194,4195,4197],{},[18,4196,3572],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4199,4200],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4202,4203],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[36,4205,4207],{"className":38,"code":4206,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4208,4209,4229,4256,4260],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4210,4211,4213,4215,4217,4219,4221,4223,4225,4227],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4212,195],{"class":51},[45,4214,56],{"class":55},[45,4216,60],{"class":59},[45,4218,203],{"class":202},[45,4220,73],{"class":59},[45,4222,208],{"class":202},[45,4224,73],{"class":59},[45,4226,213],{"class":202},[45,4228,93],{"class":59},[45,4230,4231,4233,4235,4237,4239,4241,4244,4246,4248,4250,4252,4254],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,4232,220],{"class":51},[45,4234,56],{"class":55},[45,4236,3637],{"class":124},[45,4238,109],{"class":59},[45,4240,3018],{"class":105},[45,4242,4243],{"class":55},">",[45,4245,3827],{"class":202},[45,4247,3870],{"class":969},[45,4249,1129],{"class":105},[45,4251,976],{"class":969},[45,4253,225],{"class":105},[45,4255,118],{"class":59},[45,4257,4258],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4259,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,4261,4262,4264,4266,4268],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,4263,125],{"class":124},[45,4265,109],{"class":59},[45,4267,263],{"class":105},[45,4269,118],{"class":59},[14,4271,268],{},[36,4273,4274],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,4275,4276],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4277,4278],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4279,3971],{"class":291},[14,4281,4282],{},"Here is one that fails:",[36,4284,4286],{"className":38,"code":4285,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4287,4288,4310,4336,4340],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4289,4290,4292,4294,4296,4298,4300,4302,4304,4306,4308],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4291,195],{"class":51},[45,4293,56],{"class":55},[45,4295,60],{"class":59},[45,4297,203],{"class":202},[45,4299,73],{"class":59},[45,4301,2218],{"class":55},[45,4303,234],{"class":202},[45,4305,73],{"class":59},[45,4307,213],{"class":202},[45,4309,93],{"class":59},[45,4311,4312,4314,4316,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326,4328,4330,4332,4334],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,4313,220],{"class":51},[45,4315,56],{"class":55},[45,4317,3637],{"class":124},[45,4319,109],{"class":59},[45,4321,3018],{"class":105},[45,4323,4243],{"class":55},[45,4325,3827],{"class":202},[45,4327,3870],{"class":969},[45,4329,1129],{"class":105},[45,4331,976],{"class":969},[45,4333,225],{"class":105},[45,4335,118],{"class":59},[45,4337,4338],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4339,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,4341,4342,4344,4346,4348],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,4343,125],{"class":124},[45,4345,109],{"class":59},[45,4347,263],{"class":105},[45,4349,118],{"class":59},[14,4351,268],{},[36,4353,4354],{"className":38,"code":4032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,4355,4356],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4357,4358],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4359,4032],{"class":291},[14,4361,4362,4363,4366,4367,4369,4370,1326,4372,102],{},"The expression ",[18,4364,4365],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[18,4368,3598],{},", then ",[18,4371,3572],{},[18,4373,3598],{},[14,4375,4376],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4378,4379,4380,1301,4384,102],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[364,4381,4383],{"href":4382},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[364,4385,4387],{"href":4386},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[31,4389,4391],{"id":4390},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4393,4394,1326,4396,102],{},[18,4395,3595],{},[18,4397,3598],{},[14,4399,4400],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4402,345],{},[36,4404,4406],{"className":38,"code":4405,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(all([]))\n",[18,4407,4408],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4409,4410,4412,4414,4416],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4411,125],{"class":124},[45,4413,109],{"class":59},[45,4415,909],{"class":124},[45,4417,4418],{"class":59},"([]))\n",[14,4420,268],{},[36,4422,4423],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,4424,4425],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4426,4427],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4428,3971],{"class":291},[14,4430,4431],{},"Why?",[14,4433,4434],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4436,4437],{},"Think of it this way:",[157,4439,4440,4447,4450],{},[160,4441,4442,1326,4444,4446],{},[18,4443,3572],{},[18,4445,3667],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[160,4448,4449],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[160,4451,4452,4453],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[18,4454,3667],{},[14,4456,4457],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4459,4460],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[36,4462,4464],{"className":38,"code":4463,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[18,4465,4466,4477],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4467,4468,4470,4472,4474],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4469,125],{"class":124},[45,4471,109],{"class":59},[45,4473,909],{"class":124},[45,4475,4476],{"class":59},"(()))\n",[45,4478,4479,4481,4483,4485,4487,4489],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,4480,125],{"class":124},[45,4482,109],{"class":59},[45,4484,909],{"class":124},[45,4486,109],{"class":59},[45,4488,3767],{"class":63},[45,4490,1802],{"class":59},[14,4492,268],{},[36,4494,4496],{"className":38,"code":4495,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nTrue\n",[18,4497,4498,4502],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4499,4500],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4501,3971],{"class":291},[45,4503,4504],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,4505,3971],{"class":291},[31,4507,4509],{"id":4508},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1864,4511,4513],{"id":4512},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4515,4516],{},"This is wrong:",[36,4518,4520],{"className":38,"code":4519,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[18,4521,4522,4527],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4523,4524],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4525,4526],{"class":137},"# Wrong\n",[45,4528,4529],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,4530,4531],{"class":137},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4533,4534,4536],{},[18,4535,3572],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4538,4539],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[36,4541,4543],{"className":38,"code":4542,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,4544,4545],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4546,4547,4549,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559,4561,4563,4565],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4548,125],{"class":124},[45,4550,109],{"class":59},[45,4552,909],{"class":124},[45,4554,2979],{"class":59},[45,4556,203],{"class":202},[45,4558,73],{"class":59},[45,4560,208],{"class":202},[45,4562,73],{"class":59},[45,4564,213],{"class":202},[45,4566,2992],{"class":59},[1864,4568,4570,4571,4573],{"id":4569},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[18,4572,3572],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4575,4576],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[36,4578,4580],{"className":38,"code":4579,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4581,4582,4603],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4583,4584,4586,4588,4590,4592,4594,4597,4599,4601],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4585,195],{"class":51},[45,4587,56],{"class":55},[45,4589,60],{"class":59},[45,4591,2131],{"class":202},[45,4593,73],{"class":59},[45,4595,4596],{"class":202}," 5",[45,4598,73],{"class":59},[45,4600,4596],{"class":202},[45,4602,93],{"class":59},[45,4604,4605,4607,4609,4611,4613,4615],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,4606,125],{"class":124},[45,4608,109],{"class":59},[45,4610,909],{"class":124},[45,4612,109],{"class":59},[45,4614,251],{"class":105},[45,4616,1802],{"class":59},[14,4618,4619,4620,4622],{},"This does ",[26,4621,178],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4624,4625,4626,4628],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[18,4627,2131],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[36,4630,4631],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,4632,4633],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4634,4635],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4636,3971],{"class":291},[14,4638,4639],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[36,4641,4643],{"className":38,"code":4642,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[18,4644,4645,4665],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4646,4647,4649,4651,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661,4663],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4648,195],{"class":51},[45,4650,56],{"class":55},[45,4652,60],{"class":59},[45,4654,2131],{"class":202},[45,4656,73],{"class":59},[45,4658,4596],{"class":202},[45,4660,73],{"class":59},[45,4662,4596],{"class":202},[45,4664,93],{"class":59},[45,4666,4667,4669,4671,4673,4675,4677,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4690],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,4668,125],{"class":124},[45,4670,109],{"class":59},[45,4672,909],{"class":124},[45,4674,109],{"class":59},[45,4676,3018],{"class":105},[45,4678,4679],{"class":55},"==",[45,4681,4596],{"class":202},[45,4683,3870],{"class":969},[45,4685,1129],{"class":105},[45,4687,976],{"class":969},[45,4689,225],{"class":105},[45,4691,1802],{"class":59},[1864,4693,4695,4696,4698],{"id":4694},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[18,4697,2114],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[36,4700,4702],{"className":38,"code":4701,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[18,4703,4704,4730],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4705,4706,4708,4710,4712,4714,4716,4718,4720,4722,4724,4727],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4707,125],{"class":124},[45,4709,109],{"class":59},[45,4711,909],{"class":124},[45,4713,2979],{"class":59},[45,4715,203],{"class":202},[45,4717,73],{"class":59},[45,4719,208],{"class":202},[45,4721,73],{"class":59},[45,4723,3827],{"class":202},[45,4725,4726],{"class":59},"]))",[45,4728,4729],{"class":137},"       # False\n",[45,4731,4732,4734,4736,4738,4740,4742,4744,4746,4748,4750,4752,4754,4756,4758,4760],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,4733,125],{"class":124},[45,4735,109],{"class":59},[45,4737,909],{"class":124},[45,4739,2979],{"class":59},[45,4741,429],{"class":63},[45,4743,364],{"class":67},[45,4745,429],{"class":63},[45,4747,73],{"class":59},[45,4749,438],{"class":63},[45,4751,373],{"class":67},[45,4753,429],{"class":63},[45,4755,73],{"class":59},[45,4757,3832],{"class":63},[45,4759,4726],{"class":59},[45,4761,4762],{"class":137},"  # False\n",[14,4764,4765,4766,102],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[18,4767,3667],{},[1864,4769,4771,4772,4774,4775],{"id":4770},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[18,4773,3595],{}," is ",[18,4776,3598],{},[14,4778,4779],{},"This is expected behavior:",[36,4781,4783],{"className":38,"code":4782,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[18,4784,4785],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4786,4787,4789,4791,4793,4796],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4788,125],{"class":124},[45,4790,109],{"class":59},[45,4792,909],{"class":124},[45,4794,4795],{"class":59},"([]))",[45,4797,3657],{"class":137},[14,4799,4800,4801,4803],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[18,4802,3598],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,4805,4806],{},"Useful quick tests:",[36,4808,4810],{"className":38,"code":4809,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[18,4811,4812,4834,4856,4903,4939],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4813,4814,4816,4818,4820,4822,4824,4826,4828,4830,4832],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4815,125],{"class":124},[45,4817,109],{"class":59},[45,4819,909],{"class":124},[45,4821,2979],{"class":59},[45,4823,203],{"class":202},[45,4825,73],{"class":59},[45,4827,208],{"class":202},[45,4829,73],{"class":59},[45,4831,213],{"class":202},[45,4833,2992],{"class":59},[45,4835,4836,4838,4840,4842,4844,4846,4848,4850,4852,4854],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,4837,125],{"class":124},[45,4839,109],{"class":59},[45,4841,909],{"class":124},[45,4843,2979],{"class":59},[45,4845,203],{"class":202},[45,4847,73],{"class":59},[45,4849,3827],{"class":202},[45,4851,73],{"class":59},[45,4853,213],{"class":202},[45,4855,2992],{"class":59},[45,4857,4858,4860,4862,4864,4866,4868,4870,4872,4874,4876,4878,4880,4882,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894,4896,4898,4900],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4859,125],{"class":124},[45,4861,2979],{"class":59},[45,4863,3861],{"class":315},[45,4865,109],{"class":59},[45,4867,1123],{"class":105},[45,4869,3654],{"class":59},[45,4871,3870],{"class":969},[45,4873,1129],{"class":105},[45,4875,976],{"class":969},[45,4877,60],{"class":59},[45,4879,203],{"class":202},[45,4881,73],{"class":59},[45,4883,3827],{"class":202},[45,4885,73],{"class":59},[45,4887,3832],{"class":63},[45,4889,73],{"class":59},[45,4891,438],{"class":63},[45,4893,3839],{"class":67},[45,4895,429],{"class":63},[45,4897,73],{"class":59},[45,4899,3846],{"class":291},[45,4901,4902],{"class":59},"]])\n",[45,4904,4905,4907,4909,4911,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925,4927,4929,4931,4933,4935,4937],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,4906,125],{"class":124},[45,4908,109],{"class":59},[45,4910,909],{"class":124},[45,4912,109],{"class":59},[45,4914,3018],{"class":105},[45,4916,4243],{"class":55},[45,4918,3827],{"class":202},[45,4920,3870],{"class":969},[45,4922,1129],{"class":105},[45,4924,976],{"class":969},[45,4926,60],{"class":59},[45,4928,203],{"class":202},[45,4930,73],{"class":59},[45,4932,208],{"class":202},[45,4934,73],{"class":59},[45,4936,213],{"class":202},[45,4938,2992],{"class":59},[45,4940,4941,4943,4945,4947],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,4942,125],{"class":124},[45,4944,109],{"class":59},[45,4946,909],{"class":124},[45,4948,4418],{"class":59},[31,4950,4952,4953],{"id":4951},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[18,4954,3572],{},[14,4956,4957,4959],{},[18,4958,3572],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,4961,4962],{},"Common use cases:",[157,4964,4965,4968,4971],{},[160,4966,4967],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[160,4969,4970],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[160,4972,4973],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,4975,4976],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[36,4978,4980],{"className":38,"code":4979,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[18,4981,4982,5018],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4983,4984,4987,4989,4991,4993,4996,4998,5000,5002,5005,5007,5009,5011,5014,5016],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4985,4986],{"class":51},"names ",[45,4988,56],{"class":55},[45,4990,60],{"class":59},[45,4992,429],{"class":63},[45,4994,4995],{"class":67},"Alice",[45,4997,429],{"class":63},[45,4999,73],{"class":59},[45,5001,438],{"class":63},[45,5003,5004],{"class":67},"Bob",[45,5006,429],{"class":63},[45,5008,73],{"class":59},[45,5010,438],{"class":63},[45,5012,5013],{"class":67},"Charlie",[45,5015,429],{"class":63},[45,5017,93],{"class":59},[45,5019,5020,5022,5024,5026,5028,5031],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,5021,125],{"class":124},[45,5023,109],{"class":59},[45,5025,909],{"class":124},[45,5027,109],{"class":59},[45,5029,5030],{"class":105},"names",[45,5032,1802],{"class":59},[14,5034,268],{},[36,5036,5037],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,5038,5039],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5040,5041],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5042,3971],{"class":291},[14,5044,5045],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[36,5047,5049],{"className":38,"code":5048,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[18,5050,5051,5074],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5052,5053,5055,5057,5059,5062,5064,5067,5069,5072],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5054,578],{"class":51},[45,5056,56],{"class":55},[45,5058,60],{"class":59},[45,5060,5061],{"class":202},"75",[45,5063,73],{"class":59},[45,5065,5066],{"class":202}," 80",[45,5068,73],{"class":59},[45,5070,5071],{"class":202}," 50",[45,5073,93],{"class":59},[45,5075,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084,5087,5090,5092,5094,5097,5099,5102],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,5077,125],{"class":124},[45,5079,109],{"class":59},[45,5081,909],{"class":124},[45,5083,109],{"class":59},[45,5085,5086],{"class":105},"score ",[45,5088,5089],{"class":55},">=",[45,5091,5071],{"class":202},[45,5093,3870],{"class":969},[45,5095,5096],{"class":105}," score ",[45,5098,976],{"class":969},[45,5100,5101],{"class":105}," scores",[45,5103,1802],{"class":59},[14,5105,268],{},[36,5107,5108],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,5109,5110],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5111,5112],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5113,3971],{"class":291},[14,5115,5116],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5118,5119,5120,1301,5124,102],{},"For related tasks, see ",[364,5121,5123],{"href":5122},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[364,5125,5127],{"href":5126},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[31,5129,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,5131,5133,5134,5136],{"id":5132},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[18,5135,3572],{}," return in Python?",[14,5138,1877,5139,5141,5142,5144],{},[18,5140,3598],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[18,5143,3667],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1864,5146,5148,5149,5151,5152,2485],{"id":5147},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[18,5150,3595],{}," return ",[18,5153,3598],{},[14,5155,5156],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1864,5158,5160,5161,5163],{"id":5159},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[18,5162,3572],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5165,5166],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1864,5168,5170,5171,1301,5173,2485],{"id":5169},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[18,5172,3572],{},[18,5174,5175],{},"any()",[14,5177,5178,5180,5181,5183,5184,102],{},[18,5179,3572],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[18,5182,5175],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[364,5185,3569,5187,3502],{"href":5186},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[18,5188,5175],{},[31,5190,1909],{"id":1908},[157,5192,5193,5199,5203,5208,5213,5218],{},[160,5194,5195],{},[364,5196,3569,5197,3502],{"href":5186},[18,5198,5175],{},[160,5200,5201],{},[364,5202,3800],{"href":3799},[160,5204,5205],{},[364,5206,5207],{"href":5126},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[160,5209,5210],{},[364,5211,5212],{"href":5122},"How to filter a list in Python",[160,5214,5215],{},[364,5216,5217],{"href":4382},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[160,5219,5220],{},[364,5221,5222],{"href":4386},"What is an iterable in Python",[1936,5224,5225],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":5227},[5228,5229,5231,5232,5237,5239,5240,5249,5251,5261],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":3670,"depth":96,"text":5230},"What all() does",{"id":3722,"depth":96,"text":3723},{"id":3922,"depth":96,"text":3923,"children":5233},[5234,5235,5236],{"id":3926,"depth":121,"text":3927},{"id":3987,"depth":121,"text":3988},{"id":4051,"depth":121,"text":4052},{"id":4188,"depth":96,"text":5238},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4390,"depth":96,"text":4391},{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":5241},[5242,5243,5245,5247],{"id":4512,"depth":121,"text":4513},{"id":4569,"depth":121,"text":5244},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4694,"depth":121,"text":5246},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4770,"depth":121,"text":5248},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4951,"depth":96,"text":5250},"When to use all()",{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":5252},[5253,5255,5257,5259],{"id":5132,"depth":121,"text":5254},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5147,"depth":121,"text":5256},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5159,"depth":121,"text":5258},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5169,"depth":121,"text":5260},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3563,"description":5262},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5269,"title":5270,"body":5271,"description":6955,"extension":1958,"meta":6956,"navigation":241,"path":5186,"seo":6957,"stem":6958,"__hash__":6959},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5272,"toc":6933},[5273,5276,5284,5287,5304,5312,5356,5365,5369,5374,5377,5394,5397,5408,5420,5422,5425,5440,5445,5448,5460,5463,5548,5551,5572,5578,5580,5588,5602,5604,5638,5640,5643,5704,5706,5723,5726,5753,5755,5763,5775,5777,5780,5819,5821,5829,5831,5847,5855,5858,5901,5903,5911,5916,5920,5928,5931,5955,5958,5961,6035,6037,6045,6052,6076,6087,6090,6169,6171,6179,6186,6190,6195,6210,6212,6220,6223,6229,6232,6278,6280,6297,6301,6306,6317,6320,6433,6436,6495,6501,6503,6508,6512,6514,6533,6539,6542,6561,6565,6574,6601,6603,6611,6619,6623,6629,6652,6654,6662,6669,6673,6676,6727,6730,6781,6784,6786,6790,6797,6801,6808,6812,6820,6824,6827,6849,6851,6901,6903,6930],[10,5274,5270],{"id":5275},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5277,5278,5280,5281,102],{},[18,5279,5175],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[26,5282,5283],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5285,5286],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[157,5288,5289,5292,5295,5298,5301],{},[160,5290,5291],{},"lists",[160,5293,5294],{},"tuples",[160,5296,5297],{},"sets",[160,5299,5300],{},"strings",[160,5302,5303],{},"generator expressions",[14,5305,5306,5307,1742,5309,5311],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[18,5308,3598],{},[18,5310,3667],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[36,5313,5315],{"className":38,"code":5314,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[18,5316,5317,5337],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5318,5319,5321,5323,5325,5327,5329,5331,5333,5335],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5320,3816],{"class":51},[45,5322,56],{"class":55},[45,5324,60],{"class":59},[45,5326,2114],{"class":202},[45,5328,73],{"class":59},[45,5330,3832],{"class":63},[45,5332,73],{"class":59},[45,5334,4596],{"class":202},[45,5336,93],{"class":59},[45,5338,5339,5341,5343,5346,5348,5351,5354],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,5340,125],{"class":124},[45,5342,109],{"class":59},[45,5344,5345],{"class":124},"any",[45,5347,109],{"class":59},[45,5349,5350],{"class":105},"values",[45,5352,5353],{"class":59},"))",[45,5355,3657],{"class":137},[14,5357,141,5358,5361,5362,5364],{},[18,5359,5360],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[18,5363,3598],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[31,5366,5368],{"id":5367},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5370,5371,5373],{},[18,5372,5175],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5375,5376],{},"It returns:",[157,5378,5379,5384,5389],{},[160,5380,5381,5383],{},[18,5382,3598],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[160,5385,5386,5388],{},[18,5387,3667],{}," if all items are falsy",[160,5390,5391,5393],{},[18,5392,3667],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5395,5396],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[157,5398,5399,5402,5405],{},[160,5400,5401],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[160,5403,5404],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[160,5406,5407],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5409,5410,5411,5414,5415,102],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[26,5412,5413],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[364,5416,5418],{"href":5417},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[18,5419,3572],{},[31,5421,305],{"id":304},[14,5423,5424],{},"The syntax is simple:",[36,5426,5428],{"className":38,"code":5427,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"any(iterable)\n",[18,5429,5430],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5431,5432,5434,5436,5438],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5433,5345],{"class":124},[45,5435,109],{"class":59},[45,5437,3714],{"class":105},[45,5439,118],{"class":59},[14,5441,5442,5443,102],{},"The argument must be an ",[26,5444,3714],{},[14,5446,5447],{},"Common inputs include:",[157,5449,5450,5452,5454,5456,5458],{},[160,5451,5291],{},[160,5453,5294],{},[160,5455,5297],{},[160,5457,5300],{},[160,5459,5303],{},[14,5461,5462],{},"For example:",[36,5464,5466],{"className":38,"code":5465,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[18,5467,5468,5491,5510,5530],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5469,5470,5472,5474,5476,5478,5480,5482,5484,5486,5489],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5471,125],{"class":124},[45,5473,109],{"class":59},[45,5475,5345],{"class":124},[45,5477,2979],{"class":59},[45,5479,2114],{"class":202},[45,5481,73],{"class":59},[45,5483,3827],{"class":202},[45,5485,73],{"class":59},[45,5487,5488],{"class":202}," 1",[45,5490,2992],{"class":59},[45,5492,5493,5495,5497,5499,5502,5504,5506,5508],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,5494,125],{"class":124},[45,5496,109],{"class":59},[45,5498,5345],{"class":124},[45,5500,5501],{"class":59},"((",[45,5503,3667],{"class":291},[45,5505,73],{"class":59},[45,5507,3898],{"class":291},[45,5509,2905],{"class":59},[45,5511,5512,5514,5516,5518,5521,5523,5525,5527],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,5513,125],{"class":124},[45,5515,109],{"class":59},[45,5517,5345],{"class":124},[45,5519,5520],{"class":59},"({",[45,5522,2114],{"class":202},[45,5524,73],{"class":59},[45,5526,208],{"class":202},[45,5528,5529],{"class":59},"}))\n",[45,5531,5532,5534,5536,5538,5540,5542,5544,5546],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,5533,125],{"class":124},[45,5535,109],{"class":59},[45,5537,5345],{"class":124},[45,5539,109],{"class":59},[45,5541,64],{"class":63},[45,5543,3839],{"class":67},[45,5545,64],{"class":63},[45,5547,1802],{"class":59},[14,5549,5550],{},"Expected output:",[36,5552,5554],{"className":38,"code":5553,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5555,5556,5560,5564,5568],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5557,5558],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5559,3971],{"class":291},[45,5561,5562],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,5563,4032],{"class":291},[45,5565,5566],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,5567,3971],{"class":291},[45,5569,5570],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,5571,3971],{"class":291},[14,5573,5574,5575,102],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[364,5576,5127],{"href":5577},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[31,5579,3723],{"id":3722},[14,5581,3726,5582,1742,5585,3731],{},[26,5583,5584],{},"truthy",[26,5586,5587],{},"falsy",[157,5589,5590,5596],{},[160,5591,5592,3739,5594],{},[26,5593,3738],{},[18,5595,3598],{},[160,5597,5598,3739,5600],{},[26,5599,3746],{},[18,5601,3667],{},[14,5603,3751],{},[157,5605,5606,5610,5614,5618,5622,5626,5630,5634],{},[160,5607,5608],{},[18,5609,3667],{},[160,5611,5612],{},[18,5613,2114],{},[160,5615,5616],{},[18,5617,3762],{},[160,5619,5620],{},[18,5621,3767],{},[160,5623,5624],{},[18,5625,3780],{},[160,5627,5628],{},[18,5629,3785],{},[160,5631,5632],{},[18,5633,3790],{},[160,5635,5636],{},[18,5637,301],{},[14,5639,3793],{},[14,5641,5642],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[36,5644,5646],{"className":38,"code":5645,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[18,5647,5648,5662,5680],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5649,5650,5652,5654,5656,5658,5660],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5651,125],{"class":124},[45,5653,109],{"class":59},[45,5655,5345],{"class":124},[45,5657,2979],{"class":59},[45,5659,203],{"class":202},[45,5661,2992],{"class":59},[45,5663,5664,5666,5668,5670,5672,5674,5676,5678],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,5665,125],{"class":124},[45,5667,109],{"class":59},[45,5669,5345],{"class":124},[45,5671,2979],{"class":59},[45,5673,429],{"class":63},[45,5675,3839],{"class":67},[45,5677,429],{"class":63},[45,5679,2992],{"class":59},[45,5681,5682,5684,5686,5688,5691,5693,5695,5697,5699,5701],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,5683,125],{"class":124},[45,5685,109],{"class":59},[45,5687,5345],{"class":124},[45,5689,5690],{"class":59},"([[",[45,5692,203],{"class":202},[45,5694,73],{"class":59},[45,5696,208],{"class":202},[45,5698,73],{"class":59},[45,5700,213],{"class":202},[45,5702,5703],{"class":59},"]]))\n",[14,5705,5550],{},[36,5707,5709],{"className":38,"code":5708,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5710,5711,5715,5719],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5712,5713],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5714,3971],{"class":291},[45,5716,5717],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,5718,3971],{"class":291},[45,5720,5721],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,5722,3971],{"class":291},[14,5724,5725],{},"And these are all falsy:",[36,5727,5729],{"className":38,"code":5728,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[18,5730,5731],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5732,5733,5735,5737,5739,5741,5743,5745,5747,5749,5751],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5734,125],{"class":124},[45,5736,109],{"class":59},[45,5738,5345],{"class":124},[45,5740,2979],{"class":59},[45,5742,2114],{"class":202},[45,5744,73],{"class":59},[45,5746,3832],{"class":63},[45,5748,73],{"class":59},[45,5750,3846],{"class":291},[45,5752,2992],{"class":59},[14,5754,5550],{},[36,5756,5757],{"className":38,"code":4032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,5758,5759],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5760,5761],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5762,4032],{"class":291},[14,5764,5765,5766,1301,5769,102],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[364,5767,3800],{"href":5768},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[364,5770,5772,5774],{"href":5771},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[18,5773,3806],{}," explained",[31,5776,448],{"id":447},[14,5778,5779],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[36,5781,5783],{"className":38,"code":5782,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,5784,5785,5805],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5786,5787,5789,5791,5793,5795,5797,5799,5801,5803],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5788,3816],{"class":51},[45,5790,56],{"class":55},[45,5792,60],{"class":59},[45,5794,2114],{"class":202},[45,5796,73],{"class":59},[45,5798,3832],{"class":63},[45,5800,73],{"class":59},[45,5802,4596],{"class":202},[45,5804,93],{"class":59},[45,5806,5807,5809,5811,5813,5815,5817],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,5808,125],{"class":124},[45,5810,109],{"class":59},[45,5812,5345],{"class":124},[45,5814,109],{"class":59},[45,5816,5350],{"class":105},[45,5818,1802],{"class":59},[14,5820,268],{},[36,5822,5823],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,5824,5825],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5826,5827],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5828,3971],{"class":291},[14,5830,4431],{},[157,5832,5833,5838,5842],{},[160,5834,5835,5837],{},[18,5836,2114],{}," is falsy",[160,5839,5840,5837],{},[18,5841,3767],{},[160,5843,5844,5846],{},[18,5845,2131],{}," is truthy",[14,5848,5849,5850,1326,5853,102],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[18,5851,5852],{},"any(values)",[18,5854,3598],{},[14,5856,5857],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[36,5859,5861],{"className":38,"code":5860,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,5862,5863,5887],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5864,5865,5867,5869,5871,5873,5875,5877,5879,5881,5883,5885],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5866,3816],{"class":51},[45,5868,56],{"class":55},[45,5870,60],{"class":59},[45,5872,2114],{"class":202},[45,5874,73],{"class":59},[45,5876,3832],{"class":63},[45,5878,73],{"class":59},[45,5880,3846],{"class":291},[45,5882,73],{"class":59},[45,5884,3898],{"class":291},[45,5886,93],{"class":59},[45,5888,5889,5891,5893,5895,5897,5899],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,5890,125],{"class":124},[45,5892,109],{"class":59},[45,5894,5345],{"class":124},[45,5896,109],{"class":59},[45,5898,5350],{"class":105},[45,5900,1802],{"class":59},[14,5902,268],{},[36,5904,5905],{"className":38,"code":4032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,5906,5907],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5908,5909],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5910,4032],{"class":291},[14,5912,5913,5914,102],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[18,5915,3667],{},[31,5917,5919],{"id":5918},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,5921,5922,5924,5925,102],{},[18,5923,5175],{}," is often used with a ",[26,5926,5927],{},"generator expression",[14,5929,5930],{},"This is a common pattern:",[36,5932,5934],{"className":38,"code":5933,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[18,5935,5936],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5937,5938,5940,5942,5945,5947,5949,5951,5953],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5939,5345],{"class":124},[45,5941,109],{"class":59},[45,5943,5944],{"class":105},"condition ",[45,5946,970],{"class":969},[45,5948,973],{"class":105},[45,5950,976],{"class":969},[45,5952,1210],{"class":105},[45,5954,118],{"class":59},[14,5956,5957],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,5959,5960],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[36,5962,5964],{"className":38,"code":5963,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,5965,5966,5994,5998,6025],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5967,5968,5970,5972,5974,5976,5978,5981,5983,5985,5987,5989,5992],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5969,195],{"class":51},[45,5971,56],{"class":55},[45,5973,60],{"class":59},[45,5975,2498],{"class":202},[45,5977,73],{"class":59},[45,5979,5980],{"class":202}," 7",[45,5982,73],{"class":59},[45,5984,2218],{"class":55},[45,5986,234],{"class":202},[45,5988,73],{"class":59},[45,5990,5991],{"class":202}," 10",[45,5993,93],{"class":59},[45,5995,5996],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,5997,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,5999,6000,6002,6004,6007,6009,6011,6013,6015,6017,6019,6021,6023],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,6001,220],{"class":51},[45,6003,56],{"class":55},[45,6005,6006],{"class":124}," any",[45,6008,109],{"class":59},[45,6010,3018],{"class":105},[45,6012,3284],{"class":55},[45,6014,3827],{"class":202},[45,6016,3870],{"class":969},[45,6018,1129],{"class":105},[45,6020,976],{"class":969},[45,6022,225],{"class":105},[45,6024,118],{"class":59},[45,6026,6027,6029,6031,6033],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,6028,125],{"class":124},[45,6030,109],{"class":59},[45,6032,263],{"class":105},[45,6034,118],{"class":59},[14,6036,268],{},[36,6038,6039],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,6040,6041],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6042,6043],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6044,3971],{"class":291},[14,6046,6047,6048,6051],{},"This works because ",[18,6049,6050],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[157,6053,6054,6062,6069],{},[160,6055,6056,6059,6060],{},[18,6057,6058],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[18,6061,3667],{},[160,6063,6064,6059,6067],{},[18,6065,6066],{},"7 \u003C 0",[18,6068,3667],{},[160,6070,6071,6059,6074],{},[18,6072,6073],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[18,6075,3598],{},[14,6077,6078,6079,6081,6082,6084,6085,102],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[18,6080,3598],{}," result, ",[18,6083,5175],{}," can return ",[18,6086,3598],{},[14,6088,6089],{},"Here is another example:",[36,6091,6093],{"className":38,"code":6092,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[18,6094,6095,6124,6128,6158],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6096,6097,6099,6101,6103,6105,6107,6109,6111,6114,6116,6118,6120,6122],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6098,4062],{"class":51},[45,6100,56],{"class":55},[45,6102,60],{"class":59},[45,6104,64],{"class":63},[45,6106,68],{"class":67},[45,6108,64],{"class":63},[45,6110,73],{"class":59},[45,6112,6113],{"class":63}," \"\"",[45,6115,73],{"class":59},[45,6117,76],{"class":63},[45,6119,79],{"class":67},[45,6121,64],{"class":63},[45,6123,93],{"class":59},[45,6125,6126],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,6127,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,6129,6130,6133,6135,6137,6139,6142,6144,6146,6148,6151,6153,6156],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,6131,6132],{"class":51},"has_empty_string ",[45,6134,56],{"class":55},[45,6136,6006],{"class":124},[45,6138,109],{"class":59},[45,6140,6141],{"class":105},"word ",[45,6143,4679],{"class":55},[45,6145,6113],{"class":63},[45,6147,3870],{"class":969},[45,6149,6150],{"class":105}," word ",[45,6152,976],{"class":969},[45,6154,6155],{"class":105}," words",[45,6157,118],{"class":59},[45,6159,6160,6162,6164,6167],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,6161,125],{"class":124},[45,6163,109],{"class":59},[45,6165,6166],{"class":105},"has_empty_string",[45,6168,118],{"class":59},[14,6170,268],{},[36,6172,6173],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,6174,6175],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6176,6177],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6178,3971],{"class":291},[14,6180,6181,6182,102],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[364,6183,6185],{"href":6184},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[31,6187,6189],{"id":6188},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6191,6192,6193,1111],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[18,6194,3667],{},[36,6196,6198],{"className":38,"code":6197,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any([]))\n",[18,6199,6200],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6201,6202,6204,6206,6208],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6203,125],{"class":124},[45,6205,109],{"class":59},[45,6207,5345],{"class":124},[45,6209,4418],{"class":59},[14,6211,268],{},[36,6213,6214],{"className":38,"code":4032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,6215,6216],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6217,6218],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6219,4032],{"class":291},[14,6221,6222],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6224,6225,6226,6228],{},"The reason is simple: ",[18,6227,5175],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6230,6231],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[36,6233,6235],{"className":38,"code":6234,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[18,6236,6237,6247,6262],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6238,6239,6241,6243,6245],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6240,125],{"class":124},[45,6242,109],{"class":59},[45,6244,5345],{"class":124},[45,6246,4476],{"class":59},[45,6248,6249,6251,6253,6255,6257,6260],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,6250,125],{"class":124},[45,6252,109],{"class":59},[45,6254,5345],{"class":124},[45,6256,109],{"class":59},[45,6258,6259],{"class":63},"\"\"",[45,6261,1802],{"class":59},[45,6263,6264,6266,6268,6270,6272,6275],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,6265,125],{"class":124},[45,6267,109],{"class":59},[45,6269,5345],{"class":124},[45,6271,109],{"class":59},[45,6273,6274],{"class":315},"set",[45,6276,6277],{"class":59},"()))\n",[14,6279,268],{},[36,6281,6283],{"className":38,"code":6282,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,6284,6285,6289,6293],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6286,6287],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6288,4032],{"class":291},[45,6290,6291],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,6292,4032],{"class":291},[45,6294,6295],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,6296,4032],{"class":291},[31,6298,6300],{"id":6299},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6302,141,6303,6305],{},[18,6304,5175],{}," when you want to:",[157,6307,6308,6311,6314],{},[160,6309,6310],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[160,6312,6313],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[160,6315,6316],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6318,6319],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[36,6321,6323],{"className":38,"code":6322,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[18,6324,6325,6350,6354,6364,6368,6381,6400,6410,6416,6421],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6326,6327,6329,6331,6333,6335,6337,6339,6341,6343,6345,6348],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6328,195],{"class":51},[45,6330,56],{"class":55},[45,6332,60],{"class":59},[45,6334,203],{"class":202},[45,6336,73],{"class":59},[45,6338,213],{"class":202},[45,6340,73],{"class":59},[45,6342,4596],{"class":202},[45,6344,73],{"class":59},[45,6346,6347],{"class":202}," 8",[45,6349,93],{"class":59},[45,6351,6352],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,6353,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,6355,6356,6359,6361],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,6357,6358],{"class":51},"found_even ",[45,6360,56],{"class":55},[45,6362,6363],{"class":291}," False\n",[45,6365,6366],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,6367,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,6369,6370,6372,6375,6377,6379],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,6371,970],{"class":969},[45,6373,6374],{"class":51}," number ",[45,6376,976],{"class":969},[45,6378,225],{"class":51},[45,6380,1213],{"class":59},[45,6382,6383,6386,6388,6391,6393,6396,6398],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,6384,6385],{"class":969},"    if",[45,6387,6374],{"class":51},[45,6389,6390],{"class":55},"%",[45,6392,208],{"class":202},[45,6394,6395],{"class":55}," ==",[45,6397,3827],{"class":202},[45,6399,1213],{"class":59},[45,6401,6402,6405,6407],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,6403,6404],{"class":51},"        found_even ",[45,6406,56],{"class":55},[45,6408,6409],{"class":291}," True\n",[45,6411,6413],{"class":47,"line":6412},8,[45,6414,6415],{"class":969},"        break\n",[45,6417,6419],{"class":47,"line":6418},9,[45,6420,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,6422,6424,6426,6428,6431],{"class":47,"line":6423},10,[45,6425,125],{"class":124},[45,6427,109],{"class":59},[45,6429,6430],{"class":105},"found_even",[45,6432,118],{"class":59},[14,6434,6435],{},"You can write:",[36,6437,6439],{"className":38,"code":6438,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[18,6440,6441,6465],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6442,6443,6445,6447,6449,6451,6453,6455,6457,6459,6461,6463],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6444,195],{"class":51},[45,6446,56],{"class":55},[45,6448,60],{"class":59},[45,6450,203],{"class":202},[45,6452,73],{"class":59},[45,6454,213],{"class":202},[45,6456,73],{"class":59},[45,6458,4596],{"class":202},[45,6460,73],{"class":59},[45,6462,6347],{"class":202},[45,6464,93],{"class":59},[45,6466,6467,6469,6471,6473,6475,6477,6479,6481,6483,6485,6487,6489,6491,6493],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,6468,125],{"class":124},[45,6470,109],{"class":59},[45,6472,5345],{"class":124},[45,6474,109],{"class":59},[45,6476,2213],{"class":105},[45,6478,6390],{"class":55},[45,6480,208],{"class":202},[45,6482,6395],{"class":55},[45,6484,3827],{"class":202},[45,6486,3870],{"class":969},[45,6488,6374],{"class":105},[45,6490,976],{"class":969},[45,6492,225],{"class":105},[45,6494,1802],{"class":59},[14,6496,6497,6498,6500],{},"Both work, but ",[18,6499,5175],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[31,6502,4509],{"id":4508},[14,6504,6505,6506,102],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[18,6507,5175],{},[1864,6509,6511],{"id":6510},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6513,4516],{},[36,6515,6517],{"className":38,"code":6516,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any(5))\n",[18,6518,6519],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6520,6521,6523,6525,6527,6529,6531],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6522,125],{"class":124},[45,6524,109],{"class":59},[45,6526,5345],{"class":124},[45,6528,109],{"class":59},[45,6530,2131],{"class":202},[45,6532,1802],{"class":59},[14,6534,6535,6536,6538],{},"It causes an error because ",[18,6537,2131],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6540,6541],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[36,6543,6545],{"className":38,"code":6544,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any([5]))\n",[18,6546,6547],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6548,6549,6551,6553,6555,6557,6559],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6550,125],{"class":124},[45,6552,109],{"class":59},[45,6554,5345],{"class":124},[45,6556,2979],{"class":59},[45,6558,2131],{"class":202},[45,6560,2992],{"class":59},[1864,6562,6564],{"id":6563},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6566,6567,6569,6570,6573],{},[18,6568,5175],{}," needs only ",[26,6571,6572],{},"one"," truthy item.",[36,6575,6577],{"className":38,"code":6576,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[18,6578,6579],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6580,6581,6583,6585,6587,6589,6591,6593,6595,6597,6599],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6582,125],{"class":124},[45,6584,109],{"class":59},[45,6586,5345],{"class":124},[45,6588,2979],{"class":59},[45,6590,3667],{"class":291},[45,6592,73],{"class":59},[45,6594,3898],{"class":291},[45,6596,73],{"class":59},[45,6598,3907],{"class":291},[45,6600,2992],{"class":59},[14,6602,268],{},[36,6604,6605],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,6606,6607],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6608,6609],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6610,3971],{"class":291},[14,6612,6613,6614,6618],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[364,6615,6616],{"href":5417},[18,6617,3572],{}," instead.",[1864,6620,6622],{"id":6621},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6624,6625,6626,102],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[18,6627,6628],{},"\"True\"",[36,6630,6632],{"className":38,"code":6631,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[18,6633,6634],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6635,6636,6638,6640,6642,6644,6646,6648,6650],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6637,125],{"class":124},[45,6639,109],{"class":59},[45,6641,5345],{"class":124},[45,6643,2979],{"class":59},[45,6645,64],{"class":63},[45,6647,3667],{"class":67},[45,6649,64],{"class":63},[45,6651,2992],{"class":59},[14,6653,268],{},[36,6655,6656],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,6657,6658],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6659,6660],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6661,3971],{"class":291},[14,6663,6664,6665,6668],{},"That is because ",[18,6666,6667],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1864,6670,6672],{"id":6671},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,6674,6675],{},"This works:",[36,6677,6679],{"className":38,"code":6678,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[18,6680,6681,6701],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6682,6683,6685,6687,6689,6691,6693,6695,6697,6699],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6684,195],{"class":51},[45,6686,56],{"class":55},[45,6688,60],{"class":59},[45,6690,203],{"class":202},[45,6692,73],{"class":59},[45,6694,208],{"class":202},[45,6696,73],{"class":59},[45,6698,213],{"class":202},[45,6700,93],{"class":59},[45,6702,6703,6705,6707,6709,6711,6713,6715,6717,6719,6721,6723,6725],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,6704,125],{"class":124},[45,6706,109],{"class":59},[45,6708,5345],{"class":124},[45,6710,2979],{"class":59},[45,6712,3018],{"class":105},[45,6714,4243],{"class":55},[45,6716,208],{"class":202},[45,6718,3870],{"class":969},[45,6720,1129],{"class":105},[45,6722,976],{"class":969},[45,6724,225],{"class":105},[45,6726,2992],{"class":59},[14,6728,6729],{},"But this is usually better:",[36,6731,6733],{"className":38,"code":6732,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[18,6734,6735,6755],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6736,6737,6739,6741,6743,6745,6747,6749,6751,6753],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6738,195],{"class":51},[45,6740,56],{"class":55},[45,6742,60],{"class":59},[45,6744,203],{"class":202},[45,6746,73],{"class":59},[45,6748,208],{"class":202},[45,6750,73],{"class":59},[45,6752,213],{"class":202},[45,6754,93],{"class":59},[45,6756,6757,6759,6761,6763,6765,6767,6769,6771,6773,6775,6777,6779],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,6758,125],{"class":124},[45,6760,109],{"class":59},[45,6762,5345],{"class":124},[45,6764,109],{"class":59},[45,6766,3018],{"class":105},[45,6768,4243],{"class":55},[45,6770,208],{"class":202},[45,6772,3870],{"class":969},[45,6774,1129],{"class":105},[45,6776,976],{"class":969},[45,6778,225],{"class":105},[45,6780,1802],{"class":59},[14,6782,6783],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[31,6785,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,6787,6789],{"id":6788},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,6791,1877,6792,6794,6795,102],{},[18,6793,3598],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[18,6796,3667],{},[1864,6798,6800],{"id":6799},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,6802,6803,1326,6805,6807],{},[18,6804,5175],{},[18,6806,3667],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1864,6809,6811],{"id":6810},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,6813,6814,6816,6817,6819],{},[18,6815,5175],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[18,6818,3572],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1864,6821,6823],{"id":6822},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,6825,6826],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[36,6828,6829],{"className":38,"code":5933,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,6830,6831],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6832,6833,6835,6837,6839,6841,6843,6845,6847],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6834,5345],{"class":124},[45,6836,109],{"class":59},[45,6838,5944],{"class":105},[45,6840,970],{"class":969},[45,6842,973],{"class":105},[45,6844,976],{"class":969},[45,6846,1210],{"class":105},[45,6848,118],{"class":59},[14,6850,5462],{},[36,6852,6853],{"className":38,"code":6732,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,6854,6855,6875],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6856,6857,6859,6861,6863,6865,6867,6869,6871,6873],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6858,195],{"class":51},[45,6860,56],{"class":55},[45,6862,60],{"class":59},[45,6864,203],{"class":202},[45,6866,73],{"class":59},[45,6868,208],{"class":202},[45,6870,73],{"class":59},[45,6872,213],{"class":202},[45,6874,93],{"class":59},[45,6876,6877,6879,6881,6883,6885,6887,6889,6891,6893,6895,6897,6899],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,6878,125],{"class":124},[45,6880,109],{"class":59},[45,6882,5345],{"class":124},[45,6884,109],{"class":59},[45,6886,3018],{"class":105},[45,6888,4243],{"class":55},[45,6890,208],{"class":202},[45,6892,3870],{"class":969},[45,6894,1129],{"class":105},[45,6896,976],{"class":969},[45,6898,225],{"class":105},[45,6900,1802],{"class":59},[31,6902,1909],{"id":1908},[157,6904,6905,6911,6915,6919,6924],{},[160,6906,6907],{},[364,6908,6909,3502],{"href":5417},[18,6910,3572],{},[160,6912,6913],{},[364,6914,3800],{"href":5768},[160,6916,6917],{},[364,6918,5207],{"href":5577},[160,6920,6921],{},[364,6922,6923],{"href":6184},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[160,6925,6926],{},[364,6927,6928,3502],{"href":5771},[18,6929,3806],{},[1936,6931,6932],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":6934},[6935,6936,6937,6938,6939,6940,6941,6942,6948,6954],{"id":5367,"depth":96,"text":5368},{"id":304,"depth":96,"text":305},{"id":3722,"depth":96,"text":3723},{"id":447,"depth":96,"text":448},{"id":5918,"depth":96,"text":5919},{"id":6188,"depth":96,"text":6189},{"id":6299,"depth":96,"text":6300},{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":6943},[6944,6945,6946,6947],{"id":6510,"depth":121,"text":6511},{"id":6563,"depth":121,"text":6564},{"id":6621,"depth":121,"text":6622},{"id":6671,"depth":121,"text":6672},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":6949},[6950,6951,6952,6953],{"id":6788,"depth":121,"text":6789},{"id":6799,"depth":121,"text":6800},{"id":6810,"depth":121,"text":6811},{"id":6822,"depth":121,"text":6823},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5270,"description":6955},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6961,"title":6962,"body":6963,"description":9089,"extension":1958,"meta":9090,"navigation":241,"path":9091,"seo":9092,"stem":9093,"__hash__":9094},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6964,"toc":9052},[6965,6968,6977,6986,6988,7085,7087,7116,7132,7136,7141,7144,7154,7160,7166,7182,7184,7192,7199,7203,7206,7221,7226,7244,7249,7251,7299,7301,7318,7322,7328,7331,7366,7368,7474,7476,7513,7517,7525,7527,7547,7549,7670,7672,7701,7704,7727,7729,7737,7745,7749,7755,7759,7798,7800,7808,7811,7839,7841,7849,7853,7882,7884,7892,7924,7926,7934,7938,7989,7991,7999,8007,8011,8014,8067,8069,8089,8096,8100,8106,8109,8117,8139,8141,8149,8157,8180,8182,8190,8195,8200,8212,8214,8255,8266,8270,8279,8282,8285,8343,8346,8397,8400,8405,8421,8427,8429,8434,8442,8445,8467,8469,8477,8482,8485,8520,8522,8530,8534,8539,8577,8589,8592,8647,8655,8659,8662,8684,8693,8696,8737,8739,8762,8768,8774,8789,8791,8811,8814,8833,8835,8854,8858,8864,8943,8946,8960,8967,8969,8973,8980,8984,8988,8992,8997,9001,9006,9010,9017,9019,9049],[10,6966,6962],{"id":6967},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,6969,16,6970,6972,6973,1742,6975,102],{},[18,6971,3806],{}," function converts a value to either ",[18,6974,3598],{},[18,6976,3667],{},[14,6978,6979,6980,6982,6983,6985],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,6981,3806],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[18,6984,982],{}," statements and other conditions.",[31,6987,3603],{"id":3602},[36,6989,6991],{"className":38,"code":6990,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,6992,6993,7007,7021,7035,7053,7063],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6994,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003,7005],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6996,125],{"class":124},[45,6998,109],{"class":59},[45,7000,3861],{"class":315},[45,7002,109],{"class":59},[45,7004,2114],{"class":202},[45,7006,1802],{"class":59},[45,7008,7009,7011,7013,7015,7017,7019],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,7010,125],{"class":124},[45,7012,109],{"class":59},[45,7014,3861],{"class":315},[45,7016,109],{"class":59},[45,7018,203],{"class":202},[45,7020,1802],{"class":59},[45,7022,7023,7025,7027,7029,7031,7033],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7024,125],{"class":124},[45,7026,109],{"class":59},[45,7028,3861],{"class":315},[45,7030,109],{"class":59},[45,7032,6259],{"class":63},[45,7034,1802],{"class":59},[45,7036,7037,7039,7041,7043,7045,7047,7049,7051],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,7038,125],{"class":124},[45,7040,109],{"class":59},[45,7042,3861],{"class":315},[45,7044,109],{"class":59},[45,7046,64],{"class":63},[45,7048,3839],{"class":67},[45,7050,64],{"class":63},[45,7052,1802],{"class":59},[45,7054,7055,7057,7059,7061],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,7056,125],{"class":124},[45,7058,109],{"class":59},[45,7060,3861],{"class":315},[45,7062,4418],{"class":59},[45,7064,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075,7077,7079,7081,7083],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,7066,125],{"class":124},[45,7068,109],{"class":59},[45,7070,3861],{"class":315},[45,7072,2979],{"class":59},[45,7074,203],{"class":202},[45,7076,73],{"class":59},[45,7078,208],{"class":202},[45,7080,73],{"class":59},[45,7082,213],{"class":202},[45,7084,2992],{"class":59},[14,7086,5550],{},[36,7088,7090],{"className":38,"code":7089,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,7091,7092,7096,7100,7104,7108,7112],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7093,7094],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7095,4032],{"class":291},[45,7097,7098],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,7099,3971],{"class":291},[45,7101,7102],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7103,4032],{"class":291},[45,7105,7106],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,7107,3971],{"class":291},[45,7109,7110],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,7111,4032],{"class":291},[45,7113,7114],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,7115,3971],{"class":291},[14,7117,141,7118,7121,7122,1742,7124,7126,7127,7129,7130,102],{},[18,7119,7120],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[18,7123,3598],{},[18,7125,3667],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[18,7128,3667],{},". Most other values become ",[18,7131,3598],{},[31,7133,7135],{"id":7134},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,7137,7138,7140],{},[18,7139,3806],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,7142,7143],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[157,7145,7146,7150],{},[160,7147,7148],{},[18,7149,3598],{},[160,7151,7152],{},[18,7153,3667],{},[14,7155,7156,7157,7159],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[18,7158,982],{}," statements.",[14,7161,7162,7163,7165],{},"You can also call ",[18,7164,3806],{}," with no argument:",[36,7167,7169],{"className":38,"code":7168,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool())\n",[18,7170,7171],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7172,7173,7175,7177,7179],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7174,125],{"class":124},[45,7176,109],{"class":59},[45,7178,3861],{"class":315},[45,7180,7181],{"class":59},"())\n",[14,7183,268],{},[36,7185,7186],{"className":38,"code":4032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,7187,7188],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7189,7190],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7191,4032],{"class":291},[14,7193,7194,7195,102],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[364,7196,7198],{"href":7197},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[31,7200,7202],{"id":7201},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,7204,7205],{},"The basic syntax is:",[36,7207,7209],{"className":38,"code":7208,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"bool(value)\n",[18,7210,7211],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7212,7213,7215,7217,7219],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7214,3861],{"class":315},[45,7216,109],{"class":59},[45,7218,28],{"class":105},[45,7220,118],{"class":59},[14,7222,16,7223,7225],{},[18,7224,28],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[157,7227,7228,7230,7232,7234,7236,7239,7241],{},[160,7229,251],{},[160,7231,5300],{},[160,7233,5291],{},[160,7235,5294],{},[160,7237,7238],{},"dictionaries",[160,7240,5297],{},[160,7242,7243],{},"other objects",[14,7245,7246,7247,102],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[18,7248,3667],{},[14,7250,345],{},[36,7252,7254],{"className":38,"code":7253,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[18,7255,7256,7270,7289],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7257,7258,7260,7262,7264,7266,7268],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7259,125],{"class":124},[45,7261,109],{"class":59},[45,7263,3861],{"class":315},[45,7265,109],{"class":59},[45,7267,585],{"class":202},[45,7269,1802],{"class":59},[45,7271,7272,7274,7276,7278,7280,7282,7285,7287],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,7273,125],{"class":124},[45,7275,109],{"class":59},[45,7277,3861],{"class":315},[45,7279,109],{"class":59},[45,7281,64],{"class":63},[45,7283,7284],{"class":67},"Python",[45,7286,64],{"class":63},[45,7288,1802],{"class":59},[45,7290,7291,7293,7295,7297],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7292,125],{"class":124},[45,7294,109],{"class":59},[45,7296,3861],{"class":315},[45,7298,7181],{"class":59},[14,7300,268],{},[36,7302,7304],{"className":38,"code":7303,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[18,7305,7306,7310,7314],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7307,7308],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7309,3971],{"class":291},[45,7311,7312],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,7313,3971],{"class":291},[45,7315,7316],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7317,4032],{"class":291},[31,7319,7321],{"id":7320},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7323,7324,7325,7327],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[26,7326,5587],{}," values.",[14,7329,7330],{},"Common examples:",[157,7332,7333,7337,7341,7345,7349,7354,7358,7362],{},[160,7334,7335],{},[18,7336,2114],{},[160,7338,7339],{},[18,7340,3762],{},[160,7342,7343],{},[18,7344,6259],{},[160,7346,7347],{},[18,7348,3780],{},[160,7350,7351],{},[18,7352,7353],{},"()",[160,7355,7356],{},[18,7357,3785],{},[160,7359,7360],{},[18,7361,3790],{},[160,7363,7364],{},[18,7365,301],{},[14,7367,345],{},[36,7369,7371],{"className":38,"code":7370,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[18,7372,7373,7387,7401,7415,7425,7435,7446,7460],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7374,7375,7377,7379,7381,7383,7385],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7376,125],{"class":124},[45,7378,109],{"class":59},[45,7380,3861],{"class":315},[45,7382,109],{"class":59},[45,7384,2114],{"class":202},[45,7386,1802],{"class":59},[45,7388,7389,7391,7393,7395,7397,7399],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,7390,125],{"class":124},[45,7392,109],{"class":59},[45,7394,3861],{"class":315},[45,7396,109],{"class":59},[45,7398,3762],{"class":202},[45,7400,1802],{"class":59},[45,7402,7403,7405,7407,7409,7411,7413],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7404,125],{"class":124},[45,7406,109],{"class":59},[45,7408,3861],{"class":315},[45,7410,109],{"class":59},[45,7412,6259],{"class":63},[45,7414,1802],{"class":59},[45,7416,7417,7419,7421,7423],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,7418,125],{"class":124},[45,7420,109],{"class":59},[45,7422,3861],{"class":315},[45,7424,4418],{"class":59},[45,7426,7427,7429,7431,7433],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,7428,125],{"class":124},[45,7430,109],{"class":59},[45,7432,3861],{"class":315},[45,7434,4476],{"class":59},[45,7436,7437,7439,7441,7443],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,7438,125],{"class":124},[45,7440,109],{"class":59},[45,7442,3861],{"class":315},[45,7444,7445],{"class":59},"({}))\n",[45,7447,7448,7450,7452,7454,7456,7458],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,7449,125],{"class":124},[45,7451,109],{"class":59},[45,7453,3861],{"class":315},[45,7455,109],{"class":59},[45,7457,6274],{"class":315},[45,7459,6277],{"class":59},[45,7461,7462,7464,7466,7468,7470,7472],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,7463,125],{"class":124},[45,7465,109],{"class":59},[45,7467,3861],{"class":315},[45,7469,109],{"class":59},[45,7471,301],{"class":291},[45,7473,1802],{"class":59},[14,7475,268],{},[36,7477,7479],{"className":38,"code":7478,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,7480,7481,7485,7489,7493,7497,7501,7505,7509],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7482,7483],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7484,4032],{"class":291},[45,7486,7487],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,7488,4032],{"class":291},[45,7490,7491],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7492,4032],{"class":291},[45,7494,7495],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,7496,4032],{"class":291},[45,7498,7499],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,7500,4032],{"class":291},[45,7502,7503],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,7504,4032],{"class":291},[45,7506,7507],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,7508,4032],{"class":291},[45,7510,7511],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,7512,4032],{"class":291},[31,7514,7516],{"id":7515},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7518,7519,7520,7522,7523,7327],{},"Many values become ",[18,7521,3598],{},". These are often called ",[26,7524,5584],{},[14,7526,7330],{},[157,7528,7529,7532,7535,7538,7541,7544],{},[160,7530,7531],{},"non-zero numbers",[160,7533,7534],{},"non-empty strings",[160,7536,7537],{},"non-empty lists",[160,7539,7540],{},"non-empty tuples",[160,7542,7543],{},"non-empty sets",[160,7545,7546],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7548,345],{},[36,7550,7552],{"className":38,"code":7551,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[18,7553,7554,7568,7584,7602,7624,7642],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7555,7556,7558,7560,7562,7564,7566],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7557,125],{"class":124},[45,7559,109],{"class":59},[45,7561,3861],{"class":315},[45,7563,109],{"class":59},[45,7565,2131],{"class":202},[45,7567,1802],{"class":59},[45,7569,7570,7572,7574,7576,7578,7580,7582],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,7571,125],{"class":124},[45,7573,109],{"class":59},[45,7575,3861],{"class":315},[45,7577,109],{"class":59},[45,7579,2016],{"class":55},[45,7581,234],{"class":202},[45,7583,1802],{"class":59},[45,7585,7586,7588,7590,7592,7594,7596,7598,7600],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7587,125],{"class":124},[45,7589,109],{"class":59},[45,7591,3861],{"class":315},[45,7593,109],{"class":59},[45,7595,64],{"class":63},[45,7597,3839],{"class":67},[45,7599,64],{"class":63},[45,7601,1802],{"class":59},[45,7603,7604,7606,7608,7610,7612,7614,7616,7618,7620,7622],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,7605,125],{"class":124},[45,7607,109],{"class":59},[45,7609,3861],{"class":315},[45,7611,2979],{"class":59},[45,7613,203],{"class":202},[45,7615,73],{"class":59},[45,7617,208],{"class":202},[45,7619,73],{"class":59},[45,7621,213],{"class":202},[45,7623,2992],{"class":59},[45,7625,7626,7628,7630,7632,7634,7636,7638,7640],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,7627,125],{"class":124},[45,7629,109],{"class":59},[45,7631,3861],{"class":315},[45,7633,5501],{"class":59},[45,7635,203],{"class":202},[45,7637,73],{"class":59},[45,7639,208],{"class":202},[45,7641,2905],{"class":59},[45,7643,7644,7646,7648,7650,7652,7654,7657,7659,7661,7663,7666,7668],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,7645,125],{"class":124},[45,7647,109],{"class":59},[45,7649,3861],{"class":315},[45,7651,5520],{"class":59},[45,7653,64],{"class":63},[45,7655,7656],{"class":67},"name",[45,7658,64],{"class":63},[45,7660,1111],{"class":59},[45,7662,76],{"class":63},[45,7664,7665],{"class":67},"Sam",[45,7667,64],{"class":63},[45,7669,5529],{"class":59},[14,7671,268],{},[36,7673,7675],{"className":38,"code":7674,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,7676,7677,7681,7685,7689,7693,7697],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7678,7679],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7680,3971],{"class":291},[45,7682,7683],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,7684,3971],{"class":291},[45,7686,7687],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7688,3971],{"class":291},[45,7690,7691],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,7692,3971],{"class":291},[45,7694,7695],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,7696,3971],{"class":291},[45,7698,7699],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,7700,3971],{"class":291},[14,7702,7703],{},"One important example is this:",[36,7705,7707],{"className":38,"code":7706,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[18,7708,7709],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7710,7711,7713,7715,7717,7719,7721,7723,7725],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7712,125],{"class":124},[45,7714,109],{"class":59},[45,7716,3861],{"class":315},[45,7718,109],{"class":59},[45,7720,64],{"class":63},[45,7722,3667],{"class":67},[45,7724,64],{"class":63},[45,7726,1802],{"class":59},[14,7728,268],{},[36,7730,7731],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,7732,7733],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7734,7735],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7736,3971],{"class":291},[14,7738,7739,7740,7742,7743,102],{},"Even though the text says ",[18,7741,6667],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[18,7744,3598],{},[31,7746,7748],{"id":7747},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,7750,7751,7752,7754],{},"You can use ",[18,7753,3806],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1864,7756,7758],{"id":7757},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[36,7760,7762],{"className":38,"code":7761,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,7763,7764,7784],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7765,7766,7768,7770,7772,7774,7776,7778,7780,7782],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7767,52],{"class":51},[45,7769,56],{"class":55},[45,7771,60],{"class":59},[45,7773,585],{"class":202},[45,7775,73],{"class":59},[45,7777,590],{"class":202},[45,7779,73],{"class":59},[45,7781,595],{"class":202},[45,7783,93],{"class":59},[45,7785,7786,7788,7790,7792,7794,7796],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,7787,125],{"class":124},[45,7789,109],{"class":59},[45,7791,3861],{"class":315},[45,7793,109],{"class":59},[45,7795,99],{"class":105},[45,7797,1802],{"class":59},[14,7799,268],{},[36,7801,7802],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,7803,7804],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7805,7806],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7807,3971],{"class":291},[14,7809,7810],{},"With an empty list:",[36,7812,7814],{"className":38,"code":7813,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,7815,7816,7825],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7817,7818,7820,7822],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7819,52],{"class":51},[45,7821,56],{"class":55},[45,7823,7824],{"class":59}," []\n",[45,7826,7827,7829,7831,7833,7835,7837],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,7828,125],{"class":124},[45,7830,109],{"class":59},[45,7832,3861],{"class":315},[45,7834,109],{"class":59},[45,7836,99],{"class":105},[45,7838,1802],{"class":59},[14,7840,268],{},[36,7842,7843],{"className":38,"code":4032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,7844,7845],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7846,7847],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7848,4032],{"class":291},[1864,7850,7852],{"id":7851},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[36,7854,7856],{"className":38,"code":7855,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,7857,7858,7868],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7859,7860,7863,7865],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7861,7862],{"class":51},"name ",[45,7864,56],{"class":55},[45,7866,7867],{"class":63}," \"\"\n",[45,7869,7870,7872,7874,7876,7878,7880],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,7871,125],{"class":124},[45,7873,109],{"class":59},[45,7875,3861],{"class":315},[45,7877,109],{"class":59},[45,7879,7656],{"class":105},[45,7881,1802],{"class":59},[14,7883,268],{},[36,7885,7886],{"className":38,"code":4032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,7887,7888],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7889,7890],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7891,4032],{"class":291},[36,7893,7895],{"className":38,"code":7894,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,7896,7897,7910],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7898,7899,7901,7903,7905,7908],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7900,7862],{"class":51},[45,7902,56],{"class":55},[45,7904,76],{"class":63},[45,7906,7907],{"class":67},"Mia",[45,7909,1194],{"class":63},[45,7911,7912,7914,7916,7918,7920,7922],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,7913,125],{"class":124},[45,7915,109],{"class":59},[45,7917,3861],{"class":315},[45,7919,109],{"class":59},[45,7921,7656],{"class":105},[45,7923,1802],{"class":59},[14,7925,268],{},[36,7927,7928],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,7929,7930],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7931,7932],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7933,3971],{"class":291},[1864,7935,7937],{"id":7936},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[36,7939,7941],{"className":38,"code":7940,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[18,7942,7943,7957,7974,7978],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7944,7945,7948,7950,7952,7955],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7946,7947],{"class":51},"username ",[45,7949,56],{"class":55},[45,7951,76],{"class":63},[45,7953,7954],{"class":67},"alex",[45,7956,1194],{"class":63},[45,7958,7959,7962,7964,7967,7969,7972],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,7960,7961],{"class":51},"has_name ",[45,7963,56],{"class":55},[45,7965,7966],{"class":315}," bool",[45,7968,109],{"class":59},[45,7970,7971],{"class":105},"username",[45,7973,118],{"class":59},[45,7975,7976],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7977,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,7979,7980,7982,7984,7987],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,7981,125],{"class":124},[45,7983,109],{"class":59},[45,7985,7986],{"class":105},"has_name",[45,7988,118],{"class":59},[14,7990,268],{},[36,7992,7993],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,7994,7995],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7996,7997],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7998,3971],{"class":291},[14,8000,8001,8002,1742,8004,8006],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[18,8003,3598],{},[18,8005,3667],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1864,8008,8010],{"id":8009},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,8012,8013],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[36,8015,8017],{"className":38,"code":8016,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[18,8018,8019,8039,8043,8051],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8020,8021,8023,8025,8027,8029,8031,8033,8035,8037],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8022,195],{"class":51},[45,8024,56],{"class":55},[45,8026,60],{"class":59},[45,8028,203],{"class":202},[45,8030,73],{"class":59},[45,8032,208],{"class":202},[45,8034,73],{"class":59},[45,8036,213],{"class":202},[45,8038,93],{"class":59},[45,8040,8041],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,8042,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,8044,8045,8047,8049],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8046,982],{"class":969},[45,8048,225],{"class":51},[45,8050,1213],{"class":59},[45,8052,8053,8056,8058,8060,8063,8065],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,8054,8055],{"class":124},"    print",[45,8057,109],{"class":59},[45,8059,64],{"class":63},[45,8061,8062],{"class":67},"The list is not empty",[45,8064,64],{"class":63},[45,8066,118],{"class":59},[14,8068,268],{},[36,8070,8072],{"className":38,"code":8071,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"The list is not empty\n",[18,8073,8074],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8075,8076,8078,8080,8083,8086],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8077,16],{"class":51},[45,8079,316],{"class":315},[45,8081,8082],{"class":55}," is",[45,8084,8085],{"class":55}," not",[45,8087,8088],{"class":51}," empty\n",[14,8090,8091,8092,102],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[364,8093,8095],{"href":8094},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[31,8097,8099],{"id":8098},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,8101,8102,8103,8105],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[18,8104,3806],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,8107,8108],{},"It does not do that.",[1864,8110,8112,1326,8115],{"id":8111},"boolfalse-returns-true",[18,8113,8114],{},"bool(\"False\")",[18,8116,3598],{},[36,8118,8119],{"className":38,"code":7706,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,8120,8121],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8122,8123,8125,8127,8129,8131,8133,8135,8137],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8124,125],{"class":124},[45,8126,109],{"class":59},[45,8128,3861],{"class":315},[45,8130,109],{"class":59},[45,8132,64],{"class":63},[45,8134,3667],{"class":67},[45,8136,64],{"class":63},[45,8138,1802],{"class":59},[14,8140,268],{},[36,8142,8143],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,8144,8145],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8146,8147],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8148,3971],{"class":291},[1864,8150,8152,1326,8155],{"id":8151},"bool0-returns-true",[18,8153,8154],{},"bool(\"0\")",[18,8156,3598],{},[36,8158,8160],{"className":38,"code":8159,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[18,8161,8162],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8163,8164,8166,8168,8170,8172,8174,8176,8178],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8165,125],{"class":124},[45,8167,109],{"class":59},[45,8169,3861],{"class":315},[45,8171,109],{"class":59},[45,8173,64],{"class":63},[45,8175,2114],{"class":67},[45,8177,64],{"class":63},[45,8179,1802],{"class":59},[14,8181,268],{},[36,8183,8184],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,8185,8186],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8187,8188],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8189,3971],{"class":291},[14,8191,8192,8193,102],{},"This happens because both values are ",[26,8194,7534],{},[14,8196,8197,8199],{},[18,8198,3806],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,8201,8202,8203,8208,8209,8211],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[364,8204,8206],{"href":8205},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[18,8207,2951],{},", because ",[18,8210,2951],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8213,345],{},[36,8215,8217],{"className":38,"code":8216,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[18,8218,8219,8240],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8220,8221,8224,8226,8229,8231,8233,8236,8238],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8222,8223],{"class":51},"user_value ",[45,8225,56],{"class":55},[45,8227,8228],{"class":124}," input",[45,8230,109],{"class":59},[45,8232,64],{"class":63},[45,8234,8235],{"class":67},"Enter True or False: ",[45,8237,64],{"class":63},[45,8239,118],{"class":59},[45,8241,8242,8244,8246,8248,8250,8253],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,8243,125],{"class":124},[45,8245,109],{"class":59},[45,8247,3861],{"class":315},[45,8249,109],{"class":59},[45,8251,8252],{"class":105},"user_value",[45,8254,1802],{"class":59},[14,8256,8257,8258,8260,8261,8208,8263,8265],{},"If the user types ",[18,8259,3667],{},", the result will still be ",[18,8262,3598],{},[18,8264,6667],{}," is not empty.",[31,8267,8269],{"id":8268},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8271,8272,8273,8275,8276,8278],{},"In many ",[18,8274,982],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[18,8277,3806],{}," yourself.",[14,8280,8281],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8283,8284],{},"Instead of this:",[36,8286,8288],{"className":38,"code":8287,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8289,8290,8311,8315,8328],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8291,8292,8295,8297,8299,8301,8303,8305,8307,8309],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8293,8294],{"class":51},"my_list ",[45,8296,56],{"class":55},[45,8298,60],{"class":59},[45,8300,203],{"class":202},[45,8302,73],{"class":59},[45,8304,208],{"class":202},[45,8306,73],{"class":59},[45,8308,213],{"class":202},[45,8310,93],{"class":59},[45,8312,8313],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,8314,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,8316,8317,8319,8321,8323,8325],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8318,982],{"class":969},[45,8320,7966],{"class":315},[45,8322,109],{"class":59},[45,8324,1765],{"class":105},[45,8326,8327],{"class":59},"):\n",[45,8329,8330,8332,8334,8336,8339,8341],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,8331,8055],{"class":124},[45,8333,109],{"class":59},[45,8335,64],{"class":63},[45,8337,8338],{"class":67},"List has items",[45,8340,64],{"class":63},[45,8342,118],{"class":59},[14,8344,8345],{},"You can simply write:",[36,8347,8349],{"className":38,"code":8348,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8350,8351,8371,8375,8383],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8352,8353,8355,8357,8359,8361,8363,8365,8367,8369],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8354,8294],{"class":51},[45,8356,56],{"class":55},[45,8358,60],{"class":59},[45,8360,203],{"class":202},[45,8362,73],{"class":59},[45,8364,208],{"class":202},[45,8366,73],{"class":59},[45,8368,213],{"class":202},[45,8370,93],{"class":59},[45,8372,8373],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,8374,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,8376,8377,8379,8381],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8378,982],{"class":969},[45,8380,1780],{"class":51},[45,8382,1213],{"class":59},[45,8384,8385,8387,8389,8391,8393,8395],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,8386,8055],{"class":124},[45,8388,109],{"class":59},[45,8390,64],{"class":63},[45,8392,8338],{"class":67},[45,8394,64],{"class":63},[45,8396,118],{"class":59},[14,8398,8399],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8401,1736,8402,8404],{},[18,8403,3806],{}," is still helpful when:",[157,8406,8407,8410,8418],{},[160,8408,8409],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[160,8411,8412,8413,1742,8415,8417],{},"you want to store a real ",[18,8414,3598],{},[18,8416,3667],{}," value",[160,8419,8420],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8422,8423,8424,102],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[364,8425,8426],{"href":2294},"Python type() function explained",[31,8428,1709],{"id":1708},[14,8430,8431,8432,102],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[18,8433,3806],{},[1864,8435,1722,8437,8439,8440],{"id":8436},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[18,8438,8114],{}," to return ",[18,8441,3667],{},[14,8443,8444],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[36,8446,8447],{"className":38,"code":7706,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,8448,8449],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8450,8451,8453,8455,8457,8459,8461,8463,8465],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8452,125],{"class":124},[45,8454,109],{"class":59},[45,8456,3861],{"class":315},[45,8458,109],{"class":59},[45,8460,64],{"class":63},[45,8462,3667],{"class":67},[45,8464,64],{"class":63},[45,8466,1802],{"class":59},[14,8468,268],{},[36,8470,8471],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,8472,8473],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8474,8475],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8476,3971],{"class":291},[14,8478,8479,8480,6668],{},"Why? Because ",[18,8481,6667],{},[14,8483,8484],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[36,8486,8488],{"className":38,"code":8487,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[18,8489,8490,8502],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8491,8492,8494,8496,8498,8500],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8493,1185],{"class":51},[45,8495,56],{"class":55},[45,8497,76],{"class":63},[45,8499,3667],{"class":67},[45,8501,1194],{"class":63},[45,8503,8504,8506,8508,8510,8512,8514,8516,8518],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,8505,125],{"class":124},[45,8507,109],{"class":59},[45,8509,1185],{"class":105},[45,8511,4679],{"class":55},[45,8513,76],{"class":63},[45,8515,3598],{"class":67},[45,8517,64],{"class":63},[45,8519,118],{"class":59},[14,8521,268],{},[36,8523,8524],{"className":38,"code":4032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,8525,8526],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8527,8528],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8529,4032],{"class":291},[1864,8531,8533],{"id":8532},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8535,8536,8538],{},[18,8537,2951],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[36,8540,8542],{"className":38,"code":8541,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,8543,8544,8563],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8545,8546,8548,8550,8552,8554,8556,8559,8561],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8547,1185],{"class":51},[45,8549,56],{"class":55},[45,8551,8228],{"class":124},[45,8553,109],{"class":59},[45,8555,64],{"class":63},[45,8557,8558],{"class":67},"Enter yes or no: ",[45,8560,64],{"class":63},[45,8562,118],{"class":59},[45,8564,8565,8567,8569,8571,8573,8575],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,8566,125],{"class":124},[45,8568,109],{"class":59},[45,8570,3861],{"class":315},[45,8572,109],{"class":59},[45,8574,28],{"class":105},[45,8576,1802],{"class":59},[14,8578,8257,8579,8582,8583,8585,8586,8265],{},[18,8580,8581],{},"no",", the result is still ",[18,8584,3598],{}," because ",[18,8587,8588],{},"\"no\"",[14,8590,8591],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[36,8593,8595],{"className":38,"code":8594,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[18,8596,8597,8628],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8598,8599,8601,8603,8605,8607,8609,8611,8613,8616,8619,8622,8625],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8600,1185],{"class":51},[45,8602,56],{"class":55},[45,8604,8228],{"class":124},[45,8606,109],{"class":59},[45,8608,64],{"class":63},[45,8610,8558],{"class":67},[45,8612,64],{"class":63},[45,8614,8615],{"class":59},").",[45,8617,8618],{"class":105},"strip",[45,8620,8621],{"class":59},"().",[45,8623,8624],{"class":105},"lower",[45,8626,8627],{"class":59},"()\n",[45,8629,8630,8632,8634,8636,8638,8640,8643,8645],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,8631,125],{"class":124},[45,8633,109],{"class":59},[45,8635,1185],{"class":105},[45,8637,4679],{"class":55},[45,8639,76],{"class":63},[45,8641,8642],{"class":67},"yes",[45,8644,64],{"class":63},[45,8646,118],{"class":59},[14,8648,8649,8650,8652,8653,102],{},"This gives ",[18,8651,3598],{}," only when the user enters ",[18,8654,8642],{},[1864,8656,8658],{"id":8657},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8660,8661],{},"These are different:",[157,8663,8664,8668,8672,8676,8680],{},[160,8665,8666],{},[18,8667,3667],{},[160,8669,8670],{},[18,8671,2114],{},[160,8673,8674],{},[18,8675,6259],{},[160,8677,8678],{},[18,8679,3780],{},[160,8681,8682],{},[18,8683,301],{},[14,8685,8686,8687,8689,8690,8692],{},"They all become ",[18,8688,3667],{}," with ",[18,8691,3806],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,8694,8695],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[36,8697,8699],{"className":38,"code":8698,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,8700,8701,8709,8723],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8702,8703,8705,8707],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8704,1185],{"class":51},[45,8706,56],{"class":55},[45,8708,7824],{"class":59},[45,8710,8711,8713,8715,8717,8719,8721],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,8712,125],{"class":124},[45,8714,109],{"class":59},[45,8716,1811],{"class":315},[45,8718,109],{"class":59},[45,8720,28],{"class":105},[45,8722,1802],{"class":59},[45,8724,8725,8727,8729,8731,8733,8735],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8726,125],{"class":124},[45,8728,109],{"class":59},[45,8730,3861],{"class":315},[45,8732,109],{"class":59},[45,8734,28],{"class":105},[45,8736,1802],{"class":59},[14,8738,268],{},[36,8740,8742],{"className":38,"code":8741,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[18,8743,8744,8758],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8745,8746,8748,8750,8752,8754,8756],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8747,3284],{"class":55},[45,8749,3287],{"class":2059},[45,8751,438],{"class":63},[45,8753,316],{"class":67},[45,8755,429],{"class":63},[45,8757,3296],{"class":55},[45,8759,8760],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,8761,4032],{"class":291},[1864,8763,1736,8765,8767],{"id":8764},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,8766,3785],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,8769,8770,8771,8773],{},"In Python, ",[18,8772,3785],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[36,8775,8777],{"className":38,"code":8776,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type({}))\n",[18,8778,8779],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8780,8781,8783,8785,8787],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8782,125],{"class":124},[45,8784,109],{"class":59},[45,8786,1811],{"class":315},[45,8788,7445],{"class":59},[14,8790,268],{},[36,8792,8794],{"className":38,"code":8793,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,8795,8796],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8797,8798,8800,8802,8804,8807,8809],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8799,3284],{"class":55},[45,8801,3287],{"class":2059},[45,8803,438],{"class":63},[45,8805,8806],{"class":67},"dict",[45,8808,429],{"class":63},[45,8810,3296],{"class":55},[14,8812,8813],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[36,8815,8817],{"className":38,"code":8816,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(set()))\n",[18,8818,8819],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8820,8821,8823,8825,8827,8829,8831],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8822,125],{"class":124},[45,8824,109],{"class":59},[45,8826,1811],{"class":315},[45,8828,109],{"class":59},[45,8830,6274],{"class":315},[45,8832,6277],{"class":59},[14,8834,268],{},[36,8836,8838],{"className":38,"code":8837,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,8839,8840],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8841,8842,8844,8846,8848,8850,8852],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8843,3284],{"class":55},[45,8845,3287],{"class":2059},[45,8847,438],{"class":63},[45,8849,6274],{"class":67},[45,8851,429],{"class":63},[45,8853,3296],{"class":55},[31,8855,8857],{"id":8856},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,8859,8860,8861,8863],{},"If ",[18,8862,3806],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[36,8865,8867],{"className":38,"code":8866,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[18,8868,8869,8883,8897,8907,8925],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8870,8871,8873,8875,8877,8879,8881],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8872,125],{"class":124},[45,8874,109],{"class":59},[45,8876,3861],{"class":315},[45,8878,109],{"class":59},[45,8880,28],{"class":105},[45,8882,1802],{"class":59},[45,8884,8885,8887,8889,8891,8893,8895],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,8886,125],{"class":124},[45,8888,109],{"class":59},[45,8890,1811],{"class":315},[45,8892,109],{"class":59},[45,8894,28],{"class":105},[45,8896,1802],{"class":59},[45,8898,8899,8901,8903,8905],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8900,125],{"class":124},[45,8902,109],{"class":59},[45,8904,28],{"class":105},[45,8906,118],{"class":59},[45,8908,8909,8911,8913,8915,8917,8919,8921,8923],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,8910,125],{"class":124},[45,8912,109],{"class":59},[45,8914,1185],{"class":105},[45,8916,4679],{"class":55},[45,8918,76],{"class":63},[45,8920,3598],{"class":67},[45,8922,64],{"class":63},[45,8924,118],{"class":59},[45,8926,8927,8929,8931,8933,8935,8937,8939,8941],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,8928,125],{"class":124},[45,8930,109],{"class":59},[45,8932,28],{"class":105},[45,8934,102],{"class":59},[45,8936,8618],{"class":105},[45,8938,8621],{"class":59},[45,8940,8624],{"class":105},[45,8942,7181],{"class":59},[14,8944,8945],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[157,8947,8948,8951,8954,8957],{},[160,8949,8950],{},"what the value really is",[160,8952,8953],{},"whether it is a string",[160,8955,8956],{},"whether it contains spaces",[160,8958,8959],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,8961,8962,8963,102],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[364,8964,8966],{"href":8965},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[31,8968,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,8970,8972],{"id":8971},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,8974,8975,8976,1742,8978,102],{},"It returns either ",[18,8977,3598],{},[18,8979,3667],{},[1864,8981,8983],{"id":8982},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,8985,1877,8986,102],{},[18,8987,3667],{},[1864,8989,8991],{"id":8990},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,8993,8994,8995,102],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[18,8996,3598],{},[1864,8998,9000],{"id":8999},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,9002,9003,9004,102],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[18,9005,3667],{},[1864,9007,9009],{"id":9008},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,9011,9012,9013,1742,9015,3731],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[18,9014,3598],{},[18,9016,3667],{},[31,9018,1909],{"id":1908},[157,9020,9021,9026,9030,9035,9039,9044],{},[160,9022,9023],{},[364,9024,9025],{"href":5768},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[160,9027,9028],{},[364,9029,8095],{"href":8094},[160,9031,9032],{},[364,9033,9034],{"href":8205},"Python input() function explained",[160,9036,9037],{},[364,9038,8426],{"href":2294},[160,9040,9041],{},[364,9042,9043],{"href":8965},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[160,9045,9046],{},[364,9047,9048],{"href":7197},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1936,9050,9051],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":9053},[9054,9055,9056,9057,9058,9059,9065,9071,9072,9080,9081,9088],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":7134,"depth":96,"text":7135},{"id":7201,"depth":96,"text":7202},{"id":7320,"depth":96,"text":7321},{"id":7515,"depth":96,"text":7516},{"id":7747,"depth":96,"text":7748,"children":9060},[9061,9062,9063,9064],{"id":7757,"depth":121,"text":7758},{"id":7851,"depth":121,"text":7852},{"id":7936,"depth":121,"text":7937},{"id":8009,"depth":121,"text":8010},{"id":8098,"depth":96,"text":8099,"children":9066},[9067,9069],{"id":8111,"depth":121,"text":9068},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8151,"depth":121,"text":9070},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8268,"depth":96,"text":8269},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":9073},[9074,9076,9077,9078],{"id":8436,"depth":121,"text":9075},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8532,"depth":121,"text":8533},{"id":8657,"depth":121,"text":8658},{"id":8764,"depth":121,"text":9079},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8856,"depth":96,"text":8857},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":9082},[9083,9084,9085,9086,9087],{"id":8971,"depth":121,"text":8972},{"id":8982,"depth":121,"text":8983},{"id":8990,"depth":121,"text":8991},{"id":8999,"depth":121,"text":9000},{"id":9008,"depth":121,"text":9009},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6962,"description":9089},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9096,"title":9097,"body":9098,"description":11293,"extension":1958,"meta":11294,"navigation":241,"path":11295,"seo":11296,"stem":11297,"__hash__":11298},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9099,"toc":11255},[9100,9106,9112,9119,9124,9135,9142,9251,9255,9324,9329,9334,9339,9342,9353,9358,9361,9372,9379,9381,9386,9390,9415,9419,9428,9432,9495,9499,9532,9536,9581,9585,9622,9626,9629,9685,9689,9734,9737,9742,9781,9785,9808,9811,9825,9838,9842,9847,9914,9918,9954,9957,9965,9968,10032,10036,10068,10074,10076,10136,10143,10146,10224,10228,10261,10265,10268,10312,10316,10352,10355,10372,10375,10378,10431,10434,10445,10452,10461,10464,10522,10526,10567,10575,10583,10589,10597,10609,10614,10625,10698,10701,10713,10729,10733,10738,10742,10744,10787,10793,10796,10859,10863,10866,10875,10880,10917,10921,10924,10932,10935,10974,10978,10981,11032,11036,11057,11064,11066,11072,11099,11102,11157,11160,11171,11173,11180,11188,11194,11199,11206,11209,11216,11223,11225,11252],[10,9101,3569,9103,3573],{"id":9102},"python-dict-function-explained",[18,9104,9105],{},"dict()",[14,9107,9108,9109,9111],{},"The built-in ",[18,9110,9105],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,9113,9114,9115,9118],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[26,9116,9117],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9120,9121,9123],{},[18,9122,9105],{}," is commonly used to:",[157,9125,9126,9129,9132],{},[160,9127,9128],{},"create an empty dictionary",[160,9130,9131],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[160,9133,9134],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9136,9137,9138,102],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[364,9139,9141],{"href":9140},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[36,9143,9145],{"className":38,"code":9144,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[18,9146,9147,9182,9193,9197,9236],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9148,9149,9152,9154,9157,9159,9162,9164,9166,9168,9170,9172,9175,9177,9180],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9150,9151],{"class":51},"data ",[45,9153,56],{"class":55},[45,9155,9156],{"class":315}," dict",[45,9158,109],{"class":59},[45,9160,7656],{"class":9161},"s99_P",[45,9163,56],{"class":55},[45,9165,429],{"class":63},[45,9167,4995],{"class":67},[45,9169,429],{"class":63},[45,9171,73],{"class":59},[45,9173,9174],{"class":9161}," age",[45,9176,56],{"class":55},[45,9178,9179],{"class":202},"25",[45,9181,118],{"class":59},[45,9183,9184,9186,9188,9191],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,9185,125],{"class":124},[45,9187,109],{"class":59},[45,9189,9190],{"class":105},"data",[45,9192,118],{"class":59},[45,9194,9195],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,9196,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,9198,9199,9202,9204,9207,9209,9211,9213,9215,9217,9220,9223,9225,9227,9229,9231,9233],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,9200,9201],{"class":51},"pairs ",[45,9203,56],{"class":55},[45,9205,9206],{"class":59}," [(",[45,9208,429],{"class":63},[45,9210,364],{"class":67},[45,9212,429],{"class":63},[45,9214,73],{"class":59},[45,9216,5488],{"class":202},[45,9218,9219],{"class":59},"),",[45,9221,9222],{"class":59}," (",[45,9224,429],{"class":63},[45,9226,373],{"class":67},[45,9228,429],{"class":63},[45,9230,73],{"class":59},[45,9232,208],{"class":202},[45,9234,9235],{"class":59},")]\n",[45,9237,9238,9240,9242,9244,9246,9249],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,9239,125],{"class":124},[45,9241,109],{"class":59},[45,9243,8806],{"class":315},[45,9245,109],{"class":59},[45,9247,9248],{"class":105},"pairs",[45,9250,1802],{"class":59},[14,9252,9253],{},[26,9254,268],{},[36,9256,9258],{"className":38,"code":9257,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9259,9260,9296],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9261,9262,9265,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277,9279,9281,9283,9286,9288,9290,9293],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9263,9264],{"class":59},"{",[45,9266,429],{"class":63},[45,9268,7656],{"class":67},[45,9270,429],{"class":63},[45,9272,1111],{"class":59},[45,9274,438],{"class":63},[45,9276,4995],{"class":67},[45,9278,429],{"class":63},[45,9280,73],{"class":59},[45,9282,438],{"class":63},[45,9284,9285],{"class":67},"age",[45,9287,429],{"class":63},[45,9289,1111],{"class":59},[45,9291,9292],{"class":202}," 25",[45,9294,9295],{"class":59},"}\n",[45,9297,9298,9300,9302,9304,9306,9308,9310,9312,9314,9316,9318,9320,9322],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,9299,9264],{"class":59},[45,9301,429],{"class":63},[45,9303,364],{"class":67},[45,9305,429],{"class":63},[45,9307,1111],{"class":59},[45,9309,5488],{"class":202},[45,9311,73],{"class":59},[45,9313,438],{"class":63},[45,9315,373],{"class":67},[45,9317,429],{"class":63},[45,9319,1111],{"class":59},[45,9321,208],{"class":202},[45,9323,9295],{"class":59},[14,9325,141,9326,9328],{},[18,9327,9105],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[31,9330,3671,9332,3674],{"id":9331},"what-dict-does",[18,9333,9105],{},[14,9335,9336,9338],{},[18,9337,9105],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9340,9341],{},"A dictionary:",[157,9343,9344,9347,9350],{},[160,9345,9346],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[160,9348,9349],{},"lets you look up values by key",[160,9351,9352],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9354,9355,9357],{},[18,9356,9105],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9359,9360],{},"Common uses include:",[157,9362,9363,9366,9369],{},[160,9364,9365],{},"making an empty dictionary",[160,9367,9368],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[160,9370,9371],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9373,9374,9375,102],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[364,9376,9378],{"href":9377},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[31,9380,2153],{"id":2152},[14,9382,9383,9385],{},[18,9384,9105],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1864,9387,9389],{"id":9388},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[36,9391,9393],{"className":38,"code":9392,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[18,9394,9395,9405],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9396,9397,9399,9401,9403],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9398,9151],{"class":51},[45,9400,56],{"class":55},[45,9402,9156],{"class":315},[45,9404,8627],{"class":59},[45,9406,9407,9409,9411,9413],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,9408,125],{"class":124},[45,9410,109],{"class":59},[45,9412,9190],{"class":105},[45,9414,118],{"class":59},[14,9416,9417],{},[26,9418,268],{},[36,9420,9422],{"className":38,"code":9421,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{}\n",[18,9423,9424],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9425,9426],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9427,9421],{"class":59},[1864,9429,9431],{"id":9430},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[36,9433,9435],{"className":38,"code":9434,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9436,9437,9471,9485],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9438,9439,9441,9443,9445,9447,9449,9451,9453,9455,9457,9459,9461,9463,9465,9467,9469],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9440,9201],{"class":51},[45,9442,56],{"class":55},[45,9444,9206],{"class":59},[45,9446,429],{"class":63},[45,9448,364],{"class":67},[45,9450,429],{"class":63},[45,9452,73],{"class":59},[45,9454,5488],{"class":202},[45,9456,9219],{"class":59},[45,9458,9222],{"class":59},[45,9460,429],{"class":63},[45,9462,373],{"class":67},[45,9464,429],{"class":63},[45,9466,73],{"class":59},[45,9468,208],{"class":202},[45,9470,9235],{"class":59},[45,9472,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,9474,9151],{"class":51},[45,9476,56],{"class":55},[45,9478,9156],{"class":315},[45,9480,109],{"class":59},[45,9482,9248],{"class":105},[45,9484,118],{"class":59},[45,9486,9487,9489,9491,9493],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,9488,125],{"class":124},[45,9490,109],{"class":59},[45,9492,9190],{"class":105},[45,9494,118],{"class":59},[14,9496,9497],{},[26,9498,268],{},[36,9500,9502],{"className":38,"code":9501,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9503,9504],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9505,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514,9516,9518,9520,9522,9524,9526,9528,9530],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9507,9264],{"class":59},[45,9509,429],{"class":63},[45,9511,364],{"class":67},[45,9513,429],{"class":63},[45,9515,1111],{"class":59},[45,9517,5488],{"class":202},[45,9519,73],{"class":59},[45,9521,438],{"class":63},[45,9523,373],{"class":67},[45,9525,429],{"class":63},[45,9527,1111],{"class":59},[45,9529,208],{"class":202},[45,9531,9295],{"class":59},[1864,9533,9535],{"id":9534},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[36,9537,9539],{"className":38,"code":9538,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9540,9541,9571],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9542,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567,9569],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9544,9151],{"class":51},[45,9546,56],{"class":55},[45,9548,9156],{"class":315},[45,9550,109],{"class":59},[45,9552,7656],{"class":9161},[45,9554,56],{"class":55},[45,9556,429],{"class":63},[45,9558,4995],{"class":67},[45,9560,429],{"class":63},[45,9562,73],{"class":59},[45,9564,9174],{"class":9161},[45,9566,56],{"class":55},[45,9568,9179],{"class":202},[45,9570,118],{"class":59},[45,9572,9573,9575,9577,9579],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,9574,125],{"class":124},[45,9576,109],{"class":59},[45,9578,9190],{"class":105},[45,9580,118],{"class":59},[14,9582,9583],{},[26,9584,268],{},[36,9586,9588],{"className":38,"code":9587,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[18,9589,9590],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9591,9592,9594,9596,9598,9600,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612,9614,9616,9618,9620],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9593,9264],{"class":59},[45,9595,429],{"class":63},[45,9597,7656],{"class":67},[45,9599,429],{"class":63},[45,9601,1111],{"class":59},[45,9603,438],{"class":63},[45,9605,4995],{"class":67},[45,9607,429],{"class":63},[45,9609,73],{"class":59},[45,9611,438],{"class":63},[45,9613,9285],{"class":67},[45,9615,429],{"class":63},[45,9617,1111],{"class":59},[45,9619,9292],{"class":202},[45,9621,9295],{"class":59},[1864,9623,9625],{"id":9624},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9627,9628],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[36,9630,9632],{"className":38,"code":9631,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9633,9634,9675],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9635,9636,9638,9640,9642,9645,9647,9649,9651,9653,9655,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9669,9671,9673],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9637,9151],{"class":51},[45,9639,56],{"class":55},[45,9641,9156],{"class":315},[45,9643,9644],{"class":59},"([(",[45,9646,429],{"class":63},[45,9648,364],{"class":67},[45,9650,429],{"class":63},[45,9652,73],{"class":59},[45,9654,5488],{"class":202},[45,9656,9657],{"class":59},")],",[45,9659,2553],{"class":9161},[45,9661,56],{"class":55},[45,9663,234],{"class":202},[45,9665,73],{"class":59},[45,9667,9668],{"class":9161}," c",[45,9670,56],{"class":55},[45,9672,2056],{"class":202},[45,9674,118],{"class":59},[45,9676,9677,9679,9681,9683],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,9678,125],{"class":124},[45,9680,109],{"class":59},[45,9682,9190],{"class":105},[45,9684,118],{"class":59},[14,9686,9687],{},[26,9688,268],{},[36,9690,9692],{"className":38,"code":9691,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[18,9693,9694],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9695,9696,9698,9700,9702,9704,9706,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718,9720,9722,9724,9726,9728,9730,9732],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9697,9264],{"class":59},[45,9699,429],{"class":63},[45,9701,364],{"class":67},[45,9703,429],{"class":63},[45,9705,1111],{"class":59},[45,9707,5488],{"class":202},[45,9709,73],{"class":59},[45,9711,438],{"class":63},[45,9713,373],{"class":67},[45,9715,429],{"class":63},[45,9717,1111],{"class":59},[45,9719,208],{"class":202},[45,9721,73],{"class":59},[45,9723,438],{"class":63},[45,9725,382],{"class":67},[45,9727,429],{"class":63},[45,9729,1111],{"class":59},[45,9731,213],{"class":202},[45,9733,9295],{"class":59},[31,9735,9389],{"id":9736},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9738,141,9739,9741],{},[18,9740,9105],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[36,9743,9745],{"className":38,"code":9744,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[18,9746,9747,9757,9771],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9748,9749,9751,9753,9755],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9750,9151],{"class":51},[45,9752,56],{"class":55},[45,9754,9156],{"class":315},[45,9756,8627],{"class":59},[45,9758,9759,9761,9763,9765,9767,9769],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,9760,125],{"class":124},[45,9762,109],{"class":59},[45,9764,1811],{"class":315},[45,9766,109],{"class":59},[45,9768,9190],{"class":105},[45,9770,1802],{"class":59},[45,9772,9773,9775,9777,9779],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,9774,125],{"class":124},[45,9776,109],{"class":59},[45,9778,9190],{"class":105},[45,9780,118],{"class":59},[14,9782,9783],{},[26,9784,268],{},[36,9786,9788],{"className":38,"code":9787,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[18,9789,9790,9804],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9791,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9793,3284],{"class":55},[45,9795,3287],{"class":2059},[45,9797,438],{"class":63},[45,9799,8806],{"class":67},[45,9801,429],{"class":63},[45,9803,3296],{"class":55},[45,9805,9806],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,9807,9421],{"class":59},[14,9809,9810],{},"This gives the same result as:",[36,9812,9814],{"className":38,"code":9813,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {}\n",[18,9815,9816],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9817,9818,9820,9822],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9819,9151],{"class":51},[45,9821,56],{"class":55},[45,9823,9824],{"class":59}," {}\n",[14,9826,9827,9828,9830,9831,9834,9835,9837],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[18,9829,3785],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9832,9833],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[18,9836,9105],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[31,9839,9841],{"id":9840},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,9843,9844,9845,102],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[18,9846,9105],{},[36,9848,9850],{"className":38,"code":9849,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9851,9852,9890,9904],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9853,9854,9856,9858,9860,9862,9864,9866,9868,9870,9872,9874,9876,9878,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9855,9201],{"class":51},[45,9857,56],{"class":55},[45,9859,9206],{"class":59},[45,9861,429],{"class":63},[45,9863,7656],{"class":67},[45,9865,429],{"class":63},[45,9867,73],{"class":59},[45,9869,438],{"class":63},[45,9871,4995],{"class":67},[45,9873,429],{"class":63},[45,9875,9219],{"class":59},[45,9877,9222],{"class":59},[45,9879,429],{"class":63},[45,9881,9285],{"class":67},[45,9883,429],{"class":63},[45,9885,73],{"class":59},[45,9887,9292],{"class":202},[45,9889,9235],{"class":59},[45,9891,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,9893,9151],{"class":51},[45,9895,56],{"class":55},[45,9897,9156],{"class":315},[45,9899,109],{"class":59},[45,9901,9248],{"class":105},[45,9903,118],{"class":59},[45,9905,9906,9908,9910,9912],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,9907,125],{"class":124},[45,9909,109],{"class":59},[45,9911,9190],{"class":105},[45,9913,118],{"class":59},[14,9915,9916],{},[26,9917,268],{},[36,9919,9920],{"className":38,"code":9587,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,9921,9922],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9923,9924,9926,9928,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9925,9264],{"class":59},[45,9927,429],{"class":63},[45,9929,7656],{"class":67},[45,9931,429],{"class":63},[45,9933,1111],{"class":59},[45,9935,438],{"class":63},[45,9937,4995],{"class":67},[45,9939,429],{"class":63},[45,9941,73],{"class":59},[45,9943,438],{"class":63},[45,9945,9285],{"class":67},[45,9947,429],{"class":63},[45,9949,1111],{"class":59},[45,9951,9292],{"class":202},[45,9953,9295],{"class":59},[14,9955,9956],{},"Each pair becomes:",[157,9958,9959,9962],{},[160,9960,9961],{},"the first item as the key",[160,9963,9964],{},"the second item as the value",[14,9966,9967],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[36,9969,9971],{"className":38,"code":9970,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9972,9973,10008,10022],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9974,9975,9977,9979,9982,9984,9986,9988,9990,9992,9994,9996,9998,10000,10002,10004,10006],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9976,9201],{"class":51},[45,9978,56],{"class":55},[45,9980,9981],{"class":59}," ((",[45,9983,429],{"class":63},[45,9985,364],{"class":67},[45,9987,429],{"class":63},[45,9989,73],{"class":59},[45,9991,5488],{"class":202},[45,9993,9219],{"class":59},[45,9995,9222],{"class":59},[45,9997,429],{"class":63},[45,9999,373],{"class":67},[45,10001,429],{"class":63},[45,10003,73],{"class":59},[45,10005,208],{"class":202},[45,10007,1802],{"class":59},[45,10009,10010,10012,10014,10016,10018,10020],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,10011,9151],{"class":51},[45,10013,56],{"class":55},[45,10015,9156],{"class":315},[45,10017,109],{"class":59},[45,10019,9248],{"class":105},[45,10021,118],{"class":59},[45,10023,10024,10026,10028,10030],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,10025,125],{"class":124},[45,10027,109],{"class":59},[45,10029,9190],{"class":105},[45,10031,118],{"class":59},[14,10033,10034],{},[26,10035,268],{},[36,10037,10038],{"className":38,"code":9501,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,10039,10040],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10041,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10043,9264],{"class":59},[45,10045,429],{"class":63},[45,10047,364],{"class":67},[45,10049,429],{"class":63},[45,10051,1111],{"class":59},[45,10053,5488],{"class":202},[45,10055,73],{"class":59},[45,10057,438],{"class":63},[45,10059,373],{"class":67},[45,10061,429],{"class":63},[45,10063,1111],{"class":59},[45,10065,208],{"class":202},[45,10067,9295],{"class":59},[14,10069,10070,10071,102],{},"Each item must contain ",[26,10072,10073],{},"exactly two elements",[14,10075,2830],{},[36,10077,10079],{"className":38,"code":10078,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[18,10080,10081,10121],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10082,10083,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10105,10107,10109,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10084,10085],{"class":51},"bad_data ",[45,10087,56],{"class":55},[45,10089,9206],{"class":59},[45,10091,429],{"class":63},[45,10093,364],{"class":67},[45,10095,429],{"class":63},[45,10097,73],{"class":59},[45,10099,5488],{"class":202},[45,10101,73],{"class":59},[45,10103,10104],{"class":202}," 100",[45,10106,9219],{"class":59},[45,10108,9222],{"class":59},[45,10110,429],{"class":63},[45,10112,373],{"class":67},[45,10114,429],{"class":63},[45,10116,73],{"class":59},[45,10118,208],{"class":202},[45,10120,9235],{"class":59},[45,10122,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10134],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,10124,220],{"class":51},[45,10126,56],{"class":55},[45,10128,9156],{"class":315},[45,10130,109],{"class":59},[45,10132,10133],{"class":105},"bad_data",[45,10135,118],{"class":59},[14,10137,10138,10139,10142],{},"Python raises an error because ",[18,10140,10141],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10144,10145],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[36,10147,10149],{"className":38,"code":10148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10150,10151,10200,10214],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10152,10153,10155,10157,10159,10161,10163,10165,10167,10169,10171,10173,10175,10177,10179,10181,10184,10186,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196,10198],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10154,9201],{"class":51},[45,10156,56],{"class":55},[45,10158,9206],{"class":59},[45,10160,429],{"class":63},[45,10162,364],{"class":67},[45,10164,429],{"class":63},[45,10166,73],{"class":59},[45,10168,5488],{"class":202},[45,10170,9219],{"class":59},[45,10172,9222],{"class":59},[45,10174,429],{"class":63},[45,10176,364],{"class":67},[45,10178,429],{"class":63},[45,10180,73],{"class":59},[45,10182,10183],{"class":202}," 99",[45,10185,9219],{"class":59},[45,10187,9222],{"class":59},[45,10189,429],{"class":63},[45,10191,373],{"class":67},[45,10193,429],{"class":63},[45,10195,73],{"class":59},[45,10197,208],{"class":202},[45,10199,9235],{"class":59},[45,10201,10202,10204,10206,10208,10210,10212],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,10203,9151],{"class":51},[45,10205,56],{"class":55},[45,10207,9156],{"class":315},[45,10209,109],{"class":59},[45,10211,9248],{"class":105},[45,10213,118],{"class":59},[45,10215,10216,10218,10220,10222],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,10217,125],{"class":124},[45,10219,109],{"class":59},[45,10221,9190],{"class":105},[45,10223,118],{"class":59},[14,10225,10226],{},[26,10227,268],{},[36,10229,10231],{"className":38,"code":10230,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[18,10232,10233],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10234,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253,10255,10257,10259],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10236,9264],{"class":59},[45,10238,429],{"class":63},[45,10240,364],{"class":67},[45,10242,429],{"class":63},[45,10244,1111],{"class":59},[45,10246,10183],{"class":202},[45,10248,73],{"class":59},[45,10250,438],{"class":63},[45,10252,373],{"class":67},[45,10254,429],{"class":63},[45,10256,1111],{"class":59},[45,10258,208],{"class":202},[45,10260,9295],{"class":59},[31,10262,10264],{"id":10263},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10266,10267],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[36,10269,10270],{"className":38,"code":9538,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,10271,10272,10302],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10273,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296,10298,10300],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10275,9151],{"class":51},[45,10277,56],{"class":55},[45,10279,9156],{"class":315},[45,10281,109],{"class":59},[45,10283,7656],{"class":9161},[45,10285,56],{"class":55},[45,10287,429],{"class":63},[45,10289,4995],{"class":67},[45,10291,429],{"class":63},[45,10293,73],{"class":59},[45,10295,9174],{"class":9161},[45,10297,56],{"class":55},[45,10299,9179],{"class":202},[45,10301,118],{"class":59},[45,10303,10304,10306,10308,10310],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,10305,125],{"class":124},[45,10307,109],{"class":59},[45,10309,9190],{"class":105},[45,10311,118],{"class":59},[14,10313,10314],{},[26,10315,268],{},[36,10317,10318],{"className":38,"code":9587,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,10319,10320],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10321,10322,10324,10326,10328,10330,10332,10334,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348,10350],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10323,9264],{"class":59},[45,10325,429],{"class":63},[45,10327,7656],{"class":67},[45,10329,429],{"class":63},[45,10331,1111],{"class":59},[45,10333,438],{"class":63},[45,10335,4995],{"class":67},[45,10337,429],{"class":63},[45,10339,73],{"class":59},[45,10341,438],{"class":63},[45,10343,9285],{"class":67},[45,10345,429],{"class":63},[45,10347,1111],{"class":59},[45,10349,9292],{"class":202},[45,10351,9295],{"class":59},[14,10353,10354],{},"In this form:",[157,10356,10357,10365],{},[160,10358,10359,10361,10362],{},[18,10360,7656],{}," becomes the string key ",[18,10363,10364],{},"'name'",[160,10366,10367,10361,10369],{},[18,10368,9285],{},[18,10370,10371],{},"'age'",[14,10373,10374],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10376,10377],{},"Valid examples:",[36,10379,10381],{"className":38,"code":10380,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[18,10382,10383,10421],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10384,10385,10387,10389,10391,10393,10396,10398,10400,10403,10405,10407,10410,10412,10414,10417,10419],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10386,9151],{"class":51},[45,10388,56],{"class":55},[45,10390,9156],{"class":315},[45,10392,109],{"class":59},[45,10394,10395],{"class":9161},"city",[45,10397,56],{"class":55},[45,10399,429],{"class":63},[45,10401,10402],{"class":67},"Paris",[45,10404,429],{"class":63},[45,10406,73],{"class":59},[45,10408,10409],{"class":9161}," country",[45,10411,56],{"class":55},[45,10413,429],{"class":63},[45,10415,10416],{"class":67},"France",[45,10418,429],{"class":63},[45,10420,118],{"class":59},[45,10422,10423,10425,10427,10429],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,10424,125],{"class":124},[45,10426,109],{"class":59},[45,10428,9190],{"class":105},[45,10430,118],{"class":59},[14,10432,10433],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[157,10435,10436,10439,10442],{},[160,10437,10438],{},"spaces",[160,10440,10441],{},"hyphens",[160,10443,10444],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10446,10447,10448,10451],{},"For example, this is ",[26,10449,10450],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[36,10453,10455],{"className":38,"code":10454,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[18,10456,10457],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10458,10459],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10460,10454],{"class":137},[14,10462,10463],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[36,10465,10467],{"className":38,"code":10466,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,10468,10469,10512],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10470,10471,10473,10475,10478,10480,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495,10497,10500,10502,10504,10506,10508,10510],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10472,9151],{"class":51},[45,10474,56],{"class":55},[45,10476,10477],{"class":59}," {",[45,10479,429],{"class":63},[45,10481,10482],{"class":67},"first-name",[45,10484,429],{"class":63},[45,10486,1111],{"class":59},[45,10488,438],{"class":63},[45,10490,7665],{"class":67},[45,10492,429],{"class":63},[45,10494,73],{"class":59},[45,10496,438],{"class":63},[45,10498,10499],{"class":67},"first name",[45,10501,429],{"class":63},[45,10503,1111],{"class":59},[45,10505,438],{"class":63},[45,10507,7665],{"class":67},[45,10509,429],{"class":63},[45,10511,9295],{"class":59},[45,10513,10514,10516,10518,10520],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,10515,125],{"class":124},[45,10517,109],{"class":59},[45,10519,9190],{"class":105},[45,10521,118],{"class":59},[14,10523,10524],{},[26,10525,268],{},[36,10527,10529],{"className":38,"code":10528,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[18,10530,10531],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10532,10533,10535,10537,10539,10541,10543,10545,10547,10549,10551,10553,10555,10557,10559,10561,10563,10565],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10534,9264],{"class":59},[45,10536,429],{"class":63},[45,10538,10482],{"class":67},[45,10540,429],{"class":63},[45,10542,1111],{"class":59},[45,10544,438],{"class":63},[45,10546,7665],{"class":67},[45,10548,429],{"class":63},[45,10550,73],{"class":59},[45,10552,438],{"class":63},[45,10554,10499],{"class":67},[45,10556,429],{"class":63},[45,10558,1111],{"class":59},[45,10560,438],{"class":63},[45,10562,7665],{"class":67},[45,10564,429],{"class":63},[45,10566,9295],{"class":59},[31,10568,10570,10572,10573],{"id":10569},"dict-vs",[18,10571,9105],{}," vs ",[18,10574,3785],{},[14,10576,10577,10578,1301,10580,10582],{},"Both ",[18,10579,9105],{},[18,10581,3785],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1864,10584,141,10586,10588],{"id":10585},"use-when",[18,10587,3785],{}," when:",[157,10590,10591,10594],{},[160,10592,10593],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[160,10595,10596],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[36,10598,10599],{"className":38,"code":9813,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,10600,10601],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10602,10603,10605,10607],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10604,9151],{"class":51},[45,10606,56],{"class":55},[45,10608,9824],{"class":59},[1864,10610,141,10612,10588],{"id":10611},"use-dict-when",[18,10613,9105],{},[157,10615,10616,10619,10622],{},[160,10617,10618],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[160,10620,10621],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[160,10623,10624],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[36,10626,10628],{"className":38,"code":10627,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[18,10629,10630,10667],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10631,10632,10634,10636,10638,10640,10642,10644,10646,10648,10650,10652,10654,10656,10658,10660,10662,10664],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10633,9151],{"class":51},[45,10635,56],{"class":55},[45,10637,9156],{"class":315},[45,10639,9644],{"class":59},[45,10641,429],{"class":63},[45,10643,364],{"class":67},[45,10645,429],{"class":63},[45,10647,73],{"class":59},[45,10649,5488],{"class":202},[45,10651,9219],{"class":59},[45,10653,9222],{"class":59},[45,10655,429],{"class":63},[45,10657,373],{"class":67},[45,10659,429],{"class":63},[45,10661,73],{"class":59},[45,10663,208],{"class":202},[45,10665,10666],{"class":59},")])\n",[45,10668,10669,10672,10674,10676,10678,10680,10682,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694,10696],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,10670,10671],{"class":51},"info ",[45,10673,56],{"class":55},[45,10675,9156],{"class":315},[45,10677,109],{"class":59},[45,10679,7656],{"class":9161},[45,10681,56],{"class":55},[45,10683,429],{"class":63},[45,10685,4995],{"class":67},[45,10687,429],{"class":63},[45,10689,73],{"class":59},[45,10691,9174],{"class":9161},[45,10693,56],{"class":55},[45,10695,9179],{"class":202},[45,10697,118],{"class":59},[14,10699,10700],{},"So:",[157,10702,10703,10708],{},[160,10704,10705,10707],{},[18,10706,3785],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[160,10709,10710,10712],{},[18,10711,9105],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10714,10715,10716,10720,10721,102],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[364,10717,10719],{"href":10718},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[364,10722,10724,10725,10728],{"href":10723},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[18,10726,10727],{},"get()"," method",[31,10730,10732],{"id":10731},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10734,10735,10736,102],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[18,10737,9105],{},[1864,10739,10741],{"id":10740},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10743,4516],{},[36,10745,10747],{"className":38,"code":10746,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[18,10748,10749,10773],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10750,10751,10753,10755,10757,10759,10761,10763,10765,10767,10769,10771],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10752,52],{"class":51},[45,10754,56],{"class":55},[45,10756,60],{"class":59},[45,10758,429],{"class":63},[45,10760,364],{"class":67},[45,10762,429],{"class":63},[45,10764,73],{"class":59},[45,10766,438],{"class":63},[45,10768,373],{"class":67},[45,10770,429],{"class":63},[45,10772,93],{"class":59},[45,10774,10775,10777,10779,10781,10783,10785],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,10776,9151],{"class":51},[45,10778,56],{"class":55},[45,10780,9156],{"class":315},[45,10782,109],{"class":59},[45,10784,99],{"class":105},[45,10786,118],{"class":59},[14,10788,10789,10790,102],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[18,10791,10792],{},"('a', 1)",[14,10794,10795],{},"Correct version:",[36,10797,10799],{"className":38,"code":10798,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10800,10801,10835,10849],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10802,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817,10819,10821,10823,10825,10827,10829,10831,10833],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10804,52],{"class":51},[45,10806,56],{"class":55},[45,10808,9206],{"class":59},[45,10810,429],{"class":63},[45,10812,364],{"class":67},[45,10814,429],{"class":63},[45,10816,73],{"class":59},[45,10818,5488],{"class":202},[45,10820,9219],{"class":59},[45,10822,9222],{"class":59},[45,10824,429],{"class":63},[45,10826,373],{"class":67},[45,10828,429],{"class":63},[45,10830,73],{"class":59},[45,10832,208],{"class":202},[45,10834,9235],{"class":59},[45,10836,10837,10839,10841,10843,10845,10847],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,10838,9151],{"class":51},[45,10840,56],{"class":55},[45,10842,9156],{"class":315},[45,10844,109],{"class":59},[45,10846,99],{"class":105},[45,10848,118],{"class":59},[45,10850,10851,10853,10855,10857],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,10852,125],{"class":124},[45,10854,109],{"class":59},[45,10856,9190],{"class":105},[45,10858,118],{"class":59},[1864,10860,10862],{"id":10861},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,10864,10865],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[36,10867,10869],{"className":38,"code":10868,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[18,10870,10871],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10872,10873],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10874,10868],{"class":137},[14,10876,10877,10878,1111],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[18,10879,56],{},[36,10881,10883],{"className":38,"code":10882,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[18,10884,10885,10907],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10886,10887,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899,10901,10903,10905],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10888,9151],{"class":51},[45,10890,56],{"class":55},[45,10892,9156],{"class":315},[45,10894,109],{"class":59},[45,10896,7656],{"class":9161},[45,10898,56],{"class":55},[45,10900,429],{"class":63},[45,10902,4995],{"class":67},[45,10904,429],{"class":63},[45,10906,118],{"class":59},[45,10908,10909,10911,10913,10915],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,10910,125],{"class":124},[45,10912,109],{"class":59},[45,10914,9190],{"class":105},[45,10916,118],{"class":59},[1864,10918,10920],{"id":10919},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,10922,10923],{},"This will not work:",[36,10925,10926],{"className":38,"code":10454,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,10927,10928],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10929,10930],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10931,10454],{"class":137},[14,10933,10934],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[36,10936,10938],{"className":38,"code":10937,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,10939,10940,10964],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10941,10942,10944,10946,10948,10950,10952,10954,10956,10958,10960,10962],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10943,9151],{"class":51},[45,10945,56],{"class":55},[45,10947,10477],{"class":59},[45,10949,429],{"class":63},[45,10951,10482],{"class":67},[45,10953,429],{"class":63},[45,10955,1111],{"class":59},[45,10957,438],{"class":63},[45,10959,7665],{"class":67},[45,10961,429],{"class":63},[45,10963,9295],{"class":59},[45,10965,10966,10968,10970,10972],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,10967,125],{"class":124},[45,10969,109],{"class":59},[45,10971,9190],{"class":105},[45,10973,118],{"class":59},[1864,10975,10977],{"id":10976},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,10979,10980],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[36,10982,10984],{"className":38,"code":10983,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[18,10985,10986,11022],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10987,10988,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000,11002,11004,11006,11008,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018,11020],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10989,9151],{"class":51},[45,10991,56],{"class":55},[45,10993,9156],{"class":315},[45,10995,9644],{"class":59},[45,10997,429],{"class":63},[45,10999,1123],{"class":67},[45,11001,429],{"class":63},[45,11003,73],{"class":59},[45,11005,5488],{"class":202},[45,11007,9219],{"class":59},[45,11009,9222],{"class":59},[45,11011,429],{"class":63},[45,11013,1123],{"class":67},[45,11015,429],{"class":63},[45,11017,73],{"class":59},[45,11019,208],{"class":202},[45,11021,10666],{"class":59},[45,11023,11024,11026,11028,11030],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,11025,125],{"class":124},[45,11027,109],{"class":59},[45,11029,9190],{"class":105},[45,11031,118],{"class":59},[14,11033,11034],{},[26,11035,268],{},[36,11037,11039],{"className":38,"code":11038,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'x': 2}\n",[18,11040,11041],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11042,11043,11045,11047,11049,11051,11053,11055],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11044,9264],{"class":59},[45,11046,429],{"class":63},[45,11048,1123],{"class":67},[45,11050,429],{"class":63},[45,11052,1111],{"class":59},[45,11054,208],{"class":202},[45,11056,9295],{"class":59},[14,11058,11059,11060,102],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[364,11061,11063],{"href":11062},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[31,11065,1709],{"id":1708},[14,11067,11068,11069,11071],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[18,11070,9105],{}," include:",[157,11073,11074,11084,11090,11093],{},[160,11075,11076,11077,11080,11081],{},"passing a list like ",[18,11078,11079],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[18,11082,11083],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[160,11085,11086,11087],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[18,11088,11089],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[160,11091,11092],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[160,11094,11095,11096,11098],{},"confusing ",[18,11097,9105],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,11100,11101],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[36,11103,11105],{"className":38,"code":11104,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[18,11106,11107,11121,11131,11142],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11108,11109,11111,11113,11115,11117,11119],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11110,125],{"class":124},[45,11112,109],{"class":59},[45,11114,1811],{"class":315},[45,11116,109],{"class":59},[45,11118,9190],{"class":105},[45,11120,1802],{"class":59},[45,11122,11123,11125,11127,11129],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,11124,125],{"class":124},[45,11126,109],{"class":59},[45,11128,9190],{"class":105},[45,11130,118],{"class":59},[45,11132,11133,11135,11137,11140],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,11134,125],{"class":124},[45,11136,109],{"class":59},[45,11138,11139],{"class":105},"list_of_pairs",[45,11141,118],{"class":59},[45,11143,11144,11146,11148,11151,11153,11155],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,11145,125],{"class":124},[45,11147,109],{"class":59},[45,11149,11150],{"class":124},"len",[45,11152,109],{"class":59},[45,11154,11139],{"class":105},[45,11156,1802],{"class":59},[14,11158,11159],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[157,11161,11162,11165,11168],{},[160,11163,11164],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[160,11166,11167],{},"what data is being passed in",[160,11169,11170],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[31,11172,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,11174,5170,11176,1301,11178,2485],{"id":11175},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[18,11177,9105],{},[18,11179,3785],{},[14,11181,11182,11184,11185,11187],{},[18,11183,3785],{}," is the short literal form. ",[18,11186,9105],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1864,11189,5160,11191,11193],{"id":11190},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[18,11192,9105],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11195,11196,11197,102],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[18,11198,11083],{},[1864,11200,5148,11202,11205],{"id":11201},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[18,11203,11204],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11207,11208],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1864,11210,11212,11213,11215],{"id":11211},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[18,11214,9105],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11217,11218,11219,11222],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[18,11220,11221],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[31,11224,1909],{"id":1908},[157,11226,11227,11232,11236,11241,11247],{},[160,11228,11229],{},[364,11230,11231],{"href":9377},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[160,11233,11234],{},[364,11235,9141],{"href":9140},[160,11237,11238],{},[364,11239,11240],{"href":10718},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[160,11242,11243],{},[364,11244,10724,11245,10728],{"href":10723},[18,11246,10727],{},[160,11248,11249],{},[364,11250,11251],{"href":11062},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1936,11253,11254],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":11256},[11257,11259,11265,11266,11267,11268,11275,11281,11282,11292],{"id":9331,"depth":96,"text":11258},"What dict() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153,"children":11260},[11261,11262,11263,11264],{"id":9388,"depth":121,"text":9389},{"id":9430,"depth":121,"text":9431},{"id":9534,"depth":121,"text":9535},{"id":9624,"depth":121,"text":9625},{"id":9736,"depth":96,"text":9389},{"id":9840,"depth":96,"text":9841},{"id":10263,"depth":96,"text":10264},{"id":10569,"depth":96,"text":11269,"children":11270},"dict() vs {}",[11271,11273],{"id":10585,"depth":121,"text":11272},"Use {} when:",{"id":10611,"depth":121,"text":11274},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10731,"depth":96,"text":10732,"children":11276},[11277,11278,11279,11280],{"id":10740,"depth":121,"text":10741},{"id":10861,"depth":121,"text":10862},{"id":10919,"depth":121,"text":10920},{"id":10976,"depth":121,"text":10977},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":11283},[11284,11286,11288,11290],{"id":11175,"depth":121,"text":11285},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11190,"depth":121,"text":11287},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11201,"depth":121,"text":11289},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11211,"depth":121,"text":11291},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9097,"description":11293},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11300,"title":11301,"body":11302,"description":12808,"extension":1958,"meta":12809,"navigation":241,"path":12810,"seo":12811,"stem":12812,"__hash__":12813},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11303,"toc":12777},[11304,11312,11318,11324,11326,11387,11392,11397,11402,11420,11423,11427,11429,11445,11448,11461,11465,11468,11602,11604,11671,11673,11689,11695,11701,11704,11786,11788,11801,11805,11811,11876,11878,11886,11889,11912,11918,11981,11987,11990,12004,12017,12021,12032,12037,12048,12055,12059,12065,12187,12189,12215,12218,12235,12238,12349,12351,12400,12402,12415,12424,12429,12434,12445,12447,12550,12573,12575,12579,12597,12600,12658,12661,12687,12689,12695,12698,12704,12708,12715,12723,12729,12732,12734,12774],[10,11305,11307,11308,11311],{"id":11306},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[18,11309,11310],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11313,11314,11317],{},[18,11315,11316],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11319,11320,11321,11323],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[26,11322,172],{},", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[31,11325,34],{"id":33},[36,11327,11329],{"className":38,"code":11328,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[18,11330,11331,11363,11374],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11332,11333,11335,11337,11339,11341,11343,11345,11347,11349,11351,11353,11355,11357,11359,11361],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11334,9151],{"class":51},[45,11336,56],{"class":55},[45,11338,10477],{"class":59},[45,11340,64],{"class":63},[45,11342,364],{"class":67},[45,11344,64],{"class":63},[45,11346,1111],{"class":59},[45,11348,5488],{"class":202},[45,11350,73],{"class":59},[45,11352,76],{"class":63},[45,11354,373],{"class":67},[45,11356,64],{"class":63},[45,11358,1111],{"class":59},[45,11360,208],{"class":202},[45,11362,9295],{"class":59},[45,11364,11365,11367,11369,11372],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,11366,9190],{"class":51},[45,11368,102],{"class":59},[45,11370,11371],{"class":105},"clear",[45,11373,8627],{"class":59},[45,11375,11376,11378,11380,11382,11384],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,11377,125],{"class":124},[45,11379,109],{"class":59},[45,11381,9190],{"class":105},[45,11383,3654],{"class":59},[45,11385,11386],{"class":137},"  # {}\n",[14,11388,11389,11391],{},[18,11390,11310],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[31,11393,3671,11395,3674],{"id":11394},"what-clear-does",[18,11396,11310],{},[14,11398,16,11399,11401],{},[18,11400,11310],{}," method:",[157,11403,11404,11407,11410,11415],{},[160,11405,11406],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[160,11408,11409],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[160,11411,11412,11413],{},"Returns ",[18,11414,301],{},[160,11416,11417,11418],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[18,11419,3785],{},[14,11421,11422],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11424,9137,11425,102],{},[364,11426,9141],{"href":9140},[31,11428,2153],{"id":2152},[36,11430,11432],{"className":38,"code":11431,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict.clear()\n",[18,11433,11434],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11435,11436,11439,11441,11443],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11437,11438],{"class":51},"my_dict",[45,11440,102],{"class":59},[45,11442,11371],{"class":105},[45,11444,8627],{"class":59},[14,11446,11447],{},"Important points:",[157,11449,11450,11455,11458],{},[160,11451,11452,11454],{},[18,11453,11310],{}," takes no arguments",[160,11456,11457],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[160,11459,11460],{},"It empties that dictionary",[31,11462,11464],{"id":11463},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11466,11467],{},"Here is a basic example:",[36,11469,11471],{"className":38,"code":11470,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[18,11472,11473,11483,11504,11518,11535,11539,11543,11563,11567,11578,11582],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11474,11475,11478,11480],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11476,11477],{"class":51},"user ",[45,11479,56],{"class":55},[45,11481,11482],{"class":59}," {\n",[45,11484,11485,11488,11490,11492,11494,11496,11499,11501],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,11486,11487],{"class":63},"    \"",[45,11489,7656],{"class":67},[45,11491,64],{"class":63},[45,11493,1111],{"class":59},[45,11495,76],{"class":63},[45,11497,11498],{"class":67},"Maya",[45,11500,64],{"class":63},[45,11502,11503],{"class":59},",\n",[45,11505,11506,11508,11510,11512,11514,11516],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,11507,11487],{"class":63},[45,11509,9285],{"class":67},[45,11511,64],{"class":63},[45,11513,1111],{"class":59},[45,11515,9292],{"class":202},[45,11517,11503],{"class":59},[45,11519,11520,11522,11524,11526,11528,11530,11533],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,11521,11487],{"class":63},[45,11523,10395],{"class":67},[45,11525,64],{"class":63},[45,11527,1111],{"class":59},[45,11529,76],{"class":63},[45,11531,11532],{"class":67},"Berlin",[45,11534,1194],{"class":63},[45,11536,11537],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,11538,9295],{"class":59},[45,11540,11541],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,11542,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,11544,11545,11547,11549,11551,11554,11556,11558,11561],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,11546,125],{"class":124},[45,11548,109],{"class":59},[45,11550,64],{"class":63},[45,11552,11553],{"class":67},"Before:",[45,11555,64],{"class":63},[45,11557,73],{"class":59},[45,11559,11560],{"class":105}," user",[45,11562,118],{"class":59},[45,11564,11565],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,11566,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,11568,11569,11572,11574,11576],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,11570,11571],{"class":51},"user",[45,11573,102],{"class":59},[45,11575,11371],{"class":105},[45,11577,8627],{"class":59},[45,11579,11580],{"class":47,"line":6423},[45,11581,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,11583,11585,11587,11589,11591,11594,11596,11598,11600],{"class":47,"line":11584},11,[45,11586,125],{"class":124},[45,11588,109],{"class":59},[45,11590,64],{"class":63},[45,11592,11593],{"class":67},"After:",[45,11595,64],{"class":63},[45,11597,73],{"class":59},[45,11599,11560],{"class":105},[45,11601,118],{"class":59},[14,11603,5550],{},[36,11605,11607],{"className":38,"code":11606,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[18,11608,11609,11662],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11610,11611,11614,11616,11618,11620,11622,11624,11626,11628,11630,11632,11634,11636,11638,11640,11642,11644,11646,11648,11650,11652,11654,11656,11658,11660],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11612,11613],{"class":51},"Before",[45,11615,1111],{"class":59},[45,11617,10477],{"class":59},[45,11619,429],{"class":63},[45,11621,7656],{"class":67},[45,11623,429],{"class":63},[45,11625,1111],{"class":59},[45,11627,438],{"class":63},[45,11629,11498],{"class":67},[45,11631,429],{"class":63},[45,11633,73],{"class":59},[45,11635,438],{"class":63},[45,11637,9285],{"class":67},[45,11639,429],{"class":63},[45,11641,1111],{"class":59},[45,11643,9292],{"class":202},[45,11645,73],{"class":59},[45,11647,438],{"class":63},[45,11649,10395],{"class":67},[45,11651,429],{"class":63},[45,11653,1111],{"class":59},[45,11655,438],{"class":63},[45,11657,11532],{"class":67},[45,11659,429],{"class":63},[45,11661,9295],{"class":59},[45,11663,11664,11667,11669],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,11665,11666],{"class":51},"After",[45,11668,1111],{"class":59},[45,11670,9824],{"class":59},[14,11672,551],{},[157,11674,11675,11680,11686],{},[160,11676,11677,11679],{},[18,11678,11571],{}," starts with three items",[160,11681,11682,11685],{},[18,11683,11684],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[160,11687,11688],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[31,11690,3671,11692,11694],{"id":11691},"what-clear-returns",[18,11693,11310],{}," returns",[14,11696,11697,1326,11699,102],{},[18,11698,11310],{},[18,11700,301],{},[14,11702,11703],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[36,11705,11707],{"className":38,"code":11706,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,11708,11709,11743,11747,11762,11766,11776],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11710,11711,11714,11716,11718,11720,11722,11724,11726,11728,11730,11732,11735,11737,11739,11741],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11712,11713],{"class":51},"my_dict ",[45,11715,56],{"class":55},[45,11717,10477],{"class":59},[45,11719,64],{"class":63},[45,11721,1123],{"class":67},[45,11723,64],{"class":63},[45,11725,1111],{"class":59},[45,11727,5488],{"class":202},[45,11729,73],{"class":59},[45,11731,76],{"class":63},[45,11733,11734],{"class":67},"y",[45,11736,64],{"class":63},[45,11738,1111],{"class":59},[45,11740,208],{"class":202},[45,11742,9295],{"class":59},[45,11744,11745],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,11746,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,11748,11749,11751,11753,11756,11758,11760],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,11750,220],{"class":51},[45,11752,56],{"class":55},[45,11754,11755],{"class":51}," my_dict",[45,11757,102],{"class":59},[45,11759,11371],{"class":105},[45,11761,8627],{"class":59},[45,11763,11764],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,11765,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,11767,11768,11770,11772,11774],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,11769,125],{"class":124},[45,11771,109],{"class":59},[45,11773,263],{"class":105},[45,11775,118],{"class":59},[45,11777,11778,11780,11782,11784],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,11779,125],{"class":124},[45,11781,109],{"class":59},[45,11783,11438],{"class":105},[45,11785,118],{"class":59},[14,11787,268],{},[36,11789,11791],{"className":38,"code":11790,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"None\n{}\n",[18,11792,11793,11797],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11794,11795],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11796,292],{"class":291},[45,11798,11799],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,11800,9421],{"class":59},[1864,11802,11804],{"id":11803},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,11806,11807,11808,11810],{},"Do ",[26,11809,178],{}," do this:",[36,11812,11814],{"className":38,"code":11813,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,11815,11816,11848,11862,11866],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11817,11818,11820,11822,11824,11826,11828,11830,11832,11834,11836,11838,11840,11842,11844,11846],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11819,11713],{"class":51},[45,11821,56],{"class":55},[45,11823,10477],{"class":59},[45,11825,64],{"class":63},[45,11827,1123],{"class":67},[45,11829,64],{"class":63},[45,11831,1111],{"class":59},[45,11833,5488],{"class":202},[45,11835,73],{"class":59},[45,11837,76],{"class":63},[45,11839,11734],{"class":67},[45,11841,64],{"class":63},[45,11843,1111],{"class":59},[45,11845,208],{"class":202},[45,11847,9295],{"class":59},[45,11849,11850,11852,11854,11856,11858,11860],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,11851,11713],{"class":51},[45,11853,56],{"class":55},[45,11855,11755],{"class":51},[45,11857,102],{"class":59},[45,11859,11371],{"class":105},[45,11861,8627],{"class":59},[45,11863,11864],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,11865,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,11867,11868,11870,11872,11874],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,11869,125],{"class":124},[45,11871,109],{"class":59},[45,11873,11438],{"class":105},[45,11875,118],{"class":59},[14,11877,268],{},[36,11879,11880],{"className":38,"code":292,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,11881,11882],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11883,11884],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11885,292],{"class":291},[14,11887,11888],{},"Why this happens:",[157,11890,11891,11897,11902],{},[160,11892,11893,11896],{},[18,11894,11895],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[160,11898,11899,11900],{},"The method returns ",[18,11901,301],{},[160,11903,11904,11905,11908,11909,11911],{},"Then ",[18,11906,11907],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[18,11910,301],{}," in the variable",[14,11913,11914,11915,11917],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[18,11916,11310],{}," by itself:",[36,11919,11921],{"className":38,"code":11920,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[18,11922,11923,11955,11965,11969],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11924,11925,11927,11929,11931,11933,11935,11937,11939,11941,11943,11945,11947,11949,11951,11953],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11926,11713],{"class":51},[45,11928,56],{"class":55},[45,11930,10477],{"class":59},[45,11932,64],{"class":63},[45,11934,1123],{"class":67},[45,11936,64],{"class":63},[45,11938,1111],{"class":59},[45,11940,5488],{"class":202},[45,11942,73],{"class":59},[45,11944,76],{"class":63},[45,11946,11734],{"class":67},[45,11948,64],{"class":63},[45,11950,1111],{"class":59},[45,11952,208],{"class":202},[45,11954,9295],{"class":59},[45,11956,11957,11959,11961,11963],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,11958,11438],{"class":51},[45,11960,102],{"class":59},[45,11962,11371],{"class":105},[45,11964,8627],{"class":59},[45,11966,11967],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,11968,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,11970,11971,11973,11975,11977,11979],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,11972,125],{"class":124},[45,11974,109],{"class":59},[45,11976,11438],{"class":105},[45,11978,3654],{"class":59},[45,11980,11386],{"class":137},[31,11982,11984,11986],{"id":11983},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[18,11985,11310],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,11988,11989],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[36,11991,11992],{"className":38,"code":11431,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,11993,11994],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11995,11996,11998,12000,12002],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11997,11438],{"class":51},[45,11999,102],{"class":59},[45,12001,11371],{"class":105},[45,12003,8627],{"class":59},[36,12005,12007],{"className":38,"code":12006,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {}\n",[18,12008,12009],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12010,12011,12013,12015],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12012,11713],{"class":51},[45,12014,56],{"class":55},[45,12016,9824],{"class":59},[1864,12018,12019],{"id":11371},[18,12020,11310],{},[157,12022,12023,12026,12029],{},[160,12024,12025],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[160,12027,12028],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[160,12030,12031],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1864,12033,12034],{"id":11438},[18,12035,12036],{},"my_dict = {}",[157,12038,12039,12042,12045],{},[160,12040,12041],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[160,12043,12044],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[160,12046,12047],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,12049,12050,12051,102],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[364,12052,12054],{"href":12053},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[31,12056,12058],{"id":12057},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,12060,12061,12062,12064],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[18,12063,11310],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[36,12066,12068],{"className":38,"code":12067,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12069,12070,12103,12113,12117,12128,12132,12152,12172],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12071,12072,12075,12077,12079,12081,12083,12085,12087,12089,12091,12093,12095,12097,12099,12101],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12073,12074],{"class":51},"original ",[45,12076,56],{"class":55},[45,12078,10477],{"class":59},[45,12080,64],{"class":63},[45,12082,364],{"class":67},[45,12084,64],{"class":63},[45,12086,1111],{"class":59},[45,12088,5488],{"class":202},[45,12090,73],{"class":59},[45,12092,76],{"class":63},[45,12094,373],{"class":67},[45,12096,64],{"class":63},[45,12098,1111],{"class":59},[45,12100,208],{"class":202},[45,12102,9295],{"class":59},[45,12104,12105,12108,12110],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,12106,12107],{"class":51},"other_ref ",[45,12109,56],{"class":55},[45,12111,12112],{"class":51}," original\n",[45,12114,12115],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12116,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,12118,12119,12122,12124,12126],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,12120,12121],{"class":51},"original",[45,12123,102],{"class":59},[45,12125,11371],{"class":105},[45,12127,8627],{"class":59},[45,12129,12130],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,12131,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,12133,12134,12136,12138,12140,12143,12145,12147,12150],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,12135,125],{"class":124},[45,12137,109],{"class":59},[45,12139,64],{"class":63},[45,12141,12142],{"class":67},"original:",[45,12144,64],{"class":63},[45,12146,73],{"class":59},[45,12148,12149],{"class":105}," original",[45,12151,118],{"class":59},[45,12153,12154,12156,12158,12160,12163,12165,12167,12170],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,12155,125],{"class":124},[45,12157,109],{"class":59},[45,12159,64],{"class":63},[45,12161,12162],{"class":67},"other_ref:",[45,12164,64],{"class":63},[45,12166,73],{"class":59},[45,12168,12169],{"class":105}," other_ref",[45,12171,118],{"class":59},[45,12173,12174,12176,12178,12180,12183,12185],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,12175,125],{"class":124},[45,12177,109],{"class":59},[45,12179,12074],{"class":105},[45,12181,12182],{"class":969},"is",[45,12184,12169],{"class":105},[45,12186,118],{"class":59},[14,12188,268],{},[36,12190,12192],{"className":38,"code":12191,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[18,12193,12194,12202,12211],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12195,12196,12198,12200],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12197,12121],{"class":51},[45,12199,1111],{"class":59},[45,12201,9824],{"class":59},[45,12203,12204,12207,12209],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,12205,12206],{"class":51},"other_ref",[45,12208,1111],{"class":59},[45,12210,9824],{"class":59},[45,12212,12213],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12214,3971],{"class":291},[14,12216,12217],{},"This shows:",[157,12219,12220,12227,12232],{},[160,12221,12222,1301,12224,12226],{},[18,12223,12121],{},[18,12225,12206],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[160,12228,12229,12231],{},[18,12230,11310],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[160,12233,12234],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12236,12237],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[36,12239,12241],{"className":38,"code":12240,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12242,12243,12275,12283,12287,12295,12299,12317,12335],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12244,12245,12247,12249,12251,12253,12255,12257,12259,12261,12263,12265,12267,12269,12271,12273],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12246,12074],{"class":51},[45,12248,56],{"class":55},[45,12250,10477],{"class":59},[45,12252,64],{"class":63},[45,12254,364],{"class":67},[45,12256,64],{"class":63},[45,12258,1111],{"class":59},[45,12260,5488],{"class":202},[45,12262,73],{"class":59},[45,12264,76],{"class":63},[45,12266,373],{"class":67},[45,12268,64],{"class":63},[45,12270,1111],{"class":59},[45,12272,208],{"class":202},[45,12274,9295],{"class":59},[45,12276,12277,12279,12281],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,12278,12107],{"class":51},[45,12280,56],{"class":55},[45,12282,12112],{"class":51},[45,12284,12285],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12286,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,12288,12289,12291,12293],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,12290,12074],{"class":51},[45,12292,56],{"class":55},[45,12294,9824],{"class":59},[45,12296,12297],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,12298,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,12300,12301,12303,12305,12307,12309,12311,12313,12315],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,12302,125],{"class":124},[45,12304,109],{"class":59},[45,12306,64],{"class":63},[45,12308,12142],{"class":67},[45,12310,64],{"class":63},[45,12312,73],{"class":59},[45,12314,12149],{"class":105},[45,12316,118],{"class":59},[45,12318,12319,12321,12323,12325,12327,12329,12331,12333],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,12320,125],{"class":124},[45,12322,109],{"class":59},[45,12324,64],{"class":63},[45,12326,12162],{"class":67},[45,12328,64],{"class":63},[45,12330,73],{"class":59},[45,12332,12169],{"class":105},[45,12334,118],{"class":59},[45,12336,12337,12339,12341,12343,12345,12347],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,12338,125],{"class":124},[45,12340,109],{"class":59},[45,12342,12074],{"class":105},[45,12344,12182],{"class":969},[45,12346,12169],{"class":105},[45,12348,118],{"class":59},[14,12350,268],{},[36,12352,12354],{"className":38,"code":12353,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,12355,12356,12364,12396],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12357,12358,12360,12362],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12359,12121],{"class":51},[45,12361,1111],{"class":59},[45,12363,9824],{"class":59},[45,12365,12366,12368,12370,12372,12374,12376,12378,12380,12382,12384,12386,12388,12390,12392,12394],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,12367,12206],{"class":51},[45,12369,1111],{"class":59},[45,12371,10477],{"class":59},[45,12373,429],{"class":63},[45,12375,364],{"class":67},[45,12377,429],{"class":63},[45,12379,1111],{"class":59},[45,12381,5488],{"class":202},[45,12383,73],{"class":59},[45,12385,438],{"class":63},[45,12387,373],{"class":67},[45,12389,429],{"class":63},[45,12391,1111],{"class":59},[45,12393,208],{"class":202},[45,12395,9295],{"class":59},[45,12397,12398],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12399,4032],{"class":291},[14,12401,2174],{},[157,12403,12404,12410],{},[160,12405,12406,12409],{},[18,12407,12408],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[160,12411,12412,12414],{},[18,12413,12206],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12416,12417,12418,102],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[364,12419,12421],{"href":12420},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[18,12422,12423],{},"dict.copy()",[31,12425,4952,12427],{"id":12426},"when-to-use-clear",[18,12428,11310],{},[14,12430,12431,12433],{},[18,12432,11310],{}," is useful when you want to:",[157,12435,12436,12439,12442],{},[160,12437,12438],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[160,12440,12441],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[160,12443,12444],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12446,345],{},[36,12448,12450],{"className":38,"code":12449,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[18,12451,12452,12461,12477,12497,12510,12514,12518,12523,12534,12538],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12453,12454,12457,12459],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12455,12456],{"class":51},"session_data ",[45,12458,56],{"class":55},[45,12460,11482],{"class":59},[45,12462,12463,12465,12468,12470,12472,12475],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,12464,11487],{"class":63},[45,12466,12467],{"class":67},"user_id",[45,12469,64],{"class":63},[45,12471,1111],{"class":59},[45,12473,12474],{"class":202}," 101",[45,12476,11503],{"class":59},[45,12478,12479,12481,12484,12486,12488,12490,12493,12495],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12480,11487],{"class":63},[45,12482,12483],{"class":67},"theme",[45,12485,64],{"class":63},[45,12487,1111],{"class":59},[45,12489,76],{"class":63},[45,12491,12492],{"class":67},"dark",[45,12494,64],{"class":63},[45,12496,11503],{"class":59},[45,12498,12499,12501,12504,12506,12508],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,12500,11487],{"class":63},[45,12502,12503],{"class":67},"logged_in",[45,12505,64],{"class":63},[45,12507,1111],{"class":59},[45,12509,6409],{"class":291},[45,12511,12512],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,12513,9295],{"class":59},[45,12515,12516],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,12517,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,12519,12520],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,12521,12522],{"class":137},"# Reset for a new session\n",[45,12524,12525,12528,12530,12532],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,12526,12527],{"class":51},"session_data",[45,12529,102],{"class":59},[45,12531,11371],{"class":105},[45,12533,8627],{"class":59},[45,12535,12536],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,12537,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,12539,12540,12542,12544,12546,12548],{"class":47,"line":6423},[45,12541,125],{"class":124},[45,12543,109],{"class":59},[45,12545,12527],{"class":105},[45,12547,3654],{"class":59},[45,12549,11386],{"class":137},[14,12551,12552,12553,12559,12560,102,12564,12566,12567,102],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[364,12554,12556],{"href":12555},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[18,12557,12558],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[364,12561,12563],{"href":12562},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9832,12565],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[364,12568,12570],{"href":12569},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[18,12571,12572],{},"dict.popitem()",[31,12574,1709],{"id":1708},[14,12576,10735,12577,1111],{},[18,12578,11310],{},[157,12580,12581,12586,12591,12594],{},[160,12582,1728,12583,12585],{},[18,12584,11310],{}," to a variable",[160,12587,1722,12588,12590],{},[18,12589,11310],{}," to return a new dictionary",[160,12592,12593],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[160,12595,12596],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12598,12599],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[36,12601,12603],{"className":38,"code":12602,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[18,12604,12605,12615,12629,12644],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12606,12607,12609,12611,12613],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12608,125],{"class":124},[45,12610,109],{"class":59},[45,12612,11438],{"class":105},[45,12614,118],{"class":59},[45,12616,12617,12619,12621,12623,12625,12627],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,12618,125],{"class":124},[45,12620,109],{"class":59},[45,12622,1811],{"class":315},[45,12624,109],{"class":59},[45,12626,11438],{"class":105},[45,12628,1802],{"class":59},[45,12630,12631,12633,12635,12638,12640,12642],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12632,125],{"class":124},[45,12634,109],{"class":59},[45,12636,12637],{"class":124},"id",[45,12639,109],{"class":59},[45,12641,11438],{"class":105},[45,12643,1802],{"class":59},[45,12645,12646,12648,12650,12652,12654,12656],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,12647,125],{"class":124},[45,12649,109],{"class":59},[45,12651,12107],{"class":105},[45,12653,12182],{"class":969},[45,12655,11755],{"class":105},[45,12657,118],{"class":59},[14,12659,12660],{},"What these show:",[157,12662,12663,12669,12675,12681],{},[160,12664,12665,12668],{},[18,12666,12667],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[160,12670,12671,12674],{},[18,12672,12673],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[160,12676,12677,12680],{},[18,12678,12679],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[160,12682,12683,12686],{},[18,12684,12685],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[31,12688,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,12690,175,12692,12694],{"id":12691},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[18,12693,11310],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12696,12697],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1864,12699,5133,12701,12703],{"id":12700},"what-does-dictclear-return",[18,12702,11316],{}," return?",[14,12705,1877,12706,102],{},[18,12707,301],{},[1864,12709,5170,12711,1301,12713,2485],{"id":12710},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[18,12712,11310],{},[18,12714,3785],{},[14,12716,12717,12719,12720,12722],{},[18,12718,11310],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[18,12721,3785],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1864,12724,175,12726,12728],{"id":12725},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[18,12727,11310],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12730,12731],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[31,12733,1909],{"id":1908},[157,12735,12736,12740,12744,12750,12757,12764,12769],{},[160,12737,12738],{},[364,12739,9141],{"href":9140},[160,12741,12742],{},[364,12743,11231],{"href":9377},[160,12745,12746],{},[364,12747,10724,12748,10728],{"href":12555},[18,12749,1304],{},[160,12751,12752],{},[364,12753,10724,12754,10728],{"href":12569},[18,12755,12756],{},"popitem()",[160,12758,12759],{},[364,12760,10724,12761,10728],{"href":12420},[18,12762,12763],{},"copy()",[160,12765,12766],{},[364,12767,12768],{"href":12053},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[160,12770,12771],{},[364,12772,12773],{"href":12562},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1936,12775,12776],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":12778},[12779,12780,12782,12783,12784,12788,12793,12794,12796,12797,12807],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":11394,"depth":96,"text":12781},"What clear() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":11691,"depth":96,"text":12785,"children":12786},"What clear() returns",[12787],{"id":11803,"depth":121,"text":11804},{"id":11983,"depth":96,"text":12789,"children":12790},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12791,12792],{"id":11371,"depth":121,"text":11310},{"id":11438,"depth":121,"text":12036},{"id":12057,"depth":96,"text":12058},{"id":12426,"depth":96,"text":12795},"When to use clear()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":12798},[12799,12801,12803,12805],{"id":12691,"depth":121,"text":12800},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12700,"depth":121,"text":12802},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12710,"depth":121,"text":12804},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12725,"depth":121,"text":12806},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11301,"description":12808},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12815,"title":12816,"body":12817,"description":14983,"extension":1958,"meta":14984,"navigation":241,"path":14985,"seo":14986,"stem":14987,"__hash__":14988},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12818,"toc":14955},[12819,12824,12829,12839,12841,12930,12934,12975,12980,12987,13005,13014,13016,13037,13040,13052,13054,13130,13134,13175,13177,13180,13308,13312,13392,13395,13413,13416,13420,13426,13428,13439,13441,13636,13640,13746,13749,13767,13770,13777,13782,13786,13800,13802,13929,13933,14013,14026,14032,14035,14043,14047,14173,14177,14251,14256,14387,14391,14465,14468,14482,14486,14490,14504,14506,14642,14646,14715,14717,14722,14744,14747,14854,14857,14868,14875,14877,14883,14886,14893,14896,14903,14911,14915,14918,14920,14952],[10,12820,11307,12822,11311],{"id":12821},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[18,12823,12763],{},[14,12825,12826,12828],{},[18,12827,12423],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,12830,12831,12832,12834,12835,12838],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[18,12833,12763],{}," makes a ",[26,12836,12837],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[31,12840,34],{"id":33},[36,12842,12844],{"className":38,"code":12843,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[18,12845,12846,12884,12901,12905,12916],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12847,12848,12851,12853,12855,12857,12859,12861,12863,12865,12868,12870,12872,12874,12876,12878,12880,12882],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12849,12850],{"class":51},"student ",[45,12852,56],{"class":55},[45,12854,10477],{"class":59},[45,12856,64],{"class":63},[45,12858,7656],{"class":67},[45,12860,64],{"class":63},[45,12862,1111],{"class":59},[45,12864,76],{"class":63},[45,12866,12867],{"class":67},"Ana",[45,12869,64],{"class":63},[45,12871,73],{"class":59},[45,12873,76],{"class":63},[45,12875,9285],{"class":67},[45,12877,64],{"class":63},[45,12879,1111],{"class":59},[45,12881,590],{"class":202},[45,12883,9295],{"class":59},[45,12885,12886,12889,12891,12894,12896,12899],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,12887,12888],{"class":51},"student_copy ",[45,12890,56],{"class":55},[45,12892,12893],{"class":51}," student",[45,12895,102],{"class":59},[45,12897,12898],{"class":105},"copy",[45,12900,8627],{"class":59},[45,12902,12903],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12904,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,12906,12907,12909,12911,12914],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,12908,125],{"class":124},[45,12910,109],{"class":59},[45,12912,12913],{"class":105},"student_copy",[45,12915,118],{"class":59},[45,12917,12918,12920,12922,12924,12926,12928],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,12919,125],{"class":124},[45,12921,109],{"class":59},[45,12923,12888],{"class":105},[45,12925,12182],{"class":969},[45,12927,12893],{"class":105},[45,12929,118],{"class":59},[14,12931,12932],{},[26,12933,268],{},[36,12935,12937],{"className":38,"code":12936,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[18,12938,12939,12971],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12940,12941,12943,12945,12947,12949,12951,12953,12955,12957,12959,12961,12963,12965,12967,12969],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12942,9264],{"class":59},[45,12944,429],{"class":63},[45,12946,7656],{"class":67},[45,12948,429],{"class":63},[45,12950,1111],{"class":59},[45,12952,438],{"class":63},[45,12954,12867],{"class":67},[45,12956,429],{"class":63},[45,12958,73],{"class":59},[45,12960,438],{"class":63},[45,12962,9285],{"class":67},[45,12964,429],{"class":63},[45,12966,1111],{"class":59},[45,12968,590],{"class":202},[45,12970,9295],{"class":59},[45,12972,12973],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,12974,4032],{"class":291},[14,12976,141,12977,12979],{},[18,12978,12763],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[31,12981,12983,12984,12986],{"id":12982},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[18,12985,12763],{}," method does",[157,12988,12989,12994,12997,13002],{},[160,12990,12991,12993],{},[18,12992,12423],{}," returns a new dictionary",[160,12995,12996],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[160,12998,12999,13000],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[18,13001,12763],{},[160,13003,13004],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,13006,13007,13008,1742,13011,102],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[364,13009,9141],{"href":13010},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[364,13012,9378],{"href":13013},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[31,13015,2153],{"id":2152},[36,13017,13019],{"className":38,"code":13018,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[18,13020,13021],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13022,13023,13026,13028,13031,13033,13035],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13024,13025],{"class":51},"new_dict ",[45,13027,56],{"class":55},[45,13029,13030],{"class":51}," old_dict",[45,13032,102],{"class":59},[45,13034,12898],{"class":105},[45,13036,8627],{"class":59},[14,13038,13039],{},"Key points:",[157,13041,13042,13046,13049],{},[160,13043,13044,11454],{},[18,13045,12763],{},[160,13047,13048],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[160,13050,13051],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,13053,345],{},[36,13055,13057],{"className":38,"code":13056,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,13058,13059,13099,13115,13119],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13060,13061,13063,13065,13067,13069,13071,13073,13075,13077,13079,13081,13083,13085,13087,13089,13091,13093,13095,13097],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13062,461],{"class":51},[45,13064,56],{"class":55},[45,13066,10477],{"class":59},[45,13068,64],{"class":63},[45,13070,364],{"class":67},[45,13072,64],{"class":63},[45,13074,1111],{"class":59},[45,13076,76],{"class":63},[45,13078,470],{"class":67},[45,13080,64],{"class":63},[45,13082,73],{"class":59},[45,13084,76],{"class":63},[45,13086,373],{"class":67},[45,13088,64],{"class":63},[45,13090,1111],{"class":59},[45,13092,76],{"class":63},[45,13094,479],{"class":67},[45,13096,64],{"class":63},[45,13098,9295],{"class":59},[45,13100,13101,13104,13106,13109,13111,13113],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,13102,13103],{"class":51},"new_colors ",[45,13105,56],{"class":55},[45,13107,13108],{"class":51}," colors",[45,13110,102],{"class":59},[45,13112,12898],{"class":105},[45,13114,8627],{"class":59},[45,13116,13117],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,13118,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,13120,13121,13123,13125,13128],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,13122,125],{"class":124},[45,13124,109],{"class":59},[45,13126,13127],{"class":105},"new_colors",[45,13129,118],{"class":59},[14,13131,13132],{},[26,13133,268],{},[36,13135,13137],{"className":38,"code":13136,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[18,13138,13139],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13140,13141,13143,13145,13147,13149,13151,13153,13155,13157,13159,13161,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171,13173],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13142,9264],{"class":59},[45,13144,429],{"class":63},[45,13146,364],{"class":67},[45,13148,429],{"class":63},[45,13150,1111],{"class":59},[45,13152,438],{"class":63},[45,13154,470],{"class":67},[45,13156,429],{"class":63},[45,13158,73],{"class":59},[45,13160,438],{"class":63},[45,13162,373],{"class":67},[45,13164,429],{"class":63},[45,13166,1111],{"class":59},[45,13168,438],{"class":63},[45,13170,479],{"class":67},[45,13172,429],{"class":63},[45,13174,9295],{"class":59},[31,13176,11464],{"id":11463},[14,13178,13179],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[36,13181,13183],{"className":38,"code":13182,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[18,13184,13185,13223,13239,13243,13265,13269,13288],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13186,13187,13190,13192,13194,13196,13198,13200,13202,13204,13207,13209,13211,13213,13215,13217,13219,13221],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13188,13189],{"class":51},"person ",[45,13191,56],{"class":55},[45,13193,10477],{"class":59},[45,13195,64],{"class":63},[45,13197,7656],{"class":67},[45,13199,64],{"class":63},[45,13201,1111],{"class":59},[45,13203,76],{"class":63},[45,13205,13206],{"class":67},"Liam",[45,13208,64],{"class":63},[45,13210,73],{"class":59},[45,13212,76],{"class":63},[45,13214,9285],{"class":67},[45,13216,64],{"class":63},[45,13218,1111],{"class":59},[45,13220,9292],{"class":202},[45,13222,9295],{"class":59},[45,13224,13225,13228,13230,13233,13235,13237],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,13226,13227],{"class":51},"person_copy ",[45,13229,56],{"class":55},[45,13231,13232],{"class":51}," person",[45,13234,102],{"class":59},[45,13236,12898],{"class":105},[45,13238,8627],{"class":59},[45,13240,13241],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,13242,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,13244,13245,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13259,13262],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,13246,13247],{"class":51},"person_copy",[45,13249,278],{"class":59},[45,13251,64],{"class":63},[45,13253,9285],{"class":67},[45,13255,64],{"class":63},[45,13257,13258],{"class":59},"]",[45,13260,13261],{"class":55}," =",[45,13263,13264],{"class":202}," 26\n",[45,13266,13267],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,13268,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,13270,13271,13273,13275,13277,13280,13282,13284,13286],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,13272,125],{"class":124},[45,13274,109],{"class":59},[45,13276,64],{"class":63},[45,13278,13279],{"class":67},"Original:",[45,13281,64],{"class":63},[45,13283,73],{"class":59},[45,13285,13232],{"class":105},[45,13287,118],{"class":59},[45,13289,13290,13292,13294,13296,13299,13301,13303,13306],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,13291,125],{"class":124},[45,13293,109],{"class":59},[45,13295,64],{"class":63},[45,13297,13298],{"class":67},"Copy:",[45,13300,64],{"class":63},[45,13302,73],{"class":59},[45,13304,13305],{"class":105}," person_copy",[45,13307,118],{"class":59},[14,13309,13310],{},[26,13311,268],{},[36,13313,13315],{"className":38,"code":13314,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[18,13316,13317,13354],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13318,13319,13322,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332,13334,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344,13346,13348,13350,13352],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13320,13321],{"class":51},"Original",[45,13323,1111],{"class":59},[45,13325,10477],{"class":59},[45,13327,429],{"class":63},[45,13329,7656],{"class":67},[45,13331,429],{"class":63},[45,13333,1111],{"class":59},[45,13335,438],{"class":63},[45,13337,13206],{"class":67},[45,13339,429],{"class":63},[45,13341,73],{"class":59},[45,13343,438],{"class":63},[45,13345,9285],{"class":67},[45,13347,429],{"class":63},[45,13349,1111],{"class":59},[45,13351,9292],{"class":202},[45,13353,9295],{"class":59},[45,13355,13356,13359,13361,13363,13365,13367,13369,13371,13373,13375,13377,13379,13381,13383,13385,13387,13390],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,13357,13358],{"class":51},"Copy",[45,13360,1111],{"class":59},[45,13362,10477],{"class":59},[45,13364,429],{"class":63},[45,13366,7656],{"class":67},[45,13368,429],{"class":63},[45,13370,1111],{"class":59},[45,13372,438],{"class":63},[45,13374,13206],{"class":67},[45,13376,429],{"class":63},[45,13378,73],{"class":59},[45,13380,438],{"class":63},[45,13382,9285],{"class":67},[45,13384,429],{"class":63},[45,13386,1111],{"class":59},[45,13388,13389],{"class":202}," 26",[45,13391,9295],{"class":59},[14,13393,13394],{},"What happened here:",[157,13396,13397,13403,13410],{},[160,13398,13399,13402],{},[18,13400,13401],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[160,13404,13405,13406,13409],{},"Changing ",[18,13407,13408],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[160,13411,13412],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13414,13415],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[31,13417,13419],{"id":13418},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13421,13422,12834,13424,102],{},[18,13423,12763],{},[26,13425,12837],{},[14,13427,2101],{},[157,13429,13430,13433,13436],{},[160,13431,13432],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[160,13434,13435],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[160,13437,13438],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13440,345],{},[36,13442,13444],{"className":38,"code":13443,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[18,13445,13446,13454,13472,13495,13499,13503,13517,13521,13546,13550,13568,13587,13602],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13447,13448,13450,13452],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13449,12850],{"class":51},[45,13451,56],{"class":55},[45,13453,11482],{"class":59},[45,13455,13456,13458,13460,13462,13464,13466,13468,13470],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,13457,11487],{"class":63},[45,13459,7656],{"class":67},[45,13461,64],{"class":63},[45,13463,1111],{"class":59},[45,13465,76],{"class":63},[45,13467,12867],{"class":67},[45,13469,64],{"class":63},[45,13471,11503],{"class":59},[45,13473,13474,13476,13479,13481,13483,13485,13488,13490,13493],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,13475,11487],{"class":63},[45,13477,13478],{"class":67},"grades",[45,13480,64],{"class":63},[45,13482,1111],{"class":59},[45,13484,60],{"class":59},[45,13486,13487],{"class":202},"90",[45,13489,73],{"class":59},[45,13491,13492],{"class":202}," 85",[45,13494,93],{"class":59},[45,13496,13497],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,13498,9295],{"class":59},[45,13500,13501],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,13502,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,13504,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13515],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,13506,12888],{"class":51},[45,13508,56],{"class":55},[45,13510,12893],{"class":51},[45,13512,102],{"class":59},[45,13514,12898],{"class":105},[45,13516,8627],{"class":59},[45,13518,13519],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,13520,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,13522,13523,13525,13527,13529,13531,13533,13536,13539,13541,13544],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,13524,12913],{"class":51},[45,13526,278],{"class":59},[45,13528,64],{"class":63},[45,13530,13478],{"class":67},[45,13532,64],{"class":63},[45,13534,13535],{"class":59},"].",[45,13537,13538],{"class":105},"append",[45,13540,109],{"class":59},[45,13542,13543],{"class":202},"100",[45,13545,118],{"class":59},[45,13547,13548],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,13549,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,13551,13552,13554,13556,13558,13560,13562,13564,13566],{"class":47,"line":6423},[45,13553,125],{"class":124},[45,13555,109],{"class":59},[45,13557,64],{"class":63},[45,13559,13279],{"class":67},[45,13561,64],{"class":63},[45,13563,73],{"class":59},[45,13565,12893],{"class":105},[45,13567,118],{"class":59},[45,13569,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13585],{"class":47,"line":11584},[45,13571,125],{"class":124},[45,13573,109],{"class":59},[45,13575,64],{"class":63},[45,13577,13298],{"class":67},[45,13579,64],{"class":63},[45,13581,73],{"class":59},[45,13583,13584],{"class":105}," student_copy",[45,13586,118],{"class":59},[45,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13598,13600],{"class":47,"line":13589},12,[45,13591,125],{"class":124},[45,13593,109],{"class":59},[45,13595,12850],{"class":105},[45,13597,12182],{"class":969},[45,13599,13584],{"class":105},[45,13601,118],{"class":59},[45,13603,13605,13607,13609,13612,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628,13630,13632,13634],{"class":47,"line":13604},13,[45,13606,125],{"class":124},[45,13608,109],{"class":59},[45,13610,13611],{"class":105},"student",[45,13613,278],{"class":59},[45,13615,64],{"class":63},[45,13617,13478],{"class":67},[45,13619,64],{"class":63},[45,13621,13258],{"class":59},[45,13623,8082],{"class":969},[45,13625,13584],{"class":105},[45,13627,278],{"class":59},[45,13629,64],{"class":63},[45,13631,13478],{"class":67},[45,13633,64],{"class":63},[45,13635,3880],{"class":59},[14,13637,13638],{},[26,13639,268],{},[36,13641,13643],{"className":38,"code":13642,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,13644,13645,13692,13738,13742],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13646,13647,13649,13651,13653,13655,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13648,13321],{"class":51},[45,13650,1111],{"class":59},[45,13652,10477],{"class":59},[45,13654,429],{"class":63},[45,13656,7656],{"class":67},[45,13658,429],{"class":63},[45,13660,1111],{"class":59},[45,13662,438],{"class":63},[45,13664,12867],{"class":67},[45,13666,429],{"class":63},[45,13668,73],{"class":59},[45,13670,438],{"class":63},[45,13672,13478],{"class":67},[45,13674,429],{"class":63},[45,13676,1111],{"class":59},[45,13678,60],{"class":59},[45,13680,13487],{"class":202},[45,13682,73],{"class":59},[45,13684,13492],{"class":202},[45,13686,73],{"class":59},[45,13688,10104],{"class":202},[45,13690,13691],{"class":59},"]}\n",[45,13693,13694,13696,13698,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726,13728,13730,13732,13734,13736],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,13695,13358],{"class":51},[45,13697,1111],{"class":59},[45,13699,10477],{"class":59},[45,13701,429],{"class":63},[45,13703,7656],{"class":67},[45,13705,429],{"class":63},[45,13707,1111],{"class":59},[45,13709,438],{"class":63},[45,13711,12867],{"class":67},[45,13713,429],{"class":63},[45,13715,73],{"class":59},[45,13717,438],{"class":63},[45,13719,13478],{"class":67},[45,13721,429],{"class":63},[45,13723,1111],{"class":59},[45,13725,60],{"class":59},[45,13727,13487],{"class":202},[45,13729,73],{"class":59},[45,13731,13492],{"class":202},[45,13733,73],{"class":59},[45,13735,10104],{"class":202},[45,13737,13691],{"class":59},[45,13739,13740],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,13741,4032],{"class":291},[45,13743,13744],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,13745,3971],{"class":291},[14,13747,13748],{},"Notice the difference:",[157,13750,13751,13759],{},[160,13752,13753,4774,13756,13758],{},[18,13754,13755],{},"student is student_copy",[18,13757,3667],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[160,13760,13761,4774,13764,13766],{},[18,13762,13763],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[18,13765,3598],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,13768,13769],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,13771,13772,13773,102],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[364,13774,13776],{"href":13775},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[31,13778,4952,13780],{"id":13779},"when-to-use-copy",[18,13781,12763],{},[14,13783,141,13784,10588],{},[18,13785,12763],{},[157,13787,13788,13791,13794,13797],{},[160,13789,13790],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[160,13792,13793],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[160,13795,13796],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[160,13798,13799],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,13801,345],{},[36,13803,13805],{"className":38,"code":13804,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[18,13806,13807,13846,13862,13866,13886,13890,13909],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13808,13809,13812,13814,13816,13818,13820,13822,13824,13826,13828,13830,13832,13834,13837,13839,13841,13844],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13810,13811],{"class":51},"settings ",[45,13813,56],{"class":55},[45,13815,10477],{"class":59},[45,13817,64],{"class":63},[45,13819,12483],{"class":67},[45,13821,64],{"class":63},[45,13823,1111],{"class":59},[45,13825,76],{"class":63},[45,13827,12492],{"class":67},[45,13829,64],{"class":63},[45,13831,73],{"class":59},[45,13833,76],{"class":63},[45,13835,13836],{"class":67},"font_size",[45,13838,64],{"class":63},[45,13840,1111],{"class":59},[45,13842,13843],{"class":202}," 14",[45,13845,9295],{"class":59},[45,13847,13848,13851,13853,13856,13858,13860],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,13849,13850],{"class":51},"settings_backup ",[45,13852,56],{"class":55},[45,13854,13855],{"class":51}," settings",[45,13857,102],{"class":59},[45,13859,12898],{"class":105},[45,13861,8627],{"class":59},[45,13863,13864],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,13865,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,13867,13868,13871,13873,13875,13877,13879,13881,13883],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,13869,13870],{"class":51},"settings",[45,13872,278],{"class":59},[45,13874,64],{"class":63},[45,13876,13836],{"class":67},[45,13878,64],{"class":63},[45,13880,13258],{"class":59},[45,13882,13261],{"class":55},[45,13884,13885],{"class":202}," 16\n",[45,13887,13888],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,13889,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,13891,13892,13894,13896,13898,13901,13903,13905,13907],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,13893,125],{"class":124},[45,13895,109],{"class":59},[45,13897,64],{"class":63},[45,13899,13900],{"class":67},"Current:",[45,13902,64],{"class":63},[45,13904,73],{"class":59},[45,13906,13855],{"class":105},[45,13908,118],{"class":59},[45,13910,13911,13913,13915,13917,13920,13922,13924,13927],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,13912,125],{"class":124},[45,13914,109],{"class":59},[45,13916,64],{"class":63},[45,13918,13919],{"class":67},"Backup:",[45,13921,64],{"class":63},[45,13923,73],{"class":59},[45,13925,13926],{"class":105}," settings_backup",[45,13928,118],{"class":59},[14,13930,13931],{},[26,13932,268],{},[36,13934,13936],{"className":38,"code":13935,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[18,13937,13938,13976],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13939,13940,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971,13974],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13941,13942],{"class":51},"Current",[45,13944,1111],{"class":59},[45,13946,10477],{"class":59},[45,13948,429],{"class":63},[45,13950,12483],{"class":67},[45,13952,429],{"class":63},[45,13954,1111],{"class":59},[45,13956,438],{"class":63},[45,13958,12492],{"class":67},[45,13960,429],{"class":63},[45,13962,73],{"class":59},[45,13964,438],{"class":63},[45,13966,13836],{"class":67},[45,13968,429],{"class":63},[45,13970,1111],{"class":59},[45,13972,13973],{"class":202}," 16",[45,13975,9295],{"class":59},[45,13977,13978,13981,13983,13985,13987,13989,13991,13993,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,13979,13980],{"class":51},"Backup",[45,13982,1111],{"class":59},[45,13984,10477],{"class":59},[45,13986,429],{"class":63},[45,13988,12483],{"class":67},[45,13990,429],{"class":63},[45,13992,1111],{"class":59},[45,13994,438],{"class":63},[45,13996,12492],{"class":67},[45,13998,429],{"class":63},[45,14000,73],{"class":59},[45,14002,438],{"class":63},[45,14004,13836],{"class":67},[45,14006,429],{"class":63},[45,14008,1111],{"class":59},[45,14010,13843],{"class":202},[45,14012,9295],{"class":59},[14,14014,14015,14016,1742,14022,102],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[364,14017,14019],{"href":14018},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[18,14020,14021],{},"dict.update()",[364,14023,14024],{"href":12810},[18,14025,11316],{},[31,14027,14029,14031],{"id":14028},"copy-vs-assignment",[18,14030,12763],{}," vs assignment",[14,14033,14034],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,14036,1736,14037,14039,14040,14042],{},[18,14038,56],{}," does ",[26,14041,178],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1864,14044,14046],{"id":14045},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[36,14048,14050],{"className":38,"code":14049,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[18,14051,14052,14084,14093,14097,14117,14121,14139,14159],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14053,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14055,12074],{"class":51},[45,14057,56],{"class":55},[45,14059,10477],{"class":59},[45,14061,64],{"class":63},[45,14063,1123],{"class":67},[45,14065,64],{"class":63},[45,14067,1111],{"class":59},[45,14069,5488],{"class":202},[45,14071,73],{"class":59},[45,14073,76],{"class":63},[45,14075,11734],{"class":67},[45,14077,64],{"class":63},[45,14079,1111],{"class":59},[45,14081,208],{"class":202},[45,14083,9295],{"class":59},[45,14085,14086,14089,14091],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,14087,14088],{"class":51},"assigned ",[45,14090,56],{"class":55},[45,14092,12112],{"class":51},[45,14094,14095],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,14096,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,14098,14099,14102,14104,14106,14108,14110,14112,14114],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,14100,14101],{"class":51},"assigned",[45,14103,278],{"class":59},[45,14105,64],{"class":63},[45,14107,1123],{"class":67},[45,14109,64],{"class":63},[45,14111,13258],{"class":59},[45,14113,13261],{"class":55},[45,14115,14116],{"class":202}," 99\n",[45,14118,14119],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,14120,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,14122,14123,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133,14135,14137],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,14124,125],{"class":124},[45,14126,109],{"class":59},[45,14128,64],{"class":63},[45,14130,13279],{"class":67},[45,14132,64],{"class":63},[45,14134,73],{"class":59},[45,14136,12149],{"class":105},[45,14138,118],{"class":59},[45,14140,14141,14143,14145,14147,14150,14152,14154,14157],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,14142,125],{"class":124},[45,14144,109],{"class":59},[45,14146,64],{"class":63},[45,14148,14149],{"class":67},"Assigned:",[45,14151,64],{"class":63},[45,14153,73],{"class":59},[45,14155,14156],{"class":105}," assigned",[45,14158,118],{"class":59},[45,14160,14161,14163,14165,14167,14169,14171],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,14162,125],{"class":124},[45,14164,109],{"class":59},[45,14166,12074],{"class":105},[45,14168,12182],{"class":969},[45,14170,14156],{"class":105},[45,14172,118],{"class":59},[14,14174,14175],{},[26,14176,268],{},[36,14178,14180],{"className":38,"code":14179,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[18,14181,14182,14214,14247],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14183,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14185,13321],{"class":51},[45,14187,1111],{"class":59},[45,14189,10477],{"class":59},[45,14191,429],{"class":63},[45,14193,1123],{"class":67},[45,14195,429],{"class":63},[45,14197,1111],{"class":59},[45,14199,10183],{"class":202},[45,14201,73],{"class":59},[45,14203,438],{"class":63},[45,14205,11734],{"class":67},[45,14207,429],{"class":63},[45,14209,1111],{"class":59},[45,14211,208],{"class":202},[45,14213,9295],{"class":59},[45,14215,14216,14219,14221,14223,14225,14227,14229,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,14217,14218],{"class":51},"Assigned",[45,14220,1111],{"class":59},[45,14222,10477],{"class":59},[45,14224,429],{"class":63},[45,14226,1123],{"class":67},[45,14228,429],{"class":63},[45,14230,1111],{"class":59},[45,14232,10183],{"class":202},[45,14234,73],{"class":59},[45,14236,438],{"class":63},[45,14238,11734],{"class":67},[45,14240,429],{"class":63},[45,14242,1111],{"class":59},[45,14244,208],{"class":202},[45,14246,9295],{"class":59},[45,14248,14249],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,14250,3971],{"class":291},[1864,14252,1736,14254],{"id":14253},"using-copy",[18,14255,12763],{},[36,14257,14259],{"className":38,"code":14258,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,14260,14261,14293,14308,14312,14331,14335,14353,14373],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14262,14263,14265,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277,14279,14281,14283,14285,14287,14289,14291],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14264,12074],{"class":51},[45,14266,56],{"class":55},[45,14268,10477],{"class":59},[45,14270,64],{"class":63},[45,14272,1123],{"class":67},[45,14274,64],{"class":63},[45,14276,1111],{"class":59},[45,14278,5488],{"class":202},[45,14280,73],{"class":59},[45,14282,76],{"class":63},[45,14284,11734],{"class":67},[45,14286,64],{"class":63},[45,14288,1111],{"class":59},[45,14290,208],{"class":202},[45,14292,9295],{"class":59},[45,14294,14295,14298,14300,14302,14304,14306],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,14296,14297],{"class":51},"copied ",[45,14299,56],{"class":55},[45,14301,12149],{"class":51},[45,14303,102],{"class":59},[45,14305,12898],{"class":105},[45,14307,8627],{"class":59},[45,14309,14310],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,14311,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,14313,14314,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327,14329],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,14315,14316],{"class":51},"copied",[45,14318,278],{"class":59},[45,14320,64],{"class":63},[45,14322,1123],{"class":67},[45,14324,64],{"class":63},[45,14326,13258],{"class":59},[45,14328,13261],{"class":55},[45,14330,14116],{"class":202},[45,14332,14333],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,14334,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,14336,14337,14339,14341,14343,14345,14347,14349,14351],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,14338,125],{"class":124},[45,14340,109],{"class":59},[45,14342,64],{"class":63},[45,14344,13279],{"class":67},[45,14346,64],{"class":63},[45,14348,73],{"class":59},[45,14350,12149],{"class":105},[45,14352,118],{"class":59},[45,14354,14355,14357,14359,14361,14364,14366,14368,14371],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,14356,125],{"class":124},[45,14358,109],{"class":59},[45,14360,64],{"class":63},[45,14362,14363],{"class":67},"Copied:",[45,14365,64],{"class":63},[45,14367,73],{"class":59},[45,14369,14370],{"class":105}," copied",[45,14372,118],{"class":59},[45,14374,14375,14377,14379,14381,14383,14385],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,14376,125],{"class":124},[45,14378,109],{"class":59},[45,14380,12074],{"class":105},[45,14382,12182],{"class":969},[45,14384,14370],{"class":105},[45,14386,118],{"class":59},[14,14388,14389],{},[26,14390,268],{},[36,14392,14394],{"className":38,"code":14393,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,14395,14396,14428,14461],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14397,14398,14400,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14399,13321],{"class":51},[45,14401,1111],{"class":59},[45,14403,10477],{"class":59},[45,14405,429],{"class":63},[45,14407,1123],{"class":67},[45,14409,429],{"class":63},[45,14411,1111],{"class":59},[45,14413,5488],{"class":202},[45,14415,73],{"class":59},[45,14417,438],{"class":63},[45,14419,11734],{"class":67},[45,14421,429],{"class":63},[45,14423,1111],{"class":59},[45,14425,208],{"class":202},[45,14427,9295],{"class":59},[45,14429,14430,14433,14435,14437,14439,14441,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,14431,14432],{"class":51},"Copied",[45,14434,1111],{"class":59},[45,14436,10477],{"class":59},[45,14438,429],{"class":63},[45,14440,1123],{"class":67},[45,14442,429],{"class":63},[45,14444,1111],{"class":59},[45,14446,10183],{"class":202},[45,14448,73],{"class":59},[45,14450,438],{"class":63},[45,14452,11734],{"class":67},[45,14454,429],{"class":63},[45,14456,1111],{"class":59},[45,14458,208],{"class":202},[45,14460,9295],{"class":59},[45,14462,14463],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,14464,4032],{"class":291},[14,14466,14467],{},"Summary:",[157,14469,14470,14476],{},[160,14471,14472,14475],{},[18,14473,14474],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[160,14477,14478,14481],{},[18,14479,14480],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[31,14483,14485],{"id":14484},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14487,14488,1111],{},[18,14489,12763],{},[157,14491,14492,14495,14498,14501],{},[160,14493,14494],{},"Returns a dictionary",[160,14496,14497],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[160,14499,14500],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[160,14502,14503],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14505,345],{},[36,14507,14509],{"className":38,"code":14508,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[18,14510,14511,14543,14559,14563,14581,14601,14605,14623],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14512,14513,14515,14517,14519,14521,14523,14525,14527,14529,14531,14533,14535,14537,14539,14541],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14514,9151],{"class":51},[45,14516,56],{"class":55},[45,14518,10477],{"class":59},[45,14520,64],{"class":63},[45,14522,364],{"class":67},[45,14524,64],{"class":63},[45,14526,1111],{"class":59},[45,14528,5488],{"class":202},[45,14530,73],{"class":59},[45,14532,76],{"class":63},[45,14534,373],{"class":67},[45,14536,64],{"class":63},[45,14538,1111],{"class":59},[45,14540,208],{"class":202},[45,14542,9295],{"class":59},[45,14544,14545,14548,14550,14553,14555,14557],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,14546,14547],{"class":51},"data_copy ",[45,14549,56],{"class":55},[45,14551,14552],{"class":51}," data",[45,14554,102],{"class":59},[45,14556,12898],{"class":105},[45,14558,8627],{"class":59},[45,14560,14561],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,14562,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,14564,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573,14575,14577,14579],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,14566,9190],{"class":51},[45,14568,278],{"class":59},[45,14570,64],{"class":63},[45,14572,364],{"class":67},[45,14574,64],{"class":63},[45,14576,13258],{"class":59},[45,14578,13261],{"class":55},[45,14580,2581],{"class":202},[45,14582,14583,14586,14588,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,14584,14585],{"class":51},"data_copy",[45,14587,278],{"class":59},[45,14589,64],{"class":63},[45,14591,373],{"class":67},[45,14593,64],{"class":63},[45,14595,13258],{"class":59},[45,14597,13261],{"class":55},[45,14599,14600],{"class":202}," 20\n",[45,14602,14603],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,14604,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,14606,14607,14609,14611,14613,14615,14617,14619,14621],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,14608,125],{"class":124},[45,14610,109],{"class":59},[45,14612,64],{"class":63},[45,14614,13279],{"class":67},[45,14616,64],{"class":63},[45,14618,73],{"class":59},[45,14620,14552],{"class":105},[45,14622,118],{"class":59},[45,14624,14625,14627,14629,14631,14633,14635,14637,14640],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,14626,125],{"class":124},[45,14628,109],{"class":59},[45,14630,64],{"class":63},[45,14632,13298],{"class":67},[45,14634,64],{"class":63},[45,14636,73],{"class":59},[45,14638,14639],{"class":105}," data_copy",[45,14641,118],{"class":59},[14,14643,14644],{},[26,14645,268],{},[36,14647,14649],{"className":38,"code":14648,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[18,14650,14651,14683],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14652,14653,14655,14657,14659,14661,14663,14665,14667,14669,14671,14673,14675,14677,14679,14681],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14654,13321],{"class":51},[45,14656,1111],{"class":59},[45,14658,10477],{"class":59},[45,14660,429],{"class":63},[45,14662,364],{"class":67},[45,14664,429],{"class":63},[45,14666,1111],{"class":59},[45,14668,5991],{"class":202},[45,14670,73],{"class":59},[45,14672,438],{"class":63},[45,14674,373],{"class":67},[45,14676,429],{"class":63},[45,14678,1111],{"class":59},[45,14680,208],{"class":202},[45,14682,9295],{"class":59},[45,14684,14685,14687,14689,14691,14693,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705,14707,14709,14711,14713],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,14686,13358],{"class":51},[45,14688,1111],{"class":59},[45,14690,10477],{"class":59},[45,14692,429],{"class":63},[45,14694,364],{"class":67},[45,14696,429],{"class":63},[45,14698,1111],{"class":59},[45,14700,5488],{"class":202},[45,14702,73],{"class":59},[45,14704,438],{"class":63},[45,14706,373],{"class":67},[45,14708,429],{"class":63},[45,14710,1111],{"class":59},[45,14712,590],{"class":202},[45,14714,9295],{"class":59},[31,14716,1709],{"id":1708},[14,14718,14719,14720,1111],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[18,14721,12423],{},[157,14723,14724,14731,14736,14741],{},[160,14725,1736,14726,11080,14728,14730],{},[18,14727,56],{},[18,14729,12763],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[160,14732,4570,14733,14735],{},[18,14734,12763],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[160,14737,14738,14739],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[18,14740,12763],{},[160,14742,14743],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14745,14746],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[36,14748,14750],{"className":38,"code":14749,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[18,14751,14752,14762,14772,14786,14809,14832],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14753,14754,14756,14758,14760],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14755,125],{"class":124},[45,14757,109],{"class":59},[45,14759,12121],{"class":105},[45,14761,118],{"class":59},[45,14763,14764,14766,14768,14770],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,14765,125],{"class":124},[45,14767,109],{"class":59},[45,14769,14316],{"class":105},[45,14771,118],{"class":59},[45,14773,14774,14776,14778,14780,14782,14784],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,14775,125],{"class":124},[45,14777,109],{"class":59},[45,14779,12074],{"class":105},[45,14781,12182],{"class":969},[45,14783,14370],{"class":105},[45,14785,118],{"class":59},[45,14787,14788,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800,14803,14805,14807],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,14789,125],{"class":124},[45,14791,109],{"class":59},[45,14793,12637],{"class":124},[45,14795,109],{"class":59},[45,14797,12121],{"class":105},[45,14799,9219],{"class":59},[45,14801,14802],{"class":124}," id",[45,14804,109],{"class":59},[45,14806,14316],{"class":105},[45,14808,1802],{"class":59},[45,14810,14811,14813,14815,14817,14819,14821,14823,14825,14828,14830],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,14812,125],{"class":124},[45,14814,109],{"class":59},[45,14816,12637],{"class":124},[45,14818,109],{"class":59},[45,14820,12121],{"class":105},[45,14822,278],{"class":59},[45,14824,64],{"class":63},[45,14826,14827],{"class":67},"key",[45,14829,64],{"class":63},[45,14831,2992],{"class":59},[45,14833,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842,14844,14846,14848,14850,14852],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,14835,125],{"class":124},[45,14837,109],{"class":59},[45,14839,12637],{"class":124},[45,14841,109],{"class":59},[45,14843,14316],{"class":105},[45,14845,278],{"class":59},[45,14847,64],{"class":63},[45,14849,14827],{"class":67},[45,14851,64],{"class":63},[45,14853,2992],{"class":59},[14,14855,14856],{},"What these help you check:",[157,14858,14859,14862,14865],{},[160,14860,14861],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[160,14863,14864],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[160,14866,14867],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,14869,14870,14871,102],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[364,14872,14874],{"href":14873},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[31,14876,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,14878,175,14880,14882],{"id":14879},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,14881,12423],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,14884,14885],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1864,14887,14889,14890,14892],{"id":14888},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[18,14891,12423],{}," a deep copy?",[14,14894,14895],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1864,14897,5170,14899,1301,14901,2485],{"id":14898},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[18,14900,12763],{},[18,14902,56],{},[14,14904,14905,14907,14908,14910],{},[18,14906,12763],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[18,14909,56],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1864,14912,14914],{"id":14913},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,14916,14917],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[31,14919,1909],{"id":1908},[157,14921,14922,14926,14930,14934,14941,14947],{},[160,14923,14924],{},[364,14925,11231],{"href":13013},[160,14927,14928],{},[364,14929,9141],{"href":13010},[160,14931,14932],{},[364,14933,13776],{"href":13775},[160,14935,14936],{},[364,14937,10724,14938,10728],{"href":14018},[18,14939,14940],{},"update()",[160,14942,14943],{},[364,14944,10724,14945,10728],{"href":12810},[18,14946,11310],{},[160,14948,14949],{},[364,14950,14951],{"href":14873},"How to copy a list in Python",[1936,14953,14954],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":14956},[14957,14958,14960,14961,14962,14963,14965,14971,14972,14973,14982],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":12982,"depth":96,"text":14959},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":13418,"depth":96,"text":13419},{"id":13779,"depth":96,"text":14964},"When to use copy()",{"id":14028,"depth":96,"text":14966,"children":14967},"copy() vs assignment",[14968,14969],{"id":14045,"depth":121,"text":14046},{"id":14253,"depth":121,"text":14970},"Using copy()",{"id":14484,"depth":96,"text":14485},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":14974},[14975,14977,14979,14981],{"id":14879,"depth":121,"text":14976},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14888,"depth":121,"text":14978},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14898,"depth":121,"text":14980},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14913,"depth":121,"text":14914},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12816,"description":14983},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14990,"title":14991,"body":14992,"description":17189,"extension":1958,"meta":17190,"navigation":241,"path":13013,"seo":17191,"stem":17192,"__hash__":17193},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14993,"toc":17151},[14994,14997,15003,15012,15014,15090,15094,15143,15146,15150,15164,15167,15171,15184,15187,15220,15234,15237,15249,15253,15256,15264,15344,15348,15401,15405,15423,15425,15507,15510,15512,15515,15518,15541,15565,15569,15577,15580,15584,15593,15598,15656,15660,15693,15699,15705,15708,15763,15767,15817,15820,15826,15829,15837,15839,15884,15889,15898,15901,15904,15951,15953,15958,15961,16055,16059,16112,16115,16171,16174,16178,16181,16195,16199,16265,16269,16294,16297,16301,16378,16382,16385,16388,16408,16411,16463,16467,16470,16473,16486,16488,16577,16584,16587,16598,16600,16603,16623,16627,16630,16639,16642,16681,16685,16687,16696,16705,16707,16745,16749,16796,16800,16821,16825,16828,16940,16945,17043,17065,17067,17071,17078,17082,17088,17092,17095,17099,17102,17109,17117,17119,17145,17148],[10,14995,14991],{"id":14996},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,14998,14999,15000,15002],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[26,15001,9117],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,15004,15005,15006,1742,15008,102],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[364,15007,9141],{"href":9140},[364,15009,15011],{"href":15010},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[31,15013,34],{"id":33},[36,15015,15017],{"className":38,"code":15016,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15018,15019,15027,15045,15059,15072,15076,15080],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15020,15021,15023,15025],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15022,12850],{"class":51},[45,15024,56],{"class":55},[45,15026,11482],{"class":59},[45,15028,15029,15031,15033,15035,15037,15039,15041,15043],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,15030,11487],{"class":63},[45,15032,7656],{"class":67},[45,15034,64],{"class":63},[45,15036,1111],{"class":59},[45,15038,76],{"class":63},[45,15040,12867],{"class":67},[45,15042,64],{"class":63},[45,15044,11503],{"class":59},[45,15046,15047,15049,15051,15053,15055,15057],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,15048,11487],{"class":63},[45,15050,9285],{"class":67},[45,15052,64],{"class":63},[45,15054,1111],{"class":59},[45,15056,590],{"class":202},[45,15058,11503],{"class":59},[45,15060,15061,15063,15066,15068,15070],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,15062,11487],{"class":63},[45,15064,15065],{"class":67},"is_active",[45,15067,64],{"class":63},[45,15069,1111],{"class":59},[45,15071,6409],{"class":291},[45,15073,15074],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,15075,9295],{"class":59},[45,15077,15078],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,15079,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,15081,15082,15084,15086,15088],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,15083,125],{"class":124},[45,15085,109],{"class":59},[45,15087,13611],{"class":105},[45,15089,118],{"class":59},[14,15091,15092],{},[26,15093,268],{},[36,15095,15097],{"className":38,"code":15096,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[18,15098,15099],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15100,15101,15103,15105,15107,15109,15111,15113,15115,15117,15119,15121,15123,15125,15127,15129,15131,15133,15135,15137,15139,15141],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15102,9264],{"class":59},[45,15104,429],{"class":63},[45,15106,7656],{"class":67},[45,15108,429],{"class":63},[45,15110,1111],{"class":59},[45,15112,438],{"class":63},[45,15114,12867],{"class":67},[45,15116,429],{"class":63},[45,15118,73],{"class":59},[45,15120,438],{"class":63},[45,15122,9285],{"class":67},[45,15124,429],{"class":63},[45,15126,1111],{"class":59},[45,15128,590],{"class":202},[45,15130,73],{"class":59},[45,15132,438],{"class":63},[45,15134,15065],{"class":67},[45,15136,429],{"class":63},[45,15138,1111],{"class":59},[45,15140,3907],{"class":291},[45,15142,9295],{"class":59},[14,15144,15145],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[31,15147,15149],{"id":15148},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[157,15151,15152,15155,15158,15161],{},[160,15153,15154],{},"What a dictionary is",[160,15156,15157],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[160,15159,15160],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[160,15162,15163],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[31,15165,15154],{"id":15166},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,15168,9114,15169,102],{},[26,15170,9117],{},[157,15172,15173,15179],{},[160,15174,15175,15176,15178],{},"A ",[26,15177,14827],{}," is the label",[160,15180,15175,15181,15183],{},[26,15182,28],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,15185,15186],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[36,15188,15190],{"className":38,"code":15189,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[18,15191,15192,15200,15216],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15193,15194,15196,15198],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15195,12850],{"class":51},[45,15197,56],{"class":55},[45,15199,11482],{"class":59},[45,15201,15202,15204,15206,15208,15210,15212,15214],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,15203,11487],{"class":63},[45,15205,7656],{"class":67},[45,15207,64],{"class":63},[45,15209,1111],{"class":59},[45,15211,76],{"class":63},[45,15213,12867],{"class":67},[45,15215,1194],{"class":63},[45,15217,15218],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,15219,9295],{"class":59},[157,15221,15222,15228],{},[160,15223,15224,15227],{},[18,15225,15226],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[160,15229,15230,15233],{},[18,15231,15232],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15235,15236],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[157,15238,15239,15241,15243,15246],{},[160,15240,7656],{},[160,15242,9285],{},[160,15244,15245],{},"email",[160,15247,15248],{},"country",[31,15250,15252],{"id":15251},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15254,15255],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15257,141,15258,15260,15261,102],{},[18,15259,3785],{}," and write each item as ",[18,15262,15263],{},"key: value",[36,15265,15267],{"className":38,"code":15266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15268,15269,15277,15295,15309,15326,15330,15334],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15270,15271,15273,15275],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15272,12850],{"class":51},[45,15274,56],{"class":55},[45,15276,11482],{"class":59},[45,15278,15279,15281,15283,15285,15287,15289,15291,15293],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,15280,11487],{"class":63},[45,15282,7656],{"class":67},[45,15284,64],{"class":63},[45,15286,1111],{"class":59},[45,15288,76],{"class":63},[45,15290,12867],{"class":67},[45,15292,64],{"class":63},[45,15294,11503],{"class":59},[45,15296,15297,15299,15301,15303,15305,15307],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,15298,11487],{"class":63},[45,15300,9285],{"class":67},[45,15302,64],{"class":63},[45,15304,1111],{"class":59},[45,15306,590],{"class":202},[45,15308,11503],{"class":59},[45,15310,15311,15313,15316,15318,15320,15322,15324],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,15312,11487],{"class":63},[45,15314,15315],{"class":67},"course",[45,15317,64],{"class":63},[45,15319,1111],{"class":59},[45,15321,76],{"class":63},[45,15323,7284],{"class":67},[45,15325,1194],{"class":63},[45,15327,15328],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,15329,9295],{"class":59},[45,15331,15332],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,15333,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,15335,15336,15338,15340,15342],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,15337,125],{"class":124},[45,15339,109],{"class":59},[45,15341,13611],{"class":105},[45,15343,118],{"class":59},[14,15345,15346],{},[26,15347,268],{},[36,15349,15351],{"className":38,"code":15350,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[18,15352,15353],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15354,15355,15357,15359,15361,15363,15365,15367,15369,15371,15373,15375,15377,15379,15381,15383,15385,15387,15389,15391,15393,15395,15397,15399],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15356,9264],{"class":59},[45,15358,429],{"class":63},[45,15360,7656],{"class":67},[45,15362,429],{"class":63},[45,15364,1111],{"class":59},[45,15366,438],{"class":63},[45,15368,12867],{"class":67},[45,15370,429],{"class":63},[45,15372,73],{"class":59},[45,15374,438],{"class":63},[45,15376,9285],{"class":67},[45,15378,429],{"class":63},[45,15380,1111],{"class":59},[45,15382,590],{"class":202},[45,15384,73],{"class":59},[45,15386,438],{"class":63},[45,15388,15315],{"class":67},[45,15390,429],{"class":63},[45,15392,1111],{"class":59},[45,15394,438],{"class":63},[45,15396,7284],{"class":67},[45,15398,429],{"class":63},[45,15400,9295],{"class":59},[1864,15402,15404],{"id":15403},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[157,15406,15407,15412,15417,15420],{},[160,15408,141,15409,15411],{},[18,15410,3785],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[160,15413,15414,15415],{},"Write each item as ",[18,15416,15263],{},[160,15418,15419],{},"Separate items with commas",[160,15421,15422],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15424,345],{},[36,15426,15428],{"className":38,"code":15427,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[18,15429,15430,15439,15459,15475,15488,15492,15496],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15431,15432,15435,15437],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15433,15434],{"class":51},"book ",[45,15436,56],{"class":55},[45,15438,11482],{"class":59},[45,15440,15441,15443,15446,15448,15450,15452,15455,15457],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,15442,11487],{"class":63},[45,15444,15445],{"class":67},"title",[45,15447,64],{"class":63},[45,15449,1111],{"class":59},[45,15451,76],{"class":63},[45,15453,15454],{"class":67},"Python Basics",[45,15456,64],{"class":63},[45,15458,11503],{"class":59},[45,15460,15461,15463,15466,15468,15470,15473],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,15462,11487],{"class":63},[45,15464,15465],{"class":67},"pages",[45,15467,64],{"class":63},[45,15469,1111],{"class":59},[45,15471,15472],{"class":202}," 150",[45,15474,11503],{"class":59},[45,15476,15477,15479,15482,15484,15486],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,15478,11487],{"class":63},[45,15480,15481],{"class":67},"available",[45,15483,64],{"class":63},[45,15485,1111],{"class":59},[45,15487,6409],{"class":291},[45,15489,15490],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,15491,9295],{"class":59},[45,15493,15494],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,15495,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,15497,15498,15500,15502,15505],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,15499,125],{"class":124},[45,15501,109],{"class":59},[45,15503,15504],{"class":105},"book",[45,15506,118],{"class":59},[14,15508,15509],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[31,15511,9389],{"id":9388},[14,15513,15514],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15516,15517],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[36,15519,15521],{"className":38,"code":15520,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[18,15522,15523,15531],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15524,15525,15527,15529],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15526,9151],{"class":51},[45,15528,56],{"class":55},[45,15530,9824],{"class":59},[45,15532,15533,15535,15537,15539],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,15534,125],{"class":124},[45,15536,109],{"class":59},[45,15538,9190],{"class":105},[45,15540,118],{"class":59},[36,15542,15543],{"className":38,"code":9392,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,15544,15545,15555],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15546,15547,15549,15551,15553],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15548,9151],{"class":51},[45,15550,56],{"class":55},[45,15552,9156],{"class":315},[45,15554,8627],{"class":59},[45,15556,15557,15559,15561,15563],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,15558,125],{"class":124},[45,15560,109],{"class":59},[45,15562,9190],{"class":105},[45,15564,118],{"class":59},[14,15566,15567],{},[26,15568,268],{},[36,15570,15571],{"className":38,"code":9421,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,15572,15573],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15574,15575],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15576,9421],{"class":59},[14,15578,15579],{},"Both are correct.",[1864,15581,15583],{"id":15582},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15585,15586,15588,15589,15592],{},[18,15587,3785],{}," creates an empty ",[26,15590,15591],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15594,15595,15596,102],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[18,15597,3790],{},[36,15599,15601],{"className":38,"code":15600,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[18,15602,15603,15611,15623,15627,15641],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15604,15605,15607,15609],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15606,11713],{"class":51},[45,15608,56],{"class":55},[45,15610,9824],{"class":59},[45,15612,15613,15616,15618,15621],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,15614,15615],{"class":51},"my_set ",[45,15617,56],{"class":55},[45,15619,15620],{"class":315}," set",[45,15622,8627],{"class":59},[45,15624,15625],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,15626,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,15628,15629,15631,15633,15635,15637,15639],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,15630,125],{"class":124},[45,15632,109],{"class":59},[45,15634,1811],{"class":315},[45,15636,109],{"class":59},[45,15638,11438],{"class":105},[45,15640,1802],{"class":59},[45,15642,15643,15645,15647,15649,15651,15654],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,15644,125],{"class":124},[45,15646,109],{"class":59},[45,15648,1811],{"class":315},[45,15650,109],{"class":59},[45,15652,15653],{"class":105},"my_set",[45,15655,1802],{"class":59},[14,15657,15658],{},[26,15659,268],{},[36,15661,15663],{"className":38,"code":15662,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,15664,15665,15679],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15666,15667,15669,15671,15673,15675,15677],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15668,3284],{"class":55},[45,15670,3287],{"class":2059},[45,15672,438],{"class":63},[45,15674,8806],{"class":67},[45,15676,429],{"class":63},[45,15678,3296],{"class":55},[45,15680,15681,15683,15685,15687,15689,15691],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,15682,3284],{"class":55},[45,15684,3287],{"class":2059},[45,15686,438],{"class":63},[45,15688,6274],{"class":67},[45,15690,429],{"class":63},[45,15692,3296],{"class":55},[31,15694,15696,15697],{"id":15695},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[18,15698,9105],{},[14,15700,15701,15702,15704],{},"You can also use ",[18,15703,9105],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15706,15707],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[36,15709,15711],{"className":38,"code":15710,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[18,15712,15713,15753],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15714,15715,15717,15719,15721,15723,15725,15727,15729,15731,15733,15735,15737,15739,15742,15744,15747,15749,15751],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15716,12850],{"class":51},[45,15718,56],{"class":55},[45,15720,9156],{"class":315},[45,15722,109],{"class":59},[45,15724,7656],{"class":9161},[45,15726,56],{"class":55},[45,15728,64],{"class":63},[45,15730,12867],{"class":67},[45,15732,64],{"class":63},[45,15734,73],{"class":59},[45,15736,9174],{"class":9161},[45,15738,56],{"class":55},[45,15740,15741],{"class":202},"20",[45,15743,73],{"class":59},[45,15745,15746],{"class":9161}," active",[45,15748,56],{"class":55},[45,15750,3598],{"class":291},[45,15752,118],{"class":59},[45,15754,15755,15757,15759,15761],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,15756,125],{"class":124},[45,15758,109],{"class":59},[45,15760,13611],{"class":105},[45,15762,118],{"class":59},[14,15764,15765],{},[26,15766,268],{},[36,15768,15770],{"className":38,"code":15769,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[18,15771,15772],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15773,15774,15776,15778,15780,15782,15784,15786,15788,15790,15792,15794,15796,15798,15800,15802,15804,15806,15809,15811,15813,15815],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15775,9264],{"class":59},[45,15777,429],{"class":63},[45,15779,7656],{"class":67},[45,15781,429],{"class":63},[45,15783,1111],{"class":59},[45,15785,438],{"class":63},[45,15787,12867],{"class":67},[45,15789,429],{"class":63},[45,15791,73],{"class":59},[45,15793,438],{"class":63},[45,15795,9285],{"class":67},[45,15797,429],{"class":63},[45,15799,1111],{"class":59},[45,15801,590],{"class":202},[45,15803,73],{"class":59},[45,15805,438],{"class":63},[45,15807,15808],{"class":67},"active",[45,15810,429],{"class":63},[45,15812,1111],{"class":59},[45,15814,3907],{"class":291},[45,15816,9295],{"class":59},[14,15818,15819],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1864,15821,15823,15824],{"id":15822},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[18,15825,9105],{},[14,15827,15828],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[157,15830,15831,15834],{},[160,15832,15833],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[160,15835,15836],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,15838,6675],{},[36,15840,15842],{"className":38,"code":15841,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[18,15843,15844,15874],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15845,15846,15848,15850,15852,15854,15856,15858,15860,15862,15864,15866,15868,15870,15872],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15847,11477],{"class":51},[45,15849,56],{"class":55},[45,15851,9156],{"class":315},[45,15853,109],{"class":59},[45,15855,7656],{"class":9161},[45,15857,56],{"class":55},[45,15859,64],{"class":63},[45,15861,7665],{"class":67},[45,15863,64],{"class":63},[45,15865,73],{"class":59},[45,15867,9174],{"class":9161},[45,15869,56],{"class":55},[45,15871,9179],{"class":202},[45,15873,118],{"class":59},[45,15875,15876,15878,15880,15882],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,15877,125],{"class":124},[45,15879,109],{"class":59},[45,15881,11571],{"class":105},[45,15883,118],{"class":59},[14,15885,4619,15886,15888],{},[26,15887,178],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[36,15890,15892],{"className":38,"code":15891,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,15893,15894],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15895,15896],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15897,15891],{"class":137},[14,15899,15900],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,15902,15903],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[36,15905,15907],{"className":38,"code":15906,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[18,15908,15909,15917,15933,15937,15941],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15910,15911,15913,15915],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15912,11477],{"class":51},[45,15914,56],{"class":55},[45,15916,11482],{"class":59},[45,15918,15919,15921,15923,15925,15927,15929,15931],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,15920,11487],{"class":63},[45,15922,10482],{"class":67},[45,15924,64],{"class":63},[45,15926,1111],{"class":59},[45,15928,76],{"class":63},[45,15930,7665],{"class":67},[45,15932,1194],{"class":63},[45,15934,15935],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,15936,9295],{"class":59},[45,15938,15939],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,15940,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,15942,15943,15945,15947,15949],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,15944,125],{"class":124},[45,15946,109],{"class":59},[45,15948,11571],{"class":105},[45,15950,118],{"class":59},[31,15952,9431],{"id":9430},[14,15954,15955,15957],{},[18,15956,9105],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,15959,15960],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[36,15962,15964],{"className":38,"code":15963,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15965,15966,16023,16027,16041,16045],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15967,15968,15970,15972,15974,15976,15978,15980,15982,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15994,15996,15998,16000,16002,16004,16006,16008,16010,16012,16014,16016,16019,16021],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15969,9201],{"class":51},[45,15971,56],{"class":55},[45,15973,9206],{"class":59},[45,15975,64],{"class":63},[45,15977,7656],{"class":67},[45,15979,64],{"class":63},[45,15981,73],{"class":59},[45,15983,76],{"class":63},[45,15985,12867],{"class":67},[45,15987,64],{"class":63},[45,15989,9219],{"class":59},[45,15991,9222],{"class":59},[45,15993,64],{"class":63},[45,15995,9285],{"class":67},[45,15997,64],{"class":63},[45,15999,73],{"class":59},[45,16001,590],{"class":202},[45,16003,9219],{"class":59},[45,16005,9222],{"class":59},[45,16007,64],{"class":63},[45,16009,10395],{"class":67},[45,16011,64],{"class":63},[45,16013,73],{"class":59},[45,16015,76],{"class":63},[45,16017,16018],{"class":67},"Lima",[45,16020,64],{"class":63},[45,16022,9235],{"class":59},[45,16024,16025],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,16026,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,16028,16029,16031,16033,16035,16037,16039],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16030,12850],{"class":51},[45,16032,56],{"class":55},[45,16034,9156],{"class":315},[45,16036,109],{"class":59},[45,16038,9248],{"class":105},[45,16040,118],{"class":59},[45,16042,16043],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,16044,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,16046,16047,16049,16051,16053],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,16048,125],{"class":124},[45,16050,109],{"class":59},[45,16052,13611],{"class":105},[45,16054,118],{"class":59},[14,16056,16057],{},[26,16058,268],{},[36,16060,16062],{"className":38,"code":16061,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,16063,16064],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16065,16066,16068,16070,16072,16074,16076,16078,16080,16082,16084,16086,16088,16090,16092,16094,16096,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106,16108,16110],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16067,9264],{"class":59},[45,16069,429],{"class":63},[45,16071,7656],{"class":67},[45,16073,429],{"class":63},[45,16075,1111],{"class":59},[45,16077,438],{"class":63},[45,16079,12867],{"class":67},[45,16081,429],{"class":63},[45,16083,73],{"class":59},[45,16085,438],{"class":63},[45,16087,9285],{"class":67},[45,16089,429],{"class":63},[45,16091,1111],{"class":59},[45,16093,590],{"class":202},[45,16095,73],{"class":59},[45,16097,438],{"class":63},[45,16099,10395],{"class":67},[45,16101,429],{"class":63},[45,16103,1111],{"class":59},[45,16105,438],{"class":63},[45,16107,16018],{"class":67},[45,16109,429],{"class":63},[45,16111,9295],{"class":59},[14,16113,16114],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[36,16116,16118],{"className":38,"code":16117,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[18,16119,16120,16161],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16121,16122,16124,16126,16128,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16147,16149,16151,16153,16155,16157,16159],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16123,12850],{"class":51},[45,16125,56],{"class":55},[45,16127,9156],{"class":315},[45,16129,16130],{"class":59},"(((",[45,16132,64],{"class":63},[45,16134,7656],{"class":67},[45,16136,64],{"class":63},[45,16138,73],{"class":59},[45,16140,76],{"class":63},[45,16142,12867],{"class":67},[45,16144,64],{"class":63},[45,16146,9219],{"class":59},[45,16148,9222],{"class":59},[45,16150,64],{"class":63},[45,16152,9285],{"class":67},[45,16154,64],{"class":63},[45,16156,73],{"class":59},[45,16158,590],{"class":202},[45,16160,2905],{"class":59},[45,16162,16163,16165,16167,16169],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,16164,125],{"class":124},[45,16166,109],{"class":59},[45,16168,13611],{"class":105},[45,16170,118],{"class":59},[14,16172,16173],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[31,16175,16177],{"id":16176},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,16179,16180],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[157,16182,16183,16186,16189,16192],{},[160,16184,16185],{},"Keys must be unique",[160,16187,16188],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[160,16190,16191],{},"Values can repeat",[160,16193,16194],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1864,16196,16198],{"id":16197},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[36,16200,16202],{"className":38,"code":16201,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,16203,16204,16212,16230,16247,16251,16255],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16205,16206,16208,16210],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16207,9151],{"class":51},[45,16209,56],{"class":55},[45,16211,11482],{"class":59},[45,16213,16214,16216,16218,16220,16222,16224,16226,16228],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,16215,11487],{"class":63},[45,16217,7656],{"class":67},[45,16219,64],{"class":63},[45,16221,1111],{"class":59},[45,16223,76],{"class":63},[45,16225,12867],{"class":67},[45,16227,64],{"class":63},[45,16229,11503],{"class":59},[45,16231,16232,16234,16236,16238,16240,16242,16245],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16233,11487],{"class":63},[45,16235,7656],{"class":67},[45,16237,64],{"class":63},[45,16239,1111],{"class":59},[45,16241,76],{"class":63},[45,16243,16244],{"class":67},"Maria",[45,16246,1194],{"class":63},[45,16248,16249],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,16250,9295],{"class":59},[45,16252,16253],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,16254,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,16256,16257,16259,16261,16263],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,16258,125],{"class":124},[45,16260,109],{"class":59},[45,16262,9190],{"class":105},[45,16264,118],{"class":59},[14,16266,16267],{},[26,16268,268],{},[36,16270,16272],{"className":38,"code":16271,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[18,16273,16274],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16275,16276,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290,16292],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16277,9264],{"class":59},[45,16279,429],{"class":63},[45,16281,7656],{"class":67},[45,16283,429],{"class":63},[45,16285,1111],{"class":59},[45,16287,438],{"class":63},[45,16289,16244],{"class":67},[45,16291,429],{"class":63},[45,16293,9295],{"class":59},[14,16295,16296],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1864,16298,16300],{"id":16299},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[36,16302,16304],{"className":38,"code":16303,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[18,16305,16306,16314,16330,16346,16360,16364,16368],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16307,16308,16310,16312],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16309,578],{"class":51},[45,16311,56],{"class":55},[45,16313,11482],{"class":59},[45,16315,16316,16319,16321,16323,16326,16328],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,16317,16318],{"class":202},"    1",[45,16320,1111],{"class":59},[45,16322,76],{"class":63},[45,16324,16325],{"class":67},"low",[45,16327,64],{"class":63},[45,16329,11503],{"class":59},[45,16331,16332,16335,16337,16339,16342,16344],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16333,16334],{"class":202},"    2",[45,16336,1111],{"class":59},[45,16338,76],{"class":63},[45,16340,16341],{"class":67},"medium",[45,16343,64],{"class":63},[45,16345,11503],{"class":59},[45,16347,16348,16351,16353,16355,16358],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,16349,16350],{"class":202},"    3",[45,16352,1111],{"class":59},[45,16354,76],{"class":63},[45,16356,16357],{"class":67},"high",[45,16359,1194],{"class":63},[45,16361,16362],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,16363,9295],{"class":59},[45,16365,16366],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,16367,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,16369,16370,16372,16374,16376],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,16371,125],{"class":124},[45,16373,109],{"class":59},[45,16375,607],{"class":105},[45,16377,118],{"class":59},[1864,16379,16381],{"id":16380},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16383,16384],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16386,16387],{},"This will cause an error:",[36,16389,16391],{"className":38,"code":16390,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[18,16392,16393,16398,16403],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16394,16395],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16396,16397],{"class":137},"# bad = {\n",[45,16399,16400],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,16401,16402],{"class":137},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[45,16404,16405],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16406,16407],{"class":137},"# }\n",[14,16409,16410],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[36,16412,16414],{"className":38,"code":16413,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[18,16415,16416,16425,16444,16448,16452],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16417,16418,16421,16423],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16419,16420],{"class":51},"good ",[45,16422,56],{"class":55},[45,16424,11482],{"class":59},[45,16426,16427,16430,16432,16434,16436,16438,16440,16442],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,16428,16429],{"class":59},"    (",[45,16431,203],{"class":202},[45,16433,73],{"class":59},[45,16435,208],{"class":202},[45,16437,1126],{"class":59},[45,16439,76],{"class":63},[45,16441,251],{"class":67},[45,16443,1194],{"class":63},[45,16445,16446],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16447,9295],{"class":59},[45,16449,16450],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,16451,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,16453,16454,16456,16458,16461],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,16455,125],{"class":124},[45,16457,109],{"class":59},[45,16459,16460],{"class":105},"good",[45,16462,118],{"class":59},[31,16464,16466],{"id":16465},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16468,16469],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16471,16472],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[157,16474,16475,16478,16480,16483],{},[160,16476,16477],{},"user data",[160,16479,13870],{},[160,16481,16482],{},"counters",[160,16484,16485],{},"lookups",[14,16487,345],{},[36,16489,16491],{"className":38,"code":16490,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[18,16492,16493,16501,16520,16539,16551,16555,16559],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16494,16495,16497,16499],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16496,11477],{"class":51},[45,16498,56],{"class":55},[45,16500,11482],{"class":59},[45,16502,16503,16505,16507,16509,16511,16513,16516,16518],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,16504,11487],{"class":63},[45,16506,7971],{"class":67},[45,16508,64],{"class":63},[45,16510,1111],{"class":59},[45,16512,76],{"class":63},[45,16514,16515],{"class":67},"ana123",[45,16517,64],{"class":63},[45,16519,11503],{"class":59},[45,16521,16522,16524,16526,16528,16530,16532,16535,16537],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16523,11487],{"class":63},[45,16525,15245],{"class":67},[45,16527,64],{"class":63},[45,16529,1111],{"class":59},[45,16531,76],{"class":63},[45,16533,16534],{"class":67},"ana@example.com",[45,16536,64],{"class":63},[45,16538,11503],{"class":59},[45,16540,16541,16543,16545,16547,16549],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,16542,11487],{"class":63},[45,16544,12503],{"class":67},[45,16546,64],{"class":63},[45,16548,1111],{"class":59},[45,16550,6409],{"class":291},[45,16552,16553],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,16554,9295],{"class":59},[45,16556,16557],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,16558,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,16560,16561,16563,16565,16567,16569,16571,16573,16575],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,16562,125],{"class":124},[45,16564,109],{"class":59},[45,16566,11571],{"class":105},[45,16568,278],{"class":59},[45,16570,64],{"class":63},[45,16572,15245],{"class":67},[45,16574,64],{"class":63},[45,16576,3880],{"class":59},[14,16578,16579,16580,102],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[364,16581,16583],{"href":16582},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16585,16586],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[157,16588,16589,16592,16595],{},[160,16590,16591],{},"labels are not needed",[160,16593,16594],{},"you mostly care about position",[160,16596,16597],{},"order matters more than named fields",[31,16599,1709],{"id":1708},[14,16601,16602],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[157,16604,16605,16608,16611,16614,16617],{},[160,16606,16607],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[160,16609,16610],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[160,16612,16613],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[160,16615,16616],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[160,16618,16619,16620,16622],{},"Mixing up ",[18,16621,3785],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1864,16624,16626],{"id":16625},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16628,16629],{},"Wrong:",[36,16631,16633],{"className":38,"code":16632,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16634,16635],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16636,16637],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16638,16632],{"class":137},[14,16640,16641],{},"Correct:",[36,16643,16645],{"className":38,"code":16644,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[18,16646,16647,16671],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16648,16649,16651,16653,16655,16657,16659,16661,16663,16665,16667,16669],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16650,12850],{"class":51},[45,16652,56],{"class":55},[45,16654,10477],{"class":59},[45,16656,64],{"class":63},[45,16658,7656],{"class":67},[45,16660,64],{"class":63},[45,16662,1111],{"class":59},[45,16664,76],{"class":63},[45,16666,12867],{"class":67},[45,16668,64],{"class":63},[45,16670,9295],{"class":59},[45,16672,16673,16675,16677,16679],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,16674,125],{"class":124},[45,16676,109],{"class":59},[45,16678,13611],{"class":105},[45,16680,118],{"class":59},[1864,16682,16684],{"id":16683},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16686,16629],{},[36,16688,16690],{"className":38,"code":16689,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16691,16692],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16693,16694],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16695,16689],{"class":137},[14,16697,16698,16699,16701,16702,16704],{},"This only works if ",[18,16700,7656],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[18,16703,15226],{},", use quotes.",[14,16706,16641],{},[36,16708,16709],{"className":38,"code":16644,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,16710,16711,16735],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16712,16713,16715,16717,16719,16721,16723,16725,16727,16729,16731,16733],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16714,12850],{"class":51},[45,16716,56],{"class":55},[45,16718,10477],{"class":59},[45,16720,64],{"class":63},[45,16722,7656],{"class":67},[45,16724,64],{"class":63},[45,16726,1111],{"class":59},[45,16728,76],{"class":63},[45,16730,12867],{"class":67},[45,16732,64],{"class":63},[45,16734,9295],{"class":59},[45,16736,16737,16739,16741,16743],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,16738,125],{"class":124},[45,16740,109],{"class":59},[45,16742,13611],{"class":105},[45,16744,118],{"class":59},[1864,16746,16748],{"id":16747},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[36,16750,16752],{"className":38,"code":16751,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[18,16753,16754,16786],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16755,16756,16758,16760,16762,16764,16766,16768,16770,16772,16774,16776,16778,16780,16782,16784],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16757,9151],{"class":51},[45,16759,56],{"class":55},[45,16761,10477],{"class":59},[45,16763,64],{"class":63},[45,16765,9285],{"class":67},[45,16767,64],{"class":63},[45,16769,1111],{"class":59},[45,16771,590],{"class":202},[45,16773,73],{"class":59},[45,16775,76],{"class":63},[45,16777,9285],{"class":67},[45,16779,64],{"class":63},[45,16781,1111],{"class":59},[45,16783,595],{"class":202},[45,16785,9295],{"class":59},[45,16787,16788,16790,16792,16794],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,16789,125],{"class":124},[45,16791,109],{"class":59},[45,16793,9190],{"class":105},[45,16795,118],{"class":59},[14,16797,16798],{},[26,16799,268],{},[36,16801,16803],{"className":38,"code":16802,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'age': 30}\n",[18,16804,16805],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16806,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817,16819],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16808,9264],{"class":59},[45,16810,429],{"class":63},[45,16812,9285],{"class":67},[45,16814,429],{"class":63},[45,16816,1111],{"class":59},[45,16818,595],{"class":202},[45,16820,9295],{"class":59},[31,16822,16824],{"id":16823},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,16826,16827],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[36,16829,16831],{"className":38,"code":16830,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[18,16832,16833,16869,16873,16883,16897,16912,16926],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16834,16835,16837,16839,16841,16843,16845,16847,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16836,11713],{"class":51},[45,16838,56],{"class":55},[45,16840,10477],{"class":59},[45,16842,64],{"class":63},[45,16844,7656],{"class":67},[45,16846,64],{"class":63},[45,16848,1111],{"class":59},[45,16850,76],{"class":63},[45,16852,12867],{"class":67},[45,16854,64],{"class":63},[45,16856,73],{"class":59},[45,16858,76],{"class":63},[45,16860,9285],{"class":67},[45,16862,64],{"class":63},[45,16864,1111],{"class":59},[45,16866,590],{"class":202},[45,16868,9295],{"class":59},[45,16870,16871],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,16872,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,16874,16875,16877,16879,16881],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16876,125],{"class":124},[45,16878,109],{"class":59},[45,16880,11438],{"class":105},[45,16882,118],{"class":59},[45,16884,16885,16887,16889,16891,16893,16895],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,16886,125],{"class":124},[45,16888,109],{"class":59},[45,16890,1811],{"class":315},[45,16892,109],{"class":59},[45,16894,11438],{"class":105},[45,16896,1802],{"class":59},[45,16898,16899,16901,16903,16905,16907,16910],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,16900,125],{"class":124},[45,16902,109],{"class":59},[45,16904,11438],{"class":105},[45,16906,102],{"class":59},[45,16908,16909],{"class":105},"keys",[45,16911,7181],{"class":59},[45,16913,16914,16916,16918,16920,16922,16924],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,16915,125],{"class":124},[45,16917,109],{"class":59},[45,16919,11438],{"class":105},[45,16921,102],{"class":59},[45,16923,5350],{"class":105},[45,16925,7181],{"class":59},[45,16927,16928,16930,16932,16934,16936,16938],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,16929,125],{"class":124},[45,16931,109],{"class":59},[45,16933,11150],{"class":124},[45,16935,109],{"class":59},[45,16937,11438],{"class":105},[45,16939,1802],{"class":59},[14,16941,16942],{},[26,16943,16944],{},"Example output:",[36,16946,16948],{"className":38,"code":16947,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[18,16949,16950,16982,16996,17019,17038],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16951,16952,16954,16956,16958,16960,16962,16964,16966,16968,16970,16972,16974,16976,16978,16980],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16953,9264],{"class":59},[45,16955,429],{"class":63},[45,16957,7656],{"class":67},[45,16959,429],{"class":63},[45,16961,1111],{"class":59},[45,16963,438],{"class":63},[45,16965,12867],{"class":67},[45,16967,429],{"class":63},[45,16969,73],{"class":59},[45,16971,438],{"class":63},[45,16973,9285],{"class":67},[45,16975,429],{"class":63},[45,16977,1111],{"class":59},[45,16979,590],{"class":202},[45,16981,9295],{"class":59},[45,16983,16984,16986,16988,16990,16992,16994],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,16985,3284],{"class":55},[45,16987,3287],{"class":2059},[45,16989,438],{"class":63},[45,16991,8806],{"class":67},[45,16993,429],{"class":63},[45,16995,3296],{"class":55},[45,16997,16998,17001,17003,17005,17007,17009,17011,17013,17015,17017],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16999,17000],{"class":105},"dict_keys",[45,17002,2979],{"class":59},[45,17004,429],{"class":63},[45,17006,7656],{"class":67},[45,17008,429],{"class":63},[45,17010,73],{"class":59},[45,17012,438],{"class":63},[45,17014,9285],{"class":67},[45,17016,429],{"class":63},[45,17018,3880],{"class":59},[45,17020,17021,17024,17026,17028,17030,17032,17034,17036],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,17022,17023],{"class":105},"dict_values",[45,17025,2979],{"class":59},[45,17027,429],{"class":63},[45,17029,12867],{"class":67},[45,17031,429],{"class":63},[45,17033,73],{"class":59},[45,17035,590],{"class":202},[45,17037,3880],{"class":59},[45,17039,17040],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,17041,17042],{"class":202},"2\n",[14,17044,17045,17046,2185,17052,17058,17059,102],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[364,17047,10724,17049],{"href":17048},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[18,17050,17051],{},"keys()",[364,17053,10724,17055],{"href":17054},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[18,17056,17057],{},"values()",", and ",[364,17060,10724,17062],{"href":17061},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[18,17063,17064],{},"items()",[31,17066,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,17068,17070],{"id":17069},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,17072,141,17073,1742,17075,17077],{},[18,17074,3785],{},[18,17076,9105],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1864,17079,17081],{"id":17080},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,17083,17084,17085,102],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[18,17086,17087],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1864,17089,17091],{"id":17090},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,17093,17094],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1864,17096,17098],{"id":17097},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,17100,17101],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1864,17103,5170,17105,1301,17107,2485],{"id":17104},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[18,17106,3785],{},[18,17108,9105],{},[14,17110,17111,17113,17114,17116],{},[18,17112,3785],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[18,17115,9105],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[31,17118,1909],{"id":1908},[157,17120,17121,17125,17131,17135,17141],{},[160,17122,17123],{},[364,17124,9141],{"href":9140},[160,17126,17127],{},[364,17128,10724,17129,10728],{"href":10723},[18,17130,10727],{},[160,17132,17133],{},[364,17134,11240],{"href":10718},[160,17136,17137],{},[364,17138,17140],{"href":17139},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[160,17142,17143],{},[364,17144,11251],{"href":11062},[14,17146,17147],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1936,17149,17150],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":17152},[17153,17154,17155,17156,17159,17162,17167,17168,17173,17174,17179,17180,17188],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":15148,"depth":96,"text":15149},{"id":15166,"depth":96,"text":15154},{"id":15251,"depth":96,"text":15252,"children":17157},[17158],{"id":15403,"depth":121,"text":15404},{"id":9388,"depth":96,"text":9389,"children":17160},[17161],{"id":15582,"depth":121,"text":15583},{"id":15695,"depth":96,"text":17163,"children":17164},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17165],{"id":15822,"depth":121,"text":17166},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9430,"depth":96,"text":9431},{"id":16176,"depth":96,"text":16177,"children":17169},[17170,17171,17172],{"id":16197,"depth":121,"text":16198},{"id":16299,"depth":121,"text":16300},{"id":16380,"depth":121,"text":16381},{"id":16465,"depth":96,"text":16466},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":17175},[17176,17177,17178],{"id":16625,"depth":121,"text":16626},{"id":16683,"depth":121,"text":16684},{"id":16747,"depth":121,"text":16748},{"id":16823,"depth":96,"text":16824},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":17181},[17182,17183,17184,17185,17186],{"id":17069,"depth":121,"text":17070},{"id":17080,"depth":121,"text":17081},{"id":17090,"depth":121,"text":17091},{"id":17097,"depth":121,"text":17098},{"id":17104,"depth":121,"text":17187},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14991,"description":17189},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17195,"title":17196,"body":17197,"description":19646,"extension":1958,"meta":19647,"navigation":241,"path":19648,"seo":19649,"stem":19650,"__hash__":19651},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17198,"toc":19602},[17199,17205,17211,17214,17217,17219,17301,17307,17312,17316,17334,17346,17351,17355,17378,17382,17394,17402,17406,17412,17414,17417,17490,17492,17537,17539,17556,17561,17567,17572,17646,17648,17693,17696,17707,17709,17828,17830,17883,17890,17894,17897,17914,17920,17924,18022,18024,18076,18083,18087,18093,18096,18099,18126,18131,18135,18138,18242,18244,18289,18292,18295,18300,18305,18316,18318,18379,18439,18445,18453,18459,18464,18469,18529,18533,18600,18603,18607,18678,18681,18694,18701,18703,18707,18711,18782,18784,18821,18824,18827,18890,18897,18900,18942,18952,18955,19024,19030,19035,19119,19121,19170,19177,19183,19228,19230,19263,19268,19272,19278,19317,19361,19429,19472,19474,19480,19483,19487,19492,19496,19499,19503,19505,19566,19568,19594,19599],[10,17200,11307,17202,11311],{"id":17201},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[18,17203,17204],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17206,17207,17210],{},[18,17208,17209],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17212,17213],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17215,17216],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[31,17218,34],{"id":33},[36,17220,17222],{"className":38,"code":17221,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[18,17223,17224,17257,17285,17296],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17225,17226,17229,17231,17233,17235,17237,17239,17241,17243,17245,17247,17249,17251,17253,17255],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17227,17228],{"class":51},"keys ",[45,17230,56],{"class":55},[45,17232,60],{"class":59},[45,17234,64],{"class":63},[45,17236,7656],{"class":67},[45,17238,64],{"class":63},[45,17240,73],{"class":59},[45,17242,76],{"class":63},[45,17244,9285],{"class":67},[45,17246,64],{"class":63},[45,17248,73],{"class":59},[45,17250,76],{"class":63},[45,17252,10395],{"class":67},[45,17254,64],{"class":63},[45,17256,93],{"class":59},[45,17258,17259,17261,17263,17265,17267,17270,17272,17274,17276,17278,17281,17283],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,17260,13189],{"class":51},[45,17262,56],{"class":55},[45,17264,9156],{"class":315},[45,17266,102],{"class":59},[45,17268,17269],{"class":105},"fromkeys",[45,17271,109],{"class":59},[45,17273,16909],{"class":105},[45,17275,73],{"class":59},[45,17277,76],{"class":63},[45,17279,17280],{"class":67},"unknown",[45,17282,64],{"class":63},[45,17284,118],{"class":59},[45,17286,17287,17289,17291,17294],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,17288,125],{"class":124},[45,17290,109],{"class":59},[45,17292,17293],{"class":105},"person",[45,17295,118],{"class":59},[45,17297,17298],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,17299,17300],{"class":137},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17302,141,17303,17306],{},[18,17304,17305],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[31,17308,3671,17310,3674],{"id":17309},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[18,17311,17209],{},[14,17313,17314,1111],{},[18,17315,17209],{},[157,17317,17318,17321,17324,17327],{},[160,17319,17320],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[160,17322,17323],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[160,17325,17326],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[160,17328,17329,17330,17333],{},"Is called as ",[18,17331,17332],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17335,17336,17337,17339,17340,17342,17343,102],{},"This is a class method on ",[18,17338,8806],{},", so you write ",[18,17341,17332],{}," instead of something like ",[18,17344,17345],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17347,17348,17349,102],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[364,17350,9141],{"href":13010},[31,17352,17354],{"id":17353},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[36,17356,17358],{"className":38,"code":17357,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[18,17359,17360],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17361,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17363,8806],{"class":315},[45,17365,102],{"class":59},[45,17367,17269],{"class":105},[45,17369,109],{"class":59},[45,17371,3714],{"class":105},[45,17373,73],{"class":59},[45,17375,8417],{"class":105},[45,17377,118],{"class":59},[1864,17379,17381],{"id":17380},"parameters","Parameters",[157,17383,17384,17389],{},[160,17385,17386,17388],{},[18,17387,3714],{},": the keys to use",[160,17390,17391,17393],{},[18,17392,28],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17395,17396,17397,17399,17400,102],{},"If you leave out ",[18,17398,28],{},", each key gets ",[18,17401,301],{},[1864,17403,17405],{"id":17404},"return-value","Return value",[14,17407,17408,17409,102],{},"It returns a ",[26,17410,17411],{},"new dictionary",[31,17413,448],{"id":447},[14,17415,17416],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[36,17418,17420],{"className":38,"code":17419,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,17421,17422,17454,17476,17480],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17423,17424,17426,17428,17430,17432,17434,17436,17438,17440,17442,17444,17446,17448,17450,17452],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17425,17228],{"class":51},[45,17427,56],{"class":55},[45,17429,60],{"class":59},[45,17431,64],{"class":63},[45,17433,470],{"class":67},[45,17435,64],{"class":63},[45,17437,73],{"class":59},[45,17439,76],{"class":63},[45,17441,488],{"class":67},[45,17443,64],{"class":63},[45,17445,73],{"class":59},[45,17447,76],{"class":63},[45,17449,479],{"class":67},[45,17451,64],{"class":63},[45,17453,93],{"class":59},[45,17455,17456,17458,17460,17462,17464,17466,17468,17470,17472,17474],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,17457,461],{"class":51},[45,17459,56],{"class":55},[45,17461,9156],{"class":315},[45,17463,102],{"class":59},[45,17465,17269],{"class":105},[45,17467,109],{"class":59},[45,17469,16909],{"class":105},[45,17471,73],{"class":59},[45,17473,3827],{"class":202},[45,17475,118],{"class":59},[45,17477,17478],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,17479,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,17481,17482,17484,17486,17488],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,17483,125],{"class":124},[45,17485,109],{"class":59},[45,17487,497],{"class":105},[45,17489,118],{"class":59},[14,17491,268],{},[36,17493,17495],{"className":38,"code":17494,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[18,17496,17497],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17498,17499,17501,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523,17525,17527,17529,17531,17533,17535],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17500,9264],{"class":59},[45,17502,429],{"class":63},[45,17504,470],{"class":67},[45,17506,429],{"class":63},[45,17508,1111],{"class":59},[45,17510,3827],{"class":202},[45,17512,73],{"class":59},[45,17514,438],{"class":63},[45,17516,488],{"class":67},[45,17518,429],{"class":63},[45,17520,1111],{"class":59},[45,17522,3827],{"class":202},[45,17524,73],{"class":59},[45,17526,438],{"class":63},[45,17528,479],{"class":67},[45,17530,429],{"class":63},[45,17532,1111],{"class":59},[45,17534,3827],{"class":202},[45,17536,9295],{"class":59},[14,17538,551],{},[157,17540,17541,17546,17551],{},[160,17542,17543,17545],{},[18,17544,16909],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[160,17547,17548,17550],{},[18,17549,2114],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[160,17552,17553,17555],{},[18,17554,17209],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17557,17558,17559,102],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[364,17560,9378],{"href":13013},[31,17562,1736,17564,17566],{"id":17563},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[18,17565,17204],{}," without a value",[14,17568,17569,17570,102],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[18,17571,301],{},[36,17573,17575],{"className":38,"code":17574,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17576,17577,17611,17631,17635],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17578,17579,17582,17584,17586,17588,17590,17592,17594,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17607,17609],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17580,17581],{"class":51},"fields ",[45,17583,56],{"class":55},[45,17585,60],{"class":59},[45,17587,64],{"class":63},[45,17589,7971],{"class":67},[45,17591,64],{"class":63},[45,17593,73],{"class":59},[45,17595,76],{"class":63},[45,17597,15245],{"class":67},[45,17599,64],{"class":63},[45,17601,73],{"class":59},[45,17603,76],{"class":63},[45,17605,17606],{"class":67},"password",[45,17608,64],{"class":63},[45,17610,93],{"class":59},[45,17612,17613,17616,17618,17620,17622,17624,17626,17629],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,17614,17615],{"class":51},"user_data ",[45,17617,56],{"class":55},[45,17619,9156],{"class":315},[45,17621,102],{"class":59},[45,17623,17269],{"class":105},[45,17625,109],{"class":59},[45,17627,17628],{"class":105},"fields",[45,17630,118],{"class":59},[45,17632,17633],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,17634,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,17636,17637,17639,17641,17644],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,17638,125],{"class":124},[45,17640,109],{"class":59},[45,17642,17643],{"class":105},"user_data",[45,17645,118],{"class":59},[14,17647,268],{},[36,17649,17651],{"className":38,"code":17650,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[18,17652,17653],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17654,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687,17689,17691],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17656,9264],{"class":59},[45,17658,429],{"class":63},[45,17660,7971],{"class":67},[45,17662,429],{"class":63},[45,17664,1111],{"class":59},[45,17666,3846],{"class":291},[45,17668,73],{"class":59},[45,17670,438],{"class":63},[45,17672,15245],{"class":67},[45,17674,429],{"class":63},[45,17676,1111],{"class":59},[45,17678,3846],{"class":291},[45,17680,73],{"class":59},[45,17682,438],{"class":63},[45,17684,17606],{"class":67},[45,17686,429],{"class":63},[45,17688,1111],{"class":59},[45,17690,3846],{"class":291},[45,17692,9295],{"class":59},[14,17694,17695],{},"This is useful when:",[157,17697,17698,17701,17704],{},[160,17699,17700],{},"You want to create the keys first",[160,17702,17703],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[160,17705,17706],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17708,345],{},[36,17710,17712],{"className":38,"code":17711,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17713,17714,17746,17764,17768,17791,17814,17818],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17715,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738,17740,17742,17744],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17717,17581],{"class":51},[45,17719,56],{"class":55},[45,17721,60],{"class":59},[45,17723,64],{"class":63},[45,17725,7971],{"class":67},[45,17727,64],{"class":63},[45,17729,73],{"class":59},[45,17731,76],{"class":63},[45,17733,15245],{"class":67},[45,17735,64],{"class":63},[45,17737,73],{"class":59},[45,17739,76],{"class":63},[45,17741,17606],{"class":67},[45,17743,64],{"class":63},[45,17745,93],{"class":59},[45,17747,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758,17760,17762],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,17749,17615],{"class":51},[45,17751,56],{"class":55},[45,17753,9156],{"class":315},[45,17755,102],{"class":59},[45,17757,17269],{"class":105},[45,17759,109],{"class":59},[45,17761,17628],{"class":105},[45,17763,118],{"class":59},[45,17765,17766],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,17767,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,17769,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786,17789],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,17771,17643],{"class":51},[45,17773,278],{"class":59},[45,17775,64],{"class":63},[45,17777,7971],{"class":67},[45,17779,64],{"class":63},[45,17781,13258],{"class":59},[45,17783,13261],{"class":55},[45,17785,76],{"class":63},[45,17787,17788],{"class":67},"alice",[45,17790,1194],{"class":63},[45,17792,17793,17795,17797,17799,17801,17803,17805,17807,17809,17812],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,17794,17643],{"class":51},[45,17796,278],{"class":59},[45,17798,64],{"class":63},[45,17800,15245],{"class":67},[45,17802,64],{"class":63},[45,17804,13258],{"class":59},[45,17806,13261],{"class":55},[45,17808,76],{"class":63},[45,17810,17811],{"class":67},"alice@example.com",[45,17813,1194],{"class":63},[45,17815,17816],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,17817,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,17819,17820,17822,17824,17826],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,17821,125],{"class":124},[45,17823,109],{"class":59},[45,17825,17643],{"class":105},[45,17827,118],{"class":59},[14,17829,268],{},[36,17831,17833],{"className":38,"code":17832,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[18,17834,17835],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17836,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853,17855,17857,17859,17861,17863,17865,17867,17869,17871,17873,17875,17877,17879,17881],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17838,9264],{"class":59},[45,17840,429],{"class":63},[45,17842,7971],{"class":67},[45,17844,429],{"class":63},[45,17846,1111],{"class":59},[45,17848,438],{"class":63},[45,17850,17788],{"class":67},[45,17852,429],{"class":63},[45,17854,73],{"class":59},[45,17856,438],{"class":63},[45,17858,15245],{"class":67},[45,17860,429],{"class":63},[45,17862,1111],{"class":59},[45,17864,438],{"class":63},[45,17866,17811],{"class":67},[45,17868,429],{"class":63},[45,17870,73],{"class":59},[45,17872,438],{"class":63},[45,17874,17606],{"class":67},[45,17876,429],{"class":63},[45,17878,1111],{"class":59},[45,17880,3846],{"class":291},[45,17882,9295],{"class":59},[14,17884,17885,17886,102],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[364,17887,17889],{"href":17888},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[31,17891,17893],{"id":17892},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,17895,17896],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[157,17898,17899,17904,17909],{},[160,17900,17901,17903],{},[18,17902,3780],{}," (list)",[160,17905,17906,17908],{},[18,17907,3785],{}," (dictionary)",[160,17910,17911,17913],{},[18,17912,3790],{}," (set)",[14,17915,17916,17917,102],{},"All keys will point to the ",[26,17918,17919],{},"same object",[1864,17921,17923],{"id":17922},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[36,17925,17927],{"className":38,"code":17926,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,17928,17929,17961,17982,17986,18008,18012],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17930,17931,17933,17935,17937,17939,17941,17943,17945,17947,17949,17951,17953,17955,17957,17959],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17932,17228],{"class":51},[45,17934,56],{"class":55},[45,17936,60],{"class":59},[45,17938,64],{"class":63},[45,17940,364],{"class":67},[45,17942,64],{"class":63},[45,17944,73],{"class":59},[45,17946,76],{"class":63},[45,17948,373],{"class":67},[45,17950,64],{"class":63},[45,17952,73],{"class":59},[45,17954,76],{"class":63},[45,17956,382],{"class":67},[45,17958,64],{"class":63},[45,17960,93],{"class":59},[45,17962,17963,17965,17967,17969,17971,17973,17975,17977,17979],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,17964,9151],{"class":51},[45,17966,56],{"class":55},[45,17968,9156],{"class":315},[45,17970,102],{"class":59},[45,17972,17269],{"class":105},[45,17974,109],{"class":59},[45,17976,16909],{"class":105},[45,17978,73],{"class":59},[45,17980,17981],{"class":59}," [])\n",[45,17983,17984],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,17985,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,17987,17988,17990,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,17989,9190],{"class":51},[45,17991,278],{"class":59},[45,17993,64],{"class":63},[45,17995,364],{"class":67},[45,17997,64],{"class":63},[45,17999,13535],{"class":59},[45,18001,13538],{"class":105},[45,18003,109],{"class":59},[45,18005,203],{"class":202},[45,18007,118],{"class":59},[45,18009,18010],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,18011,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,18013,18014,18016,18018,18020],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,18015,125],{"class":124},[45,18017,109],{"class":59},[45,18019,9190],{"class":105},[45,18021,118],{"class":59},[14,18023,268],{},[36,18025,18027],{"className":38,"code":18026,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[18,18028,18029],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18030,18031,18033,18035,18037,18039,18041,18043,18045,18048,18050,18052,18054,18056,18058,18060,18062,18064,18066,18068,18070,18072,18074],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18032,9264],{"class":59},[45,18034,429],{"class":63},[45,18036,364],{"class":67},[45,18038,429],{"class":63},[45,18040,1111],{"class":59},[45,18042,60],{"class":59},[45,18044,203],{"class":202},[45,18046,18047],{"class":59},"],",[45,18049,438],{"class":63},[45,18051,373],{"class":67},[45,18053,429],{"class":63},[45,18055,1111],{"class":59},[45,18057,60],{"class":59},[45,18059,203],{"class":202},[45,18061,18047],{"class":59},[45,18063,438],{"class":63},[45,18065,382],{"class":67},[45,18067,429],{"class":63},[45,18069,1111],{"class":59},[45,18071,60],{"class":59},[45,18073,203],{"class":202},[45,18075,13691],{"class":59},[14,18077,18078,18079,18082],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[18,18080,18081],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1864,18084,18086],{"id":18085},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,18088,18089,18092],{},[18,18090,18091],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,18094,18095],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,18097,18098],{},"So this:",[36,18100,18102],{"className":38,"code":18101,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[18,18103,18104],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18105,18106,18108,18110,18112,18114,18116,18118,18120,18122,18124],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18107,9190],{"class":51},[45,18109,278],{"class":59},[45,18111,64],{"class":63},[45,18113,364],{"class":67},[45,18115,64],{"class":63},[45,18117,13535],{"class":59},[45,18119,13538],{"class":105},[45,18121,109],{"class":59},[45,18123,203],{"class":202},[45,18125,118],{"class":59},[14,18127,18128,18129,102],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[18,18130,18081],{},[1864,18132,18134],{"id":18133},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18136,18137],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[36,18139,18141],{"className":38,"code":18140,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,18142,18143,18175,18202,18206,18228,18232],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18144,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157,18159,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171,18173],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18146,17228],{"class":51},[45,18148,56],{"class":55},[45,18150,60],{"class":59},[45,18152,64],{"class":63},[45,18154,364],{"class":67},[45,18156,64],{"class":63},[45,18158,73],{"class":59},[45,18160,76],{"class":63},[45,18162,373],{"class":67},[45,18164,64],{"class":63},[45,18166,73],{"class":59},[45,18168,76],{"class":63},[45,18170,382],{"class":67},[45,18172,64],{"class":63},[45,18174,93],{"class":59},[45,18176,18177,18179,18181,18183,18185,18187,18190,18192,18195,18197,18200],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,18178,9151],{"class":51},[45,18180,56],{"class":55},[45,18182,10477],{"class":59},[45,18184,14827],{"class":51},[45,18186,1111],{"class":59},[45,18188,18189],{"class":59}," []",[45,18191,3870],{"class":969},[45,18193,18194],{"class":51}," key ",[45,18196,976],{"class":969},[45,18198,18199],{"class":51}," keys",[45,18201,9295],{"class":59},[45,18203,18204],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,18205,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,18207,18208,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,18209,9190],{"class":51},[45,18211,278],{"class":59},[45,18213,64],{"class":63},[45,18215,364],{"class":67},[45,18217,64],{"class":63},[45,18219,13535],{"class":59},[45,18221,13538],{"class":105},[45,18223,109],{"class":59},[45,18225,203],{"class":202},[45,18227,118],{"class":59},[45,18229,18230],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,18231,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,18233,18234,18236,18238,18240],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,18235,125],{"class":124},[45,18237,109],{"class":59},[45,18239,9190],{"class":105},[45,18241,118],{"class":59},[14,18243,268],{},[36,18245,18247],{"className":38,"code":18246,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[18,18248,18249],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18250,18251,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267,18269,18271,18273,18275,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18252,9264],{"class":59},[45,18254,429],{"class":63},[45,18256,364],{"class":67},[45,18258,429],{"class":63},[45,18260,1111],{"class":59},[45,18262,60],{"class":59},[45,18264,203],{"class":202},[45,18266,18047],{"class":59},[45,18268,438],{"class":63},[45,18270,373],{"class":67},[45,18272,429],{"class":63},[45,18274,1111],{"class":59},[45,18276,18277],{"class":59}," [],",[45,18279,438],{"class":63},[45,18281,382],{"class":67},[45,18283,429],{"class":63},[45,18285,1111],{"class":59},[45,18287,18288],{"class":59}," []}\n",[14,18290,18291],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18293,18294],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[31,18296,4952,18298],{"id":18297},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[18,18299,17204],{},[14,18301,18302,18304],{},[18,18303,17209],{}," is a good choice when:",[157,18306,18307,18310,18313],{},[160,18308,18309],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[160,18311,18312],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[160,18314,18315],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18317,2120],{},[36,18319,18321],{"className":38,"code":18320,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[18,18322,18323,18368],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18324,18325,18328,18330,18332,18334,18336,18338,18340,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355,18357,18360,18362,18364,18366],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18326,18327],{"class":51},"flags ",[45,18329,56],{"class":55},[45,18331,9156],{"class":315},[45,18333,102],{"class":59},[45,18335,17269],{"class":105},[45,18337,2979],{"class":59},[45,18339,64],{"class":63},[45,18341,18342],{"class":67},"is_admin",[45,18344,64],{"class":63},[45,18346,73],{"class":59},[45,18348,76],{"class":63},[45,18350,15065],{"class":67},[45,18352,64],{"class":63},[45,18354,73],{"class":59},[45,18356,76],{"class":63},[45,18358,18359],{"class":67},"is_verified",[45,18361,64],{"class":63},[45,18363,18047],{"class":59},[45,18365,3898],{"class":291},[45,18367,118],{"class":59},[45,18369,18370,18372,18374,18377],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,18371,125],{"class":124},[45,18373,109],{"class":59},[45,18375,18376],{"class":105},"flags",[45,18378,118],{"class":59},[36,18380,18382],{"className":38,"code":18381,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,18383,18384,18429],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18385,18386,18388,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398,18400,18403,18405,18407,18409,18412,18414,18416,18418,18421,18423,18425,18427],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18387,578],{"class":51},[45,18389,56],{"class":55},[45,18391,9156],{"class":315},[45,18393,102],{"class":59},[45,18395,17269],{"class":105},[45,18397,2979],{"class":59},[45,18399,64],{"class":63},[45,18401,18402],{"class":67},"math",[45,18404,64],{"class":63},[45,18406,73],{"class":59},[45,18408,76],{"class":63},[45,18410,18411],{"class":67},"science",[45,18413,64],{"class":63},[45,18415,73],{"class":59},[45,18417,76],{"class":63},[45,18419,18420],{"class":67},"history",[45,18422,64],{"class":63},[45,18424,18047],{"class":59},[45,18426,3827],{"class":202},[45,18428,118],{"class":59},[45,18430,18431,18433,18435,18437],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,18432,125],{"class":124},[45,18434,109],{"class":59},[45,18436,607],{"class":105},[45,18438,118],{"class":59},[14,18440,18441,18442,18444],{},"It is ",[26,18443,178],{}," the best choice when:",[157,18446,18447,18450],{},[160,18448,18449],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[160,18451,18452],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[31,18454,18456,18458],{"id":18455},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[18,18457,17204],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18460,18461,18463],{},[18,18462,17204],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1864,18465,1736,18467],{"id":18466},"using-fromkeys",[18,18468,17204],{},[36,18470,18472],{"className":38,"code":18471,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18473,18474,18519],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18475,18476,18478,18480,18482,18484,18486,18488,18490,18493,18495,18497,18499,18502,18504,18506,18508,18511,18513,18515,18517],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18477,13811],{"class":51},[45,18479,56],{"class":55},[45,18481,9156],{"class":315},[45,18483,102],{"class":59},[45,18485,17269],{"class":105},[45,18487,2979],{"class":59},[45,18489,64],{"class":63},[45,18491,18492],{"class":67},"sound",[45,18494,64],{"class":63},[45,18496,73],{"class":59},[45,18498,76],{"class":63},[45,18500,18501],{"class":67},"music",[45,18503,64],{"class":63},[45,18505,73],{"class":59},[45,18507,76],{"class":63},[45,18509,18510],{"class":67},"notifications",[45,18512,64],{"class":63},[45,18514,18047],{"class":59},[45,18516,3907],{"class":291},[45,18518,118],{"class":59},[45,18520,18521,18523,18525,18527],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,18522,125],{"class":124},[45,18524,109],{"class":59},[45,18526,13870],{"class":105},[45,18528,118],{"class":59},[1864,18530,18532],{"id":18531},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[36,18534,18536],{"className":38,"code":18535,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18537,18538,18546,18560,18574,18586,18590],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18539,18540,18542,18544],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18541,13811],{"class":51},[45,18543,56],{"class":55},[45,18545,11482],{"class":59},[45,18547,18548,18550,18552,18554,18556,18558],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,18549,11487],{"class":63},[45,18551,18492],{"class":67},[45,18553,64],{"class":63},[45,18555,1111],{"class":59},[45,18557,3907],{"class":291},[45,18559,11503],{"class":59},[45,18561,18562,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,18563,11487],{"class":63},[45,18565,18501],{"class":67},[45,18567,64],{"class":63},[45,18569,1111],{"class":59},[45,18571,3898],{"class":291},[45,18573,11503],{"class":59},[45,18575,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,18577,11487],{"class":63},[45,18579,18510],{"class":67},[45,18581,64],{"class":63},[45,18583,1111],{"class":59},[45,18585,6409],{"class":291},[45,18587,18588],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,18589,9295],{"class":59},[45,18591,18592,18594,18596,18598],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,18593,125],{"class":124},[45,18595,109],{"class":59},[45,18597,13870],{"class":105},[45,18599,118],{"class":59},[14,18601,18602],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1864,18604,18606],{"id":18605},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[36,18608,18610],{"className":38,"code":18609,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[18,18611,18612,18644,18668],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18613,18614,18616,18618,18620,18622,18624,18626,18628,18630,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640,18642],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18615,17228],{"class":51},[45,18617,56],{"class":55},[45,18619,60],{"class":59},[45,18621,64],{"class":63},[45,18623,364],{"class":67},[45,18625,64],{"class":63},[45,18627,73],{"class":59},[45,18629,76],{"class":63},[45,18631,373],{"class":67},[45,18633,64],{"class":63},[45,18635,73],{"class":59},[45,18637,76],{"class":63},[45,18639,382],{"class":67},[45,18641,64],{"class":63},[45,18643,93],{"class":59},[45,18645,18646,18648,18650,18652,18654,18656,18658,18660,18662,18664,18666],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,18647,9151],{"class":51},[45,18649,56],{"class":55},[45,18651,10477],{"class":59},[45,18653,14827],{"class":51},[45,18655,1111],{"class":59},[45,18657,18189],{"class":59},[45,18659,3870],{"class":969},[45,18661,18194],{"class":51},[45,18663,976],{"class":969},[45,18665,18199],{"class":51},[45,18667,9295],{"class":59},[45,18669,18670,18672,18674,18676],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,18671,125],{"class":124},[45,18673,109],{"class":59},[45,18675,9190],{"class":105},[45,18677,118],{"class":59},[14,18679,18680],{},"Use:",[157,18682,18683,18688,18691],{},[160,18684,18685,18687],{},[18,18686,17204],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[160,18689,18690],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[160,18692,18693],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18695,18696,18697,102],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[364,18698,10724,18699,10728],{"href":14018},[18,18700,14940],{},[31,18702,1709],{"id":1708},[14,18704,14719,18705,102],{},[18,18706,17209],{},[1864,18708,18710],{"id":18709},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[36,18712,18714],{"className":38,"code":18713,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[18,18715,18716,18749,18772],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18717,18718,18721,18723,18725,18727,18729,18731,18733,18735,18737,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18719,18720],{"class":51},"d ",[45,18722,56],{"class":55},[45,18724,9156],{"class":315},[45,18726,102],{"class":59},[45,18728,17269],{"class":105},[45,18730,2979],{"class":59},[45,18732,64],{"class":63},[45,18734,364],{"class":67},[45,18736,64],{"class":63},[45,18738,73],{"class":59},[45,18740,76],{"class":63},[45,18742,373],{"class":67},[45,18744,64],{"class":63},[45,18746,18047],{"class":59},[45,18748,17981],{"class":59},[45,18750,18751,18754,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,18752,18753],{"class":51},"d",[45,18755,278],{"class":59},[45,18757,64],{"class":63},[45,18759,364],{"class":67},[45,18761,64],{"class":63},[45,18763,13535],{"class":59},[45,18765,13538],{"class":105},[45,18767,109],{"class":59},[45,18769,203],{"class":202},[45,18771,118],{"class":59},[45,18773,18774,18776,18778,18780],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,18775,125],{"class":124},[45,18777,109],{"class":59},[45,18779,18753],{"class":105},[45,18781,118],{"class":59},[14,18783,268],{},[36,18785,18787],{"className":38,"code":18786,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[18,18788,18789],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18790,18791,18793,18795,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18792,9264],{"class":59},[45,18794,429],{"class":63},[45,18796,364],{"class":67},[45,18798,429],{"class":63},[45,18800,1111],{"class":59},[45,18802,60],{"class":59},[45,18804,203],{"class":202},[45,18806,18047],{"class":59},[45,18808,438],{"class":63},[45,18810,373],{"class":67},[45,18812,429],{"class":63},[45,18814,1111],{"class":59},[45,18816,60],{"class":59},[45,18818,203],{"class":202},[45,18820,13691],{"class":59},[14,18822,18823],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,18825,18826],{},"Use this instead:",[36,18828,18830],{"className":38,"code":18829,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[18,18831,18832,18856,18880],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18833,18834,18836,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18835,17228],{"class":51},[45,18837,56],{"class":55},[45,18839,60],{"class":59},[45,18841,64],{"class":63},[45,18843,364],{"class":67},[45,18845,64],{"class":63},[45,18847,73],{"class":59},[45,18849,76],{"class":63},[45,18851,373],{"class":67},[45,18853,64],{"class":63},[45,18855,93],{"class":59},[45,18857,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,18859,18720],{"class":51},[45,18861,56],{"class":55},[45,18863,10477],{"class":59},[45,18865,14827],{"class":51},[45,18867,1111],{"class":59},[45,18869,18189],{"class":59},[45,18871,3870],{"class":969},[45,18873,18194],{"class":51},[45,18875,976],{"class":969},[45,18877,18199],{"class":51},[45,18879,9295],{"class":59},[45,18881,18882,18884,18886,18888],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,18883,125],{"class":124},[45,18885,109],{"class":59},[45,18887,18753],{"class":105},[45,18889,118],{"class":59},[1864,18891,18893,18894,18896],{"id":18892},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[18,18895,17204],{}," on a list",[14,18898,18899],{},"Wrong idea:",[36,18901,18903],{"className":38,"code":18902,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[18,18904,18905,18937],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18906,18907,18909,18911,18913,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18908,17228],{"class":51},[45,18910,56],{"class":55},[45,18912,60],{"class":59},[45,18914,64],{"class":63},[45,18916,364],{"class":67},[45,18918,64],{"class":63},[45,18920,73],{"class":59},[45,18922,76],{"class":63},[45,18924,373],{"class":67},[45,18926,64],{"class":63},[45,18928,73],{"class":59},[45,18930,76],{"class":63},[45,18932,382],{"class":67},[45,18934,64],{"class":63},[45,18936,93],{"class":59},[45,18938,18939],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,18940,18941],{"class":137},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,18943,18944,18946,18947,18949,18950,102],{},[18,18945,17204],{}," belongs to ",[18,18948,8806],{},", not ",[18,18951,316],{},[14,18953,18954],{},"Correct usage:",[36,18956,18958],{"className":38,"code":18957,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[18,18959,18960,18992,19014],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18961,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18963,17228],{"class":51},[45,18965,56],{"class":55},[45,18967,60],{"class":59},[45,18969,64],{"class":63},[45,18971,364],{"class":67},[45,18973,64],{"class":63},[45,18975,73],{"class":59},[45,18977,76],{"class":63},[45,18979,373],{"class":67},[45,18981,64],{"class":63},[45,18983,73],{"class":59},[45,18985,76],{"class":63},[45,18987,382],{"class":67},[45,18989,64],{"class":63},[45,18991,93],{"class":59},[45,18993,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,18995,18720],{"class":51},[45,18997,56],{"class":55},[45,18999,9156],{"class":315},[45,19001,102],{"class":59},[45,19003,17269],{"class":105},[45,19005,109],{"class":59},[45,19007,16909],{"class":105},[45,19009,73],{"class":59},[45,19011,3827],{"class":202},[45,19013,118],{"class":59},[45,19015,19016,19018,19020,19022],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,19017,125],{"class":124},[45,19019,109],{"class":59},[45,19021,18753],{"class":105},[45,19023,118],{"class":59},[1864,19025,1722,19027,19029],{"id":19026},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[18,19028,17204],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,19031,19032,19034],{},[18,19033,17209],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[36,19036,19038],{"className":38,"code":19037,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[18,19039,19040,19060,19094,19098,19108],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19041,19042,19044,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19043,12074],{"class":51},[45,19045,56],{"class":55},[45,19047,10477],{"class":59},[45,19049,64],{"class":63},[45,19051,1123],{"class":67},[45,19053,64],{"class":63},[45,19055,1111],{"class":59},[45,19057,5488],{"class":202},[45,19059,9295],{"class":59},[45,19061,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,19063,13025],{"class":51},[45,19065,56],{"class":55},[45,19067,9156],{"class":315},[45,19069,102],{"class":59},[45,19071,17269],{"class":105},[45,19073,2979],{"class":59},[45,19075,64],{"class":63},[45,19077,364],{"class":67},[45,19079,64],{"class":63},[45,19081,73],{"class":59},[45,19083,76],{"class":63},[45,19085,373],{"class":67},[45,19087,64],{"class":63},[45,19089,18047],{"class":59},[45,19091,3827],{"class":202},[45,19093,118],{"class":59},[45,19095,19096],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,19097,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,19099,19100,19102,19104,19106],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,19101,125],{"class":124},[45,19103,109],{"class":59},[45,19105,12121],{"class":105},[45,19107,118],{"class":59},[45,19109,19110,19112,19114,19117],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,19111,125],{"class":124},[45,19113,109],{"class":59},[45,19115,19116],{"class":105},"new_dict",[45,19118,118],{"class":59},[14,19120,268],{},[36,19122,19124],{"className":38,"code":19123,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[18,19125,19126,19142],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19127,19128,19130,19132,19134,19136,19138,19140],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19129,9264],{"class":59},[45,19131,429],{"class":63},[45,19133,1123],{"class":67},[45,19135,429],{"class":63},[45,19137,1111],{"class":59},[45,19139,5488],{"class":202},[45,19141,9295],{"class":59},[45,19143,19144,19146,19148,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164,19166,19168],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,19145,9264],{"class":59},[45,19147,429],{"class":63},[45,19149,364],{"class":67},[45,19151,429],{"class":63},[45,19153,1111],{"class":59},[45,19155,3827],{"class":202},[45,19157,73],{"class":59},[45,19159,438],{"class":63},[45,19161,373],{"class":67},[45,19163,429],{"class":63},[45,19165,1111],{"class":59},[45,19167,3827],{"class":202},[45,19169,9295],{"class":59},[14,19171,19172,19173,102],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[364,19174,10724,19175,10728],{"href":14018},[18,19176,14940],{},[1864,19178,19180,19181],{"id":19179},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[18,19182,301],{},[36,19184,19186],{"className":38,"code":19185,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[18,19187,19188,19218],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19189,19190,19192,19194,19196,19198,19200,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214,19216],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19191,18720],{"class":51},[45,19193,56],{"class":55},[45,19195,9156],{"class":315},[45,19197,102],{"class":59},[45,19199,17269],{"class":105},[45,19201,2979],{"class":59},[45,19203,64],{"class":63},[45,19205,1123],{"class":67},[45,19207,64],{"class":63},[45,19209,73],{"class":59},[45,19211,76],{"class":63},[45,19213,11734],{"class":67},[45,19215,64],{"class":63},[45,19217,3880],{"class":59},[45,19219,19220,19222,19224,19226],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,19221,125],{"class":124},[45,19223,109],{"class":59},[45,19225,18753],{"class":105},[45,19227,118],{"class":59},[14,19229,268],{},[36,19231,19233],{"className":38,"code":19232,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[18,19234,19235],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19236,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19238,9264],{"class":59},[45,19240,429],{"class":63},[45,19242,1123],{"class":67},[45,19244,429],{"class":63},[45,19246,1111],{"class":59},[45,19248,3846],{"class":291},[45,19250,73],{"class":59},[45,19252,438],{"class":63},[45,19254,11734],{"class":67},[45,19256,429],{"class":63},[45,19258,1111],{"class":59},[45,19260,3846],{"class":291},[45,19262,9295],{"class":59},[14,19264,19265,19266,102],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[18,19267,301],{},[31,19269,19271],{"id":19270},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19273,19274,19275,19277],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[18,19276,17204],{}," works.",[36,19279,19281],{"className":38,"code":19280,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[18,19282,19283],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19284,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307,19309,19311,19313,19315],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19286,125],{"class":124},[45,19288,109],{"class":59},[45,19290,8806],{"class":315},[45,19292,102],{"class":59},[45,19294,17269],{"class":105},[45,19296,2979],{"class":59},[45,19298,64],{"class":63},[45,19300,364],{"class":67},[45,19302,64],{"class":63},[45,19304,73],{"class":59},[45,19306,76],{"class":63},[45,19308,373],{"class":67},[45,19310,64],{"class":63},[45,19312,18047],{"class":59},[45,19314,3827],{"class":202},[45,19316,1802],{"class":59},[36,19318,19319],{"className":38,"code":19185,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,19320,19321,19351],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19322,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19324,18720],{"class":51},[45,19326,56],{"class":55},[45,19328,9156],{"class":315},[45,19330,102],{"class":59},[45,19332,17269],{"class":105},[45,19334,2979],{"class":59},[45,19336,64],{"class":63},[45,19338,1123],{"class":67},[45,19340,64],{"class":63},[45,19342,73],{"class":59},[45,19344,76],{"class":63},[45,19346,11734],{"class":67},[45,19348,64],{"class":63},[45,19350,3880],{"class":59},[45,19352,19353,19355,19357,19359],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,19354,125],{"class":124},[45,19356,109],{"class":59},[45,19358,18753],{"class":105},[45,19360,118],{"class":59},[36,19362,19363],{"className":38,"code":18713,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,19364,19365,19397,19419],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19366,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19368,18720],{"class":51},[45,19370,56],{"class":55},[45,19372,9156],{"class":315},[45,19374,102],{"class":59},[45,19376,17269],{"class":105},[45,19378,2979],{"class":59},[45,19380,64],{"class":63},[45,19382,364],{"class":67},[45,19384,64],{"class":63},[45,19386,73],{"class":59},[45,19388,76],{"class":63},[45,19390,373],{"class":67},[45,19392,64],{"class":63},[45,19394,18047],{"class":59},[45,19396,17981],{"class":59},[45,19398,19399,19401,19403,19405,19407,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,19400,18753],{"class":51},[45,19402,278],{"class":59},[45,19404,64],{"class":63},[45,19406,364],{"class":67},[45,19408,64],{"class":63},[45,19410,13535],{"class":59},[45,19412,13538],{"class":105},[45,19414,109],{"class":59},[45,19416,203],{"class":202},[45,19418,118],{"class":59},[45,19420,19421,19423,19425,19427],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,19422,125],{"class":124},[45,19424,109],{"class":59},[45,19426,18753],{"class":105},[45,19428,118],{"class":59},[36,19430,19432],{"className":38,"code":19431,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[18,19433,19434],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19435,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19437,125],{"class":124},[45,19439,109],{"class":59},[45,19441,1811],{"class":315},[45,19443,109],{"class":59},[45,19445,8806],{"class":315},[45,19447,102],{"class":59},[45,19449,17269],{"class":105},[45,19451,2979],{"class":59},[45,19453,203],{"class":202},[45,19455,73],{"class":59},[45,19457,208],{"class":202},[45,19459,73],{"class":59},[45,19461,213],{"class":202},[45,19463,18047],{"class":59},[45,19465,76],{"class":63},[45,19467,28],{"class":67},[45,19469,64],{"class":63},[45,19471,2905],{"class":59},[31,19473,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,19475,175,19477,19479],{"id":19476},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[18,19478,17204],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19481,19482],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1864,19484,19486],{"id":19485},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19488,19489,19490,102],{},"Each key gets ",[18,19491,301],{},[1864,19493,19495],{"id":19494},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19497,19498],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1864,19500,19502],{"id":19501},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19504,18137],{},[36,19506,19508],{"className":38,"code":19507,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[18,19509,19510,19542],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19511,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19513,17228],{"class":51},[45,19515,56],{"class":55},[45,19517,60],{"class":59},[45,19519,64],{"class":63},[45,19521,364],{"class":67},[45,19523,64],{"class":63},[45,19525,73],{"class":59},[45,19527,76],{"class":63},[45,19529,373],{"class":67},[45,19531,64],{"class":63},[45,19533,73],{"class":59},[45,19535,76],{"class":63},[45,19537,382],{"class":67},[45,19539,64],{"class":63},[45,19541,93],{"class":59},[45,19543,19544,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,19545,9151],{"class":51},[45,19547,56],{"class":55},[45,19549,10477],{"class":59},[45,19551,14827],{"class":51},[45,19553,1111],{"class":59},[45,19555,18189],{"class":59},[45,19557,3870],{"class":969},[45,19559,18194],{"class":51},[45,19561,976],{"class":969},[45,19563,18199],{"class":51},[45,19565,9295],{"class":59},[31,19567,1909],{"id":1908},[157,19569,19570,19574,19578,19582,19588],{},[160,19571,19572],{},[364,19573,11231],{"href":13013},[160,19575,19576],{},[364,19577,9141],{"href":13010},[160,19579,19580],{},[364,19581,11240],{"href":17888},[160,19583,19584],{},[364,19585,10724,19586,10728],{"href":14018},[18,19587,14940],{},[160,19589,19590],{},[364,19591,10724,19592,10728],{"href":14985},[18,19593,12763],{},[14,19595,141,19596,19598],{},[18,19597,17209],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1936,19600,19601],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":19603},[19604,19605,19607,19611,19612,19614,19619,19621,19628,19637,19638,19645],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":17309,"depth":96,"text":19606},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17353,"depth":96,"text":17354,"children":19608},[19609,19610],{"id":17380,"depth":121,"text":17381},{"id":17404,"depth":121,"text":17405},{"id":447,"depth":96,"text":448},{"id":17563,"depth":96,"text":19613},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17892,"depth":96,"text":17893,"children":19615},[19616,19617,19618],{"id":17922,"depth":121,"text":17923},{"id":18085,"depth":121,"text":18086},{"id":18133,"depth":121,"text":18134},{"id":18297,"depth":96,"text":19620},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18455,"depth":96,"text":19622,"children":19623},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19624,19626,19627],{"id":18466,"depth":121,"text":19625},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18531,"depth":121,"text":18532},{"id":18605,"depth":121,"text":18606},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":19629},[19630,19631,19633,19635],{"id":18709,"depth":121,"text":18710},{"id":18892,"depth":121,"text":19632},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19026,"depth":121,"text":19634},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19179,"depth":121,"text":19636},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19270,"depth":96,"text":19271},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":19639},[19640,19642,19643,19644],{"id":19476,"depth":121,"text":19641},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19485,"depth":121,"text":19486},{"id":19494,"depth":121,"text":19495},{"id":19501,"depth":121,"text":19502},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17196,"description":19646},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19653,"title":19654,"body":19655,"description":21483,"extension":1958,"meta":21484,"navigation":241,"path":21485,"seo":21486,"stem":21487,"__hash__":21488},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19656,"toc":21450},[19657,19662,19668,19679,19809,19816,19821,19825,19841,19843,19941,19944,19961,19965,19967,19972,20010,20013,20031,20033,20151,20156,20160,20176,20179,20315,20318,20323,20329,20332,20369,20372,20376,20381,20457,20461,20466,20548,20550,20566,20571,20575,20581,20650,20653,20670,20673,20755,20761,20764,20784,20788,20793,20799,20805,20876,20879,20885,20888,20962,20969,20975,20983,20993,20995,21090,21096,21101,21187,21193,21195,21199,21221,21224,21319,21322,21353,21366,21368,21376,21382,21388,21391,21397,21402,21409,21414,21416,21447],[10,19658,11307,19660,11311],{"id":19659},"python-dictionary-get-method",[18,19661,10727],{},[14,19663,19664,19665,19667],{},"The dictionary ",[18,19666,10727],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19669,19670,19671,2185,19674,1326,19676,19678],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[18,19672,19673],{},"KeyError",[18,19675,10727],{},[18,19677,301],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[36,19680,19682],{"className":38,"code":19681,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[18,19683,19684,19720,19724,19750,19775],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19685,19686,19688,19690,19692,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19687,13189],{"class":51},[45,19689,56],{"class":55},[45,19691,10477],{"class":59},[45,19693,64],{"class":63},[45,19695,7656],{"class":67},[45,19697,64],{"class":63},[45,19699,1111],{"class":59},[45,19701,76],{"class":63},[45,19703,12867],{"class":67},[45,19705,64],{"class":63},[45,19707,73],{"class":59},[45,19709,76],{"class":63},[45,19711,9285],{"class":67},[45,19713,64],{"class":63},[45,19715,1111],{"class":59},[45,19717,9292],{"class":202},[45,19719,9295],{"class":59},[45,19721,19722],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,19723,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,19725,19726,19728,19730,19732,19734,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,19727,125],{"class":124},[45,19729,109],{"class":59},[45,19731,17293],{"class":105},[45,19733,102],{"class":59},[45,19735,19736],{"class":105},"get",[45,19738,109],{"class":59},[45,19740,64],{"class":63},[45,19742,7656],{"class":67},[45,19744,64],{"class":63},[45,19746,5353],{"class":59},[45,19748,19749],{"class":137},"           # Ana\n",[45,19751,19752,19754,19756,19758,19760,19762,19764,19766,19768,19770,19772],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,19753,125],{"class":124},[45,19755,109],{"class":59},[45,19757,17293],{"class":105},[45,19759,102],{"class":59},[45,19761,19736],{"class":105},[45,19763,109],{"class":59},[45,19765,64],{"class":63},[45,19767,10395],{"class":67},[45,19769,64],{"class":63},[45,19771,5353],{"class":59},[45,19773,19774],{"class":137},"           # None\n",[45,19776,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791,19793,19795,19797,19799,19802,19804,19806],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,19778,125],{"class":124},[45,19780,109],{"class":59},[45,19782,17293],{"class":105},[45,19784,102],{"class":59},[45,19786,19736],{"class":105},[45,19788,109],{"class":59},[45,19790,64],{"class":63},[45,19792,10395],{"class":67},[45,19794,64],{"class":63},[45,19796,73],{"class":59},[45,19798,76],{"class":63},[45,19800,19801],{"class":67},"N\u002FA",[45,19803,64],{"class":63},[45,19805,5353],{"class":59},[45,19807,19808],{"class":137},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,19810,141,19811,19813,19814,102],{},[18,19812,10727],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[18,19815,19673],{},[31,19817,3671,19819,3674],{"id":19818},"what-get-does",[18,19820,10727],{},[14,19822,16,19823,11401],{},[18,19824,10727],{},[157,19826,19827,19830,19835,19838],{},[160,19828,19829],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[160,19831,11412,19832,19834],{},[18,19833,301],{}," if the key does not exist",[160,19836,19837],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[160,19839,19840],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,19842,345],{},[36,19844,19846],{"className":38,"code":19845,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[18,19847,19848,19887,19891,19916],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19849,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862,19864,19866,19869,19871,19873,19875,19878,19880,19882,19885],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19851,12850],{"class":51},[45,19853,56],{"class":55},[45,19855,10477],{"class":59},[45,19857,64],{"class":63},[45,19859,7656],{"class":67},[45,19861,64],{"class":63},[45,19863,1111],{"class":59},[45,19865,76],{"class":63},[45,19867,19868],{"class":67},"Lina",[45,19870,64],{"class":63},[45,19872,73],{"class":59},[45,19874,76],{"class":63},[45,19876,19877],{"class":67},"grade",[45,19879,64],{"class":63},[45,19881,1111],{"class":59},[45,19883,19884],{"class":202}," 90",[45,19886,9295],{"class":59},[45,19888,19889],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,19890,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,19892,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911,19913],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,19894,125],{"class":124},[45,19896,109],{"class":59},[45,19898,13611],{"class":105},[45,19900,102],{"class":59},[45,19902,19736],{"class":105},[45,19904,109],{"class":59},[45,19906,64],{"class":63},[45,19908,7656],{"class":67},[45,19910,64],{"class":63},[45,19912,5353],{"class":59},[45,19914,19915],{"class":137},"     # Lina\n",[45,19917,19918,19920,19922,19924,19926,19928,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,19919,125],{"class":124},[45,19921,109],{"class":59},[45,19923,13611],{"class":105},[45,19925,102],{"class":59},[45,19927,19736],{"class":105},[45,19929,109],{"class":59},[45,19931,64],{"class":63},[45,19933,15245],{"class":67},[45,19935,64],{"class":63},[45,19937,5353],{"class":59},[45,19939,19940],{"class":137},"    # None\n",[14,19942,19943],{},"In this example:",[157,19945,19946,19951],{},[160,19947,19948,19950],{},[18,19949,15226],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[160,19952,19953,19956,19957,1326,19959],{},[18,19954,19955],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[18,19958,10727],{},[18,19960,301],{},[14,19962,13007,19963,102],{},[364,19964,9141],{"href":9140},[31,19966,2153],{"id":2152},[14,19968,19969,19970,1111],{},"There are two common forms of ",[18,19971,10727],{},[36,19973,19975],{"className":38,"code":19974,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[18,19976,19977,19991],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19978,19979,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19980,15591],{"class":51},[45,19982,102],{"class":59},[45,19984,19736],{"class":105},[45,19986,109],{"class":59},[45,19988,14827],{"class":105},[45,19990,118],{"class":59},[45,19992,19993,19995,19997,19999,20001,20003,20005,20008],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,19994,15591],{"class":51},[45,19996,102],{"class":59},[45,19998,19736],{"class":105},[45,20000,109],{"class":59},[45,20002,14827],{"class":105},[45,20004,73],{"class":59},[45,20006,20007],{"class":105}," default_value",[45,20009,118],{"class":59},[14,20011,20012],{},"What each part means:",[157,20014,20015,20020,20026],{},[160,20016,20017,20019],{},[18,20018,14827],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[160,20021,20022,20025],{},[18,20023,20024],{},"default_value"," is optional",[160,20027,20028,20029],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[18,20030,301],{},[14,20032,345],{},[36,20034,20036],{"className":38,"code":20035,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[18,20037,20038,20062,20066,20091,20117],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20039,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20041,13811],{"class":51},[45,20043,56],{"class":55},[45,20045,10477],{"class":59},[45,20047,64],{"class":63},[45,20049,12483],{"class":67},[45,20051,64],{"class":63},[45,20053,1111],{"class":59},[45,20055,76],{"class":63},[45,20057,12492],{"class":67},[45,20059,64],{"class":63},[45,20061,9295],{"class":59},[45,20063,20064],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,20065,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,20067,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20069,125],{"class":124},[45,20071,109],{"class":59},[45,20073,13870],{"class":105},[45,20075,102],{"class":59},[45,20077,19736],{"class":105},[45,20079,109],{"class":59},[45,20081,64],{"class":63},[45,20083,12483],{"class":67},[45,20085,64],{"class":63},[45,20087,5353],{"class":59},[45,20089,20090],{"class":137},"            # dark\n",[45,20092,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20110,20112,20114],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,20094,125],{"class":124},[45,20096,109],{"class":59},[45,20098,13870],{"class":105},[45,20100,102],{"class":59},[45,20102,19736],{"class":105},[45,20104,109],{"class":59},[45,20106,64],{"class":63},[45,20108,20109],{"class":67},"language",[45,20111,64],{"class":63},[45,20113,5353],{"class":59},[45,20115,20116],{"class":137},"         # None\n",[45,20118,20119,20121,20123,20125,20127,20129,20131,20133,20135,20137,20139,20141,20144,20146,20148],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,20120,125],{"class":124},[45,20122,109],{"class":59},[45,20124,13870],{"class":105},[45,20126,102],{"class":59},[45,20128,19736],{"class":105},[45,20130,109],{"class":59},[45,20132,64],{"class":63},[45,20134,20109],{"class":67},[45,20136,64],{"class":63},[45,20138,73],{"class":59},[45,20140,76],{"class":63},[45,20142,20143],{"class":67},"en",[45,20145,64],{"class":63},[45,20147,5353],{"class":59},[45,20149,20150],{"class":137},"   # en\n",[31,20152,4952,20154],{"id":20153},"when-to-use-get",[18,20155,10727],{},[14,20157,141,20158,10588],{},[18,20159,10727],{},[157,20161,20162,20165,20170,20173],{},[160,20163,20164],{},"A key might not exist",[160,20166,20167,20168],{},"You want to avoid ",[18,20169,19673],{},[160,20171,20172],{},"You are reading optional data",[160,20174,20175],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20177,20178],{},"Example with optional user data:",[36,20180,20182],{"className":38,"code":20181,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[18,20183,20184,20226,20230,20255,20281],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20185,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200,20202,20205,20207,20209,20211,20213,20215,20217,20219,20222,20224],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20187,11477],{"class":51},[45,20189,56],{"class":55},[45,20191,10477],{"class":59},[45,20193,64],{"class":63},[45,20195,7971],{"class":67},[45,20197,64],{"class":63},[45,20199,1111],{"class":59},[45,20201,76],{"class":63},[45,20203,20204],{"class":67},"sam",[45,20206,64],{"class":63},[45,20208,73],{"class":59},[45,20210,76],{"class":63},[45,20212,15245],{"class":67},[45,20214,64],{"class":63},[45,20216,1111],{"class":59},[45,20218,76],{"class":63},[45,20220,20221],{"class":67},"sam@example.com",[45,20223,64],{"class":63},[45,20225,9295],{"class":59},[45,20227,20228],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,20229,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,20231,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20233,125],{"class":124},[45,20235,109],{"class":59},[45,20237,11571],{"class":105},[45,20239,102],{"class":59},[45,20241,19736],{"class":105},[45,20243,109],{"class":59},[45,20245,64],{"class":63},[45,20247,7971],{"class":67},[45,20249,64],{"class":63},[45,20251,5353],{"class":59},[45,20253,20254],{"class":137},"              # sam\n",[45,20256,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269,20271,20274,20276,20278],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,20258,125],{"class":124},[45,20260,109],{"class":59},[45,20262,11571],{"class":105},[45,20264,102],{"class":59},[45,20266,19736],{"class":105},[45,20268,109],{"class":59},[45,20270,64],{"class":63},[45,20272,20273],{"class":67},"phone",[45,20275,64],{"class":63},[45,20277,5353],{"class":59},[45,20279,20280],{"class":137},"                 # None\n",[45,20282,20283,20285,20287,20289,20291,20293,20295,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305,20308,20310,20312],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,20284,125],{"class":124},[45,20286,109],{"class":59},[45,20288,11571],{"class":105},[45,20290,102],{"class":59},[45,20292,19736],{"class":105},[45,20294,109],{"class":59},[45,20296,64],{"class":63},[45,20298,20273],{"class":67},[45,20300,64],{"class":63},[45,20302,73],{"class":59},[45,20304,76],{"class":63},[45,20306,20307],{"class":67},"Not provided",[45,20309,64],{"class":63},[45,20311,5353],{"class":59},[45,20313,20314],{"class":137}," # Not provided\n",[14,20316,20317],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20319,20320,20321,102],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[364,20322,16583],{"href":16582},[31,20324,20326,20328],{"id":20325},"get-vs-square-brackets",[18,20327,10727],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20330,20331],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[36,20333,20335],{"className":38,"code":20334,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[18,20336,20337,20351],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20338,20339,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20340,9190],{"class":51},[45,20342,278],{"class":59},[45,20344,64],{"class":63},[45,20346,14827],{"class":67},[45,20348,64],{"class":63},[45,20350,93],{"class":59},[45,20352,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363,20365,20367],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,20354,9190],{"class":51},[45,20356,102],{"class":59},[45,20358,19736],{"class":105},[45,20360,109],{"class":59},[45,20362,64],{"class":63},[45,20364,14827],{"class":67},[45,20366,64],{"class":63},[45,20368,118],{"class":59},[14,20370,20371],{},"The difference is important.",[1864,20373,20375],{"id":20374},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20377,20378,20379,102],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[18,20380,19673],{},[36,20382,20384],{"className":38,"code":20383,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[18,20385,20386,20410,20414,20436],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20387,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400,20402,20404,20406,20408],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20389,9151],{"class":51},[45,20391,56],{"class":55},[45,20393,10477],{"class":59},[45,20395,64],{"class":63},[45,20397,7656],{"class":67},[45,20399,64],{"class":63},[45,20401,1111],{"class":59},[45,20403,76],{"class":63},[45,20405,12867],{"class":67},[45,20407,64],{"class":63},[45,20409,9295],{"class":59},[45,20411,20412],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,20413,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,20415,20416,20418,20420,20422,20424,20426,20428,20430,20433],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20417,125],{"class":124},[45,20419,109],{"class":59},[45,20421,9190],{"class":105},[45,20423,278],{"class":59},[45,20425,64],{"class":63},[45,20427,7656],{"class":67},[45,20429,64],{"class":63},[45,20431,20432],{"class":59},"])",[45,20434,20435],{"class":137},"   # Ana\n",[45,20437,20438,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20454],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,20439,125],{"class":124},[45,20441,109],{"class":59},[45,20443,9190],{"class":105},[45,20445,278],{"class":59},[45,20447,64],{"class":63},[45,20449,10395],{"class":67},[45,20451,64],{"class":63},[45,20453,20432],{"class":59},[45,20455,20456],{"class":137},"   # KeyError\n",[1864,20458,20459],{"id":19736},[18,20460,10727],{},[14,20462,20463,20465],{},[18,20464,10727],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[36,20467,20469],{"className":38,"code":20468,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[18,20470,20471,20495,20499,20523],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20472,20473,20475,20477,20479,20481,20483,20485,20487,20489,20491,20493],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20474,9151],{"class":51},[45,20476,56],{"class":55},[45,20478,10477],{"class":59},[45,20480,64],{"class":63},[45,20482,7656],{"class":67},[45,20484,64],{"class":63},[45,20486,1111],{"class":59},[45,20488,76],{"class":63},[45,20490,12867],{"class":67},[45,20492,64],{"class":63},[45,20494,9295],{"class":59},[45,20496,20497],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,20498,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,20500,20501,20503,20505,20507,20509,20511,20513,20515,20517,20519,20521],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20502,125],{"class":124},[45,20504,109],{"class":59},[45,20506,9190],{"class":105},[45,20508,102],{"class":59},[45,20510,19736],{"class":105},[45,20512,109],{"class":59},[45,20514,64],{"class":63},[45,20516,7656],{"class":67},[45,20518,64],{"class":63},[45,20520,5353],{"class":59},[45,20522,20435],{"class":137},[45,20524,20525,20527,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20541,20543,20545],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,20526,125],{"class":124},[45,20528,109],{"class":59},[45,20530,9190],{"class":105},[45,20532,102],{"class":59},[45,20534,19736],{"class":105},[45,20536,109],{"class":59},[45,20538,64],{"class":63},[45,20540,10395],{"class":67},[45,20542,64],{"class":63},[45,20544,5353],{"class":59},[45,20546,20547],{"class":137},"   # None\n",[14,20549,18680],{},[157,20551,20552,20558],{},[160,20553,20554,20555],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[26,20556,20557],{},"must exist",[160,20559,20560,20562,20563],{},[18,20561,10727],{}," when the key is ",[26,20564,20565],{},"optional",[14,20567,20568,20569,102],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[364,20570,11251],{"href":11062},[31,20572,20574],{"id":20573},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20576,20577,20578,20580],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[18,20579,10727],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[36,20582,20584],{"className":38,"code":20583,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[18,20585,20586,20611,20615],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20587,20588,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20589,20590],{"class":51},"profile ",[45,20592,56],{"class":55},[45,20594,10477],{"class":59},[45,20596,64],{"class":63},[45,20598,7656],{"class":67},[45,20600,64],{"class":63},[45,20602,1111],{"class":59},[45,20604,76],{"class":63},[45,20606,7907],{"class":67},[45,20608,64],{"class":63},[45,20610,9295],{"class":59},[45,20612,20613],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,20614,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,20616,20617,20619,20621,20624,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20643,20645,20647],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20618,125],{"class":124},[45,20620,109],{"class":59},[45,20622,20623],{"class":105},"profile",[45,20625,102],{"class":59},[45,20627,19736],{"class":105},[45,20629,109],{"class":59},[45,20631,64],{"class":63},[45,20633,15248],{"class":67},[45,20635,64],{"class":63},[45,20637,73],{"class":59},[45,20639,76],{"class":63},[45,20641,20642],{"class":67},"Unknown",[45,20644,64],{"class":63},[45,20646,5353],{"class":59},[45,20648,20649],{"class":137},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20651,20652],{},"This is useful for display text:",[157,20654,20655,20660,20665],{},[160,20656,20657],{},[18,20658,20659],{},"\"Unknown\"",[160,20661,20662],{},[18,20663,20664],{},"\"Not set\"",[160,20666,20667],{},[18,20668,20669],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20671,20672],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[36,20674,20676],{"className":38,"code":20675,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[18,20677,20678,20710,20714,20741],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20679,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688,20690,20692,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20681,578],{"class":51},[45,20683,56],{"class":55},[45,20685,10477],{"class":59},[45,20687,64],{"class":63},[45,20689,18402],{"class":67},[45,20691,64],{"class":63},[45,20693,1111],{"class":59},[45,20695,5991],{"class":202},[45,20697,73],{"class":59},[45,20699,76],{"class":63},[45,20701,18411],{"class":67},[45,20703,64],{"class":63},[45,20705,1111],{"class":59},[45,20707,6347],{"class":202},[45,20709,9295],{"class":59},[45,20711,20712],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,20713,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,20715,20716,20719,20721,20723,20725,20727,20729,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20717,20718],{"class":51},"total_history ",[45,20720,56],{"class":55},[45,20722,5101],{"class":51},[45,20724,102],{"class":59},[45,20726,19736],{"class":105},[45,20728,109],{"class":59},[45,20730,64],{"class":63},[45,20732,18420],{"class":67},[45,20734,64],{"class":63},[45,20736,73],{"class":59},[45,20738,3827],{"class":202},[45,20740,118],{"class":59},[45,20742,20743,20745,20747,20750,20752],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,20744,125],{"class":124},[45,20746,109],{"class":59},[45,20748,20749],{"class":105},"total_history",[45,20751,3654],{"class":59},[45,20753,20754],{"class":137},"   # 0\n",[14,20756,20757,20758,20760],{},"Here, ",[18,20759,2114],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20762,20763],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[157,20765,20766,20769,20774,20779],{},[160,20767,20768],{},"Use a string for text",[160,20770,141,20771,20773],{},[18,20772,2114],{}," for numbers",[160,20775,141,20776,20778],{},[18,20777,3780],{}," for lists if needed",[160,20780,141,20781,20783],{},[18,20782,3785],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[31,20785,20787],{"id":20786},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,20789,20790,20791,102],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[18,20792,10727],{},[1864,20794,20796,20798],{"id":20795},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[18,20797,10727],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,20800,20801,20802,20804],{},"This code does ",[26,20803,178],{}," create a new key:",[36,20806,20808],{"className":38,"code":20807,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,20809,20810,20834,20838,20863],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20811,20812,20814,20816,20818,20820,20822,20824,20826,20828,20830,20832],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20813,13189],{"class":51},[45,20815,56],{"class":55},[45,20817,10477],{"class":59},[45,20819,64],{"class":63},[45,20821,7656],{"class":67},[45,20823,64],{"class":63},[45,20825,1111],{"class":59},[45,20827,76],{"class":63},[45,20829,12867],{"class":67},[45,20831,64],{"class":63},[45,20833,9295],{"class":59},[45,20835,20836],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,20837,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,20839,20840,20842,20844,20846,20848,20850,20852,20854,20856,20858,20860],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20841,125],{"class":124},[45,20843,109],{"class":59},[45,20845,17293],{"class":105},[45,20847,102],{"class":59},[45,20849,19736],{"class":105},[45,20851,109],{"class":59},[45,20853,64],{"class":63},[45,20855,10395],{"class":67},[45,20857,64],{"class":63},[45,20859,5353],{"class":59},[45,20861,20862],{"class":137},"  # None\n",[45,20864,20865,20867,20869,20871,20873],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,20866,125],{"class":124},[45,20868,109],{"class":59},[45,20870,17293],{"class":105},[45,20872,3654],{"class":59},[45,20874,20875],{"class":137},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,20877,20878],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1864,20880,20882,20884],{"id":20881},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[18,20883,10727],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,20886,20887],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[36,20889,20891],{"className":38,"code":20890,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[18,20892,20893,20919,20923,20949],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20894,20895,20897,20899,20901,20903,20906,20908,20910,20912,20915,20917],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20896,13811],{"class":51},[45,20898,56],{"class":55},[45,20900,10477],{"class":59},[45,20902,64],{"class":63},[45,20904,20905],{"class":67},"mode",[45,20907,64],{"class":63},[45,20909,1111],{"class":59},[45,20911,76],{"class":63},[45,20913,20914],{"class":67},"light",[45,20916,64],{"class":63},[45,20918,9295],{"class":59},[45,20920,20921],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,20922,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,20924,20925,20927,20929,20931,20933,20935,20937,20939,20941,20943,20945,20947],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20926,13870],{"class":51},[45,20928,102],{"class":59},[45,20930,19736],{"class":105},[45,20932,109],{"class":59},[45,20934,64],{"class":63},[45,20936,12483],{"class":67},[45,20938,64],{"class":63},[45,20940,73],{"class":59},[45,20942,76],{"class":63},[45,20944,12492],{"class":67},[45,20946,64],{"class":63},[45,20948,118],{"class":59},[45,20950,20951,20953,20955,20957,20959],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,20952,125],{"class":124},[45,20954,109],{"class":59},[45,20956,13870],{"class":105},[45,20958,3654],{"class":59},[45,20960,20961],{"class":137},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,20963,20964,20965,20968],{},"Even though ",[18,20966,20967],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1864,20970,20972,20973],{"id":20971},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[18,20974,301],{},[14,20976,20977,20978,1326,20980,20982],{},"Sometimes ",[18,20979,10727],{},[18,20981,301],{}," because:",[157,20984,20985,20988],{},[160,20986,20987],{},"The key is missing, or",[160,20989,20990,20991],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[18,20992,301],{},[14,20994,345],{},[36,20996,20998],{"className":38,"code":20997,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[18,20999,21000,21037,21041,21065],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21001,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010,21012,21014,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024,21026,21029,21031,21033,21035],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21003,9151],{"class":51},[45,21005,56],{"class":55},[45,21007,10477],{"class":59},[45,21009,64],{"class":63},[45,21011,7656],{"class":67},[45,21013,64],{"class":63},[45,21015,1111],{"class":59},[45,21017,76],{"class":63},[45,21019,12867],{"class":67},[45,21021,64],{"class":63},[45,21023,73],{"class":59},[45,21025,76],{"class":63},[45,21027,21028],{"class":67},"nickname",[45,21030,64],{"class":63},[45,21032,1111],{"class":59},[45,21034,3846],{"class":291},[45,21036,9295],{"class":59},[45,21038,21039],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,21040,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,21042,21043,21045,21047,21049,21051,21053,21055,21057,21059,21061,21063],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,21044,125],{"class":124},[45,21046,109],{"class":59},[45,21048,9190],{"class":105},[45,21050,102],{"class":59},[45,21052,19736],{"class":105},[45,21054,109],{"class":59},[45,21056,64],{"class":63},[45,21058,21028],{"class":67},[45,21060,64],{"class":63},[45,21062,5353],{"class":59},[45,21064,20862],{"class":137},[45,21066,21067,21069,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079,21081,21083,21085,21087],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,21068,125],{"class":124},[45,21070,109],{"class":59},[45,21072,9190],{"class":105},[45,21074,102],{"class":59},[45,21076,19736],{"class":105},[45,21078,109],{"class":59},[45,21080,64],{"class":63},[45,21082,10395],{"class":67},[45,21084,64],{"class":63},[45,21086,5353],{"class":59},[45,21088,21089],{"class":137},"      # None\n",[14,21091,21092,21093,21095],{},"Both lines print ",[18,21094,301],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,21097,21098,21099,1111],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[18,21100,976],{},[36,21102,21104],{"className":38,"code":21103,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[18,21105,21106,21142,21146,21166],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21107,21108,21110,21112,21114,21116,21118,21120,21122,21124,21126,21128,21130,21132,21134,21136,21138,21140],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21109,9151],{"class":51},[45,21111,56],{"class":55},[45,21113,10477],{"class":59},[45,21115,64],{"class":63},[45,21117,7656],{"class":67},[45,21119,64],{"class":63},[45,21121,1111],{"class":59},[45,21123,76],{"class":63},[45,21125,12867],{"class":67},[45,21127,64],{"class":63},[45,21129,73],{"class":59},[45,21131,76],{"class":63},[45,21133,21028],{"class":67},[45,21135,64],{"class":63},[45,21137,1111],{"class":59},[45,21139,3846],{"class":291},[45,21141,9295],{"class":59},[45,21143,21144],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,21145,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,21147,21148,21150,21152,21154,21156,21158,21160,21162,21164],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,21149,125],{"class":124},[45,21151,109],{"class":59},[45,21153,64],{"class":63},[45,21155,21028],{"class":67},[45,21157,64],{"class":63},[45,21159,1134],{"class":969},[45,21161,14552],{"class":105},[45,21163,3654],{"class":59},[45,21165,3657],{"class":137},[45,21167,21168,21170,21172,21174,21176,21178,21180,21182,21184],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,21169,125],{"class":124},[45,21171,109],{"class":59},[45,21173,64],{"class":63},[45,21175,10395],{"class":67},[45,21177,64],{"class":63},[45,21179,1134],{"class":969},[45,21181,14552],{"class":105},[45,21183,3654],{"class":59},[45,21185,21186],{"class":137},"      # False\n",[14,21188,21189,21190,102],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[364,21191,21192],{"href":17139},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[31,21194,1709],{"id":1708},[14,21196,1712,21197,1111],{},[18,21198,10727],{},[157,21200,21201,21206,21213,21218],{},[160,21202,21203,21204],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[18,21205,19673],{},[160,21207,4695,21208,1326,21210,21212],{},[18,21209,10727],{},[18,21211,301],{}," if no default is provided",[160,21214,4570,21215,21217],{},[18,21216,10727],{}," creates a key automatically",[160,21219,21220],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21222,21223],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[36,21225,21227],{"className":38,"code":21226,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[18,21228,21229,21239,21253,21271,21293],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21230,21231,21233,21235,21237],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21232,125],{"class":124},[45,21234,109],{"class":59},[45,21236,11438],{"class":105},[45,21238,118],{"class":59},[45,21240,21241,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,21242,125],{"class":124},[45,21244,109],{"class":59},[45,21246,11438],{"class":105},[45,21248,102],{"class":59},[45,21250,16909],{"class":105},[45,21252,7181],{"class":59},[45,21254,21255,21257,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,21256,125],{"class":124},[45,21258,109],{"class":59},[45,21260,429],{"class":63},[45,21262,7656],{"class":67},[45,21264,429],{"class":63},[45,21266,1134],{"class":969},[45,21268,11755],{"class":105},[45,21270,118],{"class":59},[45,21272,21273,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283,21285,21287,21289,21291],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,21274,125],{"class":124},[45,21276,109],{"class":59},[45,21278,11438],{"class":105},[45,21280,102],{"class":59},[45,21282,19736],{"class":105},[45,21284,109],{"class":59},[45,21286,429],{"class":63},[45,21288,7656],{"class":67},[45,21290,429],{"class":63},[45,21292,1802],{"class":59},[45,21294,21295,21297,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307,21309,21311,21313,21315,21317],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,21296,125],{"class":124},[45,21298,109],{"class":59},[45,21300,1811],{"class":315},[45,21302,109],{"class":59},[45,21304,11438],{"class":105},[45,21306,102],{"class":59},[45,21308,19736],{"class":105},[45,21310,109],{"class":59},[45,21312,429],{"class":63},[45,21314,7656],{"class":67},[45,21316,429],{"class":63},[45,21318,2905],{"class":59},[14,21320,21321],{},"What these checks tell you:",[157,21323,21324,21329,21335,21341,21347],{},[160,21325,21326,21328],{},[18,21327,12667],{}," shows the full dictionary",[160,21330,21331,21334],{},[18,21332,21333],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[160,21336,21337,21340],{},[18,21338,21339],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[160,21342,21343,21346],{},[18,21344,21345],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[160,21348,21349,21352],{},[18,21350,21351],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21354,21355,21356,1301,21361,21365],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[364,21357,21358,21359,10728],{"href":17048},"the dictionary ",[18,21360,17051],{},[364,21362,21358,21363,10728],{"href":17061},[18,21364,17064],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[31,21367,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,21369,175,21371,21373,21374,2485],{"id":21370},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[18,21372,10727],{}," raise ",[18,21375,19673],{},[14,21377,21378,21379,21381],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[18,21380,301],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1864,21383,175,21385,21387],{"id":21384},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[18,21386,10727],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21389,21390],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1864,21392,21394,21395,2485],{"id":21393},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[18,21396,10727],{},[14,21398,21399,21401],{},[18,21400,301],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1864,21403,21405,21406,21408],{"id":21404},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[18,21407,10727],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21410,141,21411,21413],{},[18,21412,10727],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[31,21415,1909],{"id":1908},[157,21417,21418,21422,21428,21434,21438,21443],{},[160,21419,21420],{},[364,21421,9141],{"href":9140},[160,21423,21424],{},[364,21425,10724,21426,10728],{"href":17048},[18,21427,17051],{},[160,21429,21430],{},[364,21431,10724,21432,10728],{"href":17061},[18,21433,17064],{},[160,21435,21436],{},[364,21437,17140],{"href":17139},[160,21439,21440],{},[364,21441,21442],{"href":16582},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[160,21444,21445],{},[364,21446,11251],{"href":11062},[1936,21448,21449],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21460,21461],{"id":20374,"depth":121,"text":20375},{"id":19736,"depth":121,"text":10727},{"id":20573,"depth":96,"text":20574},{"id":20786,"depth":96,"text":20787,"children":21464},[21465,21467,21469],{"id":20795,"depth":121,"text":21466},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20881,"depth":121,"text":21468},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20971,"depth":121,"text":21470},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":21473},[21474,21476,21478,21480],{"id":21370,"depth":121,"text":21475},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21384,"depth":121,"text":21477},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21393,"depth":121,"text":21479},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21404,"depth":121,"text":21481},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19654,"description":21483},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21490,"title":21491,"body":21492,"description":24046,"extension":1958,"meta":24047,"navigation":241,"path":24048,"seo":24049,"stem":24050,"__hash__":24051},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21493,"toc":24012},[21494,21499,21505,21511,21513,21594,21598,21615,21620,21625,21630,21632,21646,21648,21711,21715,21755,21763,21765,21767,21782,21785,21798,21800,21879,21883,21949,21951,21955,21963,21965,21976,21978,22088,22092,22171,22177,22183,22188,22301,22305,22337,22340,22447,22453,22460,22464,22467,22568,22572,22633,22636,22639,22650,22659,22662,22679,22681,22780,22784,22859,22862,22885,22890,22895,22912,22914,23035,23039,23073,23075,23080,23087,23097,23099,23177,23180,23251,23261,23264,23296,23299,23338,23344,23351,23354,23445,23449,23530,23536,23539,23542,23647,23650,23653,23775,23779,23782,23849,23853,23890,23896,23898,23904,23909,23915,23922,23928,23931,23970,23976,23979,23981,24009],[10,21495,11307,21497,11311],{"id":21496},"python-dictionary-items-method",[18,21498,17064],{},[14,21500,16,21501,21504],{},[18,21502,21503],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21506,21507,21508,21510],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[18,21509,17064],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[31,21512,34],{"id":33},[36,21514,21516],{"className":38,"code":21515,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,21517,21518,21554,21558,21580],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21519,21520,21522,21524,21526,21528,21530,21532,21534,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21521,13189],{"class":51},[45,21523,56],{"class":55},[45,21525,10477],{"class":59},[45,21527,64],{"class":63},[45,21529,7656],{"class":67},[45,21531,64],{"class":63},[45,21533,1111],{"class":59},[45,21535,76],{"class":63},[45,21537,12867],{"class":67},[45,21539,64],{"class":63},[45,21541,73],{"class":59},[45,21543,76],{"class":63},[45,21545,9285],{"class":67},[45,21547,64],{"class":63},[45,21549,1111],{"class":59},[45,21551,9292],{"class":202},[45,21553,9295],{"class":59},[45,21555,21556],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,21557,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,21559,21560,21562,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,21561,970],{"class":969},[45,21563,21564],{"class":51}," key",[45,21566,73],{"class":59},[45,21568,1205],{"class":51},[45,21570,976],{"class":969},[45,21572,13232],{"class":51},[45,21574,102],{"class":59},[45,21576,99],{"class":105},[45,21578,21579],{"class":59},"():\n",[45,21581,21582,21584,21586,21588,21590,21592],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,21583,8055],{"class":124},[45,21585,109],{"class":59},[45,21587,14827],{"class":105},[45,21589,73],{"class":59},[45,21591,8417],{"class":105},[45,21593,118],{"class":59},[14,21595,21596],{},[26,21597,268],{},[36,21599,21601],{"className":38,"code":21600,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[18,21602,21603,21608],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21604,21605],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21606,21607],{"class":51},"name Ana\n",[45,21609,21610,21613],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,21611,21612],{"class":51},"age ",[45,21614,2703],{"class":202},[14,21616,141,21617,21619],{},[18,21618,17064],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[31,21621,3671,21623,3674],{"id":21622},"what-items-does",[18,21624,17064],{},[14,21626,21627,21629],{},[18,21628,17064],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21631,11447],{},[157,21633,21634,21640,21643],{},[160,21635,21636,21637],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[18,21638,21639],{},"(key, value)",[160,21641,21642],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[160,21644,21645],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21647,345],{},[36,21649,21651],{"className":38,"code":21650,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,21652,21653,21689,21693],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21654,21655,21657,21659,21661,21663,21665,21667,21669,21671,21673,21675,21677,21679,21681,21683,21685,21687],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21656,13189],{"class":51},[45,21658,56],{"class":55},[45,21660,10477],{"class":59},[45,21662,64],{"class":63},[45,21664,7656],{"class":67},[45,21666,64],{"class":63},[45,21668,1111],{"class":59},[45,21670,76],{"class":63},[45,21672,12867],{"class":67},[45,21674,64],{"class":63},[45,21676,73],{"class":59},[45,21678,76],{"class":63},[45,21680,9285],{"class":67},[45,21682,64],{"class":63},[45,21684,1111],{"class":59},[45,21686,9292],{"class":202},[45,21688,9295],{"class":59},[45,21690,21691],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,21692,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,21694,21695,21697,21699,21701,21703,21705,21707,21709],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,21696,125],{"class":124},[45,21698,109],{"class":59},[45,21700,316],{"class":315},[45,21702,109],{"class":59},[45,21704,17293],{"class":105},[45,21706,102],{"class":59},[45,21708,99],{"class":105},[45,21710,6277],{"class":59},[14,21712,21713],{},[26,21714,268],{},[36,21716,21718],{"className":38,"code":21717,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,21719,21720],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21721,21722,21725,21727,21729,21731,21733,21735,21737,21739,21741,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21723,21724],{"class":59},"[(",[45,21726,429],{"class":63},[45,21728,7656],{"class":67},[45,21730,429],{"class":63},[45,21732,73],{"class":59},[45,21734,438],{"class":63},[45,21736,12867],{"class":67},[45,21738,429],{"class":63},[45,21740,9219],{"class":59},[45,21742,9222],{"class":59},[45,21744,429],{"class":63},[45,21746,9285],{"class":67},[45,21748,429],{"class":63},[45,21750,73],{"class":59},[45,21752,9292],{"class":202},[45,21754,9235],{"class":59},[14,21756,21757,21758,1742,21760,102],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[364,21759,9141],{"href":13010},[364,21761,15011],{"href":21762},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[31,21764,2153],{"id":2152},[14,21766,5424],{},[36,21768,21770],{"className":38,"code":21769,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict.items()\n",[18,21771,21772],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21773,21774,21776,21778,21780],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21775,11438],{"class":51},[45,21777,102],{"class":59},[45,21779,99],{"class":105},[45,21781,8627],{"class":59},[14,21783,21784],{},"Things to remember:",[157,21786,21787,21792,21795],{},[160,21788,21789,21791],{},[18,21790,17064],{}," does not take any arguments",[160,21793,21794],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[160,21796,21797],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,21799,345],{},[36,21801,21803],{"className":38,"code":21802,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,21804,21805,21837,21841,21855,21859,21869],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21806,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817,21819,21821,21823,21825,21827,21829,21831,21833,21835],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21808,578],{"class":51},[45,21810,56],{"class":55},[45,21812,10477],{"class":59},[45,21814,64],{"class":63},[45,21816,4995],{"class":67},[45,21818,64],{"class":63},[45,21820,1111],{"class":59},[45,21822,19884],{"class":202},[45,21824,73],{"class":59},[45,21826,76],{"class":63},[45,21828,5004],{"class":67},[45,21830,64],{"class":63},[45,21832,1111],{"class":59},[45,21834,13492],{"class":202},[45,21836,9295],{"class":59},[45,21838,21839],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,21840,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,21842,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851,21853],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,21844,220],{"class":51},[45,21846,56],{"class":55},[45,21848,5101],{"class":51},[45,21850,102],{"class":59},[45,21852,99],{"class":105},[45,21854,8627],{"class":59},[45,21856,21857],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,21858,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,21860,21861,21863,21865,21867],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,21862,125],{"class":124},[45,21864,109],{"class":59},[45,21866,263],{"class":105},[45,21868,118],{"class":59},[45,21870,21871,21873,21875,21877],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,21872,125],{"class":124},[45,21874,109],{"class":59},[45,21876,607],{"class":105},[45,21878,118],{"class":59},[14,21880,21881],{},[26,21882,268],{},[36,21884,21886],{"className":38,"code":21885,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[18,21887,21888,21921],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21889,21890,21893,21895,21897,21899,21901,21903,21905,21907,21909,21911,21913,21915,21917,21919],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21891,21892],{"class":105},"dict_items",[45,21894,9644],{"class":59},[45,21896,429],{"class":63},[45,21898,4995],{"class":67},[45,21900,429],{"class":63},[45,21902,73],{"class":59},[45,21904,19884],{"class":202},[45,21906,9219],{"class":59},[45,21908,9222],{"class":59},[45,21910,429],{"class":63},[45,21912,5004],{"class":67},[45,21914,429],{"class":63},[45,21916,73],{"class":59},[45,21918,13492],{"class":202},[45,21920,10666],{"class":59},[45,21922,21923,21925,21927,21929,21931,21933,21935,21937,21939,21941,21943,21945,21947],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,21924,9264],{"class":59},[45,21926,429],{"class":63},[45,21928,4995],{"class":67},[45,21930,429],{"class":63},[45,21932,1111],{"class":59},[45,21934,19884],{"class":202},[45,21936,73],{"class":59},[45,21938,438],{"class":63},[45,21940,5004],{"class":67},[45,21942,429],{"class":63},[45,21944,1111],{"class":59},[45,21946,13492],{"class":202},[45,21948,9295],{"class":59},[14,21950,20878],{},[31,21952,21954],{"id":21953},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,21956,21957,21959,21960,21962],{},[18,21958,17064],{}," returns a ",[18,21961,21892],{}," view object.",[14,21964,2101],{},[157,21966,21967,21970,21973],{},[160,21968,21969],{},"You can loop over it",[160,21971,21972],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[160,21974,21975],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,21977,345],{},[36,21979,21981],{"className":38,"code":21980,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,21982,21983,22015,22029,22033,22047,22051,22070,22074],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21984,21985,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995,21997,21999,22001,22003,22005,22007,22009,22011,22013],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21986,9151],{"class":51},[45,21988,56],{"class":55},[45,21990,10477],{"class":59},[45,21992,64],{"class":63},[45,21994,1123],{"class":67},[45,21996,64],{"class":63},[45,21998,1111],{"class":59},[45,22000,5488],{"class":202},[45,22002,73],{"class":59},[45,22004,76],{"class":63},[45,22006,11734],{"class":67},[45,22008,64],{"class":63},[45,22010,1111],{"class":59},[45,22012,208],{"class":202},[45,22014,9295],{"class":59},[45,22016,22017,22019,22021,22023,22025,22027],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,22018,9201],{"class":51},[45,22020,56],{"class":55},[45,22022,14552],{"class":51},[45,22024,102],{"class":59},[45,22026,99],{"class":105},[45,22028,8627],{"class":59},[45,22030,22031],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22032,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,22034,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,22036,125],{"class":124},[45,22038,109],{"class":59},[45,22040,316],{"class":315},[45,22042,109],{"class":59},[45,22044,9248],{"class":105},[45,22046,1802],{"class":59},[45,22048,22049],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,22050,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,22052,22053,22055,22057,22059,22062,22064,22066,22068],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,22054,9190],{"class":51},[45,22056,278],{"class":59},[45,22058,64],{"class":63},[45,22060,22061],{"class":67},"z",[45,22063,64],{"class":63},[45,22065,13258],{"class":59},[45,22067,13261],{"class":55},[45,22069,2571],{"class":202},[45,22071,22072],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,22073,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,22075,22076,22078,22080,22082,22084,22086],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,22077,125],{"class":124},[45,22079,109],{"class":59},[45,22081,316],{"class":315},[45,22083,109],{"class":59},[45,22085,9248],{"class":105},[45,22087,1802],{"class":59},[14,22089,22090],{},[26,22091,268],{},[36,22093,22095],{"className":38,"code":22094,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[18,22096,22097,22127],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22098,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107,22109,22111,22113,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22100,21724],{"class":59},[45,22102,429],{"class":63},[45,22104,1123],{"class":67},[45,22106,429],{"class":63},[45,22108,73],{"class":59},[45,22110,5488],{"class":202},[45,22112,9219],{"class":59},[45,22114,9222],{"class":59},[45,22116,429],{"class":63},[45,22118,11734],{"class":67},[45,22120,429],{"class":63},[45,22122,73],{"class":59},[45,22124,208],{"class":202},[45,22126,9235],{"class":59},[45,22128,22129,22131,22133,22135,22137,22139,22141,22143,22145,22147,22149,22151,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,22130,21724],{"class":59},[45,22132,429],{"class":63},[45,22134,1123],{"class":67},[45,22136,429],{"class":63},[45,22138,73],{"class":59},[45,22140,5488],{"class":202},[45,22142,9219],{"class":59},[45,22144,9222],{"class":59},[45,22146,429],{"class":63},[45,22148,11734],{"class":67},[45,22150,429],{"class":63},[45,22152,73],{"class":59},[45,22154,208],{"class":202},[45,22156,9219],{"class":59},[45,22158,9222],{"class":59},[45,22160,429],{"class":63},[45,22162,22061],{"class":67},[45,22164,429],{"class":63},[45,22166,73],{"class":59},[45,22168,213],{"class":202},[45,22170,9235],{"class":59},[14,22172,22173,22174,22176],{},"This happens because ",[18,22175,9248],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[31,22178,22180,22181],{"id":22179},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[18,22182,17064],{},[14,22184,22185,22186,1111],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[18,22187,17064],{},[36,22189,22191],{"className":38,"code":22190,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,22192,22193,22246,22250,22270],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22194,22195,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225,22227,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22196,12850],{"class":51},[45,22198,56],{"class":55},[45,22200,10477],{"class":59},[45,22202,64],{"class":63},[45,22204,7656],{"class":67},[45,22206,64],{"class":63},[45,22208,1111],{"class":59},[45,22210,76],{"class":63},[45,22212,7907],{"class":67},[45,22214,64],{"class":63},[45,22216,73],{"class":59},[45,22218,76],{"class":63},[45,22220,19877],{"class":67},[45,22222,64],{"class":63},[45,22224,1111],{"class":59},[45,22226,76],{"class":63},[45,22228,22229],{"class":67},"A",[45,22231,64],{"class":63},[45,22233,73],{"class":59},[45,22235,76],{"class":63},[45,22237,9285],{"class":67},[45,22239,64],{"class":63},[45,22241,1111],{"class":59},[45,22243,13843],{"class":202},[45,22245,9295],{"class":59},[45,22247,22248],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,22249,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,22251,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22253,970],{"class":969},[45,22255,21564],{"class":51},[45,22257,73],{"class":59},[45,22259,1205],{"class":51},[45,22261,976],{"class":969},[45,22263,12893],{"class":51},[45,22265,102],{"class":59},[45,22267,99],{"class":105},[45,22269,21579],{"class":59},[45,22271,22272,22274,22276,22279,22281,22283,22285,22288,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,22273,8055],{"class":124},[45,22275,109],{"class":59},[45,22277,22278],{"class":2059},"f",[45,22280,64],{"class":67},[45,22282,9264],{"class":202},[45,22284,14827],{"class":105},[45,22286,22287],{"class":202},"}",[45,22289,22290],{"class":67},": ",[45,22292,9264],{"class":202},[45,22294,28],{"class":105},[45,22296,22287],{"class":202},[45,22298,64],{"class":67},[45,22300,118],{"class":59},[14,22302,22303],{},[26,22304,268],{},[36,22306,22308],{"className":38,"code":22307,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[18,22309,22310,22319,22328],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22311,22312,22314,22316],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22313,7656],{"class":51},[45,22315,1111],{"class":59},[45,22317,22318],{"class":51}," Mia\n",[45,22320,22321,22323,22325],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,22322,19877],{"class":51},[45,22324,1111],{"class":59},[45,22326,22327],{"class":51}," A\n",[45,22329,22330,22332,22334],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22331,9285],{"class":51},[45,22333,1111],{"class":59},[45,22335,22336],{"class":202}," 14\n",[14,22338,22339],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[36,22341,22343],{"className":38,"code":22342,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[18,22344,22345,22397,22401,22413],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22346,22347,22349,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22348,12850],{"class":51},[45,22350,56],{"class":55},[45,22352,10477],{"class":59},[45,22354,64],{"class":63},[45,22356,7656],{"class":67},[45,22358,64],{"class":63},[45,22360,1111],{"class":59},[45,22362,76],{"class":63},[45,22364,7907],{"class":67},[45,22366,64],{"class":63},[45,22368,73],{"class":59},[45,22370,76],{"class":63},[45,22372,19877],{"class":67},[45,22374,64],{"class":63},[45,22376,1111],{"class":59},[45,22378,76],{"class":63},[45,22380,22229],{"class":67},[45,22382,64],{"class":63},[45,22384,73],{"class":59},[45,22386,76],{"class":63},[45,22388,9285],{"class":67},[45,22390,64],{"class":63},[45,22392,1111],{"class":59},[45,22394,13843],{"class":202},[45,22396,9295],{"class":59},[45,22398,22399],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,22400,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,22402,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22404,970],{"class":969},[45,22406,18194],{"class":51},[45,22408,976],{"class":969},[45,22410,12893],{"class":51},[45,22412,1213],{"class":59},[45,22414,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,22416,8055],{"class":124},[45,22418,109],{"class":59},[45,22420,22278],{"class":2059},[45,22422,64],{"class":67},[45,22424,9264],{"class":202},[45,22426,14827],{"class":105},[45,22428,22287],{"class":202},[45,22430,22290],{"class":67},[45,22432,9264],{"class":202},[45,22434,13611],{"class":105},[45,22436,278],{"class":59},[45,22438,14827],{"class":105},[45,22440,13258],{"class":59},[45,22442,22287],{"class":202},[45,22444,64],{"class":67},[45,22446,118],{"class":59},[14,22448,6497,22449,22452],{},[18,22450,22451],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22454,22455,22456,102],{},"For a full guide, see ",[364,22457,22459],{"href":22458},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[31,22461,22463],{"id":22462},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22465,22466],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[36,22468,22470],{"className":38,"code":22469,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[18,22471,22472,22530,22534,22553,22557],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22473,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517,22519,22521,22523,22526,22528],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22475,461],{"class":51},[45,22477,56],{"class":55},[45,22479,10477],{"class":59},[45,22481,64],{"class":63},[45,22483,68],{"class":67},[45,22485,64],{"class":63},[45,22487,1111],{"class":59},[45,22489,76],{"class":63},[45,22491,470],{"class":67},[45,22493,64],{"class":63},[45,22495,73],{"class":59},[45,22497,76],{"class":63},[45,22499,79],{"class":67},[45,22501,64],{"class":63},[45,22503,1111],{"class":59},[45,22505,76],{"class":63},[45,22507,22508],{"class":67},"yellow",[45,22510,64],{"class":63},[45,22512,73],{"class":59},[45,22514,76],{"class":63},[45,22516,1093],{"class":67},[45,22518,64],{"class":63},[45,22520,1111],{"class":59},[45,22522,76],{"class":63},[45,22524,22525],{"class":67},"purple",[45,22527,64],{"class":63},[45,22529,9295],{"class":59},[45,22531,22532],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,22533,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,22535,22536,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547,22549,22551],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22537,22538],{"class":51},"pairs_list ",[45,22540,56],{"class":55},[45,22542,1114],{"class":315},[45,22544,109],{"class":59},[45,22546,497],{"class":105},[45,22548,102],{"class":59},[45,22550,99],{"class":105},[45,22552,7181],{"class":59},[45,22554,22555],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,22556,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,22558,22559,22561,22563,22566],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,22560,125],{"class":124},[45,22562,109],{"class":59},[45,22564,22565],{"class":105},"pairs_list",[45,22567,118],{"class":59},[14,22569,22570],{},[26,22571,268],{},[36,22573,22575],{"className":38,"code":22574,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[18,22576,22577],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22578,22579,22581,22583,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22580,21724],{"class":59},[45,22582,429],{"class":63},[45,22584,68],{"class":67},[45,22586,429],{"class":63},[45,22588,73],{"class":59},[45,22590,438],{"class":63},[45,22592,470],{"class":67},[45,22594,429],{"class":63},[45,22596,9219],{"class":59},[45,22598,9222],{"class":59},[45,22600,429],{"class":63},[45,22602,79],{"class":67},[45,22604,429],{"class":63},[45,22606,73],{"class":59},[45,22608,438],{"class":63},[45,22610,22508],{"class":67},[45,22612,429],{"class":63},[45,22614,9219],{"class":59},[45,22616,9222],{"class":59},[45,22618,429],{"class":63},[45,22620,1093],{"class":67},[45,22622,429],{"class":63},[45,22624,73],{"class":59},[45,22626,438],{"class":63},[45,22628,22525],{"class":67},[45,22630,429],{"class":63},[45,22632,9235],{"class":59},[14,22634,22635],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22637,22638],{},"Use this when:",[157,22640,22641,22644,22647],{},[160,22642,22643],{},"You want clearer printed output",[160,22645,22646],{},"You need list behavior",[160,22648,22649],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[31,22651,22653,10572,22655,10572,22657],{"id":22652},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[18,22654,17064],{},[18,22656,17051],{},[18,22658,17057],{},[14,22660,22661],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[157,22663,22664,22669,22674],{},[160,22665,22666,22668],{},[18,22667,17064],{}," gives both key and value",[160,22670,22671,22673],{},[18,22672,17051],{}," gives only keys",[160,22675,22676,22678],{},[18,22677,17057],{}," gives only values",[14,22680,345],{},[36,22682,22684],{"className":38,"code":22683,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,22685,22686,22722,22726,22744,22762],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22687,22688,22690,22692,22694,22696,22698,22700,22702,22704,22706,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22689,13189],{"class":51},[45,22691,56],{"class":55},[45,22693,10477],{"class":59},[45,22695,64],{"class":63},[45,22697,7656],{"class":67},[45,22699,64],{"class":63},[45,22701,1111],{"class":59},[45,22703,76],{"class":63},[45,22705,12867],{"class":67},[45,22707,64],{"class":63},[45,22709,73],{"class":59},[45,22711,76],{"class":63},[45,22713,9285],{"class":67},[45,22715,64],{"class":63},[45,22717,1111],{"class":59},[45,22719,9292],{"class":202},[45,22721,9295],{"class":59},[45,22723,22724],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,22725,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,22727,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22729,125],{"class":124},[45,22731,109],{"class":59},[45,22733,316],{"class":315},[45,22735,109],{"class":59},[45,22737,17293],{"class":105},[45,22739,102],{"class":59},[45,22741,16909],{"class":105},[45,22743,6277],{"class":59},[45,22745,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,22747,125],{"class":124},[45,22749,109],{"class":59},[45,22751,316],{"class":315},[45,22753,109],{"class":59},[45,22755,17293],{"class":105},[45,22757,102],{"class":59},[45,22759,5350],{"class":105},[45,22761,6277],{"class":59},[45,22763,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,22765,125],{"class":124},[45,22767,109],{"class":59},[45,22769,316],{"class":315},[45,22771,109],{"class":59},[45,22773,17293],{"class":105},[45,22775,102],{"class":59},[45,22777,99],{"class":105},[45,22779,6277],{"class":59},[14,22781,22782],{},[26,22783,268],{},[36,22785,22787],{"className":38,"code":22786,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,22788,22789,22809,22825],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22790,22791,22793,22795,22797,22799,22801,22803,22805,22807],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22792,278],{"class":59},[45,22794,429],{"class":63},[45,22796,7656],{"class":67},[45,22798,429],{"class":63},[45,22800,73],{"class":59},[45,22802,438],{"class":63},[45,22804,9285],{"class":67},[45,22806,429],{"class":63},[45,22808,93],{"class":59},[45,22810,22811,22813,22815,22817,22819,22821,22823],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,22812,278],{"class":59},[45,22814,429],{"class":63},[45,22816,12867],{"class":67},[45,22818,429],{"class":63},[45,22820,73],{"class":59},[45,22822,9292],{"class":202},[45,22824,93],{"class":59},[45,22826,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22828,21724],{"class":59},[45,22830,429],{"class":63},[45,22832,7656],{"class":67},[45,22834,429],{"class":63},[45,22836,73],{"class":59},[45,22838,438],{"class":63},[45,22840,12867],{"class":67},[45,22842,429],{"class":63},[45,22844,9219],{"class":59},[45,22846,9222],{"class":59},[45,22848,429],{"class":63},[45,22850,9285],{"class":67},[45,22852,429],{"class":63},[45,22854,73],{"class":59},[45,22856,9292],{"class":202},[45,22858,9235],{"class":59},[14,22860,22861],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[157,22863,22864,22872,22880],{},[160,22865,22866,22867],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[364,22868,22870],{"href":22869},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[18,22871,17051],{},[160,22873,22874,22875],{},"Need just values? Use ",[364,22876,22878],{"href":22877},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[18,22879,17057],{},[160,22881,22882,22883],{},"Need both together? Use ",[18,22884,17064],{},[31,22886,4952,22888],{"id":22887},"when-to-use-items",[18,22889,17064],{},[14,22891,22892,22894],{},[18,22893,17064],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[157,22896,22897,22900,22903,22906,22909],{},[160,22898,22899],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[160,22901,22902],{},"Building formatted output",[160,22904,22905],{},"Looping through settings and values",[160,22907,22908],{},"Showing names with scores",[160,22910,22911],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,22913,345],{},[36,22915,22917],{"className":38,"code":22916,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[18,22918,22919,22927,22945,22964,22976,22980,22984,23005],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22920,22921,22923,22925],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22922,13811],{"class":51},[45,22924,56],{"class":55},[45,22926,11482],{"class":59},[45,22928,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,22930,11487],{"class":63},[45,22932,12483],{"class":67},[45,22934,64],{"class":63},[45,22936,1111],{"class":59},[45,22938,76],{"class":63},[45,22940,12492],{"class":67},[45,22942,64],{"class":63},[45,22944,11503],{"class":59},[45,22946,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955,22957,22960,22962],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22948,11487],{"class":63},[45,22950,20109],{"class":67},[45,22952,64],{"class":63},[45,22954,1111],{"class":59},[45,22956,76],{"class":63},[45,22958,22959],{"class":67},"English",[45,22961,64],{"class":63},[45,22963,11503],{"class":59},[45,22965,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,22967,11487],{"class":63},[45,22969,18510],{"class":67},[45,22971,64],{"class":63},[45,22973,1111],{"class":59},[45,22975,6409],{"class":291},[45,22977,22978],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,22979,9295],{"class":59},[45,22981,22982],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,22983,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,22985,22986,22988,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,22987,970],{"class":969},[45,22989,22990],{"class":51}," setting",[45,22992,73],{"class":59},[45,22994,1205],{"class":51},[45,22996,976],{"class":969},[45,22998,13855],{"class":51},[45,23000,102],{"class":59},[45,23002,99],{"class":105},[45,23004,21579],{"class":59},[45,23006,23007,23009,23011,23013,23015,23017,23020,23022,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,23008,8055],{"class":124},[45,23010,109],{"class":59},[45,23012,22278],{"class":2059},[45,23014,64],{"class":67},[45,23016,9264],{"class":202},[45,23018,23019],{"class":105},"setting",[45,23021,22287],{"class":202},[45,23023,23024],{"class":67}," = ",[45,23026,9264],{"class":202},[45,23028,28],{"class":105},[45,23030,22287],{"class":202},[45,23032,64],{"class":67},[45,23034,118],{"class":59},[14,23036,23037],{},[26,23038,268],{},[36,23040,23042],{"className":38,"code":23041,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[18,23043,23044,23054,23064],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23045,23046,23049,23051],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23047,23048],{"class":51},"theme ",[45,23050,56],{"class":55},[45,23052,23053],{"class":51}," dark\n",[45,23055,23056,23059,23061],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,23057,23058],{"class":51},"language ",[45,23060,56],{"class":55},[45,23062,23063],{"class":51}," English\n",[45,23065,23066,23069,23071],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23067,23068],{"class":51},"notifications ",[45,23070,56],{"class":55},[45,23072,6409],{"class":291},[31,23074,1709],{"id":1708},[14,23076,23077,23078,102],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,23079,17064],{},[1864,23081,23083,23084,23086],{"id":23082},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[18,23085,17064],{}," incorrectly",[14,23088,23089,23090,23092,23093,23096],{},"Each result from ",[18,23091,17064],{}," has ",[26,23094,23095],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,23098,6675],{},[36,23100,23101],{"className":38,"code":21515,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,23102,23103,23139,23143,23163],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23104,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115,23117,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127,23129,23131,23133,23135,23137],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23106,13189],{"class":51},[45,23108,56],{"class":55},[45,23110,10477],{"class":59},[45,23112,64],{"class":63},[45,23114,7656],{"class":67},[45,23116,64],{"class":63},[45,23118,1111],{"class":59},[45,23120,76],{"class":63},[45,23122,12867],{"class":67},[45,23124,64],{"class":63},[45,23126,73],{"class":59},[45,23128,76],{"class":63},[45,23130,9285],{"class":67},[45,23132,64],{"class":63},[45,23134,1111],{"class":59},[45,23136,9292],{"class":202},[45,23138,9295],{"class":59},[45,23140,23141],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,23142,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,23144,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157,23159,23161],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23146,970],{"class":969},[45,23148,21564],{"class":51},[45,23150,73],{"class":59},[45,23152,1205],{"class":51},[45,23154,976],{"class":969},[45,23156,13232],{"class":51},[45,23158,102],{"class":59},[45,23160,99],{"class":105},[45,23162,21579],{"class":59},[45,23164,23165,23167,23169,23171,23173,23175],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,23166,8055],{"class":124},[45,23168,109],{"class":59},[45,23170,14827],{"class":105},[45,23172,73],{"class":59},[45,23174,8417],{"class":105},[45,23176,118],{"class":59},[14,23178,23179],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[36,23181,23183],{"className":38,"code":23182,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[18,23184,23185,23221,23225,23241],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23186,23187,23189,23191,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207,23209,23211,23213,23215,23217,23219],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23188,13189],{"class":51},[45,23190,56],{"class":55},[45,23192,10477],{"class":59},[45,23194,64],{"class":63},[45,23196,7656],{"class":67},[45,23198,64],{"class":63},[45,23200,1111],{"class":59},[45,23202,76],{"class":63},[45,23204,12867],{"class":67},[45,23206,64],{"class":63},[45,23208,73],{"class":59},[45,23210,76],{"class":63},[45,23212,9285],{"class":67},[45,23214,64],{"class":63},[45,23216,1111],{"class":59},[45,23218,9292],{"class":202},[45,23220,9295],{"class":59},[45,23222,23223],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,23224,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,23226,23227,23229,23231,23233,23235,23237,23239],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23228,970],{"class":969},[45,23230,18194],{"class":51},[45,23232,976],{"class":969},[45,23234,13232],{"class":51},[45,23236,102],{"class":59},[45,23238,99],{"class":105},[45,23240,21579],{"class":59},[45,23242,23243,23245,23247,23249],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,23244,8055],{"class":124},[45,23246,109],{"class":59},[45,23248,14827],{"class":105},[45,23250,118],{"class":59},[14,23252,23253,23254,23256,23257,23260],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[18,23255,14827],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[18,23258,23259],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23262,23263],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[36,23265,23267],{"className":38,"code":23266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23268,23269,23285],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23270,23271,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23272,970],{"class":969},[45,23274,973],{"class":51},[45,23276,976],{"class":969},[45,23278,13232],{"class":51},[45,23280,102],{"class":59},[45,23282,99],{"class":105},[45,23284,21579],{"class":59},[45,23286,23287,23289,23291,23294],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,23288,8055],{"class":124},[45,23290,109],{"class":59},[45,23292,23293],{"class":105},"item",[45,23295,118],{"class":59},[14,23297,23298],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[36,23300,23302],{"className":38,"code":23301,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,23303,23304,23324],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23305,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314,23316,23318,23320,23322],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23307,970],{"class":969},[45,23309,21564],{"class":51},[45,23311,73],{"class":59},[45,23313,1205],{"class":51},[45,23315,976],{"class":969},[45,23317,13232],{"class":51},[45,23319,102],{"class":59},[45,23321,99],{"class":105},[45,23323,21579],{"class":59},[45,23325,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,23327,8055],{"class":124},[45,23329,109],{"class":59},[45,23331,14827],{"class":105},[45,23333,73],{"class":59},[45,23335,8417],{"class":105},[45,23337,118],{"class":59},[1864,23339,1722,23341,23343],{"id":23340},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[18,23342,17064],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23345,23346,21959,23348,23350],{},[18,23347,17064],{},[18,23349,21892],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23352,23353],{},"Check it:",[36,23355,23357],{"className":38,"code":23356,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[18,23358,23359,23391,23395,23409,23427],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23360,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377,23379,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23362,11713],{"class":51},[45,23364,56],{"class":55},[45,23366,10477],{"class":59},[45,23368,64],{"class":63},[45,23370,364],{"class":67},[45,23372,64],{"class":63},[45,23374,1111],{"class":59},[45,23376,5488],{"class":202},[45,23378,73],{"class":59},[45,23380,76],{"class":63},[45,23382,373],{"class":67},[45,23384,64],{"class":63},[45,23386,1111],{"class":59},[45,23388,208],{"class":202},[45,23390,9295],{"class":59},[45,23392,23393],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,23394,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,23396,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23398,125],{"class":124},[45,23400,109],{"class":59},[45,23402,11438],{"class":105},[45,23404,102],{"class":59},[45,23406,99],{"class":105},[45,23408,7181],{"class":59},[45,23410,23411,23413,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,23412,125],{"class":124},[45,23414,109],{"class":59},[45,23416,1811],{"class":315},[45,23418,109],{"class":59},[45,23420,11438],{"class":105},[45,23422,102],{"class":59},[45,23424,99],{"class":105},[45,23426,6277],{"class":59},[45,23428,23429,23431,23433,23435,23437,23439,23441,23443],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,23430,125],{"class":124},[45,23432,109],{"class":59},[45,23434,316],{"class":315},[45,23436,109],{"class":59},[45,23438,11438],{"class":105},[45,23440,102],{"class":59},[45,23442,99],{"class":105},[45,23444,6277],{"class":59},[14,23446,23447],{},[26,23448,268],{},[36,23450,23452],{"className":38,"code":23451,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[18,23453,23454,23486,23500],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23455,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23457,21892],{"class":105},[45,23459,9644],{"class":59},[45,23461,429],{"class":63},[45,23463,364],{"class":67},[45,23465,429],{"class":63},[45,23467,73],{"class":59},[45,23469,5488],{"class":202},[45,23471,9219],{"class":59},[45,23473,9222],{"class":59},[45,23475,429],{"class":63},[45,23477,373],{"class":67},[45,23479,429],{"class":63},[45,23481,73],{"class":59},[45,23483,208],{"class":202},[45,23485,10666],{"class":59},[45,23487,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,23489,3284],{"class":55},[45,23491,3287],{"class":2059},[45,23493,438],{"class":63},[45,23495,21892],{"class":67},[45,23497,429],{"class":63},[45,23499,3296],{"class":55},[45,23501,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510,23512,23514,23516,23518,23520,23522,23524,23526,23528],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23503,21724],{"class":59},[45,23505,429],{"class":63},[45,23507,364],{"class":67},[45,23509,429],{"class":63},[45,23511,73],{"class":59},[45,23513,5488],{"class":202},[45,23515,9219],{"class":59},[45,23517,9222],{"class":59},[45,23519,429],{"class":63},[45,23521,373],{"class":67},[45,23523,429],{"class":63},[45,23525,73],{"class":59},[45,23527,208],{"class":202},[45,23529,9235],{"class":59},[1864,23531,23533,23534],{"id":23532},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[18,23535,17064],{},[14,23537,23538],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23540,23541],{},"Problem example:",[36,23543,23545],{"className":38,"code":23544,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[18,23546,23547,23591,23595,23615,23627],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23548,23549,23551,23553,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587,23589],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23550,195],{"class":51},[45,23552,56],{"class":55},[45,23554,10477],{"class":59},[45,23556,64],{"class":63},[45,23558,364],{"class":67},[45,23560,64],{"class":63},[45,23562,1111],{"class":59},[45,23564,5488],{"class":202},[45,23566,73],{"class":59},[45,23568,76],{"class":63},[45,23570,373],{"class":67},[45,23572,64],{"class":63},[45,23574,1111],{"class":59},[45,23576,208],{"class":202},[45,23578,73],{"class":59},[45,23580,76],{"class":63},[45,23582,382],{"class":67},[45,23584,64],{"class":63},[45,23586,1111],{"class":59},[45,23588,213],{"class":202},[45,23590,9295],{"class":59},[45,23592,23593],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,23594,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,23596,23597,23599,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23598,970],{"class":969},[45,23600,21564],{"class":51},[45,23602,73],{"class":59},[45,23604,1205],{"class":51},[45,23606,976],{"class":969},[45,23608,225],{"class":51},[45,23610,102],{"class":59},[45,23612,99],{"class":105},[45,23614,21579],{"class":59},[45,23616,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,23618,6385],{"class":969},[45,23620,1205],{"class":51},[45,23622,4679],{"class":55},[45,23624,208],{"class":202},[45,23626,1213],{"class":59},[45,23628,23629,23632,23634,23636,23638,23640,23642,23644],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,23630,23631],{"class":51},"        numbers",[45,23633,278],{"class":59},[45,23635,64],{"class":63},[45,23637,18753],{"class":67},[45,23639,64],{"class":63},[45,23641,13258],{"class":59},[45,23643,13261],{"class":55},[45,23645,23646],{"class":202}," 4\n",[14,23648,23649],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23651,23652],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[36,23654,23656],{"className":38,"code":23655,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,23657,23658,23702,23706,23731,23743,23761,23765],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23659,23660,23662,23664,23666,23668,23670,23672,23674,23676,23678,23680,23682,23684,23686,23688,23690,23692,23694,23696,23698,23700],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23661,195],{"class":51},[45,23663,56],{"class":55},[45,23665,10477],{"class":59},[45,23667,64],{"class":63},[45,23669,364],{"class":67},[45,23671,64],{"class":63},[45,23673,1111],{"class":59},[45,23675,5488],{"class":202},[45,23677,73],{"class":59},[45,23679,76],{"class":63},[45,23681,373],{"class":67},[45,23683,64],{"class":63},[45,23685,1111],{"class":59},[45,23687,208],{"class":202},[45,23689,73],{"class":59},[45,23691,76],{"class":63},[45,23693,382],{"class":67},[45,23695,64],{"class":63},[45,23697,1111],{"class":59},[45,23699,213],{"class":202},[45,23701,9295],{"class":59},[45,23703,23704],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,23705,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,23707,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23709,970],{"class":969},[45,23711,21564],{"class":51},[45,23713,73],{"class":59},[45,23715,1205],{"class":51},[45,23717,976],{"class":969},[45,23719,1114],{"class":315},[45,23721,109],{"class":59},[45,23723,251],{"class":105},[45,23725,102],{"class":59},[45,23727,99],{"class":105},[45,23729,23730],{"class":59},"()):\n",[45,23732,23733,23735,23737,23739,23741],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,23734,6385],{"class":969},[45,23736,1205],{"class":51},[45,23738,4679],{"class":55},[45,23740,208],{"class":202},[45,23742,1213],{"class":59},[45,23744,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,23746,23631],{"class":51},[45,23748,278],{"class":59},[45,23750,64],{"class":63},[45,23752,18753],{"class":67},[45,23754,64],{"class":63},[45,23756,13258],{"class":59},[45,23758,13261],{"class":55},[45,23760,23646],{"class":202},[45,23762,23763],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,23764,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,23766,23767,23769,23771,23773],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,23768,125],{"class":124},[45,23770,109],{"class":59},[45,23772,251],{"class":105},[45,23774,118],{"class":59},[1864,23776,23778],{"id":23777},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23780,23781],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[36,23783,23785],{"className":38,"code":23784,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23786,23787,23819,23823,23839],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23788,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23790,9151],{"class":51},[45,23792,56],{"class":55},[45,23794,10477],{"class":59},[45,23796,64],{"class":63},[45,23798,1123],{"class":67},[45,23800,64],{"class":63},[45,23802,1111],{"class":59},[45,23804,5991],{"class":202},[45,23806,73],{"class":59},[45,23808,76],{"class":63},[45,23810,11734],{"class":67},[45,23812,64],{"class":63},[45,23814,1111],{"class":59},[45,23816,590],{"class":202},[45,23818,9295],{"class":59},[45,23820,23821],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,23822,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,23824,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23826,970],{"class":969},[45,23828,973],{"class":51},[45,23830,976],{"class":969},[45,23832,14552],{"class":51},[45,23834,102],{"class":59},[45,23836,99],{"class":105},[45,23838,21579],{"class":59},[45,23840,23841,23843,23845,23847],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,23842,8055],{"class":124},[45,23844,109],{"class":59},[45,23846,23293],{"class":105},[45,23848,118],{"class":59},[14,23850,23851],{},[26,23852,268],{},[36,23854,23856],{"className":38,"code":23855,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[18,23857,23858,23874],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23859,23860,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23861,109],{"class":59},[45,23863,429],{"class":63},[45,23865,1123],{"class":67},[45,23867,429],{"class":63},[45,23869,73],{"class":59},[45,23871,5991],{"class":202},[45,23873,118],{"class":59},[45,23875,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,23877,109],{"class":59},[45,23879,429],{"class":63},[45,23881,11734],{"class":67},[45,23883,429],{"class":63},[45,23885,73],{"class":59},[45,23887,590],{"class":202},[45,23889,118],{"class":59},[14,23891,23892,23893,23895],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[18,23894,21639],{}," pair.",[31,23897,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,23899,23901,23902,5136],{"id":23900},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[18,23903,17064],{},[14,23905,17408,23906,23908],{},[18,23907,21892],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1864,23910,175,23912,23914],{"id":23911},"does-items-return-a-list",[18,23913,17064],{}," return a list?",[14,23916,23917,23918,23921],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[18,23919,23920],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1864,23923,23925,23926,2485],{"id":23924},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[18,23927,17064],{},[14,23929,23930],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[36,23932,23934],{"className":38,"code":23933,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,23935,23936,23956],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23937,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23939,970],{"class":969},[45,23941,21564],{"class":51},[45,23943,73],{"class":59},[45,23945,1205],{"class":51},[45,23947,976],{"class":969},[45,23949,11755],{"class":51},[45,23951,102],{"class":59},[45,23953,99],{"class":105},[45,23955,21579],{"class":59},[45,23957,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,23959,8055],{"class":124},[45,23961,109],{"class":59},[45,23963,14827],{"class":105},[45,23965,73],{"class":59},[45,23967,8417],{"class":105},[45,23969,118],{"class":59},[1864,23971,175,23973,23975],{"id":23972},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[18,23974,17064],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,23977,23978],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[31,23980,1909],{"id":1908},[157,23982,23983,23989,23995,24000,24004],{},[160,23984,23985],{},[364,23986,10724,23987,10728],{"href":22869},[18,23988,17051],{},[160,23990,23991],{},[364,23992,10724,23993,10728],{"href":22877},[18,23994,17057],{},[160,23996,23997],{},[364,23998,23999],{"href":22458},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[160,24001,24002],{},[364,24003,9141],{"href":13010},[160,24005,24006],{},[364,24007,24008],{"href":21762},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1936,24010,24011],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":24013},[24014,24015,24017,24018,24019,24021,24022,24024,24026,24035,24045],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":21622,"depth":96,"text":24016},"What items() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":21953,"depth":96,"text":21954},{"id":22179,"depth":96,"text":24020},"Looping with items()",{"id":22462,"depth":96,"text":22463},{"id":22652,"depth":96,"text":24023},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22887,"depth":96,"text":24025},"When to use items()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":24027},[24028,24030,24032,24034],{"id":23082,"depth":121,"text":24029},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23340,"depth":121,"text":24031},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23532,"depth":121,"text":24033},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23777,"depth":121,"text":23778},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":24036},[24037,24039,24041,24043],{"id":23900,"depth":121,"text":24038},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23911,"depth":121,"text":24040},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23924,"depth":121,"text":24042},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23972,"depth":121,"text":24044},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21491,"description":24046},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24053,"title":24054,"body":24055,"description":26145,"extension":1958,"meta":26146,"navigation":241,"path":22869,"seo":26147,"stem":26148,"__hash__":26149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24056,"toc":26111},[24057,24062,24068,24071,24082,24089,24091,24174,24178,24225,24230,24235,24240,24242,24258,24260,24359,24363,24420,24423,24425,24428,24521,24525,24588,24591,24607,24612,24614,24616,24631,24633,24644,24646,24689,24692,24735,24738,24740,24747,24750,24767,24769,24862,24866,24907,24919,24923,24926,25014,25018,25038,25041,25068,25075,25080,25084,25095,25097,25201,25205,25231,25234,25301,25306,25309,25332,25337,25341,25346,25352,25357,25359,25414,25418,25445,25452,25458,25461,25486,25492,25518,25521,25596,25603,25608,25610,25649,25667,25671,25674,25717,25720,25722,25741,25743,25748,25773,25776,25846,25849,25922,25926,25928,25989,25992,26008,26010,26015,26020,26027,26036,26042,26048,26055,26061,26065,26070,26072,26108],[10,24058,11307,24060,11311],{"id":24059},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[18,24061,17051],{},[14,24063,24064,24065,24067],{},"The Python dictionary ",[18,24066,17051],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24069,24070],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[157,24072,24073,24076,24079],{},[160,24074,24075],{},"view the available keys",[160,24077,24078],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[160,24080,24081],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,24083,24084,24086,24087,102],{},[18,24085,17051],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[18,24088,17000],{},[31,24090,34],{"id":33},[36,24092,24094],{"className":38,"code":24093,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[18,24095,24096,24132,24146,24150,24160],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24097,24098,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116,24118,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24099,12850],{"class":51},[45,24101,56],{"class":55},[45,24103,10477],{"class":59},[45,24105,64],{"class":63},[45,24107,7656],{"class":67},[45,24109,64],{"class":63},[45,24111,1111],{"class":59},[45,24113,76],{"class":63},[45,24115,12867],{"class":67},[45,24117,64],{"class":63},[45,24119,73],{"class":59},[45,24121,76],{"class":63},[45,24123,9285],{"class":67},[45,24125,64],{"class":63},[45,24127,1111],{"class":59},[45,24129,590],{"class":202},[45,24131,9295],{"class":59},[45,24133,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,24135,17228],{"class":51},[45,24137,56],{"class":55},[45,24139,12893],{"class":51},[45,24141,102],{"class":59},[45,24143,16909],{"class":105},[45,24145,8627],{"class":59},[45,24147,24148],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24149,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,24151,24152,24154,24156,24158],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,24153,125],{"class":124},[45,24155,109],{"class":59},[45,24157,16909],{"class":105},[45,24159,118],{"class":59},[45,24161,24162,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,24163,125],{"class":124},[45,24165,109],{"class":59},[45,24167,316],{"class":315},[45,24169,109],{"class":59},[45,24171,16909],{"class":105},[45,24173,1802],{"class":59},[14,24175,24176],{},[26,24177,268],{},[36,24179,24181],{"className":38,"code":24180,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[18,24182,24183,24205],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24184,24185,24187,24189,24191,24193,24195,24197,24199,24201,24203],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24186,17000],{"class":105},[45,24188,2979],{"class":59},[45,24190,429],{"class":63},[45,24192,7656],{"class":67},[45,24194,429],{"class":63},[45,24196,73],{"class":59},[45,24198,438],{"class":63},[45,24200,9285],{"class":67},[45,24202,429],{"class":63},[45,24204,3880],{"class":59},[45,24206,24207,24209,24211,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221,24223],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,24208,278],{"class":59},[45,24210,429],{"class":63},[45,24212,7656],{"class":67},[45,24214,429],{"class":63},[45,24216,73],{"class":59},[45,24218,438],{"class":63},[45,24220,9285],{"class":67},[45,24222,429],{"class":63},[45,24224,93],{"class":59},[14,24226,141,24227,24229],{},[18,24228,17051],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[31,24231,3671,24233,3674],{"id":24232},"what-keys-does",[18,24234,17051],{},[14,24236,24237,24239],{},[18,24238,17051],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24241,11447],{},[157,24243,24244,24247,24250,24255],{},[160,24245,24246],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[160,24248,24249],{},"It does not need any arguments",[160,24251,17408,24252,24254],{},[18,24253,17000],{}," view object, not a list",[160,24256,24257],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24259,345],{},[36,24261,24263],{"className":38,"code":24262,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[18,24264,24265,24301,24305,24319,24323,24345],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24266,24267,24269,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24268,13189],{"class":51},[45,24270,56],{"class":55},[45,24272,10477],{"class":59},[45,24274,64],{"class":63},[45,24276,7656],{"class":67},[45,24278,64],{"class":63},[45,24280,1111],{"class":59},[45,24282,76],{"class":63},[45,24284,13206],{"class":67},[45,24286,64],{"class":63},[45,24288,73],{"class":59},[45,24290,76],{"class":63},[45,24292,9285],{"class":67},[45,24294,64],{"class":63},[45,24296,1111],{"class":59},[45,24298,9292],{"class":202},[45,24300,9295],{"class":59},[45,24302,24303],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,24304,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,24306,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315,24317],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24308,125],{"class":124},[45,24310,109],{"class":59},[45,24312,17293],{"class":105},[45,24314,102],{"class":59},[45,24316,16909],{"class":105},[45,24318,7181],{"class":59},[45,24320,24321],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,24322,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,24324,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,24326,17293],{"class":51},[45,24328,278],{"class":59},[45,24330,64],{"class":63},[45,24332,10395],{"class":67},[45,24334,64],{"class":63},[45,24336,13258],{"class":59},[45,24338,13261],{"class":55},[45,24340,76],{"class":63},[45,24342,10402],{"class":67},[45,24344,1194],{"class":63},[45,24346,24347,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,24348,125],{"class":124},[45,24350,109],{"class":59},[45,24352,17293],{"class":105},[45,24354,102],{"class":59},[45,24356,16909],{"class":105},[45,24358,7181],{"class":59},[14,24360,24361],{},[26,24362,268],{},[36,24364,24366],{"className":38,"code":24365,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[18,24367,24368,24390],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24369,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24371,17000],{"class":105},[45,24373,2979],{"class":59},[45,24375,429],{"class":63},[45,24377,7656],{"class":67},[45,24379,429],{"class":63},[45,24381,73],{"class":59},[45,24383,438],{"class":63},[45,24385,9285],{"class":67},[45,24387,429],{"class":63},[45,24389,3880],{"class":59},[45,24391,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404,24406,24408,24410,24412,24414,24416,24418],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,24393,17000],{"class":105},[45,24395,2979],{"class":59},[45,24397,429],{"class":63},[45,24399,7656],{"class":67},[45,24401,429],{"class":63},[45,24403,73],{"class":59},[45,24405,438],{"class":63},[45,24407,9285],{"class":67},[45,24409,429],{"class":63},[45,24411,73],{"class":59},[45,24413,438],{"class":63},[45,24415,10395],{"class":67},[45,24417,429],{"class":63},[45,24419,3880],{"class":59},[14,24421,24422],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[31,24424,448],{"id":447},[14,24426,24427],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[36,24429,24431],{"className":38,"code":24430,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[18,24432,24433,24485,24489,24503],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24434,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24436,9151],{"class":51},[45,24438,56],{"class":55},[45,24440,10477],{"class":59},[45,24442,64],{"class":63},[45,24444,7656],{"class":67},[45,24446,64],{"class":63},[45,24448,1111],{"class":59},[45,24450,76],{"class":63},[45,24452,12867],{"class":67},[45,24454,64],{"class":63},[45,24456,73],{"class":59},[45,24458,76],{"class":63},[45,24460,9285],{"class":67},[45,24462,64],{"class":63},[45,24464,1111],{"class":59},[45,24466,590],{"class":202},[45,24468,73],{"class":59},[45,24470,76],{"class":63},[45,24472,19877],{"class":67},[45,24474,64],{"class":63},[45,24476,1111],{"class":59},[45,24478,76],{"class":63},[45,24480,22229],{"class":67},[45,24482,64],{"class":63},[45,24484,9295],{"class":59},[45,24486,24487],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,24488,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,24490,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24492,125],{"class":124},[45,24494,109],{"class":59},[45,24496,9190],{"class":105},[45,24498,102],{"class":59},[45,24500,16909],{"class":105},[45,24502,7181],{"class":59},[45,24504,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,24506,125],{"class":124},[45,24508,109],{"class":59},[45,24510,316],{"class":315},[45,24512,109],{"class":59},[45,24514,9190],{"class":105},[45,24516,102],{"class":59},[45,24518,16909],{"class":105},[45,24520,6277],{"class":59},[14,24522,24523],{},[26,24524,268],{},[36,24526,24528],{"className":38,"code":24527,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[18,24529,24530,24560],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24531,24532,24534,24536,24538,24540,24542,24544,24546,24548,24550,24552,24554,24556,24558],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24533,17000],{"class":105},[45,24535,2979],{"class":59},[45,24537,429],{"class":63},[45,24539,7656],{"class":67},[45,24541,429],{"class":63},[45,24543,73],{"class":59},[45,24545,438],{"class":63},[45,24547,9285],{"class":67},[45,24549,429],{"class":63},[45,24551,73],{"class":59},[45,24553,438],{"class":63},[45,24555,19877],{"class":67},[45,24557,429],{"class":63},[45,24559,3880],{"class":59},[45,24561,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578,24580,24582,24584,24586],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,24563,278],{"class":59},[45,24565,429],{"class":63},[45,24567,7656],{"class":67},[45,24569,429],{"class":63},[45,24571,73],{"class":59},[45,24573,438],{"class":63},[45,24575,9285],{"class":67},[45,24577,429],{"class":63},[45,24579,73],{"class":59},[45,24581,438],{"class":63},[45,24583,19877],{"class":67},[45,24585,429],{"class":63},[45,24587,93],{"class":59},[14,24589,24590],{},"This shows two things:",[157,24592,24593,24601],{},[160,24594,24595,21959,24598,24600],{},[18,24596,24597],{},"data.keys()",[18,24599,17000],{}," object",[160,24602,24603,24606],{},[18,24604,24605],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24608,9137,24609,102],{},[364,24610,24611],{"href":9377},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[31,24613,305],{"id":304},[14,24615,2156],{},[36,24617,24619],{"className":38,"code":24618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict.keys()\n",[18,24620,24621],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24622,24623,24625,24627,24629],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24624,11438],{"class":51},[45,24626,102],{"class":59},[45,24628,16909],{"class":105},[45,24630,8627],{"class":59},[14,24632,21784],{},[157,24634,24635,24638,24641],{},[160,24636,24637],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[160,24639,24640],{},"It takes no parameters",[160,24642,24643],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24645,16641],{},[36,24647,24649],{"className":38,"code":24648,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[18,24650,24651,24675],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24652,24653,24655,24657,24659,24661,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671,24673],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24654,12850],{"class":51},[45,24656,56],{"class":55},[45,24658,10477],{"class":59},[45,24660,64],{"class":63},[45,24662,7656],{"class":67},[45,24664,64],{"class":63},[45,24666,1111],{"class":59},[45,24668,76],{"class":63},[45,24670,12867],{"class":67},[45,24672,64],{"class":63},[45,24674,9295],{"class":59},[45,24676,24677,24679,24681,24683,24685,24687],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,24678,125],{"class":124},[45,24680,109],{"class":59},[45,24682,13611],{"class":105},[45,24684,102],{"class":59},[45,24686,16909],{"class":105},[45,24688,7181],{"class":59},[14,24690,24691],{},"Incorrect:",[36,24693,24695],{"className":38,"code":24694,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[18,24696,24697,24721],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24698,24699,24701,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711,24713,24715,24717,24719],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24700,12850],{"class":51},[45,24702,56],{"class":55},[45,24704,10477],{"class":59},[45,24706,64],{"class":63},[45,24708,7656],{"class":67},[45,24710,64],{"class":63},[45,24712,1111],{"class":59},[45,24714,76],{"class":63},[45,24716,12867],{"class":67},[45,24718,64],{"class":63},[45,24720,9295],{"class":59},[45,24722,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731,24733],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,24724,125],{"class":124},[45,24726,109],{"class":59},[45,24728,13611],{"class":105},[45,24730,102],{"class":59},[45,24732,16909],{"class":1831},[45,24734,118],{"class":59},[14,24736,24737],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[31,24739,17405],{"id":17404},[14,24741,24742,21959,24744,24746],{},[18,24743,17051],{},[18,24745,17000],{}," object.",[14,24748,24749],{},"This object:",[157,24751,24752,24755,24758,24764],{},[160,24753,24754],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[160,24756,24757],{},"can be used in a loop",[160,24759,24760,24761],{},"can be converted with ",[18,24762,24763],{},"list()",[160,24765,24766],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24768,345],{},[36,24770,24772],{"className":38,"code":24771,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,24773,24774,24815,24819,24834,24838,24848],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24775,24776,24779,24781,24783,24785,24788,24790,24792,24794,24797,24799,24801,24803,24806,24808,24810,24813],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24777,24778],{"class":51},"car ",[45,24780,56],{"class":55},[45,24782,10477],{"class":59},[45,24784,64],{"class":63},[45,24786,24787],{"class":67},"brand",[45,24789,64],{"class":63},[45,24791,1111],{"class":59},[45,24793,76],{"class":63},[45,24795,24796],{"class":67},"Toyota",[45,24798,64],{"class":63},[45,24800,73],{"class":59},[45,24802,76],{"class":63},[45,24804,24805],{"class":67},"year",[45,24807,64],{"class":63},[45,24809,1111],{"class":59},[45,24811,24812],{"class":202}," 2020",[45,24814,9295],{"class":59},[45,24816,24817],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,24818,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,24820,24821,24823,24825,24828,24830,24832],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24822,220],{"class":51},[45,24824,56],{"class":55},[45,24826,24827],{"class":51}," car",[45,24829,102],{"class":59},[45,24831,16909],{"class":105},[45,24833,8627],{"class":59},[45,24835,24836],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,24837,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,24839,24840,24842,24844,24846],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,24841,125],{"class":124},[45,24843,109],{"class":59},[45,24845,263],{"class":105},[45,24847,118],{"class":59},[45,24849,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858,24860],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,24851,125],{"class":124},[45,24853,109],{"class":59},[45,24855,1811],{"class":315},[45,24857,109],{"class":59},[45,24859,263],{"class":105},[45,24861,1802],{"class":59},[14,24863,24864],{},[26,24865,268],{},[36,24867,24869],{"className":38,"code":24868,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[18,24870,24871,24893],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24872,24873,24875,24877,24879,24881,24883,24885,24887,24889,24891],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24874,17000],{"class":105},[45,24876,2979],{"class":59},[45,24878,429],{"class":63},[45,24880,24787],{"class":67},[45,24882,429],{"class":63},[45,24884,73],{"class":59},[45,24886,438],{"class":63},[45,24888,24805],{"class":67},[45,24890,429],{"class":63},[45,24892,3880],{"class":59},[45,24894,24895,24897,24899,24901,24903,24905],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,24896,3284],{"class":55},[45,24898,3287],{"class":2059},[45,24900,438],{"class":63},[45,24902,17000],{"class":67},[45,24904,429],{"class":63},[45,24906,3296],{"class":55},[14,24908,24909,24910,24914,24915,102],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[364,24911,10724,24912,10728],{"href":17054},[18,24913,17057],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[364,24916,10724,24917,10728],{"href":17061},[18,24918,17064],{},[31,24920,24922],{"id":24921},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,24924,24925],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[36,24927,24929],{"className":38,"code":24928,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,24930,24931,24984,24988,25004],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24932,24933,24935,24937,24939,24941,24943,24945,24947,24949,24951,24953,24955,24957,24959,24961,24963,24965,24967,24969,24971,24973,24975,24977,24980,24982],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24934,12850],{"class":51},[45,24936,56],{"class":55},[45,24938,10477],{"class":59},[45,24940,64],{"class":63},[45,24942,7656],{"class":67},[45,24944,64],{"class":63},[45,24946,1111],{"class":59},[45,24948,76],{"class":63},[45,24950,12867],{"class":67},[45,24952,64],{"class":63},[45,24954,73],{"class":59},[45,24956,76],{"class":63},[45,24958,9285],{"class":67},[45,24960,64],{"class":63},[45,24962,1111],{"class":59},[45,24964,590],{"class":202},[45,24966,73],{"class":59},[45,24968,76],{"class":63},[45,24970,15315],{"class":67},[45,24972,64],{"class":63},[45,24974,1111],{"class":59},[45,24976,76],{"class":63},[45,24978,24979],{"class":67},"Math",[45,24981,64],{"class":63},[45,24983,9295],{"class":59},[45,24985,24986],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,24987,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,24989,24990,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24991,970],{"class":969},[45,24993,18194],{"class":51},[45,24995,976],{"class":969},[45,24997,12893],{"class":51},[45,24999,102],{"class":59},[45,25001,16909],{"class":105},[45,25003,21579],{"class":59},[45,25005,25006,25008,25010,25012],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,25007,8055],{"class":124},[45,25009,109],{"class":59},[45,25011,14827],{"class":105},[45,25013,118],{"class":59},[14,25015,25016],{},[26,25017,268],{},[36,25019,25021],{"className":38,"code":25020,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[18,25022,25023,25028,25033],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25024,25025],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25026,25027],{"class":51},"name\n",[45,25029,25030],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,25031,25032],{"class":51},"age\n",[45,25034,25035],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25036,25037],{"class":51},"course\n",[14,25039,25040],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[36,25042,25044],{"className":38,"code":25043,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[18,25045,25046,25058],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25047,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25049,970],{"class":969},[45,25051,18194],{"class":51},[45,25053,976],{"class":969},[45,25055,12893],{"class":51},[45,25057,1213],{"class":59},[45,25059,25060,25062,25064,25066],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,25061,8055],{"class":124},[45,25063,109],{"class":59},[45,25065,14827],{"class":105},[45,25067,118],{"class":59},[14,25069,25070,25071,25074],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[18,25072,25073],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[31,25076,4952,25078],{"id":25077},"when-to-use-keys",[18,25079,17051],{},[14,25081,141,25082,10588],{},[18,25083,17051],{},[157,25085,25086,25089,25092],{},[160,25087,25088],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[160,25090,25091],{},"you want to display available fields",[160,25093,25094],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,25096,345],{},[36,25098,25100],{"className":38,"code":25099,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,25101,25102,25155,25159,25174,25191],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25103,25104,25107,25109,25111,25113,25115,25117,25119,25121,25124,25126,25128,25130,25133,25135,25137,25140,25142,25144,25147,25149,25151,25153],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25105,25106],{"class":51},"product ",[45,25108,56],{"class":55},[45,25110,10477],{"class":59},[45,25112,64],{"class":63},[45,25114,7656],{"class":67},[45,25116,64],{"class":63},[45,25118,1111],{"class":59},[45,25120,76],{"class":63},[45,25122,25123],{"class":67},"Book",[45,25125,64],{"class":63},[45,25127,73],{"class":59},[45,25129,76],{"class":63},[45,25131,25132],{"class":67},"price",[45,25134,64],{"class":63},[45,25136,1111],{"class":59},[45,25138,25139],{"class":202}," 12.99",[45,25141,73],{"class":59},[45,25143,76],{"class":63},[45,25145,25146],{"class":67},"stock",[45,25148,64],{"class":63},[45,25150,1111],{"class":59},[45,25152,4596],{"class":202},[45,25154,9295],{"class":59},[45,25156,25157],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,25158,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,25160,25161,25163,25165,25167,25170,25172],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25162,125],{"class":124},[45,25164,109],{"class":59},[45,25166,64],{"class":63},[45,25168,25169],{"class":67},"Available fields:",[45,25171,64],{"class":63},[45,25173,118],{"class":59},[45,25175,25176,25178,25180,25182,25185,25187,25189],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,25177,970],{"class":969},[45,25179,18194],{"class":51},[45,25181,976],{"class":969},[45,25183,25184],{"class":51}," product",[45,25186,102],{"class":59},[45,25188,16909],{"class":105},[45,25190,21579],{"class":59},[45,25192,25193,25195,25197,25199],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,25194,8055],{"class":124},[45,25196,109],{"class":59},[45,25198,14827],{"class":105},[45,25200,118],{"class":59},[14,25202,25203],{},[26,25204,268],{},[36,25206,25208],{"className":38,"code":25207,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[18,25209,25210,25217,25221,25226],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25211,25212,25215],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25213,25214],{"class":51},"Available fields",[45,25216,1213],{"class":59},[45,25218,25219],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,25220,25027],{"class":51},[45,25222,25223],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25224,25225],{"class":51},"price\n",[45,25227,25228],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,25229,25230],{"class":51},"stock\n",[14,25232,25233],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[36,25235,25237],{"className":38,"code":25236,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[18,25238,25239,25275,25279],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25240,25241,25243,25245,25247,25249,25251,25253,25255,25257,25259,25261,25263,25265,25267,25269,25271,25273],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25242,25106],{"class":51},[45,25244,56],{"class":55},[45,25246,10477],{"class":59},[45,25248,64],{"class":63},[45,25250,7656],{"class":67},[45,25252,64],{"class":63},[45,25254,1111],{"class":59},[45,25256,76],{"class":63},[45,25258,25123],{"class":67},[45,25260,64],{"class":63},[45,25262,73],{"class":59},[45,25264,76],{"class":63},[45,25266,25132],{"class":67},[45,25268,64],{"class":63},[45,25270,1111],{"class":59},[45,25272,25139],{"class":202},[45,25274,9295],{"class":59},[45,25276,25277],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,25278,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,25280,25281,25283,25285,25287,25289,25291,25293,25295,25297,25299],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25282,125],{"class":124},[45,25284,109],{"class":59},[45,25286,64],{"class":63},[45,25288,7656],{"class":67},[45,25290,64],{"class":63},[45,25292,1134],{"class":969},[45,25294,25184],{"class":105},[45,25296,102],{"class":59},[45,25298,16909],{"class":105},[45,25300,7181],{"class":59},[14,25302,25303,25304,102],{},"This works and returns ",[18,25305,3598],{},[14,25307,25308],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[36,25310,25312],{"className":38,"code":25311,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[18,25313,25314],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25315,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25317,125],{"class":124},[45,25319,109],{"class":59},[45,25321,64],{"class":63},[45,25323,7656],{"class":67},[45,25325,64],{"class":63},[45,25327,1134],{"class":969},[45,25329,25184],{"class":105},[45,25331,118],{"class":59},[14,25333,25334,25335,102],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[364,25336,21192],{"href":17139},[31,25338,25340],{"id":25339},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25342,25343,25344,102],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[18,25345,17051],{},[1864,25347,1722,25349,25351],{"id":25348},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[18,25350,17051],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25353,25354,25356],{},[18,25355,17051],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25358,345],{},[36,25360,25362],{"className":38,"code":25361,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[18,25363,25364,25400],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25365,25366,25368,25370,25372,25374,25376,25378,25380,25382,25384,25386,25388,25390,25392,25394,25396,25398],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25367,9151],{"class":51},[45,25369,56],{"class":55},[45,25371,10477],{"class":59},[45,25373,64],{"class":63},[45,25375,7656],{"class":67},[45,25377,64],{"class":63},[45,25379,1111],{"class":59},[45,25381,76],{"class":63},[45,25383,12867],{"class":67},[45,25385,64],{"class":63},[45,25387,73],{"class":59},[45,25389,76],{"class":63},[45,25391,9285],{"class":67},[45,25393,64],{"class":63},[45,25395,1111],{"class":59},[45,25397,590],{"class":202},[45,25399,9295],{"class":59},[45,25401,25402,25404,25406,25408,25410,25412],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,25403,125],{"class":124},[45,25405,109],{"class":59},[45,25407,9190],{"class":105},[45,25409,102],{"class":59},[45,25411,16909],{"class":105},[45,25413,7181],{"class":59},[14,25415,25416],{},[26,25417,268],{},[36,25419,25421],{"className":38,"code":25420,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[18,25422,25423],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25424,25425,25427,25429,25431,25433,25435,25437,25439,25441,25443],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25426,17000],{"class":105},[45,25428,2979],{"class":59},[45,25430,429],{"class":63},[45,25432,7656],{"class":67},[45,25434,429],{"class":63},[45,25436,73],{"class":59},[45,25438,438],{"class":63},[45,25440,9285],{"class":67},[45,25442,429],{"class":63},[45,25444,3880],{"class":59},[14,25446,25447,25448,102],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[364,25449,25450],{"href":17061},[18,25451,17064],{},[1864,25453,25455,25456],{"id":25454},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[18,25457,17000],{},[14,25459,25460],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[36,25462,25464],{"className":38,"code":25463,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['name', 'age']\n",[18,25465,25466],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25467,25468,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480,25482,25484],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25469,278],{"class":59},[45,25471,429],{"class":63},[45,25473,7656],{"class":67},[45,25475,429],{"class":63},[45,25477,73],{"class":59},[45,25479,438],{"class":63},[45,25481,9285],{"class":67},[45,25483,429],{"class":63},[45,25485,93],{"class":59},[14,25487,25488,25489,25491],{},"But ",[18,25490,17051],{}," returns:",[36,25493,25494],{"className":38,"code":25420,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,25495,25496],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25497,25498,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512,25514,25516],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25499,17000],{"class":105},[45,25501,2979],{"class":59},[45,25503,429],{"class":63},[45,25505,7656],{"class":67},[45,25507,429],{"class":63},[45,25509,73],{"class":59},[45,25511,438],{"class":63},[45,25513,9285],{"class":67},[45,25515,429],{"class":63},[45,25517,3880],{"class":59},[14,25519,25520],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[36,25522,25524],{"className":38,"code":25523,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[18,25525,25526,25562,25581,25585],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25527,25528,25530,25532,25534,25536,25538,25540,25542,25544,25546,25548,25550,25552,25554,25556,25558,25560],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25529,9151],{"class":51},[45,25531,56],{"class":55},[45,25533,10477],{"class":59},[45,25535,64],{"class":63},[45,25537,7656],{"class":67},[45,25539,64],{"class":63},[45,25541,1111],{"class":59},[45,25543,76],{"class":63},[45,25545,12867],{"class":67},[45,25547,64],{"class":63},[45,25549,73],{"class":59},[45,25551,76],{"class":63},[45,25553,9285],{"class":67},[45,25555,64],{"class":63},[45,25557,1111],{"class":59},[45,25559,590],{"class":202},[45,25561,9295],{"class":59},[45,25563,25564,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,25565,25566],{"class":51},"key_list ",[45,25568,56],{"class":55},[45,25570,1114],{"class":315},[45,25572,109],{"class":59},[45,25574,9190],{"class":105},[45,25576,102],{"class":59},[45,25578,16909],{"class":105},[45,25580,7181],{"class":59},[45,25582,25583],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25584,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,25586,25587,25589,25591,25594],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,25588,125],{"class":124},[45,25590,109],{"class":59},[45,25592,25593],{"class":105},"key_list",[45,25595,118],{"class":59},[1864,25597,25599,25600,25602],{"id":25598},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[18,25601,17051],{}," on a list or string",[14,25604,25605,25607],{},[18,25606,17051],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25609,2830],{},[36,25611,25613],{"className":38,"code":25612,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[18,25614,25615,25635],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25616,25617,25619,25621,25623,25625,25627,25629,25631,25633],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25618,195],{"class":51},[45,25620,56],{"class":55},[45,25622,60],{"class":59},[45,25624,203],{"class":202},[45,25626,73],{"class":59},[45,25628,208],{"class":202},[45,25630,73],{"class":59},[45,25632,213],{"class":202},[45,25634,93],{"class":59},[45,25636,25637,25639,25641,25643,25645,25647],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,25638,125],{"class":124},[45,25640,109],{"class":59},[45,25642,251],{"class":105},[45,25644,102],{"class":59},[45,25646,16909],{"class":105},[45,25648,7181],{"class":59},[14,25650,25651,25652,25655,25656,25658,25659,102],{},"You may get an ",[18,25653,25654],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[18,25657,17051],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[364,25660,25662,25663,25666],{"href":25661},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[18,25664,25665],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1864,25668,25670],{"id":25669},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25672,25673],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[36,25675,25677],{"className":38,"code":25676,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[18,25678,25679,25703],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25680,25681,25683,25685,25687,25689,25691,25693,25695,25697,25699,25701],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25682,9151],{"class":51},[45,25684,56],{"class":55},[45,25686,10477],{"class":59},[45,25688,64],{"class":63},[45,25690,7656],{"class":67},[45,25692,64],{"class":63},[45,25694,1111],{"class":59},[45,25696,76],{"class":63},[45,25698,12867],{"class":67},[45,25700,64],{"class":63},[45,25702,9295],{"class":59},[45,25704,25705,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,25706,125],{"class":124},[45,25708,109],{"class":59},[45,25710,9190],{"class":105},[45,25712,102],{"class":59},[45,25714,16909],{"class":1831},[45,25716,118],{"class":59},[14,25718,25719],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25721,18680],{},[36,25723,25725],{"className":38,"code":25724,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(data.keys())\n",[18,25726,25727],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25728,25729,25731,25733,25735,25737,25739],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25730,125],{"class":124},[45,25732,109],{"class":59},[45,25734,9190],{"class":105},[45,25736,102],{"class":59},[45,25738,16909],{"class":105},[45,25740,7181],{"class":59},[31,25742,1709],{"id":1708},[14,25744,25745,25746,1111],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[18,25747,17051],{},[157,25749,25750,25755,25761,25767],{},[160,25751,1736,25752,25754],{},[18,25753,17051],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[160,25756,25757,25758,25760],{},"Thinking ",[18,25759,17051],{}," returns values too",[160,25762,25763,25764,25766],{},"Trying to index ",[18,25765,17000],{}," like a normal list",[160,25768,25769,25770,25772],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[18,25771,17000],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25774,25775],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[36,25777,25779],{"className":38,"code":25778,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[18,25780,25781,25813,25827,25831,25841],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25782,25783,25785,25787,25789,25791,25793,25795,25797,25799,25801,25803,25805,25807,25809,25811],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25784,9151],{"class":51},[45,25786,56],{"class":55},[45,25788,10477],{"class":59},[45,25790,64],{"class":63},[45,25792,364],{"class":67},[45,25794,64],{"class":63},[45,25796,1111],{"class":59},[45,25798,5488],{"class":202},[45,25800,73],{"class":59},[45,25802,76],{"class":63},[45,25804,373],{"class":67},[45,25806,64],{"class":63},[45,25808,1111],{"class":59},[45,25810,208],{"class":202},[45,25812,9295],{"class":59},[45,25814,25815,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,25816,17228],{"class":51},[45,25818,56],{"class":55},[45,25820,14552],{"class":51},[45,25822,102],{"class":59},[45,25824,16909],{"class":105},[45,25826,8627],{"class":59},[45,25828,25829],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25830,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,25832,25833,25835,25837,25839],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,25834,125],{"class":124},[45,25836,109],{"class":59},[45,25838,16909],{"class":105},[45,25840,118],{"class":59},[45,25842,25843],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,25844,25845],{"class":137},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,25847,25848],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[36,25850,25852],{"className":38,"code":25851,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[18,25853,25854,25886,25904,25908],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25855,25856,25858,25860,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872,25874,25876,25878,25880,25882,25884],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25857,9151],{"class":51},[45,25859,56],{"class":55},[45,25861,10477],{"class":59},[45,25863,64],{"class":63},[45,25865,364],{"class":67},[45,25867,64],{"class":63},[45,25869,1111],{"class":59},[45,25871,5488],{"class":202},[45,25873,73],{"class":59},[45,25875,76],{"class":63},[45,25877,373],{"class":67},[45,25879,64],{"class":63},[45,25881,1111],{"class":59},[45,25883,208],{"class":202},[45,25885,9295],{"class":59},[45,25887,25888,25890,25892,25894,25896,25898,25900,25902],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,25889,17228],{"class":51},[45,25891,56],{"class":55},[45,25893,1114],{"class":315},[45,25895,109],{"class":59},[45,25897,9190],{"class":105},[45,25899,102],{"class":59},[45,25901,16909],{"class":105},[45,25903,7181],{"class":59},[45,25905,25906],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25907,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,25909,25910,25912,25914,25916,25918,25920],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,25911,125],{"class":124},[45,25913,109],{"class":59},[45,25915,16909],{"class":105},[45,25917,278],{"class":59},[45,25919,2114],{"class":202},[45,25921,3880],{"class":59},[31,25923,25925],{"id":25924},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,25927,11101],{},[36,25929,25931],{"className":38,"code":25930,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[18,25932,25933,25947,25957,25971],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25934,25935,25937,25939,25941,25943,25945],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25936,125],{"class":124},[45,25938,109],{"class":59},[45,25940,1811],{"class":315},[45,25942,109],{"class":59},[45,25944,11438],{"class":105},[45,25946,1802],{"class":59},[45,25948,25949,25951,25953,25955],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,25950,125],{"class":124},[45,25952,109],{"class":59},[45,25954,11438],{"class":105},[45,25956,118],{"class":59},[45,25958,25959,25961,25963,25965,25967,25969],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25960,125],{"class":124},[45,25962,109],{"class":59},[45,25964,11438],{"class":105},[45,25966,102],{"class":59},[45,25968,16909],{"class":105},[45,25970,7181],{"class":59},[45,25972,25973,25975,25977,25979,25981,25983,25985,25987],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,25974,125],{"class":124},[45,25976,109],{"class":59},[45,25978,316],{"class":315},[45,25980,109],{"class":59},[45,25982,11438],{"class":105},[45,25984,102],{"class":59},[45,25986,16909],{"class":105},[45,25988,6277],{"class":59},[14,25990,25991],{},"These help you confirm:",[157,25993,25994,25997,26000,26005],{},[160,25995,25996],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[160,25998,25999],{},"what data it contains",[160,26001,26002,26003,11694],{},"what ",[18,26004,17051],{},[160,26006,26007],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[31,26009,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,26011,23901,26013,5136],{"id":26012},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[18,26014,17051],{},[14,26016,17408,26017,26019],{},[18,26018,17000],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1864,26021,14889,26023,26026],{"id":26022},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[18,26024,26025],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,26028,26029,26030,26032,26033,102],{},"No. It returns a ",[18,26031,17000],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[18,26034,26035],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1864,26037,26039,26040,2485],{"id":26038},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[18,26041,26025],{},[14,26043,26044,26045,26047],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[18,26046,970],{}," loop.",[1864,26049,26051,26052,26054],{"id":26050},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[18,26053,17051],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,26056,26057,26058,26060],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[18,26059,17051],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1864,26062,26064],{"id":26063},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,26066,141,26067,102],{},[18,26068,26069],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[31,26071,1909],{"id":1908},[157,26073,26074,26079,26085,26091,26097,26101],{},[160,26075,26076],{},[364,26077,26078],{"href":9377},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[160,26080,26081],{},[364,26082,10724,26083,10728],{"href":17054},[18,26084,17057],{},[160,26086,26087],{},[364,26088,10724,26089,10728],{"href":17061},[18,26090,17064],{},[160,26092,26093],{},[364,26094,26096],{"href":26095},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[160,26098,26099],{},[364,26100,17140],{"href":17139},[160,26102,26103],{},[364,26104,26105,26106,25666],{"href":25661},"How to fix ",[18,26107,25665],{},[1936,26109,26110],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":26112},[26113,26114,26116,26117,26118,26119,26120,26122,26131,26132,26133,26144],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":24232,"depth":96,"text":26115},"What keys() does",{"id":447,"depth":96,"text":448},{"id":304,"depth":96,"text":305},{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405},{"id":24921,"depth":96,"text":24922},{"id":25077,"depth":96,"text":26121},"When to use keys()",{"id":25339,"depth":96,"text":25340,"children":26123},[26124,26126,26128,26130],{"id":25348,"depth":121,"text":26125},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25454,"depth":121,"text":26127},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25598,"depth":121,"text":26129},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25669,"depth":121,"text":25670},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":25924,"depth":96,"text":25925},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":26134},[26135,26137,26139,26141,26143],{"id":26012,"depth":121,"text":26136},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26022,"depth":121,"text":26138},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26038,"depth":121,"text":26140},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26050,"depth":121,"text":26142},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26063,"depth":121,"text":26064},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24054,"description":26145},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26151,"title":26152,"body":26153,"description":28424,"extension":1958,"meta":28425,"navigation":241,"path":28426,"seo":28427,"stem":28428,"__hash__":28429},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26154,"toc":28377},[26155,26160,26165,26168,26170,26315,26328,26333,26337,26351,26353,26456,26465,26467,26470,26508,26533,26535,26642,26644,26651,26654,26662,26664,26805,26813,26818,26822,26833,26835,26997,27000,27007,27014,27020,27117,27123,27200,27203,27215,27220,27226,27229,27233,27322,27325,27329,27433,27440,27527,27536,27538,27543,27549,27552,27598,27601,27667,27676,27682,27775,27781,27787,27830,27833,27898,27904,27996,27999,28003,28009,28034,28037,28133,28140,28142,28147,28238,28240,28268,28273,28275,28282,28285,28289,28299,28304,28307,28314,28324,28331,28339,28341,28374],[10,26156,11307,26158,11311],{"id":26157},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[18,26159,1304],{},[14,26161,26162,26164],{},[18,26163,12558],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26166,26167],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[31,26169,3603],{"id":3602},[36,26171,26173],{"className":38,"code":26172,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[18,26174,26175,26211,26234,26248,26261,26265,26270,26302],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,26176,26177,26179,26181,26183,26185,26187,26189,26191,26193,26195,26197,26199,26201,26203,26205,26207,26209],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,26178,13189],{"class":51},[45,26180,56],{"class":55},[45,26182,10477],{"class":59},[45,26184,64],{"class":63},[45,26186,7656],{"class":67},[45,26188,64],{"class":63},[45,26190,1111],{"class":59},[45,26192,76],{"class":63},[45,26194,12867],{"class":67},[45,26196,64],{"class":63},[45,26198,73],{"class":59},[45,26200,76],{"class":63},[45,26202,9285],{"class":67},[45,26204,64],{"class":63},[45,26206,1111],{"class":59},[45,26208,9292],{"class":202},[45,26210,9295],{"class":59},[45,26212,26213,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224,26226,26228,26230,26232],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,26214,26215],{"class":51},"removed_age ",[45,26217,56],{"class":55},[45,26219,13232],{"class":51},[45,26221,102],{"class":59},[45,26223,1485],{"class":105},[45,26225,109],{"class":59},[45,26227,64],{"class":63},[45,26229,9285],{"class":67},[45,26231,64],{"class":63},[45,26233,118],{"class":59},[45,26235,26236,26238,26240,26243,26245],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,26237,125],{"class":124},[45,26239,109],{"class":59},[45,26241,26242],{"class":105},"removed_age",[45,26244,3654],{"class":59},[45,26246,26247],{"class":137},"   # 25\n",[45,26249,26250,26252,26254,26256,26258],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,26251,125],{"class":124},[45,26253,109],{"class":59},[45,26255,17293],{"class":105},[45,26257,3654],{"class":59},[45,26259,26260],{"class":137},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[45,26262,26263],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,26264,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,26266,26267],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,26268,26269],{"class":137},"# Safe version with default value\n",[45,26271,26272,26275,26277,26279,26281,26283,26285,26287,26289,26291,26293,26295,26298,26300],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,26273,26274],{"class":51},"country ",[45,26276,56],{"class":55},[45,26278,13232],{"class":51},[45,26280,102],{"class":59},[45,26282,1485],{"class":105},[45,26284,109],{"class":59},[45,26286,64],{"class":63},[45,26288,15248],{"class":67},[45,26290,64],{"class":63},[45,26292,73],{"class":59},[45,26294,76],{"class":63},[45,26296,26297],{"class":67},"Not found",[45,26299,64],{"class":63},[45,26301,118],{"class":59},[45,26303,26304,26306,26308,26310,26312],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,26305,125],{"class":124},[45,26307,109],{"class":59},[45,26309,15248],{"class":105},[45,26311,3654],{"class":59},[45,26313,26314],{"class":137},"       # Not found\n",[14,26316,141,26317,26320,26321,26324,26325,26327],{},[18,26318,26319],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[18,26322,26323],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[18,26326,19673],{}," when the key might not exist.",[31,26329,3671,26331,3674],{"id":26330},"what-dictpop-does",[18,26332,12558],{},[14,26334,26335,1111],{},[18,26336,12558],{},[157,26338,26339,26342,26345,26348],{},[160,26340,26341],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[160,26343,26344],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[160,26346,26347],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[160,26349,26350],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26352,345],{},[36,26354,26356],{"className":38,"code":26355,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[18,26357,26358,26398,26402,26425,26429,26443],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,26359,26360,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370,26372,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382,26384,26386,26388,26390,26392,26394,26396],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,26361,11477],{"class":51},[45,26363,56],{"class":55},[45,26365,10477],{"class":59},[45,26367,64],{"class":63},[45,26369,7656],{"class":67},[45,26371,64],{"class":63},[45,26373,1111],{"class":59},[45,26375,76],{"class":63},[45,26377,13206],{"class":67},[45,26379,64],{"class":63},[45,26381,73],{"class":59},[45,26383,76],{"class":63},[45,26385,10395],{"class":67},[45,26387,64],{"class":63},[45,26389,1111],{"class":59},[45,26391,76],{"class":63},[45,26393,10402],{"class":67},[45,26395,64],{"class":63},[45,26397,9295],{"class":59},[45,26399,26400],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,26401,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,26403,26404,26407,26409,26411,26413,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,26405,26406],{"class":51},"removed_city ",[45,26408,56],{"class":55},[45,26410,11560],{"class":51},[45,26412,102],{"class":59},[45,26414,1485],{"class":105},[45,26416,109],{"class":59},[45,26418,64],{"class":63},[45,26420,10395],{"class":67},[45,26422,64],{"class":63},[45,26424,118],{"class":59},[45,26426,26427],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,26428,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,26430,26431,26433,26435,26438,26440],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,26432,125],{"class":124},[45,26434,109],{"class":59},[45,26436,26437],{"class":105},"removed_city",[45,26439,3654],{"class":59},[45,26441,26442],{"class":137},"  # Paris\n",[45,26444,26445,26447,26449,26451,26453],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,26446,125],{"class":124},[45,26448,109],{"class":59},[45,26450,11571],{"class":105},[45,26452,3654],{"class":59},[45,26454,26455],{"class":137},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26457,20757,26458,26461,26462,102],{},[18,26459,26460],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[18,26463,26464],{},"\"Paris\"",[31,26466,2153],{"id":2152},[14,26468,26469],{},"There are two common forms:",[36,26471,26473],{"className":38,"code":26472,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[18,26474,26475,26489],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,26476,26477,26479,26481,26483,26485,26487],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,26478,11438],{"class":51},[45,26480,102],{"class":59},[45,26482,1485],{"class":105},[45,26484,109],{"class":59},[45,26486,14827],{"class":105},[45,26488,118],{"class":59},[45,26490,26491,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26506],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,26492,11438],{"class":51},[45,26494,102],{"class":59},[45,26496,1485],{"class":105},[45,26498,109],{"class":59},[45,26500,14827],{"class":105},[45,26502,73],{"class":59},[45,26504,26505],{"class":105}," default",[45,26507,118],{"class":59},[157,26509,26510,26516,26524,26530],{},[160,26511,26512,26515],{},[18,26513,26514],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[160,26517,26518,26520,26521,26523],{},[18,26519,26514],{}," raises ",[18,26522,19673],{}," if the key is missing",[160,26525,26526,26529],{},[18,26527,26528],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[160,26531,26532],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26534,345],{},[36,26536,26538],{"className":38,"code":26537,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[18,26539,26540,26572,26576,26601,26629],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,26541,26542,26544,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556,26558,26560,26562,26564,26566,26568,26570],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,26543,578],{"class":51},[45,26545,56],{"class":55},[45,26547,10477],{"class":59},[45,26549,64],{"class":63},[45,26551,18402],{"class":67},[45,26553,64],{"class":63},[45,26555,1111],{"class":59},[45,26557,19884],{"class":202},[45,26559,73],{"class":59},[45,26561,76],{"class":63},[45,26563,18411],{"class":67},[45,26565,64],{"class":63},[45,26567,1111],{"class":59},[45,26569,13492],{"class":202},[45,26571,9295],{"class":59},[45,26573,26574],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,26575,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,26577,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590,26592,26594,26596,26598],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,26579,125],{"class":124},[45,26581,109],{"class":59},[45,26583,607],{"class":105},[45,26585,102],{"class":59},[45,26587,1485],{"class":105},[45,26589,109],{"class":59},[45,26591,64],{"class":63},[45,26593,18402],{"class":67},[45,26595,64],{"class":63},[45,26597,5353],{"class":59},[45,26599,26600],{"class":137},"         # 90\n",[45,26602,26603,26605,26607,26609,26611,26613,26615,26617,26619,26621,26623,26625,26627],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,26604,125],{"class":124},[45,26606,109],{"class":59},[45,26608,607],{"class":105},[45,26610,102],{"class":59},[45,26612,1485],{"class":105},[45,26614,109],{"class":59},[45,26616,64],{"class":63},[45,26618,18420],{"class":67},[45,26620,64],{"class":63},[45,26622,73],{"class":59},[45,26624,3827],{"class":202},[45,26626,5353],{"class":59},[45,26628,20754],{"class":137},[45,26630,26631,26633,26635,26637,26639],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,26632,125],{"class":124},[45,26634,109],{"class":59},[45,26636,607],{"class":105},[45,26638,3654],{"class":59},[45,26640,26641],{"class":137},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[31,26643,17405],{"id":17404},[14,26645,26646,14039,26648,26650],{},[18,26647,1304],{},[26,26649,178],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26652,26653],{},"Instead, it returns:",[157,26655,26656,26659],{},[160,26657,26658],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[160,26660,26661],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26663,345],{},[36,26665,26667],{"className":38,"code":26666,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[18,26668,26669,26701,26705,26728,26760,26764,26778,26792],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,26670,26671,26673,26675,26677,26679,26681,26683,26685,26687,26689,26691,26693,26695,26697,26699],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,26672,9151],{"class":51},[45,26674,56],{"class":55},[45,26676,10477],{"class":59},[45,26678,64],{"class":63},[45,26680,364],{"class":67},[45,26682,64],{"class":63},[45,26684,1111],{"class":59},[45,26686,5991],{"class":202},[45,26688,73],{"class":59},[45,26690,76],{"class":63},[45,26692,373],{"class":67},[45,26694,64],{"class":63},[45,26696,1111],{"class":59},[45,26698,590],{"class":202},[45,26700,9295],{"class":59},[45,26702,26703],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,26704,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,26706,26707,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,26708,26709],{"class":51},"result1 ",[45,26711,56],{"class":55},[45,26713,14552],{"class":51},[45,26715,102],{"class":59},[45,26717,1485],{"class":105},[45,26719,109],{"class":59},[45,26721,64],{"class":63},[45,26723,364],{"class":67},[45,26725,64],{"class":63},[45,26727,118],{"class":59},[45,26729,26730,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753,26756,26758],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,26731,26732],{"class":51},"result2 ",[45,26734,56],{"class":55},[45,26736,14552],{"class":51},[45,26738,102],{"class":59},[45,26740,1485],{"class":105},[45,26742,109],{"class":59},[45,26744,64],{"class":63},[45,26746,382],{"class":67},[45,26748,64],{"class":63},[45,26750,73],{"class":59},[45,26752,76],{"class":63},[45,26754,26755],{"class":67},"missing",[45,26757,64],{"class":63},[45,26759,118],{"class":59},[45,26761,26762],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,26763,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,26765,26766,26768,26770,26773,26775],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,26767,125],{"class":124},[45,26769,109],{"class":59},[45,26771,26772],{"class":105},"result1",[45,26774,3654],{"class":59},[45,26776,26777],{"class":137},"  # 10\n",[45,26779,26780,26782,26784,26787,26789],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,26781,125],{"class":124},[45,26783,109],{"class":59},[45,26785,26786],{"class":105},"result2",[45,26788,3654],{"class":59},[45,26790,26791],{"class":137},"  # missing\n",[45,26793,26794,26796,26798,26800,26802],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,26795,125],{"class":124},[45,26797,109],{"class":59},[45,26799,9190],{"class":105},[45,26801,3654],{"class":59},[45,26803,26804],{"class":137},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,26806,26807,26808,6618],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[364,26809,26810],{"href":10723},[18,26811,26812],{},"dict.get()",[31,26814,4952,26816],{"id":26815},"when-to-use-pop",[18,26817,1304],{},[14,26819,141,26820,10588],{},[18,26821,1304],{},[157,26823,26824,26827,26830],{},[160,26825,26826],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[160,26828,26829],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[160,26831,26832],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,26834,345],{},[36,26836,26838],{"className":38,"code":26837,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[18,26839,26840,26892,26896,26923,26927,26951,26955,26969,26983],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,26841,26842,26844,26846,26848,26850,26852,26854,26856,26858,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871,26873,26876,26878,26880,26883,26885,26887,26890],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,26843,25106],{"class":51},[45,26845,56],{"class":55},[45,26847,10477],{"class":59},[45,26849,64],{"class":63},[45,26851,7656],{"class":67},[45,26853,64],{"class":63},[45,26855,1111],{"class":59},[45,26857,76],{"class":63},[45,26859,26860],{"class":67},"Laptop",[45,26862,64],{"class":63},[45,26864,73],{"class":59},[45,26866,76],{"class":63},[45,26868,25132],{"class":67},[45,26870,64],{"class":63},[45,26872,1111],{"class":59},[45,26874,26875],{"class":202}," 1200",[45,26877,73],{"class":59},[45,26879,76],{"class":63},[45,26881,26882],{"class":67},"discount",[45,26884,64],{"class":63},[45,26886,1111],{"class":59},[45,26888,26889],{"class":202}," 200",[45,26891,9295],{"class":59},[45,26893,26894],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,26895,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,26897,26898,26901,26903,26905,26907,26909,26911,26913,26915,26917,26919,26921],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,26899,26900],{"class":51},"discount_amount ",[45,26902,56],{"class":55},[45,26904,25184],{"class":51},[45,26906,102],{"class":59},[45,26908,1485],{"class":105},[45,26910,109],{"class":59},[45,26912,64],{"class":63},[45,26914,26882],{"class":67},[45,26916,64],{"class":63},[45,26918,73],{"class":59},[45,26920,3827],{"class":202},[45,26922,118],{"class":59},[45,26924,26925],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,26926,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,26928,26929,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942,26944,26946,26948],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,26930,26931],{"class":51},"final_price ",[45,26933,56],{"class":55},[45,26935,25184],{"class":51},[45,26937,278],{"class":59},[45,26939,64],{"class":63},[45,26941,25132],{"class":67},[45,26943,64],{"class":63},[45,26945,13258],{"class":59},[45,26947,2218],{"class":55},[45,26949,26950],{"class":51}," discount_amount\n",[45,26952,26953],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,26954,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,26956,26957,26959,26961,26964,26966],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,26958,125],{"class":124},[45,26960,109],{"class":59},[45,26962,26963],{"class":105},"discount_amount",[45,26965,3654],{"class":59},[45,26967,26968],{"class":137},"  # 200\n",[45,26970,26971,26973,26975,26978,26980],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,26972,125],{"class":124},[45,26974,109],{"class":59},[45,26976,26977],{"class":105},"final_price",[45,26979,3654],{"class":59},[45,26981,26982],{"class":137},"      # 1000\n",[45,26984,26985,26987,26989,26992,26994],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,26986,125],{"class":124},[45,26988,109],{"class":59},[45,26990,26991],{"class":105},"product",[45,26993,3654],{"class":59},[45,26995,26996],{"class":137},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,26998,26999],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[31,27001,27003,10572,27005],{"id":27002},"pop-vs-del",[18,27004,1304],{},[18,27006,1576],{},[14,27008,10577,27009,1301,27011,27013],{},[18,27010,1304],{},[18,27012,1576],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1864,27015,141,27017,27019],{"id":27016},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[18,27018,1304],{}," when you need the removed value",[36,27021,27023],{"className":38,"code":27022,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,27024,27025,27061,27065,27087,27091,27104],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27026,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037,27039,27041,27043,27045,27047,27049,27051,27053,27055,27057,27059],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27028,13189],{"class":51},[45,27030,56],{"class":55},[45,27032,10477],{"class":59},[45,27034,64],{"class":63},[45,27036,7656],{"class":67},[45,27038,64],{"class":63},[45,27040,1111],{"class":59},[45,27042,76],{"class":63},[45,27044,12867],{"class":67},[45,27046,64],{"class":63},[45,27048,73],{"class":59},[45,27050,76],{"class":63},[45,27052,9285],{"class":67},[45,27054,64],{"class":63},[45,27056,1111],{"class":59},[45,27058,9292],{"class":202},[45,27060,9295],{"class":59},[45,27062,27063],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,27064,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,27066,27067,27069,27071,27073,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083,27085],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27068,21612],{"class":51},[45,27070,56],{"class":55},[45,27072,13232],{"class":51},[45,27074,102],{"class":59},[45,27076,1485],{"class":105},[45,27078,109],{"class":59},[45,27080,64],{"class":63},[45,27082,9285],{"class":67},[45,27084,64],{"class":63},[45,27086,118],{"class":59},[45,27088,27089],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,27090,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,27092,27093,27095,27097,27099,27101],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,27094,125],{"class":124},[45,27096,109],{"class":59},[45,27098,9285],{"class":105},[45,27100,3654],{"class":59},[45,27102,27103],{"class":137},"     # 25\n",[45,27105,27106,27108,27110,27112,27114],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,27107,125],{"class":124},[45,27109,109],{"class":59},[45,27111,17293],{"class":105},[45,27113,3654],{"class":59},[45,27115,27116],{"class":137},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1864,27118,141,27120,27122],{"id":27119},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[18,27121,1576],{}," when you only want deletion",[36,27124,27126],{"className":38,"code":27125,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,27127,27128,27164,27168,27184,27188],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27129,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140,27142,27144,27146,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158,27160,27162],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27131,13189],{"class":51},[45,27133,56],{"class":55},[45,27135,10477],{"class":59},[45,27137,64],{"class":63},[45,27139,7656],{"class":67},[45,27141,64],{"class":63},[45,27143,1111],{"class":59},[45,27145,76],{"class":63},[45,27147,12867],{"class":67},[45,27149,64],{"class":63},[45,27151,73],{"class":59},[45,27153,76],{"class":63},[45,27155,9285],{"class":67},[45,27157,64],{"class":63},[45,27159,1111],{"class":59},[45,27161,9292],{"class":202},[45,27163,9295],{"class":59},[45,27165,27166],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,27167,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,27169,27170,27172,27174,27176,27178,27180,27182],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27171,1576],{"class":969},[45,27173,13232],{"class":51},[45,27175,278],{"class":59},[45,27177,64],{"class":63},[45,27179,9285],{"class":67},[45,27181,64],{"class":63},[45,27183,93],{"class":59},[45,27185,27186],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,27187,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,27189,27190,27192,27194,27196,27198],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,27191,125],{"class":124},[45,27193,109],{"class":59},[45,27195,17293],{"class":105},[45,27197,3654],{"class":59},[45,27199,27116],{"class":137},[14,27201,27202],{},"Difference:",[157,27204,27205,27210],{},[160,27206,27207,27209],{},[18,27208,1304],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[160,27211,27212,27214],{},[18,27213,1576],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27216,27217,27218,102],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[364,27219,12563],{"href":12562},[31,27221,27223,27224],{"id":27222},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[18,27225,19673],{},[14,27227,27228],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1864,27230,27232],{"id":27231},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[36,27234,27236],{"className":38,"code":27235,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27237,27238,27263,27267,27293,27297,27309],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27239,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256,27259,27261],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27241,11713],{"class":51},[45,27243,56],{"class":55},[45,27245,10477],{"class":59},[45,27247,64],{"class":63},[45,27249,7656],{"class":67},[45,27251,64],{"class":63},[45,27253,1111],{"class":59},[45,27255,76],{"class":63},[45,27257,27258],{"class":67},"Sara",[45,27260,64],{"class":63},[45,27262,9295],{"class":59},[45,27264,27265],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,27266,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,27268,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279,27281,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27270,1185],{"class":51},[45,27272,56],{"class":55},[45,27274,11755],{"class":51},[45,27276,102],{"class":59},[45,27278,1485],{"class":105},[45,27280,109],{"class":59},[45,27282,64],{"class":63},[45,27284,9285],{"class":67},[45,27286,64],{"class":63},[45,27288,73],{"class":59},[45,27290,3846],{"class":291},[45,27292,118],{"class":59},[45,27294,27295],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,27296,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,27298,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,27300,125],{"class":124},[45,27302,109],{"class":59},[45,27304,28],{"class":105},[45,27306,3654],{"class":59},[45,27308,20547],{"class":137},[45,27310,27311,27313,27315,27317,27319],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,27312,125],{"class":124},[45,27314,109],{"class":59},[45,27316,11438],{"class":105},[45,27318,3654],{"class":59},[45,27320,27321],{"class":137}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27323,27324],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1864,27326,27328],{"id":27327},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[36,27330,27332],{"className":38,"code":27331,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[18,27333,27334,27358,27362,27378,27401,27411,27418],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27335,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350,27352,27354,27356],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27337,11713],{"class":51},[45,27339,56],{"class":55},[45,27341,10477],{"class":59},[45,27343,64],{"class":63},[45,27345,7656],{"class":67},[45,27347,64],{"class":63},[45,27349,1111],{"class":59},[45,27351,76],{"class":63},[45,27353,27258],{"class":67},[45,27355,64],{"class":63},[45,27357,9295],{"class":59},[45,27359,27360],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,27361,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,27363,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374,27376],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27365,982],{"class":969},[45,27367,76],{"class":63},[45,27369,9285],{"class":67},[45,27371,64],{"class":63},[45,27373,1134],{"class":55},[45,27375,11755],{"class":51},[45,27377,1213],{"class":59},[45,27379,27380,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,27381,27382],{"class":51},"    value ",[45,27384,56],{"class":55},[45,27386,11755],{"class":51},[45,27388,102],{"class":59},[45,27390,1485],{"class":105},[45,27392,109],{"class":59},[45,27394,64],{"class":63},[45,27396,9285],{"class":67},[45,27398,64],{"class":63},[45,27400,118],{"class":59},[45,27402,27403,27405,27407,27409],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,27404,8055],{"class":124},[45,27406,109],{"class":59},[45,27408,28],{"class":105},[45,27410,118],{"class":59},[45,27412,27413,27416],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,27414,27415],{"class":969},"else",[45,27417,1213],{"class":59},[45,27419,27420,27422,27424,27426,27429,27431],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,27421,8055],{"class":124},[45,27423,109],{"class":59},[45,27425,64],{"class":63},[45,27427,27428],{"class":67},"Key not found",[45,27430,64],{"class":63},[45,27432,118],{"class":59},[1864,27434,27436,27437,27439],{"id":27435},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[18,27438,10727],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[36,27441,27443],{"className":38,"code":27442,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27444,27445,27469,27473,27499,27503,27515],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27446,27447,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465,27467],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27448,11713],{"class":51},[45,27450,56],{"class":55},[45,27452,10477],{"class":59},[45,27454,64],{"class":63},[45,27456,7656],{"class":67},[45,27458,64],{"class":63},[45,27460,1111],{"class":59},[45,27462,76],{"class":63},[45,27464,27258],{"class":67},[45,27466,64],{"class":63},[45,27468,9295],{"class":59},[45,27470,27471],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,27472,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,27474,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27476,1185],{"class":51},[45,27478,56],{"class":55},[45,27480,11755],{"class":51},[45,27482,102],{"class":59},[45,27484,19736],{"class":105},[45,27486,109],{"class":59},[45,27488,64],{"class":63},[45,27490,9285],{"class":67},[45,27492,64],{"class":63},[45,27494,73],{"class":59},[45,27496,3846],{"class":291},[45,27498,118],{"class":59},[45,27500,27501],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,27502,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,27504,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,27506,125],{"class":124},[45,27508,109],{"class":59},[45,27510,28],{"class":105},[45,27512,3654],{"class":59},[45,27514,20547],{"class":137},[45,27516,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,27518,125],{"class":124},[45,27520,109],{"class":59},[45,27522,11438],{"class":105},[45,27524,3654],{"class":59},[45,27526,27321],{"class":137},[14,27528,141,27529,27533,27534,102],{},[364,27530,27531],{"href":10723},[18,27532,26812],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[364,27535,11251],{"href":11062},[31,27537,4509],{"id":4508},[14,27539,27540,27541,102],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[18,27542,12558],{},[1864,27544,25757,27546,27548],{"id":27545},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[18,27547,1304],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27550,27551],{},"Lists use indexes:",[36,27553,27555],{"className":38,"code":27554,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[18,27556,27557,27577],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27558,27559,27561,27563,27565,27567,27569,27571,27573,27575],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27560,195],{"class":51},[45,27562,56],{"class":55},[45,27564,60],{"class":59},[45,27566,585],{"class":202},[45,27568,73],{"class":59},[45,27570,590],{"class":202},[45,27572,73],{"class":59},[45,27574,595],{"class":202},[45,27576,93],{"class":59},[45,27578,27579,27581,27583,27585,27587,27589,27591,27593,27595],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,27580,125],{"class":124},[45,27582,109],{"class":59},[45,27584,251],{"class":105},[45,27586,102],{"class":59},[45,27588,1485],{"class":105},[45,27590,109],{"class":59},[45,27592,203],{"class":202},[45,27594,5353],{"class":59},[45,27596,27597],{"class":137},"  # 20\n",[14,27599,27600],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[36,27602,27604],{"className":38,"code":27603,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[18,27605,27606,27642],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27607,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634,27636,27638,27640],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27609,13189],{"class":51},[45,27611,56],{"class":55},[45,27613,10477],{"class":59},[45,27615,64],{"class":63},[45,27617,7656],{"class":67},[45,27619,64],{"class":63},[45,27621,1111],{"class":59},[45,27623,76],{"class":63},[45,27625,12867],{"class":67},[45,27627,64],{"class":63},[45,27629,73],{"class":59},[45,27631,76],{"class":63},[45,27633,9285],{"class":67},[45,27635,64],{"class":63},[45,27637,1111],{"class":59},[45,27639,9292],{"class":202},[45,27641,9295],{"class":59},[45,27643,27644,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654,27656,27658,27660,27662,27664],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,27645,125],{"class":124},[45,27647,109],{"class":59},[45,27649,17293],{"class":105},[45,27651,102],{"class":59},[45,27653,1485],{"class":105},[45,27655,109],{"class":59},[45,27657,64],{"class":63},[45,27659,9285],{"class":67},[45,27661,64],{"class":63},[45,27663,5353],{"class":59},[45,27665,27666],{"class":137},"  # 25\n",[14,27668,27669,27670,27672,27673,27675],{},"A dictionary does ",[26,27671,178],{}," use positions with ",[18,27674,1304],{},". It uses keys.",[1864,27677,4695,27679,27681],{"id":27678},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[18,27680,1304],{}," changes the original dictionary",[36,27683,27685],{"className":38,"code":27684,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[18,27686,27687,27719,27723,27745,27749,27762],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27688,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713,27715,27717],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27690,9151],{"class":51},[45,27692,56],{"class":55},[45,27694,10477],{"class":59},[45,27696,64],{"class":63},[45,27698,1123],{"class":67},[45,27700,64],{"class":63},[45,27702,1111],{"class":59},[45,27704,5488],{"class":202},[45,27706,73],{"class":59},[45,27708,76],{"class":63},[45,27710,11734],{"class":67},[45,27712,64],{"class":63},[45,27714,1111],{"class":59},[45,27716,208],{"class":202},[45,27718,9295],{"class":59},[45,27720,27721],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,27722,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,27724,27725,27727,27729,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27726,1185],{"class":51},[45,27728,56],{"class":55},[45,27730,14552],{"class":51},[45,27732,102],{"class":59},[45,27734,1485],{"class":105},[45,27736,109],{"class":59},[45,27738,64],{"class":63},[45,27740,1123],{"class":67},[45,27742,64],{"class":63},[45,27744,118],{"class":59},[45,27746,27747],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,27748,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,27750,27751,27753,27755,27757,27759],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,27752,125],{"class":124},[45,27754,109],{"class":59},[45,27756,28],{"class":105},[45,27758,3654],{"class":59},[45,27760,27761],{"class":137},"  # 1\n",[45,27763,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,27765,125],{"class":124},[45,27767,109],{"class":59},[45,27769,9190],{"class":105},[45,27771,3654],{"class":59},[45,27773,27774],{"class":137},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27776,27777,27778,27780],{},"After ",[18,27779,1304],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1864,27782,1736,27784,27786],{"id":27783},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[18,27785,1304],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[36,27788,27790],{"className":38,"code":27789,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[18,27791,27792,27816,27820,27825],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27793,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27795,9151],{"class":51},[45,27797,56],{"class":55},[45,27799,10477],{"class":59},[45,27801,64],{"class":63},[45,27803,7656],{"class":67},[45,27805,64],{"class":63},[45,27807,1111],{"class":59},[45,27809,76],{"class":63},[45,27811,7907],{"class":67},[45,27813,64],{"class":63},[45,27815,9295],{"class":59},[45,27817,27818],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,27819,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,27821,27822],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27823,27824],{"class":137},"# This causes an error\n",[45,27826,27827],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,27828,27829],{"class":137},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,27831,27832],{},"Safer version:",[36,27834,27836],{"className":38,"code":27835,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[18,27837,27838,27862,27866],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27839,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27841,9151],{"class":51},[45,27843,56],{"class":55},[45,27845,10477],{"class":59},[45,27847,64],{"class":63},[45,27849,7656],{"class":67},[45,27851,64],{"class":63},[45,27853,1111],{"class":59},[45,27855,76],{"class":63},[45,27857,7907],{"class":67},[45,27859,64],{"class":63},[45,27861,9295],{"class":59},[45,27863,27864],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,27865,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,27867,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878,27880,27882,27884,27886,27888,27890,27892,27894,27896],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27869,125],{"class":124},[45,27871,109],{"class":59},[45,27873,9190],{"class":105},[45,27875,102],{"class":59},[45,27877,1485],{"class":105},[45,27879,109],{"class":59},[45,27881,64],{"class":63},[45,27883,9285],{"class":67},[45,27885,64],{"class":63},[45,27887,73],{"class":59},[45,27889,76],{"class":63},[45,27891,26755],{"class":67},[45,27893,64],{"class":63},[45,27895,5353],{"class":59},[45,27897,26791],{"class":137},[1864,27899,1722,27901,27903],{"id":27900},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[18,27902,1304],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[36,27905,27907],{"className":38,"code":27906,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[18,27908,27909,27941,27945,27967,27971,27983],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27910,27911,27913,27915,27917,27919,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27912,9151],{"class":51},[45,27914,56],{"class":55},[45,27916,10477],{"class":59},[45,27918,64],{"class":63},[45,27920,364],{"class":67},[45,27922,64],{"class":63},[45,27924,1111],{"class":59},[45,27926,5488],{"class":202},[45,27928,73],{"class":59},[45,27930,76],{"class":63},[45,27932,373],{"class":67},[45,27934,64],{"class":63},[45,27936,1111],{"class":59},[45,27938,208],{"class":202},[45,27940,9295],{"class":59},[45,27942,27943],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,27944,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,27946,27947,27949,27951,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27948,220],{"class":51},[45,27950,56],{"class":55},[45,27952,14552],{"class":51},[45,27954,102],{"class":59},[45,27956,1485],{"class":105},[45,27958,109],{"class":59},[45,27960,64],{"class":63},[45,27962,364],{"class":67},[45,27964,64],{"class":63},[45,27966,118],{"class":59},[45,27968,27969],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,27970,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,27972,27973,27975,27977,27979,27981],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,27974,125],{"class":124},[45,27976,109],{"class":59},[45,27978,263],{"class":105},[45,27980,3654],{"class":59},[45,27982,27761],{"class":137},[45,27984,27985,27987,27989,27991,27993],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,27986,125],{"class":124},[45,27988,109],{"class":59},[45,27990,9190],{"class":105},[45,27992,3654],{"class":59},[45,27994,27995],{"class":137},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,27997,27998],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[31,28000,28002],{"id":28001},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,28004,28005,28006,28008],{},"Problems with ",[18,28007,12558],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[157,28010,28011,28014,28023,28026],{},[160,28012,28013],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[160,28015,28016,28017,28020,28021],{},"Mixing up list ",[18,28018,28019],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[18,28022,26319],{},[160,28024,28025],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[160,28027,28028,28029,11080,28031],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[18,28030,203],{},[18,28032,28033],{},"\"1\"",[14,28035,28036],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[36,28038,28040],{"className":38,"code":28039,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[18,28041,28042,28066,28070,28100],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28043,28044,28046,28048,28050,28052,28054,28056,28058,28060,28062,28064],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28045,9151],{"class":51},[45,28047,56],{"class":55},[45,28049,10477],{"class":59},[45,28051,64],{"class":63},[45,28053,203],{"class":67},[45,28055,64],{"class":63},[45,28057,1111],{"class":59},[45,28059,76],{"class":63},[45,28061,6572],{"class":67},[45,28063,64],{"class":63},[45,28065,9295],{"class":59},[45,28067,28068],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,28069,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,28071,28072,28074,28076,28078,28080,28082,28084,28086,28088,28090,28093,28095,28097],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,28073,125],{"class":124},[45,28075,109],{"class":59},[45,28077,9190],{"class":105},[45,28079,102],{"class":59},[45,28081,1485],{"class":105},[45,28083,109],{"class":59},[45,28085,203],{"class":202},[45,28087,73],{"class":59},[45,28089,76],{"class":63},[45,28091,28092],{"class":67},"not found",[45,28094,64],{"class":63},[45,28096,5353],{"class":59},[45,28098,28099],{"class":137},"    # not found\n",[45,28101,28102,28104,28106,28108,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118,28120,28122,28124,28126,28128,28130],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,28103,125],{"class":124},[45,28105,109],{"class":59},[45,28107,9190],{"class":105},[45,28109,102],{"class":59},[45,28111,1485],{"class":105},[45,28113,109],{"class":59},[45,28115,64],{"class":63},[45,28117,203],{"class":67},[45,28119,64],{"class":63},[45,28121,73],{"class":59},[45,28123,76],{"class":63},[45,28125,28092],{"class":67},[45,28127,64],{"class":63},[45,28129,5353],{"class":59},[45,28131,28132],{"class":137},"  # one\n",[14,28134,28135,1301,28137,28139],{},[18,28136,203],{},[18,28138,28033],{}," are different keys.",[31,28141,8857],{"id":8856},[14,28143,8860,28144,28146],{},[18,28145,1304],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[36,28148,28150],{"className":38,"code":28149,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,28151,28152,28162,28176,28194,28224],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28153,28154,28156,28158,28160],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28155,125],{"class":124},[45,28157,109],{"class":59},[45,28159,11438],{"class":105},[45,28161,118],{"class":59},[45,28163,28164,28166,28168,28170,28172,28174],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,28165,125],{"class":124},[45,28167,109],{"class":59},[45,28169,11438],{"class":105},[45,28171,102],{"class":59},[45,28173,16909],{"class":105},[45,28175,7181],{"class":59},[45,28177,28178,28180,28182,28184,28186,28188,28190,28192],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,28179,125],{"class":124},[45,28181,109],{"class":59},[45,28183,429],{"class":63},[45,28185,7656],{"class":67},[45,28187,429],{"class":63},[45,28189,1134],{"class":969},[45,28191,11755],{"class":105},[45,28193,118],{"class":59},[45,28195,28196,28198,28200,28202,28204,28206,28208,28210,28212,28214,28216,28218,28220,28222],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,28197,125],{"class":124},[45,28199,109],{"class":59},[45,28201,11438],{"class":105},[45,28203,102],{"class":59},[45,28205,1485],{"class":105},[45,28207,109],{"class":59},[45,28209,429],{"class":63},[45,28211,7656],{"class":67},[45,28213,429],{"class":63},[45,28215,73],{"class":59},[45,28217,438],{"class":63},[45,28219,26755],{"class":67},[45,28221,429],{"class":63},[45,28223,1802],{"class":59},[45,28225,28226,28228,28230,28232,28234,28236],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,28227,125],{"class":124},[45,28229,109],{"class":59},[45,28231,1811],{"class":315},[45,28233,109],{"class":59},[45,28235,11438],{"class":105},[45,28237,1802],{"class":59},[14,28239,21321],{},[157,28241,28242,28247,28252,28257,28263],{},[160,28243,28244,28246],{},[18,28245,12667],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[160,28248,28249,28251],{},[18,28250,21333],{}," shows all available keys",[160,28253,28254,28256],{},[18,28255,21339],{}," checks whether a key exists",[160,28258,28259,28262],{},[18,28260,28261],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[160,28264,28265,28267],{},[18,28266,12673],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28269,28270,28271,102],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[364,28272,9378],{"href":9377},[31,28274,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,28276,28278,28279,28281],{"id":28277},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[18,28280,1304],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28283,28284],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1864,28286,28288],{"id":28287},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28290,28291,26520,28293,28295,28296,28298],{},[18,28292,26319],{},[18,28294,19673],{},". ",[18,28297,26323],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1864,28300,175,28302,14882],{"id":28301},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,28303,1304],{},[14,28305,28306],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1864,28308,28310,28311,28313],{"id":28309},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[18,28312,1304],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28315,28316,28317,28319,28320,102],{},"Not with ",[18,28318,12558],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[364,28321,28322],{"href":12569},[18,28323,12756],{},[1864,28325,5170,28327,1301,28329,2485],{"id":28326},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[18,28328,10727],{},[18,28330,1304],{},[14,28332,28333,28335,28336,28338],{},[18,28334,10727],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[18,28337,1304],{}," reads and removes it.",[31,28340,1909],{"id":1908},[157,28342,28343,28349,28356,28360,28364,28368],{},[160,28344,28345],{},[364,28346,28347],{"href":10723},[18,28348,19654],{},[160,28350,28351],{},[364,28352,28353],{"href":12569},[18,28354,28355],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[160,28357,28358],{},[364,28359,12773],{"href":12562},[160,28361,28362],{},[364,28363,21442],{"href":16582},[160,28365,28366],{},[364,28367,11251],{"href":11062},[160,28369,28370],{},[364,28371,28373],{"href":28372},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1936,28375,28376],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":28378},[28379,28380,28382,28383,28384,28386,28393,28400,28410,28411,28412,28423],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":26330,"depth":96,"text":28381},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405},{"id":26815,"depth":96,"text":28385},"When to use pop()",{"id":27002,"depth":96,"text":28387,"children":28388},"pop() vs del",[28389,28391],{"id":27016,"depth":121,"text":28390},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27119,"depth":121,"text":28392},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27222,"depth":96,"text":28394,"children":28395},"How to avoid KeyError",[28396,28397,28398],{"id":27231,"depth":121,"text":27232},{"id":27327,"depth":121,"text":27328},{"id":27435,"depth":121,"text":28399},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":28401},[28402,28404,28406,28408],{"id":27545,"depth":121,"text":28403},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27678,"depth":121,"text":28405},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27783,"depth":121,"text":28407},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27900,"depth":121,"text":28409},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28001,"depth":96,"text":28002},{"id":8856,"depth":96,"text":8857},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":28413},[28414,28416,28417,28419,28421],{"id":28277,"depth":121,"text":28415},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28287,"depth":121,"text":28288},{"id":28301,"depth":121,"text":28418},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28309,"depth":121,"text":28420},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28326,"depth":121,"text":28422},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26152,"description":28424},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28431,"title":28355,"body":28432,"description":30370,"extension":1958,"meta":30371,"navigation":241,"path":30372,"seo":30373,"stem":30374,"__hash__":30375},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28433,"toc":30334},[28434,28439,28444,28447,28455,28465,28467,28555,28559,28608,28613,28618,28622,28638,28641,28643,28658,28660,28676,28683,28687,28693,28702,28704,28773,28777,28798,28801,28820,28823,28846,28848,28851,28966,28970,29029,29036,29040,29046,29171,29175,29225,29228,29232,29239,29241,29304,29308,29329,29332,29341,29356,29364,29371,29375,29387,29391,29402,29404,29550,29554,29613,29620,29625,29629,29635,29658,29663,29682,29686,29757,29764,29837,29846,29851,29856,29867,29870,30006,30011,30043,30048,30050,30054,30114,30117,30174,30177,30220,30222,30227,30233,30239,30242,30249,30257,30262,30265,30272,30280,30282,30331],[10,28435,11307,28437,11311],{"id":28436},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[18,28438,12756],{},[14,28440,16,28441,28443],{},[18,28442,12756],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28445,28446],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[157,28448,28449,28452],{},[160,28450,28451],{},"remove an item",[160,28453,28454],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28456,28457,28458,28460,28461,28464],{},"In modern Python, ",[18,28459,12756],{}," removes the ",[26,28462,28463],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[31,28466,34],{"id":33},[36,28468,28470],{"className":38,"code":28469,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[18,28471,28472,28516,28531,28535,28545],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28473,28474,28476,28478,28480,28482,28484,28486,28488,28490,28492,28494,28496,28498,28500,28502,28504,28506,28508,28510,28512,28514],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28475,9151],{"class":51},[45,28477,56],{"class":55},[45,28479,10477],{"class":59},[45,28481,64],{"class":63},[45,28483,364],{"class":67},[45,28485,64],{"class":63},[45,28487,1111],{"class":59},[45,28489,5488],{"class":202},[45,28491,73],{"class":59},[45,28493,76],{"class":63},[45,28495,373],{"class":67},[45,28497,64],{"class":63},[45,28499,1111],{"class":59},[45,28501,208],{"class":202},[45,28503,73],{"class":59},[45,28505,76],{"class":63},[45,28507,382],{"class":67},[45,28509,64],{"class":63},[45,28511,1111],{"class":59},[45,28513,213],{"class":202},[45,28515,9295],{"class":59},[45,28517,28518,28520,28522,28524,28526,28529],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,28519,966],{"class":51},[45,28521,56],{"class":55},[45,28523,14552],{"class":51},[45,28525,102],{"class":59},[45,28527,28528],{"class":105},"popitem",[45,28530,8627],{"class":59},[45,28532,28533],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,28534,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,28536,28537,28539,28541,28543],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,28538,125],{"class":124},[45,28540,109],{"class":59},[45,28542,23293],{"class":105},[45,28544,118],{"class":59},[45,28546,28547,28549,28551,28553],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,28548,125],{"class":124},[45,28550,109],{"class":59},[45,28552,9190],{"class":105},[45,28554,118],{"class":59},[14,28556,28557],{},[26,28558,268],{},[36,28560,28562],{"className":38,"code":28561,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,28563,28564,28580],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28565,28566,28568,28570,28572,28574,28576,28578],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28567,109],{"class":59},[45,28569,429],{"class":63},[45,28571,382],{"class":67},[45,28573,429],{"class":63},[45,28575,73],{"class":59},[45,28577,213],{"class":202},[45,28579,118],{"class":59},[45,28581,28582,28584,28586,28588,28590,28592,28594,28596,28598,28600,28602,28604,28606],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,28583,9264],{"class":59},[45,28585,429],{"class":63},[45,28587,364],{"class":67},[45,28589,429],{"class":63},[45,28591,1111],{"class":59},[45,28593,5488],{"class":202},[45,28595,73],{"class":59},[45,28597,438],{"class":63},[45,28599,373],{"class":67},[45,28601,429],{"class":63},[45,28603,1111],{"class":59},[45,28605,208],{"class":202},[45,28607,9295],{"class":59},[14,28609,28610,28612],{},[18,28611,12756],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[31,28614,3671,28616,3674],{"id":28615},"what-popitem-does",[18,28617,12756],{},[14,28619,28620,1111],{},[18,28621,12756],{},[157,28623,28624,28627,28632,28635],{},[160,28625,28626],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[160,28628,28629,28630],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[18,28631,21639],{},[160,28633,28634],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[160,28636,28637],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28639,28640],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[31,28642,2153],{"id":2152},[36,28644,28646],{"className":38,"code":28645,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[18,28647,28648],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28649,28650,28652,28654,28656],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28651,15591],{"class":51},[45,28653,102],{"class":59},[45,28655,28528],{"class":105},[45,28657,8627],{"class":59},[14,28659,11447],{},[157,28661,28662,28670,28673],{},[160,28663,28664,28666,28667],{},[18,28665,12756],{}," takes ",[26,28668,28669],{},"no arguments",[160,28671,28672],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[160,28674,28675],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28677,28678,28679,6618],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[364,28680,28681],{"href":12555},[18,28682,1304],{},[31,28684,28686],{"id":28685},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28688,28689,28690,28692],{},"The value returned by ",[18,28691,12756],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28694,28695,28696,28699],"ol",{},[160,28697,28698],{},"the key",[160,28700,28701],{},"the value",[14,28703,345],{},[36,28705,28707],{"className":38,"code":28706,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,28708,28709,28745,28759,28763],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28710,28711,28713,28715,28717,28719,28721,28723,28725,28727,28729,28731,28733,28735,28737,28739,28741,28743],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28712,13189],{"class":51},[45,28714,56],{"class":55},[45,28716,10477],{"class":59},[45,28718,64],{"class":63},[45,28720,7656],{"class":67},[45,28722,64],{"class":63},[45,28724,1111],{"class":59},[45,28726,76],{"class":63},[45,28728,4995],{"class":67},[45,28730,64],{"class":63},[45,28732,73],{"class":59},[45,28734,76],{"class":63},[45,28736,9285],{"class":67},[45,28738,64],{"class":63},[45,28740,1111],{"class":59},[45,28742,9292],{"class":202},[45,28744,9295],{"class":59},[45,28746,28747,28749,28751,28753,28755,28757],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,28748,220],{"class":51},[45,28750,56],{"class":55},[45,28752,13232],{"class":51},[45,28754,102],{"class":59},[45,28756,28528],{"class":105},[45,28758,8627],{"class":59},[45,28760,28761],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,28762,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,28764,28765,28767,28769,28771],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,28766,125],{"class":124},[45,28768,109],{"class":59},[45,28770,263],{"class":105},[45,28772,118],{"class":59},[14,28774,28775],{},[26,28776,268],{},[36,28778,28780],{"className":38,"code":28779,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('age', 25)\n",[18,28781,28782],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28783,28784,28786,28788,28790,28792,28794,28796],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28785,109],{"class":59},[45,28787,429],{"class":63},[45,28789,9285],{"class":67},[45,28791,429],{"class":63},[45,28793,73],{"class":59},[45,28795,9292],{"class":202},[45,28797,118],{"class":59},[14,28799,28800],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[36,28802,28804],{"className":38,"code":28803,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = person.popitem()\n",[18,28805,28806],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28807,28808,28810,28812,28814,28816,28818],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28809,220],{"class":51},[45,28811,56],{"class":55},[45,28813,13232],{"class":51},[45,28815,102],{"class":59},[45,28817,28528],{"class":105},[45,28819,8627],{"class":59},[14,28821,28822],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[36,28824,28826],{"className":38,"code":28825,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[18,28827,28828],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28829,28830,28832,28834,28836,28838,28840,28842,28844],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28831,14827],{"class":51},[45,28833,73],{"class":59},[45,28835,1205],{"class":51},[45,28837,56],{"class":55},[45,28839,13232],{"class":51},[45,28841,102],{"class":59},[45,28843,28528],{"class":105},[45,28845,8627],{"class":59},[31,28847,11464],{"id":11463},[14,28849,28850],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[36,28852,28854],{"className":38,"code":28853,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[18,28855,28856,28904,28908,28923,28927,28947],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28857,28858,28860,28862,28864,28866,28869,28871,28873,28875,28877,28879,28881,28883,28885,28888,28890,28892,28895,28897,28899,28902],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28859,578],{"class":51},[45,28861,56],{"class":55},[45,28863,10477],{"class":59},[45,28865,64],{"class":63},[45,28867,28868],{"class":67},"Tom",[45,28870,64],{"class":63},[45,28872,1111],{"class":59},[45,28874,5066],{"class":202},[45,28876,73],{"class":59},[45,28878,76],{"class":63},[45,28880,12867],{"class":67},[45,28882,64],{"class":63},[45,28884,1111],{"class":59},[45,28886,28887],{"class":202}," 95",[45,28889,73],{"class":59},[45,28891,76],{"class":63},[45,28893,28894],{"class":67},"Leo",[45,28896,64],{"class":63},[45,28898,1111],{"class":59},[45,28900,28901],{"class":202}," 88",[45,28903,9295],{"class":59},[45,28905,28906],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,28907,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,28909,28910,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,28911,28912],{"class":51},"removed_pair ",[45,28914,56],{"class":55},[45,28916,5101],{"class":51},[45,28918,102],{"class":59},[45,28920,28528],{"class":105},[45,28922,8627],{"class":59},[45,28924,28925],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,28926,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,28928,28929,28931,28933,28935,28938,28940,28942,28945],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,28930,125],{"class":124},[45,28932,109],{"class":59},[45,28934,64],{"class":63},[45,28936,28937],{"class":67},"Removed:",[45,28939,64],{"class":63},[45,28941,73],{"class":59},[45,28943,28944],{"class":105}," removed_pair",[45,28946,118],{"class":59},[45,28948,28949,28951,28953,28955,28958,28960,28962,28964],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,28950,125],{"class":124},[45,28952,109],{"class":59},[45,28954,64],{"class":63},[45,28956,28957],{"class":67},"After removal:",[45,28959,64],{"class":63},[45,28961,73],{"class":59},[45,28963,5101],{"class":105},[45,28965,118],{"class":59},[14,28967,28968],{},[26,28969,268],{},[36,28971,28973],{"className":38,"code":28972,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[18,28974,28975,28996],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28976,28977,28980,28982,28984,28986,28988,28990,28992,28994],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28978,28979],{"class":51},"Removed",[45,28981,1111],{"class":59},[45,28983,9222],{"class":59},[45,28985,429],{"class":63},[45,28987,28894],{"class":67},[45,28989,429],{"class":63},[45,28991,73],{"class":59},[45,28993,28901],{"class":202},[45,28995,118],{"class":59},[45,28997,28998,29001,29003,29005,29007,29009,29011,29013,29015,29017,29019,29021,29023,29025,29027],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,28999,29000],{"class":51},"After removal",[45,29002,1111],{"class":59},[45,29004,10477],{"class":59},[45,29006,429],{"class":63},[45,29008,28868],{"class":67},[45,29010,429],{"class":63},[45,29012,1111],{"class":59},[45,29014,5066],{"class":202},[45,29016,73],{"class":59},[45,29018,438],{"class":63},[45,29020,12867],{"class":67},[45,29022,429],{"class":63},[45,29024,1111],{"class":59},[45,29026,28887],{"class":202},[45,29028,9295],{"class":59},[14,29030,29031,29032,29035],{},"The last inserted item was ",[18,29033,29034],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[31,29037,29039],{"id":29038},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,29041,29042,29043,29045],{},"Because ",[18,29044,12756],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[36,29047,29049],{"className":38,"code":29048,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[18,29050,29051,29087,29091,29110,29114,29133,29152],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29052,29053,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063,29065,29067,29069,29071,29073,29075,29077,29079,29081,29083,29085],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29054,15434],{"class":51},[45,29056,56],{"class":55},[45,29058,10477],{"class":59},[45,29060,64],{"class":63},[45,29062,15445],{"class":67},[45,29064,64],{"class":63},[45,29066,1111],{"class":59},[45,29068,76],{"class":63},[45,29070,15454],{"class":67},[45,29072,64],{"class":63},[45,29074,73],{"class":59},[45,29076,76],{"class":63},[45,29078,15465],{"class":67},[45,29080,64],{"class":63},[45,29082,1111],{"class":59},[45,29084,26889],{"class":202},[45,29086,9295],{"class":59},[45,29088,29089],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,29090,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,29092,29093,29095,29097,29099,29101,29104,29106,29108],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29094,14827],{"class":51},[45,29096,73],{"class":59},[45,29098,1205],{"class":51},[45,29100,56],{"class":55},[45,29102,29103],{"class":51}," book",[45,29105,102],{"class":59},[45,29107,28528],{"class":105},[45,29109,8627],{"class":59},[45,29111,29112],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,29113,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,29115,29116,29118,29120,29122,29125,29127,29129,29131],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,29117,125],{"class":124},[45,29119,109],{"class":59},[45,29121,64],{"class":63},[45,29123,29124],{"class":67},"Key:",[45,29126,64],{"class":63},[45,29128,73],{"class":59},[45,29130,21564],{"class":105},[45,29132,118],{"class":59},[45,29134,29135,29137,29139,29141,29144,29146,29148,29150],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,29136,125],{"class":124},[45,29138,109],{"class":59},[45,29140,64],{"class":63},[45,29142,29143],{"class":67},"Value:",[45,29145,64],{"class":63},[45,29147,73],{"class":59},[45,29149,8417],{"class":105},[45,29151,118],{"class":59},[45,29153,29154,29156,29158,29160,29163,29165,29167,29169],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,29155,125],{"class":124},[45,29157,109],{"class":59},[45,29159,64],{"class":63},[45,29161,29162],{"class":67},"Dictionary:",[45,29164,64],{"class":63},[45,29166,73],{"class":59},[45,29168,29103],{"class":105},[45,29170,118],{"class":59},[14,29172,29173],{},[26,29174,268],{},[36,29176,29178],{"className":38,"code":29177,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[18,29179,29180,29190,29200],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29181,29182,29185,29187],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29183,29184],{"class":51},"Key",[45,29186,1111],{"class":59},[45,29188,29189],{"class":51}," pages\n",[45,29191,29192,29195,29197],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,29193,29194],{"class":51},"Value",[45,29196,1111],{"class":59},[45,29198,29199],{"class":202}," 200\n",[45,29201,29202,29205,29207,29209,29211,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29203,29204],{"class":51},"Dictionary",[45,29206,1111],{"class":59},[45,29208,10477],{"class":59},[45,29210,429],{"class":63},[45,29212,15445],{"class":67},[45,29214,429],{"class":63},[45,29216,1111],{"class":59},[45,29218,438],{"class":63},[45,29220,15454],{"class":67},[45,29222,429],{"class":63},[45,29224,9295],{"class":59},[14,29226,29227],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[31,29229,29231],{"id":29230},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29233,29234,29235,28460,29237,102],{},"In current Python versions, ",[18,29236,12756],{},[26,29238,28463],{},[14,29240,345],{},[36,29242,29244],{"className":38,"code":29243,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[18,29245,29246,29290],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29247,29248,29250,29252,29254,29256,29258,29260,29262,29264,29266,29268,29270,29272,29274,29276,29278,29280,29282,29284,29286,29288],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29249,9151],{"class":51},[45,29251,56],{"class":55},[45,29253,10477],{"class":59},[45,29255,64],{"class":63},[45,29257,1123],{"class":67},[45,29259,64],{"class":63},[45,29261,1111],{"class":59},[45,29263,5488],{"class":202},[45,29265,73],{"class":59},[45,29267,76],{"class":63},[45,29269,11734],{"class":67},[45,29271,64],{"class":63},[45,29273,1111],{"class":59},[45,29275,208],{"class":202},[45,29277,73],{"class":59},[45,29279,76],{"class":63},[45,29281,22061],{"class":67},[45,29283,64],{"class":63},[45,29285,1111],{"class":59},[45,29287,213],{"class":202},[45,29289,9295],{"class":59},[45,29291,29292,29294,29296,29298,29300,29302],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,29293,125],{"class":124},[45,29295,109],{"class":59},[45,29297,9190],{"class":105},[45,29299,102],{"class":59},[45,29301,28528],{"class":105},[45,29303,7181],{"class":59},[14,29305,29306],{},[26,29307,268],{},[36,29309,29311],{"className":38,"code":29310,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('z', 3)\n",[18,29312,29313],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29314,29315,29317,29319,29321,29323,29325,29327],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29316,109],{"class":59},[45,29318,429],{"class":63},[45,29320,22061],{"class":67},[45,29322,429],{"class":63},[45,29324,73],{"class":59},[45,29326,213],{"class":202},[45,29328,118],{"class":59},[14,29330,29331],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29333,29334,29335,29337,29338,29340],{},"As a beginner, do ",[26,29336,178],{}," think of ",[18,29339,12756],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29342,29343,29344,2185,29348,17058,29352,102],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[364,29345,29346],{"href":17061},[18,29347,17064],{},[364,29349,29350],{"href":17048},[18,29351,17051],{},[364,29353,29354],{"href":17054},[18,29355,17057],{},[31,29357,29359,29360,1301,29362],{"id":29358},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[18,29361,12756],{},[18,29363,1304],{},[14,29365,29366,1301,29368,29370],{},[18,29367,12756],{},[18,29369,1304],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1864,29372,29373],{"id":28528},[18,29374,12756],{},[157,29376,29377,29380,29383],{},[160,29378,29379],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[160,29381,29382],{},"does not need a key argument",[160,29384,3686,29385],{},[18,29386,21639],{},[1864,29388,29389],{"id":1485},[18,29390,1304],{},[157,29392,29393,29396,29399],{},[160,29394,29395],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[160,29397,29398],{},"needs the key name",[160,29400,29401],{},"returns only the value",[14,29403,345],{},[36,29405,29407],{"className":38,"code":29406,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,29408,29409,29453,29457,29471,29491,29495,29517,29536,29540],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29410,29411,29413,29415,29417,29419,29421,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439,29441,29443,29445,29447,29449,29451],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29412,9151],{"class":51},[45,29414,56],{"class":55},[45,29416,10477],{"class":59},[45,29418,64],{"class":63},[45,29420,364],{"class":67},[45,29422,64],{"class":63},[45,29424,1111],{"class":59},[45,29426,5488],{"class":202},[45,29428,73],{"class":59},[45,29430,76],{"class":63},[45,29432,373],{"class":67},[45,29434,64],{"class":63},[45,29436,1111],{"class":59},[45,29438,208],{"class":202},[45,29440,73],{"class":59},[45,29442,76],{"class":63},[45,29444,382],{"class":67},[45,29446,64],{"class":63},[45,29448,1111],{"class":59},[45,29450,213],{"class":202},[45,29452,9295],{"class":59},[45,29454,29455],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,29456,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,29458,29459,29461,29463,29465,29467,29469],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29460,966],{"class":51},[45,29462,56],{"class":55},[45,29464,14552],{"class":51},[45,29466,102],{"class":59},[45,29468,28528],{"class":105},[45,29470,8627],{"class":59},[45,29472,29473,29475,29477,29479,29482,29484,29486,29489],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,29474,125],{"class":124},[45,29476,109],{"class":59},[45,29478,64],{"class":63},[45,29480,29481],{"class":67},"popitem():",[45,29483,64],{"class":63},[45,29485,73],{"class":59},[45,29487,29488],{"class":105}," item",[45,29490,118],{"class":59},[45,29492,29493],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,29494,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,29496,29497,29499,29501,29503,29505,29507,29509,29511,29513,29515],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,29498,1185],{"class":51},[45,29500,56],{"class":55},[45,29502,14552],{"class":51},[45,29504,102],{"class":59},[45,29506,1485],{"class":105},[45,29508,109],{"class":59},[45,29510,64],{"class":63},[45,29512,364],{"class":67},[45,29514,64],{"class":63},[45,29516,118],{"class":59},[45,29518,29519,29521,29523,29525,29528,29530,29532,29534],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,29520,125],{"class":124},[45,29522,109],{"class":59},[45,29524,64],{"class":63},[45,29526,29527],{"class":67},"pop('a'):",[45,29529,64],{"class":63},[45,29531,73],{"class":59},[45,29533,8417],{"class":105},[45,29535,118],{"class":59},[45,29537,29538],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,29539,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,29541,29542,29544,29546,29548],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,29543,125],{"class":124},[45,29545,109],{"class":59},[45,29547,9190],{"class":105},[45,29549,118],{"class":59},[14,29551,29552],{},[26,29553,268],{},[36,29555,29557],{"className":38,"code":29556,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[18,29558,29559,29580,29597],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29560,29561,29563,29566,29568,29570,29572,29574,29576,29578],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29562,28528],{"class":105},[45,29564,29565],{"class":59},"():",[45,29567,9222],{"class":59},[45,29569,429],{"class":63},[45,29571,382],{"class":67},[45,29573,429],{"class":63},[45,29575,73],{"class":59},[45,29577,213],{"class":202},[45,29579,118],{"class":59},[45,29581,29582,29584,29586,29588,29590,29592,29594],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,29583,1485],{"class":105},[45,29585,109],{"class":59},[45,29587,429],{"class":63},[45,29589,364],{"class":67},[45,29591,429],{"class":63},[45,29593,1126],{"class":59},[45,29595,29596],{"class":202}," 1\n",[45,29598,29599,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29600,9264],{"class":59},[45,29602,429],{"class":63},[45,29604,373],{"class":67},[45,29606,429],{"class":63},[45,29608,1111],{"class":59},[45,29610,208],{"class":202},[45,29612,9295],{"class":59},[14,29614,141,29615,29619],{},[364,29616,29617],{"href":12555},[18,29618,1304],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29621,141,29622,29624],{},[18,29623,12756],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[31,29626,29628],{"id":29627},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29630,29631,29632,29634],{},"Calling ",[18,29633,12756],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[36,29636,29638],{"className":38,"code":29637,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[18,29639,29640,29648],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29641,29642,29644,29646],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29643,9151],{"class":51},[45,29645,56],{"class":55},[45,29647,9824],{"class":59},[45,29649,29650,29652,29654,29656],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,29651,9190],{"class":51},[45,29653,102],{"class":59},[45,29655,28528],{"class":105},[45,29657,8627],{"class":59},[14,29659,29660],{},[26,29661,29662],{},"Error:",[36,29664,29666],{"className":38,"code":29665,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[18,29667,29668],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29669,29670,29672,29674,29676,29679],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29671,19673],{"class":315},[45,29673,1111],{"class":59},[45,29675,438],{"class":63},[45,29677,29678],{"class":67},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[45,29680,29681],{"class":63},"'\n",[1864,29683,29685],{"id":29684},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[36,29687,29689],{"className":38,"code":29688,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,29690,29691,29699,29703,29711,29726,29736,29742],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29692,29693,29695,29697],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29694,9151],{"class":51},[45,29696,56],{"class":55},[45,29698,9824],{"class":59},[45,29700,29701],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,29702,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,29704,29705,29707,29709],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29706,982],{"class":969},[45,29708,14552],{"class":51},[45,29710,1213],{"class":59},[45,29712,29713,29716,29718,29720,29722,29724],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,29714,29715],{"class":51},"    item ",[45,29717,56],{"class":55},[45,29719,14552],{"class":51},[45,29721,102],{"class":59},[45,29723,28528],{"class":105},[45,29725,8627],{"class":59},[45,29727,29728,29730,29732,29734],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,29729,8055],{"class":124},[45,29731,109],{"class":59},[45,29733,23293],{"class":105},[45,29735,118],{"class":59},[45,29737,29738,29740],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,29739,27415],{"class":969},[45,29741,1213],{"class":59},[45,29743,29744,29746,29748,29750,29753,29755],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,29745,8055],{"class":124},[45,29747,109],{"class":59},[45,29749,64],{"class":63},[45,29751,29752],{"class":67},"Dictionary is empty",[45,29754,64],{"class":63},[45,29756,118],{"class":59},[1864,29758,29760,29761],{"id":29759},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[18,29762,29763],{},"try-except",[36,29765,29767],{"className":38,"code":29766,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[18,29768,29769,29777,29781,29788,29802,29812,29822],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29770,29771,29773,29775],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29772,9151],{"class":51},[45,29774,56],{"class":55},[45,29776,9824],{"class":59},[45,29778,29779],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,29780,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,29782,29783,29786],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29784,29785],{"class":969},"try",[45,29787,1213],{"class":59},[45,29789,29790,29792,29794,29796,29798,29800],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,29791,29715],{"class":51},[45,29793,56],{"class":55},[45,29795,14552],{"class":51},[45,29797,102],{"class":59},[45,29799,28528],{"class":105},[45,29801,8627],{"class":59},[45,29803,29804,29806,29808,29810],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,29805,8055],{"class":124},[45,29807,109],{"class":59},[45,29809,23293],{"class":105},[45,29811,118],{"class":59},[45,29813,29814,29817,29820],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,29815,29816],{"class":969},"except",[45,29818,29819],{"class":315}," KeyError",[45,29821,1213],{"class":59},[45,29823,29824,29826,29828,29830,29833,29835],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,29825,8055],{"class":124},[45,29827,109],{"class":59},[45,29829,64],{"class":63},[45,29831,29832],{"class":67},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[45,29834,64],{"class":63},[45,29836,118],{"class":59},[14,29838,29839,29840,102],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[364,29841,25662,29843],{"href":29842},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[18,29844,29845],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[31,29847,4952,29849],{"id":29848},"when-to-use-popitem",[18,29850,12756],{},[14,29852,29853,29855],{},[18,29854,12756],{}," is useful when:",[157,29857,29858,29861,29864],{},[160,29859,29860],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[160,29862,29863],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[160,29865,29866],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,29868,29869],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[36,29871,29873],{"className":38,"code":29872,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,29874,29875,29884,29903,29923,29941,29945,29949,29959,29978],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29876,29877,29880,29882],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29878,29879],{"class":51},"tasks ",[45,29881,56],{"class":55},[45,29883,11482],{"class":59},[45,29885,29886,29888,29890,29892,29894,29896,29899,29901],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,29887,11487],{"class":63},[45,29889,165],{"class":67},[45,29891,64],{"class":63},[45,29893,1111],{"class":59},[45,29895,76],{"class":63},[45,29897,29898],{"class":67},"wash dishes",[45,29900,64],{"class":63},[45,29902,11503],{"class":59},[45,29904,29905,29907,29910,29912,29914,29916,29919,29921],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29906,11487],{"class":63},[45,29908,29909],{"class":67},"second",[45,29911,64],{"class":63},[45,29913,1111],{"class":59},[45,29915,76],{"class":63},[45,29917,29918],{"class":67},"do homework",[45,29920,64],{"class":63},[45,29922,11503],{"class":59},[45,29924,29925,29927,29930,29932,29934,29936,29939],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,29926,11487],{"class":63},[45,29928,29929],{"class":67},"third",[45,29931,64],{"class":63},[45,29933,1111],{"class":59},[45,29935,76],{"class":63},[45,29937,29938],{"class":67},"read book",[45,29940,1194],{"class":63},[45,29942,29943],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,29944,9295],{"class":59},[45,29946,29947],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,29948,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,29950,29951,29954,29957],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,29952,29953],{"class":969},"while",[45,29955,29956],{"class":51}," tasks",[45,29958,1213],{"class":59},[45,29960,29961,29964,29966,29968,29970,29972,29974,29976],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,29962,29963],{"class":51},"    key",[45,29965,73],{"class":59},[45,29967,1205],{"class":51},[45,29969,56],{"class":55},[45,29971,29956],{"class":51},[45,29973,102],{"class":59},[45,29975,28528],{"class":105},[45,29977,8627],{"class":59},[45,29979,29980,29982,29984,29986,29988,29990,29992,29994,29996,29998,30000,30002,30004],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,29981,8055],{"class":124},[45,29983,109],{"class":59},[45,29985,22278],{"class":2059},[45,29987,64],{"class":67},[45,29989,9264],{"class":202},[45,29991,14827],{"class":105},[45,29993,22287],{"class":202},[45,29995,22290],{"class":67},[45,29997,9264],{"class":202},[45,29999,28],{"class":105},[45,30001,22287],{"class":202},[45,30003,64],{"class":67},[45,30005,118],{"class":59},[14,30007,30008],{},[26,30009,30010],{},"Possible output:",[36,30012,30014],{"className":38,"code":30013,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[18,30015,30016,30025,30034],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30017,30018,30020,30022],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30019,29929],{"class":51},[45,30021,1111],{"class":59},[45,30023,30024],{"class":51}," read book\n",[45,30026,30027,30029,30031],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,30028,29909],{"class":51},[45,30030,1111],{"class":59},[45,30032,30033],{"class":51}," do homework\n",[45,30035,30036,30038,30040],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,30037,165],{"class":51},[45,30039,1111],{"class":59},[45,30041,30042],{"class":51}," wash dishes\n",[14,30044,29042,30045,30047],{},[18,30046,12756],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[31,30049,1709],{"id":1708},[14,30051,14719,30052,1111],{},[18,30053,12756],{},[157,30055,30056,30070,30089,30100],{},[160,30057,30058,30063],{},[26,30059,29631,30060,30062],{},[18,30061,12756],{}," on an empty dictionary",[157,30064,30065],{},[160,30066,30067,30068,102],{},"This raises ",[18,30069,19673],{},[160,30071,30072,30077],{},[26,30073,1722,30074,30076],{},[18,30075,12756],{}," to remove a specific key",[157,30078,30079,30082],{},[160,30080,30081],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[160,30083,141,30084,30088],{},[364,30085,30086],{"href":12555},[18,30087,1304],{}," if you need that.",[160,30090,30091,30095],{},[26,30092,4695,30093,27681],{},[18,30094,12756],{},[157,30096,30097],{},[160,30098,30099],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[160,30101,30102,30105],{},[26,30103,30104],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[157,30106,30107],{},[160,30108,30109,21959,30111,30113],{},[18,30110,12756],{},[18,30112,21639],{}," tuple.",[14,30115,30116],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[36,30118,30120],{"className":38,"code":30119,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[18,30121,30122,30132,30146,30150,30164],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30123,30124,30126,30128,30130],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30125,125],{"class":124},[45,30127,109],{"class":59},[45,30129,11438],{"class":105},[45,30131,118],{"class":59},[45,30133,30134,30136,30138,30140,30142,30144],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,30135,125],{"class":124},[45,30137,109],{"class":59},[45,30139,11150],{"class":124},[45,30141,109],{"class":59},[45,30143,11438],{"class":105},[45,30145,1802],{"class":59},[45,30147,30148],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,30149,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,30151,30152,30154,30156,30158,30160,30162],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,30153,966],{"class":51},[45,30155,56],{"class":55},[45,30157,11755],{"class":51},[45,30159,102],{"class":59},[45,30161,28528],{"class":105},[45,30163,8627],{"class":59},[45,30165,30166,30168,30170,30172],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,30167,125],{"class":124},[45,30169,109],{"class":59},[45,30171,23293],{"class":105},[45,30173,118],{"class":59},[14,30175,30176],{},"Or with unpacking:",[36,30178,30180],{"className":38,"code":30179,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[18,30181,30182,30200,30210],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30183,30184,30186,30188,30190,30192,30194,30196,30198],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30185,14827],{"class":51},[45,30187,73],{"class":59},[45,30189,1205],{"class":51},[45,30191,56],{"class":55},[45,30193,11755],{"class":51},[45,30195,102],{"class":59},[45,30197,28528],{"class":105},[45,30199,8627],{"class":59},[45,30201,30202,30204,30206,30208],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,30203,125],{"class":124},[45,30205,109],{"class":59},[45,30207,14827],{"class":105},[45,30209,118],{"class":59},[45,30211,30212,30214,30216,30218],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,30213,125],{"class":124},[45,30215,109],{"class":59},[45,30217,28],{"class":105},[45,30219,118],{"class":59},[31,30221,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,30223,5133,30225,5136],{"id":30224},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[18,30226,12756],{},[14,30228,30229,30230,102],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[18,30231,30232],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1864,30234,175,30236,30238],{"id":30235},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[18,30237,12756],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30240,30241],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1864,30243,30245,30246,30248],{"id":30244},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[18,30247,12756],{}," removes?",[14,30250,30251,30252,30256],{},"No. Use ",[364,30253,30254],{"href":12555},[18,30255,1304],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1864,30258,175,30260,14882],{"id":30259},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,30261,12756],{},[14,30263,30264],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1864,30266,30268,30269,30271],{"id":30267},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[18,30270,12756],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30273,30274,30275,30277,30278,102],{},"It raises ",[18,30276,19673],{}," with the message ",[18,30279,29678],{},[31,30281,1909],{"id":1908},[157,30283,30284,30291,30297,30303,30309,30316,30320,30324],{},[160,30285,30286],{},[364,30287,30288,30290],{"href":12555},[18,30289,1304],{}," method for dictionaries",[160,30292,30293],{},[364,30294,30295,30290],{"href":17061},[18,30296,17064],{},[160,30298,30299],{},[364,30300,30301,30290],{"href":17048},[18,30302,17051],{},[160,30304,30305],{},[364,30306,30307,30290],{"href":17054},[18,30308,17057],{},[160,30310,30311],{},[364,30312,30314,30290],{"href":30313},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[18,30315,11310],{},[160,30317,30318],{},[364,30319,12773],{"href":12562},[160,30321,30322],{},[364,30323,21442],{"href":16582},[160,30325,30326],{},[364,30327,30328,30329],{"href":29842},"Fix ",[18,30330,29845],{},[1936,30332,30333],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":30335},[30336,30337,30339,30340,30341,30342,30343,30344,30349,30354,30356,30357,30369],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":28615,"depth":96,"text":30338},"What popitem() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":28685,"depth":96,"text":28686},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":29038,"depth":96,"text":29039},{"id":29230,"depth":96,"text":29231},{"id":29358,"depth":96,"text":30345,"children":30346},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30347,30348],{"id":28528,"depth":121,"text":12756},{"id":1485,"depth":121,"text":1304},{"id":29627,"depth":96,"text":29628,"children":30350},[30351,30352],{"id":29684,"depth":121,"text":29685},{"id":29759,"depth":121,"text":30353},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29848,"depth":96,"text":30355},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":30358},[30359,30361,30363,30365,30367],{"id":30224,"depth":121,"text":30360},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30235,"depth":121,"text":30362},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30244,"depth":121,"text":30364},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30259,"depth":121,"text":30366},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30267,"depth":121,"text":30368},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28355,"description":30370},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30377,"title":30378,"body":30379,"description":32281,"extension":1958,"meta":32282,"navigation":241,"path":14018,"seo":32283,"stem":32284,"__hash__":32285},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30380,"toc":32253},[30381,30386,30391,30394,30396,30493,30498,30503,30508,30511,30519,30522,30537,30539,30639,30641,30698,30702,30704,30707,30727,30732,30743,30746,30773,30776,30778,30835,30837,30858,30864,30869,30872,30883,30885,30993,30995,31048,31050,31062,31069,31075,31080,31083,31171,31173,31218,31221,31229,31232,31235,31304,31307,31310,31314,31317,31388,31390,31443,31446,31449,31452,31467,31470,31482,31485,31548,31550,31556,31558,31560,31639,31641,31682,31684,31749,31751,31788,31793,31798,31802,31816,31819,31942,31944,32029,32034,32036,32040,32062,32065,32144,32147,32166,32171,32173,32179,32184,32190,32193,32199,32202,32208,32213,32219,32225,32227,32250],[10,30382,11307,30384,11311],{"id":30383},"python-dictionary-update-method",[18,30385,14940],{},[14,30387,16,30388,30390],{},[18,30389,14940],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30392,30393],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[31,30395,34],{"id":33},[36,30397,30399],{"className":38,"code":30398,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,30400,30401,30437,30478,30488],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30402,30403,30405,30407,30409,30411,30413,30415,30417,30419,30421,30423,30425,30427,30429,30431,30433,30435],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30404,13189],{"class":51},[45,30406,56],{"class":55},[45,30408,10477],{"class":59},[45,30410,64],{"class":63},[45,30412,7656],{"class":67},[45,30414,64],{"class":63},[45,30416,1111],{"class":59},[45,30418,76],{"class":63},[45,30420,12867],{"class":67},[45,30422,64],{"class":63},[45,30424,73],{"class":59},[45,30426,76],{"class":63},[45,30428,9285],{"class":67},[45,30430,64],{"class":63},[45,30432,1111],{"class":59},[45,30434,590],{"class":202},[45,30436,9295],{"class":59},[45,30438,30439,30441,30443,30446,30448,30450,30452,30454,30456,30459,30461,30463,30465,30467,30469,30471,30473,30475],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,30440,17293],{"class":51},[45,30442,102],{"class":59},[45,30444,30445],{"class":105},"update",[45,30447,5520],{"class":59},[45,30449,64],{"class":63},[45,30451,9285],{"class":67},[45,30453,64],{"class":63},[45,30455,1111],{"class":59},[45,30457,30458],{"class":202}," 21",[45,30460,73],{"class":59},[45,30462,76],{"class":63},[45,30464,10395],{"class":67},[45,30466,64],{"class":63},[45,30468,1111],{"class":59},[45,30470,76],{"class":63},[45,30472,16018],{"class":67},[45,30474,64],{"class":63},[45,30476,30477],{"class":59},"})\n",[45,30479,30480,30482,30484,30486],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,30481,125],{"class":124},[45,30483,109],{"class":59},[45,30485,17293],{"class":105},[45,30487,118],{"class":59},[45,30489,30490],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,30491,30492],{"class":137},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30494,141,30495,30497],{},[18,30496,14940],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[31,30499,3671,30501,3674],{"id":30500},"what-update-does",[18,30502,14940],{},[14,30504,30505,30507],{},[18,30506,14940],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30509,30510],{},"It can do two main things:",[157,30512,30513,30516],{},[160,30514,30515],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[160,30517,30518],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30520,30521],{},"Important things to know:",[157,30523,30524,30527,30530,30534],{},[160,30525,30526],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[160,30528,30529],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[160,30531,1877,30532],{},[18,30533,301],{},[160,30535,30536],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30538,345],{},[36,30540,30542],{"className":38,"code":30541,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[18,30543,30544,30586,30629],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30545,30546,30548,30550,30552,30554,30556,30558,30560,30562,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579,30582,30584],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30547,12850],{"class":51},[45,30549,56],{"class":55},[45,30551,10477],{"class":59},[45,30553,64],{"class":63},[45,30555,7656],{"class":67},[45,30557,64],{"class":63},[45,30559,1111],{"class":59},[45,30561,76],{"class":63},[45,30563,30564],{"class":67},"Mira",[45,30566,64],{"class":63},[45,30568,73],{"class":59},[45,30570,76],{"class":63},[45,30572,19877],{"class":67},[45,30574,64],{"class":63},[45,30576,1111],{"class":59},[45,30578,76],{"class":63},[45,30580,30581],{"class":67},"B",[45,30583,64],{"class":63},[45,30585,9295],{"class":59},[45,30587,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598,30600,30602,30604,30606,30608,30610,30612,30614,30616,30618,30620,30622,30625,30627],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,30589,13611],{"class":51},[45,30591,102],{"class":59},[45,30593,30445],{"class":105},[45,30595,5520],{"class":59},[45,30597,64],{"class":63},[45,30599,19877],{"class":67},[45,30601,64],{"class":63},[45,30603,1111],{"class":59},[45,30605,76],{"class":63},[45,30607,22229],{"class":67},[45,30609,64],{"class":63},[45,30611,73],{"class":59},[45,30613,76],{"class":63},[45,30615,10395],{"class":67},[45,30617,64],{"class":63},[45,30619,1111],{"class":59},[45,30621,76],{"class":63},[45,30623,30624],{"class":67},"Quito",[45,30626,64],{"class":63},[45,30628,30477],{"class":59},[45,30630,30631,30633,30635,30637],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,30632,125],{"class":124},[45,30634,109],{"class":59},[45,30636,13611],{"class":105},[45,30638,118],{"class":59},[14,30640,268],{},[36,30642,30644],{"className":38,"code":30643,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[18,30645,30646],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30647,30648,30650,30652,30654,30656,30658,30660,30662,30664,30666,30668,30670,30672,30674,30676,30678,30680,30682,30684,30686,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30649,9264],{"class":59},[45,30651,429],{"class":63},[45,30653,7656],{"class":67},[45,30655,429],{"class":63},[45,30657,1111],{"class":59},[45,30659,438],{"class":63},[45,30661,30564],{"class":67},[45,30663,429],{"class":63},[45,30665,73],{"class":59},[45,30667,438],{"class":63},[45,30669,19877],{"class":67},[45,30671,429],{"class":63},[45,30673,1111],{"class":59},[45,30675,438],{"class":63},[45,30677,22229],{"class":67},[45,30679,429],{"class":63},[45,30681,73],{"class":59},[45,30683,438],{"class":63},[45,30685,10395],{"class":67},[45,30687,429],{"class":63},[45,30689,1111],{"class":59},[45,30691,438],{"class":63},[45,30693,30624],{"class":67},[45,30695,429],{"class":63},[45,30697,9295],{"class":59},[14,30699,9137,30700,102],{},[364,30701,24611],{"href":9377},[31,30703,2153],{"id":2152},[14,30705,30706],{},"The basic form is:",[36,30708,30710],{"className":38,"code":30709,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[18,30711,30712],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30713,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30725],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30715,15591],{"class":51},[45,30717,102],{"class":59},[45,30719,30445],{"class":105},[45,30721,109],{"class":59},[45,30723,30724],{"class":105},"other",[45,30726,118],{"class":59},[14,30728,30729,30731],{},[18,30730,30724],{}," can be:",[157,30733,30734,30737,30740],{},[160,30735,30736],{},"Another dictionary",[160,30738,30739],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[160,30741,30742],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30744,30745],{},"You can also use:",[36,30747,30749],{"className":38,"code":30748,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,30750,30751],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30752,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30754,15591],{"class":51},[45,30756,102],{"class":59},[45,30758,30445],{"class":105},[45,30760,109],{"class":59},[45,30762,7656],{"class":9161},[45,30764,56],{"class":55},[45,30766,64],{"class":63},[45,30768,7665],{"class":67},[45,30770,64],{"class":63},[45,30772,118],{"class":59},[14,30774,30775],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30777,345],{},[36,30779,30781],{"className":38,"code":30780,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[18,30782,30783,30803,30825],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30784,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30786,9151],{"class":51},[45,30788,56],{"class":55},[45,30790,10477],{"class":59},[45,30792,64],{"class":63},[45,30794,364],{"class":67},[45,30796,64],{"class":63},[45,30798,1111],{"class":59},[45,30800,5488],{"class":202},[45,30802,9295],{"class":59},[45,30804,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,30806,9190],{"class":51},[45,30808,102],{"class":59},[45,30810,30445],{"class":105},[45,30812,5520],{"class":59},[45,30814,64],{"class":63},[45,30816,364],{"class":67},[45,30818,64],{"class":63},[45,30820,1111],{"class":59},[45,30822,5991],{"class":202},[45,30824,30477],{"class":59},[45,30826,30827,30829,30831,30833],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,30828,125],{"class":124},[45,30830,109],{"class":59},[45,30832,9190],{"class":105},[45,30834,118],{"class":59},[14,30836,268],{},[36,30838,30840],{"className":38,"code":30839,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': 10}\n",[18,30841,30842],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30843,30844,30846,30848,30850,30852,30854,30856],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30845,9264],{"class":59},[45,30847,429],{"class":63},[45,30849,364],{"class":67},[45,30851,429],{"class":63},[45,30853,1111],{"class":59},[45,30855,5991],{"class":202},[45,30857,9295],{"class":59},[31,30859,1736,30861,30863],{"id":30860},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[18,30862,14940],{}," with another dictionary",[14,30865,30866,30867,102],{},"This is the most common use of ",[18,30868,14940],{},[14,30870,30871],{},"It is useful when:",[157,30873,30874,30877,30880],{},[160,30875,30876],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[160,30878,30879],{},"Adding extra settings",[160,30881,30882],{},"Updating stored data",[14,30884,345],{},[36,30886,30888],{"className":38,"code":30887,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,30889,30890,30927,30964,30968,30983],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30891,30892,30894,30896,30898,30900,30902,30904,30906,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30918,30920,30922,30925],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30893,13811],{"class":51},[45,30895,56],{"class":55},[45,30897,10477],{"class":59},[45,30899,64],{"class":63},[45,30901,12483],{"class":67},[45,30903,64],{"class":63},[45,30905,1111],{"class":59},[45,30907,76],{"class":63},[45,30909,20914],{"class":67},[45,30911,64],{"class":63},[45,30913,73],{"class":59},[45,30915,76],{"class":63},[45,30917,13836],{"class":67},[45,30919,64],{"class":63},[45,30921,1111],{"class":59},[45,30923,30924],{"class":202}," 12",[45,30926,9295],{"class":59},[45,30928,30929,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950,30952,30954,30956,30958,30960,30962],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,30930,30931],{"class":51},"new_settings ",[45,30933,56],{"class":55},[45,30935,10477],{"class":59},[45,30937,64],{"class":63},[45,30939,13836],{"class":67},[45,30941,64],{"class":63},[45,30943,1111],{"class":59},[45,30945,13843],{"class":202},[45,30947,73],{"class":59},[45,30949,76],{"class":63},[45,30951,20109],{"class":67},[45,30953,64],{"class":63},[45,30955,1111],{"class":59},[45,30957,76],{"class":63},[45,30959,20143],{"class":67},[45,30961,64],{"class":63},[45,30963,9295],{"class":59},[45,30965,30966],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,30967,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,30969,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30981],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,30971,13870],{"class":51},[45,30973,102],{"class":59},[45,30975,30445],{"class":105},[45,30977,109],{"class":59},[45,30979,30980],{"class":105},"new_settings",[45,30982,118],{"class":59},[45,30984,30985,30987,30989,30991],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,30986,125],{"class":124},[45,30988,109],{"class":59},[45,30990,13870],{"class":105},[45,30992,118],{"class":59},[14,30994,268],{},[36,30996,30998],{"className":38,"code":30997,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[18,30999,31000],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31001,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010,31012,31014,31016,31018,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31003,9264],{"class":59},[45,31005,429],{"class":63},[45,31007,12483],{"class":67},[45,31009,429],{"class":63},[45,31011,1111],{"class":59},[45,31013,438],{"class":63},[45,31015,20914],{"class":67},[45,31017,429],{"class":63},[45,31019,73],{"class":59},[45,31021,438],{"class":63},[45,31023,13836],{"class":67},[45,31025,429],{"class":63},[45,31027,1111],{"class":59},[45,31029,13843],{"class":202},[45,31031,73],{"class":59},[45,31033,438],{"class":63},[45,31035,20109],{"class":67},[45,31037,429],{"class":63},[45,31039,1111],{"class":59},[45,31041,438],{"class":63},[45,31043,20143],{"class":67},[45,31045,429],{"class":63},[45,31047,9295],{"class":59},[14,31049,13394],{},[157,31051,31052,31057],{},[160,31053,31054,31056],{},[18,31055,13836],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[160,31058,31059,31061],{},[18,31060,20109],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,31063,31064,31065,102],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[364,31066,31068],{"href":31067},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[31,31070,1736,31072,31074],{"id":31071},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[18,31073,14940],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,31076,31077,31079],{},[18,31078,14940],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,31081,31082],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[36,31084,31086],{"className":38,"code":31085,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,31087,31088,31108,31143,31147,31161],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31089,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102,31104,31106],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31091,578],{"class":51},[45,31093,56],{"class":55},[45,31095,10477],{"class":59},[45,31097,64],{"class":63},[45,31099,18402],{"class":67},[45,31101,64],{"class":63},[45,31103,1111],{"class":59},[45,31105,19884],{"class":202},[45,31107,9295],{"class":59},[45,31109,31110,31112,31114,31116,31118,31120,31122,31124,31126,31128,31130,31132,31135,31137,31139,31141],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,31111,9201],{"class":51},[45,31113,56],{"class":55},[45,31115,9206],{"class":59},[45,31117,64],{"class":63},[45,31119,18411],{"class":67},[45,31121,64],{"class":63},[45,31123,73],{"class":59},[45,31125,13492],{"class":202},[45,31127,9219],{"class":59},[45,31129,9222],{"class":59},[45,31131,64],{"class":63},[45,31133,31134],{"class":67},"english",[45,31136,64],{"class":63},[45,31138,73],{"class":59},[45,31140,28901],{"class":202},[45,31142,9235],{"class":59},[45,31144,31145],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,31146,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,31148,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,31150,607],{"class":51},[45,31152,102],{"class":59},[45,31154,30445],{"class":105},[45,31156,109],{"class":59},[45,31158,9248],{"class":105},[45,31160,118],{"class":59},[45,31162,31163,31165,31167,31169],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,31164,125],{"class":124},[45,31166,109],{"class":59},[45,31168,607],{"class":105},[45,31170,118],{"class":59},[14,31172,268],{},[36,31174,31176],{"className":38,"code":31175,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[18,31177,31178],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31179,31180,31182,31184,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31181,9264],{"class":59},[45,31183,429],{"class":63},[45,31185,18402],{"class":67},[45,31187,429],{"class":63},[45,31189,1111],{"class":59},[45,31191,19884],{"class":202},[45,31193,73],{"class":59},[45,31195,438],{"class":63},[45,31197,18411],{"class":67},[45,31199,429],{"class":63},[45,31201,1111],{"class":59},[45,31203,13492],{"class":202},[45,31205,73],{"class":59},[45,31207,438],{"class":63},[45,31209,31134],{"class":67},[45,31211,429],{"class":63},[45,31213,1111],{"class":59},[45,31215,28901],{"class":202},[45,31217,9295],{"class":59},[14,31219,31220],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[157,31222,31223,31226],{},[160,31224,31225],{},"The key",[160,31227,31228],{},"The value",[14,31230,31231],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31233,31234],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[36,31236,31238],{"className":38,"code":31237,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[18,31239,31240,31260,31285,31289],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31241,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31243,9151],{"class":51},[45,31245,56],{"class":55},[45,31247,10477],{"class":59},[45,31249,64],{"class":63},[45,31251,364],{"class":67},[45,31253,64],{"class":63},[45,31255,1111],{"class":59},[45,31257,5488],{"class":202},[45,31259,9295],{"class":59},[45,31261,31262,31265,31267,31269,31271,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,31263,31264],{"class":51},"bad_pairs ",[45,31266,56],{"class":55},[45,31268,9206],{"class":59},[45,31270,64],{"class":63},[45,31272,373],{"class":67},[45,31274,64],{"class":63},[45,31276,73],{"class":59},[45,31278,208],{"class":202},[45,31280,73],{"class":59},[45,31282,213],{"class":202},[45,31284,9235],{"class":59},[45,31286,31287],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,31288,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,31290,31291,31293,31295,31297,31299,31302],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,31292,9190],{"class":51},[45,31294,102],{"class":59},[45,31296,30445],{"class":105},[45,31298,109],{"class":59},[45,31300,31301],{"class":105},"bad_pairs",[45,31303,118],{"class":59},[14,31305,31306],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31308,31309],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[31,31311,31313],{"id":31312},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31315,31316],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[36,31318,31320],{"className":38,"code":31319,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[18,31321,31322,31346,31378],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31323,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31325,11477],{"class":51},[45,31327,56],{"class":55},[45,31329,10477],{"class":59},[45,31331,64],{"class":63},[45,31333,7656],{"class":67},[45,31335,64],{"class":63},[45,31337,1111],{"class":59},[45,31339,76],{"class":63},[45,31341,28894],{"class":67},[45,31343,64],{"class":63},[45,31345,9295],{"class":59},[45,31347,31348,31350,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31367,31369,31371,31374,31376],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,31349,11571],{"class":51},[45,31351,102],{"class":59},[45,31353,30445],{"class":105},[45,31355,109],{"class":59},[45,31357,9285],{"class":9161},[45,31359,56],{"class":55},[45,31361,9179],{"class":202},[45,31363,73],{"class":59},[45,31365,31366],{"class":9161}," city",[45,31368,56],{"class":55},[45,31370,64],{"class":63},[45,31372,31373],{"class":67},"Madrid",[45,31375,64],{"class":63},[45,31377,118],{"class":59},[45,31379,31380,31382,31384,31386],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,31381,125],{"class":124},[45,31383,109],{"class":59},[45,31385,11571],{"class":105},[45,31387,118],{"class":59},[14,31389,268],{},[36,31391,31393],{"className":38,"code":31392,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[18,31394,31395],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31396,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419,31421,31423,31425,31427,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31398,9264],{"class":59},[45,31400,429],{"class":63},[45,31402,7656],{"class":67},[45,31404,429],{"class":63},[45,31406,1111],{"class":59},[45,31408,438],{"class":63},[45,31410,28894],{"class":67},[45,31412,429],{"class":63},[45,31414,73],{"class":59},[45,31416,438],{"class":63},[45,31418,9285],{"class":67},[45,31420,429],{"class":63},[45,31422,1111],{"class":59},[45,31424,9292],{"class":202},[45,31426,73],{"class":59},[45,31428,438],{"class":63},[45,31430,10395],{"class":67},[45,31432,429],{"class":63},[45,31434,1111],{"class":59},[45,31436,438],{"class":63},[45,31438,31373],{"class":67},[45,31440,429],{"class":63},[45,31442,9295],{"class":59},[14,31444,31445],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31447,31448],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31450,31451],{},"These work:",[157,31453,31454,31458,31462],{},[160,31455,31456],{},[18,31457,9285],{},[160,31459,31460],{},[18,31461,10395],{},[160,31463,31464],{},[18,31465,31466],{},"first_name",[14,31468,31469],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[157,31471,31472,31477],{},[160,31473,31474],{},[18,31475,31476],{},"\"first name\"",[160,31478,31479],{},[18,31480,31481],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31483,31484],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[36,31486,31488],{"className":38,"code":31487,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[18,31489,31490,31498,31538],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31491,31492,31494,31496],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31493,11477],{"class":51},[45,31495,56],{"class":55},[45,31497,9824],{"class":59},[45,31499,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526,31529,31531,31533,31536],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,31501,11571],{"class":51},[45,31503,102],{"class":59},[45,31505,30445],{"class":105},[45,31507,5520],{"class":59},[45,31509,64],{"class":63},[45,31511,10499],{"class":67},[45,31513,64],{"class":63},[45,31515,1111],{"class":59},[45,31517,76],{"class":63},[45,31519,28894],{"class":67},[45,31521,64],{"class":63},[45,31523,73],{"class":59},[45,31525,76],{"class":63},[45,31527,31528],{"class":67},"user-id",[45,31530,64],{"class":63},[45,31532,1111],{"class":59},[45,31534,31535],{"class":202}," 1001",[45,31537,30477],{"class":59},[45,31539,31540,31542,31544,31546],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,31541,125],{"class":124},[45,31543,109],{"class":59},[45,31545,11571],{"class":105},[45,31547,118],{"class":59},[31,31549,17405],{"id":17404},[14,31551,31552,1326,31554,102],{},[18,31553,14940],{},[18,31555,301],{},[14,31557,14034],{},[14,31559,24691],{},[36,31561,31563],{"className":38,"code":31562,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[18,31564,31565,31589,31615,31619,31629],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31566,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31568,13189],{"class":51},[45,31570,56],{"class":55},[45,31572,10477],{"class":59},[45,31574,64],{"class":63},[45,31576,7656],{"class":67},[45,31578,64],{"class":63},[45,31580,1111],{"class":59},[45,31582,76],{"class":63},[45,31584,12867],{"class":67},[45,31586,64],{"class":63},[45,31588,9295],{"class":59},[45,31590,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,31592,220],{"class":51},[45,31594,56],{"class":55},[45,31596,13232],{"class":51},[45,31598,102],{"class":59},[45,31600,30445],{"class":105},[45,31602,5520],{"class":59},[45,31604,64],{"class":63},[45,31606,9285],{"class":67},[45,31608,64],{"class":63},[45,31610,1111],{"class":59},[45,31612,590],{"class":202},[45,31614,30477],{"class":59},[45,31616,31617],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,31618,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,31620,31621,31623,31625,31627],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,31622,125],{"class":124},[45,31624,109],{"class":59},[45,31626,263],{"class":105},[45,31628,118],{"class":59},[45,31630,31631,31633,31635,31637],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,31632,125],{"class":124},[45,31634,109],{"class":59},[45,31636,17293],{"class":105},[45,31638,118],{"class":59},[14,31640,268],{},[36,31642,31644],{"className":38,"code":31643,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31645,31646,31650],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31647,31648],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31649,292],{"class":291},[45,31651,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666,31668,31670,31672,31674,31676,31678,31680],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,31653,9264],{"class":59},[45,31655,429],{"class":63},[45,31657,7656],{"class":67},[45,31659,429],{"class":63},[45,31661,1111],{"class":59},[45,31663,438],{"class":63},[45,31665,12867],{"class":67},[45,31667,429],{"class":63},[45,31669,73],{"class":59},[45,31671,438],{"class":63},[45,31673,9285],{"class":67},[45,31675,429],{"class":63},[45,31677,1111],{"class":59},[45,31679,590],{"class":202},[45,31681,9295],{"class":59},[14,31683,16641],{},[36,31685,31687],{"className":38,"code":31686,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[18,31688,31689,31713,31735,31739],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31690,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699,31701,31703,31705,31707,31709,31711],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31692,13189],{"class":51},[45,31694,56],{"class":55},[45,31696,10477],{"class":59},[45,31698,64],{"class":63},[45,31700,7656],{"class":67},[45,31702,64],{"class":63},[45,31704,1111],{"class":59},[45,31706,76],{"class":63},[45,31708,12867],{"class":67},[45,31710,64],{"class":63},[45,31712,9295],{"class":59},[45,31714,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,31716,17293],{"class":51},[45,31718,102],{"class":59},[45,31720,30445],{"class":105},[45,31722,5520],{"class":59},[45,31724,64],{"class":63},[45,31726,9285],{"class":67},[45,31728,64],{"class":63},[45,31730,1111],{"class":59},[45,31732,590],{"class":202},[45,31734,30477],{"class":59},[45,31736,31737],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,31738,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,31740,31741,31743,31745,31747],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,31742,125],{"class":124},[45,31744,109],{"class":59},[45,31746,17293],{"class":105},[45,31748,118],{"class":59},[14,31750,268],{},[36,31752,31754],{"className":38,"code":31753,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31755,31756],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31757,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780,31782,31784,31786],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31759,9264],{"class":59},[45,31761,429],{"class":63},[45,31763,7656],{"class":67},[45,31765,429],{"class":63},[45,31767,1111],{"class":59},[45,31769,438],{"class":63},[45,31771,12867],{"class":67},[45,31773,429],{"class":63},[45,31775,73],{"class":59},[45,31777,438],{"class":63},[45,31779,9285],{"class":67},[45,31781,429],{"class":63},[45,31783,1111],{"class":59},[45,31785,590],{"class":202},[45,31787,9295],{"class":59},[14,31789,31790,31791,102],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[364,31792,17889],{"href":10718},[31,31794,4952,31796],{"id":31795},"when-to-use-update",[18,31797,14940],{},[14,31799,141,31800,10588],{},[18,31801,14940],{},[157,31803,31804,31807,31810,31813],{},[160,31805,31806],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[160,31808,31809],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[160,31811,31812],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[160,31814,31815],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,31817,31818],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[36,31820,31822],{"className":38,"code":31821,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,31823,31824,31860,31875,31879,31918,31922,31932],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31825,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836,31838,31840,31842,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31827,12074],{"class":51},[45,31829,56],{"class":55},[45,31831,10477],{"class":59},[45,31833,64],{"class":63},[45,31835,7656],{"class":67},[45,31837,64],{"class":63},[45,31839,1111],{"class":59},[45,31841,76],{"class":63},[45,31843,12867],{"class":67},[45,31845,64],{"class":63},[45,31847,73],{"class":59},[45,31849,76],{"class":63},[45,31851,9285],{"class":67},[45,31853,64],{"class":63},[45,31855,1111],{"class":59},[45,31857,590],{"class":202},[45,31859,9295],{"class":59},[45,31861,31862,31865,31867,31869,31871,31873],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,31863,31864],{"class":51},"updated ",[45,31866,56],{"class":55},[45,31868,12149],{"class":51},[45,31870,102],{"class":59},[45,31872,12898],{"class":105},[45,31874,8627],{"class":59},[45,31876,31877],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,31878,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,31880,31881,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914,31916],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,31882,31883],{"class":51},"updated",[45,31885,102],{"class":59},[45,31887,30445],{"class":105},[45,31889,5520],{"class":59},[45,31891,64],{"class":63},[45,31893,9285],{"class":67},[45,31895,64],{"class":63},[45,31897,1111],{"class":59},[45,31899,30458],{"class":202},[45,31901,73],{"class":59},[45,31903,76],{"class":63},[45,31905,10395],{"class":67},[45,31907,64],{"class":63},[45,31909,1111],{"class":59},[45,31911,76],{"class":63},[45,31913,16018],{"class":67},[45,31915,64],{"class":63},[45,31917,30477],{"class":59},[45,31919,31920],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,31921,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,31923,31924,31926,31928,31930],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,31925,125],{"class":124},[45,31927,109],{"class":59},[45,31929,12121],{"class":105},[45,31931,118],{"class":59},[45,31933,31934,31936,31938,31940],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,31935,125],{"class":124},[45,31937,109],{"class":59},[45,31939,31883],{"class":105},[45,31941,118],{"class":59},[14,31943,268],{},[36,31945,31947],{"className":38,"code":31946,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,31948,31949,31981],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31950,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963,31965,31967,31969,31971,31973,31975,31977,31979],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31952,9264],{"class":59},[45,31954,429],{"class":63},[45,31956,7656],{"class":67},[45,31958,429],{"class":63},[45,31960,1111],{"class":59},[45,31962,438],{"class":63},[45,31964,12867],{"class":67},[45,31966,429],{"class":63},[45,31968,73],{"class":59},[45,31970,438],{"class":63},[45,31972,9285],{"class":67},[45,31974,429],{"class":63},[45,31976,1111],{"class":59},[45,31978,590],{"class":202},[45,31980,9295],{"class":59},[45,31982,31983,31985,31987,31989,31991,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001,32003,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023,32025,32027],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,31984,9264],{"class":59},[45,31986,429],{"class":63},[45,31988,7656],{"class":67},[45,31990,429],{"class":63},[45,31992,1111],{"class":59},[45,31994,438],{"class":63},[45,31996,12867],{"class":67},[45,31998,429],{"class":63},[45,32000,73],{"class":59},[45,32002,438],{"class":63},[45,32004,9285],{"class":67},[45,32006,429],{"class":63},[45,32008,1111],{"class":59},[45,32010,30458],{"class":202},[45,32012,73],{"class":59},[45,32014,438],{"class":63},[45,32016,10395],{"class":67},[45,32018,429],{"class":63},[45,32020,1111],{"class":59},[45,32022,438],{"class":63},[45,32024,16018],{"class":67},[45,32026,429],{"class":63},[45,32028,9295],{"class":59},[14,32030,32031,32032,102],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[364,32033,16583],{"href":16582},[31,32035,1709],{"id":1708},[14,32037,10735,32038,1111],{},[18,32039,14940],{},[157,32041,32042,32049,32053,32056,32059],{},[160,32043,1728,32044,32046,32047],{},[18,32045,14940],{}," to a variable and getting ",[18,32048,301],{},[160,32050,1722,32051,12590],{},[18,32052,14940],{},[160,32054,32055],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[160,32057,32058],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[160,32060,32061],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,32063,32064],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[36,32066,32068],{"className":38,"code":32067,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[18,32069,32070,32080,32094,32108,32130],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,32071,32072,32074,32076,32078],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,32073,125],{"class":124},[45,32075,109],{"class":59},[45,32077,11438],{"class":105},[45,32079,118],{"class":59},[45,32081,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,32083,125],{"class":124},[45,32085,109],{"class":59},[45,32087,1811],{"class":315},[45,32089,109],{"class":59},[45,32091,9190],{"class":105},[45,32093,1802],{"class":59},[45,32095,32096,32098,32100,32102,32104,32106],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,32097,125],{"class":124},[45,32099,109],{"class":59},[45,32101,316],{"class":315},[45,32103,109],{"class":59},[45,32105,9190],{"class":105},[45,32107,1802],{"class":59},[45,32109,32110,32112,32114,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,32111,125],{"class":124},[45,32113,109],{"class":59},[45,32115,11438],{"class":105},[45,32117,102],{"class":59},[45,32119,19736],{"class":105},[45,32121,109],{"class":59},[45,32123,429],{"class":63},[45,32125,14827],{"class":67},[45,32127,429],{"class":63},[45,32129,1802],{"class":59},[45,32131,32132,32134,32136,32138,32140,32142],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,32133,1822],{"class":124},[45,32135,109],{"class":59},[45,32137,8806],{"class":315},[45,32139,102],{"class":59},[45,32141,30445],{"class":1831},[45,32143,118],{"class":59},[14,32145,32146],{},"These can help you check:",[157,32148,32149,32152,32157,32160,32163],{},[160,32150,32151],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[160,32153,32154,32155],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[18,32156,14940],{},[160,32158,32159],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[160,32161,32162],{},"Whether a key exists",[160,32164,32165],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32167,32168,32169,102],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[364,32170,11251],{"href":11062},[31,32172,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,32174,175,32176,32178],{"id":32175},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[18,32177,14940],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32180,32181,32182,102],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[18,32183,301],{},[1864,32185,175,32187,32189],{"id":32186},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[18,32188,14940],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32191,32192],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1864,32194,5160,32196,32198],{"id":32195},"can-update-add-new-keys",[18,32197,14940],{}," add new keys?",[14,32200,32201],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1864,32203,28310,32205,32207],{"id":32204},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[18,32206,14940],{}," with a list?",[14,32209,32210,32211,102],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[18,32212,11083],{},[1864,32214,5170,32216,32218],{"id":32215},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[18,32217,14940],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32220,32221,32222,32224],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[18,32223,14940],{}," can change many keys at once.",[31,32226,1909],{"id":1908},[157,32228,32229,32233,32237,32242,32246],{},[160,32230,32231],{},[364,32232,26078],{"href":9377},[160,32234,32235],{},[364,32236,11240],{"href":10718},[160,32238,32239],{},[364,32240,32241],{"href":31067},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[160,32243,32244],{},[364,32245,21442],{"href":16582},[160,32247,32248],{},[364,32249,11251],{"href":11062},[1936,32251,32252],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":32254},[32255,32256,32258,32259,32261,32263,32264,32265,32267,32268,32280],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":30500,"depth":96,"text":32257},"What update() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":30860,"depth":96,"text":32260},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31071,"depth":96,"text":32262},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31312,"depth":96,"text":31313},{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405},{"id":31795,"depth":96,"text":32266},"When to use update()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":32269},[32270,32272,32274,32276,32278],{"id":32175,"depth":121,"text":32271},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32186,"depth":121,"text":32273},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32195,"depth":121,"text":32275},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32204,"depth":121,"text":32277},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32215,"depth":121,"text":32279},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30378,"description":32281},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32287,"title":32288,"body":32289,"description":34277,"extension":1958,"meta":34278,"navigation":241,"path":22877,"seo":34279,"stem":34280,"__hash__":34281},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32290,"toc":34240},[32291,32296,32303,32306,32308,32407,32409,32464,32469,32474,32488,32493,32495,32510,32512,32526,32539,32544,32550,32557,32559,32666,32668,32717,32723,32798,32800,32821,32823,32826,32931,32933,32988,32990,33018,33022,33027,33106,33108,33128,33130,33141,33151,33155,33160,33263,33265,33290,33293,33304,33309,33318,33321,33338,33340,33427,33429,33492,33494,33517,33519,33524,33530,33535,33537,33576,33582,33585,33604,33615,33621,33624,33697,33699,33718,33723,33726,33749,33755,33758,33822,33825,33902,33909,33912,33971,33977,33979,33998,34002,34005,34056,34059,34079,34081,34142,34144,34149,34154,34159,34164,34169,34174,34180,34183,34192,34200,34202,34237],[10,32292,11307,32294,11311],{"id":32293},"python-dictionary-values-method",[18,32295,17057],{},[14,32297,32298,32299,32302],{},"The Python ",[18,32300,32301],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32304,32305],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[31,32307,34],{"id":33},[36,32309,32311],{"className":38,"code":32310,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[18,32312,32313,32365,32379,32383,32393],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,32314,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345,32347,32349,32351,32353,32355,32357,32359,32361,32363],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,32316,12850],{"class":51},[45,32318,56],{"class":55},[45,32320,10477],{"class":59},[45,32322,64],{"class":63},[45,32324,7656],{"class":67},[45,32326,64],{"class":63},[45,32328,1111],{"class":59},[45,32330,76],{"class":63},[45,32332,12867],{"class":67},[45,32334,64],{"class":63},[45,32336,73],{"class":59},[45,32338,76],{"class":63},[45,32340,9285],{"class":67},[45,32342,64],{"class":63},[45,32344,1111],{"class":59},[45,32346,590],{"class":202},[45,32348,73],{"class":59},[45,32350,76],{"class":63},[45,32352,10395],{"class":67},[45,32354,64],{"class":63},[45,32356,1111],{"class":59},[45,32358,76],{"class":63},[45,32360,16018],{"class":67},[45,32362,64],{"class":63},[45,32364,9295],{"class":59},[45,32366,32367,32369,32371,32373,32375,32377],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,32368,3816],{"class":51},[45,32370,56],{"class":55},[45,32372,12893],{"class":51},[45,32374,102],{"class":59},[45,32376,5350],{"class":105},[45,32378,8627],{"class":59},[45,32380,32381],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,32382,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,32384,32385,32387,32389,32391],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,32386,125],{"class":124},[45,32388,109],{"class":59},[45,32390,5350],{"class":105},[45,32392,118],{"class":59},[45,32394,32395,32397,32399,32401,32403,32405],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,32396,125],{"class":124},[45,32398,109],{"class":59},[45,32400,316],{"class":315},[45,32402,109],{"class":59},[45,32404,5350],{"class":105},[45,32406,1802],{"class":59},[14,32408,268],{},[36,32410,32412],{"className":38,"code":32411,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[18,32413,32414,32440],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,32415,32416,32418,32420,32422,32424,32426,32428,32430,32432,32434,32436,32438],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,32417,17023],{"class":105},[45,32419,2979],{"class":59},[45,32421,429],{"class":63},[45,32423,12867],{"class":67},[45,32425,429],{"class":63},[45,32427,73],{"class":59},[45,32429,590],{"class":202},[45,32431,73],{"class":59},[45,32433,438],{"class":63},[45,32435,16018],{"class":67},[45,32437,429],{"class":63},[45,32439,3880],{"class":59},[45,32441,32442,32444,32446,32448,32450,32452,32454,32456,32458,32460,32462],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,32443,278],{"class":59},[45,32445,429],{"class":63},[45,32447,12867],{"class":67},[45,32449,429],{"class":63},[45,32451,73],{"class":59},[45,32453,590],{"class":202},[45,32455,73],{"class":59},[45,32457,438],{"class":63},[45,32459,16018],{"class":67},[45,32461,429],{"class":63},[45,32463,93],{"class":59},[14,32465,32466,32468],{},[18,32467,17057],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[31,32470,3671,32472,3674],{"id":32471},"what-values-does",[18,32473,17057],{},[157,32475,32476,32479,32482,32485],{},[160,32477,32478],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[160,32480,32481],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[160,32483,32484],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[160,32486,32487],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32489,32490,32491,102],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[364,32492,9378],{"href":9377},[31,32494,2153],{"id":2152},[36,32496,32498],{"className":38,"code":32497,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict.values()\n",[18,32499,32500],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,32501,32502,32504,32506,32508],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,32503,11438],{"class":51},[45,32505,102],{"class":59},[45,32507,5350],{"class":105},[45,32509,8627],{"class":59},[14,32511,13039],{},[157,32513,32514,32518,32521],{},[160,32515,32516,11454],{},[18,32517,17057],{},[160,32519,32520],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[160,32522,32523,32524],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[18,32525,17057],{},[14,32527,32528,32529,1301,32534,102],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[364,32530,32531,32533],{"href":17048},[18,32532,17051],{}," for dictionary keys",[364,32535,32536,32538],{"href":17061},[18,32537,17064],{}," for key-value pairs",[31,32540,3671,32542,11694],{"id":32541},"what-values-returns",[18,32543,17057],{},[14,32545,32546,21959,32548,24746],{},[18,32547,17057],{},[18,32549,17023],{},[14,32551,32552,32553,32556],{},"This object is a ",[26,32554,32555],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32558,345],{},[36,32560,32562],{"className":38,"code":32561,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[18,32563,32564,32600,32604,32619,32630,32634,32656],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,32565,32566,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584,32586,32588,32590,32592,32594,32596,32598],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,32567,13189],{"class":51},[45,32569,56],{"class":55},[45,32571,10477],{"class":59},[45,32573,64],{"class":63},[45,32575,7656],{"class":67},[45,32577,64],{"class":63},[45,32579,1111],{"class":59},[45,32581,76],{"class":63},[45,32583,7907],{"class":67},[45,32585,64],{"class":63},[45,32587,73],{"class":59},[45,32589,76],{"class":63},[45,32591,9285],{"class":67},[45,32593,64],{"class":63},[45,32595,1111],{"class":59},[45,32597,9292],{"class":202},[45,32599,9295],{"class":59},[45,32601,32602],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,32603,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,32605,32606,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,32607,32608],{"class":51},"values_view ",[45,32610,56],{"class":55},[45,32612,13232],{"class":51},[45,32614,102],{"class":59},[45,32616,5350],{"class":105},[45,32618,8627],{"class":59},[45,32620,32621,32623,32625,32628],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,32622,125],{"class":124},[45,32624,109],{"class":59},[45,32626,32627],{"class":105},"values_view",[45,32629,118],{"class":59},[45,32631,32632],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,32633,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,32635,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,32637,17293],{"class":51},[45,32639,278],{"class":59},[45,32641,64],{"class":63},[45,32643,10395],{"class":67},[45,32645,64],{"class":63},[45,32647,13258],{"class":59},[45,32649,13261],{"class":55},[45,32651,76],{"class":63},[45,32653,30624],{"class":67},[45,32655,1194],{"class":63},[45,32657,32658,32660,32662,32664],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,32659,125],{"class":124},[45,32661,109],{"class":59},[45,32663,32627],{"class":105},[45,32665,118],{"class":59},[14,32667,268],{},[36,32669,32671],{"className":38,"code":32670,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[18,32672,32673,32691],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,32674,32675,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685,32687,32689],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,32676,17023],{"class":105},[45,32678,2979],{"class":59},[45,32680,429],{"class":63},[45,32682,7907],{"class":67},[45,32684,429],{"class":63},[45,32686,73],{"class":59},[45,32688,9292],{"class":202},[45,32690,3880],{"class":59},[45,32692,32693,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713,32715],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,32694,17023],{"class":105},[45,32696,2979],{"class":59},[45,32698,429],{"class":63},[45,32700,7907],{"class":67},[45,32702,429],{"class":63},[45,32704,73],{"class":59},[45,32706,9292],{"class":202},[45,32708,73],{"class":59},[45,32710,438],{"class":63},[45,32712,30624],{"class":67},[45,32714,429],{"class":63},[45,32716,3880],{"class":59},[14,32718,32719,32720,102],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[18,32721,32722],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[36,32724,32726],{"className":38,"code":32725,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[18,32727,32728,32764,32783,32787],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,32729,32730,32732,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742,32744,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754,32756,32758,32760,32762],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,32731,13189],{"class":51},[45,32733,56],{"class":55},[45,32735,10477],{"class":59},[45,32737,64],{"class":63},[45,32739,7656],{"class":67},[45,32741,64],{"class":63},[45,32743,1111],{"class":59},[45,32745,76],{"class":63},[45,32747,7907],{"class":67},[45,32749,64],{"class":63},[45,32751,73],{"class":59},[45,32753,76],{"class":63},[45,32755,9285],{"class":67},[45,32757,64],{"class":63},[45,32759,1111],{"class":59},[45,32761,9292],{"class":202},[45,32763,9295],{"class":59},[45,32765,32766,32769,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779,32781],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,32767,32768],{"class":51},"values_list ",[45,32770,56],{"class":55},[45,32772,1114],{"class":315},[45,32774,109],{"class":59},[45,32776,17293],{"class":105},[45,32778,102],{"class":59},[45,32780,5350],{"class":105},[45,32782,7181],{"class":59},[45,32784,32785],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,32786,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,32788,32789,32791,32793,32796],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,32790,125],{"class":124},[45,32792,109],{"class":59},[45,32794,32795],{"class":105},"values_list",[45,32797,118],{"class":59},[14,32799,268],{},[36,32801,32803],{"className":38,"code":32802,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Mia', 25]\n",[18,32804,32805],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,32806,32807,32809,32811,32813,32815,32817,32819],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,32808,278],{"class":59},[45,32810,429],{"class":63},[45,32812,7907],{"class":67},[45,32814,429],{"class":63},[45,32816,73],{"class":59},[45,32818,9292],{"class":202},[45,32820,93],{"class":59},[31,32822,11464],{"id":11463},[14,32824,32825],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[36,32827,32829],{"className":38,"code":32828,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,32830,32831,32885,32889,32903,32907,32917],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,32832,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841,32843,32845,32847,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857,32859,32861,32863,32866,32868,32870,32873,32875,32877,32879,32881,32883],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,32834,24778],{"class":51},[45,32836,56],{"class":55},[45,32838,10477],{"class":59},[45,32840,64],{"class":63},[45,32842,24787],{"class":67},[45,32844,64],{"class":63},[45,32846,1111],{"class":59},[45,32848,76],{"class":63},[45,32850,24796],{"class":67},[45,32852,64],{"class":63},[45,32854,73],{"class":59},[45,32856,76],{"class":63},[45,32858,24805],{"class":67},[45,32860,64],{"class":63},[45,32862,1111],{"class":59},[45,32864,32865],{"class":202}," 2022",[45,32867,73],{"class":59},[45,32869,76],{"class":63},[45,32871,32872],{"class":67},"color",[45,32874,64],{"class":63},[45,32876,1111],{"class":59},[45,32878,76],{"class":63},[45,32880,479],{"class":67},[45,32882,64],{"class":63},[45,32884,9295],{"class":59},[45,32886,32887],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,32888,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,32890,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,32892,220],{"class":51},[45,32894,56],{"class":55},[45,32896,24827],{"class":51},[45,32898,102],{"class":59},[45,32900,5350],{"class":105},[45,32902,8627],{"class":59},[45,32904,32905],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,32906,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,32908,32909,32911,32913,32915],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,32910,125],{"class":124},[45,32912,109],{"class":59},[45,32914,263],{"class":105},[45,32916,118],{"class":59},[45,32918,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,32920,125],{"class":124},[45,32922,109],{"class":59},[45,32924,316],{"class":315},[45,32926,109],{"class":59},[45,32928,263],{"class":105},[45,32930,1802],{"class":59},[14,32932,268],{},[36,32934,32936],{"className":38,"code":32935,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[18,32937,32938,32964],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,32939,32940,32942,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,32941,17023],{"class":105},[45,32943,2979],{"class":59},[45,32945,429],{"class":63},[45,32947,24796],{"class":67},[45,32949,429],{"class":63},[45,32951,73],{"class":59},[45,32953,32865],{"class":202},[45,32955,73],{"class":59},[45,32957,438],{"class":63},[45,32959,479],{"class":67},[45,32961,429],{"class":63},[45,32963,3880],{"class":59},[45,32965,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,32967,278],{"class":59},[45,32969,429],{"class":63},[45,32971,24796],{"class":67},[45,32973,429],{"class":63},[45,32975,73],{"class":59},[45,32977,32865],{"class":202},[45,32979,73],{"class":59},[45,32981,438],{"class":63},[45,32983,479],{"class":67},[45,32985,429],{"class":63},[45,32987,93],{"class":59},[14,32989,551],{},[157,32991,32992,32998,33004,33012],{},[160,32993,32994,32997],{},[18,32995,32996],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[160,32999,33000,33003],{},[18,33001,33002],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[160,33005,33006,33009,33010,24600],{},[18,33007,33008],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[18,33011,17023],{},[160,33013,33014,33017],{},[18,33015,33016],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[31,33019,33021],{"id":33020},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,33023,33024,33025,26047],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[18,33026,970],{},[36,33028,33030],{"className":38,"code":33029,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[18,33031,33032,33076,33080,33096],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,33033,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044,33046,33048,33050,33052,33054,33056,33058,33060,33062,33064,33066,33068,33070,33072,33074],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,33035,578],{"class":51},[45,33037,56],{"class":55},[45,33039,10477],{"class":59},[45,33041,64],{"class":63},[45,33043,18402],{"class":67},[45,33045,64],{"class":63},[45,33047,1111],{"class":59},[45,33049,19884],{"class":202},[45,33051,73],{"class":59},[45,33053,76],{"class":63},[45,33055,31134],{"class":67},[45,33057,64],{"class":63},[45,33059,1111],{"class":59},[45,33061,13492],{"class":202},[45,33063,73],{"class":59},[45,33065,76],{"class":63},[45,33067,18411],{"class":67},[45,33069,64],{"class":63},[45,33071,1111],{"class":59},[45,33073,28901],{"class":202},[45,33075,9295],{"class":59},[45,33077,33078],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,33079,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,33081,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,33083,970],{"class":969},[45,33085,1205],{"class":51},[45,33087,976],{"class":969},[45,33089,5101],{"class":51},[45,33091,102],{"class":59},[45,33093,5350],{"class":105},[45,33095,21579],{"class":59},[45,33097,33098,33100,33102,33104],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,33099,8055],{"class":124},[45,33101,109],{"class":59},[45,33103,28],{"class":105},[45,33105,118],{"class":59},[14,33107,268],{},[36,33109,33111],{"className":38,"code":33110,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"90\n85\n88\n",[18,33112,33113,33118,33123],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,33114,33115],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,33116,33117],{"class":202},"90\n",[45,33119,33120],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,33121,33122],{"class":202},"85\n",[45,33124,33125],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,33126,33127],{"class":202},"88\n",[14,33129,17695],{},[157,33131,33132,33135,33138],{},[160,33133,33134],{},"You only need the values",[160,33136,33137],{},"You do not care about the keys",[160,33139,33140],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33142,33143,33144,1742,33148,102],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[364,33145,10724,33146,10728],{"href":17061},[18,33147,17064],{},[364,33149,22459],{"href":33150},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[31,33152,33154],{"id":33153},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33156,141,33157,33159],{},[18,33158,32722],{}," when you need a list.",[36,33161,33163],{"className":38,"code":33162,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[18,33164,33165,33210,33214,33234,33238,33249],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,33166,33167,33170,33172,33174,33176,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186,33188,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202,33204,33206,33208],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,33168,33169],{"class":51},"fruit_prices ",[45,33171,56],{"class":55},[45,33173,10477],{"class":59},[45,33175,64],{"class":63},[45,33177,68],{"class":67},[45,33179,64],{"class":63},[45,33181,1111],{"class":59},[45,33183,208],{"class":202},[45,33185,73],{"class":59},[45,33187,76],{"class":63},[45,33189,79],{"class":67},[45,33191,64],{"class":63},[45,33193,1111],{"class":59},[45,33195,5488],{"class":202},[45,33197,73],{"class":59},[45,33199,76],{"class":63},[45,33201,88],{"class":67},[45,33203,64],{"class":63},[45,33205,1111],{"class":59},[45,33207,213],{"class":202},[45,33209,9295],{"class":59},[45,33211,33212],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,33213,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,33215,33216,33219,33221,33223,33225,33228,33230,33232],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,33217,33218],{"class":51},"price_list ",[45,33220,56],{"class":55},[45,33222,1114],{"class":315},[45,33224,109],{"class":59},[45,33226,33227],{"class":105},"fruit_prices",[45,33229,102],{"class":59},[45,33231,5350],{"class":105},[45,33233,7181],{"class":59},[45,33235,33236],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,33237,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,33239,33240,33242,33244,33247],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,33241,125],{"class":124},[45,33243,109],{"class":59},[45,33245,33246],{"class":105},"price_list",[45,33248,118],{"class":59},[45,33250,33251,33253,33255,33257,33259,33261],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,33252,125],{"class":124},[45,33254,109],{"class":59},[45,33256,33246],{"class":105},[45,33258,278],{"class":59},[45,33260,2114],{"class":202},[45,33262,3880],{"class":59},[14,33264,268],{},[36,33266,33268],{"className":38,"code":33267,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[18,33269,33270,33286],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,33271,33272,33274,33276,33278,33280,33282,33284],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,33273,278],{"class":59},[45,33275,234],{"class":202},[45,33277,73],{"class":59},[45,33279,5488],{"class":202},[45,33281,73],{"class":59},[45,33283,213],{"class":202},[45,33285,93],{"class":59},[45,33287,33288],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,33289,17042],{"class":202},[14,33291,33292],{},"This is helpful for:",[157,33294,33295,33298,33301],{},[160,33296,33297],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[160,33299,33300],{},"Accessing values by index",[160,33302,33303],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33305,3916,33306,33308],{},[18,33307,17023],{}," is not the same as a list.",[31,33310,33312,10572,33314,10572,33316],{"id":33311},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[18,33313,17057],{},[18,33315,17051],{},[18,33317,17064],{},[14,33319,33320],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[157,33322,33323,33328,33333],{},[160,33324,33325,33327],{},[18,33326,17057],{}," returns only the values",[160,33329,33330,33332],{},[18,33331,17051],{}," returns only the keys",[160,33334,33335,33337],{},[18,33336,17064],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33339,2120],{},[36,33341,33343],{"className":38,"code":33342,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[18,33344,33345,33381,33385,33399,33413],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,33346,33347,33349,33351,33353,33355,33357,33359,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371,33373,33375,33377,33379],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,33348,12850],{"class":51},[45,33350,56],{"class":55},[45,33352,10477],{"class":59},[45,33354,64],{"class":63},[45,33356,7656],{"class":67},[45,33358,64],{"class":63},[45,33360,1111],{"class":59},[45,33362,76],{"class":63},[45,33364,12867],{"class":67},[45,33366,64],{"class":63},[45,33368,73],{"class":59},[45,33370,76],{"class":63},[45,33372,9285],{"class":67},[45,33374,64],{"class":63},[45,33376,1111],{"class":59},[45,33378,590],{"class":202},[45,33380,9295],{"class":59},[45,33382,33383],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,33384,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,33386,33387,33389,33391,33393,33395,33397],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,33388,125],{"class":124},[45,33390,109],{"class":59},[45,33392,13611],{"class":105},[45,33394,102],{"class":59},[45,33396,16909],{"class":105},[45,33398,7181],{"class":59},[45,33400,33401,33403,33405,33407,33409,33411],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,33402,125],{"class":124},[45,33404,109],{"class":59},[45,33406,13611],{"class":105},[45,33408,102],{"class":59},[45,33410,5350],{"class":105},[45,33412,7181],{"class":59},[45,33414,33415,33417,33419,33421,33423,33425],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,33416,125],{"class":124},[45,33418,109],{"class":59},[45,33420,13611],{"class":105},[45,33422,102],{"class":59},[45,33424,99],{"class":105},[45,33426,7181],{"class":59},[14,33428,268],{},[36,33430,33432],{"className":38,"code":33431,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[18,33433,33434,33456,33474],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,33435,33436,33438,33440,33442,33444,33446,33448,33450,33452,33454],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,33437,17000],{"class":105},[45,33439,2979],{"class":59},[45,33441,429],{"class":63},[45,33443,7656],{"class":67},[45,33445,429],{"class":63},[45,33447,73],{"class":59},[45,33449,438],{"class":63},[45,33451,9285],{"class":67},[45,33453,429],{"class":63},[45,33455,3880],{"class":59},[45,33457,33458,33460,33462,33464,33466,33468,33470,33472],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,33459,17023],{"class":105},[45,33461,2979],{"class":59},[45,33463,429],{"class":63},[45,33465,12867],{"class":67},[45,33467,429],{"class":63},[45,33469,73],{"class":59},[45,33471,590],{"class":202},[45,33473,3880],{"class":59},[45,33475,33476,33478,33480,33482,33484,33486,33488,33490],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,33477,21892],{"class":105},[45,33479,9644],{"class":59},[45,33481,429],{"class":63},[45,33483,7656],{"class":67},[45,33485,429],{"class":63},[45,33487,73],{"class":59},[45,33489,590],{"class":202},[45,33491,10666],{"class":59},[14,33493,18680],{},[157,33495,33496,33503,33510],{},[160,33497,33498,33502],{},[364,33499,33500],{"href":17048},[18,33501,17051],{}," when you need just the keys",[160,33504,33505,33509],{},[364,33506,33507],{"href":17054},[18,33508,17057],{}," when you need just the values",[160,33511,33512,33516],{},[364,33513,33514],{"href":17061},[18,33515,17064],{}," when you need both",[31,33518,4509],{"id":4508},[14,33520,33521,33522,102],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[18,33523,17057],{},[1864,33525,29631,33527,33529],{"id":33526},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[18,33528,17057],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33531,33532,33534],{},[18,33533,17057],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33536,16629],{},[36,33538,33540],{"className":38,"code":33539,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[18,33541,33542,33562],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,33543,33544,33546,33548,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,33545,8294],{"class":51},[45,33547,56],{"class":55},[45,33549,60],{"class":59},[45,33551,203],{"class":202},[45,33553,73],{"class":59},[45,33555,208],{"class":202},[45,33557,73],{"class":59},[45,33559,213],{"class":202},[45,33561,93],{"class":59},[45,33563,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,33565,125],{"class":124},[45,33567,109],{"class":59},[45,33569,1765],{"class":105},[45,33571,102],{"class":59},[45,33573,5350],{"class":105},[45,33575,7181],{"class":59},[14,33577,33578,33579,33581],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[18,33580,17057],{}," method.",[14,33583,33584],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[36,33586,33588],{"className":38,"code":33587,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(my_list))\n",[18,33589,33590],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,33591,33592,33594,33596,33598,33600,33602],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,33593,125],{"class":124},[45,33595,109],{"class":59},[45,33597,1811],{"class":315},[45,33599,109],{"class":59},[45,33601,1765],{"class":105},[45,33603,1802],{"class":59},[14,33605,33606,33607,33609,33610,102],{},"If you get an ",[18,33608,25654],{},", see ",[364,33611,25662,33612,33614],{"href":25661},[18,33613,25665],{}," errors",[1864,33616,4570,33618,33620],{"id":33617},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[18,33619,17057],{}," returns a list",[14,33622,33623],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[36,33625,33627],{"className":38,"code":33626,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,33628,33629,33665,33679,33683],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,33630,33631,33633,33635,33637,33639,33641,33643,33645,33647,33649,33651,33653,33655,33657,33659,33661,33663],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,33632,12850],{"class":51},[45,33634,56],{"class":55},[45,33636,10477],{"class":59},[45,33638,64],{"class":63},[45,33640,7656],{"class":67},[45,33642,64],{"class":63},[45,33644,1111],{"class":59},[45,33646,76],{"class":63},[45,33648,12867],{"class":67},[45,33650,64],{"class":63},[45,33652,73],{"class":59},[45,33654,76],{"class":63},[45,33656,9285],{"class":67},[45,33658,64],{"class":63},[45,33660,1111],{"class":59},[45,33662,590],{"class":202},[45,33664,9295],{"class":59},[45,33666,33667,33669,33671,33673,33675,33677],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,33668,3816],{"class":51},[45,33670,56],{"class":55},[45,33672,12893],{"class":51},[45,33674,102],{"class":59},[45,33676,5350],{"class":105},[45,33678,8627],{"class":59},[45,33680,33681],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,33682,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,33684,33685,33687,33689,33691,33693,33695],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,33686,125],{"class":124},[45,33688,109],{"class":59},[45,33690,1811],{"class":315},[45,33692,109],{"class":59},[45,33694,5350],{"class":105},[45,33696,1802],{"class":59},[14,33698,268],{},[36,33700,33702],{"className":38,"code":33701,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[18,33703,33704],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,33705,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,33707,3284],{"class":55},[45,33709,3287],{"class":2059},[45,33711,438],{"class":63},[45,33713,17023],{"class":67},[45,33715,429],{"class":63},[45,33717,3296],{"class":55},[14,33719,1877,33720,33722],{},[18,33721,17023],{},", not a list.",[14,33724,33725],{},"If you need a list:",[36,33727,33729],{"className":38,"code":33728,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = list(student.values())\n",[18,33730,33731],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,33732,33733,33735,33737,33739,33741,33743,33745,33747],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,33734,3816],{"class":51},[45,33736,56],{"class":55},[45,33738,1114],{"class":315},[45,33740,109],{"class":59},[45,33742,13611],{"class":105},[45,33744,102],{"class":59},[45,33746,5350],{"class":105},[45,33748,7181],{"class":59},[1864,33750,33752,33753],{"id":33751},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[18,33754,17023],{},[14,33756,33757],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[36,33759,33761],{"className":38,"code":33760,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[18,33762,33763,33799,33813,33817],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,33764,33765,33767,33769,33771,33773,33775,33777,33779,33781,33783,33785,33787,33789,33791,33793,33795,33797],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,33766,12850],{"class":51},[45,33768,56],{"class":55},[45,33770,10477],{"class":59},[45,33772,64],{"class":63},[45,33774,7656],{"class":67},[45,33776,64],{"class":63},[45,33778,1111],{"class":59},[45,33780,76],{"class":63},[45,33782,12867],{"class":67},[45,33784,64],{"class":63},[45,33786,73],{"class":59},[45,33788,76],{"class":63},[45,33790,9285],{"class":67},[45,33792,64],{"class":63},[45,33794,1111],{"class":59},[45,33796,590],{"class":202},[45,33798,9295],{"class":59},[45,33800,33801,33803,33805,33807,33809,33811],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,33802,3816],{"class":51},[45,33804,56],{"class":55},[45,33806,12893],{"class":51},[45,33808,102],{"class":59},[45,33810,5350],{"class":105},[45,33812,8627],{"class":59},[45,33814,33815],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,33816,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,33818,33819],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,33820,33821],{"class":137},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,33823,33824],{},"Convert to a list first:",[36,33826,33828],{"className":38,"code":33827,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[18,33829,33830,33866,33884,33888],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,33831,33832,33834,33836,33838,33840,33842,33844,33846,33848,33850,33852,33854,33856,33858,33860,33862,33864],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,33833,12850],{"class":51},[45,33835,56],{"class":55},[45,33837,10477],{"class":59},[45,33839,64],{"class":63},[45,33841,7656],{"class":67},[45,33843,64],{"class":63},[45,33845,1111],{"class":59},[45,33847,76],{"class":63},[45,33849,12867],{"class":67},[45,33851,64],{"class":63},[45,33853,73],{"class":59},[45,33855,76],{"class":63},[45,33857,9285],{"class":67},[45,33859,64],{"class":63},[45,33861,1111],{"class":59},[45,33863,590],{"class":202},[45,33865,9295],{"class":59},[45,33867,33868,33870,33872,33874,33876,33878,33880,33882],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,33869,3816],{"class":51},[45,33871,56],{"class":55},[45,33873,1114],{"class":315},[45,33875,109],{"class":59},[45,33877,13611],{"class":105},[45,33879,102],{"class":59},[45,33881,5350],{"class":105},[45,33883,7181],{"class":59},[45,33885,33886],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,33887,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,33889,33890,33892,33894,33896,33898,33900],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,33891,125],{"class":124},[45,33893,109],{"class":59},[45,33895,5350],{"class":105},[45,33897,278],{"class":59},[45,33899,2114],{"class":202},[45,33901,3880],{"class":59},[1864,33903,1736,33905,11080,33907],{"id":33904},"using-values-instead-of-values",[18,33906,5350],{},[18,33908,17057],{},[14,33910,33911],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[36,33913,33915],{"className":38,"code":33914,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[18,33916,33917,33953,33957],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,33918,33919,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937,33939,33941,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,33920,12850],{"class":51},[45,33922,56],{"class":55},[45,33924,10477],{"class":59},[45,33926,64],{"class":63},[45,33928,7656],{"class":67},[45,33930,64],{"class":63},[45,33932,1111],{"class":59},[45,33934,76],{"class":63},[45,33936,12867],{"class":67},[45,33938,64],{"class":63},[45,33940,73],{"class":59},[45,33942,76],{"class":63},[45,33944,9285],{"class":67},[45,33946,64],{"class":63},[45,33948,1111],{"class":59},[45,33950,590],{"class":202},[45,33952,9295],{"class":59},[45,33954,33955],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,33956,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,33958,33959,33961,33963,33965,33967,33969],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,33960,125],{"class":124},[45,33962,109],{"class":59},[45,33964,13611],{"class":105},[45,33966,102],{"class":59},[45,33968,5350],{"class":1831},[45,33970,118],{"class":59},[14,33972,33973,33976],{},[18,33974,33975],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,33978,18680],{},[36,33980,33982],{"className":38,"code":33981,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(student.values())\n",[18,33983,33984],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,33985,33986,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,33987,125],{"class":124},[45,33989,109],{"class":59},[45,33991,13611],{"class":105},[45,33993,102],{"class":59},[45,33995,5350],{"class":105},[45,33997,7181],{"class":59},[1864,33999,34001],{"id":34000},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,34003,34004],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[36,34006,34008],{"className":38,"code":34007,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[18,34009,34010,34042],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34011,34012,34014,34016,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026,34028,34030,34032,34034,34036,34038,34040],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34013,9151],{"class":51},[45,34015,56],{"class":55},[45,34017,10477],{"class":59},[45,34019,64],{"class":63},[45,34021,364],{"class":67},[45,34023,64],{"class":63},[45,34025,1111],{"class":59},[45,34027,5488],{"class":202},[45,34029,73],{"class":59},[45,34031,76],{"class":63},[45,34033,373],{"class":67},[45,34035,64],{"class":63},[45,34037,1111],{"class":59},[45,34039,208],{"class":202},[45,34041,9295],{"class":59},[45,34043,34044,34046,34048,34050,34052,34054],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,34045,125],{"class":124},[45,34047,109],{"class":59},[45,34049,9190],{"class":105},[45,34051,102],{"class":59},[45,34053,5350],{"class":105},[45,34055,7181],{"class":59},[14,34057,34058],{},"Not like this:",[36,34060,34062],{"className":38,"code":34061,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[18,34063,34064,34069,34074],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34065,34066],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34067,34068],{"class":137},"# Wrong examples:\n",[45,34070,34071],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,34072,34073],{"class":137},"# data().values()\n",[45,34075,34076],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,34077,34078],{"class":137},"# values(data)\n",[14,34080,3333],{},[36,34082,34084],{"className":38,"code":34083,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[18,34085,34086,34100,34110,34124],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34087,34088,34090,34092,34094,34096,34098],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34089,125],{"class":124},[45,34091,109],{"class":59},[45,34093,1811],{"class":315},[45,34095,109],{"class":59},[45,34097,11438],{"class":105},[45,34099,1802],{"class":59},[45,34101,34102,34104,34106,34108],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,34103,125],{"class":124},[45,34105,109],{"class":59},[45,34107,11438],{"class":105},[45,34109,118],{"class":59},[45,34111,34112,34114,34116,34118,34120,34122],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,34113,125],{"class":124},[45,34115,109],{"class":59},[45,34117,11438],{"class":105},[45,34119,102],{"class":59},[45,34121,5350],{"class":105},[45,34123,7181],{"class":59},[45,34125,34126,34128,34130,34132,34134,34136,34138,34140],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,34127,125],{"class":124},[45,34129,109],{"class":59},[45,34131,316],{"class":315},[45,34133,109],{"class":59},[45,34135,11438],{"class":105},[45,34137,102],{"class":59},[45,34139,5350],{"class":105},[45,34141,6277],{"class":59},[31,34143,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,34145,5133,34147,5136],{"id":34146},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[18,34148,32301],{},[14,34150,17408,34151,34153],{},[18,34152,17023],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1864,34155,175,34157,23914],{"id":34156},"does-values-return-a-list",[18,34158,17057],{},[14,34160,23917,34161,23921],{},[18,34162,34163],{},"list(...)",[1864,34165,26039,34167,2485],{"id":34166},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[18,34168,32301],{},[14,34170,34171,34172,26047],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[18,34173,970],{},[1864,34175,175,34177,34179],{"id":34176},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[18,34178,32301],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34181,34182],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1864,34184,34186,34187,34189,34190,2485],{"id":34185},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[18,34188,17057],{}," different from ",[18,34191,17064],{},[14,34193,34194,34196,34197,34199],{},[18,34195,17057],{}," returns only values. ",[18,34198,17064],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[31,34201,1909],{"id":1908},[157,34203,34204,34210,34216,34220,34226,34230],{},[160,34205,34206],{},[364,34207,10724,34208,10728],{"href":17048},[18,34209,17051],{},[160,34211,34212],{},[364,34213,10724,34214,10728],{"href":17061},[18,34215,17064],{},[160,34217,34218],{},[364,34219,11231],{"href":9377},[160,34221,34222],{},[364,34223,34225],{"href":34224},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[160,34227,34228],{},[364,34229,23999],{"href":33150},[160,34231,34232],{},[364,34233,30328,34234],{"href":25661},[18,34235,34236],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1936,34238,34239],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":34241},[34242,34243,34245,34246,34248,34249,34250,34251,34253,34264,34276],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":32471,"depth":96,"text":34244},"What values() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":32541,"depth":96,"text":34247},"What values() returns",{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":33020,"depth":96,"text":33021},{"id":33153,"depth":96,"text":33154},{"id":33311,"depth":96,"text":34252},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":34254},[34255,34257,34259,34261,34263],{"id":33526,"depth":121,"text":34256},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33617,"depth":121,"text":34258},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33751,"depth":121,"text":34260},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33904,"depth":121,"text":34262},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34000,"depth":121,"text":34001},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":34265},[34266,34268,34270,34272,34274],{"id":34146,"depth":121,"text":34267},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34156,"depth":121,"text":34269},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34166,"depth":121,"text":34271},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34176,"depth":121,"text":34273},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34185,"depth":121,"text":34275},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32288,"description":34277},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34283,"title":34284,"body":34285,"description":35715,"extension":1958,"meta":35716,"navigation":241,"path":35717,"seo":35718,"stem":35719,"__hash__":35720},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34286,"toc":35667},[34287,34293,34298,34301,34317,34326,34328,34360,34366,34369,34464,34467,34472,34477,34480,34491,34493,34507,34513,34515,34520,34526,34529,34568,34576,34581,34584,34629,34632,34644,34650,34656,34660,34693,34696,34714,34717,34721,34760,34762,34781,34784,34796,34801,34807,34810,34865,34868,34879,34882,34893,34896,34900,34906,34908,34938,34941,34956,34959,34962,34981,34984,35000,35009,35011,35042,35048,35053,35056,35063,35094,35097,35119,35122,35125,35139,35143,35174,35189,35196,35203,35207,35215,35219,35227,35230,35279,35290,35292,35295,35301,35306,35316,35320,35323,35326,35330,35333,35335,35356,35360,35366,35377,35383,35385,35391,35415,35418,35481,35484,35512,35515,35577,35579,35584,35587,35594,35602,35609,35612,35620,35626,35628,35655,35664],[10,34288,3569,34290,3573],{"id":34289},"python-dir-function-explained",[18,34291,34292],{},"dir()",[14,34294,32298,34295,34297],{},[18,34296,34292],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34299,34300],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[157,34302,34303,34306,34309,34314],{},[160,34304,34305],{},"learning Python",[160,34307,34308],{},"exploring a new object",[160,34310,34311,34312],{},"debugging an ",[18,34313,25654],{},[160,34315,34316],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34318,34319,34320,34322,34323],{},"In short, ",[18,34321,34292],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[26,34324,34325],{},"“What can I use here?”",[31,34327,34],{"id":33},[36,34329,34331],{"className":38,"code":34330,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[18,34332,34333,34345],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34334,34335,34337,34339,34341,34343],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34336,7862],{"class":51},[45,34338,56],{"class":55},[45,34340,76],{"class":63},[45,34342,3839],{"class":67},[45,34344,1194],{"class":63},[45,34346,34347,34349,34351,34354,34356,34358],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,34348,125],{"class":124},[45,34350,109],{"class":59},[45,34352,34353],{"class":124},"dir",[45,34355,109],{"class":59},[45,34357,7656],{"class":105},[45,34359,1802],{"class":59},[14,34361,141,34362,34365],{},[18,34363,34364],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34367,34368],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[36,34370,34372],{"className":38,"code":34371,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[18,34373,34374],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34375,34376,34378,34380,34383,34385,34387,34389,34392,34394,34396,34398,34401,34403,34405,34407,34410,34412,34414,34416,34419,34421,34423,34425,34428,34430,34432,34436,34438,34440,34442,34444,34446,34448,34451,34453,34455,34457,34460,34462],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34377,278],{"class":59},[45,34379,429],{"class":63},[45,34381,34382],{"class":67},"__add__",[45,34384,429],{"class":63},[45,34386,73],{"class":59},[45,34388,438],{"class":63},[45,34390,34391],{"class":67},"__class__",[45,34393,429],{"class":63},[45,34395,73],{"class":59},[45,34397,438],{"class":63},[45,34399,34400],{"class":67},"__contains__",[45,34402,429],{"class":63},[45,34404,73],{"class":59},[45,34406,438],{"class":63},[45,34408,34409],{"class":67},"__delattr__",[45,34411,429],{"class":63},[45,34413,73],{"class":59},[45,34415,438],{"class":63},[45,34417,34418],{"class":67},"__dir__",[45,34420,429],{"class":63},[45,34422,73],{"class":59},[45,34424,438],{"class":63},[45,34426,34427],{"class":67},"__doc__",[45,34429,429],{"class":63},[45,34431,73],{"class":59},[45,34433,34435],{"class":34434},"s_hVV"," ...",[45,34437,73],{"class":59},[45,34439,438],{"class":63},[45,34441,8624],{"class":67},[45,34443,429],{"class":63},[45,34445,73],{"class":59},[45,34447,438],{"class":63},[45,34449,34450],{"class":67},"split",[45,34452,429],{"class":63},[45,34454,73],{"class":59},[45,34456,438],{"class":63},[45,34458,34459],{"class":67},"upper",[45,34461,429],{"class":63},[45,34463,93],{"class":59},[14,34465,34466],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[31,34468,3671,34470,3674],{"id":34469},"what-dir-does",[18,34471,34292],{},[14,34473,34474,34476],{},[18,34475,34292],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34478,34479],{},"It usually includes:",[157,34481,34482,34485,34488],{},[160,34483,34484],{},"attributes",[160,34486,34487],{},"methods",[160,34489,34490],{},"special Python names",[14,34492,11447],{},[157,34494,34495,34501,34504],{},[160,34496,34497,34498],{},"The result is a ",[26,34499,34500],{},"list of strings",[160,34502,34503],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[160,34505,34506],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34508,34509,34510,34512],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[18,34511,34292],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[31,34514,2153],{"id":2152},[14,34516,34517,34519],{},[18,34518,34292],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1864,34521,34523,34525],{"id":34522},"dir-with-no-argument",[18,34524,34292],{}," with no argument",[14,34527,34528],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[36,34530,34532],{"className":38,"code":34531,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34533,34534,34542,34554,34558],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34535,34536,34538,34540],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34537,3018],{"class":51},[45,34539,56],{"class":55},[45,34541,2581],{"class":202},[45,34543,34544,34546,34548,34550,34552],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,34545,7862],{"class":51},[45,34547,56],{"class":55},[45,34549,76],{"class":63},[45,34551,7665],{"class":67},[45,34553,1194],{"class":63},[45,34555,34556],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,34557,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,34559,34560,34562,34564,34566],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,34561,125],{"class":124},[45,34563,109],{"class":59},[45,34565,34353],{"class":124},[45,34567,7181],{"class":59},[14,34569,34570,34571,1301,34573,34575],{},"This will show names such as ",[18,34572,1123],{},[18,34574,7656],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1864,34577,34579],{"id":34578},"dirobject",[18,34580,34364],{},[14,34582,34583],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[36,34585,34587],{"className":38,"code":34586,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,34588,34589,34607],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34590,34591,34593,34595,34597,34599,34601,34603,34605],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34592,125],{"class":124},[45,34594,109],{"class":59},[45,34596,34353],{"class":124},[45,34598,109],{"class":59},[45,34600,64],{"class":63},[45,34602,3839],{"class":67},[45,34604,64],{"class":63},[45,34606,1802],{"class":59},[45,34608,34609,34611,34613,34615,34617,34619,34621,34623,34625,34627],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,34610,125],{"class":124},[45,34612,109],{"class":59},[45,34614,34353],{"class":124},[45,34616,2979],{"class":59},[45,34618,203],{"class":202},[45,34620,73],{"class":59},[45,34622,208],{"class":202},[45,34624,73],{"class":59},[45,34626,213],{"class":202},[45,34628,2992],{"class":59},[14,34630,34631],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[157,34633,34634,34636,34638,34641],{},[160,34635,5300],{},[160,34637,5291],{},[160,34639,34640],{},"modules",[160,34642,34643],{},"custom objects",[31,34645,1736,34647,34649],{"id":34646},"using-dir-with-a-value",[18,34648,34292],{}," with a value",[14,34651,34652,34653,34655],{},"A common use of ",[18,34654,34292],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1864,34657,34659],{"id":34658},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[36,34661,34663],{"className":38,"code":34662,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[18,34664,34665,34678],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34666,34667,34670,34672,34674,34676],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34668,34669],{"class":51},"text ",[45,34671,56],{"class":55},[45,34673,76],{"class":63},[45,34675,3839],{"class":67},[45,34677,1194],{"class":63},[45,34679,34680,34682,34684,34686,34688,34691],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,34681,125],{"class":124},[45,34683,109],{"class":59},[45,34685,34353],{"class":124},[45,34687,109],{"class":59},[45,34689,34690],{"class":105},"text",[45,34692,1802],{"class":59},[14,34694,34695],{},"You will see method names like:",[157,34697,34698,34702,34706,34710],{},[160,34699,34700],{},[18,34701,8624],{},[160,34703,34704],{},[18,34705,34459],{},[160,34707,34708],{},[18,34709,34450],{},[160,34711,34712],{},[18,34713,8618],{},[14,34715,34716],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1864,34718,34720],{"id":34719},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[36,34722,34724],{"className":38,"code":34723,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[18,34725,34726,34746],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34727,34728,34730,34732,34734,34736,34738,34740,34742,34744],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34729,195],{"class":51},[45,34731,56],{"class":55},[45,34733,60],{"class":59},[45,34735,203],{"class":202},[45,34737,73],{"class":59},[45,34739,208],{"class":202},[45,34741,73],{"class":59},[45,34743,213],{"class":202},[45,34745,93],{"class":59},[45,34747,34748,34750,34752,34754,34756,34758],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,34749,125],{"class":124},[45,34751,109],{"class":59},[45,34753,34353],{"class":124},[45,34755,109],{"class":59},[45,34757,251],{"class":105},[45,34759,1802],{"class":59},[14,34761,34695],{},[157,34763,34764,34768,34772,34776],{},[160,34765,34766],{},[18,34767,13538],{},[160,34769,34770],{},[18,34771,1485],{},[160,34773,34774],{},[18,34775,106],{},[160,34777,34778],{},[18,34779,34780],{},"sort",[14,34782,34783],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34785,34786,34787,34792,34793,34795],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[364,34788,34790],{"href":34789},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[18,34791,2297],{}," can help first. Then ",[18,34794,34292],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[31,34797,1736,34799,34525],{"id":34798},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[18,34800,34292],{},[14,34802,34803,34804,34806],{},"When used with no argument, ",[18,34805,34292],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,34808,34809],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[36,34811,34813],{"className":38,"code":34812,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34814,34815,34824,34828,34839,34851,34855],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34816,34817,34819,34821],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34818,3018],{"class":51},[45,34820,56],{"class":55},[45,34822,34823],{"class":202}," 5\n",[45,34825,34826],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,34827,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,34829,34830,34833,34837],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,34831,34832],{"class":2059},"def",[45,34834,34836],{"class":34835},"sGLFI"," greet",[45,34838,21579],{"class":59},[45,34840,34841,34844,34846,34849],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,34842,34843],{"class":969},"    return",[45,34845,76],{"class":63},[45,34847,34848],{"class":67},"Hello",[45,34850,1194],{"class":63},[45,34852,34853],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,34854,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,34856,34857,34859,34861,34863],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,34858,125],{"class":124},[45,34860,109],{"class":59},[45,34862,34353],{"class":124},[45,34864,7181],{"class":59},[14,34866,34867],{},"The output will include names like:",[157,34869,34870,34874],{},[160,34871,34872],{},[18,34873,1123],{},[160,34875,34876],{},[18,34877,34878],{},"greet",[14,34880,34881],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[157,34883,34884,34887,34890],{},[160,34885,34886],{},"what variables exist",[160,34888,34889],{},"what functions you have defined",[160,34891,34892],{},"what names are currently available",[14,34894,34895],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[31,34897,34899],{"id":34898},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,34901,34902,34903,34905],{},"When you first use ",[18,34904,34292],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,34907,345],{},[36,34909,34910],{"className":38,"code":34662,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,34911,34912,34924],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34913,34914,34916,34918,34920,34922],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34915,34669],{"class":51},[45,34917,56],{"class":55},[45,34919,76],{"class":63},[45,34921,3839],{"class":67},[45,34923,1194],{"class":63},[45,34925,34926,34928,34930,34932,34934,34936],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,34927,125],{"class":124},[45,34929,109],{"class":59},[45,34931,34353],{"class":124},[45,34933,109],{"class":59},[45,34935,34690],{"class":105},[45,34937,1802],{"class":59},[14,34939,34940],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[157,34942,34943,34947,34951],{},[160,34944,34945],{},[18,34946,34391],{},[160,34948,34949],{},[18,34950,34427],{},[160,34952,34953],{},[18,34954,34955],{},"__len__",[14,34957,34958],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,34960,34961],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[157,34963,34964,34968,34972,34976],{},[160,34965,34966],{},[18,34967,34459],{},[160,34969,34970],{},[18,34971,8624],{},[160,34973,34974],{},[18,34975,34450],{},[160,34977,34978],{},[18,34979,34980],{},"replace",[14,34982,34983],{},"A key point to remember:",[157,34985,34986,34994],{},[160,34987,34988,34990,34991],{},[18,34989,34292],{}," lists ",[26,34992,34993],{},"names only",[160,34995,34996,34997,34999],{},"it does ",[26,34998,178],{}," explain what each name does",[14,35001,35002,35003,102],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[364,35004,35006],{"href":35005},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[18,35007,35008],{},"help()",[14,35010,5462],{},[36,35012,35014],{"className":38,"code":35013,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35015,35016,35028],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35017,35018,35020,35022,35024,35026],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35019,7862],{"class":51},[45,35021,56],{"class":55},[45,35023,76],{"class":63},[45,35025,3839],{"class":67},[45,35027,1194],{"class":63},[45,35029,35030,35032,35034,35036,35038,35040],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,35031,1822],{"class":124},[45,35033,109],{"class":59},[45,35035,7656],{"class":105},[45,35037,102],{"class":59},[45,35039,34459],{"class":1831},[45,35041,118],{"class":59},[31,35043,35045,35047],{"id":35044},"dir-on-modules",[18,35046,34292],{}," on modules",[14,35049,15701,35050,35052],{},[18,35051,34292],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,35054,35055],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1864,35057,35059,35060,35062],{"id":35058},"example-math-module","Example: ",[18,35061,18402],{}," module",[36,35064,35066],{"className":38,"code":35065,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[18,35067,35068,35076,35080],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35069,35070,35073],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35071,35072],{"class":969},"import",[45,35074,35075],{"class":51}," math\n",[45,35077,35078],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,35079,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,35081,35082,35084,35086,35088,35090,35092],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35083,125],{"class":124},[45,35085,109],{"class":59},[45,35087,34353],{"class":124},[45,35089,109],{"class":59},[45,35091,18402],{"class":105},[45,35093,1802],{"class":59},[14,35095,35096],{},"You may see names like:",[157,35098,35099,35104,35109,35114],{},[160,35100,35101],{},[18,35102,35103],{},"sqrt",[160,35105,35106],{},[18,35107,35108],{},"ceil",[160,35110,35111],{},[18,35112,35113],{},"floor",[160,35115,35116],{},[18,35117,35118],{},"pi",[14,35120,35121],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35123,35124],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[157,35126,35127,35133],{},[160,35128,35129],{},[364,35130,35132],{"href":35131},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[160,35134,35135],{},[364,35136,35138],{"href":35137},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1864,35140,35142],{"id":35141},"another-example","Another example",[36,35144,35146],{"className":38,"code":35145,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[18,35147,35148,35155,35159],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35149,35150,35152],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35151,35072],{"class":969},[45,35153,35154],{"class":51}," json\n",[45,35156,35157],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,35158,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,35160,35161,35163,35165,35167,35169,35172],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35162,125],{"class":124},[45,35164,109],{"class":59},[45,35166,34353],{"class":124},[45,35168,109],{"class":59},[45,35170,35171],{"class":105},"json",[45,35173,1802],{"class":59},[14,35175,35176,35177,2185,35180,2185,35183,17058,35186,102],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[18,35178,35179],{},"dump",[18,35181,35182],{},"dumps",[18,35184,35185],{},"load",[18,35187,35188],{},"loads",[31,35190,35192,10572,35194],{"id":35191},"dir-vs-help",[18,35193,34292],{},[18,35195,35008],{},[14,35197,35198,1301,35200,35202],{},[18,35199,34292],{},[18,35201,35008],{}," are often used together.",[1864,35204,35205],{"id":34353},[18,35206,34292],{},[157,35208,35209,35212],{},[160,35210,35211],{},"shows available names",[160,35213,35214],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1864,35216,35217],{"id":1822},[18,35218,35008],{},[157,35220,35221,35224],{},[160,35222,35223],{},"explains what an object or function does",[160,35225,35226],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35228,35229],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[36,35231,35233],{"className":38,"code":35232,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35234,35235,35247,35251,35265],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35236,35237,35239,35241,35243,35245],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35238,7862],{"class":51},[45,35240,56],{"class":55},[45,35242,76],{"class":63},[45,35244,3839],{"class":67},[45,35246,1194],{"class":63},[45,35248,35249],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,35250,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,35252,35253,35255,35257,35259,35261,35263],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35254,125],{"class":124},[45,35256,109],{"class":59},[45,35258,34353],{"class":124},[45,35260,109],{"class":59},[45,35262,7656],{"class":105},[45,35264,1802],{"class":59},[45,35266,35267,35269,35271,35273,35275,35277],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,35268,1822],{"class":124},[45,35270,109],{"class":59},[45,35272,7656],{"class":105},[45,35274,102],{"class":59},[45,35276,34459],{"class":1831},[45,35278,118],{"class":59},[14,35280,141,35281,35283,35284,35286,35287,35289],{},[18,35282,34292],{}," first to find a method name.",[9832,35285],{},"\nThen use ",[18,35288,35008],{}," to understand how to use it.",[31,35291,25340],{"id":25339},[14,35293,35294],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1864,35296,35298,35300],{"id":35297},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[18,35299,34292],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35302,35303,35305],{},[18,35304,34292],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35307,35308,35309,35311,35312,35315],{},"For example, seeing ",[18,35310,34459],{}," in ",[18,35313,35314],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1864,35317,35319],{"id":35318},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35321,35322],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35324,35325],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1864,35327,35329],{"id":35328},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35331,35332],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35334,5462],{},[157,35336,35337,35342,35348],{},[160,35338,35339,35341],{},[18,35340,35314],{}," shows string-related names",[160,35343,35344,35347],{},[18,35345,35346],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[160,35349,35350,35353,35354,35062],{},[18,35351,35352],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[18,35355,18402],{},[1864,35357,35359],{"id":35358},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35361,35362,35363,35365],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[18,35364,34292],{}," does not mean you already know:",[157,35367,35368,35371,35374],{},[160,35369,35370],{},"what it does",[160,35372,35373],{},"what arguments it needs",[160,35375,35376],{},"what it returns",[14,35378,35379,35380,35382],{},"That is why ",[18,35381,35008],{}," is the natural next step.",[31,35384,1709],{"id":1708},[14,35386,35387,35388,35390],{},"Beginners often use ",[18,35389,34292],{}," in these situations:",[157,35392,35393,35396,35405,35408],{},[160,35394,35395],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[160,35397,35398,35399,35404],{},"Seeing an ",[364,35400,35402],{"href":35401},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[18,35403,25654],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[160,35406,35407],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[160,35409,1736,35410,35412,35413],{},[18,35411,34292],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[18,35414,35008],{},[14,35416,35417],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[36,35419,35421],{"className":38,"code":35420,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35422,35423,35435,35439,35453,35467],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35424,35425,35427,35429,35431,35433],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35426,7862],{"class":51},[45,35428,56],{"class":55},[45,35430,76],{"class":63},[45,35432,3839],{"class":67},[45,35434,1194],{"class":63},[45,35436,35437],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,35438,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,35440,35441,35443,35445,35447,35449,35451],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35442,125],{"class":124},[45,35444,109],{"class":59},[45,35446,1811],{"class":315},[45,35448,109],{"class":59},[45,35450,7656],{"class":105},[45,35452,1802],{"class":59},[45,35454,35455,35457,35459,35461,35463,35465],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,35456,125],{"class":124},[45,35458,109],{"class":59},[45,35460,34353],{"class":124},[45,35462,109],{"class":59},[45,35464,7656],{"class":105},[45,35466,1802],{"class":59},[45,35468,35469,35471,35473,35475,35477,35479],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,35470,1822],{"class":124},[45,35472,109],{"class":59},[45,35474,7656],{"class":105},[45,35476,102],{"class":59},[45,35478,34459],{"class":1831},[45,35480,118],{"class":59},[14,35482,35483],{},"And for modules:",[36,35485,35486],{"className":38,"code":35065,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,35487,35488,35494,35498],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35489,35490,35492],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35491,35072],{"class":969},[45,35493,35075],{"class":51},[45,35495,35496],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,35497,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,35499,35500,35502,35504,35506,35508,35510],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35501,125],{"class":124},[45,35503,109],{"class":59},[45,35505,34353],{"class":124},[45,35507,109],{"class":59},[45,35509,18402],{"class":105},[45,35511,1802],{"class":59},[14,35513,35514],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[36,35516,35518],{"className":38,"code":35517,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[18,35519,35520,35525,35537,35547,35561,35567],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35521,35522],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35523,35524],{"class":51},"python\n",[45,35526,35527,35529,35531,35533,35535],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,35528,7862],{"class":51},[45,35530,56],{"class":55},[45,35532,76],{"class":63},[45,35534,3839],{"class":67},[45,35536,1194],{"class":63},[45,35538,35539,35541,35543,35545],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35540,34353],{"class":124},[45,35542,109],{"class":59},[45,35544,7656],{"class":105},[45,35546,118],{"class":59},[45,35548,35549,35551,35553,35555,35557,35559],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,35550,1822],{"class":124},[45,35552,109],{"class":59},[45,35554,7656],{"class":105},[45,35556,102],{"class":59},[45,35558,34459],{"class":1831},[45,35560,118],{"class":59},[45,35562,35563,35565],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,35564,35072],{"class":969},[45,35566,35075],{"class":51},[45,35568,35569,35571,35573,35575],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,35570,34353],{"class":124},[45,35572,109],{"class":59},[45,35574,18402],{"class":105},[45,35576,118],{"class":59},[31,35578,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,35580,5133,35582,5136],{"id":35581},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[18,35583,34292],{},[14,35585,35586],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1864,35588,5170,35590,1301,35592,2485],{"id":35589},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[18,35591,34292],{},[18,35593,35008],{},[14,35595,35596,35598,35599,35601],{},[18,35597,34292],{}," lists available names. ",[18,35600,35008],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1864,35603,35605,35606,35608],{"id":35604},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[18,35607,34292],{}," output?",[14,35610,35611],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1864,35613,5160,35615,35617,35618,2485],{"id":35614},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[18,35616,34292],{}," help fix ",[18,35619,25654],{},[14,35621,35622,35623,102],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[364,35624,35625],{"href":35401},"object has no attribute",[31,35627,1909],{"id":1908},[157,35629,35630,35636,35641,35645,35649],{},[160,35631,35632],{},[364,35633,3569,35634,3502],{"href":35005},[18,35635,35008],{},[160,35637,35638],{},[364,35639,35640],{"href":35401},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[160,35642,35643],{},[364,35644,35132],{"href":35131},[160,35646,35647],{},[364,35648,35138],{"href":35137},[160,35650,35651],{},[364,35652,3569,35653,3502],{"href":34789},[18,35654,2297],{},[14,35656,35657,35658,35660,35661,35663],{},"A good habit is to use ",[18,35659,34292],{}," together with ",[18,35662,35008],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1936,35665,35666],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":35668},[35669,35670,35672,35677,35682,35684,35685,35691,35696,35703,35704,35714],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":34469,"depth":96,"text":35671},"What dir() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153,"children":35673},[35674,35676],{"id":34522,"depth":121,"text":35675},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34578,"depth":121,"text":34364},{"id":34646,"depth":96,"text":35678,"children":35679},"Using dir() with a value",[35680,35681],{"id":34658,"depth":121,"text":34659},{"id":34719,"depth":121,"text":34720},{"id":34798,"depth":96,"text":35683},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34898,"depth":96,"text":34899},{"id":35044,"depth":96,"text":35686,"children":35687},"dir() on modules",[35688,35690],{"id":35058,"depth":121,"text":35689},"Example: math module",{"id":35141,"depth":121,"text":35142},{"id":35191,"depth":96,"text":35692,"children":35693},"dir() vs help()",[35694,35695],{"id":34353,"depth":121,"text":34292},{"id":1822,"depth":121,"text":35008},{"id":25339,"depth":96,"text":25340,"children":35697},[35698,35700,35701,35702],{"id":35297,"depth":121,"text":35699},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35318,"depth":121,"text":35319},{"id":35328,"depth":121,"text":35329},{"id":35358,"depth":121,"text":35359},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":35705},[35706,35708,35710,35712],{"id":35581,"depth":121,"text":35707},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35589,"depth":121,"text":35709},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35604,"depth":121,"text":35711},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35614,"depth":121,"text":35713},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34284,"description":35715},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35722,"title":35723,"body":35724,"description":37540,"extension":1958,"meta":37541,"navigation":241,"path":37542,"seo":37543,"stem":37544,"__hash__":37545},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35725,"toc":37509},[35726,35732,35737,35740,35748,35754,35756,35835,35837,35863,35868,35873,35878,35881,35892,35895,35897,35976,35978,36004,36011,36013,36015,36040,36043,36056,36061,36063,36142,36144,36170,36179,36184,36192,36198,36205,36208,36210,36289,36292,36349,36351,36388,36394,36399,36404,36407,36421,36423,36526,36528,36571,36580,36590,36597,36603,36610,36693,36695,36718,36721,36724,36726,36730,36734,36737,36800,36822,36825,36829,36835,36837,36904,36907,36984,36989,36995,36998,37001,37047,37049,37073,37078,37082,37087,37093,37156,37159,37161,37164,37189,37192,37327,37329,37430,37432,37437,37440,37446,37456,37464,37469,37475,37481,37483,37506],[10,35727,3569,35729,3573],{"id":35728},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[18,35730,35731],{},"enumerate()",[14,35733,35734,35736],{},[18,35735,35731],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35738,35739],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[157,35741,35742,35745],{},[160,35743,35744],{},"the item itself",[160,35746,35747],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35749,35750,35751,35753],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[18,35752,35731],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[31,35755,34],{"id":33},[36,35757,35759],{"className":38,"code":35758,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,35760,35761,35793,35797,35820],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35762,35763,35765,35767,35769,35771,35773,35775,35777,35779,35781,35783,35785,35787,35789,35791],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35764,461],{"class":51},[45,35766,56],{"class":55},[45,35768,60],{"class":59},[45,35770,64],{"class":63},[45,35772,470],{"class":67},[45,35774,64],{"class":63},[45,35776,73],{"class":59},[45,35778,76],{"class":63},[45,35780,488],{"class":67},[45,35782,64],{"class":63},[45,35784,73],{"class":59},[45,35786,76],{"class":63},[45,35788,479],{"class":67},[45,35790,64],{"class":63},[45,35792,93],{"class":59},[45,35794,35795],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,35796,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,35798,35799,35801,35804,35806,35809,35811,35814,35816,35818],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35800,970],{"class":969},[45,35802,35803],{"class":51}," index",[45,35805,73],{"class":59},[45,35807,35808],{"class":51}," color ",[45,35810,976],{"class":969},[45,35812,35813],{"class":124}," enumerate",[45,35815,109],{"class":59},[45,35817,497],{"class":105},[45,35819,8327],{"class":59},[45,35821,35822,35824,35826,35828,35830,35833],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,35823,8055],{"class":124},[45,35825,109],{"class":59},[45,35827,1321],{"class":105},[45,35829,73],{"class":59},[45,35831,35832],{"class":105}," color",[45,35834,118],{"class":59},[14,35836,268],{},[36,35838,35840],{"className":38,"code":35839,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[18,35841,35842,35849,35856],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35843,35844,35846],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35845,2114],{"class":202},[45,35847,35848],{"class":51}," red\n",[45,35850,35851,35853],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,35852,203],{"class":202},[45,35854,35855],{"class":51}," green\n",[45,35857,35858,35860],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35859,234],{"class":202},[45,35861,35862],{"class":51}," blue\n",[14,35864,141,35865,35867],{},[18,35866,35731],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[31,35869,3671,35871,3674],{"id":35870},"what-enumerate-does",[18,35872,35731],{},[14,35874,35875,35877],{},[18,35876,35731],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,35879,35880],{},"It is commonly used with:",[157,35882,35883,35885,35887,35889],{},[160,35884,5291],{},[160,35886,5294],{},[160,35888,5300],{},[160,35890,35891],{},"other iterable objects",[14,35893,35894],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,35896,345],{},[36,35898,35900],{"className":38,"code":35899,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[18,35901,35902,35936,35940,35961],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35903,35904,35906,35908,35910,35912,35914,35916,35918,35920,35923,35925,35927,35929,35932,35934],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35905,4986],{"class":51},[45,35907,56],{"class":55},[45,35909,60],{"class":59},[45,35911,64],{"class":63},[45,35913,12867],{"class":67},[45,35915,64],{"class":63},[45,35917,73],{"class":59},[45,35919,76],{"class":63},[45,35921,35922],{"class":67},"Ben",[45,35924,64],{"class":63},[45,35926,73],{"class":59},[45,35928,76],{"class":63},[45,35930,35931],{"class":67},"Cara",[45,35933,64],{"class":63},[45,35935,93],{"class":59},[45,35937,35938],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,35939,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,35941,35942,35944,35946,35948,35951,35953,35955,35957,35959],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35943,970],{"class":969},[45,35945,35803],{"class":51},[45,35947,73],{"class":59},[45,35949,35950],{"class":51}," name ",[45,35952,976],{"class":969},[45,35954,35813],{"class":124},[45,35956,109],{"class":59},[45,35958,5030],{"class":105},[45,35960,8327],{"class":59},[45,35962,35963,35965,35967,35969,35971,35974],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,35964,8055],{"class":124},[45,35966,109],{"class":59},[45,35968,1321],{"class":105},[45,35970,73],{"class":59},[45,35972,35973],{"class":105}," name",[45,35975,118],{"class":59},[14,35977,268],{},[36,35979,35981],{"className":38,"code":35980,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[18,35982,35983,35990,35997],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35984,35985,35987],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35986,2114],{"class":202},[45,35988,35989],{"class":51}," Ana\n",[45,35991,35992,35994],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,35993,203],{"class":202},[45,35995,35996],{"class":51}," Ben\n",[45,35998,35999,36001],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36000,234],{"class":202},[45,36002,36003],{"class":51}," Cara\n",[14,36005,36006,36007,102],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[364,36008,36010],{"href":36009},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[31,36012,2153],{"id":2152},[14,36014,2156],{},[36,36016,36018],{"className":38,"code":36017,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,36019,36020],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36021,36022,36025,36027,36029,36031,36034,36036,36038],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36023,36024],{"class":124},"enumerate",[45,36026,109],{"class":59},[45,36028,3714],{"class":105},[45,36030,73],{"class":59},[45,36032,36033],{"class":9161}," start",[45,36035,56],{"class":55},[45,36037,2114],{"class":202},[45,36039,118],{"class":59},[14,36041,36042],{},"It has two parts:",[157,36044,36045,36050],{},[160,36046,36047,36049],{},[18,36048,3714],{},": the object you want to loop through",[160,36051,36052,36055],{},[18,36053,36054],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,36057,36058,36059,102],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[18,36060,2114],{},[14,36062,345],{},[36,36064,36066],{"className":38,"code":36065,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[18,36067,36068,36100,36104,36126],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36069,36070,36072,36074,36076,36078,36080,36082,36084,36086,36088,36090,36092,36094,36096,36098],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36071,355],{"class":51},[45,36073,56],{"class":55},[45,36075,60],{"class":59},[45,36077,64],{"class":63},[45,36079,364],{"class":67},[45,36081,64],{"class":63},[45,36083,73],{"class":59},[45,36085,76],{"class":63},[45,36087,373],{"class":67},[45,36089,64],{"class":63},[45,36091,73],{"class":59},[45,36093,76],{"class":63},[45,36095,382],{"class":67},[45,36097,64],{"class":63},[45,36099,93],{"class":59},[45,36101,36102],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,36103,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,36105,36106,36108,36111,36113,36116,36118,36120,36122,36124],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36107,970],{"class":969},[45,36109,36110],{"class":51}," i",[45,36112,73],{"class":59},[45,36114,36115],{"class":51}," letter ",[45,36117,976],{"class":969},[45,36119,35813],{"class":124},[45,36121,109],{"class":59},[45,36123,391],{"class":105},[45,36125,8327],{"class":59},[45,36127,36128,36130,36132,36135,36137,36140],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,36129,8055],{"class":124},[45,36131,109],{"class":59},[45,36133,36134],{"class":105},"i",[45,36136,73],{"class":59},[45,36138,36139],{"class":105}," letter",[45,36141,118],{"class":59},[14,36143,268],{},[36,36145,36147],{"className":38,"code":36146,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[18,36148,36149,36156,36163],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36150,36151,36153],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36152,2114],{"class":202},[45,36154,36155],{"class":51}," a\n",[45,36157,36158,36160],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,36159,203],{"class":202},[45,36161,36162],{"class":51}," b\n",[45,36164,36165,36167],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36166,234],{"class":202},[45,36168,36169],{"class":51}," c\n",[14,36171,36172,36173,102],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[364,36174,3569,36176,3502],{"href":36175},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[18,36177,36178],{},"range()",[31,36180,3671,36182,11694],{"id":36181},"what-enumerate-returns",[18,36183,35731],{},[14,36185,36186,36188,36189,102],{},[18,36187,35731],{}," returns an ",[26,36190,36191],{},"enumerate object",[14,36193,36194,36195,36197],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[18,36196,970],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[157,36199,36200],{},[160,36201,36202],{},[18,36203,36204],{},"(index, item)",[14,36206,36207],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36209,345],{},[36,36211,36213],{"className":38,"code":36212,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[18,36214,36215,36248,36252,36274],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36216,36217,36220,36222,36224,36226,36228,36230,36232,36234,36236,36238,36240,36242,36244,36246],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36218,36219],{"class":51},"fruits ",[45,36221,56],{"class":55},[45,36223,60],{"class":59},[45,36225,64],{"class":63},[45,36227,68],{"class":67},[45,36229,64],{"class":63},[45,36231,73],{"class":59},[45,36233,76],{"class":63},[45,36235,79],{"class":67},[45,36237,64],{"class":63},[45,36239,73],{"class":59},[45,36241,76],{"class":63},[45,36243,88],{"class":67},[45,36245,64],{"class":63},[45,36247,93],{"class":59},[45,36249,36250],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,36251,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,36253,36254,36256,36258,36260,36263,36265,36267,36269,36272],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36255,970],{"class":969},[45,36257,35803],{"class":51},[45,36259,73],{"class":59},[45,36261,36262],{"class":51}," fruit ",[45,36264,976],{"class":969},[45,36266,35813],{"class":124},[45,36268,109],{"class":59},[45,36270,36271],{"class":105},"fruits",[45,36273,8327],{"class":59},[45,36275,36276,36278,36280,36282,36284,36287],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,36277,8055],{"class":124},[45,36279,109],{"class":59},[45,36281,1321],{"class":105},[45,36283,73],{"class":59},[45,36285,36286],{"class":105}," fruit",[45,36288,118],{"class":59},[14,36290,36291],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[36,36293,36295],{"className":38,"code":36294,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,36296,36297,36317,36321,36339],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36298,36299,36301,36303,36305,36307,36309,36311,36313,36315],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36300,195],{"class":51},[45,36302,56],{"class":55},[45,36304,60],{"class":59},[45,36306,585],{"class":202},[45,36308,73],{"class":59},[45,36310,590],{"class":202},[45,36312,73],{"class":59},[45,36314,595],{"class":202},[45,36316,93],{"class":59},[45,36318,36319],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,36320,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,36322,36323,36325,36327,36329,36331,36333,36335,36337],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36324,220],{"class":51},[45,36326,56],{"class":55},[45,36328,1114],{"class":315},[45,36330,109],{"class":59},[45,36332,36024],{"class":124},[45,36334,109],{"class":59},[45,36336,251],{"class":105},[45,36338,1802],{"class":59},[45,36340,36341,36343,36345,36347],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,36342,125],{"class":124},[45,36344,109],{"class":59},[45,36346,263],{"class":105},[45,36348,118],{"class":59},[14,36350,268],{},[36,36352,36354],{"className":38,"code":36353,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[18,36355,36356],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36357,36358,36360,36362,36364,36366,36368,36370,36372,36374,36376,36378,36380,36382,36384,36386],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36359,21724],{"class":59},[45,36361,2114],{"class":202},[45,36363,73],{"class":59},[45,36365,5991],{"class":202},[45,36367,9219],{"class":59},[45,36369,9222],{"class":59},[45,36371,203],{"class":202},[45,36373,73],{"class":59},[45,36375,590],{"class":202},[45,36377,9219],{"class":59},[45,36379,9222],{"class":59},[45,36381,234],{"class":202},[45,36383,73],{"class":59},[45,36385,595],{"class":202},[45,36387,9235],{"class":59},[14,36389,36390,36391,36393],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[18,36392,35731],{}," produces.",[31,36395,4952,36397],{"id":36396},"when-to-use-enumerate",[18,36398,35731],{},[14,36400,141,36401,36403],{},[18,36402,35731],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36405,36406],{},"Common cases:",[157,36408,36409,36412,36415,36418],{},[160,36410,36411],{},"printing numbered output",[160,36413,36414],{},"building menus",[160,36416,36417],{},"showing positions in a list",[160,36419,36420],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36422,345],{},[36,36424,36426],{"className":38,"code":36425,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[18,36427,36428,36463,36467,36497],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36429,36430,36432,36434,36436,36438,36441,36443,36445,36447,36450,36452,36454,36456,36459,36461],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36431,29879],{"class":51},[45,36433,56],{"class":55},[45,36435,60],{"class":59},[45,36437,64],{"class":63},[45,36439,36440],{"class":67},"Wash dishes",[45,36442,64],{"class":63},[45,36444,73],{"class":59},[45,36446,76],{"class":63},[45,36448,36449],{"class":67},"Study Python",[45,36451,64],{"class":63},[45,36453,73],{"class":59},[45,36455,76],{"class":63},[45,36457,36458],{"class":67},"Go for a walk",[45,36460,64],{"class":63},[45,36462,93],{"class":59},[45,36464,36465],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,36466,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,36468,36469,36471,36473,36475,36478,36480,36482,36484,36487,36489,36491,36493,36495],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36470,970],{"class":969},[45,36472,2193],{"class":51},[45,36474,73],{"class":59},[45,36476,36477],{"class":51}," task ",[45,36479,976],{"class":969},[45,36481,35813],{"class":124},[45,36483,109],{"class":59},[45,36485,36486],{"class":105},"tasks",[45,36488,73],{"class":59},[45,36490,36033],{"class":9161},[45,36492,56],{"class":55},[45,36494,203],{"class":202},[45,36496,8327],{"class":59},[45,36498,36499,36501,36503,36505,36507,36509,36511,36513,36515,36517,36520,36522,36524],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,36500,8055],{"class":124},[45,36502,109],{"class":59},[45,36504,22278],{"class":2059},[45,36506,64],{"class":67},[45,36508,9264],{"class":202},[45,36510,2235],{"class":105},[45,36512,22287],{"class":202},[45,36514,28295],{"class":67},[45,36516,9264],{"class":202},[45,36518,36519],{"class":105},"task",[45,36521,22287],{"class":202},[45,36523,64],{"class":67},[45,36525,118],{"class":59},[14,36527,268],{},[36,36529,36531],{"className":38,"code":36530,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[18,36532,36533,36545,36557],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36534,36535,36537,36539,36542],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36536,203],{"class":202},[45,36538,102],{"class":59},[45,36540,36541],{"class":1831}," Wash",[45,36543,36544],{"class":51}," dishes\n",[45,36546,36547,36549,36551,36554],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,36548,234],{"class":202},[45,36550,102],{"class":59},[45,36552,36553],{"class":1831}," Study",[45,36555,36556],{"class":51}," Python\n",[45,36558,36559,36561,36563,36566,36568],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36560,2056],{"class":202},[45,36562,102],{"class":59},[45,36564,36565],{"class":1831}," Go",[45,36567,3870],{"class":969},[45,36569,36570],{"class":51}," a walk\n",[14,36572,36573,36574,36576,36577,102],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[18,36575,35731],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[18,36578,36579],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36581,36582,36583,102],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[364,36584,36586,36587,36589],{"href":36585},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[18,36588,35731],{}," in Python",[31,36591,36593,36594,36596],{"id":36592},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[18,36595,36054],{}," argument",[14,36598,36599,36600,36602],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[18,36601,36054],{}," argument.",[14,36604,36605,36606,11080,36608,1111],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[18,36607,203],{},[18,36609,2114],{},[36,36611,36613],{"className":38,"code":36612,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,36614,36615,36647,36651,36679],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36616,36617,36619,36621,36623,36625,36627,36629,36631,36633,36635,36637,36639,36641,36643,36645],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36618,461],{"class":51},[45,36620,56],{"class":55},[45,36622,60],{"class":59},[45,36624,64],{"class":63},[45,36626,470],{"class":67},[45,36628,64],{"class":63},[45,36630,73],{"class":59},[45,36632,76],{"class":63},[45,36634,488],{"class":67},[45,36636,64],{"class":63},[45,36638,73],{"class":59},[45,36640,76],{"class":63},[45,36642,479],{"class":67},[45,36644,64],{"class":63},[45,36646,93],{"class":59},[45,36648,36649],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,36650,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,36652,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663,36665,36667,36669,36671,36673,36675,36677],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36654,970],{"class":969},[45,36656,35803],{"class":51},[45,36658,73],{"class":59},[45,36660,35808],{"class":51},[45,36662,976],{"class":969},[45,36664,35813],{"class":124},[45,36666,109],{"class":59},[45,36668,497],{"class":105},[45,36670,73],{"class":59},[45,36672,36033],{"class":9161},[45,36674,56],{"class":55},[45,36676,203],{"class":202},[45,36678,8327],{"class":59},[45,36680,36681,36683,36685,36687,36689,36691],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,36682,8055],{"class":124},[45,36684,109],{"class":59},[45,36686,1321],{"class":105},[45,36688,73],{"class":59},[45,36690,35832],{"class":105},[45,36692,118],{"class":59},[14,36694,268],{},[36,36696,36698],{"className":38,"code":36697,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[18,36699,36700,36706,36712],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36701,36702,36704],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36703,203],{"class":202},[45,36705,35848],{"class":51},[45,36707,36708,36710],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,36709,234],{"class":202},[45,36711,35855],{"class":51},[45,36713,36714,36716],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36715,2056],{"class":202},[45,36717,35862],{"class":51},[14,36719,36720],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36722,36723],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[31,36725,25340],{"id":25339},[14,36727,25343,36728,102],{},[18,36729,35731],{},[1864,36731,36733],{"id":36732},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36735,36736],{},"In this loop:",[36,36738,36740],{"className":38,"code":36739,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[18,36741,36742,36762,36766,36786],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36743,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36758,36760],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36745,195],{"class":51},[45,36747,56],{"class":55},[45,36749,60],{"class":59},[45,36751,585],{"class":202},[45,36753,73],{"class":59},[45,36755,590],{"class":202},[45,36757,73],{"class":59},[45,36759,595],{"class":202},[45,36761,93],{"class":59},[45,36763,36764],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,36765,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,36767,36768,36770,36772,36774,36776,36778,36780,36782,36784],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36769,970],{"class":969},[45,36771,35803],{"class":51},[45,36773,73],{"class":59},[45,36775,1205],{"class":51},[45,36777,976],{"class":969},[45,36779,35813],{"class":124},[45,36781,109],{"class":59},[45,36783,251],{"class":105},[45,36785,8327],{"class":59},[45,36787,36788,36790,36792,36794,36796,36798],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,36789,8055],{"class":124},[45,36791,109],{"class":59},[45,36793,1321],{"class":105},[45,36795,73],{"class":59},[45,36797,8417],{"class":105},[45,36799,118],{"class":59},[157,36801,36802,36812],{},[160,36803,36804,4774,36806,2185,36808,2185,36810],{},[18,36805,1321],{},[18,36807,2114],{},[18,36809,203],{},[18,36811,234],{},[160,36813,36814,4774,36816,2185,36818,2185,36820],{},[18,36815,28],{},[18,36817,585],{},[18,36819,15741],{},[18,36821,616],{},[14,36823,36824],{},"These are different things.",[1864,36826,36828],{"id":36827},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,36830,36831,36832,36834],{},"Each item from ",[18,36833,35731],{}," is a pair.",[14,36836,6675],{},[36,36838,36840],{"className":38,"code":36839,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[18,36841,36842,36866,36870,36890],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36843,36844,36846,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858,36860,36862,36864],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36845,52],{"class":51},[45,36847,56],{"class":55},[45,36849,60],{"class":59},[45,36851,64],{"class":63},[45,36853,1123],{"class":67},[45,36855,64],{"class":63},[45,36857,73],{"class":59},[45,36859,76],{"class":63},[45,36861,11734],{"class":67},[45,36863,64],{"class":63},[45,36865,93],{"class":59},[45,36867,36868],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,36869,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,36871,36872,36874,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36873,970],{"class":969},[45,36875,36110],{"class":51},[45,36877,73],{"class":59},[45,36879,973],{"class":51},[45,36881,976],{"class":969},[45,36883,35813],{"class":124},[45,36885,109],{"class":59},[45,36887,99],{"class":105},[45,36889,8327],{"class":59},[45,36891,36892,36894,36896,36898,36900,36902],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,36893,8055],{"class":124},[45,36895,109],{"class":59},[45,36897,36134],{"class":105},[45,36899,73],{"class":59},[45,36901,29488],{"class":105},[45,36903,118],{"class":59},[14,36905,36906],{},"But this causes an error:",[36,36908,36910],{"className":38,"code":36909,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[18,36911,36912,36936,36940,36965],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36913,36914,36916,36918,36920,36922,36924,36926,36928,36930,36932,36934],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36915,52],{"class":51},[45,36917,56],{"class":55},[45,36919,60],{"class":59},[45,36921,64],{"class":63},[45,36923,1123],{"class":67},[45,36925,64],{"class":63},[45,36927,73],{"class":59},[45,36929,76],{"class":63},[45,36931,11734],{"class":67},[45,36933,64],{"class":63},[45,36935,93],{"class":59},[45,36937,36938],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,36939,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,36941,36942,36944,36946,36948,36950,36952,36955,36957,36959,36961,36963],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36943,970],{"class":969},[45,36945,36110],{"class":51},[45,36947,73],{"class":59},[45,36949,29488],{"class":51},[45,36951,73],{"class":59},[45,36953,36954],{"class":51}," extra ",[45,36956,976],{"class":969},[45,36958,35813],{"class":124},[45,36960,109],{"class":59},[45,36962,99],{"class":105},[45,36964,8327],{"class":59},[45,36966,36967,36969,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979,36982],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,36968,8055],{"class":124},[45,36970,109],{"class":59},[45,36972,36134],{"class":105},[45,36974,73],{"class":59},[45,36976,29488],{"class":105},[45,36978,73],{"class":59},[45,36980,36981],{"class":105}," extra",[45,36983,118],{"class":59},[14,36985,29042,36986,36988],{},[18,36987,35731],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1864,36990,36992,36994],{"id":36991},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[18,36993,35731],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,36996,36997],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,36999,37000],{},"Example with a string:",[36,37002,37004],{"className":38,"code":37003,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[18,37005,37006,37032],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37007,37008,37010,37012,37014,37017,37019,37021,37023,37025,37028,37030],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37009,970],{"class":969},[45,37011,35803],{"class":51},[45,37013,73],{"class":59},[45,37015,37016],{"class":51}," char ",[45,37018,976],{"class":969},[45,37020,35813],{"class":124},[45,37022,109],{"class":59},[45,37024,64],{"class":63},[45,37026,37027],{"class":67},"cat",[45,37029,64],{"class":63},[45,37031,8327],{"class":59},[45,37033,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37045],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,37035,8055],{"class":124},[45,37037,109],{"class":59},[45,37039,1321],{"class":105},[45,37041,73],{"class":59},[45,37043,37044],{"class":105}," char",[45,37046,118],{"class":59},[14,37048,268],{},[36,37050,37052],{"className":38,"code":37051,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[18,37053,37054,37060,37066],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37055,37056,37058],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37057,2114],{"class":202},[45,37059,36169],{"class":51},[45,37061,37062,37064],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,37063,203],{"class":202},[45,37065,36155],{"class":51},[45,37067,37068,37070],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,37069,234],{"class":202},[45,37071,37072],{"class":51}," t\n",[14,37074,37075,37076,102],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[364,37077,5127],{"href":5577},[1864,37079,37081],{"id":37080},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,37083,37084,37085,102],{},"You do not always need ",[18,37086,35731],{},[14,37088,37089,37090,37092],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[18,37091,970],{}," loop:",[36,37094,37096],{"className":38,"code":37095,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[18,37097,37098,37130,37134,37146],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37099,37100,37102,37104,37106,37108,37110,37112,37114,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37126,37128],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37101,461],{"class":51},[45,37103,56],{"class":55},[45,37105,60],{"class":59},[45,37107,64],{"class":63},[45,37109,470],{"class":67},[45,37111,64],{"class":63},[45,37113,73],{"class":59},[45,37115,76],{"class":63},[45,37117,488],{"class":67},[45,37119,64],{"class":63},[45,37121,73],{"class":59},[45,37123,76],{"class":63},[45,37125,479],{"class":67},[45,37127,64],{"class":63},[45,37129,93],{"class":59},[45,37131,37132],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,37133,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,37135,37136,37138,37140,37142,37144],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,37137,970],{"class":969},[45,37139,35808],{"class":51},[45,37141,976],{"class":969},[45,37143,13108],{"class":51},[45,37145,1213],{"class":59},[45,37147,37148,37150,37152,37154],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,37149,8055],{"class":124},[45,37151,109],{"class":59},[45,37153,32872],{"class":105},[45,37155,118],{"class":59},[14,37157,37158],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[31,37160,1709],{"id":1708},[14,37162,37163],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[157,37165,37166,37171,37177,37182],{},[160,37167,23083,37168,37170],{},[18,37169,35731],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[160,37172,37173,37174,37176],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[18,37175,2114],{}," by default",[160,37178,1736,37179,37181],{},[18,37180,35731],{}," when only values are needed",[160,37183,37184,37185,8689,37187],{},"Confusing ",[18,37186,35731],{},[18,37188,36178],{},[14,37190,37191],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[36,37193,37195],{"className":38,"code":37194,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[18,37196,37197,37219,37246,37280,37313],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37198,37199,37201,37203,37205,37207,37209,37211,37213,37215,37217],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37200,125],{"class":124},[45,37202,109],{"class":59},[45,37204,36024],{"class":124},[45,37206,2979],{"class":59},[45,37208,585],{"class":202},[45,37210,73],{"class":59},[45,37212,590],{"class":202},[45,37214,73],{"class":59},[45,37216,595],{"class":202},[45,37218,2992],{"class":59},[45,37220,37221,37223,37225,37227,37229,37231,37233,37235,37237,37239,37241,37243],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,37222,125],{"class":124},[45,37224,109],{"class":59},[45,37226,316],{"class":315},[45,37228,109],{"class":59},[45,37230,36024],{"class":124},[45,37232,2979],{"class":59},[45,37234,585],{"class":202},[45,37236,73],{"class":59},[45,37238,590],{"class":202},[45,37240,73],{"class":59},[45,37242,595],{"class":202},[45,37244,37245],{"class":59},"])))\n",[45,37247,37248,37250,37252,37254,37256,37258,37260,37262,37264,37266,37268,37270,37272,37274,37276,37278],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,37249,125],{"class":124},[45,37251,109],{"class":59},[45,37253,316],{"class":315},[45,37255,109],{"class":59},[45,37257,36024],{"class":124},[45,37259,2979],{"class":59},[45,37261,585],{"class":202},[45,37263,73],{"class":59},[45,37265,590],{"class":202},[45,37267,73],{"class":59},[45,37269,595],{"class":202},[45,37271,18047],{"class":59},[45,37273,36033],{"class":9161},[45,37275,56],{"class":55},[45,37277,203],{"class":202},[45,37279,2905],{"class":59},[45,37281,37282,37284,37286,37288,37290,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308,37310],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,37283,970],{"class":969},[45,37285,36110],{"class":51},[45,37287,73],{"class":59},[45,37289,1205],{"class":51},[45,37291,976],{"class":969},[45,37293,35813],{"class":124},[45,37295,2979],{"class":59},[45,37297,429],{"class":63},[45,37299,364],{"class":67},[45,37301,429],{"class":63},[45,37303,73],{"class":59},[45,37305,438],{"class":63},[45,37307,373],{"class":67},[45,37309,429],{"class":63},[45,37311,37312],{"class":59},"]):\n",[45,37314,37315,37317,37319,37321,37323,37325],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,37316,8055],{"class":124},[45,37318,109],{"class":59},[45,37320,36134],{"class":105},[45,37322,73],{"class":59},[45,37324,8417],{"class":105},[45,37326,118],{"class":59},[14,37328,16944],{},[36,37330,37332],{"className":38,"code":37331,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[18,37333,37334,37354,37386,37418,37424],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37335,37336,37338,37340,37342,37345,37349,37352],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37337,3284],{"class":55},[45,37339,36024],{"class":124},[45,37341,24600],{"class":315},[45,37343,37344],{"class":51}," at ",[45,37346,37348],{"class":37347},"srjyR","0x",[45,37350,37351],{"class":34434},"...",[45,37353,3296],{"class":55},[45,37355,37356,37358,37360,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,37357,21724],{"class":59},[45,37359,2114],{"class":202},[45,37361,73],{"class":59},[45,37363,5991],{"class":202},[45,37365,9219],{"class":59},[45,37367,9222],{"class":59},[45,37369,203],{"class":202},[45,37371,73],{"class":59},[45,37373,590],{"class":202},[45,37375,9219],{"class":59},[45,37377,9222],{"class":59},[45,37379,234],{"class":202},[45,37381,73],{"class":59},[45,37383,595],{"class":202},[45,37385,9235],{"class":59},[45,37387,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400,37402,37404,37406,37408,37410,37412,37414,37416],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,37389,21724],{"class":59},[45,37391,203],{"class":202},[45,37393,73],{"class":59},[45,37395,5991],{"class":202},[45,37397,9219],{"class":59},[45,37399,9222],{"class":59},[45,37401,234],{"class":202},[45,37403,73],{"class":59},[45,37405,590],{"class":202},[45,37407,9219],{"class":59},[45,37409,9222],{"class":59},[45,37411,2056],{"class":202},[45,37413,73],{"class":59},[45,37415,595],{"class":202},[45,37417,9235],{"class":59},[45,37419,37420,37422],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,37421,2114],{"class":202},[45,37423,36155],{"class":51},[45,37425,37426,37428],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,37427,203],{"class":202},[45,37429,36162],{"class":51},[31,37431,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,37433,5133,37435,5136],{"id":37434},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[18,37436,35731],{},[14,37438,37439],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1864,37441,175,37443,37445],{"id":37442},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[18,37444,35731],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37447,37448,37449,37451,37452,37455],{},"It starts at ",[18,37450,2114],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[18,37453,37454],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1864,37457,21405,37459,11080,37461,2485],{"id":37458},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[18,37460,35731],{},[18,37462,37463],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37465,36573,37466,37468],{},[18,37467,35731],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1864,37470,5160,37472,37474],{"id":37471},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[18,37473,35731],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37476,37477,37478,37480],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[18,37479,35731],{}," can return each character with its index.",[31,37482,1909],{"id":1908},[157,37484,37485,37489,37495,37502],{},[160,37486,37487],{},[364,37488,36010],{"href":36009},[160,37490,37491],{},[364,37492,3569,37493,3502],{"href":36175},[18,37494,36178],{},[160,37496,37497],{},[364,37498,37499,37500,36589],{"href":36585},"How to use ",[18,37501,35731],{},[160,37503,37504],{},[364,37505,5207],{"href":5577},[1936,37507,37508],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":37510},[37511,37512,37514,37515,37517,37519,37521,37528,37529,37539],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":35870,"depth":96,"text":37513},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":36181,"depth":96,"text":37516},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36396,"depth":96,"text":37518},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36592,"depth":96,"text":37520},"Using the start argument",{"id":25339,"depth":96,"text":25340,"children":37522},[37523,37524,37525,37527],{"id":36732,"depth":121,"text":36733},{"id":36827,"depth":121,"text":36828},{"id":36991,"depth":121,"text":37526},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37080,"depth":121,"text":37081},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":37530},[37531,37533,37535,37537],{"id":37434,"depth":121,"text":37532},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37442,"depth":121,"text":37534},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37458,"depth":121,"text":37536},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37471,"depth":121,"text":37538},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35723,"description":37540},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37547,"title":37548,"body":37549,"description":40065,"extension":1958,"meta":40066,"navigation":241,"path":40067,"seo":40068,"stem":40069,"__hash__":40070},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37550,"toc":40022},[37551,37557,37562,37565,37573,37587,37589,37680,37688,37693,37698,37700,37716,37718,37797,37799,37816,37822,37826,37828,37849,37853,37856,37868,37872,37875,37878,37895,37898,37974,37976,37993,37998,38002,38010,38013,38028,38030,38119,38121,38166,38169,38173,38176,38255,38257,38279,38282,38289,38294,38297,38400,38402,38427,38430,38437,38443,38448,38451,38462,38568,38570,38591,38599,38606,38612,38631,38636,38639,38658,38660,38745,38747,38776,38779,38784,38789,38792,38803,38805,38894,38896,38916,38922,39028,39030,39050,39053,39137,39139,39159,39166,39168,39172,39178,39181,39238,39241,39244,39305,39314,39317,39320,39348,39351,39411,39413,39430,39434,39437,39515,39517,39537,39540,39615,39619,39622,39624,39633,39638,39640,39691,39699,39711,39716,39777,39779,39796,39800,39863,39865,39890,39898,39900,39906,39912,39919,39927,39933,39936,39943,39953,39959,39965,39968,39985,39991,39993,40019],[10,37552,3569,37554,3573],{"id":37553},"python-filter-function-explained",[18,37555,37556],{},"filter()",[14,37558,37559,37561],{},[18,37560,37556],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37563,37564],{},"It takes:",[157,37566,37567,37570],{},[160,37568,37569],{},"a function that checks each item",[160,37571,37572],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37574,37575,37576,37579,37580,37583,37584,37586],{},"The result is ",[26,37577,37578],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[18,37581,37582],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[18,37585,24763],{}," to see the values.",[31,37588,34],{"id":33},[36,37590,37592],{"className":38,"code":37591,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[18,37593,37594,37627,37663],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37595,37596,37598,37600,37602,37604,37606,37608,37610,37612,37614,37616,37618,37620,37622,37625],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37597,195],{"class":51},[45,37599,56],{"class":55},[45,37601,60],{"class":59},[45,37603,203],{"class":202},[45,37605,73],{"class":59},[45,37607,208],{"class":202},[45,37609,73],{"class":59},[45,37611,213],{"class":202},[45,37613,73],{"class":59},[45,37615,2450],{"class":202},[45,37617,73],{"class":59},[45,37619,4596],{"class":202},[45,37621,73],{"class":59},[45,37623,37624],{"class":202}," 6",[45,37626,93],{"class":59},[45,37628,37629,37631,37633,37636,37638,37641,37645,37647,37649,37651,37653,37655,37657,37659,37661],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,37630,220],{"class":51},[45,37632,56],{"class":55},[45,37634,37635],{"class":124}," filter",[45,37637,109],{"class":59},[45,37639,37640],{"class":2059},"lambda",[45,37642,37644],{"class":37643},"sFwrP"," x",[45,37646,1111],{"class":59},[45,37648,1129],{"class":105},[45,37650,6390],{"class":55},[45,37652,208],{"class":202},[45,37654,6395],{"class":55},[45,37656,3827],{"class":202},[45,37658,73],{"class":59},[45,37660,225],{"class":105},[45,37662,118],{"class":59},[45,37664,37665,37667,37669,37671,37673,37675,37677],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,37666,125],{"class":124},[45,37668,109],{"class":59},[45,37670,316],{"class":315},[45,37672,109],{"class":59},[45,37674,263],{"class":105},[45,37676,5353],{"class":59},[45,37678,37679],{"class":137},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37681,37682,37684,37685,37687],{},[18,37683,37556],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[18,37686,24763],{}," to see the results.",[31,37689,3671,37691,3674],{"id":37690},"what-filter-does",[18,37692,37556],{},[14,37694,37695,37697],{},[18,37696,37556],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37699,2101],{},[157,37701,37702,37705,37711],{},[160,37703,37704],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[160,37706,37707,37708,37710],{},"if the test returns ",[18,37709,3598],{},", the item is kept",[160,37712,37707,37713,37715],{},[18,37714,3667],{},", the item is removed",[14,37717,345],{},[36,37719,37721],{"className":38,"code":37720,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37722,37723,37751,37755,37783],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37724,37725,37727,37729,37731,37733,37735,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37726,195],{"class":51},[45,37728,56],{"class":55},[45,37730,60],{"class":59},[45,37732,203],{"class":202},[45,37734,73],{"class":59},[45,37736,208],{"class":202},[45,37738,73],{"class":59},[45,37740,213],{"class":202},[45,37742,73],{"class":59},[45,37744,2450],{"class":202},[45,37746,73],{"class":59},[45,37748,4596],{"class":202},[45,37750,93],{"class":59},[45,37752,37753],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,37754,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,37756,37757,37759,37761,37763,37765,37767,37769,37771,37773,37775,37777,37779,37781],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,37758,220],{"class":51},[45,37760,56],{"class":55},[45,37762,37635],{"class":124},[45,37764,109],{"class":59},[45,37766,37640],{"class":2059},[45,37768,37644],{"class":37643},[45,37770,1111],{"class":59},[45,37772,1129],{"class":105},[45,37774,4243],{"class":55},[45,37776,213],{"class":202},[45,37778,73],{"class":59},[45,37780,225],{"class":105},[45,37782,118],{"class":59},[45,37784,37785,37787,37789,37791,37793,37795],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,37786,125],{"class":124},[45,37788,109],{"class":59},[45,37790,316],{"class":315},[45,37792,109],{"class":59},[45,37794,263],{"class":105},[45,37796,1802],{"class":59},[14,37798,268],{},[36,37800,37802],{"className":38,"code":37801,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[4, 5]\n",[18,37803,37804],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37805,37806,37808,37810,37812,37814],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37807,278],{"class":59},[45,37809,2498],{"class":202},[45,37811,73],{"class":59},[45,37813,4596],{"class":202},[45,37815,93],{"class":59},[14,37817,37818,37819,37821],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[18,37820,2056],{}," are kept.",[31,37823,37825],{"id":37824},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,37827,2156],{},[36,37829,37831],{"className":38,"code":37830,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[18,37832,37833],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37834,37835,37837,37839,37842,37844,37847],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37836,37582],{"class":124},[45,37838,109],{"class":59},[45,37840,37841],{"class":105},"function",[45,37843,73],{"class":59},[45,37845,37846],{"class":105}," iterable",[45,37848,118],{"class":59},[1864,37850,37851],{"id":37841},[18,37852,37841],{},[14,37854,37855],{},"This is the test function.",[157,37857,37858,37861],{},[160,37859,37860],{},"It receives one item at a time",[160,37862,37863,37864,1742,37866],{},"It should return ",[18,37865,3598],{},[18,37867,3667],{},[1864,37869,37870],{"id":3714},[18,37871,3714],{},[14,37873,37874],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,37876,37877],{},"It can be:",[157,37879,37880,37883,37886,37889,37892],{},[160,37881,37882],{},"a list",[160,37884,37885],{},"a tuple",[160,37887,37888],{},"a string",[160,37890,37891],{},"a set",[160,37893,37894],{},"another iterable object",[14,37896,37897],{},"Example with a tuple:",[36,37899,37901],{"className":38,"code":37900,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37902,37903,37928,37932,37960],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37904,37905,37907,37909,37911,37913,37915,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37906,195],{"class":51},[45,37908,56],{"class":55},[45,37910,9222],{"class":59},[45,37912,585],{"class":202},[45,37914,73],{"class":59},[45,37916,37917],{"class":202}," 15",[45,37919,73],{"class":59},[45,37921,590],{"class":202},[45,37923,73],{"class":59},[45,37925,9292],{"class":202},[45,37927,118],{"class":59},[45,37929,37930],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,37931,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,37933,37934,37936,37938,37940,37942,37944,37946,37948,37950,37952,37954,37956,37958],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,37935,220],{"class":51},[45,37937,56],{"class":55},[45,37939,37635],{"class":124},[45,37941,109],{"class":59},[45,37943,37640],{"class":2059},[45,37945,37644],{"class":37643},[45,37947,1111],{"class":59},[45,37949,1129],{"class":105},[45,37951,5089],{"class":55},[45,37953,590],{"class":202},[45,37955,73],{"class":59},[45,37957,225],{"class":105},[45,37959,118],{"class":59},[45,37961,37962,37964,37966,37968,37970,37972],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,37963,125],{"class":124},[45,37965,109],{"class":59},[45,37967,316],{"class":315},[45,37969,109],{"class":59},[45,37971,263],{"class":105},[45,37973,1802],{"class":59},[14,37975,268],{},[36,37977,37979],{"className":38,"code":37978,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[20, 25]\n",[18,37980,37981],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37982,37983,37985,37987,37989,37991],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37984,278],{"class":59},[45,37986,15741],{"class":202},[45,37988,73],{"class":59},[45,37990,9292],{"class":202},[45,37992,93],{"class":59},[14,37994,37995,37996,102],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[364,37997,5127],{"href":5577},[31,37999,38001],{"id":38000},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,38003,38004,38005,21959,38007,102],{},"In Python 3, ",[18,38006,37556],{},[26,38008,38009],{},"filter object",[14,38011,38012],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[157,38014,38015,38018,38023],{},[160,38016,38017],{},"loop through it",[160,38019,38020,38021],{},"convert it with ",[18,38022,24763],{},[160,38024,38020,38025],{},[18,38026,38027],{},"tuple()",[14,38029,345],{},[36,38031,38033],{"className":38,"code":38032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38034,38035,38077,38081,38091,38105],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38036,38037,38039,38041,38043,38045,38047,38049,38051,38053,38055,38057,38059,38061,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073,38075],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38038,220],{"class":51},[45,38040,56],{"class":55},[45,38042,37635],{"class":124},[45,38044,109],{"class":59},[45,38046,37640],{"class":2059},[45,38048,37644],{"class":37643},[45,38050,1111],{"class":59},[45,38052,1129],{"class":105},[45,38054,4243],{"class":55},[45,38056,208],{"class":202},[45,38058,73],{"class":59},[45,38060,60],{"class":59},[45,38062,203],{"class":202},[45,38064,73],{"class":59},[45,38066,208],{"class":202},[45,38068,73],{"class":59},[45,38070,213],{"class":202},[45,38072,73],{"class":59},[45,38074,2450],{"class":202},[45,38076,3880],{"class":59},[45,38078,38079],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,38080,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,38082,38083,38085,38087,38089],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38084,125],{"class":124},[45,38086,109],{"class":59},[45,38088,263],{"class":105},[45,38090,118],{"class":59},[45,38092,38093,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,38094,125],{"class":124},[45,38096,109],{"class":59},[45,38098,1811],{"class":315},[45,38100,109],{"class":59},[45,38102,263],{"class":105},[45,38104,1802],{"class":59},[45,38106,38107,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,38108,125],{"class":124},[45,38110,109],{"class":59},[45,38112,316],{"class":315},[45,38114,109],{"class":59},[45,38116,263],{"class":105},[45,38118,1802],{"class":59},[14,38120,268],{},[36,38122,38124],{"className":38,"code":38123,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[18,38125,38126,38140,38154],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38127,38128,38130,38132,38134,38136,38138],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38129,3284],{"class":55},[45,38131,37582],{"class":124},[45,38133,24600],{"class":315},[45,38135,37344],{"class":51},[45,38137,37351],{"class":34434},[45,38139,3296],{"class":55},[45,38141,38142,38144,38146,38148,38150,38152],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,38143,3284],{"class":55},[45,38145,3287],{"class":2059},[45,38147,438],{"class":63},[45,38149,37582],{"class":67},[45,38151,429],{"class":63},[45,38153,3296],{"class":55},[45,38155,38156,38158,38160,38162,38164],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38157,278],{"class":59},[45,38159,2056],{"class":202},[45,38161,73],{"class":59},[45,38163,2450],{"class":202},[45,38165,93],{"class":59},[14,38167,38168],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1864,38170,38172],{"id":38171},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38174,38175],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[36,38177,38179],{"className":38,"code":38178,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38180,38181,38223,38227,38241],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38182,38183,38185,38187,38189,38191,38193,38195,38197,38199,38201,38203,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215,38217,38219,38221],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38184,220],{"class":51},[45,38186,56],{"class":55},[45,38188,37635],{"class":124},[45,38190,109],{"class":59},[45,38192,37640],{"class":2059},[45,38194,37644],{"class":37643},[45,38196,1111],{"class":59},[45,38198,1129],{"class":105},[45,38200,4243],{"class":55},[45,38202,208],{"class":202},[45,38204,73],{"class":59},[45,38206,60],{"class":59},[45,38208,203],{"class":202},[45,38210,73],{"class":59},[45,38212,208],{"class":202},[45,38214,73],{"class":59},[45,38216,213],{"class":202},[45,38218,73],{"class":59},[45,38220,2450],{"class":202},[45,38222,3880],{"class":59},[45,38224,38225],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,38226,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,38228,38229,38231,38233,38235,38237,38239],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38230,125],{"class":124},[45,38232,109],{"class":59},[45,38234,316],{"class":315},[45,38236,109],{"class":59},[45,38238,263],{"class":105},[45,38240,1802],{"class":59},[45,38242,38243,38245,38247,38249,38251,38253],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,38244,125],{"class":124},[45,38246,109],{"class":59},[45,38248,316],{"class":315},[45,38250,109],{"class":59},[45,38252,263],{"class":105},[45,38254,1802],{"class":59},[14,38256,268],{},[36,38258,38260],{"className":38,"code":38259,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[18,38261,38262,38274],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38263,38264,38266,38268,38270,38272],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38265,278],{"class":59},[45,38267,2056],{"class":202},[45,38269,73],{"class":59},[45,38271,2450],{"class":202},[45,38273,93],{"class":59},[45,38275,38276],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,38277,38278],{"class":59},"[]\n",[14,38280,38281],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[31,38283,1736,38285,8689,38287],{"id":38284},"using-filter-with-lambda",[18,38286,37556],{},[18,38288,37640],{},[14,38290,15175,38291,38293],{},[18,38292,37640],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38295,38296],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[36,38298,38300],{"className":38,"code":38299,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38301,38302,38344,38348,38386],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38303,38304,38306,38308,38310,38312,38314,38316,38318,38320,38323,38325,38327,38329,38331,38333,38335,38337,38340,38342],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38305,4062],{"class":51},[45,38307,56],{"class":55},[45,38309,60],{"class":59},[45,38311,64],{"class":63},[45,38313,68],{"class":67},[45,38315,64],{"class":63},[45,38317,73],{"class":59},[45,38319,76],{"class":63},[45,38321,38322],{"class":67},"kiwi",[45,38324,64],{"class":63},[45,38326,73],{"class":59},[45,38328,76],{"class":63},[45,38330,79],{"class":67},[45,38332,64],{"class":63},[45,38334,73],{"class":59},[45,38336,76],{"class":63},[45,38338,38339],{"class":67},"fig",[45,38341,64],{"class":63},[45,38343,93],{"class":59},[45,38345,38346],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,38347,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,38349,38350,38352,38354,38356,38358,38360,38363,38365,38368,38370,38373,38375,38378,38380,38382,38384],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38351,220],{"class":51},[45,38353,56],{"class":55},[45,38355,37635],{"class":124},[45,38357,109],{"class":59},[45,38359,37640],{"class":2059},[45,38361,38362],{"class":37643}," word",[45,38364,1111],{"class":59},[45,38366,38367],{"class":124}," len",[45,38369,109],{"class":59},[45,38371,38372],{"class":105},"word",[45,38374,3654],{"class":59},[45,38376,38377],{"class":55}," >",[45,38379,2450],{"class":202},[45,38381,73],{"class":59},[45,38383,6155],{"class":105},[45,38385,118],{"class":59},[45,38387,38388,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,38389,125],{"class":124},[45,38391,109],{"class":59},[45,38393,316],{"class":315},[45,38395,109],{"class":59},[45,38397,263],{"class":105},[45,38399,1802],{"class":59},[14,38401,268],{},[36,38403,38405],{"className":38,"code":38404,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,38406,38407],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38408,38409,38411,38413,38415,38417,38419,38421,38423,38425],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38410,278],{"class":59},[45,38412,429],{"class":63},[45,38414,68],{"class":67},[45,38416,429],{"class":63},[45,38418,73],{"class":59},[45,38420,438],{"class":63},[45,38422,79],{"class":67},[45,38424,429],{"class":63},[45,38426,93],{"class":59},[14,38428,38429],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38431,38432,38433,102],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[364,38434,38436],{"href":38435},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[31,38438,1736,38440,38442],{"id":38439},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[18,38441,37556],{}," with a named function",[14,38444,38445,38446,102],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[18,38447,37640],{},[14,38449,38450],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[157,38452,38453,38456,38459],{},[160,38454,38455],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[160,38457,38458],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[160,38460,38461],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[36,38463,38465],{"className":38,"code":38464,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38466,38467,38480,38495,38499,38531,38550,38554],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38468,38469,38471,38474,38476,38478],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38470,34832],{"class":2059},[45,38472,38473],{"class":34835}," is_even",[45,38475,109],{"class":59},[45,38477,2235],{"class":37643},[45,38479,8327],{"class":59},[45,38481,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490,38492],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,38483,34843],{"class":969},[45,38485,6374],{"class":51},[45,38487,6390],{"class":55},[45,38489,208],{"class":202},[45,38491,6395],{"class":55},[45,38493,38494],{"class":202}," 0\n",[45,38496,38497],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38498,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,38500,38501,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511,38513,38515,38517,38519,38521,38523,38525,38527,38529],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,38502,195],{"class":51},[45,38504,56],{"class":55},[45,38506,60],{"class":59},[45,38508,203],{"class":202},[45,38510,73],{"class":59},[45,38512,208],{"class":202},[45,38514,73],{"class":59},[45,38516,213],{"class":202},[45,38518,73],{"class":59},[45,38520,2450],{"class":202},[45,38522,73],{"class":59},[45,38524,4596],{"class":202},[45,38526,73],{"class":59},[45,38528,37624],{"class":202},[45,38530,93],{"class":59},[45,38532,38533,38535,38537,38539,38541,38544,38546,38548],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,38534,220],{"class":51},[45,38536,56],{"class":55},[45,38538,37635],{"class":124},[45,38540,109],{"class":59},[45,38542,38543],{"class":105},"is_even",[45,38545,73],{"class":59},[45,38547,225],{"class":105},[45,38549,118],{"class":59},[45,38551,38552],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,38553,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,38555,38556,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,38557,125],{"class":124},[45,38559,109],{"class":59},[45,38561,316],{"class":315},[45,38563,109],{"class":59},[45,38565,263],{"class":105},[45,38567,1802],{"class":59},[14,38569,268],{},[36,38571,38573],{"className":38,"code":38572,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[18,38574,38575],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38576,38577,38579,38581,38583,38585,38587,38589],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38578,278],{"class":59},[45,38580,234],{"class":202},[45,38582,73],{"class":59},[45,38584,2450],{"class":202},[45,38586,73],{"class":59},[45,38588,37624],{"class":202},[45,38590,93],{"class":59},[14,38592,20757,38593,1326,38596,38598],{},[18,38594,38595],{},"is_even()",[18,38597,3598],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[31,38600,1736,38602,8689,38604],{"id":38601},"using-none-with-filter",[18,38603,301],{},[18,38605,37556],{},[14,38607,38608,38609,38611],{},"You can pass ",[18,38610,301],{}," as the first argument:",[36,38613,38615],{"className":38,"code":38614,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[18,38616,38617],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38618,38619,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38620,37582],{"class":124},[45,38622,109],{"class":59},[45,38624,301],{"class":291},[45,38626,73],{"class":59},[45,38628,37846],{"class":105},[45,38630,118],{"class":59},[14,38632,38633,38634,7327],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[26,38635,5587],{},[14,38637,38638],{},"Falsy values include:",[157,38640,38641,38645,38650,38654],{},[160,38642,38643],{},[18,38644,2114],{},[160,38646,38647,38649],{},[18,38648,3767],{}," (empty string)",[160,38651,38652],{},[18,38653,301],{},[160,38655,38656],{},[18,38657,3667],{},[14,38659,345],{},[36,38661,38663],{"className":38,"code":38662,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38664,38665,38709,38713,38731],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38666,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697,38699,38701,38703,38705,38707],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38668,52],{"class":51},[45,38670,56],{"class":55},[45,38672,60],{"class":59},[45,38674,2114],{"class":202},[45,38676,73],{"class":59},[45,38678,5488],{"class":202},[45,38680,73],{"class":59},[45,38682,6113],{"class":63},[45,38684,73],{"class":59},[45,38686,76],{"class":63},[45,38688,3839],{"class":67},[45,38690,64],{"class":63},[45,38692,73],{"class":59},[45,38694,3846],{"class":291},[45,38696,73],{"class":59},[45,38698,3907],{"class":291},[45,38700,73],{"class":59},[45,38702,3898],{"class":291},[45,38704,73],{"class":59},[45,38706,4596],{"class":202},[45,38708,93],{"class":59},[45,38710,38711],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,38712,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,38714,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38716,220],{"class":51},[45,38718,56],{"class":55},[45,38720,37635],{"class":124},[45,38722,109],{"class":59},[45,38724,301],{"class":291},[45,38726,73],{"class":59},[45,38728,1210],{"class":105},[45,38730,118],{"class":59},[45,38732,38733,38735,38737,38739,38741,38743],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,38734,125],{"class":124},[45,38736,109],{"class":59},[45,38738,316],{"class":315},[45,38740,109],{"class":59},[45,38742,263],{"class":105},[45,38744,1802],{"class":59},[14,38746,268],{},[36,38748,38750],{"className":38,"code":38749,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[18,38751,38752],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38753,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38755,278],{"class":59},[45,38757,203],{"class":202},[45,38759,73],{"class":59},[45,38761,438],{"class":63},[45,38763,3839],{"class":67},[45,38765,429],{"class":63},[45,38767,73],{"class":59},[45,38769,3907],{"class":291},[45,38771,73],{"class":59},[45,38773,4596],{"class":202},[45,38775,93],{"class":59},[14,38777,38778],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[31,38780,4952,38782],{"id":38781},"when-to-use-filter",[18,38783,37556],{},[14,38785,141,38786,38788],{},[18,38787,37556],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38790,38791],{},"It works well for:",[157,38793,38794,38797,38800],{},[160,38795,38796],{},"simple filtering rules",[160,38798,38799],{},"quick data cleaning",[160,38801,38802],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,38804,345],{},[36,38806,38808],{"className":38,"code":38807,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[18,38809,38810,38842,38875,38879],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38811,38812,38814,38816,38818,38820,38822,38824,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38813,195],{"class":51},[45,38815,56],{"class":55},[45,38817,60],{"class":59},[45,38819,203],{"class":202},[45,38821,73],{"class":59},[45,38823,208],{"class":202},[45,38825,73],{"class":59},[45,38827,213],{"class":202},[45,38829,73],{"class":59},[45,38831,2450],{"class":202},[45,38833,73],{"class":59},[45,38835,4596],{"class":202},[45,38837,73],{"class":59},[45,38839,37624],{"class":202},[45,38841,93],{"class":59},[45,38843,38844,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,38845,38846],{"class":51},"evens ",[45,38848,56],{"class":55},[45,38850,37635],{"class":124},[45,38852,109],{"class":59},[45,38854,37640],{"class":2059},[45,38856,37644],{"class":37643},[45,38858,1111],{"class":59},[45,38860,1129],{"class":105},[45,38862,6390],{"class":55},[45,38864,208],{"class":202},[45,38866,6395],{"class":55},[45,38868,3827],{"class":202},[45,38870,73],{"class":59},[45,38872,225],{"class":105},[45,38874,118],{"class":59},[45,38876,38877],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38878,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,38880,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38892],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,38882,125],{"class":124},[45,38884,109],{"class":59},[45,38886,316],{"class":315},[45,38888,109],{"class":59},[45,38890,38891],{"class":105},"evens",[45,38893,1802],{"class":59},[14,38895,268],{},[36,38897,38898],{"className":38,"code":38572,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,38899,38900],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38901,38902,38904,38906,38908,38910,38912,38914],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38903,278],{"class":59},[45,38905,234],{"class":202},[45,38907,73],{"class":59},[45,38909,2450],{"class":202},[45,38911,73],{"class":59},[45,38913,37624],{"class":202},[45,38915,93],{"class":59},[14,38917,38918,38919,38921],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[18,38920,970],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[36,38923,38925],{"className":38,"code":38924,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,38926,38927,38959,38967,38971,38983,38999,39014,39018],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38928,38929,38931,38933,38935,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951,38953,38955,38957],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38930,195],{"class":51},[45,38932,56],{"class":55},[45,38934,60],{"class":59},[45,38936,203],{"class":202},[45,38938,73],{"class":59},[45,38940,208],{"class":202},[45,38942,73],{"class":59},[45,38944,213],{"class":202},[45,38946,73],{"class":59},[45,38948,2450],{"class":202},[45,38950,73],{"class":59},[45,38952,4596],{"class":202},[45,38954,73],{"class":59},[45,38956,37624],{"class":202},[45,38958,93],{"class":59},[45,38960,38961,38963,38965],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,38962,38846],{"class":51},[45,38964,56],{"class":55},[45,38966,7824],{"class":59},[45,38968,38969],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38970,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,38972,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,38974,970],{"class":969},[45,38976,6374],{"class":51},[45,38978,976],{"class":969},[45,38980,225],{"class":51},[45,38982,1213],{"class":59},[45,38984,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,38986,6385],{"class":969},[45,38988,6374],{"class":51},[45,38990,6390],{"class":55},[45,38992,208],{"class":202},[45,38994,6395],{"class":55},[45,38996,3827],{"class":202},[45,38998,1213],{"class":59},[45,39000,39001,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,39002,39003],{"class":51},"        evens",[45,39005,102],{"class":59},[45,39007,13538],{"class":105},[45,39009,109],{"class":59},[45,39011,2235],{"class":105},[45,39013,118],{"class":59},[45,39015,39016],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,39017,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,39019,39020,39022,39024,39026],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,39021,125],{"class":124},[45,39023,109],{"class":59},[45,39025,38891],{"class":105},[45,39027,118],{"class":59},[14,39029,268],{},[36,39031,39032],{"className":38,"code":38572,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,39033,39034],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39035,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39037,278],{"class":59},[45,39039,234],{"class":202},[45,39041,73],{"class":59},[45,39043,2450],{"class":202},[45,39045,73],{"class":59},[45,39047,37624],{"class":202},[45,39049,93],{"class":59},[14,39051,39052],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[36,39054,39056],{"className":38,"code":39055,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,39057,39058,39090,39123,39127],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39059,39060,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080,39082,39084,39086,39088],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39061,195],{"class":51},[45,39063,56],{"class":55},[45,39065,60],{"class":59},[45,39067,203],{"class":202},[45,39069,73],{"class":59},[45,39071,208],{"class":202},[45,39073,73],{"class":59},[45,39075,213],{"class":202},[45,39077,73],{"class":59},[45,39079,2450],{"class":202},[45,39081,73],{"class":59},[45,39083,4596],{"class":202},[45,39085,73],{"class":59},[45,39087,37624],{"class":202},[45,39089,93],{"class":59},[45,39091,39092,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,39093,38846],{"class":51},[45,39095,56],{"class":55},[45,39097,60],{"class":59},[45,39099,2213],{"class":51},[45,39101,970],{"class":969},[45,39103,6374],{"class":51},[45,39105,976],{"class":969},[45,39107,39108],{"class":51}," numbers ",[45,39110,982],{"class":969},[45,39112,6374],{"class":51},[45,39114,6390],{"class":55},[45,39116,208],{"class":202},[45,39118,6395],{"class":55},[45,39120,3827],{"class":202},[45,39122,93],{"class":59},[45,39124,39125],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,39126,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,39128,39129,39131,39133,39135],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,39130,125],{"class":124},[45,39132,109],{"class":59},[45,39134,38891],{"class":105},[45,39136,118],{"class":59},[14,39138,268],{},[36,39140,39141],{"className":38,"code":38572,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,39142,39143],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39144,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39146,278],{"class":59},[45,39148,234],{"class":202},[45,39150,73],{"class":59},[45,39152,2450],{"class":202},[45,39154,73],{"class":59},[45,39156,37624],{"class":202},[45,39158,93],{"class":59},[14,39160,39161,39162,102],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[364,39163,39165],{"href":39164},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[31,39167,1709],{"id":1708},[14,39169,14719,39170,102],{},[18,39171,37556],{},[1864,39173,1722,39175,39177],{"id":39174},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[18,39176,37556],{}," to return a list",[14,39179,39180],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[36,39182,39184],{"className":38,"code":39183,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,39185,39186,39228],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39187,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39189,220],{"class":51},[45,39191,56],{"class":55},[45,39193,37635],{"class":124},[45,39195,109],{"class":59},[45,39197,37640],{"class":2059},[45,39199,37644],{"class":37643},[45,39201,1111],{"class":59},[45,39203,1129],{"class":105},[45,39205,4243],{"class":55},[45,39207,208],{"class":202},[45,39209,73],{"class":59},[45,39211,60],{"class":59},[45,39213,203],{"class":202},[45,39215,73],{"class":59},[45,39217,208],{"class":202},[45,39219,73],{"class":59},[45,39221,213],{"class":202},[45,39223,73],{"class":59},[45,39225,2450],{"class":202},[45,39227,3880],{"class":59},[45,39229,39230,39232,39234,39236],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,39231,125],{"class":124},[45,39233,109],{"class":59},[45,39235,263],{"class":105},[45,39237,118],{"class":59},[14,39239,39240],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39242,39243],{},"Fix:",[36,39245,39247],{"className":38,"code":39246,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,39248,39249,39291],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39250,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39252,220],{"class":51},[45,39254,56],{"class":55},[45,39256,37635],{"class":124},[45,39258,109],{"class":59},[45,39260,37640],{"class":2059},[45,39262,37644],{"class":37643},[45,39264,1111],{"class":59},[45,39266,1129],{"class":105},[45,39268,4243],{"class":55},[45,39270,208],{"class":202},[45,39272,73],{"class":59},[45,39274,60],{"class":59},[45,39276,203],{"class":202},[45,39278,73],{"class":59},[45,39280,208],{"class":202},[45,39282,73],{"class":59},[45,39284,213],{"class":202},[45,39286,73],{"class":59},[45,39288,2450],{"class":202},[45,39290,3880],{"class":59},[45,39292,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,39294,125],{"class":124},[45,39296,109],{"class":59},[45,39298,316],{"class":315},[45,39300,109],{"class":59},[45,39302,263],{"class":105},[45,39304,1802],{"class":59},[1864,39306,39308,39309,1742,39311,39313],{"id":39307},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[18,39310,3598],{},[18,39312,3667],{}," clearly",[14,39315,39316],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39318,39319],{},"Good example:",[36,39321,39323],{"className":38,"code":39322,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[18,39324,39325,39338],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39326,39327,39329,39332,39334,39336],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39328,34832],{"class":2059},[45,39330,39331],{"class":34835}," is_positive",[45,39333,109],{"class":59},[45,39335,2235],{"class":37643},[45,39337,8327],{"class":59},[45,39339,39340,39342,39344,39346],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,39341,34843],{"class":969},[45,39343,6374],{"class":51},[45,39345,4243],{"class":55},[45,39347,38494],{"class":202},[14,39349,39350],{},"Then use it with:",[36,39352,39354],{"className":38,"code":39353,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[18,39355,39356,39388],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39357,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39359,195],{"class":51},[45,39361,56],{"class":55},[45,39363,60],{"class":59},[45,39365,2016],{"class":55},[45,39367,234],{"class":202},[45,39369,73],{"class":59},[45,39371,2218],{"class":55},[45,39373,203],{"class":202},[45,39375,73],{"class":59},[45,39377,3827],{"class":202},[45,39379,73],{"class":59},[45,39381,5488],{"class":202},[45,39383,73],{"class":59},[45,39385,208],{"class":202},[45,39387,93],{"class":59},[45,39389,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402,39405,39407,39409],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,39391,125],{"class":124},[45,39393,109],{"class":59},[45,39395,316],{"class":315},[45,39397,109],{"class":59},[45,39399,37582],{"class":124},[45,39401,109],{"class":59},[45,39403,39404],{"class":105},"is_positive",[45,39406,73],{"class":59},[45,39408,225],{"class":105},[45,39410,2905],{"class":59},[14,39412,268],{},[36,39414,39416],{"className":38,"code":39415,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2]\n",[18,39417,39418],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39419,39420,39422,39424,39426,39428],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39421,278],{"class":59},[45,39423,203],{"class":202},[45,39425,73],{"class":59},[45,39427,208],{"class":202},[45,39429,93],{"class":59},[1864,39431,39433],{"id":39432},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39435,39436],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[36,39438,39439],{"className":38,"code":38178,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,39440,39441,39483,39487,39501],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39442,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469,39471,39473,39475,39477,39479,39481],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39444,220],{"class":51},[45,39446,56],{"class":55},[45,39448,37635],{"class":124},[45,39450,109],{"class":59},[45,39452,37640],{"class":2059},[45,39454,37644],{"class":37643},[45,39456,1111],{"class":59},[45,39458,1129],{"class":105},[45,39460,4243],{"class":55},[45,39462,208],{"class":202},[45,39464,73],{"class":59},[45,39466,60],{"class":59},[45,39468,203],{"class":202},[45,39470,73],{"class":59},[45,39472,208],{"class":202},[45,39474,73],{"class":59},[45,39476,213],{"class":202},[45,39478,73],{"class":59},[45,39480,2450],{"class":202},[45,39482,3880],{"class":59},[45,39484,39485],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,39486,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,39488,39489,39491,39493,39495,39497,39499],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,39490,125],{"class":124},[45,39492,109],{"class":59},[45,39494,316],{"class":315},[45,39496,109],{"class":59},[45,39498,263],{"class":105},[45,39500,1802],{"class":59},[45,39502,39503,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,39504,125],{"class":124},[45,39506,109],{"class":59},[45,39508,316],{"class":315},[45,39510,109],{"class":59},[45,39512,263],{"class":105},[45,39514,1802],{"class":59},[14,39516,268],{},[36,39518,39519],{"className":38,"code":38259,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,39520,39521,39533],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39522,39523,39525,39527,39529,39531],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39524,278],{"class":59},[45,39526,2056],{"class":202},[45,39528,73],{"class":59},[45,39530,2450],{"class":202},[45,39532,93],{"class":59},[45,39534,39535],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,39536,38278],{"class":59},[14,39538,39539],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[36,39541,39543],{"className":38,"code":39542,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,39544,39545,39591,39595,39605],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39546,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571,39573,39575,39577,39579,39581,39583,39585,39587,39589],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39548,220],{"class":51},[45,39550,56],{"class":55},[45,39552,1114],{"class":315},[45,39554,109],{"class":59},[45,39556,37582],{"class":124},[45,39558,109],{"class":59},[45,39560,37640],{"class":2059},[45,39562,37644],{"class":37643},[45,39564,1111],{"class":59},[45,39566,1129],{"class":105},[45,39568,4243],{"class":55},[45,39570,208],{"class":202},[45,39572,73],{"class":59},[45,39574,60],{"class":59},[45,39576,203],{"class":202},[45,39578,73],{"class":59},[45,39580,208],{"class":202},[45,39582,73],{"class":59},[45,39584,213],{"class":202},[45,39586,73],{"class":59},[45,39588,2450],{"class":202},[45,39590,2992],{"class":59},[45,39592,39593],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,39594,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,39596,39597,39599,39601,39603],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,39598,125],{"class":124},[45,39600,109],{"class":59},[45,39602,263],{"class":105},[45,39604,118],{"class":59},[45,39606,39607,39609,39611,39613],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,39608,125],{"class":124},[45,39610,109],{"class":59},[45,39612,263],{"class":105},[45,39614,118],{"class":59},[1864,39616,39618],{"id":39617},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39620,39621],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39623,16629],{},[36,39625,39627],{"className":38,"code":39626,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[18,39628,39629],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39630,39631],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39632,39626],{"class":137},[14,39634,39635,39636,6538],{},"This causes an error because ",[18,39637,585],{},[14,39639,16641],{},[36,39641,39643],{"className":38,"code":39642,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[18,39644,39645],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39646,39647,39649,39651,39653,39655,39657,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669,39671,39673,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683,39685,39687,39689],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39648,125],{"class":124},[45,39650,109],{"class":59},[45,39652,316],{"class":315},[45,39654,109],{"class":59},[45,39656,37582],{"class":124},[45,39658,109],{"class":59},[45,39660,37640],{"class":2059},[45,39662,37644],{"class":37643},[45,39664,1111],{"class":59},[45,39666,1129],{"class":105},[45,39668,4243],{"class":55},[45,39670,208],{"class":202},[45,39672,73],{"class":59},[45,39674,60],{"class":59},[45,39676,203],{"class":202},[45,39678,73],{"class":59},[45,39680,208],{"class":202},[45,39682,73],{"class":59},[45,39684,213],{"class":202},[45,39686,73],{"class":59},[45,39688,2450],{"class":202},[45,39690,37245],{"class":59},[1864,39692,37184,39694,8689,39696],{"id":39693},"confusing-filter-with-map",[18,39695,37556],{},[18,39697,39698],{},"map()",[157,39700,39701,39706],{},[160,39702,39703,39705],{},[18,39704,37556],{}," keeps or removes items",[160,39707,39708,39710],{},[18,39709,39698],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39712,39713,39714,1111],{},"Example of ",[18,39715,37556],{},[36,39717,39719],{"className":38,"code":39718,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[18,39720,39721,39745],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39722,39723,39725,39727,39729,39731,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741,39743],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39724,195],{"class":51},[45,39726,56],{"class":55},[45,39728,60],{"class":59},[45,39730,203],{"class":202},[45,39732,73],{"class":59},[45,39734,208],{"class":202},[45,39736,73],{"class":59},[45,39738,213],{"class":202},[45,39740,73],{"class":59},[45,39742,2450],{"class":202},[45,39744,93],{"class":59},[45,39746,39747,39749,39751,39753,39755,39757,39759,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773,39775],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,39748,125],{"class":124},[45,39750,109],{"class":59},[45,39752,316],{"class":315},[45,39754,109],{"class":59},[45,39756,37582],{"class":124},[45,39758,109],{"class":59},[45,39760,37640],{"class":2059},[45,39762,37644],{"class":37643},[45,39764,1111],{"class":59},[45,39766,1129],{"class":105},[45,39768,4243],{"class":55},[45,39770,208],{"class":202},[45,39772,73],{"class":59},[45,39774,225],{"class":105},[45,39776,2905],{"class":59},[14,39778,268],{},[36,39780,39782],{"className":38,"code":39781,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[3, 4]\n",[18,39783,39784],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39785,39786,39788,39790,39792,39794],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39787,278],{"class":59},[45,39789,2056],{"class":202},[45,39791,73],{"class":59},[45,39793,2450],{"class":202},[45,39795,93],{"class":59},[14,39797,39713,39798,1111],{},[18,39799,39698],{},[36,39801,39803],{"className":38,"code":39802,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[18,39804,39805,39829],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39806,39807,39809,39811,39813,39815,39817,39819,39821,39823,39825,39827],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39808,195],{"class":51},[45,39810,56],{"class":55},[45,39812,60],{"class":59},[45,39814,203],{"class":202},[45,39816,73],{"class":59},[45,39818,208],{"class":202},[45,39820,73],{"class":59},[45,39822,213],{"class":202},[45,39824,73],{"class":59},[45,39826,2450],{"class":202},[45,39828,93],{"class":59},[45,39830,39831,39833,39835,39837,39839,39842,39844,39846,39848,39850,39852,39855,39857,39859,39861],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,39832,125],{"class":124},[45,39834,109],{"class":59},[45,39836,316],{"class":315},[45,39838,109],{"class":59},[45,39840,39841],{"class":124},"map",[45,39843,109],{"class":59},[45,39845,37640],{"class":2059},[45,39847,37644],{"class":37643},[45,39849,1111],{"class":59},[45,39851,1129],{"class":105},[45,39853,39854],{"class":55},"*",[45,39856,208],{"class":202},[45,39858,73],{"class":59},[45,39860,225],{"class":105},[45,39862,2905],{"class":59},[14,39864,268],{},[36,39866,39868],{"className":38,"code":39867,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[18,39869,39870],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39871,39872,39874,39876,39878,39880,39882,39884,39886,39888],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39873,278],{"class":59},[45,39875,234],{"class":202},[45,39877,73],{"class":59},[45,39879,2450],{"class":202},[45,39881,73],{"class":59},[45,39883,37624],{"class":202},[45,39885,73],{"class":59},[45,39887,6347],{"class":202},[45,39889,93],{"class":59},[14,39891,39892,39893,102],{},"For the related function, see ",[364,39894,3569,39896,3502],{"href":39895},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[18,39897,39698],{},[31,39899,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,39901,175,39903,39905],{"id":39902},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[18,39904,37556],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,39907,39908,39909,39911],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[18,39910,24763],{}," if needed.",[1864,39913,39915,39916,39918],{"id":39914},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[18,39917,37556],{}," need to return?",[14,39920,37863,39921,39923,39924,39926],{},[18,39922,3598],{}," to keep an item and ",[18,39925,3667],{}," to remove it.",[1864,39928,28310,39930,39932],{"id":39929},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[18,39931,37556],{}," without lambda?",[14,39934,39935],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1864,39937,5133,39939,39942],{"id":39938},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[18,39940,39941],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,39944,39945,39946,39948,39949,17058,39951,102],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[18,39947,2114],{},", empty strings, ",[18,39950,301],{},[18,39952,3667],{},[1864,39954,21405,39956,39958],{"id":39955},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[18,39957,37556],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,39960,39961,39962,39964],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[18,39963,970],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,39966,39967],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[157,39969,39970,39976,39982],{},[160,39971,39972,39973,39975],{},"use ",[18,39974,37556],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[160,39977,39978,39979,39981],{},"use a ",[18,39980,970],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[160,39983,39984],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,39986,39987,39988,102],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[364,39989,5123],{"href":39990},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[31,39992,1909],{"id":1908},[157,39994,39995,40000,40004,40009,40015],{},[160,39996,39997],{},[364,39998,39999],{"href":38435},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[160,40001,40002],{},[364,40003,5212],{"href":39990},[160,40005,40006],{},[364,40007,40008],{"href":39164},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[160,40010,40011],{},[364,40012,3569,40013,3502],{"href":39895},[18,40014,39698],{},[160,40016,40017],{},[364,40018,5207],{"href":5577},[1936,40020,40021],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":40023},[40024,40025,40027,40031,40034,40036,40038,40040,40042,40052,40064],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":37690,"depth":96,"text":40026},"What filter() does",{"id":37824,"depth":96,"text":37825,"children":40028},[40029,40030],{"id":37841,"depth":121,"text":37841},{"id":3714,"depth":121,"text":3714},{"id":38000,"depth":96,"text":38001,"children":40032},[40033],{"id":38171,"depth":121,"text":38172},{"id":38284,"depth":96,"text":40035},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38439,"depth":96,"text":40037},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38601,"depth":96,"text":40039},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38781,"depth":96,"text":40041},"When to use filter()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":40043},[40044,40046,40048,40049,40050],{"id":39174,"depth":121,"text":40045},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39307,"depth":121,"text":40047},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39432,"depth":121,"text":39433},{"id":39617,"depth":121,"text":39618},{"id":39693,"depth":121,"text":40051},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":40053},[40054,40056,40058,40060,40062],{"id":39902,"depth":121,"text":40055},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39914,"depth":121,"text":40057},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39929,"depth":121,"text":40059},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39938,"depth":121,"text":40061},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39955,"depth":121,"text":40063},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37548,"description":40065},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40072,"title":40073,"body":40074,"description":42225,"extension":1958,"meta":42226,"navigation":241,"path":42227,"seo":42228,"stem":42229,"__hash__":42230},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40075,"toc":42179},[40076,40079,40084,40090,40092,40144,40146,40165,40170,40174,40179,40182,40197,40200,40222,40224,40273,40275,40299,40301,40303,40318,40323,40331,40346,40348,40357,40360,40395,40399,40404,40408,40415,40450,40452,40468,40472,40475,40516,40518,40532,40536,40539,40563,40565,40574,40578,40581,40614,40616,40629,40633,40639,40658,40660,40668,40672,40677,40681,40686,40709,40711,40740,40743,40762,40766,40769,40796,40798,40832,40836,40839,40863,40867,40878,40880,40885,40891,40893,40977,40979,41021,41024,41028,41035,41044,41100,41107,41116,41121,41125,41196,41198,41207,41211,41214,41257,41259,41268,41272,41278,41328,41332,41337,41341,41365,41367,41376,41380,41404,41406,41417,41421,41445,41447,41456,41459,41476,41482,41486,41492,41495,41500,41503,41524,41526,41558,41561,41566,41568,41579,41581,41625,41629,41636,41688,41690,41699,41703,41706,41799,41802,41826,41830,41833,41925,41930,41934,41941,41946,41970,41972,41981,41986,42009,42011,42019,42026,42049,42057,42059,42072,42082,42084,42088,42095,42099,42108,42112,42119,42123,42127,42131,42144,42146,42176],[10,40077,40073],{"id":40078},"python-float-function-explained",[14,40080,9108,40081,40083],{},[18,40082,2877],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,40085,40086,40087,40089],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[18,40088,2877],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[31,40091,34],{"id":33},[36,40093,40095],{"className":38,"code":40094,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[18,40096,40097,40111,40130],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40098,40099,40101,40103,40105,40107,40109],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40100,125],{"class":124},[45,40102,109],{"class":59},[45,40104,2188],{"class":315},[45,40106,109],{"class":59},[45,40108,2131],{"class":202},[45,40110,1802],{"class":59},[45,40112,40113,40115,40117,40119,40121,40123,40126,40128],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,40114,125],{"class":124},[45,40116,109],{"class":59},[45,40118,2188],{"class":315},[45,40120,109],{"class":59},[45,40122,64],{"class":63},[45,40124,40125],{"class":67},"3.14",[45,40127,64],{"class":63},[45,40129,1802],{"class":59},[45,40131,40132,40134,40136,40138,40140,40142],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40133,125],{"class":124},[45,40135,109],{"class":59},[45,40137,2188],{"class":315},[45,40139,109],{"class":59},[45,40141,3598],{"class":291},[45,40143,1802],{"class":59},[14,40145,268],{},[36,40147,40149],{"className":38,"code":40148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[18,40150,40151,40155,40160],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40152,40153],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40154,2472],{"class":202},[45,40156,40157],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,40158,40159],{"class":202},"3.14\n",[45,40161,40162],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40163,40164],{"class":202},"1.0\n",[14,40166,141,40167,40169],{},[18,40168,2877],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[31,40171,40173],{"id":40172},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,40175,40176,40178],{},[18,40177,2877],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,40180,40181],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[157,40183,40184,40188,40192],{},[160,40185,40186],{},[18,40187,2484],{},[160,40189,40190],{},[18,40191,40125],{},[160,40193,40194],{},[18,40195,40196],{},"0.5",[14,40198,40199],{},"A few key points:",[157,40201,40202,40209,40212,40215],{},[160,40203,40204,40206,40207],{},[18,40205,2877],{}," returns a value of type ",[18,40208,2188],{},[160,40210,40211],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[160,40213,40214],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[160,40216,40217,40218],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[364,40219,40220],{"href":8205},[18,40221,2951],{},[14,40223,345],{},[36,40225,40227],{"className":38,"code":40226,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,40228,40229,40249,40259],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40230,40231,40233,40235,40238,40240,40242,40245,40247],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40232,2213],{"class":51},[45,40234,56],{"class":55},[45,40236,40237],{"class":315}," float",[45,40239,109],{"class":59},[45,40241,64],{"class":63},[45,40243,40244],{"class":67},"2.75",[45,40246,64],{"class":63},[45,40248,118],{"class":59},[45,40250,40251,40253,40255,40257],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,40252,125],{"class":124},[45,40254,109],{"class":59},[45,40256,2235],{"class":105},[45,40258,118],{"class":59},[45,40260,40261,40263,40265,40267,40269,40271],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40262,125],{"class":124},[45,40264,109],{"class":59},[45,40266,1811],{"class":315},[45,40268,109],{"class":59},[45,40270,2235],{"class":105},[45,40272,1802],{"class":59},[14,40274,268],{},[36,40276,40278],{"className":38,"code":40277,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,40279,40280,40285],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40281,40282],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40283,40284],{"class":202},"2.75\n",[45,40286,40287,40289,40291,40293,40295,40297],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,40288,3284],{"class":55},[45,40290,3287],{"class":2059},[45,40292,438],{"class":63},[45,40294,2188],{"class":67},[45,40296,429],{"class":63},[45,40298,3296],{"class":55},[31,40300,2153],{"id":2152},[14,40302,7205],{},[36,40304,40306],{"className":38,"code":40305,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"float(value)\n",[18,40307,40308],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40309,40310,40312,40314,40316],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40311,2188],{"class":315},[45,40313,109],{"class":59},[45,40315,28],{"class":105},[45,40317,118],{"class":59},[14,40319,40320,40321,102],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[18,40322,2877],{},[14,40324,40325,40326,40328,40329,1111],{},"If you call ",[18,40327,2877],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[18,40330,3762],{},[36,40332,40334],{"className":38,"code":40333,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float())\n",[18,40335,40336],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40337,40338,40340,40342,40344],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40339,125],{"class":124},[45,40341,109],{"class":59},[45,40343,2188],{"class":315},[45,40345,7181],{"class":59},[14,40347,268],{},[36,40349,40351],{"className":38,"code":40350,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0.0\n",[18,40352,40353],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40354,40355],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40356,40350],{"class":202},[14,40358,40359],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[36,40361,40363],{"className":38,"code":40362,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[18,40364,40365,40385],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40366,40367,40370,40372,40374,40376,40378,40381,40383],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40368,40369],{"class":51},"price ",[45,40371,56],{"class":55},[45,40373,40237],{"class":315},[45,40375,109],{"class":59},[45,40377,64],{"class":63},[45,40379,40380],{"class":67},"19.99",[45,40382,64],{"class":63},[45,40384,118],{"class":59},[45,40386,40387,40389,40391,40393],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,40388,125],{"class":124},[45,40390,109],{"class":59},[45,40392,25132],{"class":105},[45,40394,118],{"class":59},[31,40396,40398],{"id":40397},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40400,40401,40403],{},[18,40402,2877],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1864,40405,40407],{"id":40406},"integers","Integers",[14,40409,40410,40411,40414],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[18,40412,40413],{},".0"," added:",[36,40416,40418],{"className":38,"code":40417,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[18,40419,40420,40434],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40421,40422,40424,40426,40428,40430,40432],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40423,125],{"class":124},[45,40425,109],{"class":59},[45,40427,2188],{"class":315},[45,40429,109],{"class":59},[45,40431,2131],{"class":202},[45,40433,1802],{"class":59},[45,40435,40436,40438,40440,40442,40444,40446,40448],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,40437,125],{"class":124},[45,40439,109],{"class":59},[45,40441,2188],{"class":315},[45,40443,109],{"class":59},[45,40445,2016],{"class":55},[45,40447,234],{"class":202},[45,40449,1802],{"class":59},[14,40451,268],{},[36,40453,40455],{"className":38,"code":40454,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[18,40456,40457,40461],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40458,40459],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40460,2472],{"class":202},[45,40462,40463,40465],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,40464,2016],{"class":55},[45,40466,40467],{"class":202},"2.0\n",[1864,40469,40471],{"id":40470},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40473,40474],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[36,40476,40478],{"className":38,"code":40477,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[18,40479,40480,40498],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40481,40482,40484,40486,40488,40490,40492,40494,40496],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40483,125],{"class":124},[45,40485,109],{"class":59},[45,40487,2188],{"class":315},[45,40489,109],{"class":59},[45,40491,64],{"class":63},[45,40493,40125],{"class":67},[45,40495,64],{"class":63},[45,40497,1802],{"class":59},[45,40499,40500,40502,40504,40506,40508,40510,40512,40514],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,40501,125],{"class":124},[45,40503,109],{"class":59},[45,40505,2188],{"class":315},[45,40507,109],{"class":59},[45,40509,64],{"class":63},[45,40511,585],{"class":67},[45,40513,64],{"class":63},[45,40515,1802],{"class":59},[14,40517,268],{},[36,40519,40521],{"className":38,"code":40520,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3.14\n10.0\n",[18,40522,40523,40527],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40524,40525],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40526,40159],{"class":202},[45,40528,40529],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,40530,40531],{"class":202},"10.0\n",[1864,40533,40535],{"id":40534},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40537,40538],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[36,40540,40542],{"className":38,"code":40541,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[18,40543,40544],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40545,40546,40548,40550,40552,40554,40556,40559,40561],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40547,125],{"class":124},[45,40549,109],{"class":59},[45,40551,2188],{"class":315},[45,40553,109],{"class":59},[45,40555,64],{"class":63},[45,40557,40558],{"class":67},"  8.5  ",[45,40560,64],{"class":63},[45,40562,1802],{"class":59},[14,40564,268],{},[36,40566,40568],{"className":38,"code":40567,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"8.5\n",[18,40569,40570],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40571,40572],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40573,40567],{"class":202},[1864,40575,40577],{"id":40576},"booleans","Booleans",[14,40579,40580],{},"Boolean values also work:",[36,40582,40584],{"className":38,"code":40583,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[18,40585,40586,40600],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40587,40588,40590,40592,40594,40596,40598],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40589,125],{"class":124},[45,40591,109],{"class":59},[45,40593,2188],{"class":315},[45,40595,109],{"class":59},[45,40597,3598],{"class":291},[45,40599,1802],{"class":59},[45,40601,40602,40604,40606,40608,40610,40612],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,40603,125],{"class":124},[45,40605,109],{"class":59},[45,40607,2188],{"class":315},[45,40609,109],{"class":59},[45,40611,3667],{"class":291},[45,40613,1802],{"class":59},[14,40615,268],{},[36,40617,40619],{"className":38,"code":40618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1.0\n0.0\n",[18,40620,40621,40625],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40622,40623],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40624,40164],{"class":202},[45,40626,40627],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,40628,40350],{"class":202},[1864,40630,40632],{"id":40631},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40634,40635,40636,40638],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[18,40637,2877],{}," returns a float version of it:",[36,40640,40642],{"className":38,"code":40641,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(4.2))\n",[18,40643,40644],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40645,40646,40648,40650,40652,40654,40656],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40647,125],{"class":124},[45,40649,109],{"class":59},[45,40651,2188],{"class":315},[45,40653,109],{"class":59},[45,40655,2357],{"class":202},[45,40657,1802],{"class":59},[14,40659,268],{},[36,40661,40662],{"className":38,"code":2381,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,40663,40664],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40665,40666],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40667,2381],{"class":202},[31,40669,40671],{"id":40670},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40673,40674,40675,102],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[18,40676,2877],{},[1864,40678,40680],{"id":40679},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40682,40683,40684,1111],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[18,40685,1041],{},[36,40687,40689],{"className":38,"code":40688,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[18,40690,40691],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40692,40693,40695,40697,40699,40701,40703,40705,40707],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40694,125],{"class":124},[45,40696,109],{"class":59},[45,40698,2188],{"class":315},[45,40700,109],{"class":59},[45,40702,64],{"class":63},[45,40704,3839],{"class":67},[45,40706,64],{"class":63},[45,40708,1802],{"class":59},[14,40710,29662],{},[36,40712,40714],{"className":38,"code":40713,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[18,40715,40716],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40717,40718,40720,40722,40725,40727,40730,40732,40734,40736,40738],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40719,1041],{"class":315},[45,40721,1111],{"class":59},[45,40723,40724],{"class":51}," could ",[45,40726,178],{"class":55},[45,40728,40729],{"class":51}," convert string to ",[45,40731,2188],{"class":315},[45,40733,1111],{"class":59},[45,40735,438],{"class":63},[45,40737,3839],{"class":67},[45,40739,29681],{"class":63},[14,40741,40742],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[36,40744,40746],{"className":38,"code":40745,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[18,40747,40748],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40749,40750,40752,40754,40756,40758,40760],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40751,125],{"class":124},[45,40753,109],{"class":59},[45,40755,2188],{"class":315},[45,40757,109],{"class":59},[45,40759,6259],{"class":63},[45,40761,1802],{"class":59},[1864,40763,40765],{"id":40764},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40767,40768],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[36,40770,40772],{"className":38,"code":40771,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,40773,40774],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40775,40776,40778,40780,40782,40784,40786,40788,40790,40792,40794],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40777,125],{"class":124},[45,40779,109],{"class":59},[45,40781,2188],{"class":315},[45,40783,2979],{"class":59},[45,40785,203],{"class":202},[45,40787,73],{"class":59},[45,40789,208],{"class":202},[45,40791,73],{"class":59},[45,40793,213],{"class":202},[45,40795,2992],{"class":59},[14,40797,29662],{},[36,40799,40801],{"className":38,"code":40800,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[18,40802,40803],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40804,40805,40807,40809,40811,40813,40816,40819,40822,40824,40826,40828,40830],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40806,2998],{"class":315},[45,40808,1111],{"class":59},[45,40810,40237],{"class":315},[45,40812,7353],{"class":59},[45,40814,40815],{"class":51}," argument must be a string ",[45,40817,40818],{"class":55},"or",[45,40820,40821],{"class":51}," a real number",[45,40823,73],{"class":59},[45,40825,8085],{"class":55},[45,40827,438],{"class":63},[45,40829,316],{"class":67},[45,40831,29681],{"class":63},[1864,40833,40835],{"id":40834},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,40837,40838],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[36,40840,40842],{"className":38,"code":40841,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[18,40843,40844],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40845,40846,40848,40850,40852,40854,40856,40859,40861],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40847,125],{"class":124},[45,40849,109],{"class":59},[45,40851,2188],{"class":315},[45,40853,109],{"class":59},[45,40855,64],{"class":63},[45,40857,40858],{"class":67},"3,14",[45,40860,64],{"class":63},[45,40862,1802],{"class":59},[14,40864,2995,40865,102],{},[18,40866,1041],{},[14,40868,40869,40870,1301,40874,102],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[364,40871,40873],{"href":40872},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[364,40875,40877],{"href":40876},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[31,40879,17405],{"id":17404},[14,40881,40882,40884],{},[18,40883,2877],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,40886,40887,40888,40890],{},"It does ",[26,40889,178],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,40892,345],{},[36,40894,40896],{"className":38,"code":40895,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,40897,40898,40911,40925,40929,40939,40949,40963],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40899,40900,40902,40904,40906,40909],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40901,34669],{"class":51},[45,40903,56],{"class":55},[45,40905,76],{"class":63},[45,40907,40908],{"class":67},"6.5",[45,40910,1194],{"class":63},[45,40912,40913,40915,40917,40919,40921,40923],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,40914,2213],{"class":51},[45,40916,56],{"class":55},[45,40918,40237],{"class":315},[45,40920,109],{"class":59},[45,40922,34690],{"class":105},[45,40924,118],{"class":59},[45,40926,40927],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40928,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,40930,40931,40933,40935,40937],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,40932,125],{"class":124},[45,40934,109],{"class":59},[45,40936,34690],{"class":105},[45,40938,118],{"class":59},[45,40940,40941,40943,40945,40947],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,40942,125],{"class":124},[45,40944,109],{"class":59},[45,40946,2235],{"class":105},[45,40948,118],{"class":59},[45,40950,40951,40953,40955,40957,40959,40961],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,40952,125],{"class":124},[45,40954,109],{"class":59},[45,40956,1811],{"class":315},[45,40958,109],{"class":59},[45,40960,34690],{"class":105},[45,40962,1802],{"class":59},[45,40964,40965,40967,40969,40971,40973,40975],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,40966,125],{"class":124},[45,40968,109],{"class":59},[45,40970,1811],{"class":315},[45,40972,109],{"class":59},[45,40974,2235],{"class":105},[45,40976,1802],{"class":59},[14,40978,268],{},[36,40980,40982],{"className":38,"code":40981,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,40983,40984,40989,40993,41007],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40985,40986],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40987,40988],{"class":202},"6.5\n",[45,40990,40991],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,40992,40988],{"class":202},[45,40994,40995,40997,40999,41001,41003,41005],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40996,3284],{"class":55},[45,40998,3287],{"class":2059},[45,41000,438],{"class":63},[45,41002,3436],{"class":67},[45,41004,429],{"class":63},[45,41006,3296],{"class":55},[45,41008,41009,41011,41013,41015,41017,41019],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,41010,3284],{"class":55},[45,41012,3287],{"class":2059},[45,41014,438],{"class":63},[45,41016,2188],{"class":67},[45,41018,429],{"class":63},[45,41020,3296],{"class":55},[14,41022,41023],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[31,41025,41027],{"id":41026},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1864,41029,41031,41032,41034],{"id":41030},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[18,41033,2951],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,41036,16,41037,41041,41042,102],{},[364,41038,41039,2298],{"href":8205},[18,41040,2951],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[18,41043,2877],{},[36,41045,41047],{"className":38,"code":41046,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[18,41048,41049,41068,41082,41086],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41050,41051,41053,41055,41057,41059,41061,41064,41066],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41052,8223],{"class":51},[45,41054,56],{"class":55},[45,41056,8228],{"class":124},[45,41058,109],{"class":59},[45,41060,64],{"class":63},[45,41062,41063],{"class":67},"Enter a price: ",[45,41065,64],{"class":63},[45,41067,118],{"class":59},[45,41069,41070,41072,41074,41076,41078,41080],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,41071,40369],{"class":51},[45,41073,56],{"class":55},[45,41075,40237],{"class":315},[45,41077,109],{"class":59},[45,41079,8252],{"class":105},[45,41081,118],{"class":59},[45,41083,41084],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41085,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,41087,41088,41090,41092,41094,41096,41098],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,41089,125],{"class":124},[45,41091,109],{"class":59},[45,41093,40369],{"class":105},[45,41095,39854],{"class":55},[45,41097,208],{"class":202},[45,41099,118],{"class":59},[14,41101,41102,41103,41106],{},"If the user enters ",[18,41104,41105],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[36,41108,41110],{"className":38,"code":41109,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"9.0\n",[18,41111,41112],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41113,41114],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41115,41109],{"class":202},[14,41117,41118,41119,102],{},"For more help with this, see ",[364,41120,8966],{"href":8965},[1864,41122,41124],{"id":41123},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[36,41126,41128],{"className":38,"code":41127,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[18,41129,41130,41143,41156,41160,41185],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41131,41132,41134,41136,41138,41141],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41133,2548],{"class":51},[45,41135,56],{"class":55},[45,41137,76],{"class":63},[45,41139,41140],{"class":67},"2.5",[45,41142,1194],{"class":63},[45,41144,41145,41147,41149,41151,41154],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,41146,2576],{"class":51},[45,41148,56],{"class":55},[45,41150,76],{"class":63},[45,41152,41153],{"class":67},"1.5",[45,41155,1194],{"class":63},[45,41157,41158],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41159,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,41161,41162,41165,41167,41169,41171,41173,41175,41177,41179,41181,41183],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,41163,41164],{"class":51},"total ",[45,41166,56],{"class":55},[45,41168,40237],{"class":315},[45,41170,109],{"class":59},[45,41172,364],{"class":105},[45,41174,3654],{"class":59},[45,41176,2447],{"class":55},[45,41178,40237],{"class":315},[45,41180,109],{"class":59},[45,41182,373],{"class":105},[45,41184,118],{"class":59},[45,41186,41187,41189,41191,41194],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,41188,125],{"class":124},[45,41190,109],{"class":59},[45,41192,41193],{"class":105},"total",[45,41195,118],{"class":59},[14,41197,268],{},[36,41199,41201],{"className":38,"code":41200,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"4.0\n",[18,41202,41203],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41204,41205],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41206,41200],{"class":202},[1864,41208,41210],{"id":41209},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41212,41213],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[36,41215,41217],{"className":38,"code":41216,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,41218,41219,41229,41243,41247],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41220,41221,41224,41226],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41222,41223],{"class":51},"count ",[45,41225,56],{"class":55},[45,41227,41228],{"class":202}," 7\n",[45,41230,41231,41233,41235,41237,41239,41241],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,41232,220],{"class":51},[45,41234,56],{"class":55},[45,41236,40237],{"class":315},[45,41238,109],{"class":59},[45,41240,1795],{"class":105},[45,41242,118],{"class":59},[45,41244,41245],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41246,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,41248,41249,41251,41253,41255],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,41250,125],{"class":124},[45,41252,109],{"class":59},[45,41254,263],{"class":105},[45,41256,118],{"class":59},[14,41258,268],{},[36,41260,41262],{"className":38,"code":41261,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"7.0\n",[18,41263,41264],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41265,41266],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41267,41261],{"class":202},[1864,41269,41271],{"id":41270},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41273,41274,41275,41277],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[18,41276,2877],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[36,41279,41281],{"className":38,"code":41280,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[18,41282,41283,41297,41313,41317],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41284,41285,41288,41290,41292,41295],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41286,41287],{"class":51},"temperature_text ",[45,41289,56],{"class":55},[45,41291,76],{"class":63},[45,41293,41294],{"class":67},"21.8",[45,41296,1194],{"class":63},[45,41298,41299,41302,41304,41306,41308,41311],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,41300,41301],{"class":51},"temperature ",[45,41303,56],{"class":55},[45,41305,40237],{"class":315},[45,41307,109],{"class":59},[45,41309,41310],{"class":105},"temperature_text",[45,41312,118],{"class":59},[45,41314,41315],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41316,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,41318,41319,41321,41323,41326],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,41320,125],{"class":124},[45,41322,109],{"class":59},[45,41324,41325],{"class":105},"temperature",[45,41327,118],{"class":59},[31,41329,41331],{"id":41330},"special-values","Special values",[14,41333,41334,41336],{},[18,41335,2877],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1864,41338,41340],{"id":41339},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[36,41342,41344],{"className":38,"code":41343,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[18,41345,41346],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41347,41348,41350,41352,41354,41356,41358,41361,41363],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41349,125],{"class":124},[45,41351,109],{"class":59},[45,41353,2188],{"class":315},[45,41355,109],{"class":59},[45,41357,64],{"class":63},[45,41359,41360],{"class":67},"inf",[45,41362,64],{"class":63},[45,41364,1802],{"class":59},[14,41366,268],{},[36,41368,41370],{"className":38,"code":41369,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"inf\n",[18,41371,41372],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41373,41374],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41375,41369],{"class":51},[1864,41377,41379],{"id":41378},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[36,41381,41383],{"className":38,"code":41382,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[18,41384,41385],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41386,41387,41389,41391,41393,41395,41397,41400,41402],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41388,125],{"class":124},[45,41390,109],{"class":59},[45,41392,2188],{"class":315},[45,41394,109],{"class":59},[45,41396,64],{"class":63},[45,41398,41399],{"class":67},"-inf",[45,41401,64],{"class":63},[45,41403,1802],{"class":59},[14,41405,268],{},[36,41407,41409],{"className":38,"code":41408,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"-inf\n",[18,41410,41411],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41412,41413,41415],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41414,2016],{"class":55},[45,41416,41369],{"class":51},[1864,41418,41420],{"id":41419},"not-a-number","Not a number",[36,41422,41424],{"className":38,"code":41423,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[18,41425,41426],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41427,41428,41430,41432,41434,41436,41438,41441,41443],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41429,125],{"class":124},[45,41431,109],{"class":59},[45,41433,2188],{"class":315},[45,41435,109],{"class":59},[45,41437,64],{"class":63},[45,41439,41440],{"class":67},"nan",[45,41442,64],{"class":63},[45,41444,1802],{"class":59},[14,41446,268],{},[36,41448,41450],{"className":38,"code":41449,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"nan\n",[18,41451,41452],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41453,41454],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41455,41449],{"class":51},[14,41457,41458],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[157,41460,41461,41466,41471],{},[160,41462,41463,41465],{},[18,41464,41360],{}," means positive infinity",[160,41467,41468,41470],{},[18,41469,41399],{}," means negative infinity",[160,41472,41473,41475],{},[18,41474,41440],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41477,41478,41479,41481],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[18,41480,2877],{}," accepts them.",[31,41483,41485],{"id":41484},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41487,41488,41489,41491],{},"The most common problems with ",[18,41490,2877],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1864,41493,1041],{"id":41494},"valueerror",[14,41496,15175,41497,41499],{},[18,41498,1041],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41501,41502],{},"Common causes:",[157,41504,41505,41511,41514,41517],{},[160,41506,41507,41508],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[18,41509,41510],{},"\"abc\"",[160,41512,41513],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[160,41515,41516],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[160,41518,4695,41519],{},[364,41520,41521,41523],{"href":8205},[18,41522,2951],{}," returns a string",[14,41525,345],{},[36,41527,41529],{"className":38,"code":41528,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41530,41531,41544],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41532,41533,41535,41537,41539,41542],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41534,1185],{"class":51},[45,41536,56],{"class":55},[45,41538,76],{"class":63},[45,41540,41541],{"class":67},"abc",[45,41543,1194],{"class":63},[45,41545,41546,41548,41550,41552,41554,41556],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,41547,125],{"class":124},[45,41549,109],{"class":59},[45,41551,2188],{"class":315},[45,41553,109],{"class":59},[45,41555,28],{"class":105},[45,41557,1802],{"class":59},[1864,41559,2998],{"id":41560},"typeerror",[14,41562,15175,41563,41565],{},[18,41564,2998],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41567,41502],{},[157,41569,41570,41573,41576],{},[160,41571,41572],{},"Passing a list",[160,41574,41575],{},"Passing a dictionary",[160,41577,41578],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41580,345],{},[36,41582,41584],{"className":38,"code":41583,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41585,41586,41611],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41587,41588,41590,41592,41594,41596,41598,41600,41602,41604,41607,41609],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41589,1185],{"class":51},[45,41591,56],{"class":55},[45,41593,10477],{"class":59},[45,41595,64],{"class":63},[45,41597,25132],{"class":67},[45,41599,64],{"class":63},[45,41601,1111],{"class":59},[45,41603,76],{"class":63},[45,41605,41606],{"class":67},"9.99",[45,41608,64],{"class":63},[45,41610,9295],{"class":59},[45,41612,41613,41615,41617,41619,41621,41623],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,41614,125],{"class":124},[45,41616,109],{"class":59},[45,41618,2188],{"class":315},[45,41620,109],{"class":59},[45,41622,28],{"class":105},[45,41624,1802],{"class":59},[1864,41626,41628],{"id":41627},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41630,41631,41632,41635],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[18,41633,41634],{},"strip()"," can help:",[36,41637,41639],{"className":38,"code":41638,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41640,41641,41654,41669,41673],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41642,41643,41645,41647,41649,41652],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41644,1185],{"class":51},[45,41646,56],{"class":55},[45,41648,76],{"class":63},[45,41650,41651],{"class":67},"  7.25  ",[45,41653,1194],{"class":63},[45,41655,41656,41659,41661,41663,41665,41667],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,41657,41658],{"class":51},"clean_value ",[45,41660,56],{"class":55},[45,41662,8417],{"class":51},[45,41664,102],{"class":59},[45,41666,8618],{"class":105},[45,41668,8627],{"class":59},[45,41670,41671],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41672,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,41674,41675,41677,41679,41681,41683,41686],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,41676,125],{"class":124},[45,41678,109],{"class":59},[45,41680,2188],{"class":315},[45,41682,109],{"class":59},[45,41684,41685],{"class":105},"clean_value",[45,41687,1802],{"class":59},[14,41689,268],{},[36,41691,41693],{"className":38,"code":41692,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"7.25\n",[18,41694,41695],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41696,41697],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41698,41692],{"class":202},[1864,41700,41702],{"id":41701},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41704,41705],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[36,41707,41709],{"className":38,"code":41708,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41710,41711,41724,41728,41738,41752,41767,41771,41785],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41712,41713,41715,41717,41719,41722],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41714,1185],{"class":51},[45,41716,56],{"class":55},[45,41718,76],{"class":63},[45,41720,41721],{"class":67}," 3.5 ",[45,41723,1194],{"class":63},[45,41725,41726],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,41727,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,41729,41730,41732,41734,41736],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41731,125],{"class":124},[45,41733,109],{"class":59},[45,41735,28],{"class":105},[45,41737,118],{"class":59},[45,41739,41740,41742,41744,41746,41748,41750],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,41741,125],{"class":124},[45,41743,109],{"class":59},[45,41745,1811],{"class":315},[45,41747,109],{"class":59},[45,41749,28],{"class":105},[45,41751,1802],{"class":59},[45,41753,41754,41756,41758,41761,41763,41765],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,41755,125],{"class":124},[45,41757,109],{"class":59},[45,41759,41760],{"class":124},"repr",[45,41762,109],{"class":59},[45,41764,28],{"class":105},[45,41766,1802],{"class":59},[45,41768,41769],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,41770,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,41772,41773,41775,41777,41779,41781,41783],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,41774,41658],{"class":51},[45,41776,56],{"class":55},[45,41778,8417],{"class":51},[45,41780,102],{"class":59},[45,41782,8618],{"class":105},[45,41784,8627],{"class":59},[45,41786,41787,41789,41791,41793,41795,41797],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,41788,125],{"class":124},[45,41790,109],{"class":59},[45,41792,2188],{"class":315},[45,41794,109],{"class":59},[45,41796,41685],{"class":105},[45,41798,1802],{"class":59},[14,41800,41801],{},"Why this helps:",[157,41803,41804,41810,41815,41821],{},[160,41805,41806,41809],{},[18,41807,41808],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[160,41811,41812,21352],{},[18,41813,41814],{},"print(type(value))",[160,41816,41817,41820],{},[18,41818,41819],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[160,41822,41823,41825],{},[18,41824,41634],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1864,41827,41829],{"id":41828},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,41831,41832],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[36,41834,41836],{"className":38,"code":41835,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[18,41837,41838,41857,41861,41867,41882,41901,41910],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41839,41840,41842,41844,41846,41848,41850,41853,41855],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41841,1185],{"class":51},[45,41843,56],{"class":55},[45,41845,8228],{"class":124},[45,41847,109],{"class":59},[45,41849,64],{"class":63},[45,41851,41852],{"class":67},"Enter a number: ",[45,41854,64],{"class":63},[45,41856,118],{"class":59},[45,41858,41859],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,41860,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,41862,41863,41865],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41864,29785],{"class":969},[45,41866,1213],{"class":59},[45,41868,41869,41872,41874,41876,41878,41880],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,41870,41871],{"class":51},"    number ",[45,41873,56],{"class":55},[45,41875,40237],{"class":315},[45,41877,109],{"class":59},[45,41879,28],{"class":105},[45,41881,118],{"class":59},[45,41883,41884,41886,41888,41890,41893,41895,41897,41899],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,41885,8055],{"class":124},[45,41887,109],{"class":59},[45,41889,64],{"class":63},[45,41891,41892],{"class":67},"Converted:",[45,41894,64],{"class":63},[45,41896,73],{"class":59},[45,41898,2193],{"class":105},[45,41900,118],{"class":59},[45,41902,41903,41905,41908],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,41904,29816],{"class":969},[45,41906,41907],{"class":315}," ValueError",[45,41909,1213],{"class":59},[45,41911,41912,41914,41916,41918,41921,41923],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,41913,8055],{"class":124},[45,41915,109],{"class":59},[45,41917,64],{"class":63},[45,41919,41920],{"class":67},"That is not a valid number.",[45,41922,64],{"class":63},[45,41924,118],{"class":59},[14,41926,41927,41928,102],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[364,41929,40877],{"href":40876},[31,41931,41933],{"id":41932},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,41935,10577,41936,1301,41938,41940],{},[18,41937,2877],{},[18,41939,2871],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,41942,41943,41945],{},[18,41944,2877],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[36,41947,41949],{"className":38,"code":41948,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,41950,41951],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41952,41953,41955,41957,41959,41961,41963,41966,41968],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41954,125],{"class":124},[45,41956,109],{"class":59},[45,41958,2188],{"class":315},[45,41960,109],{"class":59},[45,41962,64],{"class":63},[45,41964,41965],{"class":67},"3.9",[45,41967,64],{"class":63},[45,41969,1802],{"class":59},[14,41971,268],{},[36,41973,41975],{"className":38,"code":41974,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3.9\n",[18,41976,41977],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41978,41979],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41980,41974],{"class":202},[14,41982,41983,41985],{},[18,41984,2871],{}," creates whole numbers:",[36,41987,41989],{"className":38,"code":41988,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[18,41990,41991],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41992,41993,41995,41997,41999,42001,42003,42005,42007],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41994,125],{"class":124},[45,41996,109],{"class":59},[45,41998,2184],{"class":315},[45,42000,109],{"class":59},[45,42002,64],{"class":63},[45,42004,585],{"class":67},[45,42006,64],{"class":63},[45,42008,1802],{"class":59},[14,42010,268],{},[36,42012,42013],{"className":38,"code":2371,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,42014,42015],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42016,42017],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42018,2371],{"class":202},[14,42020,42021,42022,42025],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,42023,42024],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[36,42027,42029],{"className":38,"code":42028,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,42030,42031],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42032,42033,42035,42037,42039,42041,42043,42045,42047],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42034,125],{"class":124},[45,42036,109],{"class":59},[45,42038,2184],{"class":315},[45,42040,109],{"class":59},[45,42042,64],{"class":63},[45,42044,41965],{"class":67},[45,42046,64],{"class":63},[45,42048,1802],{"class":59},[14,42050,2995,42051,8585,42053,42056],{},[18,42052,1041],{},[18,42054,42055],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,42058,10700],{},[157,42060,42061,42067],{},[160,42062,42063,42066],{},[18,42064,42065],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[160,42068,42069,42071],{},[18,42070,42024],{}," fails",[14,42073,42074,42075,42078,42079,42081],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[364,42076,42077],{"href":2868},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[364,42080,2414],{"href":2413}," helpful.",[31,42083,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,42085,42087],{"id":42086},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,42089,42090,42091,1742,42093,102],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[18,42092,2484],{},[18,42094,40125],{},[1864,42096,42098],{"id":42097},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,42100,42101,42102,1742,42105,102],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[18,42103,42104],{},"\"2.5\"",[18,42106,42107],{},"\"10\"",[1864,42109,42111],{"id":42110},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,42113,29042,42114,42116,42117,102],{},[18,42115,41510],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[18,42118,1041],{},[1864,42120,42122],{"id":42121},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,42124,1877,42125,102],{},[18,42126,3762],{},[1864,42128,42130],{"id":42129},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,42132,42133,42134,42136,42137,1301,42140,42136,42142,102],{},"Yes. ",[18,42135,3598],{}," becomes ",[18,42138,42139],{},"1.0",[18,42141,3667],{},[18,42143,3762],{},[31,42145,1909],{"id":1908},[157,42147,42148,42152,42158,42163,42167,42171],{},[160,42149,42150],{},[364,42151,42077],{"href":2868},[160,42153,42154],{},[364,42155,42157],{"href":42156},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[160,42159,42160],{},[364,42161,42162],{"href":40872},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[160,42164,42165],{},[364,42166,9043],{"href":8965},[160,42168,42169],{},[364,42170,40877],{"href":40876},[160,42172,42173],{},[364,42174,42175],{"href":8205},"Python input() Function Explained",[1936,42177,42178],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":42180},[42181,42182,42183,42184,42191,42196,42197,42204,42209,42216,42217,42224],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":40172,"depth":96,"text":40173},{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":40397,"depth":96,"text":40398,"children":42185},[42186,42187,42188,42189,42190],{"id":40406,"depth":121,"text":40407},{"id":40470,"depth":121,"text":40471},{"id":40534,"depth":121,"text":40535},{"id":40576,"depth":121,"text":40577},{"id":40631,"depth":121,"text":40632},{"id":40670,"depth":96,"text":40671,"children":42192},[42193,42194,42195],{"id":40679,"depth":121,"text":40680},{"id":40764,"depth":121,"text":40765},{"id":40834,"depth":121,"text":40835},{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405},{"id":41026,"depth":96,"text":41027,"children":42198},[42199,42201,42202,42203],{"id":41030,"depth":121,"text":42200},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41123,"depth":121,"text":41124},{"id":41209,"depth":121,"text":41210},{"id":41270,"depth":121,"text":41271},{"id":41330,"depth":96,"text":41331,"children":42205},[42206,42207,42208],{"id":41339,"depth":121,"text":41340},{"id":41378,"depth":121,"text":41379},{"id":41419,"depth":121,"text":41420},{"id":41484,"depth":96,"text":41485,"children":42210},[42211,42212,42213,42214,42215],{"id":41494,"depth":121,"text":1041},{"id":41560,"depth":121,"text":2998},{"id":41627,"depth":121,"text":41628},{"id":41701,"depth":121,"text":41702},{"id":41828,"depth":121,"text":41829},{"id":41932,"depth":96,"text":41933},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":42218},[42219,42220,42221,42222,42223],{"id":42086,"depth":121,"text":42087},{"id":42097,"depth":121,"text":42098},{"id":42110,"depth":121,"text":42111},{"id":42121,"depth":121,"text":42122},{"id":42129,"depth":121,"text":42130},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40073,"description":42225},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42232,"title":42233,"body":42234,"description":43455,"extension":1958,"meta":43456,"navigation":241,"path":35005,"seo":43457,"stem":43458,"__hash__":43459},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42235,"toc":43421},[42236,42239,42244,42247,42249,42288,42302,42306,42311,42314,42331,42334,42344,42359,42362,42364,42367,42383,42386,42389,42409,42413,42424,42427,42431,42435,42449,42484,42488,42499,42534,42537,42539,42547,42580,42596,42598,42608,42629,42640,42642,42647,42650,42664,42666,42685,42688,42701,42704,42708,42712,42726,42729,42747,42750,42765,42769,42774,42788,42794,42796,42853,42855,42888,42891,42907,42911,42918,42922,42927,42930,42941,42945,42950,42965,42974,42979,42998,43001,43013,43015,43020,43030,43033,43062,43067,43076,43080,43085,43088,43092,43097,43099,43129,43132,43139,43144,43149,43153,43156,43164,43167,43245,43248,43270,43272,43276,43279,43283,43289,43352,43356,43364,43368,43371,43373,43398,43418],[10,42237,42233],{"id":42238},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42240,3576,42241,42243],{},[18,42242,35008],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42245,42246],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[31,42248,34],{"id":33},[36,42250,42252],{"className":38,"code":42251,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[18,42253,42254,42264,42274],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42255,42256,42258,42260,42262],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42257,1822],{"class":124},[45,42259,109],{"class":59},[45,42261,11150],{"class":124},[45,42263,118],{"class":59},[45,42265,42266,42268,42270,42272],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,42267,1822],{"class":124},[45,42269,109],{"class":59},[45,42271,3436],{"class":315},[45,42273,118],{"class":59},[45,42275,42276,42278,42280,42282,42284,42286],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,42277,1822],{"class":124},[45,42279,109],{"class":59},[45,42281,429],{"class":63},[45,42283,34640],{"class":67},[45,42285,429],{"class":63},[45,42287,118],{"class":59},[14,42289,141,42290,42292,42293,1742,42295,42297,42298,42301],{},[18,42291,35008],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[18,42294,11150],{},[18,42296,3436],{},", or use a string such as ",[18,42299,42300],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[31,42303,42305],{"id":42304},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42307,42308,42310],{},[18,42309,35008],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42312,42313],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[157,42315,42316,42319,42322,42325,42328],{},[160,42317,42318],{},"Functions",[160,42320,42321],{},"Classes",[160,42323,42324],{},"Methods",[160,42326,42327],{},"Modules",[160,42329,42330],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42332,42333],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42335,42336,42337,42343],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[364,42338,42340],{"href":42339},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[18,42341,42342],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[36,42345,42347],{"className":38,"code":42346,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(len)\n",[18,42348,42349],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42350,42351,42353,42355,42357],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42352,1822],{"class":124},[45,42354,109],{"class":59},[45,42356,11150],{"class":124},[45,42358,118],{"class":59},[14,42360,42361],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[31,42363,2153],{"id":2152},[14,42365,42366],{},"The main form is:",[36,42368,42370],{"className":38,"code":42369,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(object)\n",[18,42371,42372],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42373,42374,42376,42378,42381],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42375,1822],{"class":124},[45,42377,109],{"class":59},[45,42379,42380],{"class":315},"object",[45,42382,118],{"class":59},[14,42384,42385],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42387,42388],{},"Common examples include:",[157,42390,42391,42395,42400,42404],{},[160,42392,42393],{},[18,42394,11150],{},[160,42396,42397],{},[18,42398,42399],{},"list.append",[160,42401,42402],{},[18,42403,3436],{},[160,42405,42406],{},[18,42407,42408],{},"open",[14,42410,7162,42411,7165],{},[18,42412,35008],{},[36,42414,42416],{"className":38,"code":42415,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help()\n",[18,42417,42418],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42419,42420,42422],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42421,1822],{"class":124},[45,42423,8627],{"class":59},[14,42425,42426],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[31,42428,42430],{"id":42429},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1864,42432,42434],{"id":42433},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42436,42437,42438,2185,42440,2185,42442,17058,42445,102],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[18,42439,11150],{},[18,42441,125],{},[18,42443,42444],{},"input",[364,42446,42447],{"href":2294},[18,42448,2297],{},[36,42450,42452],{"className":38,"code":42451,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[18,42453,42454,42464,42474],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42455,42456,42458,42460,42462],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42457,1822],{"class":124},[45,42459,109],{"class":59},[45,42461,125],{"class":124},[45,42463,118],{"class":59},[45,42465,42466,42468,42470,42472],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,42467,1822],{"class":124},[45,42469,109],{"class":59},[45,42471,42444],{"class":124},[45,42473,118],{"class":59},[45,42475,42476,42478,42480,42482],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,42477,1822],{"class":124},[45,42479,109],{"class":59},[45,42481,1811],{"class":315},[45,42483,118],{"class":59},[1864,42485,42487],{"id":42486},"data-types","Data types",[14,42489,42490,42491,2185,42493,2185,42495,17058,42497,102],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[18,42492,3436],{},[18,42494,316],{},[18,42496,8806],{},[18,42498,6274],{},[36,42500,42502],{"className":38,"code":42501,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[18,42503,42504,42514,42524],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42505,42506,42508,42510,42512],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42507,1822],{"class":124},[45,42509,109],{"class":59},[45,42511,3436],{"class":315},[45,42513,118],{"class":59},[45,42515,42516,42518,42520,42522],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,42517,1822],{"class":124},[45,42519,109],{"class":59},[45,42521,316],{"class":315},[45,42523,118],{"class":59},[45,42525,42526,42528,42530,42532],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,42527,1822],{"class":124},[45,42529,109],{"class":59},[45,42531,8806],{"class":315},[45,42533,118],{"class":59},[14,42535,42536],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1864,42538,42324],{"id":34487},[14,42540,42541,42542,1301,42545,102],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[18,42543,42544],{},"str.split",[18,42546,42399],{},[36,42548,42550],{"className":38,"code":42549,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[18,42551,42552,42566],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42553,42554,42556,42558,42560,42562,42564],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42555,1822],{"class":124},[45,42557,109],{"class":59},[45,42559,3436],{"class":315},[45,42561,102],{"class":59},[45,42563,34450],{"class":1831},[45,42565,118],{"class":59},[45,42567,42568,42570,42572,42574,42576,42578],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,42569,1822],{"class":124},[45,42571,109],{"class":59},[45,42573,316],{"class":315},[45,42575,102],{"class":59},[45,42577,13538],{"class":1831},[45,42579,118],{"class":59},[14,42581,42582,42583,8689,42585,28295,42590,42592,42593,42595],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[18,42584,35008],{},[364,42586,42588],{"href":42587},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[18,42589,34292],{},[18,42591,34292],{}," shows available names, while ",[18,42594,35008],{}," explains one of them.",[1864,42597,42327],{"id":34640},[14,42599,42600,42601,2185,42603,17058,42605,102],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[18,42602,18402],{},[18,42604,35171],{},[18,42606,42607],{},"os",[36,42609,42611],{"className":38,"code":42610,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[18,42612,42613,42619],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42614,42615,42617],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42616,35072],{"class":969},[45,42618,35075],{"class":51},[45,42620,42621,42623,42625,42627],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,42622,1822],{"class":124},[45,42624,109],{"class":59},[45,42626,18402],{"class":105},[45,42628,118],{"class":59},[14,42630,42631,42632,42636,42637,102],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[364,42633,42635],{"href":42634},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[364,42638,35138],{"href":42639},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[31,42641,34899],{"id":34898},[14,42643,42644,42646],{},[18,42645,35008],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42648,42649],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[157,42651,42652,42655,42658,42661],{},[160,42653,42654],{},"The function signature",[160,42656,42657],{},"The short description",[160,42659,42660],{},"Parameter names",[160,42662,42663],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42665,5462],{},[36,42667,42669],{"className":38,"code":42668,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(str.split)\n",[18,42670,42671],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42672,42673,42675,42677,42679,42681,42683],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42674,1822],{"class":124},[45,42676,109],{"class":59},[45,42678,3436],{"class":315},[45,42680,102],{"class":59},[45,42682,34450],{"class":1831},[45,42684,118],{"class":59},[14,42686,42687],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[157,42689,42690,42693,42696,42698],{},[160,42691,42692],{},"What object this is",[160,42694,42695],{},"What arguments it accepts",[160,42697,21954],{},[160,42699,42700],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42702,42703],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[31,42705,42707],{"id":42706},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42709,42710,29855],{},[18,42711,35008],{},[157,42713,42714,42717,42720,42723],{},[160,42715,42716],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[160,42718,42719],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[160,42721,42722],{},"You are exploring a new module",[160,42724,42725],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42727,42728],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[36,42730,42731],{"className":38,"code":42668,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,42732,42733],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42734,42735,42737,42739,42741,42743,42745],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42736,1822],{"class":124},[45,42738,109],{"class":59},[45,42740,3436],{"class":315},[45,42742,102],{"class":59},[45,42744,34450],{"class":1831},[45,42746,118],{"class":59},[14,42748,42749],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[36,42751,42753],{"className":38,"code":42752,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(open)\n",[18,42754,42755],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42756,42757,42759,42761,42763],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42758,1822],{"class":124},[45,42760,109],{"class":59},[45,42762,42408],{"class":124},[45,42764,118],{"class":59},[31,42766,42768],{"id":42767},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42770,42771,42773],{},[18,42772,35008],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[157,42775,42776,42779,42782,42785],{},[160,42777,42778],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[160,42780,42781],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[160,42783,42784],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[160,42786,42787],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42789,42790,42791,42793],{},"So, ",[18,42792,35008],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42795,5462],{},[36,42797,42799],{"className":38,"code":42798,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,42800,42801,42814,42838,42842],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42802,42803,42805,42807,42809,42812],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42804,34669],{"class":51},[45,42806,56],{"class":55},[45,42808,76],{"class":63},[45,42810,42811],{"class":67},"a,b,c",[45,42813,1194],{"class":63},[45,42815,42816,42819,42821,42824,42826,42828,42830,42832,42834,42836],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,42817,42818],{"class":51},"parts ",[45,42820,56],{"class":55},[45,42822,42823],{"class":51}," text",[45,42825,102],{"class":59},[45,42827,34450],{"class":105},[45,42829,109],{"class":59},[45,42831,64],{"class":63},[45,42833,73],{"class":67},[45,42835,64],{"class":63},[45,42837,118],{"class":59},[45,42839,42840],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,42841,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,42843,42844,42846,42848,42851],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,42845,125],{"class":124},[45,42847,109],{"class":59},[45,42849,42850],{"class":105},"parts",[45,42852,118],{"class":59},[14,42854,5550],{},[36,42856,42858],{"className":38,"code":42857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,42859,42860],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42861,42862,42864,42866,42868,42870,42872,42874,42876,42878,42880,42882,42884,42886],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42863,278],{"class":59},[45,42865,429],{"class":63},[45,42867,364],{"class":67},[45,42869,429],{"class":63},[45,42871,73],{"class":59},[45,42873,438],{"class":63},[45,42875,373],{"class":67},[45,42877,429],{"class":63},[45,42879,73],{"class":59},[45,42881,438],{"class":63},[45,42883,382],{"class":67},[45,42885,429],{"class":63},[45,42887,93],{"class":59},[14,42889,42890],{},"A good workflow is:",[28694,42892,42893,42898,42901,42904],{},[160,42894,141,42895,42897],{},[18,42896,35008],{}," to inspect something",[160,42899,42900],{},"Write a tiny example",[160,42902,42903],{},"Check the result",[160,42905,42906],{},"Repeat",[31,42908,42910],{"id":42909},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,42912,42913,1301,42915,42917],{},[18,42914,35008],{},[18,42916,34292],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1864,42919,42920],{"id":1822},[18,42921,35008],{},[14,42923,141,42924,42926],{},[18,42925,35008],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,42928,42929],{},"It tells you:",[157,42931,42932,42935,42938],{},[160,42933,42934],{},"What something is",[160,42936,42937],{},"How to use it",[160,42939,42940],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1864,42942,42943],{"id":34353},[18,42944,34292],{},[14,42946,141,42947,42949],{},[18,42948,34292],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[36,42951,42953],{"className":38,"code":42952,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dir(str)\n",[18,42954,42955],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42956,42957,42959,42961,42963],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42958,34353],{"class":124},[45,42960,109],{"class":59},[45,42962,3436],{"class":315},[45,42964,118],{"class":59},[14,42966,42967,42968,2185,42970,17058,42972,102],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[18,42969,34450],{},[18,42971,8618],{},[18,42973,8624],{},[14,42975,42976,42977,1111],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[18,42978,35008],{},[36,42980,42982],{"className":38,"code":42981,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(str.lower)\n",[18,42983,42984],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42985,42986,42988,42990,42992,42994,42996],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42987,1822],{"class":124},[45,42989,109],{"class":59},[45,42991,3436],{"class":315},[45,42993,102],{"class":59},[45,42995,8624],{"class":1831},[45,42997,118],{"class":59},[14,42999,43000],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[157,43002,43003,43008],{},[160,43004,141,43005,43007],{},[18,43006,34292],{}," to discover options",[160,43009,141,43010,43012],{},[18,43011,35008],{}," to understand one option",[31,43014,1709],{"id":1708},[14,43016,43017,43018,102],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[18,43019,35008],{},[1864,43021,1736,43023,43026,43027],{"id":43022},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[18,43024,43025],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[18,43028,43029],{},"help(len)",[14,43031,43032],{},"These are not always the same.",[36,43034,43036],{"className":38,"code":43035,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[18,43037,43038,43048],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43039,43040,43042,43044,43046],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43041,1822],{"class":124},[45,43043,109],{"class":59},[45,43045,11150],{"class":124},[45,43047,118],{"class":59},[45,43049,43050,43052,43054,43056,43058,43060],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,43051,1822],{"class":124},[45,43053,109],{"class":59},[45,43055,429],{"class":63},[45,43057,11150],{"class":67},[45,43059,429],{"class":63},[45,43061,118],{"class":59},[14,43063,43064,43066],{},[18,43065,43029],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,43068,43069,43071,43072,43075],{},[18,43070,43025],{}," treats ",[18,43073,43074],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1864,43077,43079],{"id":43078},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,43081,43082,43084],{},[18,43083,35008],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,43086,43087],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1864,43089,43091],{"id":43090},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,43093,40325,43094,43096],{},[18,43095,35008],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,43098,345],{},[36,43100,43102],{"className":38,"code":43101,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[18,43103,43104,43114],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43105,43106,43108,43110,43112],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43107,1822],{"class":124},[45,43109,109],{"class":59},[45,43111,11150],{"class":124},[45,43113,118],{"class":59},[45,43115,43116,43118,43120,43122,43125,43127],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,43117,125],{"class":124},[45,43119,109],{"class":59},[45,43121,64],{"class":63},[45,43123,43124],{"class":67},"Done",[45,43126,64],{"class":63},[45,43128,118],{"class":59},[14,43130,43131],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1864,43133,37184,43135,8689,43137],{"id":43134},"confusing-help-with-dir",[18,43136,35008],{},[18,43138,34292],{},[14,43140,43141,43142,102],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[18,43143,34292],{},[14,43145,43146,43147,102],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[18,43148,35008],{},[31,43150,43152],{"id":43151},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43154,43155],{},"Open Python:",[36,43157,43158],{"className":38,"code":35524,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,43159,43160],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43161,43162],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43163,35524],{"class":51},[14,43165,43166],{},"Then test these commands:",[36,43168,43170],{"className":38,"code":43169,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[18,43171,43172,43182,43196,43210,43220,43235],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43173,43174,43176,43178,43180],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43175,1822],{"class":124},[45,43177,109],{"class":59},[45,43179,11150],{"class":124},[45,43181,118],{"class":59},[45,43183,43184,43186,43188,43190,43192,43194],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,43185,1822],{"class":124},[45,43187,109],{"class":59},[45,43189,3436],{"class":315},[45,43191,102],{"class":59},[45,43193,34450],{"class":1831},[45,43195,118],{"class":59},[45,43197,43198,43200,43202,43204,43206,43208],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,43199,1822],{"class":124},[45,43201,109],{"class":59},[45,43203,316],{"class":315},[45,43205,102],{"class":59},[45,43207,13538],{"class":1831},[45,43209,118],{"class":59},[45,43211,43212,43214,43216,43218],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,43213,1822],{"class":124},[45,43215,109],{"class":59},[45,43217,42408],{"class":124},[45,43219,118],{"class":59},[45,43221,43222,43224,43226,43228,43231,43233],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,43223,1822],{"class":124},[45,43225,109],{"class":59},[45,43227,429],{"class":63},[45,43229,43230],{"class":67},"keywords",[45,43232,429],{"class":63},[45,43234,118],{"class":59},[45,43236,43237,43239,43241,43243],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,43238,34353],{"class":124},[45,43240,109],{"class":59},[45,43242,3436],{"class":315},[45,43244,118],{"class":59},[14,43246,43247],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[157,43249,43250,43253,43256,43259,43262,43265],{},[160,43251,43252],{},"A built-in function",[160,43254,43255],{},"A string method",[160,43257,43258],{},"A list method",[160,43260,43261],{},"A built-in file function",[160,43263,43264],{},"A special help topic",[160,43266,15175,43267,43269],{},[18,43268,34292],{}," example for comparison",[31,43271,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,43273,43275],{"id":43274},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43277,43278],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1864,43280,43282],{"id":43281},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43284,43285,43286,43288],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[18,43287,35008],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[36,43290,43292],{"className":38,"code":43291,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[18,43293,43294,43306,43319,43338,43342],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43295,43296,43298,43300,43302,43304],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43297,34832],{"class":2059},[45,43299,34836],{"class":34835},[45,43301,109],{"class":59},[45,43303,7656],{"class":37643},[45,43305,8327],{"class":59},[45,43307,43308,43312,43316],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,43309,43311],{"class":43310},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[45,43313,43315],{"class":43314},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[45,43317,43318],{"class":43310},"\"\"\"\n",[45,43320,43321,43323,43326,43329,43331,43333,43335],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,43322,34843],{"class":969},[45,43324,43325],{"class":2059}," f",[45,43327,43328],{"class":67},"\"Hello, ",[45,43330,9264],{"class":202},[45,43332,7656],{"class":51},[45,43334,22287],{"class":202},[45,43336,43337],{"class":67},"!\"\n",[45,43339,43340],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,43341,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,43343,43344,43346,43348,43350],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,43345,1822],{"class":124},[45,43347,109],{"class":59},[45,43349,34878],{"class":105},[45,43351,118],{"class":59},[1864,43353,43355],{"id":43354},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43357,43358,43360,43361,43363],{},[18,43359,43029],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[18,43362,43025],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1864,43365,43367],{"id":43366},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43369,43370],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[31,43372,1909],{"id":1908},[157,43374,43375,43380,43384,43389,43394],{},[160,43376,43377],{},[364,43378,43379],{"href":42587},"Python dir() function explained",[160,43381,43382],{},[364,43383,8426],{"href":2294},[160,43385,43386],{},[364,43387,43388],{"href":42339},"Python len() function explained",[160,43390,43391],{},[364,43392,43393],{"href":42634},"How import works in Python",[160,43395,43396],{},[364,43397,35138],{"href":42639},[14,43399,43400,43401,43403,43404,2185,43406,17058,43408,43410,43411,1742,43414,43417],{},"Try ",[18,43402,35008],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[18,43405,11150],{},[18,43407,125],{},[18,43409,42444],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[18,43412,43413],{},"dir(str)",[18,43415,43416],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1936,43419,43420],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":43422},[43423,43424,43425,43426,43432,43433,43434,43435,43439,43447,43448,43454],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":42304,"depth":96,"text":42305},{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":42429,"depth":96,"text":42430,"children":43427},[43428,43429,43430,43431],{"id":42433,"depth":121,"text":42434},{"id":42486,"depth":121,"text":42487},{"id":34487,"depth":121,"text":42324},{"id":34640,"depth":121,"text":42327},{"id":34898,"depth":96,"text":34899},{"id":42706,"depth":96,"text":42707},{"id":42767,"depth":96,"text":42768},{"id":42909,"depth":96,"text":42910,"children":43436},[43437,43438],{"id":1822,"depth":121,"text":35008},{"id":34353,"depth":121,"text":34292},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":43440},[43441,43443,43444,43445],{"id":43022,"depth":121,"text":43442},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43078,"depth":121,"text":43079},{"id":43090,"depth":121,"text":43091},{"id":43134,"depth":121,"text":43446},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43151,"depth":96,"text":43152},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":43449},[43450,43451,43452,43453],{"id":43274,"depth":121,"text":43275},{"id":43281,"depth":121,"text":43282},{"id":43354,"depth":121,"text":43355},{"id":43366,"depth":121,"text":43367},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42233,"description":43455},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43461,"title":43462,"body":43463,"description":44824,"extension":1958,"meta":44825,"navigation":241,"path":44826,"seo":44827,"stem":44828,"__hash__":44829},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43464,"toc":44797},[43465,43471,43476,43482,43492,43551,43561,43572,43577,43583,43585,43603,43611,43613,43615,43630,43633,43644,43646,43737,43740,43744,43749,43770,43772,43883,43885,43912,43923,43927,43930,44013,44015,44023,44029,44035,44039,44042,44152,44154,44167,44170,44184,44192,44199,44204,44218,44224,44337,44339,44400,44403,44409,44415,44418,44440,44443,44513,44516,44548,44555,44557,44560,44578,44581,44593,44599,44601,44606,44631,44634,44706,44708,44714,44717,44723,44726,44732,44742,44748,44751,44758,44761,44763,44794],[10,43466,3569,43468,3573],{"id":43467},"python-id-function-explained",[18,43469,43470],{},"id()",[14,43472,32298,43473,43475],{},[18,43474,43470],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43477,43478,43479,43481],{},"Beginners usually see ",[18,43480,43470],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43483,141,43484,43486,43487,43489,43490,102],{},[18,43485,43470],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[26,43488,178],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[18,43491,4679],{},[36,43493,43495],{"className":38,"code":43494,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[18,43496,43497,43509,43523,43527,43537],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43498,43499,43501,43503,43505,43507],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43500,7862],{"class":51},[45,43502,56],{"class":55},[45,43504,76],{"class":63},[45,43506,7284],{"class":67},[45,43508,1194],{"class":63},[45,43510,43511,43513,43515,43517,43519,43521],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,43512,125],{"class":124},[45,43514,109],{"class":59},[45,43516,12637],{"class":124},[45,43518,109],{"class":59},[45,43520,7656],{"class":105},[45,43522,1802],{"class":59},[45,43524,43525],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,43526,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,43528,43529,43532,43534],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,43530,43531],{"class":51},"other ",[45,43533,56],{"class":55},[45,43535,43536],{"class":51}," name\n",[45,43538,43539,43541,43543,43545,43547,43549],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,43540,125],{"class":124},[45,43542,109],{"class":59},[45,43544,12637],{"class":124},[45,43546,109],{"class":59},[45,43548,30724],{"class":105},[45,43550,1802],{"class":59},[14,43552,43553,43554,43557,43558,43560],{},"In this example, ",[18,43555,43556],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[18,43559,43470],{}," values match.",[43562,43563,43564],"blockquote",{},[14,43565,141,43566,43568,43569,43571],{},[18,43567,43470],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[18,43570,4679],{}," for value comparison.",[31,43573,3671,43575,3674],{"id":43574},"what-id-does",[18,43576,43470],{},[14,43578,43579,43582],{},[18,43580,43581],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43584,13039],{},[157,43586,43587,43590,43597,43600],{},[160,43588,43589],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[160,43591,43592,43593,43596],{},"It shows ",[26,43594,43595],{},"object identity",", not object value",[160,43598,43599],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[160,43601,43602],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43604,43605,43606,43610],{},"This is closely related to how ",[364,43607,43609],{"href":43608},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[31,43612,2153],{"id":2152},[14,43614,5424],{},[36,43616,43618],{"className":38,"code":43617,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"id(object)\n",[18,43619,43620],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43621,43622,43624,43626,43628],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43623,12637],{"class":124},[45,43625,109],{"class":59},[45,43627,42380],{"class":315},[45,43629,118],{"class":59},[14,43631,43632],{},"Important details:",[157,43634,43635,43638,43641],{},[160,43636,43637],{},"It takes one argument",[160,43639,43640],{},"It returns an integer",[160,43642,43643],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43645,345],{},[36,43647,43649],{"className":38,"code":43648,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[18,43650,43651,43663,43671,43691,43695,43709,43723],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43652,43653,43655,43657,43659,43661],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43654,34669],{"class":51},[45,43656,56],{"class":55},[45,43658,76],{"class":63},[45,43660,3839],{"class":67},[45,43662,1194],{"class":63},[45,43664,43665,43667,43669],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,43666,2213],{"class":51},[45,43668,56],{"class":55},[45,43670,2763],{"class":202},[45,43672,43673,43675,43677,43679,43681,43683,43685,43687,43689],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,43674,52],{"class":51},[45,43676,56],{"class":55},[45,43678,60],{"class":59},[45,43680,203],{"class":202},[45,43682,73],{"class":59},[45,43684,208],{"class":202},[45,43686,73],{"class":59},[45,43688,213],{"class":202},[45,43690,93],{"class":59},[45,43692,43693],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,43694,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,43696,43697,43699,43701,43703,43705,43707],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,43698,125],{"class":124},[45,43700,109],{"class":59},[45,43702,12637],{"class":124},[45,43704,109],{"class":59},[45,43706,34690],{"class":105},[45,43708,1802],{"class":59},[45,43710,43711,43713,43715,43717,43719,43721],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,43712,125],{"class":124},[45,43714,109],{"class":59},[45,43716,12637],{"class":124},[45,43718,109],{"class":59},[45,43720,2235],{"class":105},[45,43722,1802],{"class":59},[45,43724,43725,43727,43729,43731,43733,43735],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,43726,125],{"class":124},[45,43728,109],{"class":59},[45,43730,12637],{"class":124},[45,43732,109],{"class":59},[45,43734,99],{"class":105},[45,43736,1802],{"class":59},[14,43738,43739],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[31,43741,43743],{"id":43742},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43745,43746,43747,102],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[18,43748,43470],{},[157,43750,43751,43758,43765],{},[160,43752,43753,43755,43756],{},[18,43754,4679],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[26,43757,28],{},[160,43759,43760,43762,43763],{},[18,43761,12182],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[26,43764,42380],{},[160,43766,43767,43769],{},[18,43768,43470],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43771,345],{},[36,43773,43775],{"className":38,"code":43774,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[18,43776,43777,43797,43817,43821,43838,43855,43869],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43778,43779,43781,43783,43785,43787,43789,43791,43793,43795],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43780,2548],{"class":51},[45,43782,56],{"class":55},[45,43784,60],{"class":59},[45,43786,203],{"class":202},[45,43788,73],{"class":59},[45,43790,208],{"class":202},[45,43792,73],{"class":59},[45,43794,213],{"class":202},[45,43796,93],{"class":59},[45,43798,43799,43801,43803,43805,43807,43809,43811,43813,43815],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,43800,2576],{"class":51},[45,43802,56],{"class":55},[45,43804,60],{"class":59},[45,43806,203],{"class":202},[45,43808,73],{"class":59},[45,43810,208],{"class":202},[45,43812,73],{"class":59},[45,43814,213],{"class":202},[45,43816,93],{"class":59},[45,43818,43819],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,43820,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,43822,43823,43825,43827,43829,43831,43833,43835],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,43824,125],{"class":124},[45,43826,109],{"class":59},[45,43828,2548],{"class":105},[45,43830,4679],{"class":55},[45,43832,2553],{"class":105},[45,43834,3654],{"class":59},[45,43836,43837],{"class":137},"   # True\n",[45,43839,43840,43842,43844,43846,43848,43850,43852],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,43841,125],{"class":124},[45,43843,109],{"class":59},[45,43845,2548],{"class":105},[45,43847,12182],{"class":969},[45,43849,2553],{"class":105},[45,43851,3654],{"class":59},[45,43853,43854],{"class":137},"   # False\n",[45,43856,43857,43859,43861,43863,43865,43867],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,43858,125],{"class":124},[45,43860,109],{"class":59},[45,43862,12637],{"class":124},[45,43864,109],{"class":59},[45,43866,364],{"class":105},[45,43868,1802],{"class":59},[45,43870,43871,43873,43875,43877,43879,43881],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,43872,125],{"class":124},[45,43874,109],{"class":59},[45,43876,12637],{"class":124},[45,43878,109],{"class":59},[45,43880,373],{"class":105},[45,43882,1802],{"class":59},[14,43884,2174],{},[157,43886,43887,43895,43903],{},[160,43888,43889,4774,43892,43894],{},[18,43890,43891],{},"a == b",[18,43893,3598],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[160,43896,43897,4774,43900,43902],{},[18,43898,43899],{},"a is b",[18,43901,3667],{}," because they are different list objects",[160,43904,43905,1301,43908,43911],{},[18,43906,43907],{},"id(a)",[18,43909,43910],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,43913,43914,43915,1301,43919,102],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[364,43916,43918],{"href":43917},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[364,43920,43922],{"href":43921},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[31,43924,43926],{"id":43925},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,43928,43929],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[36,43931,43933],{"className":38,"code":43932,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[18,43934,43935,43955,43965,43969,43983,43998],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43936,43937,43939,43941,43943,43945,43947,43949,43951,43953],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43938,195],{"class":51},[45,43940,56],{"class":55},[45,43942,60],{"class":59},[45,43944,585],{"class":202},[45,43946,73],{"class":59},[45,43948,590],{"class":202},[45,43950,73],{"class":59},[45,43952,595],{"class":202},[45,43954,93],{"class":59},[45,43956,43957,43960,43962],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,43958,43959],{"class":51},"other_numbers ",[45,43961,56],{"class":55},[45,43963,43964],{"class":51}," numbers\n",[45,43966,43967],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,43968,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,43970,43971,43973,43975,43977,43979,43981],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,43972,125],{"class":124},[45,43974,109],{"class":59},[45,43976,12637],{"class":124},[45,43978,109],{"class":59},[45,43980,251],{"class":105},[45,43982,1802],{"class":59},[45,43984,43985,43987,43989,43991,43993,43996],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,43986,125],{"class":124},[45,43988,109],{"class":59},[45,43990,12637],{"class":124},[45,43992,109],{"class":59},[45,43994,43995],{"class":105},"other_numbers",[45,43997,1802],{"class":59},[45,43999,44000,44002,44004,44006,44008,44011],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,44001,125],{"class":124},[45,44003,109],{"class":59},[45,44005,195],{"class":105},[45,44007,12182],{"class":969},[45,44009,44010],{"class":105}," other_numbers",[45,44012,118],{"class":59},[14,44014,5550],{},[36,44016,44017],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,44018,44019],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44020,44021],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44022,3971],{"class":291},[14,44024,44025,44026,44028],{},"The two ",[18,44027,43470],{}," values will also match.",[14,44030,22173,44031,44034],{},[18,44032,44033],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[31,44036,44038],{"id":44037},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,44040,44041],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[36,44043,44045],{"className":38,"code":44044,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[18,44046,44047,44068,44089,44093,44108,44122,44137],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44048,44049,44052,44054,44056,44058,44060,44062,44064,44066],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44050,44051],{"class":51},"list_a ",[45,44053,56],{"class":55},[45,44055,60],{"class":59},[45,44057,203],{"class":202},[45,44059,73],{"class":59},[45,44061,208],{"class":202},[45,44063,73],{"class":59},[45,44065,213],{"class":202},[45,44067,93],{"class":59},[45,44069,44070,44073,44075,44077,44079,44081,44083,44085,44087],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,44071,44072],{"class":51},"list_b ",[45,44074,56],{"class":55},[45,44076,60],{"class":59},[45,44078,203],{"class":202},[45,44080,73],{"class":59},[45,44082,208],{"class":202},[45,44084,73],{"class":59},[45,44086,213],{"class":202},[45,44088,93],{"class":59},[45,44090,44091],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,44092,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,44094,44095,44097,44099,44101,44103,44106],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,44096,125],{"class":124},[45,44098,109],{"class":59},[45,44100,44051],{"class":105},[45,44102,4679],{"class":55},[45,44104,44105],{"class":105}," list_b",[45,44107,118],{"class":59},[45,44109,44110,44112,44114,44116,44118,44120],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,44111,125],{"class":124},[45,44113,109],{"class":59},[45,44115,44051],{"class":105},[45,44117,12182],{"class":969},[45,44119,44105],{"class":105},[45,44121,118],{"class":59},[45,44123,44124,44126,44128,44130,44132,44135],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,44125,125],{"class":124},[45,44127,109],{"class":59},[45,44129,12637],{"class":124},[45,44131,109],{"class":59},[45,44133,44134],{"class":105},"list_a",[45,44136,1802],{"class":59},[45,44138,44139,44141,44143,44145,44147,44150],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,44140,125],{"class":124},[45,44142,109],{"class":59},[45,44144,12637],{"class":124},[45,44146,109],{"class":59},[45,44148,44149],{"class":105},"list_b",[45,44151,1802],{"class":59},[14,44153,5550],{},[36,44155,44157],{"className":38,"code":44156,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nFalse\n",[18,44158,44159,44163],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44160,44161],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44162,3971],{"class":291},[45,44164,44165],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,44166,4032],{"class":291},[14,44168,44169],{},"What this means:",[157,44171,44172,44175,44178],{},[160,44173,44174],{},"The lists are equal in value",[160,44176,44177],{},"They are not the same object",[160,44179,44180,44181,44183],{},"Their ",[18,44182,43470],{}," values are usually different",[14,44185,44186,44187,44189,44190,102],{},"This is why ",[18,44188,43470],{}," should not replace ",[18,44191,4679],{},[31,44193,44195,44196,44198],{"id":44194},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[18,44197,43470],{}," is useful",[14,44200,44201,44203],{},[18,44202,43470],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[157,44205,44206,44209,44212,44215],{},[160,44207,44208],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[160,44210,44211],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[160,44213,44214],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[160,44216,44217],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44219,44220,44221,44223],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[18,44222,43470],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[36,44225,44227],{"className":38,"code":44226,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[18,44228,44229,44253,44262,44266,44285,44289,44299,44309,44323],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44230,44231,44233,44235,44237,44239,44241,44243,44245,44247,44249,44251],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44232,12074],{"class":51},[45,44234,56],{"class":55},[45,44236,60],{"class":59},[45,44238,64],{"class":63},[45,44240,364],{"class":67},[45,44242,64],{"class":63},[45,44244,73],{"class":59},[45,44246,76],{"class":63},[45,44248,373],{"class":67},[45,44250,64],{"class":63},[45,44252,93],{"class":59},[45,44254,44255,44258,44260],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,44256,44257],{"class":51},"copy_ref ",[45,44259,56],{"class":55},[45,44261,12112],{"class":51},[45,44263,44264],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,44265,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,44267,44268,44271,44273,44275,44277,44279,44281,44283],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,44269,44270],{"class":51},"copy_ref",[45,44272,102],{"class":59},[45,44274,13538],{"class":105},[45,44276,109],{"class":59},[45,44278,64],{"class":63},[45,44280,382],{"class":67},[45,44282,64],{"class":63},[45,44284,118],{"class":59},[45,44286,44287],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,44288,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,44290,44291,44293,44295,44297],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,44292,125],{"class":124},[45,44294,109],{"class":59},[45,44296,12121],{"class":105},[45,44298,118],{"class":59},[45,44300,44301,44303,44305,44307],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,44302,125],{"class":124},[45,44304,109],{"class":59},[45,44306,44270],{"class":105},[45,44308,118],{"class":59},[45,44310,44311,44313,44315,44317,44319,44321],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,44312,125],{"class":124},[45,44314,109],{"class":59},[45,44316,12637],{"class":124},[45,44318,109],{"class":59},[45,44320,12121],{"class":105},[45,44322,1802],{"class":59},[45,44324,44325,44327,44329,44331,44333,44335],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,44326,125],{"class":124},[45,44328,109],{"class":59},[45,44330,12637],{"class":124},[45,44332,109],{"class":59},[45,44334,44270],{"class":105},[45,44336,1802],{"class":59},[14,44338,5550],{},[36,44340,44342],{"className":38,"code":44341,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,44343,44344,44372],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44345,44346,44348,44350,44352,44354,44356,44358,44360,44362,44364,44366,44368,44370],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44347,278],{"class":59},[45,44349,429],{"class":63},[45,44351,364],{"class":67},[45,44353,429],{"class":63},[45,44355,73],{"class":59},[45,44357,438],{"class":63},[45,44359,373],{"class":67},[45,44361,429],{"class":63},[45,44363,73],{"class":59},[45,44365,438],{"class":63},[45,44367,382],{"class":67},[45,44369,429],{"class":63},[45,44371,93],{"class":59},[45,44373,44374,44376,44378,44380,44382,44384,44386,44388,44390,44392,44394,44396,44398],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,44375,278],{"class":59},[45,44377,429],{"class":63},[45,44379,364],{"class":67},[45,44381,429],{"class":63},[45,44383,73],{"class":59},[45,44385,438],{"class":63},[45,44387,373],{"class":67},[45,44389,429],{"class":63},[45,44391,73],{"class":59},[45,44393,438],{"class":63},[45,44395,382],{"class":67},[45,44397,429],{"class":63},[45,44399,93],{"class":59},[14,44401,44402],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[31,44404,44406,44407],{"id":44405},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[18,44408,43470],{},[14,44410,44411,44412,44414],{},"Do not use ",[18,44413,43470],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44416,44417],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[157,44419,44420,44426,44432,44435],{},[160,44421,44422,44423,44425],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[18,44424,4679],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[160,44427,44428,44429,44431],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[18,44430,43470],{}," values across program runs",[160,44433,44434],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[160,44436,44437,44438],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[18,44439,43470],{},[14,44441,44442],{},"Bad example:",[36,44444,44446],{"className":38,"code":44445,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44447,44448,44460,44472,44476,44498],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44449,44450,44452,44454,44456,44458],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44451,2548],{"class":51},[45,44453,56],{"class":55},[45,44455,76],{"class":63},[45,44457,37027],{"class":67},[45,44459,1194],{"class":63},[45,44461,44462,44464,44466,44468,44470],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,44463,2576],{"class":51},[45,44465,56],{"class":55},[45,44467,76],{"class":63},[45,44469,37027],{"class":67},[45,44471,1194],{"class":63},[45,44473,44474],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,44475,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,44477,44478,44480,44482,44484,44486,44488,44490,44492,44494,44496],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,44479,982],{"class":969},[45,44481,14802],{"class":124},[45,44483,109],{"class":59},[45,44485,364],{"class":105},[45,44487,3654],{"class":59},[45,44489,6395],{"class":55},[45,44491,14802],{"class":124},[45,44493,109],{"class":59},[45,44495,373],{"class":105},[45,44497,8327],{"class":59},[45,44499,44500,44502,44504,44506,44509,44511],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,44501,8055],{"class":124},[45,44503,109],{"class":59},[45,44505,64],{"class":63},[45,44507,44508],{"class":67},"The values are equal",[45,44510,64],{"class":63},[45,44512,118],{"class":59},[14,44514,44515],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[36,44517,44519],{"className":38,"code":44518,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44520,44521,44534],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44522,44523,44525,44528,44530,44532],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44524,982],{"class":969},[45,44526,44527],{"class":51}," a ",[45,44529,4679],{"class":55},[45,44531,2553],{"class":51},[45,44533,1213],{"class":59},[45,44535,44536,44538,44540,44542,44544,44546],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,44537,8055],{"class":124},[45,44539,109],{"class":59},[45,44541,64],{"class":63},[45,44543,44508],{"class":67},[45,44545,64],{"class":63},[45,44547,118],{"class":59},[14,44549,141,44550,1742,44552,44554],{},[18,44551,12182],{},[18,44553,43470],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[31,44556,20787],{"id":20786},[14,44558,44559],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[157,44561,44562,44565,44568,44573],{},[160,44563,44564],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[160,44566,44567],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[160,44569,44570,44571],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[18,44572,43470],{},[160,44574,44575,44576],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[18,44577,43470],{},[14,44579,44580],{},"The important rule is:",[157,44582,44583,44588],{},[160,44584,141,44585,44587],{},[18,44586,4679],{}," to check value",[160,44589,141,44590,44592],{},[18,44591,12182],{}," to check identity",[14,44594,44595,44596,44598],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[18,44597,43470],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[31,44600,1709],{"id":1708},[14,44602,44603,44604,1111],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[18,44605,43470],{},[157,44607,44608,44615,44618,44621,44626],{},[160,44609,1736,44610,1739,44612,44614],{},[18,44611,43470],{},[18,44613,4679],{}," should be used",[160,44616,44617],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[160,44619,44620],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[160,44622,44623,44624],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[18,44625,43470],{},[160,44627,1736,44628,44630],{},[18,44629,43470],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44632,44633],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[36,44635,44637],{"className":38,"code":44636,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[18,44638,44639,44654,44668,44682,44696],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44640,44641,44643,44645,44647,44649,44652],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44642,125],{"class":124},[45,44644,109],{"class":59},[45,44646,12637],{"class":124},[45,44648,109],{"class":59},[45,44650,44651],{"class":105},"my_object",[45,44653,1802],{"class":59},[45,44655,44656,44658,44660,44662,44664,44666],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,44657,125],{"class":124},[45,44659,109],{"class":59},[45,44661,2548],{"class":105},[45,44663,4679],{"class":55},[45,44665,2553],{"class":105},[45,44667,118],{"class":59},[45,44669,44670,44672,44674,44676,44678,44680],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,44671,125],{"class":124},[45,44673,109],{"class":59},[45,44675,2548],{"class":105},[45,44677,12182],{"class":969},[45,44679,2553],{"class":105},[45,44681,118],{"class":59},[45,44683,44684,44686,44688,44690,44692,44694],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,44685,125],{"class":124},[45,44687,109],{"class":59},[45,44689,1811],{"class":315},[45,44691,109],{"class":59},[45,44693,44651],{"class":105},[45,44695,1802],{"class":59},[45,44697,44698,44700,44702,44704],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,44699,1822],{"class":124},[45,44701,109],{"class":59},[45,44703,12637],{"class":124},[45,44705,118],{"class":59},[31,44707,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,44709,44711,44712,12703],{"id":44710},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[18,44713,43470],{},[14,44715,44716],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1864,44718,14889,44720,44722],{"id":44719},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[18,44721,43470],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44724,44725],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1864,44727,21405,44729,44731],{"id":44728},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[18,44730,43470],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44733,30251,44734,44736,44737,1742,44739,44741],{},[18,44735,4679],{}," to compare values. Use ",[18,44738,43470],{},[18,44740,12182],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1864,44743,44745,44746,2485],{"id":44744},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[18,44747,43470],{},[14,44749,44750],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1864,44752,44754,44755,44757],{"id":44753},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[18,44756,43470],{}," values?",[14,44759,44760],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[31,44762,1909],{"id":1908},[157,44764,44765,44770,44775,44780,44788],{},[160,44766,44767],{},[364,44768,44769],{"href":43608},"Python variables explained for beginners",[160,44771,44772],{},[364,44773,44774],{"href":43917},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[160,44776,44777],{},[364,44778,44779],{"href":43921},"Python data types overview",[160,44781,44782],{},[364,44783,3569,44785,3502],{"href":44784},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[18,44786,44787],{},"isinstance()",[160,44789,44790],{},[364,44791,44793],{"href":44792},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1936,44795,44796],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":44798},[44799,44801,44802,44803,44804,44805,44807,44809,44810,44811,44823],{"id":43574,"depth":96,"text":44800},"What id() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":43742,"depth":96,"text":43743},{"id":43925,"depth":96,"text":43926},{"id":44037,"depth":96,"text":44038},{"id":44194,"depth":96,"text":44806},"When id() is useful",{"id":44405,"depth":96,"text":44808},"When not to use id()",{"id":20786,"depth":96,"text":20787},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":44812},[44813,44815,44817,44819,44821],{"id":44710,"depth":121,"text":44814},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44719,"depth":121,"text":44816},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44728,"depth":121,"text":44818},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44744,"depth":121,"text":44820},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44753,"depth":121,"text":44822},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43462,"description":44824},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44831,"title":42175,"body":44832,"description":46471,"extension":1958,"meta":46472,"navigation":241,"path":46473,"seo":46474,"stem":46475,"__hash__":46476},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44833,"toc":46437},[44834,44839,44844,44847,44849,44892,44897,44900,44905,44910,44913,44929,44931,44975,44977,45004,45006,45021,45023,45025,45027,45043,45045,45057,45060,45094,45097,45122,45127,45129,45134,45138,45141,45143,45191,45193,45226,45232,45243,45245,45297,45299,45330,45332,45336,45340,45383,45389,45395,45447,45455,45460,45464,45555,45557,45590,45593,45595,45655,45657,45683,45693,45695,45699,45704,45709,45711,45748,45750,45769,45772,45776,45779,45835,45847,45856,45858,45885,45893,45900,45904,45907,45944,45947,45953,45990,45992,45996,46002,46020,46024,46072,46076,46165,46168,46175,46177,46179,46184,46202,46204,46247,46253,46270,46272,46334,46336,46338,46344,46352,46358,46364,46373,46383,46387,46395,46397,46399,46434],[10,44835,3569,44837,3573],{"id":44836},"python-input-function-explained",[18,44838,2951],{},[14,44840,16,44841,44843],{},[18,44842,2951],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,44845,44846],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[31,44848,34],{"id":33},[36,44850,44852],{"className":38,"code":44851,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[18,44853,44854,44873],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44855,44856,44858,44860,44862,44864,44866,44869,44871],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44857,7862],{"class":51},[45,44859,56],{"class":55},[45,44861,8228],{"class":124},[45,44863,109],{"class":59},[45,44865,64],{"class":63},[45,44867,44868],{"class":67},"Enter your name: ",[45,44870,64],{"class":63},[45,44872,118],{"class":59},[45,44874,44875,44877,44879,44881,44884,44886,44888,44890],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,44876,125],{"class":124},[45,44878,109],{"class":59},[45,44880,64],{"class":63},[45,44882,44883],{"class":67},"Hello, ",[45,44885,64],{"class":63},[45,44887,2447],{"class":55},[45,44889,35973],{"class":105},[45,44891,118],{"class":59},[14,44893,141,44894,44896],{},[18,44895,2951],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44898,44899],"hr",{},[31,44901,3671,44903,3674],{"id":44902},"what-input-does",[18,44904,2951],{},[14,44906,44907,44909],{},[18,44908,2951],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,44911,44912],{},"Here is what happens:",[157,44914,44915,44920,44923,44926],{},[160,44916,44917,44919],{},[18,44918,2951],{}," waits for the user to type",[160,44921,44922],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[160,44924,44925],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[160,44927,44928],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,44930,345],{},[36,44932,44934],{"className":38,"code":44933,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[18,44935,44936,44956],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44937,44938,44941,44943,44945,44947,44949,44952,44954],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44939,44940],{"class":51},"color ",[45,44942,56],{"class":55},[45,44944,8228],{"class":124},[45,44946,109],{"class":59},[45,44948,64],{"class":63},[45,44950,44951],{"class":67},"What is your favorite color? ",[45,44953,64],{"class":63},[45,44955,118],{"class":59},[45,44957,44958,44960,44962,44964,44967,44969,44971,44973],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,44959,125],{"class":124},[45,44961,109],{"class":59},[45,44963,64],{"class":63},[45,44965,44966],{"class":67},"Your favorite color is",[45,44968,64],{"class":63},[45,44970,73],{"class":59},[45,44972,35832],{"class":105},[45,44974,118],{"class":59},[14,44976,30010],{},[36,44978,44980],{"className":38,"code":44979,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[18,44981,44982,44995],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44983,44984,44986,44988,44991,44993],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44985,3671],{"class":51},[45,44987,12182],{"class":55},[45,44989,44990],{"class":51}," your favorite color",[45,44992,2485],{"class":37347},[45,44994,35862],{"class":51},[45,44996,44997,45000,45002],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,44998,44999],{"class":51},"Your favorite color ",[45,45001,12182],{"class":55},[45,45003,35862],{"class":51},[14,45005,19943],{},[157,45007,45008,45013,45018],{},[160,45009,45010,45011],{},"The prompt is ",[18,45012,44951],{},[160,45014,45015,45016],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[18,45017,32872],{},[160,45019,45020],{},"That value is then printed",[44898,45022],{},[31,45024,2153],{"id":2152},[14,45026,7205],{},[36,45028,45030],{"className":38,"code":45029,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"input(prompt)\n",[18,45031,45032],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45033,45034,45036,45038,45041],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45035,42444],{"class":124},[45,45037,109],{"class":59},[45,45039,45040],{"class":105},"prompt",[45,45042,118],{"class":59},[14,45044,11447],{},[157,45046,45047,45051,45054],{},[160,45048,16,45049,20025],{},[18,45050,45040],{},[160,45052,45053],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[160,45055,45056],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,45058,45059],{},"Example with a prompt:",[36,45061,45063],{"className":38,"code":45062,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[18,45064,45065,45084],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45066,45067,45069,45071,45073,45075,45077,45080,45082],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45068,7947],{"class":51},[45,45070,56],{"class":55},[45,45072,8228],{"class":124},[45,45074,109],{"class":59},[45,45076,64],{"class":63},[45,45078,45079],{"class":67},"Enter your username: ",[45,45081,64],{"class":63},[45,45083,118],{"class":59},[45,45085,45086,45088,45090,45092],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45087,125],{"class":124},[45,45089,109],{"class":59},[45,45091,7971],{"class":105},[45,45093,118],{"class":59},[14,45095,45096],{},"Example without a prompt:",[36,45098,45100],{"className":38,"code":45099,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[18,45101,45102,45112],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45103,45104,45106,45108,45110],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45105,1185],{"class":51},[45,45107,56],{"class":55},[45,45109,8228],{"class":124},[45,45111,8627],{"class":59},[45,45113,45114,45116,45118,45120],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45115,125],{"class":124},[45,45117,109],{"class":59},[45,45119,28],{"class":105},[45,45121,118],{"class":59},[14,45123,7751,45124,45126],{},[18,45125,2951],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44898,45128],{},[31,45130,3671,45132,11694],{"id":45131},"what-input-returns",[18,45133,2951],{},[14,45135,45136,8211],{},[18,45137,2951],{},[14,45139,45140],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45142,345],{},[36,45144,45146],{"className":38,"code":45145,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45147,45148,45167,45177],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45149,45150,45152,45154,45156,45158,45160,45163,45165],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45151,21612],{"class":51},[45,45153,56],{"class":55},[45,45155,8228],{"class":124},[45,45157,109],{"class":59},[45,45159,64],{"class":63},[45,45161,45162],{"class":67},"Enter your age: ",[45,45164,64],{"class":63},[45,45166,118],{"class":59},[45,45168,45169,45171,45173,45175],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45170,125],{"class":124},[45,45172,109],{"class":59},[45,45174,9285],{"class":105},[45,45176,118],{"class":59},[45,45178,45179,45181,45183,45185,45187,45189],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45180,125],{"class":124},[45,45182,109],{"class":59},[45,45184,1811],{"class":315},[45,45186,109],{"class":59},[45,45188,9285],{"class":105},[45,45190,1802],{"class":59},[14,45192,30010],{},[36,45194,45196],{"className":38,"code":45195,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45197,45198,45208,45212],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45199,45200,45203,45205],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45201,45202],{"class":51},"Enter your age",[45,45204,1111],{"class":59},[45,45206,45207],{"class":202}," 25\n",[45,45209,45210],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45211,2703],{"class":202},[45,45213,45214,45216,45218,45220,45222,45224],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45215,3284],{"class":55},[45,45217,3287],{"class":2059},[45,45219,438],{"class":63},[45,45221,3436],{"class":67},[45,45223,429],{"class":63},[45,45225,3296],{"class":55},[14,45227,45228,45229,45231],{},"Even though the user typed ",[18,45230,9179],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45233,45234,45235,1742,45239,102],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[364,45236,45237],{"href":2868},[18,45238,2871],{},[364,45240,45241],{"href":2874},[18,45242,2877],{},[14,45244,345],{},[36,45246,45248],{"className":38,"code":45247,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45249,45250,45273,45283],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45251,45252,45254,45256,45259,45261,45263,45265,45267,45269,45271],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45253,21612],{"class":51},[45,45255,56],{"class":55},[45,45257,45258],{"class":315}," int",[45,45260,109],{"class":59},[45,45262,42444],{"class":124},[45,45264,109],{"class":59},[45,45266,64],{"class":63},[45,45268,45162],{"class":67},[45,45270,64],{"class":63},[45,45272,1802],{"class":59},[45,45274,45275,45277,45279,45281],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45276,125],{"class":124},[45,45278,109],{"class":59},[45,45280,9285],{"class":105},[45,45282,118],{"class":59},[45,45284,45285,45287,45289,45291,45293,45295],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45286,125],{"class":124},[45,45288,109],{"class":59},[45,45290,1811],{"class":315},[45,45292,109],{"class":59},[45,45294,9285],{"class":105},[45,45296,1802],{"class":59},[14,45298,30010],{},[36,45300,45302],{"className":38,"code":45301,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,45303,45304,45312,45316],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45305,45306,45308,45310],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45307,45202],{"class":51},[45,45309,1111],{"class":59},[45,45311,45207],{"class":202},[45,45313,45314],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45315,2703],{"class":202},[45,45317,45318,45320,45322,45324,45326,45328],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45319,3284],{"class":55},[45,45321,3287],{"class":2059},[45,45323,438],{"class":63},[45,45325,2184],{"class":67},[45,45327,429],{"class":63},[45,45329,3296],{"class":55},[44898,45331],{},[31,45333,45335],{"id":45334},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1864,45337,45339],{"id":45338},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[36,45341,45343],{"className":38,"code":45342,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[18,45344,45345,45364],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45346,45347,45349,45351,45353,45355,45357,45360,45362],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45348,7862],{"class":51},[45,45350,56],{"class":55},[45,45352,8228],{"class":124},[45,45354,109],{"class":59},[45,45356,64],{"class":63},[45,45358,45359],{"class":67},"What is your name? ",[45,45361,64],{"class":63},[45,45363,118],{"class":59},[45,45365,45366,45368,45370,45372,45375,45377,45379,45381],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45367,125],{"class":124},[45,45369,109],{"class":59},[45,45371,64],{"class":63},[45,45373,45374],{"class":67},"Hello,",[45,45376,64],{"class":63},[45,45378,73],{"class":59},[45,45380,35973],{"class":105},[45,45382,118],{"class":59},[14,45384,45385,45386,45388],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[18,45387,7656],{}," and prints it.",[1864,45390,45392,45393],{"id":45391},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[18,45394,2871],{},[36,45396,45398],{"className":38,"code":45397,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[18,45399,45400,45423],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45401,45402,45404,45406,45408,45410,45412,45414,45416,45419,45421],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45403,21612],{"class":51},[45,45405,56],{"class":55},[45,45407,45258],{"class":315},[45,45409,109],{"class":59},[45,45411,42444],{"class":124},[45,45413,109],{"class":59},[45,45415,64],{"class":63},[45,45417,45418],{"class":67},"How old are you? ",[45,45420,64],{"class":63},[45,45422,1802],{"class":59},[45,45424,45425,45427,45429,45431,45434,45436,45438,45441,45443,45445],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45426,125],{"class":124},[45,45428,109],{"class":59},[45,45430,64],{"class":63},[45,45432,45433],{"class":67},"Next year you will be",[45,45435,64],{"class":63},[45,45437,73],{"class":59},[45,45439,45440],{"class":105}," age ",[45,45442,2053],{"class":55},[45,45444,5488],{"class":202},[45,45446,118],{"class":59},[14,45448,6047,45449,45451,45452,45454],{},[18,45450,2871],{}," converts the text from ",[18,45453,2951],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45456,45457,45458,102],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[364,45459,8966],{"href":8965},[1864,45461,45463],{"id":45462},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[36,45465,45467],{"className":38,"code":45466,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[18,45468,45469,45493,45517,45531,45535],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45470,45471,45474,45476,45478,45480,45482,45484,45486,45489,45491],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45472,45473],{"class":51},"num1 ",[45,45475,56],{"class":55},[45,45477,45258],{"class":315},[45,45479,109],{"class":59},[45,45481,42444],{"class":124},[45,45483,109],{"class":59},[45,45485,64],{"class":63},[45,45487,45488],{"class":67},"Enter the first number: ",[45,45490,64],{"class":63},[45,45492,1802],{"class":59},[45,45494,45495,45498,45500,45502,45504,45506,45508,45510,45513,45515],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45496,45497],{"class":51},"num2 ",[45,45499,56],{"class":55},[45,45501,45258],{"class":315},[45,45503,109],{"class":59},[45,45505,42444],{"class":124},[45,45507,109],{"class":59},[45,45509,64],{"class":63},[45,45511,45512],{"class":67},"Enter the second number: ",[45,45514,64],{"class":63},[45,45516,1802],{"class":59},[45,45518,45519,45521,45523,45526,45528],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45520,41164],{"class":51},[45,45522,56],{"class":55},[45,45524,45525],{"class":51}," num1 ",[45,45527,2053],{"class":55},[45,45529,45530],{"class":51}," num2\n",[45,45532,45533],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,45534,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,45536,45537,45539,45541,45543,45546,45548,45550,45553],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,45538,125],{"class":124},[45,45540,109],{"class":59},[45,45542,64],{"class":63},[45,45544,45545],{"class":67},"Total:",[45,45547,64],{"class":63},[45,45549,73],{"class":59},[45,45551,45552],{"class":105}," total",[45,45554,118],{"class":59},[14,45556,30010],{},[36,45558,45560],{"className":38,"code":45559,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[18,45561,45562,45572,45581],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45563,45564,45567,45569],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45565,45566],{"class":51},"Enter the first number",[45,45568,1111],{"class":59},[45,45570,45571],{"class":202}," 2\n",[45,45573,45574,45577,45579],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45575,45576],{"class":51},"Enter the second number",[45,45578,1111],{"class":59},[45,45580,2571],{"class":202},[45,45582,45583,45586,45588],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45584,45585],{"class":51},"Total",[45,45587,1111],{"class":59},[45,45589,34823],{"class":202},[14,45591,45592],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45594,345],{},[36,45596,45598],{"className":38,"code":45597,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[18,45599,45600,45618,45636,45640],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45601,45602,45604,45606,45608,45610,45612,45614,45616],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45603,45473],{"class":51},[45,45605,56],{"class":55},[45,45607,8228],{"class":124},[45,45609,109],{"class":59},[45,45611,64],{"class":63},[45,45613,45488],{"class":67},[45,45615,64],{"class":63},[45,45617,118],{"class":59},[45,45619,45620,45622,45624,45626,45628,45630,45632,45634],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45621,45497],{"class":51},[45,45623,56],{"class":55},[45,45625,8228],{"class":124},[45,45627,109],{"class":59},[45,45629,64],{"class":63},[45,45631,45512],{"class":67},[45,45633,64],{"class":63},[45,45635,118],{"class":59},[45,45637,45638],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45639,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,45641,45642,45644,45646,45648,45650,45653],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,45643,125],{"class":124},[45,45645,109],{"class":59},[45,45647,45473],{"class":105},[45,45649,2053],{"class":55},[45,45651,45652],{"class":105}," num2",[45,45654,118],{"class":59},[14,45656,30010],{},[36,45658,45660],{"className":38,"code":45659,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[18,45661,45662,45670,45678],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45663,45664,45666,45668],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45665,45566],{"class":51},[45,45667,1111],{"class":59},[45,45669,45571],{"class":202},[45,45671,45672,45674,45676],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45673,45576],{"class":51},[45,45675,1111],{"class":59},[45,45677,2571],{"class":202},[45,45679,45680],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45681,45682],{"class":202},"23\n",[14,45684,45685,45686,45689,45690,102],{},"That happens because ",[18,45687,45688],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[18,45691,45692],{},"\"23\"",[44898,45694],{},[31,45696,45698],{"id":45697},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45700,45701,45702,102],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[18,45703,2951],{},[1864,45705,4695,45707,41523],{"id":45706},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[18,45708,2951],{},[14,45710,39180],{},[36,45712,45714],{"className":38,"code":45713,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,45715,45716,45734],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45717,45718,45720,45722,45724,45726,45728,45730,45732],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45719,1185],{"class":51},[45,45721,56],{"class":55},[45,45723,8228],{"class":124},[45,45725,109],{"class":59},[45,45727,64],{"class":63},[45,45729,41852],{"class":67},[45,45731,64],{"class":63},[45,45733,118],{"class":59},[45,45735,45736,45738,45740,45742,45744,45746],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45737,125],{"class":124},[45,45739,109],{"class":59},[45,45741,1811],{"class":315},[45,45743,109],{"class":59},[45,45745,28],{"class":105},[45,45747,1802],{"class":59},[14,45749,268],{},[36,45751,45753],{"className":38,"code":45752,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45754,45755],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45756,45757,45759,45761,45763,45765,45767],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45758,3284],{"class":55},[45,45760,3287],{"class":2059},[45,45762,438],{"class":63},[45,45764,3436],{"class":67},[45,45766,429],{"class":63},[45,45768,3296],{"class":55},[14,45770,45771],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1864,45773,45775],{"id":45774},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45777,45778],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[36,45780,45782],{"className":38,"code":45781,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[18,45783,45784,45802,45821],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45785,45786,45788,45790,45792,45794,45796,45798,45800],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45787,2548],{"class":51},[45,45789,56],{"class":55},[45,45791,8228],{"class":124},[45,45793,109],{"class":59},[45,45795,64],{"class":63},[45,45797,41852],{"class":67},[45,45799,64],{"class":63},[45,45801,118],{"class":59},[45,45803,45804,45806,45808,45810,45812,45814,45817,45819],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45805,2576],{"class":51},[45,45807,56],{"class":55},[45,45809,8228],{"class":124},[45,45811,109],{"class":59},[45,45813,64],{"class":63},[45,45815,45816],{"class":67},"Enter another number: ",[45,45818,64],{"class":63},[45,45820,118],{"class":59},[45,45822,45823,45825,45827,45829,45831,45833],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45824,125],{"class":124},[45,45826,109],{"class":59},[45,45828,2548],{"class":105},[45,45830,2053],{"class":55},[45,45832,2553],{"class":105},[45,45834,118],{"class":59},[14,45836,41102,45837,1301,45839,45841,45842,18949,45845,102],{},[18,45838,2498],{},[18,45840,2131],{},", the result is ",[18,45843,45844],{},"45",[18,45846,2139],{},[1864,45848,45850,45851,45853,45854],{"id":45849},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[18,45852,1041],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[18,45855,2871],{},[14,45857,345],{},[36,45859,45861],{"className":38,"code":45860,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[18,45862,45863],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45864,45865,45867,45869,45871,45873,45875,45877,45879,45881,45883],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45866,21612],{"class":51},[45,45868,56],{"class":55},[45,45870,45258],{"class":315},[45,45872,109],{"class":59},[45,45874,42444],{"class":124},[45,45876,109],{"class":59},[45,45878,64],{"class":63},[45,45880,45162],{"class":67},[45,45882,64],{"class":63},[45,45884,1802],{"class":59},[14,45886,8257,45887,45890,45891,102],{},[18,45888,45889],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[18,45892,1041],{},[14,45894,45895,45896,102],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[364,45897,45899],{"href":45898},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1864,45901,45903],{"id":45902},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,45905,45906],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[36,45908,45910],{"className":38,"code":45909,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[18,45911,45912,45930],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45913,45914,45916,45918,45920,45922,45924,45926,45928],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45915,7862],{"class":51},[45,45917,56],{"class":55},[45,45919,8228],{"class":124},[45,45921,109],{"class":59},[45,45923,64],{"class":63},[45,45925,44868],{"class":67},[45,45927,64],{"class":63},[45,45929,118],{"class":59},[45,45931,45932,45934,45936,45938,45940,45942],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45933,125],{"class":124},[45,45935,109],{"class":59},[45,45937,41760],{"class":124},[45,45939,109],{"class":59},[45,45941,7656],{"class":105},[45,45943,1802],{"class":59},[14,45945,45946],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,45948,45949,45950,1111],{},"You can remove them with ",[18,45951,45952],{},".strip()",[36,45954,45956],{"className":38,"code":45955,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[18,45957,45958,45980],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45959,45960,45962,45964,45966,45968,45970,45972,45974,45976,45978],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45961,7862],{"class":51},[45,45963,56],{"class":55},[45,45965,8228],{"class":124},[45,45967,109],{"class":59},[45,45969,64],{"class":63},[45,45971,44868],{"class":67},[45,45973,64],{"class":63},[45,45975,8615],{"class":59},[45,45977,8618],{"class":105},[45,45979,8627],{"class":59},[45,45981,45982,45984,45986,45988],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,45983,125],{"class":124},[45,45985,109],{"class":59},[45,45987,7656],{"class":105},[45,45989,118],{"class":59},[44898,45991],{},[31,45993,45995],{"id":45994},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,45997,45998,45999,46001],{},"These habits make ",[18,46000,2951],{}," easier and safer to use.",[157,46003,46004,46007,46012,46015],{},[160,46005,46006],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[160,46008,141,46009,46011],{},[18,46010,45952],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[160,46013,46014],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[160,46016,141,46017,46019],{},[18,46018,29763],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,46021,1336,46022,1111],{},[18,46023,45952],{},[36,46025,46027],{"className":38,"code":46026,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[18,46028,46029,46053],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46030,46031,46034,46036,46038,46040,46042,46045,46047,46049,46051],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46032,46033],{"class":51},"city ",[45,46035,56],{"class":55},[45,46037,8228],{"class":124},[45,46039,109],{"class":59},[45,46041,64],{"class":63},[45,46043,46044],{"class":67},"Enter your city: ",[45,46046,64],{"class":63},[45,46048,8615],{"class":59},[45,46050,8618],{"class":105},[45,46052,8627],{"class":59},[45,46054,46055,46057,46059,46061,46064,46066,46068,46070],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,46056,125],{"class":124},[45,46058,109],{"class":59},[45,46060,64],{"class":63},[45,46062,46063],{"class":67},"City:",[45,46065,64],{"class":63},[45,46067,73],{"class":59},[45,46069,31366],{"class":105},[45,46071,118],{"class":59},[14,46073,1336,46074,1111],{},[18,46075,29763],{},[36,46077,46079],{"className":38,"code":46078,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[18,46080,46081,46087,46110,46142,46150],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46082,46083,46085],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46084,29785],{"class":969},[45,46086,1213],{"class":59},[45,46088,46089,46092,46094,46096,46098,46100,46102,46104,46106,46108],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,46090,46091],{"class":51},"    age ",[45,46093,56],{"class":55},[45,46095,45258],{"class":315},[45,46097,109],{"class":59},[45,46099,42444],{"class":124},[45,46101,109],{"class":59},[45,46103,64],{"class":63},[45,46105,45162],{"class":67},[45,46107,64],{"class":63},[45,46109,1802],{"class":59},[45,46111,46112,46114,46116,46118,46121,46123,46125,46127,46129,46131,46133,46135,46138,46140],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46113,8055],{"class":124},[45,46115,109],{"class":59},[45,46117,64],{"class":63},[45,46119,46120],{"class":67},"You will be",[45,46122,64],{"class":63},[45,46124,73],{"class":59},[45,46126,45440],{"class":105},[45,46128,2053],{"class":55},[45,46130,5488],{"class":202},[45,46132,73],{"class":59},[45,46134,76],{"class":63},[45,46136,46137],{"class":67},"next year",[45,46139,64],{"class":63},[45,46141,118],{"class":59},[45,46143,46144,46146,46148],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,46145,29816],{"class":969},[45,46147,41907],{"class":315},[45,46149,1213],{"class":59},[45,46151,46152,46154,46156,46158,46161,46163],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,46153,8055],{"class":124},[45,46155,109],{"class":59},[45,46157,64],{"class":63},[45,46159,46160],{"class":67},"Please enter a whole number.",[45,46162,64],{"class":63},[45,46164,118],{"class":59},[14,46166,46167],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46169,46170,46171,102],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[364,46172,46174],{"href":46173},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44898,46176],{},[31,46178,1709],{"id":1708},[14,46180,46181,46182,1111],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[18,46183,2951],{},[157,46185,46186,46193,46196,46199],{},[160,46187,46188,46189,1742,46191],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[18,46190,2871],{},[18,46192,2877],{},[160,46194,46195],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[160,46197,46198],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[160,46200,46201],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46203,32064],{},[36,46205,46207],{"className":38,"code":46206,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46208,46209,46219,46233],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46210,46211,46213,46215,46217],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46212,125],{"class":124},[45,46214,109],{"class":59},[45,46216,28],{"class":105},[45,46218,118],{"class":59},[45,46220,46221,46223,46225,46227,46229,46231],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,46222,125],{"class":124},[45,46224,109],{"class":59},[45,46226,1811],{"class":315},[45,46228,109],{"class":59},[45,46230,28],{"class":105},[45,46232,1802],{"class":59},[45,46234,46235,46237,46239,46241,46243,46245],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46236,125],{"class":124},[45,46238,109],{"class":59},[45,46240,41760],{"class":124},[45,46242,109],{"class":59},[45,46244,28],{"class":105},[45,46246,1802],{"class":59},[14,46248,46249,46250,46252],{},"These help you inspect what ",[18,46251,2951],{}," actually returned:",[157,46254,46255,46260,46265],{},[160,46256,46257,46259],{},[18,46258,41808],{}," shows the value",[160,46261,46262,46264],{},[18,46263,41814],{}," shows the data type",[160,46266,46267,46269],{},[18,46268,41819],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46271,345],{},[36,46273,46275],{"className":38,"code":46274,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46276,46277,46296,46306,46320],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46278,46279,46281,46283,46285,46287,46289,46292,46294],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46280,1185],{"class":51},[45,46282,56],{"class":55},[45,46284,8228],{"class":124},[45,46286,109],{"class":59},[45,46288,64],{"class":63},[45,46290,46291],{"class":67},"Enter something: ",[45,46293,64],{"class":63},[45,46295,118],{"class":59},[45,46297,46298,46300,46302,46304],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,46299,125],{"class":124},[45,46301,109],{"class":59},[45,46303,28],{"class":105},[45,46305,118],{"class":59},[45,46307,46308,46310,46312,46314,46316,46318],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46309,125],{"class":124},[45,46311,109],{"class":59},[45,46313,1811],{"class":315},[45,46315,109],{"class":59},[45,46317,28],{"class":105},[45,46319,1802],{"class":59},[45,46321,46322,46324,46326,46328,46330,46332],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,46323,125],{"class":124},[45,46325,109],{"class":59},[45,46327,41760],{"class":124},[45,46329,109],{"class":59},[45,46331,28],{"class":105},[45,46333,1802],{"class":59},[44898,46335],{},[31,46337,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,46339,175,46341,46343],{"id":46340},"does-input-return-an-integer",[18,46342,2951],{}," return an integer?",[14,46345,46346,46347,46349,46350,39911],{},"No. ",[18,46348,2951],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[18,46351,2871],{},[1864,46353,46355,46356,2485],{"id":46354},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[18,46357,2951],{},[14,46359,46360,46361,46363],{},"No. You can call ",[18,46362,2951],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1864,46365,5148,46367,46370,46371,2485],{"id":46366},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[18,46368,46369],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[18,46372,2951],{},[14,46374,29042,46375,46377,46378,42136,46380,46382],{},[18,46376,2951],{}," returns strings. ",[18,46379,45688],{},[18,46381,45692],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1864,46384,46386],{"id":46385},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46388,141,46389,46391,46392,102],{},[18,46390,45952],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[18,46393,46394],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44898,46396],{},[31,46398,1909],{"id":1908},[157,46400,46401,46406,46410,46416,46422,46426],{},[160,46402,46403],{},[364,46404,46405],{"href":46173},"How to get user input in Python",[160,46407,46408],{},[364,46409,9043],{"href":8965},[160,46411,46412],{},[364,46413,3569,46414,3502],{"href":2868},[18,46415,2871],{},[160,46417,46418],{},[364,46419,3569,46420,3502],{"href":2874},[18,46421,2877],{},[160,46423,46424],{},[364,46425,45899],{"href":45898},[160,46427,46428],{},[364,46429,3569,46431,3502],{"href":46430},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[18,46432,46433],{},"print()",[1936,46435,46436],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":46438},[46439,46440,46442,46443,46445,46451,46459,46460,46461,46470],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":44902,"depth":96,"text":46441},"What input() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":45131,"depth":96,"text":46444},"What input() returns",{"id":45334,"depth":96,"text":45335,"children":46446},[46447,46448,46450],{"id":45338,"depth":121,"text":45339},{"id":45391,"depth":121,"text":46449},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45462,"depth":121,"text":45463},{"id":45697,"depth":96,"text":45698,"children":46452},[46453,46455,46456,46458],{"id":45706,"depth":121,"text":46454},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45774,"depth":121,"text":45775},{"id":45849,"depth":121,"text":46457},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45902,"depth":121,"text":45903},{"id":45994,"depth":96,"text":45995},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":46462},[46463,46465,46467,46469],{"id":46340,"depth":121,"text":46464},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46354,"depth":121,"text":46466},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46366,"depth":121,"text":46468},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46385,"depth":121,"text":46386},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42175,"description":46471},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46478,"title":42077,"body":46479,"description":48792,"extension":1958,"meta":48793,"navigation":241,"path":48794,"seo":48795,"stem":48796,"__hash__":48797},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46480,"toc":48744},[46481,46486,46491,46496,46517,46520,46522,46582,46584,46603,46608,46613,46618,46620,46633,46635,46718,46720,46761,46767,46769,46799,46805,46808,46825,46827,46879,46881,46899,46905,46911,46914,46932,46934,47007,47009,47028,47035,47041,47046,47049,47109,47111,47130,47133,47136,47151,47157,47161,47222,47224,47245,47249,47378,47380,47510,47520,47526,47532,47540,47606,47608,47633,47636,47653,47666,47672,47675,47708,47710,47723,47726,47769,47771,47779,47786,47790,47797,47801,47828,47830,47838,47844,47861,47866,47870,47897,47899,47907,47911,47916,47919,47945,47948,47957,47965,47969,47979,47983,47986,47988,48039,48041,48071,48081,48108,48110,48118,48128,48132,48135,48137,48185,48187,48231,48237,48288,48290,48309,48314,48319,48322,48341,48344,48396,48398,48407,48409,48413,48417,48420,48429,48436,48438,48465,48469,48471,48480,48483,48490,48496,48556,48560,48562,48570,48573,48599,48605,48608,48628,48630,48639,48647,48649,48655,48660,48667,48677,48683,48691,48695,48698,48700,48741],[10,46482,3569,46484,3573],{"id":46483},"python-int-function-explained",[18,46485,2871],{},[14,46487,32298,46488,46490],{},[18,46489,2871],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46492,35387,46493,46495],{},[18,46494,2871],{}," when they want to:",[157,46497,46498,46508,46511,46514],{},[160,46499,46500,46501,46504,46505],{},"turn text like ",[18,46502,46503],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[18,46506,46507],{},"42",[160,46509,46510],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[160,46512,46513],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[160,46515,46516],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46518,46519],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[31,46521,34],{"id":33},[36,46523,46525],{"className":38,"code":46524,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,46526,46527,46545,46559],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46528,46529,46531,46533,46535,46537,46539,46541,46543],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46530,125],{"class":124},[45,46532,109],{"class":59},[45,46534,2184],{"class":315},[45,46536,109],{"class":59},[45,46538,64],{"class":63},[45,46540,46507],{"class":67},[45,46542,64],{"class":63},[45,46544,1802],{"class":59},[45,46546,46547,46549,46551,46553,46555,46557],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,46548,125],{"class":124},[45,46550,109],{"class":59},[45,46552,2184],{"class":315},[45,46554,109],{"class":59},[45,46556,41965],{"class":202},[45,46558,1802],{"class":59},[45,46560,46561,46563,46565,46567,46569,46571,46574,46576,46578,46580],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46562,125],{"class":124},[45,46564,109],{"class":59},[45,46566,2184],{"class":315},[45,46568,109],{"class":59},[45,46570,64],{"class":63},[45,46572,46573],{"class":67},"101",[45,46575,64],{"class":63},[45,46577,73],{"class":59},[45,46579,208],{"class":202},[45,46581,1802],{"class":59},[14,46583,268],{},[36,46585,46587],{"className":38,"code":46586,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"42\n3\n5\n",[18,46588,46589,46594,46599],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46590,46591],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46592,46593],{"class":202},"42\n",[45,46595,46596],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,46597,46598],{"class":202},"3\n",[45,46600,46601],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46602,2940],{"class":202},[14,46604,141,46605,46607],{},[18,46606,2871],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[31,46609,3671,46611,3674],{"id":46610},"what-int-does",[18,46612,2871],{},[14,46614,46615,46617],{},[18,46616,2871],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46619,13039],{},[157,46621,46622,46627,46630],{},[160,46623,46624,46625,7327],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[18,46626,2184],{},[160,46628,46629],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[160,46631,46632],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46634,345],{},[36,46636,46638],{"className":38,"code":46637,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,46639,46640,46652,46666,46670,46680,46690,46704],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46641,46642,46644,46646,46648,46650],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46643,34669],{"class":51},[45,46645,56],{"class":55},[45,46647,76],{"class":63},[45,46649,9179],{"class":67},[45,46651,1194],{"class":63},[45,46653,46654,46656,46658,46660,46662,46664],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,46655,2213],{"class":51},[45,46657,56],{"class":55},[45,46659,45258],{"class":315},[45,46661,109],{"class":59},[45,46663,34690],{"class":105},[45,46665,118],{"class":59},[45,46667,46668],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46669,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,46671,46672,46674,46676,46678],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,46673,125],{"class":124},[45,46675,109],{"class":59},[45,46677,34690],{"class":105},[45,46679,118],{"class":59},[45,46681,46682,46684,46686,46688],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,46683,125],{"class":124},[45,46685,109],{"class":59},[45,46687,2235],{"class":105},[45,46689,118],{"class":59},[45,46691,46692,46694,46696,46698,46700,46702],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,46693,125],{"class":124},[45,46695,109],{"class":59},[45,46697,1811],{"class":315},[45,46699,109],{"class":59},[45,46701,34690],{"class":105},[45,46703,1802],{"class":59},[45,46705,46706,46708,46710,46712,46714,46716],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,46707,125],{"class":124},[45,46709,109],{"class":59},[45,46711,1811],{"class":315},[45,46713,109],{"class":59},[45,46715,2235],{"class":105},[45,46717,1802],{"class":59},[14,46719,268],{},[36,46721,46723],{"className":38,"code":46722,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,46724,46725,46729,46733,46747],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46726,46727],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46728,2703],{"class":202},[45,46730,46731],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,46732,2703],{"class":202},[45,46734,46735,46737,46739,46741,46743,46745],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46736,3284],{"class":55},[45,46738,3287],{"class":2059},[45,46740,438],{"class":63},[45,46742,3436],{"class":67},[45,46744,429],{"class":63},[45,46746,3296],{"class":55},[45,46748,46749,46751,46753,46755,46757,46759],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,46750,3284],{"class":55},[45,46752,3287],{"class":2059},[45,46754,438],{"class":63},[45,46756,2184],{"class":67},[45,46758,429],{"class":63},[45,46760,3296],{"class":55},[14,46762,46763,46764,46766],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[18,46765,2871],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[31,46768,2153],{"id":2152},[36,46770,46772],{"className":38,"code":46771,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[18,46773,46774,46784],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46775,46776,46778,46780,46782],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46777,2184],{"class":315},[45,46779,109],{"class":59},[45,46781,1123],{"class":105},[45,46783,118],{"class":59},[45,46785,46786,46788,46790,46792,46794,46797],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,46787,2184],{"class":315},[45,46789,109],{"class":59},[45,46791,1123],{"class":105},[45,46793,73],{"class":59},[45,46795,46796],{"class":105}," base",[45,46798,118],{"class":59},[1864,46800,46802],{"id":46801},"intx",[18,46803,46804],{},"int(x)",[14,46806,46807],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[157,46809,46810,46815,46820],{},[160,46811,46812,46813],{},"a string such as ",[18,46814,42107],{},[160,46816,46817,46818],{},"a float such as ",[18,46819,41965],{},[160,46821,46822,46823],{},"a boolean such as ",[18,46824,3598],{},[14,46826,345],{},[36,46828,46830],{"className":38,"code":46829,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[18,46831,46832,46850,46865],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46833,46834,46836,46838,46840,46842,46844,46846,46848],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46835,125],{"class":124},[45,46837,109],{"class":59},[45,46839,2184],{"class":315},[45,46841,109],{"class":59},[45,46843,64],{"class":63},[45,46845,585],{"class":67},[45,46847,64],{"class":63},[45,46849,1802],{"class":59},[45,46851,46852,46854,46856,46858,46860,46863],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,46853,125],{"class":124},[45,46855,109],{"class":59},[45,46857,2184],{"class":315},[45,46859,109],{"class":59},[45,46861,46862],{"class":202},"8.7",[45,46864,1802],{"class":59},[45,46866,46867,46869,46871,46873,46875,46877],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46868,125],{"class":124},[45,46870,109],{"class":59},[45,46872,2184],{"class":315},[45,46874,109],{"class":59},[45,46876,3598],{"class":291},[45,46878,1802],{"class":59},[14,46880,268],{},[36,46882,46884],{"className":38,"code":46883,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"10\n8\n1\n",[18,46885,46886,46890,46894],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46887,46888],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46889,2371],{"class":202},[45,46891,46892],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,46893,2376],{"class":202},[45,46895,46896],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46897,46898],{"class":202},"1\n",[1864,46900,46902],{"id":46901},"intx-base",[18,46903,46904],{},"int(x, base)",[14,46906,46907,46908,46910],{},"Use this form when ",[18,46909,1123],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,46912,46913],{},"Common bases:",[157,46915,46916,46921,46926],{},[160,46917,46918,46920],{},[18,46919,234],{}," for binary",[160,46922,46923,46925],{},[18,46924,2340],{}," for octal",[160,46927,46928,46931],{},[18,46929,46930],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,46933,345],{},[36,46935,46937],{"className":38,"code":46936,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,46938,46939,46961,46984],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46940,46941,46943,46945,46947,46949,46951,46953,46955,46957,46959],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46942,125],{"class":124},[45,46944,109],{"class":59},[45,46946,2184],{"class":315},[45,46948,109],{"class":59},[45,46950,64],{"class":63},[45,46952,46573],{"class":67},[45,46954,64],{"class":63},[45,46956,73],{"class":59},[45,46958,208],{"class":202},[45,46960,1802],{"class":59},[45,46962,46963,46965,46967,46969,46971,46973,46976,46978,46980,46982],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,46964,125],{"class":124},[45,46966,109],{"class":59},[45,46968,2184],{"class":315},[45,46970,109],{"class":59},[45,46972,64],{"class":63},[45,46974,46975],{"class":67},"17",[45,46977,64],{"class":63},[45,46979,73],{"class":59},[45,46981,6347],{"class":202},[45,46983,1802],{"class":59},[45,46985,46986,46988,46990,46992,46994,46996,46999,47001,47003,47005],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46987,125],{"class":124},[45,46989,109],{"class":59},[45,46991,2184],{"class":315},[45,46993,109],{"class":59},[45,46995,64],{"class":63},[45,46997,46998],{"class":67},"1A",[45,47000,64],{"class":63},[45,47002,73],{"class":59},[45,47004,13973],{"class":202},[45,47006,1802],{"class":59},[14,47008,268],{},[36,47010,47012],{"className":38,"code":47011,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5\n15\n26\n",[18,47013,47014,47018,47023],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47015,47016],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47017,2940],{"class":202},[45,47019,47020],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,47021,47022],{"class":202},"15\n",[45,47024,47025],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47026,47027],{"class":202},"26\n",[14,47029,47030,47031,102],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[364,47032,47033,2298],{"href":2874},[18,47034,2877],{},[31,47036,1736,47038,47040],{"id":47037},"using-int-with-strings",[18,47039,2871],{}," with strings",[14,47042,47043,47045],{},[18,47044,2871],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,47047,47048],{},"Examples that work:",[36,47050,47052],{"className":38,"code":47051,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[18,47053,47054,47072,47090],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47055,47056,47058,47060,47062,47064,47066,47068,47070],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47057,125],{"class":124},[45,47059,109],{"class":59},[45,47061,2184],{"class":315},[45,47063,109],{"class":59},[45,47065,64],{"class":63},[45,47067,2131],{"class":67},[45,47069,64],{"class":63},[45,47071,1802],{"class":59},[45,47073,47074,47076,47078,47080,47082,47084,47086,47088],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,47075,125],{"class":124},[45,47077,109],{"class":59},[45,47079,2184],{"class":315},[45,47081,109],{"class":59},[45,47083,64],{"class":63},[45,47085,2287],{"class":67},[45,47087,64],{"class":63},[45,47089,1802],{"class":59},[45,47091,47092,47094,47096,47098,47100,47102,47105,47107],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47093,125],{"class":124},[45,47095,109],{"class":59},[45,47097,2184],{"class":315},[45,47099,109],{"class":59},[45,47101,64],{"class":63},[45,47103,47104],{"class":67},"  42  ",[45,47106,64],{"class":63},[45,47108,1802],{"class":59},[14,47110,268],{},[36,47112,47114],{"className":38,"code":47113,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5\n-12\n42\n",[18,47115,47116,47120,47126],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47117,47118],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47119,2940],{"class":202},[45,47121,47122,47124],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,47123,2016],{"class":55},[45,47125,2221],{"class":202},[45,47127,47128],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47129,46593],{"class":202},[14,47131,47132],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47134,47135],{},"Examples that fail:",[36,47137,47139],{"className":38,"code":47138,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[18,47140,47141,47146],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47142,47143],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47144,47145],{"class":137},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[45,47147,47148],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,47149,47150],{"class":137},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47152,47153,47154,47156],{},"These raise ",[18,47155,1041],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1864,47158,47160],{"id":47159},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[36,47162,47164],{"className":38,"code":47163,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[18,47165,47166,47184,47203],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47167,47168,47170,47172,47174,47176,47178,47180,47182],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47169,125],{"class":124},[45,47171,109],{"class":59},[45,47173,2184],{"class":315},[45,47175,109],{"class":59},[45,47177,64],{"class":63},[45,47179,2114],{"class":67},[45,47181,64],{"class":63},[45,47183,1802],{"class":59},[45,47185,47186,47188,47190,47192,47194,47196,47199,47201],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,47187,125],{"class":124},[45,47189,109],{"class":59},[45,47191,2184],{"class":315},[45,47193,109],{"class":59},[45,47195,64],{"class":63},[45,47197,47198],{"class":67},"+7",[45,47200,64],{"class":63},[45,47202,1802],{"class":59},[45,47204,47205,47207,47209,47211,47213,47215,47218,47220],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47206,125],{"class":124},[45,47208,109],{"class":59},[45,47210,2184],{"class":315},[45,47212,109],{"class":59},[45,47214,64],{"class":63},[45,47216,47217],{"class":67},"-100",[45,47219,64],{"class":63},[45,47221,1802],{"class":59},[14,47223,268],{},[36,47225,47227],{"className":38,"code":47226,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0\n7\n-100\n",[18,47228,47229,47234,47238],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47230,47231],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47232,47233],{"class":202},"0\n",[45,47235,47236],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,47237,2074],{"class":202},[45,47239,47240,47242],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47241,2016],{"class":55},[45,47243,47244],{"class":202},"100\n",[1864,47246,47248],{"id":47247},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[36,47250,47252],{"className":38,"code":47251,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[18,47253,47254,47292,47296,47308,47315,47330,47345],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47255,47256,47258,47260,47262,47264,47266,47268,47270,47272,47275,47277,47279,47281,47283,47285,47288,47290],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47257,3816],{"class":51},[45,47259,56],{"class":55},[45,47261,60],{"class":59},[45,47263,64],{"class":63},[45,47265,40125],{"class":67},[45,47267,64],{"class":63},[45,47269,73],{"class":59},[45,47271,76],{"class":63},[45,47273,47274],{"class":67},"12abc",[45,47276,64],{"class":63},[45,47278,73],{"class":59},[45,47280,6113],{"class":63},[45,47282,73],{"class":59},[45,47284,76],{"class":63},[45,47286,47287],{"class":67},"seven",[45,47289,64],{"class":63},[45,47291,93],{"class":59},[45,47293,47294],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,47295,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,47297,47298,47300,47302,47304,47306],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47299,970],{"class":969},[45,47301,1205],{"class":51},[45,47303,976],{"class":969},[45,47305,3877],{"class":51},[45,47307,1213],{"class":59},[45,47309,47310,47313],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,47311,47312],{"class":969},"    try",[45,47314,1213],{"class":59},[45,47316,47317,47320,47322,47324,47326,47328],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,47318,47319],{"class":124},"        print",[45,47321,109],{"class":59},[45,47323,2184],{"class":315},[45,47325,109],{"class":59},[45,47327,28],{"class":105},[45,47329,1802],{"class":59},[45,47331,47332,47335,47337,47340,47343],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,47333,47334],{"class":969},"    except",[45,47336,41907],{"class":315},[45,47338,47339],{"class":969}," as",[45,47341,47342],{"class":51}," error",[45,47344,1213],{"class":59},[45,47346,47347,47349,47351,47353,47355,47357,47359,47362,47364,47367,47369,47372,47374,47376],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,47348,47319],{"class":124},[45,47350,109],{"class":59},[45,47352,22278],{"class":2059},[45,47354,64],{"class":67},[45,47356,9264],{"class":202},[45,47358,28],{"class":105},[45,47360,47361],{"class":2059},"!r",[45,47363,22287],{"class":202},[45,47365,47366],{"class":67}," -> ",[45,47368,9264],{"class":202},[45,47370,47371],{"class":105},"error",[45,47373,22287],{"class":202},[45,47375,64],{"class":67},[45,47377,118],{"class":59},[14,47379,268],{},[36,47381,47383],{"className":38,"code":47382,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[18,47384,47385,47421,47453,47478],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47386,47387,47389,47391,47393,47396,47399,47401,47403,47405,47408,47411,47413,47415,47417,47419],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47388,429],{"class":43310},[45,47390,40125],{"class":43314},[45,47392,429],{"class":43310},[45,47394,47395],{"class":37347}," ->",[45,47397,47398],{"class":51}," invalid literal ",[45,47400,970],{"class":969},[45,47402,45258],{"class":315},[45,47404,7353],{"class":59},[45,47406,47407],{"class":969}," with",[45,47409,47410],{"class":51}," base ",[45,47412,585],{"class":202},[45,47414,1111],{"class":59},[45,47416,438],{"class":63},[45,47418,40125],{"class":67},[45,47420,29681],{"class":63},[45,47422,47423,47425,47427,47429,47431,47433,47435,47437,47439,47441,47443,47445,47447,47449,47451],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,47424,429],{"class":63},[45,47426,47274],{"class":67},[45,47428,429],{"class":63},[45,47430,47395],{"class":37347},[45,47432,47398],{"class":51},[45,47434,970],{"class":969},[45,47436,45258],{"class":315},[45,47438,7353],{"class":59},[45,47440,47407],{"class":969},[45,47442,47410],{"class":51},[45,47444,585],{"class":202},[45,47446,1111],{"class":59},[45,47448,438],{"class":63},[45,47450,47274],{"class":67},[45,47452,29681],{"class":63},[45,47454,47455,47457,47459,47461,47463,47465,47467,47469,47471,47473,47475],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47456,3767],{"class":63},[45,47458,47395],{"class":37347},[45,47460,47398],{"class":51},[45,47462,970],{"class":969},[45,47464,45258],{"class":315},[45,47466,7353],{"class":59},[45,47468,47407],{"class":969},[45,47470,47410],{"class":51},[45,47472,585],{"class":202},[45,47474,1111],{"class":59},[45,47476,47477],{"class":63}," ''\n",[45,47479,47480,47482,47484,47486,47488,47490,47492,47494,47496,47498,47500,47502,47504,47506,47508],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,47481,429],{"class":63},[45,47483,47287],{"class":67},[45,47485,429],{"class":63},[45,47487,47395],{"class":37347},[45,47489,47398],{"class":51},[45,47491,970],{"class":969},[45,47493,45258],{"class":315},[45,47495,7353],{"class":59},[45,47497,47407],{"class":969},[45,47499,47410],{"class":51},[45,47501,585],{"class":202},[45,47503,1111],{"class":59},[45,47505,438],{"class":63},[45,47507,47287],{"class":67},[45,47509,29681],{"class":63},[14,47511,47512,47513,47515,47516,102],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[364,47514,8966],{"href":8965}," and the ",[364,47517,47518,2298],{"href":8205},[18,47519,2951],{},[31,47521,1736,47523,47525],{"id":47522},"using-int-with-floats",[18,47524,2871],{}," with floats",[14,47527,47528,47529,47531],{},"When you pass a float to ",[18,47530,2871],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47533,47534,47535,14039,47537,47539],{},"Important: ",[18,47536,2871],{},[26,47538,178],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[36,47541,47543],{"className":38,"code":47542,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[18,47544,47545,47559,47574,47590],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47546,47547,47549,47551,47553,47555,47557],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47548,125],{"class":124},[45,47550,109],{"class":59},[45,47552,2184],{"class":315},[45,47554,109],{"class":59},[45,47556,41965],{"class":202},[45,47558,1802],{"class":59},[45,47560,47561,47563,47565,47567,47569,47572],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,47562,125],{"class":124},[45,47564,109],{"class":59},[45,47566,2184],{"class":315},[45,47568,109],{"class":59},[45,47570,47571],{"class":202},"3.1",[45,47573,1802],{"class":59},[45,47575,47576,47578,47580,47582,47584,47586,47588],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47577,125],{"class":124},[45,47579,109],{"class":59},[45,47581,2184],{"class":315},[45,47583,109],{"class":59},[45,47585,2016],{"class":55},[45,47587,41965],{"class":202},[45,47589,1802],{"class":59},[45,47591,47592,47594,47596,47598,47600,47602,47604],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,47593,125],{"class":124},[45,47595,109],{"class":59},[45,47597,2184],{"class":315},[45,47599,109],{"class":59},[45,47601,2016],{"class":55},[45,47603,47571],{"class":202},[45,47605,1802],{"class":59},[14,47607,268],{},[36,47609,47611],{"className":38,"code":47610,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[18,47612,47613,47617,47621,47627],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47614,47615],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47616,46598],{"class":202},[45,47618,47619],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,47620,46598],{"class":202},[45,47622,47623,47625],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47624,2016],{"class":55},[45,47626,46598],{"class":202},[45,47628,47629,47631],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,47630,2016],{"class":55},[45,47632,46598],{"class":202},[14,47634,47635],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[157,47637,47638,47645],{},[160,47639,47640,42136,47643],{},[18,47641,47642],{},"int(3.9)",[18,47644,2056],{},[160,47646,47647,42136,47650],{},[18,47648,47649],{},"int(-3.9)",[18,47651,47652],{},"-3",[14,47654,47655,47656,47660,47661,102],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[364,47657,47658],{"href":2874},[18,47659,2877],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[364,47662,47663],{"href":42156},[18,47664,47665],{},"str()",[31,47667,1736,47669,47671],{"id":47668},"using-int-with-booleans",[18,47670,2871],{}," with booleans",[14,47673,47674],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[36,47676,47678],{"className":38,"code":47677,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[18,47679,47680,47694],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47681,47682,47684,47686,47688,47690,47692],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47683,125],{"class":124},[45,47685,109],{"class":59},[45,47687,2184],{"class":315},[45,47689,109],{"class":59},[45,47691,3598],{"class":291},[45,47693,1802],{"class":59},[45,47695,47696,47698,47700,47702,47704,47706],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,47697,125],{"class":124},[45,47699,109],{"class":59},[45,47701,2184],{"class":315},[45,47703,109],{"class":59},[45,47705,3667],{"class":291},[45,47707,1802],{"class":59},[14,47709,268],{},[36,47711,47713],{"className":38,"code":47712,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1\n0\n",[18,47714,47715,47719],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47716,47717],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47718,46898],{"class":202},[45,47720,47721],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,47722,47233],{"class":202},[14,47724,47725],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[36,47727,47729],{"className":38,"code":47728,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,47730,47731,47740,47755,47759],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47732,47733,47736,47738],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47734,47735],{"class":51},"passed ",[45,47737,56],{"class":55},[45,47739,6409],{"class":291},[45,47741,47742,47744,47746,47748,47750,47753],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,47743,41164],{"class":51},[45,47745,56],{"class":55},[45,47747,45258],{"class":315},[45,47749,109],{"class":59},[45,47751,47752],{"class":105},"passed",[45,47754,118],{"class":59},[45,47756,47757],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47758,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,47760,47761,47763,47765,47767],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,47762,125],{"class":124},[45,47764,109],{"class":59},[45,47766,41193],{"class":105},[45,47768,118],{"class":59},[14,47770,268],{},[36,47772,47773],{"className":38,"code":46898,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,47774,47775],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47776,47777],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47778,46898],{"class":202},[14,47780,47781,47782,102],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[364,47783,47784,2298],{"href":5771},[18,47785,3806],{},[31,47787,47789],{"id":47788},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47791,47792,47793,47796],{},"Use the ",[18,47794,47795],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1864,47798,47800],{"id":47799},"binary-example","Binary example",[36,47802,47804],{"className":38,"code":47803,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,47805,47806],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47807,47808,47810,47812,47814,47816,47818,47820,47822,47824,47826],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47809,125],{"class":124},[45,47811,109],{"class":59},[45,47813,2184],{"class":315},[45,47815,109],{"class":59},[45,47817,64],{"class":63},[45,47819,46573],{"class":67},[45,47821,64],{"class":63},[45,47823,73],{"class":59},[45,47825,208],{"class":202},[45,47827,1802],{"class":59},[14,47829,268],{},[36,47831,47832],{"className":38,"code":2940,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,47833,47834],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47835,47836],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47837,2940],{"class":202},[14,47839,47840,47843],{},[18,47841,47842],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[157,47845,47846,47851,47856],{},[160,47847,47848],{},[18,47849,47850],{},"1 × 4",[160,47852,47853],{},[18,47854,47855],{},"0 × 2",[160,47857,47858],{},[18,47859,47860],{},"1 × 1",[14,47862,47863,47864,102],{},"So the result is ",[18,47865,2131],{},[1864,47867,47869],{"id":47868},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[36,47871,47873],{"className":38,"code":47872,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,47874,47875],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47876,47877,47879,47881,47883,47885,47887,47889,47891,47893,47895],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47878,125],{"class":124},[45,47880,109],{"class":59},[45,47882,2184],{"class":315},[45,47884,109],{"class":59},[45,47886,64],{"class":63},[45,47888,46998],{"class":67},[45,47890,64],{"class":63},[45,47892,73],{"class":59},[45,47894,13973],{"class":202},[45,47896,1802],{"class":59},[14,47898,268],{},[36,47900,47901],{"className":38,"code":47027,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,47902,47903],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47904,47905],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47906,47027],{"class":202},[1864,47908,47910],{"id":47909},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,47912,16,47913,47915],{},[18,47914,47795],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,47917,47918],{},"Good:",[36,47920,47921],{"className":38,"code":47803,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,47922,47923],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47924,47925,47927,47929,47931,47933,47935,47937,47939,47941,47943],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47926,125],{"class":124},[45,47928,109],{"class":59},[45,47930,2184],{"class":315},[45,47932,109],{"class":59},[45,47934,64],{"class":63},[45,47936,46573],{"class":67},[45,47938,64],{"class":63},[45,47940,73],{"class":59},[45,47942,208],{"class":202},[45,47944,1802],{"class":59},[14,47946,47947],{},"Not correct:",[36,47949,47951],{"className":38,"code":47950,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# int(101, 2)\n",[18,47952,47953],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47954,47955],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47956,47950],{"class":137},[14,47958,47959,47960,8585,47962,47964],{},"That causes a ",[18,47961,2998],{},[18,47963,47795],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[31,47966,47968],{"id":47967},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,47970,47971,47972,47974,47975,1301,47977,102],{},"Two common errors with ",[18,47973,2871],{}," are ",[18,47976,1041],{},[18,47978,2998],{},[1864,47980,47981],{"id":41494},[18,47982,1041],{},[14,47984,47985],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,47987,345],{},[36,47989,47991],{"className":38,"code":47990,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,47992,47993,47999,48017,48029],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47994,47995,47997],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47996,29785],{"class":969},[45,47998,1213],{"class":59},[45,48000,48001,48003,48005,48007,48009,48011,48013,48015],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,48002,8055],{"class":124},[45,48004,109],{"class":59},[45,48006,2184],{"class":315},[45,48008,109],{"class":59},[45,48010,64],{"class":63},[45,48012,40125],{"class":67},[45,48014,64],{"class":63},[45,48016,1802],{"class":59},[45,48018,48019,48021,48023,48025,48027],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,48020,29816],{"class":969},[45,48022,41907],{"class":315},[45,48024,47339],{"class":969},[45,48026,47342],{"class":51},[45,48028,1213],{"class":59},[45,48030,48031,48033,48035,48037],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,48032,8055],{"class":124},[45,48034,109],{"class":59},[45,48036,47371],{"class":105},[45,48038,118],{"class":59},[14,48040,268],{},[36,48042,48044],{"className":38,"code":48043,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[18,48045,48046],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48047,48048,48051,48053,48055,48057,48059,48061,48063,48065,48067,48069],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48049,48050],{"class":51},"invalid literal ",[45,48052,970],{"class":969},[45,48054,45258],{"class":315},[45,48056,7353],{"class":59},[45,48058,47407],{"class":969},[45,48060,47410],{"class":51},[45,48062,585],{"class":202},[45,48064,1111],{"class":59},[45,48066,438],{"class":63},[45,48068,40125],{"class":67},[45,48070,29681],{"class":63},[14,48072,48073,48074,48077,48078,48080],{},"A decimal string like ",[18,48075,48076],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[18,48079,2871],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[36,48082,48084],{"className":38,"code":48083,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[18,48085,48086],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48087,48088,48090,48092,48094,48096,48098,48100,48102,48104,48106],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48089,125],{"class":124},[45,48091,109],{"class":59},[45,48093,2184],{"class":315},[45,48095,109],{"class":59},[45,48097,2188],{"class":315},[45,48099,109],{"class":59},[45,48101,64],{"class":63},[45,48103,40125],{"class":67},[45,48105,64],{"class":63},[45,48107,2905],{"class":59},[14,48109,268],{},[36,48111,48112],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,48113,48114],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48115,48116],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48117,46598],{"class":202},[14,48119,48120,48121,1301,48124,102],{},"If you see this often, read ",[364,48122,48123],{"href":2955},"how to convert string to int in Python",[364,48125,25662,48126],{"href":45898},[18,48127,45899],{},[1864,48129,48130],{"id":41560},[18,48131,2998],{},[14,48133,48134],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48136,345],{},[36,48138,48140],{"className":38,"code":48139,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48141,48142,48148,48162,48175],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48143,48144,48146],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48145,29785],{"class":969},[45,48147,1213],{"class":59},[45,48149,48150,48152,48154,48156,48158,48160],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,48151,8055],{"class":124},[45,48153,109],{"class":59},[45,48155,2184],{"class":315},[45,48157,109],{"class":59},[45,48159,301],{"class":291},[45,48161,1802],{"class":59},[45,48163,48164,48166,48169,48171,48173],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,48165,29816],{"class":969},[45,48167,48168],{"class":315}," TypeError",[45,48170,47339],{"class":969},[45,48172,47342],{"class":51},[45,48174,1213],{"class":59},[45,48176,48177,48179,48181,48183],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,48178,8055],{"class":124},[45,48180,109],{"class":59},[45,48182,47371],{"class":105},[45,48184,118],{"class":59},[14,48186,268],{},[36,48188,48190],{"className":38,"code":48189,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[18,48191,48192],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48193,48194,48196,48198,48201,48203,48205,48208,48210,48213,48215,48218,48220,48222,48224,48226,48229],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48195,2184],{"class":315},[45,48197,7353],{"class":59},[45,48199,48200],{"class":51}," argument must be a string",[45,48202,73],{"class":59},[45,48204,44527],{"class":51},[45,48206,48207],{"class":315},"bytes",[45,48209,2016],{"class":55},[45,48211,48212],{"class":51},"like ",[45,48214,42380],{"class":315},[45,48216,48217],{"class":55}," or",[45,48219,40821],{"class":51},[45,48221,73],{"class":59},[45,48223,8085],{"class":55},[45,48225,438],{"class":63},[45,48227,48228],{"class":67},"NoneType",[45,48230,29681],{"class":63},[14,48232,48233,48234,48236],{},"Another example is using the ",[18,48235,47795],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[36,48238,48240],{"className":38,"code":48239,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48241,48242,48248,48266,48278],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48243,48244,48246],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48245,29785],{"class":969},[45,48247,1213],{"class":59},[45,48249,48250,48252,48254,48256,48258,48260,48262,48264],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,48251,8055],{"class":124},[45,48253,109],{"class":59},[45,48255,2184],{"class":315},[45,48257,109],{"class":59},[45,48259,46573],{"class":202},[45,48261,73],{"class":59},[45,48263,208],{"class":202},[45,48265,1802],{"class":59},[45,48267,48268,48270,48272,48274,48276],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,48269,29816],{"class":969},[45,48271,48168],{"class":315},[45,48273,47339],{"class":969},[45,48275,47342],{"class":51},[45,48277,1213],{"class":59},[45,48279,48280,48282,48284,48286],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,48281,8055],{"class":124},[45,48283,109],{"class":59},[45,48285,47371],{"class":105},[45,48287,118],{"class":59},[14,48289,268],{},[36,48291,48293],{"className":38,"code":48292,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[18,48294,48295],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48296,48297,48299,48301,48304,48306],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48298,2184],{"class":315},[45,48300,7353],{"class":59},[45,48302,48303],{"class":51}," can",[45,48305,429],{"class":63},[45,48307,48308],{"class":67},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[31,48310,4952,48312],{"id":48311},"when-to-use-int",[18,48313,2871],{},[14,48315,141,48316,48318],{},[18,48317,2871],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48320,48321],{},"Common uses:",[157,48323,48324,48330,48333,48336],{},[160,48325,48326,48327,48329],{},"Convert user input from ",[18,48328,2951],{}," into integers",[160,48331,48332],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[160,48334,48335],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[160,48337,48338,48339,36596],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[18,48340,47795],{},[14,48342,48343],{},"Example with user input:",[36,48345,48347],{"className":38,"code":48346,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[18,48348,48349,48363,48378,48382],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48350,48351,48354,48356,48358,48361],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48352,48353],{"class":51},"age_text ",[45,48355,56],{"class":55},[45,48357,76],{"class":63},[45,48359,48360],{"class":67},"18",[45,48362,1194],{"class":63},[45,48364,48365,48367,48369,48371,48373,48376],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,48366,21612],{"class":51},[45,48368,56],{"class":55},[45,48370,45258],{"class":315},[45,48372,109],{"class":59},[45,48374,48375],{"class":105},"age_text",[45,48377,118],{"class":59},[45,48379,48380],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,48381,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,48383,48384,48386,48388,48390,48392,48394],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,48385,125],{"class":124},[45,48387,109],{"class":59},[45,48389,21612],{"class":105},[45,48391,2053],{"class":55},[45,48393,5488],{"class":202},[45,48395,118],{"class":59},[14,48397,268],{},[36,48399,48401],{"className":38,"code":48400,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"19\n",[18,48402,48403],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48404,48405],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48406,48400],{"class":202},[31,48408,1709],{"id":1708},[14,48410,14719,48411,102],{},[18,48412,2871],{},[1864,48414,48416],{"id":48415},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48418,48419],{},"This fails:",[36,48421,48423],{"className":38,"code":48422,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[18,48424,48425],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48426,48427],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48428,48422],{"class":137},[14,48430,48431,48432,48435],{},"Why: ",[18,48433,48434],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48437,18826],{},[36,48439,48441],{"className":38,"code":48440,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[18,48442,48443],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48444,48445,48447,48449,48451,48453,48455,48457,48459,48461,48463],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48446,125],{"class":124},[45,48448,109],{"class":59},[45,48450,2184],{"class":315},[45,48452,109],{"class":59},[45,48454,2188],{"class":315},[45,48456,109],{"class":59},[45,48458,64],{"class":63},[45,48460,41105],{"class":67},[45,48462,64],{"class":63},[45,48464,2905],{"class":59},[1864,48466,48468],{"id":48467},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48470,48419],{},[36,48472,48474],{"className":38,"code":48473,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[18,48475,48476],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48477,48478],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48479,48473],{"class":137},[14,48481,48482],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1864,48484,48486,48487],{"id":48485},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[18,48488,48489],{},"int(None)",[14,48491,48492,48493,48495],{},"This fails because ",[18,48494,301],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[36,48497,48499],{"className":38,"code":48498,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48500,48501,48510,48514,48520,48534,48546],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48502,48503,48505,48507],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48504,1185],{"class":51},[45,48506,56],{"class":55},[45,48508,48509],{"class":291}," None\n",[45,48511,48512],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,48513,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,48515,48516,48518],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,48517,29785],{"class":969},[45,48519,1213],{"class":59},[45,48521,48522,48524,48526,48528,48530,48532],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,48523,8055],{"class":124},[45,48525,109],{"class":59},[45,48527,2184],{"class":315},[45,48529,109],{"class":59},[45,48531,28],{"class":105},[45,48533,1802],{"class":59},[45,48535,48536,48538,48540,48542,48544],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,48537,29816],{"class":969},[45,48539,48168],{"class":315},[45,48541,47339],{"class":969},[45,48543,47342],{"class":51},[45,48545,1213],{"class":59},[45,48547,48548,48550,48552,48554],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,48549,8055],{"class":124},[45,48551,109],{"class":59},[45,48553,47371],{"class":105},[45,48555,118],{"class":59},[1864,48557,48559],{"id":48558},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48561,48419],{},[36,48563,48564],{"className":38,"code":47950,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,48565,48566],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48567,48568],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48569,47950],{"class":137},[14,48571,48572],{},"Use a string instead:",[36,48574,48575],{"className":38,"code":47803,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,48576,48577],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48578,48579,48581,48583,48585,48587,48589,48591,48593,48595,48597],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48580,125],{"class":124},[45,48582,109],{"class":59},[45,48584,2184],{"class":315},[45,48586,109],{"class":59},[45,48588,64],{"class":63},[45,48590,46573],{"class":67},[45,48592,64],{"class":63},[45,48594,73],{"class":59},[45,48596,208],{"class":202},[45,48598,1802],{"class":59},[1864,48600,1722,48602,48604],{"id":48601},"expecting-int-to-round",[18,48603,2871],{}," to round",[14,48606,48607],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[36,48609,48611],{"className":38,"code":48610,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(4.9))\n",[18,48612,48613],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48614,48615,48617,48619,48621,48623,48626],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48616,125],{"class":124},[45,48618,109],{"class":59},[45,48620,2184],{"class":315},[45,48622,109],{"class":59},[45,48624,48625],{"class":202},"4.9",[45,48627,1802],{"class":59},[14,48629,268],{},[36,48631,48633],{"className":38,"code":48632,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"4\n",[18,48634,48635],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48636,48637],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48638,48632],{"class":202},[14,48640,3163,48641,48643,48644,48646],{},[18,48642,2131],{},", remember that ",[18,48645,2871],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[31,48648,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,48650,175,48652,48654],{"id":48651},"does-int-round-numbers",[18,48653,2871],{}," round numbers?",[14,48656,46346,48657,48659],{},[18,48658,2871],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1864,48661,5148,48663,48666],{"id":48662},"why-does-int314-fail",[18,48664,48665],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48668,29042,48669,48671,48672,48674,48675,39911],{},[18,48670,48076],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[18,48673,2877],{}," first, then use ",[18,48676,2871],{},[1864,48678,5133,48680,12703],{"id":48679},"what-does-inttrue-return",[18,48681,48682],{},"int(True)",[14,48684,1877,48685,28295,48687,42136,48689,102],{},[18,48686,203],{},[18,48688,3667],{},[18,48690,2114],{},[1864,48692,48694],{"id":48693},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48696,48697],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[31,48699,1909],{"id":1908},[157,48701,48702,48708,48714,48720,48725,48729,48735],{},[160,48703,48704],{},[364,48705,48706,3502],{"href":2874},[18,48707,2877],{},[160,48709,48710],{},[364,48711,48712,3502],{"href":42156},[18,48713,47665],{},[160,48715,48716],{},[364,48717,48718,3502],{"href":5771},[18,48719,3806],{},[160,48721,48722],{},[364,48723,48724],{"href":2955},"How to convert string to int in Python",[160,48726,48727],{},[364,48728,9043],{"href":8965},[160,48730,48731],{},[364,48732,48733,3502],{"href":8205},[18,48734,2951],{},[160,48736,48737],{},[364,48738,30328,48739],{"href":45898},[18,48740,45899],{},[1936,48742,48743],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":48745},[48746,48747,48749,48753,48758,48760,48762,48767,48771,48773,48782,48791],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":46610,"depth":96,"text":48748},"What int() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153,"children":48750},[48751,48752],{"id":46801,"depth":121,"text":46804},{"id":46901,"depth":121,"text":46904},{"id":47037,"depth":96,"text":48754,"children":48755},"Using int() with strings",[48756,48757],{"id":47159,"depth":121,"text":47160},{"id":47247,"depth":121,"text":47248},{"id":47522,"depth":96,"text":48759},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47668,"depth":96,"text":48761},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47788,"depth":96,"text":47789,"children":48763},[48764,48765,48766],{"id":47799,"depth":121,"text":47800},{"id":47868,"depth":121,"text":47869},{"id":47909,"depth":121,"text":47910},{"id":47967,"depth":96,"text":47968,"children":48768},[48769,48770],{"id":41494,"depth":121,"text":1041},{"id":41560,"depth":121,"text":2998},{"id":48311,"depth":96,"text":48772},"When to use int()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":48774},[48775,48776,48777,48779,48780],{"id":48415,"depth":121,"text":48416},{"id":48467,"depth":121,"text":48468},{"id":48485,"depth":121,"text":48778},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48558,"depth":121,"text":48559},{"id":48601,"depth":121,"text":48781},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":48783},[48784,48786,48788,48790],{"id":48651,"depth":121,"text":48785},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48662,"depth":121,"text":48787},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48679,"depth":121,"text":48789},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48693,"depth":121,"text":48694},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42077,"description":48792},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48799,"title":48800,"body":48801,"description":50637,"extension":1958,"meta":50638,"navigation":241,"path":44784,"seo":50639,"stem":50640,"__hash__":50641},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48802,"toc":50593},[48803,48808,48813,48821,48830,48832,48891,48897,48902,48907,48910,48938,48941,48944,48955,48965,48967,48969,48989,48993,49021,49023,49062,49064,49072,49074,49077,49081,49134,49136,49148,49152,49209,49211,49223,49229,49235,49239,49242,49245,49311,49313,49325,49331,49333,49385,49388,49429,49432,49439,49448,49454,49457,49490,49496,49499,49530,49536,49539,49551,49555,49560,49564,49722,49724,49739,49742,49746,49850,49852,49869,49873,49934,49936,49944,49947,49951,50018,50020,50029,50035,50037,50046,50048,50083,50088,50090,50120,50124,50126,50163,50166,50168,50205,50211,50213,50263,50265,50273,50283,50289,50293,50298,50347,50349,50362,50365,50367,50370,50445,50448,50467,50470,50500,50510,50512,50517,50524,50530,50536,50543,50551,50557,50560,50562,50590],[10,48804,3569,48806,3573],{"id":48805},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[18,48807,44787],{},[14,48809,48810,48812],{},[18,48811,44787],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48814,48815,48816,1742,48818,48820],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[18,48817,3598],{},[18,48819,3667],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48822,48823,48824,48826,48827,48829],{},"In many cases, ",[18,48825,44787],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[18,48828,2297],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[31,48831,3603],{"id":3602},[36,48833,48835],{"className":38,"code":48834,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[18,48836,48837,48845,48849,48870],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48838,48839,48841,48843],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48840,1185],{"class":51},[45,48842,56],{"class":55},[45,48844,2581],{"class":202},[45,48846,48847],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,48848,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,48850,48851,48853,48855,48858,48860,48862,48864,48866,48868],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,48852,125],{"class":124},[45,48854,109],{"class":59},[45,48856,48857],{"class":124},"isinstance",[45,48859,109],{"class":59},[45,48861,28],{"class":105},[45,48863,73],{"class":59},[45,48865,45258],{"class":315},[45,48867,5353],{"class":59},[45,48869,43837],{"class":137},[45,48871,48872,48874,48876,48878,48880,48882,48884,48887,48889],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,48873,125],{"class":124},[45,48875,109],{"class":59},[45,48877,48857],{"class":124},[45,48879,109],{"class":59},[45,48881,28],{"class":105},[45,48883,73],{"class":59},[45,48885,48886],{"class":315}," str",[45,48888,5353],{"class":59},[45,48890,43854],{"class":137},[14,48892,141,48893,48896],{},[18,48894,48895],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[31,48898,3671,48900,3674],{"id":48899},"what-isinstance-does",[18,48901,44787],{},[14,48903,48904,48906],{},[18,48905,44787],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,48908,48909],{},"It:",[157,48911,48912,48915,48921,48924],{},[160,48913,48914],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[160,48916,11412,48917,1742,48919],{},[18,48918,3598],{},[18,48920,3667],{},[160,48922,48923],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[160,48925,48926,48927,2185,48929,2185,48931,2185,48933,17058,48936],{},"Is commonly used with ",[18,48928,3436],{},[18,48930,2184],{},[18,48932,316],{},[18,48934,48935],{},"tuple",[18,48937,8806],{},[14,48939,48940],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,48942,48943],{},"For example, you might want to:",[157,48945,48946,48949,48952],{},[160,48947,48948],{},"loop through a list",[160,48950,48951],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[160,48953,48954],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,48956,48957,48958,1742,48961,102],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[364,48959,44779],{"href":48960},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[364,48962,48964],{"href":48963},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[31,48966,2153],{"id":2152},[14,48968,2156],{},[36,48970,48972],{"className":38,"code":48971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[18,48973,48974],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48975,48976,48978,48980,48982,48984,48987],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48977,48857],{"class":124},[45,48979,109],{"class":59},[45,48981,42380],{"class":315},[45,48983,73],{"class":59},[45,48985,48986],{"class":105}," classinfo",[45,48988,118],{"class":59},[1864,48990,48992],{"id":48991},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[157,48994,48995,49000,49014],{},[160,48996,48997,48999],{},[18,48998,42380],{}," is the value you want to test",[160,49001,49002,49005,49006,2185,49008,2185,49010,2189,49012],{},[18,49003,49004],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[18,49007,2184],{},[18,49009,3436],{},[18,49011,316],{},[18,49013,8806],{},[160,49015,49016,49017,1742,49019],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[18,49018,3598],{},[18,49020,3667],{},[14,49022,345],{},[36,49024,49026],{"className":38,"code":49025,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[18,49027,49028,49040,49044],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49029,49030,49032,49034,49036,49038],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49031,7862],{"class":51},[45,49033,56],{"class":55},[45,49035,76],{"class":63},[45,49037,11498],{"class":67},[45,49039,1194],{"class":63},[45,49041,49042],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49043,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,49045,49046,49048,49050,49052,49054,49056,49058,49060],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49047,125],{"class":124},[45,49049,109],{"class":59},[45,49051,48857],{"class":124},[45,49053,109],{"class":59},[45,49055,7656],{"class":105},[45,49057,73],{"class":59},[45,49059,48886],{"class":315},[45,49061,1802],{"class":59},[14,49063,268],{},[36,49065,49066],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,49067,49068],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49069,49070],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49071,3971],{"class":291},[31,49073,11464],{"id":11463},[14,49075,49076],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1864,49078,49080],{"id":49079},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[36,49082,49084],{"className":38,"code":49083,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[18,49085,49086,49094,49098,49116],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49087,49088,49090,49092],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49089,1185],{"class":51},[45,49091,56],{"class":55},[45,49093,45207],{"class":202},[45,49095,49096],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49097,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,49099,49100,49102,49104,49106,49108,49110,49112,49114],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49101,125],{"class":124},[45,49103,109],{"class":59},[45,49105,48857],{"class":124},[45,49107,109],{"class":59},[45,49109,28],{"class":105},[45,49111,73],{"class":59},[45,49113,45258],{"class":315},[45,49115,1802],{"class":59},[45,49117,49118,49120,49122,49124,49126,49128,49130,49132],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,49119,125],{"class":124},[45,49121,109],{"class":59},[45,49123,48857],{"class":124},[45,49125,109],{"class":59},[45,49127,28],{"class":105},[45,49129,73],{"class":59},[45,49131,48886],{"class":315},[45,49133,1802],{"class":59},[14,49135,268],{},[36,49137,49138],{"className":38,"code":44156,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,49139,49140,49144],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49141,49142],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49143,3971],{"class":291},[45,49145,49146],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49147,4032],{"class":291},[1864,49149,49151],{"id":49150},"check-text","Check text",[36,49153,49155],{"className":38,"code":49154,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[18,49156,49157,49169,49173,49191],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49158,49159,49161,49163,49165,49167],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49160,34669],{"class":51},[45,49162,56],{"class":55},[45,49164,76],{"class":63},[45,49166,3839],{"class":67},[45,49168,1194],{"class":63},[45,49170,49171],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49172,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,49174,49175,49177,49179,49181,49183,49185,49187,49189],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49176,125],{"class":124},[45,49178,109],{"class":59},[45,49180,48857],{"class":124},[45,49182,109],{"class":59},[45,49184,34690],{"class":105},[45,49186,73],{"class":59},[45,49188,48886],{"class":315},[45,49190,1802],{"class":59},[45,49192,49193,49195,49197,49199,49201,49203,49205,49207],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,49194,125],{"class":124},[45,49196,109],{"class":59},[45,49198,48857],{"class":124},[45,49200,109],{"class":59},[45,49202,34690],{"class":105},[45,49204,73],{"class":59},[45,49206,45258],{"class":315},[45,49208,1802],{"class":59},[14,49210,268],{},[36,49212,49213],{"className":38,"code":44156,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,49214,49215,49219],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49216,49217],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49218,3971],{"class":291},[45,49220,49221],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49222,4032],{"class":291},[14,49224,49225,49226,49228],{},"In both examples, ",[18,49227,44787],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49230,49231,49232,102],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[364,49233,49234],{"href":2955},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[31,49236,49238],{"id":49237},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49240,49241],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49243,49244],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[36,49246,49248],{"className":38,"code":49247,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[18,49249,49250,49259,49263,49287],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49251,49252,49254,49256],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49253,1185],{"class":51},[45,49255,56],{"class":55},[45,49257,49258],{"class":202}," 3.5\n",[45,49260,49261],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49262,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,49264,49265,49267,49269,49271,49273,49275,49277,49279,49281,49283,49285],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49266,125],{"class":124},[45,49268,109],{"class":59},[45,49270,48857],{"class":124},[45,49272,109],{"class":59},[45,49274,28],{"class":105},[45,49276,73],{"class":59},[45,49278,9222],{"class":59},[45,49280,2184],{"class":315},[45,49282,73],{"class":59},[45,49284,40237],{"class":315},[45,49286,2905],{"class":59},[45,49288,49289,49291,49293,49295,49297,49299,49301,49303,49305,49307,49309],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,49290,125],{"class":124},[45,49292,109],{"class":59},[45,49294,48857],{"class":124},[45,49296,109],{"class":59},[45,49298,28],{"class":105},[45,49300,73],{"class":59},[45,49302,9222],{"class":59},[45,49304,3436],{"class":315},[45,49306,73],{"class":59},[45,49308,1114],{"class":315},[45,49310,2905],{"class":59},[14,49312,268],{},[36,49314,49315],{"className":38,"code":44156,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,49316,49317,49321],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49318,49319],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49320,3971],{"class":291},[45,49322,49323],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49324,4032],{"class":291},[14,49326,49327,49328,49330],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[18,49329,40818],{}," conditions.",[14,49332,8284],{},[36,49334,49336],{"className":38,"code":49335,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[18,49337,49338,49346,49350],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49339,49340,49342,49344],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49341,1185],{"class":51},[45,49343,56],{"class":55},[45,49345,49258],{"class":202},[45,49347,49348],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49349,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,49351,49352,49354,49356,49358,49360,49362,49364,49366,49368,49370,49373,49375,49377,49379,49381,49383],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49353,125],{"class":124},[45,49355,109],{"class":59},[45,49357,1811],{"class":315},[45,49359,109],{"class":59},[45,49361,28],{"class":105},[45,49363,3654],{"class":59},[45,49365,6395],{"class":55},[45,49367,45258],{"class":315},[45,49369,48217],{"class":969},[45,49371,49372],{"class":315}," type",[45,49374,109],{"class":59},[45,49376,28],{"class":105},[45,49378,3654],{"class":59},[45,49380,6395],{"class":55},[45,49382,40237],{"class":315},[45,49384,118],{"class":59},[14,49386,49387],{},"you can write this:",[36,49389,49391],{"className":38,"code":49390,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,49392,49393,49401,49405],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49394,49395,49397,49399],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49396,1185],{"class":51},[45,49398,56],{"class":55},[45,49400,49258],{"class":202},[45,49402,49403],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49404,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,49406,49407,49409,49411,49413,49415,49417,49419,49421,49423,49425,49427],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49408,125],{"class":124},[45,49410,109],{"class":59},[45,49412,48857],{"class":124},[45,49414,109],{"class":59},[45,49416,28],{"class":105},[45,49418,73],{"class":59},[45,49420,9222],{"class":59},[45,49422,2184],{"class":315},[45,49424,73],{"class":59},[45,49426,40237],{"class":315},[45,49428,2905],{"class":59},[14,49430,49431],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[31,49433,49435,10572,49437],{"id":49434},"isinstance-vs-type",[18,49436,44787],{},[18,49438,2297],{},[14,49440,10577,49441,1301,49443,49447],{},[18,49442,44787],{},[364,49444,49445],{"href":2294},[18,49446,2297],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1864,49449,49451],{"id":49450},"typevalue-int",[18,49452,49453],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49455,49456],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[36,49458,49460],{"className":38,"code":49459,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[18,49461,49462,49470],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49463,49464,49466,49468],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49465,1185],{"class":51},[45,49467,56],{"class":55},[45,49469,2581],{"class":202},[45,49471,49472,49474,49476,49478,49480,49482,49484,49486,49488],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49473,125],{"class":124},[45,49475,109],{"class":59},[45,49477,1811],{"class":315},[45,49479,109],{"class":59},[45,49481,28],{"class":105},[45,49483,3654],{"class":59},[45,49485,6395],{"class":55},[45,49487,45258],{"class":315},[45,49489,118],{"class":59},[1864,49491,49493],{"id":49492},"isinstancevalue-int",[18,49494,49495],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49497,49498],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[36,49500,49502],{"className":38,"code":49501,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,49503,49504,49512],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49505,49506,49508,49510],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49507,1185],{"class":51},[45,49509,56],{"class":55},[45,49511,2581],{"class":202},[45,49513,49514,49516,49518,49520,49522,49524,49526,49528],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49515,125],{"class":124},[45,49517,109],{"class":59},[45,49519,48857],{"class":124},[45,49521,109],{"class":59},[45,49523,28],{"class":105},[45,49525,73],{"class":59},[45,49527,45258],{"class":315},[45,49529,1802],{"class":59},[14,49531,49532,49533,49535],{},"For beginners, ",[18,49534,44787],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49537,49538],{},"In everyday code:",[157,49540,49541,49546],{},[160,49542,39972,49543,49545],{},[18,49544,2297],{}," when you need the exact type",[160,49547,39972,49548,49550],{},[18,49549,44787],{}," when you want a practical type check",[31,49552,49554],{"id":49553},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49556,49557,49558,102],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[18,49559,44787],{},[1864,49561,49563],{"id":49562},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[36,49565,49567],{"className":38,"code":49566,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[18,49568,49569,49587,49606,49618,49623,49641,49652,49656,49668,49672,49696],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49570,49571,49573,49576,49578,49580,49582,49585],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49572,34832],{"class":2059},[45,49574,49575],{"class":34835}," repeat_text",[45,49577,109],{"class":59},[45,49579,34690],{"class":37643},[45,49581,73],{"class":59},[45,49583,49584],{"class":37643}," count",[45,49586,8327],{"class":59},[45,49588,49589,49591,49593,49596,49598,49600,49602,49604],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49590,6385],{"class":969},[45,49592,8085],{"class":55},[45,49594,49595],{"class":124}," isinstance",[45,49597,109],{"class":59},[45,49599,34690],{"class":105},[45,49601,73],{"class":59},[45,49603,48886],{"class":315},[45,49605,8327],{"class":59},[45,49607,49608,49611,49613,49616],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49609,49610],{"class":969},"        return",[45,49612,76],{"class":63},[45,49614,49615],{"class":67},"text must be a string",[45,49617,1194],{"class":63},[45,49619,49620],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,49621,49622],{"class":51},"    \n",[45,49624,49625,49627,49629,49631,49633,49635,49637,49639],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,49626,6385],{"class":969},[45,49628,8085],{"class":55},[45,49630,49595],{"class":124},[45,49632,109],{"class":59},[45,49634,1795],{"class":105},[45,49636,73],{"class":59},[45,49638,45258],{"class":315},[45,49640,8327],{"class":59},[45,49642,49643,49645,49647,49650],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,49644,49610],{"class":969},[45,49646,76],{"class":63},[45,49648,49649],{"class":67},"count must be an integer",[45,49651,1194],{"class":63},[45,49653,49654],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,49655,49622],{"class":51},[45,49657,49658,49660,49663,49665],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,49659,34843],{"class":969},[45,49661,49662],{"class":51}," text ",[45,49664,39854],{"class":55},[45,49666,49667],{"class":51}," count\n",[45,49669,49670],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,49671,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,49673,49674,49676,49678,49681,49683,49685,49688,49690,49692,49694],{"class":47,"line":6423},[45,49675,125],{"class":124},[45,49677,109],{"class":59},[45,49679,49680],{"class":105},"repeat_text",[45,49682,109],{"class":59},[45,49684,64],{"class":63},[45,49686,49687],{"class":67},"Hi ",[45,49689,64],{"class":63},[45,49691,73],{"class":59},[45,49693,213],{"class":202},[45,49695,1802],{"class":59},[45,49697,49698,49700,49702,49704,49706,49708,49710,49712,49714,49716,49718,49720],{"class":47,"line":11584},[45,49699,125],{"class":124},[45,49701,109],{"class":59},[45,49703,49680],{"class":105},[45,49705,109],{"class":59},[45,49707,64],{"class":63},[45,49709,49687],{"class":67},[45,49711,64],{"class":63},[45,49713,73],{"class":59},[45,49715,76],{"class":63},[45,49717,2056],{"class":67},[45,49719,64],{"class":63},[45,49721,1802],{"class":59},[14,49723,268],{},[36,49725,49727],{"className":38,"code":49726,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[18,49728,49729,49734],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49730,49731],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49732,49733],{"class":51},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[45,49735,49736],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49737,49738],{"class":51},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49740,49741],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1864,49743,49745],{"id":49744},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[36,49747,49749],{"className":38,"code":49748,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[18,49750,49751,49783,49787,49803,49818,49835],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49752,49753,49755,49757,49759,49761,49763,49765,49767,49769,49771,49773,49775,49777,49779,49781],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49754,1185],{"class":51},[45,49756,56],{"class":55},[45,49758,60],{"class":59},[45,49760,64],{"class":63},[45,49762,364],{"class":67},[45,49764,64],{"class":63},[45,49766,73],{"class":59},[45,49768,76],{"class":63},[45,49770,373],{"class":67},[45,49772,64],{"class":63},[45,49774,73],{"class":59},[45,49776,76],{"class":63},[45,49778,382],{"class":67},[45,49780,64],{"class":63},[45,49782,93],{"class":59},[45,49784,49785],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49786,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,49788,49789,49791,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49790,982],{"class":969},[45,49792,49595],{"class":124},[45,49794,109],{"class":59},[45,49796,28],{"class":105},[45,49798,73],{"class":59},[45,49800,48886],{"class":315},[45,49802,8327],{"class":59},[45,49804,49805,49807,49809,49811,49814,49816],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,49806,8055],{"class":124},[45,49808,109],{"class":59},[45,49810,64],{"class":63},[45,49812,49813],{"class":67},"This is text",[45,49815,64],{"class":63},[45,49817,118],{"class":59},[45,49819,49820,49823,49825,49827,49829,49831,49833],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,49821,49822],{"class":969},"elif",[45,49824,49595],{"class":124},[45,49826,109],{"class":59},[45,49828,28],{"class":105},[45,49830,73],{"class":59},[45,49832,1114],{"class":315},[45,49834,8327],{"class":59},[45,49836,49837,49839,49841,49843,49846,49848],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,49838,8055],{"class":124},[45,49840,109],{"class":59},[45,49842,64],{"class":63},[45,49844,49845],{"class":67},"This is a list",[45,49847,64],{"class":63},[45,49849,118],{"class":59},[14,49851,268],{},[36,49853,49855],{"className":38,"code":49854,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"This is a list\n",[18,49856,49857],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49858,49859,49862,49864,49866],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49860,49861],{"class":51},"This ",[45,49863,12182],{"class":55},[45,49865,44527],{"class":51},[45,49867,49868],{"class":315},"list\n",[1864,49870,49872],{"id":49871},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[36,49874,49876],{"className":38,"code":49875,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[18,49877,49878,49890,49894,49910,49924],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49879,49880,49882,49884,49886,49888],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49881,1185],{"class":51},[45,49883,56],{"class":55},[45,49885,76],{"class":63},[45,49887,46507],{"class":67},[45,49889,1194],{"class":63},[45,49891,49892],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49893,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,49895,49896,49898,49900,49902,49904,49906,49908],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49897,982],{"class":969},[45,49899,49595],{"class":124},[45,49901,109],{"class":59},[45,49903,28],{"class":105},[45,49905,73],{"class":59},[45,49907,48886],{"class":315},[45,49909,8327],{"class":59},[45,49911,49912,49914,49916,49918,49920,49922],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,49913,41871],{"class":51},[45,49915,56],{"class":55},[45,49917,45258],{"class":315},[45,49919,109],{"class":59},[45,49921,28],{"class":105},[45,49923,118],{"class":59},[45,49925,49926,49928,49930,49932],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,49927,8055],{"class":124},[45,49929,109],{"class":59},[45,49931,2235],{"class":105},[45,49933,118],{"class":59},[14,49935,268],{},[36,49937,49938],{"className":38,"code":46593,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,49939,49940],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49941,49942],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49943,46593],{"class":202},[14,49945,49946],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1864,49948,49950],{"id":49949},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[36,49952,49954],{"className":38,"code":49953,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[18,49955,49956,49980,49984,50000],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49957,49958,49960,49962,49964,49966,49968,49970,49972,49974,49976,49978],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49959,1185],{"class":51},[45,49961,56],{"class":55},[45,49963,10477],{"class":59},[45,49965,64],{"class":63},[45,49967,7656],{"class":67},[45,49969,64],{"class":63},[45,49971,1111],{"class":59},[45,49973,76],{"class":63},[45,49975,12867],{"class":67},[45,49977,64],{"class":63},[45,49979,9295],{"class":59},[45,49981,49982],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,49983,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,49985,49986,49988,49990,49992,49994,49996,49998],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49987,982],{"class":969},[45,49989,49595],{"class":124},[45,49991,109],{"class":59},[45,49993,28],{"class":105},[45,49995,73],{"class":59},[45,49997,9156],{"class":315},[45,49999,8327],{"class":59},[45,50001,50002,50004,50006,50008,50010,50012,50014,50016],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,50003,8055],{"class":124},[45,50005,109],{"class":59},[45,50007,28],{"class":105},[45,50009,278],{"class":59},[45,50011,64],{"class":63},[45,50013,7656],{"class":67},[45,50015,64],{"class":63},[45,50017,3880],{"class":59},[14,50019,268],{},[36,50021,50023],{"className":38,"code":50022,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Ana\n",[18,50024,50025],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50026,50027],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50028,50022],{"class":51},[14,50030,50031,50032,50034],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[18,50033,2998],{}," messages later.",[31,50036,4509],{"id":4508},[1864,50038,50040,50041,11080,50044],{"id":50039},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[18,50042,50043],{},"\"int\"",[18,50045,2184],{},[14,50047,16629],{},[36,50049,50051],{"className":38,"code":50050,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[18,50052,50053,50061],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50054,50055,50057,50059],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50056,1185],{"class":51},[45,50058,56],{"class":55},[45,50060,2581],{"class":202},[45,50062,50063,50065,50067,50069,50071,50073,50075,50077,50079,50081],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,50064,125],{"class":124},[45,50066,109],{"class":59},[45,50068,48857],{"class":124},[45,50070,109],{"class":59},[45,50072,28],{"class":105},[45,50074,73],{"class":59},[45,50076,76],{"class":63},[45,50078,2184],{"class":67},[45,50080,64],{"class":63},[45,50082,1802],{"class":59},[14,50084,50085,50087],{},[18,50086,50043],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,50089,16641],{},[36,50091,50092],{"className":38,"code":49501,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,50093,50094,50102],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50095,50096,50098,50100],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50097,1185],{"class":51},[45,50099,56],{"class":55},[45,50101,2581],{"class":202},[45,50103,50104,50106,50108,50110,50112,50114,50116,50118],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,50105,125],{"class":124},[45,50107,109],{"class":59},[45,50109,48857],{"class":124},[45,50111,109],{"class":59},[45,50113,28],{"class":105},[45,50115,73],{"class":59},[45,50117,45258],{"class":315},[45,50119,1802],{"class":59},[1864,50121,50123],{"id":50122},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50125,16629],{},[36,50127,50129],{"className":38,"code":50128,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[18,50130,50131,50139],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50132,50133,50135,50137],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50134,1185],{"class":51},[45,50136,56],{"class":55},[45,50138,34823],{"class":202},[45,50140,50141,50143,50145,50147,50149,50151,50153,50155,50157,50159,50161],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,50142,125],{"class":124},[45,50144,109],{"class":59},[45,50146,48857],{"class":124},[45,50148,109],{"class":59},[45,50150,28],{"class":105},[45,50152,73],{"class":59},[45,50154,60],{"class":59},[45,50156,2184],{"class":315},[45,50158,73],{"class":59},[45,50160,40237],{"class":315},[45,50162,2992],{"class":59},[14,50164,50165],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50167,16641],{},[36,50169,50171],{"className":38,"code":50170,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,50172,50173,50181],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50174,50175,50177,50179],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50176,1185],{"class":51},[45,50178,56],{"class":55},[45,50180,34823],{"class":202},[45,50182,50183,50185,50187,50189,50191,50193,50195,50197,50199,50201,50203],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,50184,125],{"class":124},[45,50186,109],{"class":59},[45,50188,48857],{"class":124},[45,50190,109],{"class":59},[45,50192,28],{"class":105},[45,50194,73],{"class":59},[45,50196,9222],{"class":59},[45,50198,2184],{"class":315},[45,50200,73],{"class":59},[45,50202,40237],{"class":315},[45,50204,2905],{"class":59},[1864,50206,25757,50208,50210],{"id":50207},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[18,50209,44787],{}," converts a value",[14,50212,18899],{},[36,50214,50216],{"className":38,"code":50215,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,50217,50218,50231,50249,50253],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50219,50220,50222,50224,50226,50229],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50221,1185],{"class":51},[45,50223,56],{"class":55},[45,50225,76],{"class":63},[45,50227,50228],{"class":67},"123",[45,50230,1194],{"class":63},[45,50232,50233,50235,50237,50239,50241,50243,50245,50247],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,50234,220],{"class":51},[45,50236,56],{"class":55},[45,50238,49595],{"class":124},[45,50240,109],{"class":59},[45,50242,28],{"class":105},[45,50244,73],{"class":59},[45,50246,45258],{"class":315},[45,50248,118],{"class":59},[45,50250,50251],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50252,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,50254,50255,50257,50259,50261],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,50256,125],{"class":124},[45,50258,109],{"class":59},[45,50260,263],{"class":105},[45,50262,118],{"class":59},[14,50264,268],{},[36,50266,50267],{"className":38,"code":4032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,50268,50269],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50270,50271],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50272,4032],{"class":291},[14,50274,50275,50276,50279,50280,50282],{},"This does not convert ",[18,50277,50278],{},"\"123\""," into ",[18,50281,50228],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50284,50285,50286,6618],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[18,50287,50288],{},"int(value)",[1864,50290,50292],{"id":50291},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50294,50295,50297],{},[18,50296,44787],{}," does not modify anything.",[36,50299,50301],{"className":38,"code":50300,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[18,50302,50303,50315,50319,50337],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50304,50305,50307,50309,50311,50313],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50306,1185],{"class":51},[45,50308,56],{"class":55},[45,50310,76],{"class":63},[45,50312,13543],{"class":67},[45,50314,1194],{"class":63},[45,50316,50317],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,50318,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,50320,50321,50323,50325,50327,50329,50331,50333,50335],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50322,125],{"class":124},[45,50324,109],{"class":59},[45,50326,48857],{"class":124},[45,50328,109],{"class":59},[45,50330,28],{"class":105},[45,50332,73],{"class":59},[45,50334,48886],{"class":315},[45,50336,1802],{"class":59},[45,50338,50339,50341,50343,50345],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,50340,125],{"class":124},[45,50342,109],{"class":59},[45,50344,28],{"class":105},[45,50346,118],{"class":59},[14,50348,268],{},[36,50350,50352],{"className":38,"code":50351,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\n100\n",[18,50353,50354,50358],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50355,50356],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50357,3971],{"class":291},[45,50359,50360],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,50361,47244],{"class":202},[14,50363,50364],{},"The value stays the same.",[31,50366,25925],{"id":25924},[14,50368,50369],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[36,50371,50373],{"className":38,"code":50372,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,50374,50375,50389,50407,50431],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50376,50377,50379,50381,50383,50385,50387],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50378,125],{"class":124},[45,50380,109],{"class":59},[45,50382,1811],{"class":315},[45,50384,109],{"class":59},[45,50386,28],{"class":105},[45,50388,1802],{"class":59},[45,50390,50391,50393,50395,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,50392,125],{"class":124},[45,50394,109],{"class":59},[45,50396,48857],{"class":124},[45,50398,109],{"class":59},[45,50400,28],{"class":105},[45,50402,73],{"class":59},[45,50404,45258],{"class":315},[45,50406,1802],{"class":59},[45,50408,50409,50411,50413,50415,50417,50419,50421,50423,50425,50427,50429],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50410,125],{"class":124},[45,50412,109],{"class":59},[45,50414,48857],{"class":124},[45,50416,109],{"class":59},[45,50418,28],{"class":105},[45,50420,73],{"class":59},[45,50422,9222],{"class":59},[45,50424,2184],{"class":315},[45,50426,73],{"class":59},[45,50428,40237],{"class":315},[45,50430,2905],{"class":59},[45,50432,50433,50435,50437,50439,50441,50443],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,50434,125],{"class":124},[45,50436,109],{"class":59},[45,50438,41760],{"class":124},[45,50440,109],{"class":59},[45,50442,28],{"class":105},[45,50444,1802],{"class":59},[14,50446,50447],{},"These can help when:",[157,50449,50450,50453,50458,50461],{},[160,50451,50452],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[160,50454,50455,50456],{},"you are getting a ",[18,50457,2998],{},[160,50459,50460],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[160,50462,50463,50464,50466],{},"the second argument to ",[18,50465,44787],{}," is invalid",[14,50468,50469],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[157,50471,50472,50486,50492,50497],{},[160,50473,50474,50475,1742,50478,50481,50482,1742,50484],{},"using ",[18,50476,50477],{},"'int'",[18,50479,50480],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[18,50483,2184],{},[18,50485,3436],{},[160,50487,50488,50489,50491],{},"expecting ",[18,50490,44787],{}," to convert a value",[160,50493,50474,50494,50496],{},[18,50495,2297],{}," when inherited types should also match",[160,50498,50499],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50501,50502,50503,102],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[364,50504,50506,50507],{"href":50505},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[18,50508,50509],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[31,50511,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,50513,5133,50515,5136],{"id":50514},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[18,50516,44787],{},[14,50518,1877,50519,50521,50522,102],{},[18,50520,3598],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[18,50523,3667],{},[1864,50525,5160,50527,50529],{"id":50526},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[18,50528,44787],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50531,50532,50533,102],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[18,50534,50535],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1864,50537,5170,50539,1301,50541,2485],{"id":50538},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[18,50540,44787],{},[18,50542,2297],{},[14,50544,50545,50547,50548,50550],{},[18,50546,2297],{}," gives the exact type. ",[18,50549,44787],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1864,50552,175,50554,50556],{"id":50553},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[18,50555,44787],{}," convert a value?",[14,50558,50559],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[31,50561,1909],{"id":1908},[157,50563,50564,50570,50574,50579,50584],{},[160,50565,50566],{},[364,50567,3569,50568,3502],{"href":2294},[18,50569,2297],{},[160,50571,50572],{},[364,50573,44779],{"href":48960},[160,50575,50576],{},[364,50577,50578],{"href":2955},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[160,50580,50581],{},[364,50582,50583],{"href":48963},"What is a data type in Python?",[160,50585,50586],{},[364,50587,50506,50588],{"href":50505},[18,50589,50509],{},[1936,50591,50592],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":50594},[50595,50596,50598,50601,50605,50606,50611,50617,50625,50626,50636],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":48899,"depth":96,"text":50597},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153,"children":50599},[50600],{"id":48991,"depth":121,"text":48992},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464,"children":50602},[50603,50604],{"id":49079,"depth":121,"text":49080},{"id":49150,"depth":121,"text":49151},{"id":49237,"depth":96,"text":49238},{"id":49434,"depth":96,"text":50607,"children":50608},"isinstance() vs type()",[50609,50610],{"id":49450,"depth":121,"text":49453},{"id":49492,"depth":121,"text":49495},{"id":49553,"depth":96,"text":49554,"children":50612},[50613,50614,50615,50616],{"id":49562,"depth":121,"text":49563},{"id":49744,"depth":121,"text":49745},{"id":49871,"depth":121,"text":49872},{"id":49949,"depth":121,"text":49950},{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":50618},[50619,50621,50622,50624],{"id":50039,"depth":121,"text":50620},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50122,"depth":121,"text":50123},{"id":50207,"depth":121,"text":50623},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50291,"depth":121,"text":50292},{"id":25924,"depth":96,"text":25925},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":50627},[50628,50630,50632,50634],{"id":50514,"depth":121,"text":50629},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50526,"depth":121,"text":50631},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50538,"depth":121,"text":50633},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50553,"depth":121,"text":50635},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48800,"description":50637},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50643,"title":50644,"body":50645,"description":52617,"extension":1958,"meta":52618,"navigation":241,"path":52619,"seo":52620,"stem":52621,"__hash__":52622},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50646,"toc":52592},[50647,50650,50655,50660,50674,50677,50679,50754,50759,50763,50768,50771,50785,50787,50952,50965,50967,50969,50984,50987,50990,51003,51005,51103,51107,51113,51116,51125,51127,51162,51167,51188,51193,51198,51230,51233,51290,51294,51300,51303,51356,51358,51398,51401,51469,51472,51523,51530,51534,51540,51625,51631,51637,51686,51689,51692,51742,51744,51749,51753,51803,51807,51854,51858,51935,51939,52004,52007,52011,52016,52021,52033,52035,52054,52060,52063,52082,52087,52114,52121,52125,52131,52134,52229,52232,52235,52284,52289,52291,52295,52330,52333,52390,52400,52403,52437,52440,52442,52446,52449,52453,52456,52460,52463,52467,52480,52484,52489,52491,52541,52553,52555,52589],[10,50648,50644],{"id":50649},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50651,9108,50652,50654],{},[18,50653,42342],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50656,35387,50657,50659],{},[18,50658,42342],{}," to count:",[157,50661,50662,50665,50668,50671],{},[160,50663,50664],{},"characters in a string",[160,50666,50667],{},"items in a list or tuple",[160,50669,50670],{},"keys in a dictionary",[160,50672,50673],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50675,50676],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[31,50678,34],{"id":33},[36,50680,50682],{"className":38,"code":50681,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[18,50683,50684,50696,50716,50720,50737],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50685,50686,50688,50690,50692,50694],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50687,34669],{"class":51},[45,50689,56],{"class":55},[45,50691,76],{"class":63},[45,50693,3839],{"class":67},[45,50695,1194],{"class":63},[45,50697,50698,50700,50702,50704,50706,50708,50710,50712,50714],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,50699,52],{"class":51},[45,50701,56],{"class":55},[45,50703,60],{"class":59},[45,50705,585],{"class":202},[45,50707,73],{"class":59},[45,50709,590],{"class":202},[45,50711,73],{"class":59},[45,50713,595],{"class":202},[45,50715,93],{"class":59},[45,50717,50718],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50719,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,50721,50722,50724,50726,50728,50730,50732,50734],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,50723,125],{"class":124},[45,50725,109],{"class":59},[45,50727,11150],{"class":124},[45,50729,109],{"class":59},[45,50731,34690],{"class":105},[45,50733,5353],{"class":59},[45,50735,50736],{"class":137},"   # 5\n",[45,50738,50739,50741,50743,50745,50747,50749,50751],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,50740,125],{"class":124},[45,50742,109],{"class":59},[45,50744,11150],{"class":124},[45,50746,109],{"class":59},[45,50748,99],{"class":105},[45,50750,5353],{"class":59},[45,50752,50753],{"class":137},"  # 3\n",[14,50755,141,50756,50758],{},[18,50757,42342],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[31,50760,50762],{"id":50761},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,50764,50765,50767],{},[18,50766,42342],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,50769,50770],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[157,50772,50773,50776,50779,50782],{},[160,50774,50775],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[160,50777,50778],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[160,50780,50781],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[160,50783,50784],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50786,345],{},[36,50788,50790],{"className":38,"code":50789,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[18,50791,50792,50804,50828,50860,50880,50884,50901,50918,50935],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50793,50794,50796,50798,50800,50802],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50795,7862],{"class":51},[45,50797,56],{"class":55},[45,50799,76],{"class":63},[45,50801,7665],{"class":67},[45,50803,1194],{"class":63},[45,50805,50806,50808,50810,50812,50814,50816,50818,50820,50822,50824,50826],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,50807,195],{"class":51},[45,50809,56],{"class":55},[45,50811,60],{"class":59},[45,50813,585],{"class":202},[45,50815,73],{"class":59},[45,50817,590],{"class":202},[45,50819,73],{"class":59},[45,50821,595],{"class":202},[45,50823,73],{"class":59},[45,50825,600],{"class":202},[45,50827,93],{"class":59},[45,50829,50830,50832,50834,50836,50838,50840,50842,50844,50846,50848,50850,50852,50854,50856,50858],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50831,9151],{"class":51},[45,50833,56],{"class":55},[45,50835,10477],{"class":59},[45,50837,64],{"class":63},[45,50839,364],{"class":67},[45,50841,64],{"class":63},[45,50843,1111],{"class":59},[45,50845,5488],{"class":202},[45,50847,73],{"class":59},[45,50849,76],{"class":63},[45,50851,373],{"class":67},[45,50853,64],{"class":63},[45,50855,1111],{"class":59},[45,50857,208],{"class":202},[45,50859,9295],{"class":59},[45,50861,50862,50864,50866,50868,50870,50872,50874,50876,50878],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,50863,3816],{"class":51},[45,50865,56],{"class":55},[45,50867,10477],{"class":59},[45,50869,2131],{"class":202},[45,50871,73],{"class":59},[45,50873,37624],{"class":202},[45,50875,73],{"class":59},[45,50877,5980],{"class":202},[45,50879,9295],{"class":59},[45,50881,50882],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,50883,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,50885,50886,50888,50890,50892,50894,50896,50898],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,50887,125],{"class":124},[45,50889,109],{"class":59},[45,50891,11150],{"class":124},[45,50893,109],{"class":59},[45,50895,7656],{"class":105},[45,50897,5353],{"class":59},[45,50899,50900],{"class":137},"     # 3\n",[45,50902,50903,50905,50907,50909,50911,50913,50915],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,50904,125],{"class":124},[45,50906,109],{"class":59},[45,50908,11150],{"class":124},[45,50910,109],{"class":59},[45,50912,251],{"class":105},[45,50914,5353],{"class":59},[45,50916,50917],{"class":137},"  # 4\n",[45,50919,50920,50922,50924,50926,50928,50930,50932],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,50921,125],{"class":124},[45,50923,109],{"class":59},[45,50925,11150],{"class":124},[45,50927,109],{"class":59},[45,50929,9190],{"class":105},[45,50931,5353],{"class":59},[45,50933,50934],{"class":137},"     # 2\n",[45,50936,50937,50939,50941,50943,50945,50947,50949],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,50938,125],{"class":124},[45,50940,109],{"class":59},[45,50942,11150],{"class":124},[45,50944,109],{"class":59},[45,50946,5350],{"class":105},[45,50948,5353],{"class":59},[45,50950,50951],{"class":137},"   # 3\n",[14,50953,50954,50955,2185,50959,17058,50963,102],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[364,50956,50958],{"href":50957},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[364,50960,50962],{"href":50961},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[364,50964,9141],{"href":9140},[31,50966,2153],{"id":2152},[14,50968,2156],{},[36,50970,50972],{"className":38,"code":50971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"len(object)\n",[18,50973,50974],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50975,50976,50978,50980,50982],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50977,11150],{"class":124},[45,50979,109],{"class":59},[45,50981,42380],{"class":315},[45,50983,118],{"class":59},[14,50985,50986],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,50988,50989],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[157,50991,50992,50994,50996,50998,51000],{},[160,50993,37888],{},[160,50995,37882],{},[160,50997,37885],{},[160,50999,37891],{},[160,51001,51002],{},"a dictionary",[14,51004,345],{},[36,51006,51008],{"className":38,"code":51007,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[18,51009,51010,51031,51055,51077],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51011,51012,51014,51016,51018,51020,51022,51024,51026,51028],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51013,125],{"class":124},[45,51015,109],{"class":59},[45,51017,11150],{"class":124},[45,51019,109],{"class":59},[45,51021,64],{"class":63},[45,51023,40],{"class":67},[45,51025,64],{"class":63},[45,51027,5353],{"class":59},[45,51029,51030],{"class":137},"      # 6\n",[45,51032,51033,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043,51045,51047,51049,51051,51053],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,51034,125],{"class":124},[45,51036,109],{"class":59},[45,51038,11150],{"class":124},[45,51040,2979],{"class":59},[45,51042,203],{"class":202},[45,51044,73],{"class":59},[45,51046,208],{"class":202},[45,51048,73],{"class":59},[45,51050,213],{"class":202},[45,51052,4726],{"class":59},[45,51054,50900],{"class":137},[45,51056,51057,51059,51061,51063,51065,51067,51069,51071,51074],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51058,125],{"class":124},[45,51060,109],{"class":59},[45,51062,11150],{"class":124},[45,51064,5501],{"class":59},[45,51066,585],{"class":202},[45,51068,73],{"class":59},[45,51070,590],{"class":202},[45,51072,51073],{"class":59},")))",[45,51075,51076],{"class":137},"      # 2\n",[45,51078,51079,51081,51083,51085,51087,51089,51091,51093,51095,51097,51100],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,51080,125],{"class":124},[45,51082,109],{"class":59},[45,51084,11150],{"class":124},[45,51086,5520],{"class":59},[45,51088,64],{"class":63},[45,51090,1123],{"class":67},[45,51092,64],{"class":63},[45,51094,1111],{"class":59},[45,51096,5488],{"class":202},[45,51098,51099],{"class":59},"}))",[45,51101,51102],{"class":137},"      # 1\n",[31,51104,51106],{"id":51105},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,51108,51109,51110,51112],{},"When you use ",[18,51111,42342],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,51114,51115],{},"That includes:",[157,51117,51118,51120,51122],{},[160,51119,391],{},[160,51121,10438],{},[160,51123,51124],{},"punctuation",[14,51126,345],{},[36,51128,51130],{"className":38,"code":51129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[18,51131,51132,51145],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51133,51134,51136,51138,51140,51143],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51135,34669],{"class":51},[45,51137,56],{"class":55},[45,51139,76],{"class":63},[45,51141,51142],{"class":67},"Hi there!",[45,51144,1194],{"class":63},[45,51146,51147,51149,51151,51153,51155,51157,51159],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,51148,125],{"class":124},[45,51150,109],{"class":59},[45,51152,11150],{"class":124},[45,51154,109],{"class":59},[45,51156,34690],{"class":105},[45,51158,5353],{"class":59},[45,51160,51161],{"class":137},"  # 9\n",[14,51163,51164,51165,2485],{},"Why is the result ",[18,51166,2139],{},[157,51168,51169,51175,51179,51182],{},[160,51170,51171,51174],{},[18,51172,51173],{},"H"," = 1",[160,51176,51177,51174],{},[18,51178,36134],{},[160,51180,51181],{},"space = 1",[160,51183,51184,51187],{},[18,51185,51186],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,51189,51190,51191],{},"Total: ",[18,51192,2139],{},[14,51194,51195,51196,1111],{},"An empty string has length ",[18,51197,2114],{},[36,51199,51201],{"className":38,"code":51200,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[18,51202,51203,51212],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51204,51205,51208,51210],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51206,51207],{"class":51},"empty_text ",[45,51209,56],{"class":55},[45,51211,7867],{"class":63},[45,51213,51214,51216,51218,51220,51222,51225,51227],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,51215,125],{"class":124},[45,51217,109],{"class":59},[45,51219,11150],{"class":124},[45,51221,109],{"class":59},[45,51223,51224],{"class":105},"empty_text",[45,51226,5353],{"class":59},[45,51228,51229],{"class":137},"  # 0\n",[14,51231,51232],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[36,51234,51236],{"className":38,"code":51235,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[18,51237,51238,51251,51255,51275],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51239,51240,51243,51245,51247,51249],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51241,51242],{"class":51},"user_name ",[45,51244,56],{"class":55},[45,51246,76],{"class":63},[45,51248,4995],{"class":67},[45,51250,1194],{"class":63},[45,51252,51253],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,51254,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,51256,51257,51259,51261,51263,51266,51268,51271,51273],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51258,982],{"class":969},[45,51260,38367],{"class":124},[45,51262,109],{"class":59},[45,51264,51265],{"class":105},"user_name",[45,51267,3654],{"class":59},[45,51269,51270],{"class":55}," >=",[45,51272,213],{"class":202},[45,51274,1213],{"class":59},[45,51276,51277,51279,51281,51283,51286,51288],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,51278,8055],{"class":124},[45,51280,109],{"class":59},[45,51282,64],{"class":63},[45,51284,51285],{"class":67},"Name is long enough",[45,51287,64],{"class":63},[45,51289,118],{"class":59},[31,51291,51293],{"id":51292},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51295,51296,51297,51299],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[18,51298,42342],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51301,51302],{},"Example with a list:",[36,51304,51306],{"className":38,"code":51305,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[18,51307,51308,51340],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51309,51310,51312,51314,51316,51318,51320,51322,51324,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336,51338],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51311,461],{"class":51},[45,51313,56],{"class":55},[45,51315,60],{"class":59},[45,51317,64],{"class":63},[45,51319,470],{"class":67},[45,51321,64],{"class":63},[45,51323,73],{"class":59},[45,51325,76],{"class":63},[45,51327,488],{"class":67},[45,51329,64],{"class":63},[45,51331,73],{"class":59},[45,51333,76],{"class":63},[45,51335,479],{"class":67},[45,51337,64],{"class":63},[45,51339,93],{"class":59},[45,51341,51342,51344,51346,51348,51350,51352,51354],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,51343,125],{"class":124},[45,51345,109],{"class":59},[45,51347,11150],{"class":124},[45,51349,109],{"class":59},[45,51351,497],{"class":105},[45,51353,5353],{"class":59},[45,51355,50753],{"class":137},[14,51357,37897],{},[36,51359,51361],{"className":38,"code":51360,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[18,51362,51363,51380],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51364,51365,51368,51370,51372,51374,51376,51378],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51366,51367],{"class":51},"point ",[45,51369,56],{"class":55},[45,51371,9222],{"class":59},[45,51373,585],{"class":202},[45,51375,73],{"class":59},[45,51377,590],{"class":202},[45,51379,118],{"class":59},[45,51381,51382,51384,51386,51388,51390,51393,51395],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,51383,125],{"class":124},[45,51385,109],{"class":59},[45,51387,11150],{"class":124},[45,51389,109],{"class":59},[45,51391,51392],{"class":105},"point",[45,51394,5353],{"class":59},[45,51396,51397],{"class":137},"  # 2\n",[14,51399,51400],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[36,51402,51404],{"className":38,"code":51403,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[18,51405,51406,51430,51434,51452],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51407,51408,51410,51412,51414,51416,51418,51420,51422,51424,51426,51428],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51409,52],{"class":51},[45,51411,56],{"class":55},[45,51413,60],{"class":59},[45,51415,64],{"class":63},[45,51417,68],{"class":67},[45,51419,64],{"class":63},[45,51421,73],{"class":59},[45,51423,76],{"class":63},[45,51425,79],{"class":67},[45,51427,64],{"class":63},[45,51429,93],{"class":59},[45,51431,51432],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,51433,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,51435,51436,51438,51440,51442,51444,51446,51448,51450],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51437,982],{"class":969},[45,51439,38367],{"class":124},[45,51441,109],{"class":59},[45,51443,99],{"class":105},[45,51445,3654],{"class":59},[45,51447,38377],{"class":55},[45,51449,5488],{"class":202},[45,51451,1213],{"class":59},[45,51453,51454,51456,51458,51460,51462,51464,51466],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,51455,8055],{"class":124},[45,51457,109],{"class":59},[45,51459,99],{"class":105},[45,51461,278],{"class":59},[45,51463,203],{"class":202},[45,51465,20432],{"class":59},[45,51467,51468],{"class":137},"  # banana\n",[14,51470,51471],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[36,51473,51475],{"className":38,"code":51474,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[18,51476,51477,51500],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51478,51479,51481,51483,51485,51488,51490,51493,51495,51498],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51480,578],{"class":51},[45,51482,56],{"class":55},[45,51484,60],{"class":59},[45,51486,51487],{"class":202},"88",[45,51489,73],{"class":59},[45,51491,51492],{"class":202}," 91",[45,51494,73],{"class":59},[45,51496,51497],{"class":202}," 75",[45,51499,93],{"class":59},[45,51501,51502,51504,51506,51508,51511,51513,51515,51517,51519,51521],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,51503,125],{"class":124},[45,51505,109],{"class":59},[45,51507,64],{"class":63},[45,51509,51510],{"class":67},"Number of scores:",[45,51512,64],{"class":63},[45,51514,73],{"class":59},[45,51516,38367],{"class":124},[45,51518,109],{"class":59},[45,51520,607],{"class":105},[45,51522,1802],{"class":59},[14,51524,51525,51526,102],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[364,51527,51529],{"href":51528},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[31,51531,51533],{"id":51532},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51535,51536,51537,51539],{},"For dictionaries, ",[18,51538,42342],{}," counts keys.",[36,51541,51543],{"className":38,"code":51542,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[18,51544,51545,51553,51571,51585,51601,51605,51609],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51546,51547,51549,51551],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51548,12850],{"class":51},[45,51550,56],{"class":55},[45,51552,11482],{"class":59},[45,51554,51555,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565,51567,51569],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,51556,11487],{"class":63},[45,51558,7656],{"class":67},[45,51560,64],{"class":63},[45,51562,1111],{"class":59},[45,51564,76],{"class":63},[45,51566,7907],{"class":67},[45,51568,64],{"class":63},[45,51570,11503],{"class":59},[45,51572,51573,51575,51577,51579,51581,51583],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51574,11487],{"class":63},[45,51576,9285],{"class":67},[45,51578,64],{"class":63},[45,51580,1111],{"class":59},[45,51582,30924],{"class":202},[45,51584,11503],{"class":59},[45,51586,51587,51589,51591,51593,51595,51597,51599],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,51588,11487],{"class":63},[45,51590,19877],{"class":67},[45,51592,64],{"class":63},[45,51594,1111],{"class":59},[45,51596,76],{"class":63},[45,51598,22229],{"class":67},[45,51600,1194],{"class":63},[45,51602,51603],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,51604,9295],{"class":59},[45,51606,51607],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,51608,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,51610,51611,51613,51615,51617,51619,51621,51623],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,51612,125],{"class":124},[45,51614,109],{"class":59},[45,51616,11150],{"class":124},[45,51618,109],{"class":59},[45,51620,13611],{"class":105},[45,51622,5353],{"class":59},[45,51624,50753],{"class":137},[14,51626,51627,51628,51630],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[18,51629,42342],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51632,51633,51634,51636],{},"For sets, ",[18,51635,42342],{}," counts unique items:",[36,51638,51640],{"className":38,"code":51639,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[18,51641,51642,51670],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51643,51644,51646,51648,51650,51652,51654,51656,51658,51660,51662,51664,51666,51668],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51645,195],{"class":51},[45,51647,56],{"class":55},[45,51649,10477],{"class":59},[45,51651,203],{"class":202},[45,51653,73],{"class":59},[45,51655,208],{"class":202},[45,51657,73],{"class":59},[45,51659,213],{"class":202},[45,51661,73],{"class":59},[45,51663,213],{"class":202},[45,51665,73],{"class":59},[45,51667,208],{"class":202},[45,51669,9295],{"class":59},[45,51671,51672,51674,51676,51678,51680,51682,51684],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,51673,125],{"class":124},[45,51675,109],{"class":59},[45,51677,11150],{"class":124},[45,51679,109],{"class":59},[45,51681,251],{"class":105},[45,51683,5353],{"class":59},[45,51685,50753],{"class":137},[14,51687,51688],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51690,51691],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[36,51693,51695],{"className":38,"code":51694,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,51696,51697,51705,51709,51727],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51698,51699,51701,51703],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51700,9151],{"class":51},[45,51702,56],{"class":55},[45,51704,9824],{"class":59},[45,51706,51707],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,51708,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,51710,51711,51713,51715,51717,51719,51721,51723,51725],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51712,982],{"class":969},[45,51714,38367],{"class":124},[45,51716,109],{"class":59},[45,51718,9190],{"class":105},[45,51720,3654],{"class":59},[45,51722,6395],{"class":55},[45,51724,3827],{"class":202},[45,51726,1213],{"class":59},[45,51728,51729,51731,51733,51735,51738,51740],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,51730,8055],{"class":124},[45,51732,109],{"class":59},[45,51734,64],{"class":63},[45,51736,51737],{"class":67},"The dictionary is empty",[45,51739,64],{"class":63},[45,51741,118],{"class":59},[31,51743,41027],{"id":41026},[14,51745,51746,51747,102],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[18,51748,42342],{},[1864,51750,51752],{"id":51751},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[36,51754,51756],{"className":38,"code":51755,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,51757,51758,51766,51770,51788],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51759,51760,51762,51764],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51761,52],{"class":51},[45,51763,56],{"class":55},[45,51765,7824],{"class":59},[45,51767,51768],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,51769,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,51771,51772,51774,51776,51778,51780,51782,51784,51786],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51773,982],{"class":969},[45,51775,38367],{"class":124},[45,51777,109],{"class":59},[45,51779,99],{"class":105},[45,51781,3654],{"class":59},[45,51783,6395],{"class":55},[45,51785,3827],{"class":202},[45,51787,1213],{"class":59},[45,51789,51790,51792,51794,51796,51799,51801],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,51791,8055],{"class":124},[45,51793,109],{"class":59},[45,51795,64],{"class":63},[45,51797,51798],{"class":67},"The list is empty",[45,51800,64],{"class":63},[45,51802,118],{"class":59},[1864,51804,51806],{"id":51805},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[36,51808,51810],{"className":38,"code":51809,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[18,51811,51812,51831],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51813,51814,51816,51818,51820,51822,51824,51827,51829],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51815,6141],{"class":51},[45,51817,56],{"class":55},[45,51819,8228],{"class":124},[45,51821,109],{"class":59},[45,51823,64],{"class":63},[45,51825,51826],{"class":67},"Enter a word: ",[45,51828,64],{"class":63},[45,51830,118],{"class":59},[45,51832,51833,51835,51837,51839,51842,51844,51846,51848,51850,51852],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,51834,125],{"class":124},[45,51836,109],{"class":59},[45,51838,64],{"class":63},[45,51840,51841],{"class":67},"Number of characters:",[45,51843,64],{"class":63},[45,51845,73],{"class":59},[45,51847,38367],{"class":124},[45,51849,109],{"class":59},[45,51851,38372],{"class":105},[45,51853,1802],{"class":59},[1864,51855,51857],{"id":51856},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[36,51859,51861],{"className":38,"code":51860,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[18,51862,51863,51877,51881,51899,51914,51920],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51864,51865,51868,51870,51872,51875],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51866,51867],{"class":51},"password ",[45,51869,56],{"class":55},[45,51871,76],{"class":63},[45,51873,51874],{"class":67},"secret123",[45,51876,1194],{"class":63},[45,51878,51879],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,51880,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,51882,51883,51885,51887,51889,51891,51893,51895,51897],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51884,982],{"class":969},[45,51886,38367],{"class":124},[45,51888,109],{"class":59},[45,51890,17606],{"class":105},[45,51892,3654],{"class":59},[45,51894,51270],{"class":55},[45,51896,6347],{"class":202},[45,51898,1213],{"class":59},[45,51900,51901,51903,51905,51907,51910,51912],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,51902,8055],{"class":124},[45,51904,109],{"class":59},[45,51906,64],{"class":63},[45,51908,51909],{"class":67},"Password length is valid",[45,51911,64],{"class":63},[45,51913,118],{"class":59},[45,51915,51916,51918],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,51917,27415],{"class":969},[45,51919,1213],{"class":59},[45,51921,51922,51924,51926,51928,51931,51933],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,51923,8055],{"class":124},[45,51925,109],{"class":59},[45,51927,64],{"class":63},[45,51929,51930],{"class":67},"Password is too short",[45,51932,64],{"class":63},[45,51934,118],{"class":59},[1864,51936,51938],{"id":51937},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[36,51940,51942],{"className":38,"code":51941,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[18,51943,51944,51980],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51945,51946,51949,51951,51953,51955,51958,51960,51962,51964,51967,51969,51971,51973,51976,51978],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51947,51948],{"class":51},"results ",[45,51950,56],{"class":55},[45,51952,60],{"class":59},[45,51954,64],{"class":63},[45,51956,51957],{"class":67},"item1",[45,51959,64],{"class":63},[45,51961,73],{"class":59},[45,51963,76],{"class":63},[45,51965,51966],{"class":67},"item2",[45,51968,64],{"class":63},[45,51970,73],{"class":59},[45,51972,76],{"class":63},[45,51974,51975],{"class":67},"item3",[45,51977,64],{"class":63},[45,51979,93],{"class":59},[45,51981,51982,51984,51986,51988,51991,51993,51995,51997,51999,52002],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,51983,125],{"class":124},[45,51985,109],{"class":59},[45,51987,64],{"class":63},[45,51989,51990],{"class":67},"Items found:",[45,51992,64],{"class":63},[45,51994,73],{"class":59},[45,51996,38367],{"class":124},[45,51998,109],{"class":59},[45,52000,52001],{"class":105},"results",[45,52003,1802],{"class":59},[14,52005,52006],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[31,52008,52010],{"id":52009},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,52012,52013,52015],{},[18,52014,42342],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,52017,52018,52019,1111],{},"These will raise a ",[18,52020,2998],{},[157,52022,52023,52026,52029],{},[160,52024,52025],{},"plain integers",[160,52027,52028],{},"floats",[160,52030,52031],{},[18,52032,301],{},[14,52034,345],{},[36,52036,52038],{"className":38,"code":52037,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(len(5))\n",[18,52039,52040],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52041,52042,52044,52046,52048,52050,52052],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52043,125],{"class":124},[45,52045,109],{"class":59},[45,52047,11150],{"class":124},[45,52049,109],{"class":59},[45,52051,2131],{"class":202},[45,52053,1802],{"class":59},[14,52055,52056,52057,52059],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[18,52058,2131],{}," does not have a length.",[14,52061,52062],{},"Another example:",[36,52064,52066],{"className":38,"code":52065,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(len(3.14))\n",[18,52067,52068],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52069,52070,52072,52074,52076,52078,52080],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52071,125],{"class":124},[45,52073,109],{"class":59},[45,52075,11150],{"class":124},[45,52077,109],{"class":59},[45,52079,40125],{"class":202},[45,52081,1802],{"class":59},[14,52083,52084,52085,1111],{},"And with ",[18,52086,301],{},[36,52088,52090],{"className":38,"code":52089,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,52091,52092,52100],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52093,52094,52096,52098],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52095,1185],{"class":51},[45,52097,56],{"class":55},[45,52099,48509],{"class":291},[45,52101,52102,52104,52106,52108,52110,52112],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,52103,125],{"class":124},[45,52105,109],{"class":59},[45,52107,11150],{"class":124},[45,52109,109],{"class":59},[45,52111,28],{"class":105},[45,52113,1802],{"class":59},[14,52115,52116,52117,102],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[364,52118,52120],{"href":52119},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[31,52122,52124],{"id":52123},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,52126,52127,52128,52130],{},"Before using ",[18,52129,42342],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,52132,52133],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[36,52135,52137],{"className":38,"code":52136,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[18,52138,52139,52147,52151,52161,52175,52193,52211],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52140,52141,52143,52145],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52142,1185],{"class":51},[45,52144,56],{"class":55},[45,52146,48509],{"class":291},[45,52148,52149],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,52150,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,52152,52153,52155,52157,52159],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52154,125],{"class":124},[45,52156,109],{"class":59},[45,52158,28],{"class":105},[45,52160,118],{"class":59},[45,52162,52163,52165,52167,52169,52171,52173],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,52164,125],{"class":124},[45,52166,109],{"class":59},[45,52168,1811],{"class":315},[45,52170,109],{"class":59},[45,52172,28],{"class":105},[45,52174,1802],{"class":59},[45,52176,52177,52179,52181,52183,52185,52187,52189,52191],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,52178,125],{"class":124},[45,52180,109],{"class":59},[45,52182,48857],{"class":124},[45,52184,109],{"class":59},[45,52186,28],{"class":105},[45,52188,73],{"class":59},[45,52190,48886],{"class":315},[45,52192,1802],{"class":59},[45,52194,52195,52197,52199,52201,52203,52205,52207,52209],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,52196,125],{"class":124},[45,52198,109],{"class":59},[45,52200,48857],{"class":124},[45,52202,109],{"class":59},[45,52204,28],{"class":105},[45,52206,73],{"class":59},[45,52208,1114],{"class":315},[45,52210,1802],{"class":59},[45,52212,52213,52215,52217,52219,52221,52223,52225,52227],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,52214,125],{"class":124},[45,52216,109],{"class":59},[45,52218,48857],{"class":124},[45,52220,109],{"class":59},[45,52222,28],{"class":105},[45,52224,73],{"class":59},[45,52226,9156],{"class":315},[45,52228,1802],{"class":59},[14,52230,52231],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52233,52234],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[36,52236,52238],{"className":38,"code":52237,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[18,52239,52240,52252,52256,52270],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52241,52242,52244,52246,52248,52250],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52243,1185],{"class":51},[45,52245,56],{"class":55},[45,52247,76],{"class":63},[45,52249,3839],{"class":67},[45,52251,1194],{"class":63},[45,52253,52254],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,52255,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,52257,52258,52260,52262,52264,52266,52268],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52259,982],{"class":969},[45,52261,1205],{"class":51},[45,52263,12182],{"class":55},[45,52265,8085],{"class":55},[45,52267,3846],{"class":291},[45,52269,1213],{"class":59},[45,52271,52272,52274,52276,52278,52280,52282],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,52273,8055],{"class":124},[45,52275,109],{"class":59},[45,52277,11150],{"class":124},[45,52279,109],{"class":59},[45,52281,28],{"class":105},[45,52283,1802],{"class":59},[14,52285,52286,52287,102],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[364,52288,8426],{"href":2294},[31,52290,1709],{"id":1708},[14,52292,23077,52293,1111],{},[18,52294,42342],{},[157,52296,52297,52305,52313,52321,52327],{},[160,52298,1736,52299,52301,52302],{},[18,52300,42342],{}," on an integer like ",[18,52303,52304],{},"len(5)",[160,52306,1736,52307,52309,52310],{},[18,52308,42342],{}," on a float like ",[18,52311,52312],{},"len(3.14)",[160,52314,1736,52315,52317,52318,52320],{},[18,52316,42342],{}," on ",[18,52319,301],{}," after a function returns nothing",[160,52322,4570,52323,52326],{},[18,52324,52325],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[160,52328,52329],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52331,52332],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[36,52334,52336],{"className":38,"code":52335,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[18,52337,52338,52374],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52339,52340,52342,52344,52346,52348,52350,52352,52354,52356,52358,52360,52362,52364,52366,52368,52370,52372],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52341,13189],{"class":51},[45,52343,56],{"class":55},[45,52345,10477],{"class":59},[45,52347,64],{"class":63},[45,52349,7656],{"class":67},[45,52351,64],{"class":63},[45,52353,1111],{"class":59},[45,52355,76],{"class":63},[45,52357,12867],{"class":67},[45,52359,64],{"class":63},[45,52361,73],{"class":59},[45,52363,76],{"class":63},[45,52365,9285],{"class":67},[45,52367,64],{"class":63},[45,52369,1111],{"class":59},[45,52371,590],{"class":202},[45,52373,9295],{"class":59},[45,52375,52376,52378,52380,52382,52384,52386,52388],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,52377,125],{"class":124},[45,52379,109],{"class":59},[45,52381,11150],{"class":124},[45,52383,109],{"class":59},[45,52385,17293],{"class":105},[45,52387,5353],{"class":59},[45,52389,51397],{"class":137},[14,52391,37575,52392,52394,52395,1301,52397,102],{},[18,52393,234],{}," because there are two keys: ",[18,52396,15226],{},[18,52398,52399],{},"\"age\"",[14,52401,52402],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[36,52404,52406],{"className":38,"code":52405,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[18,52407,52408,52421],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52409,52410,52412,52414,52416,52419],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52411,34669],{"class":51},[45,52413,56],{"class":55},[45,52415,76],{"class":63},[45,52417,52418],{"class":67},"a b",[45,52420,1194],{"class":63},[45,52422,52423,52425,52427,52429,52431,52433,52435],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,52424,125],{"class":124},[45,52426,109],{"class":59},[45,52428,11150],{"class":124},[45,52430,109],{"class":59},[45,52432,34690],{"class":105},[45,52434,5353],{"class":59},[45,52436,50753],{"class":137},[14,52438,52439],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[31,52441,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,52443,52445],{"id":52444},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52447,52448],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1864,52450,52452],{"id":52451},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52454,52455],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1864,52457,52459],{"id":52458},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52461,52462],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1864,52464,52466],{"id":52465},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52468,52469,52470,52472,52473,1742,52475,52477,52478,102],{},"No. Using ",[18,52471,42342],{}," on an ",[18,52474,2184],{},[18,52476,2188],{}," raises a ",[18,52479,2998],{},[1864,52481,52483],{"id":52482},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52485,7751,52486,102],{},[18,52487,52488],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52490,345],{},[36,52492,52494],{"className":38,"code":52493,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[18,52495,52496,52504,52508,52526],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52497,52498,52500,52502],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52499,8294],{"class":51},[45,52501,56],{"class":55},[45,52503,7824],{"class":59},[45,52505,52506],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,52507,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,52509,52510,52512,52514,52516,52518,52520,52522,52524],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52511,982],{"class":969},[45,52513,38367],{"class":124},[45,52515,109],{"class":59},[45,52517,1765],{"class":105},[45,52519,3654],{"class":59},[45,52521,6395],{"class":55},[45,52523,3827],{"class":202},[45,52525,1213],{"class":59},[45,52527,52528,52530,52532,52534,52537,52539],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,52529,8055],{"class":124},[45,52531,109],{"class":59},[45,52533,64],{"class":63},[45,52535,52536],{"class":67},"Empty list",[45,52538,64],{"class":63},[45,52540,118],{"class":59},[14,52542,52543,52544,52546,52547,52549,52550,52552],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[18,52545,3667],{}," in an ",[18,52548,982],{}," statement, but ",[18,52551,42342],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[31,52554,1909],{"id":1908},[157,52556,52557,52561,52565,52569,52574,52578,52584],{},[160,52558,52559],{},[364,52560,50958],{"href":50957},[160,52562,52563],{},[364,52564,50962],{"href":50961},[160,52566,52567],{},[364,52568,9141],{"href":9140},[160,52570,52571],{},[364,52572,52573],{"href":51528},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[160,52575,52576],{},[364,52577,8426],{"href":2294},[160,52579,52580],{},[364,52581,52583],{"href":52582},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[160,52585,52586],{},[364,52587,52588],{"href":52119},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1936,52590,52591],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":52593},[52594,52595,52596,52597,52598,52599,52600,52606,52607,52608,52609,52616],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":50761,"depth":96,"text":50762},{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":51105,"depth":96,"text":51106},{"id":51292,"depth":96,"text":51293},{"id":51532,"depth":96,"text":51533},{"id":41026,"depth":96,"text":41027,"children":52601},[52602,52603,52604,52605],{"id":51751,"depth":121,"text":51752},{"id":51805,"depth":121,"text":51806},{"id":51856,"depth":121,"text":51857},{"id":51937,"depth":121,"text":51938},{"id":52009,"depth":96,"text":52010},{"id":52123,"depth":96,"text":52124},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":52610},[52611,52612,52613,52614,52615],{"id":52444,"depth":121,"text":52445},{"id":52451,"depth":121,"text":52452},{"id":52458,"depth":121,"text":52459},{"id":52465,"depth":121,"text":52466},{"id":52482,"depth":121,"text":52483},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50644,"description":52617},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52624,"title":52625,"body":52626,"description":54311,"extension":1958,"meta":54312,"navigation":241,"path":54313,"seo":54314,"stem":54315,"__hash__":54316},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52627,"toc":54284},[52628,52631,52645,52651,52653,52707,52712,52716,52732,52735,52749,52755,52757,52760,52779,52795,52797,52873,52875,52912,52923,52925,52928,52989,52991,53024,53027,53033,53037,53040,53165,53167,53226,53234,53287,53289,53316,53322,53332,53336,53339,53344,53396,53398,53424,53430,53484,53486,53511,53514,53538,53544,53546,53550,53552,53609,53611,53619,53621,53643,53645,53698,53700,53724,53728,53730,53769,53771,53779,53785,53789,53841,53843,53869,53877,53881,53886,53895,53897,53963,53965,53997,54001,54006,54008,54022,54025,54098,54100,54126,54128,54132,54139,54143,54150,54154,54157,54159,54212,54214,54240,54244,54253,54255,54281],[10,52629,52625],{"id":52630},"python-list-append-method",[14,52632,16,52633,52636,52637,52640,52641,52644],{},[18,52634,52635],{},"append()"," method adds ",[26,52638,52639],{},"one item"," to the ",[26,52642,52643],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52646,52647,52648,52650],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[26,52649,178],{}," create a new list.",[31,52652,3603],{"id":3602},[36,52654,52656],{"className":38,"code":52655,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,52657,52658,52678,52692,52702],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52659,52660,52662,52664,52666,52668,52670,52672,52674,52676],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52661,195],{"class":51},[45,52663,56],{"class":55},[45,52665,60],{"class":59},[45,52667,203],{"class":202},[45,52669,73],{"class":59},[45,52671,208],{"class":202},[45,52673,73],{"class":59},[45,52675,213],{"class":202},[45,52677,93],{"class":59},[45,52679,52680,52682,52684,52686,52688,52690],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,52681,251],{"class":51},[45,52683,102],{"class":59},[45,52685,13538],{"class":105},[45,52687,109],{"class":59},[45,52689,2498],{"class":202},[45,52691,118],{"class":59},[45,52693,52694,52696,52698,52700],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52695,125],{"class":124},[45,52697,109],{"class":59},[45,52699,251],{"class":105},[45,52701,118],{"class":59},[45,52703,52704],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,52705,52706],{"class":137},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52708,141,52709,52711],{},[18,52710,52635],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[31,52713,52715],{"id":52714},"what-append-does","What append() does",[157,52717,52718,52723,52726,52729],{},[160,52719,52720,52722],{},[18,52721,52635],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[160,52724,52725],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[160,52727,52728],{},"It does not create a new list",[160,52730,52731],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52733,52734],{},"This means you can append:",[157,52736,52737,52739,52741,52743,52745,52747],{},[160,52738,251],{},[160,52740,5300],{},[160,52742,40576],{},[160,52744,5291],{},[160,52746,7238],{},[160,52748,34643],{},[14,52750,52751,52752,102],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[364,52753,52754],{"href":50961},"Python lists explained for beginners",[31,52756,305],{"id":304},[14,52758,52759],{},"Basic form:",[36,52761,52763],{"className":38,"code":52762,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.append(item)\n",[18,52764,52765],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52766,52767,52769,52771,52773,52775,52777],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52768,1765],{"class":51},[45,52770,102],{"class":59},[45,52772,13538],{"class":105},[45,52774,109],{"class":59},[45,52776,23293],{"class":105},[45,52778,118],{"class":59},[157,52780,52781,52786,52791],{},[160,52782,52783,52785],{},[18,52784,1765],{}," is the list you want to change",[160,52787,52788,52790],{},[18,52789,23293],{}," is the value or object to add",[160,52792,11899,52793],{},[18,52794,301],{},[14,52796,345],{},[36,52798,52800],{"className":38,"code":52799,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[18,52801,52802,52826,52849,52853,52863],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52803,52804,52806,52808,52810,52812,52814,52816,52818,52820,52822,52824],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52805,36219],{"class":51},[45,52807,56],{"class":55},[45,52809,60],{"class":59},[45,52811,64],{"class":63},[45,52813,68],{"class":67},[45,52815,64],{"class":63},[45,52817,73],{"class":59},[45,52819,76],{"class":63},[45,52821,79],{"class":67},[45,52823,64],{"class":63},[45,52825,93],{"class":59},[45,52827,52828,52830,52832,52835,52837,52839,52841,52843,52845,52847],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,52829,220],{"class":51},[45,52831,56],{"class":55},[45,52833,52834],{"class":51}," fruits",[45,52836,102],{"class":59},[45,52838,13538],{"class":105},[45,52840,109],{"class":59},[45,52842,64],{"class":63},[45,52844,88],{"class":67},[45,52846,64],{"class":63},[45,52848,118],{"class":59},[45,52850,52851],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52852,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,52854,52855,52857,52859,52861],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,52856,125],{"class":124},[45,52858,109],{"class":59},[45,52860,36271],{"class":105},[45,52862,118],{"class":59},[45,52864,52865,52867,52869,52871],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,52866,125],{"class":124},[45,52868,109],{"class":59},[45,52870,263],{"class":105},[45,52872,118],{"class":59},[14,52874,268],{},[36,52876,52878],{"className":38,"code":52877,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[18,52879,52880,52908],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52881,52882,52884,52886,52888,52890,52892,52894,52896,52898,52900,52902,52904,52906],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52883,278],{"class":59},[45,52885,429],{"class":63},[45,52887,68],{"class":67},[45,52889,429],{"class":63},[45,52891,73],{"class":59},[45,52893,438],{"class":63},[45,52895,79],{"class":67},[45,52897,429],{"class":63},[45,52899,73],{"class":59},[45,52901,438],{"class":63},[45,52903,88],{"class":67},[45,52905,429],{"class":63},[45,52907,93],{"class":59},[45,52909,52910],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,52911,292],{"class":291},[14,52913,52914,52915,52917,52918,52920,52921,102],{},"The important detail is that ",[18,52916,52635],{}," updates ",[18,52919,36271],{},", but the method itself returns ",[18,52922,301],{},[31,52924,11464],{"id":11463},[14,52926,52927],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[36,52929,52931],{"className":38,"code":52930,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,52932,52933,52957,52975,52979],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52934,52935,52937,52939,52941,52943,52945,52947,52949,52951,52953,52955],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52936,461],{"class":51},[45,52938,56],{"class":55},[45,52940,60],{"class":59},[45,52942,64],{"class":63},[45,52944,470],{"class":67},[45,52946,64],{"class":63},[45,52948,73],{"class":59},[45,52950,76],{"class":63},[45,52952,479],{"class":67},[45,52954,64],{"class":63},[45,52956,93],{"class":59},[45,52958,52959,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971,52973],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,52960,497],{"class":51},[45,52962,102],{"class":59},[45,52964,13538],{"class":105},[45,52966,109],{"class":59},[45,52968,64],{"class":63},[45,52970,488],{"class":67},[45,52972,64],{"class":63},[45,52974,118],{"class":59},[45,52976,52977],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52978,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,52980,52981,52983,52985,52987],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,52982,125],{"class":124},[45,52984,109],{"class":59},[45,52986,497],{"class":105},[45,52988,118],{"class":59},[14,52990,268],{},[36,52992,52994],{"className":38,"code":52993,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,52995,52996],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52997,52998,53000,53002,53004,53006,53008,53010,53012,53014,53016,53018,53020,53022],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52999,278],{"class":59},[45,53001,429],{"class":63},[45,53003,470],{"class":67},[45,53005,429],{"class":63},[45,53007,73],{"class":59},[45,53009,438],{"class":63},[45,53011,479],{"class":67},[45,53013,429],{"class":63},[45,53015,73],{"class":59},[45,53017,438],{"class":63},[45,53019,488],{"class":67},[45,53021,429],{"class":63},[45,53023,93],{"class":59},[14,53025,53026],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,53028,31064,53029,102],{},[364,53030,53032],{"href":53031},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[31,53034,53036],{"id":53035},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,53038,53039],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[36,53041,53043],{"className":38,"code":53042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53044,53045,53053,53057,53071,53089,53103,53129,53151,53155],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53046,53047,53049,53051],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53048,52],{"class":51},[45,53050,56],{"class":55},[45,53052,7824],{"class":59},[45,53054,53055],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,53056,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,53058,53059,53061,53063,53065,53067,53069],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53060,99],{"class":51},[45,53062,102],{"class":59},[45,53064,13538],{"class":105},[45,53066,109],{"class":59},[45,53068,585],{"class":202},[45,53070,118],{"class":59},[45,53072,53073,53075,53077,53079,53081,53083,53085,53087],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,53074,99],{"class":51},[45,53076,102],{"class":59},[45,53078,13538],{"class":105},[45,53080,109],{"class":59},[45,53082,64],{"class":63},[45,53084,3839],{"class":67},[45,53086,64],{"class":63},[45,53088,118],{"class":59},[45,53090,53091,53093,53095,53097,53099,53101],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,53092,99],{"class":51},[45,53094,102],{"class":59},[45,53096,13538],{"class":105},[45,53098,109],{"class":59},[45,53100,3598],{"class":291},[45,53102,118],{"class":59},[45,53104,53105,53107,53109,53111,53113,53115,53117,53119,53121,53123,53125,53127],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,53106,99],{"class":51},[45,53108,102],{"class":59},[45,53110,13538],{"class":105},[45,53112,5520],{"class":59},[45,53114,64],{"class":63},[45,53116,7656],{"class":67},[45,53118,64],{"class":63},[45,53120,1111],{"class":59},[45,53122,76],{"class":63},[45,53124,7665],{"class":67},[45,53126,64],{"class":63},[45,53128,30477],{"class":59},[45,53130,53131,53133,53135,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147,53149],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,53132,99],{"class":51},[45,53134,102],{"class":59},[45,53136,13538],{"class":105},[45,53138,2979],{"class":59},[45,53140,203],{"class":202},[45,53142,73],{"class":59},[45,53144,208],{"class":202},[45,53146,73],{"class":59},[45,53148,213],{"class":202},[45,53150,3880],{"class":59},[45,53152,53153],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,53154,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,53156,53157,53159,53161,53163],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,53158,125],{"class":124},[45,53160,109],{"class":59},[45,53162,99],{"class":105},[45,53164,118],{"class":59},[14,53166,268],{},[36,53168,53170],{"className":38,"code":53169,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,53171,53172],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53173,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184,53186,53188,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202,53204,53206,53208,53211,53213,53215,53217,53219,53221,53223],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53175,278],{"class":59},[45,53177,585],{"class":202},[45,53179,73],{"class":59},[45,53181,438],{"class":63},[45,53183,3839],{"class":67},[45,53185,429],{"class":63},[45,53187,73],{"class":59},[45,53189,3907],{"class":291},[45,53191,73],{"class":59},[45,53193,10477],{"class":59},[45,53195,429],{"class":63},[45,53197,7656],{"class":67},[45,53199,429],{"class":63},[45,53201,1111],{"class":59},[45,53203,438],{"class":63},[45,53205,7665],{"class":67},[45,53207,429],{"class":63},[45,53209,53210],{"class":59},"},",[45,53212,60],{"class":59},[45,53214,203],{"class":202},[45,53216,73],{"class":59},[45,53218,208],{"class":202},[45,53220,73],{"class":59},[45,53222,213],{"class":202},[45,53224,53225],{"class":59},"]]\n",[14,53227,53228,53229,42136,53231,102],{},"A list added with ",[18,53230,52635],{},[26,53232,53233],{},"one single item",[36,53235,53237],{"className":38,"code":53236,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53238,53239,53255,53273,53277],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53240,53241,53243,53245,53247,53249,53251,53253],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53242,195],{"class":51},[45,53244,56],{"class":55},[45,53246,60],{"class":59},[45,53248,203],{"class":202},[45,53250,73],{"class":59},[45,53252,208],{"class":202},[45,53254,93],{"class":59},[45,53256,53257,53259,53261,53263,53265,53267,53269,53271],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,53258,251],{"class":51},[45,53260,102],{"class":59},[45,53262,13538],{"class":105},[45,53264,2979],{"class":59},[45,53266,2056],{"class":202},[45,53268,73],{"class":59},[45,53270,2450],{"class":202},[45,53272,3880],{"class":59},[45,53274,53275],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53276,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,53278,53279,53281,53283,53285],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,53280,125],{"class":124},[45,53282,109],{"class":59},[45,53284,251],{"class":105},[45,53286,118],{"class":59},[14,53288,268],{},[36,53290,53292],{"className":38,"code":53291,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,53293,53294],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53295,53296,53298,53300,53302,53304,53306,53308,53310,53312,53314],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53297,278],{"class":59},[45,53299,203],{"class":202},[45,53301,73],{"class":59},[45,53303,208],{"class":202},[45,53305,73],{"class":59},[45,53307,60],{"class":59},[45,53309,2056],{"class":202},[45,53311,73],{"class":59},[45,53313,2450],{"class":202},[45,53315,53225],{"class":59},[14,53317,2281,53318,53321],{},[18,53319,53320],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53323,53324,53325,53331],{},"This is different from ",[364,53326,53328],{"href":53327},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[18,53329,53330],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[31,53333,53335],{"id":53334},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53337,53338],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1864,53340,1736,53342],{"id":53341},"using-append",[18,53343,52635],{},[36,53345,53346],{"className":38,"code":53236,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,53347,53348,53364,53382,53386],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53349,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53351,195],{"class":51},[45,53353,56],{"class":55},[45,53355,60],{"class":59},[45,53357,203],{"class":202},[45,53359,73],{"class":59},[45,53361,208],{"class":202},[45,53363,93],{"class":59},[45,53365,53366,53368,53370,53372,53374,53376,53378,53380],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,53367,251],{"class":51},[45,53369,102],{"class":59},[45,53371,13538],{"class":105},[45,53373,2979],{"class":59},[45,53375,2056],{"class":202},[45,53377,73],{"class":59},[45,53379,2450],{"class":202},[45,53381,3880],{"class":59},[45,53383,53384],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53385,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,53387,53388,53390,53392,53394],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,53389,125],{"class":124},[45,53391,109],{"class":59},[45,53393,251],{"class":105},[45,53395,118],{"class":59},[14,53397,268],{},[36,53399,53400],{"className":38,"code":53291,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,53401,53402],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53403,53404,53406,53408,53410,53412,53414,53416,53418,53420,53422],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53405,278],{"class":59},[45,53407,203],{"class":202},[45,53409,73],{"class":59},[45,53411,208],{"class":202},[45,53413,73],{"class":59},[45,53415,60],{"class":59},[45,53417,2056],{"class":202},[45,53419,73],{"class":59},[45,53421,2450],{"class":202},[45,53423,53225],{"class":59},[1864,53425,1736,53427],{"id":53426},"using-extend",[18,53428,53429],{},"extend()",[36,53431,53433],{"className":38,"code":53432,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53434,53435,53451,53470,53474],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53436,53437,53439,53441,53443,53445,53447,53449],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53438,195],{"class":51},[45,53440,56],{"class":55},[45,53442,60],{"class":59},[45,53444,203],{"class":202},[45,53446,73],{"class":59},[45,53448,208],{"class":202},[45,53450,93],{"class":59},[45,53452,53453,53455,53457,53460,53462,53464,53466,53468],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,53454,251],{"class":51},[45,53456,102],{"class":59},[45,53458,53459],{"class":105},"extend",[45,53461,2979],{"class":59},[45,53463,2056],{"class":202},[45,53465,73],{"class":59},[45,53467,2450],{"class":202},[45,53469,3880],{"class":59},[45,53471,53472],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53473,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,53475,53476,53478,53480,53482],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,53477,125],{"class":124},[45,53479,109],{"class":59},[45,53481,251],{"class":105},[45,53483,118],{"class":59},[14,53485,268],{},[36,53487,53489],{"className":38,"code":53488,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,53490,53491],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53492,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501,53503,53505,53507,53509],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53494,278],{"class":59},[45,53496,203],{"class":202},[45,53498,73],{"class":59},[45,53500,208],{"class":202},[45,53502,73],{"class":59},[45,53504,213],{"class":202},[45,53506,73],{"class":59},[45,53508,2450],{"class":202},[45,53510,93],{"class":59},[14,53512,53513],{},"The difference:",[157,53515,53516,53522,53528,53533],{},[160,53517,53518,53521],{},[18,53519,53520],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[160,53523,53524,53527],{},[18,53525,53526],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[160,53529,141,53530,53532],{},[18,53531,52635],{}," for one item",[160,53534,141,53535,53537],{},[18,53536,53429],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53539,53540,53541,102],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[364,53542,53543],{"href":53327},"Python list extend() method",[31,53545,4509],{"id":4508},[1864,53547,53549],{"id":53548},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53551,25673],{},[36,53553,53555],{"className":38,"code":53554,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53556,53557,53577,53595,53599],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53558,53559,53561,53563,53565,53567,53569,53571,53573,53575],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53560,52],{"class":51},[45,53562,56],{"class":55},[45,53564,60],{"class":59},[45,53566,203],{"class":202},[45,53568,73],{"class":59},[45,53570,208],{"class":202},[45,53572,73],{"class":59},[45,53574,213],{"class":202},[45,53576,93],{"class":59},[45,53578,53579,53581,53583,53585,53587,53589,53591,53593],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,53580,52],{"class":51},[45,53582,56],{"class":55},[45,53584,1210],{"class":51},[45,53586,102],{"class":59},[45,53588,13538],{"class":105},[45,53590,109],{"class":59},[45,53592,2498],{"class":202},[45,53594,118],{"class":59},[45,53596,53597],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53598,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,53600,53601,53603,53605,53607],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,53602,125],{"class":124},[45,53604,109],{"class":59},[45,53606,99],{"class":105},[45,53608,118],{"class":59},[14,53610,268],{},[36,53612,53613],{"className":38,"code":292,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,53614,53615],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53616,53617],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53618,292],{"class":291},[14,53620,11888],{},[157,53622,53623,53628,53634],{},[160,53624,53625,53627],{},[18,53626,52635],{}," changes the list in place",[160,53629,53630,1326,53632],{},[18,53631,52635],{},[18,53633,301],{},[160,53635,53636,53637,53640,53641],{},"So ",[18,53638,53639],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[18,53642,301],{},[14,53644,10795],{},[36,53646,53648],{"className":38,"code":53647,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53649,53650,53670,53684,53688],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53651,53652,53654,53656,53658,53660,53662,53664,53666,53668],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53653,52],{"class":51},[45,53655,56],{"class":55},[45,53657,60],{"class":59},[45,53659,203],{"class":202},[45,53661,73],{"class":59},[45,53663,208],{"class":202},[45,53665,73],{"class":59},[45,53667,213],{"class":202},[45,53669,93],{"class":59},[45,53671,53672,53674,53676,53678,53680,53682],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,53673,99],{"class":51},[45,53675,102],{"class":59},[45,53677,13538],{"class":105},[45,53679,109],{"class":59},[45,53681,2498],{"class":202},[45,53683,118],{"class":59},[45,53685,53686],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53687,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,53689,53690,53692,53694,53696],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,53691,125],{"class":124},[45,53693,109],{"class":59},[45,53695,99],{"class":105},[45,53697,118],{"class":59},[14,53699,268],{},[36,53701,53702],{"className":38,"code":53488,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,53703,53704],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53705,53706,53708,53710,53712,53714,53716,53718,53720,53722],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53707,278],{"class":59},[45,53709,203],{"class":202},[45,53711,73],{"class":59},[45,53713,208],{"class":202},[45,53715,73],{"class":59},[45,53717,213],{"class":202},[45,53719,73],{"class":59},[45,53721,2450],{"class":202},[45,53723,93],{"class":59},[1864,53725,53727],{"id":53726},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53729,18899],{},[36,53731,53733],{"className":38,"code":53732,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,53734,53735,53759],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53736,53737,53739,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749,53751,53753,53755,53757],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53738,31864],{"class":51},[45,53740,56],{"class":55},[45,53742,60],{"class":59},[45,53744,203],{"class":202},[45,53746,73],{"class":59},[45,53748,208],{"class":202},[45,53750,13535],{"class":59},[45,53752,13538],{"class":105},[45,53754,109],{"class":59},[45,53756,2056],{"class":202},[45,53758,118],{"class":59},[45,53760,53761,53763,53765,53767],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,53762,125],{"class":124},[45,53764,109],{"class":59},[45,53766,31883],{"class":105},[45,53768,118],{"class":59},[14,53770,268],{},[36,53772,53773],{"className":38,"code":292,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,53774,53775],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53776,53777],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53778,292],{"class":291},[14,53780,53781,53782,53784],{},"Remember: ",[18,53783,52635],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1864,53786,53788],{"id":53787},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[36,53790,53791],{"className":38,"code":53236,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,53792,53793,53809,53827,53831],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53794,53795,53797,53799,53801,53803,53805,53807],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53796,195],{"class":51},[45,53798,56],{"class":55},[45,53800,60],{"class":59},[45,53802,203],{"class":202},[45,53804,73],{"class":59},[45,53806,208],{"class":202},[45,53808,93],{"class":59},[45,53810,53811,53813,53815,53817,53819,53821,53823,53825],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,53812,251],{"class":51},[45,53814,102],{"class":59},[45,53816,13538],{"class":105},[45,53818,2979],{"class":59},[45,53820,2056],{"class":202},[45,53822,73],{"class":59},[45,53824,2450],{"class":202},[45,53826,3880],{"class":59},[45,53828,53829],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53830,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,53832,53833,53835,53837,53839],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,53834,125],{"class":124},[45,53836,109],{"class":59},[45,53838,251],{"class":105},[45,53840,118],{"class":59},[14,53842,268],{},[36,53844,53845],{"className":38,"code":53291,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,53846,53847],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53848,53849,53851,53853,53855,53857,53859,53861,53863,53865,53867],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53850,278],{"class":59},[45,53852,203],{"class":202},[45,53854,73],{"class":59},[45,53856,208],{"class":202},[45,53858,73],{"class":59},[45,53860,60],{"class":59},[45,53862,2056],{"class":202},[45,53864,73],{"class":59},[45,53866,2450],{"class":202},[45,53868,53225],{"class":59},[14,53870,3163,53871,53874,53875,6618],{},[18,53872,53873],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[18,53876,53429],{},[1864,53878,53880],{"id":53879},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,53882,53883,53885],{},[18,53884,52635],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,53887,53888,53889,102],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[364,53890,53892],{"href":53891},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[18,53893,53894],{},"list.insert()",[14,53896,345],{},[36,53898,53900],{"className":38,"code":53899,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,53901,53902,53926,53949,53953],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53903,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912,53914,53916,53918,53920,53922,53924],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53905,355],{"class":51},[45,53907,56],{"class":55},[45,53909,60],{"class":59},[45,53911,64],{"class":63},[45,53913,364],{"class":67},[45,53915,64],{"class":63},[45,53917,73],{"class":59},[45,53919,76],{"class":63},[45,53921,382],{"class":67},[45,53923,64],{"class":63},[45,53925,93],{"class":59},[45,53927,53928,53930,53932,53935,53937,53939,53941,53943,53945,53947],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,53929,391],{"class":51},[45,53931,102],{"class":59},[45,53933,53934],{"class":105},"insert",[45,53936,109],{"class":59},[45,53938,203],{"class":202},[45,53940,73],{"class":59},[45,53942,76],{"class":63},[45,53944,373],{"class":67},[45,53946,64],{"class":63},[45,53948,118],{"class":59},[45,53950,53951],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53952,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,53954,53955,53957,53959,53961],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,53956,125],{"class":124},[45,53958,109],{"class":59},[45,53960,391],{"class":105},[45,53962,118],{"class":59},[14,53964,268],{},[36,53966,53967],{"className":38,"code":42857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,53968,53969],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53970,53971,53973,53975,53977,53979,53981,53983,53985,53987,53989,53991,53993,53995],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53972,278],{"class":59},[45,53974,429],{"class":63},[45,53976,364],{"class":67},[45,53978,429],{"class":63},[45,53980,73],{"class":59},[45,53982,438],{"class":63},[45,53984,373],{"class":67},[45,53986,429],{"class":63},[45,53988,73],{"class":59},[45,53990,438],{"class":63},[45,53992,382],{"class":67},[45,53994,429],{"class":63},[45,53996,93],{"class":59},[31,53998,54000],{"id":53999},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,54002,54003,54005],{},[18,54004,52635],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,54007,36406],{},[157,54009,54010,54013,54016,54019],{},[160,54011,54012],{},"building a list in a loop",[160,54014,54015],{},"collecting user input",[160,54017,54018],{},"storing results step by step",[160,54020,54021],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,54023,54024],{},"Example with a loop:",[36,54026,54028],{"className":38,"code":54027,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[18,54029,54030,54039,54043,54064,54083,54087],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54031,54032,54035,54037],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54033,54034],{"class":51},"squares ",[45,54036,56],{"class":55},[45,54038,7824],{"class":59},[45,54040,54041],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,54042,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,54044,54045,54047,54049,54051,54054,54056,54058,54060,54062],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54046,970],{"class":969},[45,54048,6374],{"class":51},[45,54050,976],{"class":969},[45,54052,54053],{"class":124}," range",[45,54055,109],{"class":59},[45,54057,203],{"class":202},[45,54059,73],{"class":59},[45,54061,4596],{"class":202},[45,54063,8327],{"class":59},[45,54065,54066,54069,54071,54073,54075,54077,54079,54081],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,54067,54068],{"class":51},"    squares",[45,54070,102],{"class":59},[45,54072,13538],{"class":105},[45,54074,109],{"class":59},[45,54076,2213],{"class":105},[45,54078,39854],{"class":55},[45,54080,2193],{"class":105},[45,54082,118],{"class":59},[45,54084,54085],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,54086,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,54088,54089,54091,54093,54096],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,54090,125],{"class":124},[45,54092,109],{"class":59},[45,54094,54095],{"class":105},"squares",[45,54097,118],{"class":59},[14,54099,268],{},[36,54101,54103],{"className":38,"code":54102,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[18,54104,54105],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54106,54107,54109,54111,54113,54115,54117,54120,54122,54124],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54108,278],{"class":59},[45,54110,203],{"class":202},[45,54112,73],{"class":59},[45,54114,2450],{"class":202},[45,54116,73],{"class":59},[45,54118,54119],{"class":202}," 9",[45,54121,73],{"class":59},[45,54123,13973],{"class":202},[45,54125,93],{"class":59},[31,54127,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,54129,54131],{"id":54130},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,54133,46346,54134,54136,54137,102],{},[18,54135,52635],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[18,54138,301],{},[1864,54140,54142],{"id":54141},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,54144,54145,54146,102],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[364,54147,54148],{"href":53327},[18,54149,53429],{},[1864,54151,54153],{"id":54152},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,54155,54156],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,54158,345],{},[36,54160,54162],{"className":38,"code":54161,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,54163,54164,54180,54198,54202],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54165,54166,54168,54170,54172,54174,54176,54178],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54167,9151],{"class":51},[45,54169,56],{"class":55},[45,54171,60],{"class":59},[45,54173,203],{"class":202},[45,54175,73],{"class":59},[45,54177,208],{"class":202},[45,54179,93],{"class":59},[45,54181,54182,54184,54186,54188,54190,54192,54194,54196],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,54183,9190],{"class":51},[45,54185,102],{"class":59},[45,54187,13538],{"class":105},[45,54189,2979],{"class":59},[45,54191,2056],{"class":202},[45,54193,73],{"class":59},[45,54195,2450],{"class":202},[45,54197,3880],{"class":59},[45,54199,54200],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54201,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,54203,54204,54206,54208,54210],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,54205,125],{"class":124},[45,54207,109],{"class":59},[45,54209,9190],{"class":105},[45,54211,118],{"class":59},[14,54213,268],{},[36,54215,54216],{"className":38,"code":53291,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,54217,54218],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54219,54220,54222,54224,54226,54228,54230,54232,54234,54236,54238],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54221,278],{"class":59},[45,54223,203],{"class":202},[45,54225,73],{"class":59},[45,54227,208],{"class":202},[45,54229,73],{"class":59},[45,54231,60],{"class":59},[45,54233,2056],{"class":202},[45,54235,73],{"class":59},[45,54237,2450],{"class":202},[45,54239,53225],{"class":59},[1864,54241,54243],{"id":54242},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54245,54246,54248,54249,54252],{},[18,54247,52635],{}," adds at the end. ",[18,54250,54251],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[31,54254,1909],{"id":1908},[157,54256,54257,54262,54266,54271,54275],{},[160,54258,54259],{},[364,54260,54261],{"href":53031},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[160,54263,54264],{},[364,54265,53543],{"href":53327},[160,54267,54268],{},[364,54269,54270],{"href":53891},"Python list insert() method",[160,54272,54273],{},[364,54274,52754],{"href":50961},[160,54276,54277],{},[364,54278,54280],{"href":54279},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1936,54282,54283],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":54285},[54286,54287,54288,54289,54290,54291,54297,54303,54304,54310],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":52714,"depth":96,"text":52715},{"id":304,"depth":96,"text":305},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":53035,"depth":96,"text":53036},{"id":53334,"depth":96,"text":53335,"children":54292},[54293,54295],{"id":53341,"depth":121,"text":54294},"Using append()",{"id":53426,"depth":121,"text":54296},"Using extend()",{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":54298},[54299,54300,54301,54302],{"id":53548,"depth":121,"text":53549},{"id":53726,"depth":121,"text":53727},{"id":53787,"depth":121,"text":53788},{"id":53879,"depth":121,"text":53880},{"id":53999,"depth":96,"text":54000},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":54305},[54306,54307,54308,54309],{"id":54130,"depth":121,"text":54131},{"id":54141,"depth":121,"text":54142},{"id":54152,"depth":121,"text":54153},{"id":54242,"depth":121,"text":54243},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52625,"description":54311},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54318,"title":54319,"body":54320,"description":55558,"extension":1958,"meta":55559,"navigation":241,"path":55560,"seo":55561,"stem":55562,"__hash__":55563},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54321,"toc":55523},[54322,54328,54334,54340,54342,54390,54395,54400,54404,54420,54426,54428,54431,54446,54448,54459,54461,54463,54520,54522,54530,54532,54548,54554,54556,54562,54566,54650,54653,54702,54709,54717,54720,54734,54747,54753,54828,54835,54842,54916,54924,54927,54938,54947,54951,54955,54966,54968,55045,55062,55064,55074,55077,55125,55127,55148,55151,55153,55204,55210,55217,55284,55290,55296,55299,55326,55331,55337,55340,55412,55415,55426,55432,55434,55440,55443,55449,55455,55462,55470,55476,55482,55484,55520],[10,54323,54325,54326,11311],{"id":54324},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[18,54327,11310],{},[14,54329,54330,54333],{},[18,54331,54332],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54335,54336,54337,54339],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[26,54338,172],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[31,54341,3603],{"id":3602},[36,54343,54345],{"className":38,"code":54344,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,54346,54347,54367,54377],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54348,54349,54351,54353,54355,54357,54359,54361,54363,54365],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54350,52],{"class":51},[45,54352,56],{"class":55},[45,54354,60],{"class":59},[45,54356,203],{"class":202},[45,54358,73],{"class":59},[45,54360,208],{"class":202},[45,54362,73],{"class":59},[45,54364,213],{"class":202},[45,54366,93],{"class":59},[45,54368,54369,54371,54373,54375],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,54370,99],{"class":51},[45,54372,102],{"class":59},[45,54374,11371],{"class":105},[45,54376,8627],{"class":59},[45,54378,54379,54381,54383,54385,54387],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54380,125],{"class":124},[45,54382,109],{"class":59},[45,54384,99],{"class":105},[45,54386,3654],{"class":59},[45,54388,54389],{"class":137},"  # []\n",[14,54391,141,54392,54394],{},[18,54393,11310],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[31,54396,3671,54398,3674],{"id":54397},"what-listclear-does",[18,54399,54332],{},[14,54401,54402,1111],{},[18,54403,54332],{},[157,54405,54406,54409,54412,54417],{},[160,54407,54408],{},"Removes every item from a list",[160,54410,54411],{},"Changes the original list in place",[160,54413,54414,54415],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[18,54416,3780],{},[160,54418,54419],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54421,54422,54423,54425],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[18,54424,11310],{},", but it contains no values.",[31,54427,2153],{"id":2152},[14,54429,54430],{},"Syntax:",[36,54432,54434],{"className":38,"code":54433,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.clear()\n",[18,54435,54436],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54437,54438,54440,54442,54444],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54439,1765],{"class":51},[45,54441,102],{"class":59},[45,54443,11371],{"class":105},[45,54445,8627],{"class":59},[14,54447,11447],{},[157,54449,54450,54453,54456],{},[160,54451,54452],{},"Call it on a list object",[160,54454,54455],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[160,54457,54458],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[31,54460,11464],{"id":11463},[14,54462,11467],{},[36,54464,54466],{"className":38,"code":54465,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,54467,54468,54492,54496,54506,54510],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54469,54470,54472,54474,54476,54478,54480,54482,54484,54486,54488,54490],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54471,195],{"class":51},[45,54473,56],{"class":55},[45,54475,60],{"class":59},[45,54477,585],{"class":202},[45,54479,73],{"class":59},[45,54481,590],{"class":202},[45,54483,73],{"class":59},[45,54485,595],{"class":202},[45,54487,73],{"class":59},[45,54489,600],{"class":202},[45,54491,93],{"class":59},[45,54493,54494],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,54495,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,54497,54498,54500,54502,54504],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54499,251],{"class":51},[45,54501,102],{"class":59},[45,54503,11371],{"class":105},[45,54505,8627],{"class":59},[45,54507,54508],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,54509,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,54511,54512,54514,54516,54518],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,54513,125],{"class":124},[45,54515,109],{"class":59},[45,54517,251],{"class":105},[45,54519,118],{"class":59},[14,54521,268],{},[36,54523,54524],{"className":38,"code":38278,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,54525,54526],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54527,54528],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54529,38278],{"class":59},[14,54531,551],{},[157,54533,54534,54539,54545],{},[160,54535,54536,54538],{},[18,54537,251],{}," starts with four items",[160,54540,54541,54544],{},[18,54542,54543],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[160,54546,54547],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54549,54550,54551,102],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[364,54552,52754],{"href":54553},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[31,54555,17405],{"id":17404},[14,54557,54558,1326,54560,102],{},[18,54559,11310],{},[18,54561,301],{},[14,54563,40887,54564,52650],{},[26,54565,178],{},[36,54567,54569],{"className":38,"code":54568,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[18,54570,54571,54603,54607,54621,54625,54638],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54572,54573,54575,54577,54579,54581,54583,54585,54587,54589,54591,54593,54595,54597,54599,54601],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54574,52],{"class":51},[45,54576,56],{"class":55},[45,54578,60],{"class":59},[45,54580,64],{"class":63},[45,54582,364],{"class":67},[45,54584,64],{"class":63},[45,54586,73],{"class":59},[45,54588,76],{"class":63},[45,54590,373],{"class":67},[45,54592,64],{"class":63},[45,54594,73],{"class":59},[45,54596,76],{"class":63},[45,54598,382],{"class":67},[45,54600,64],{"class":63},[45,54602,93],{"class":59},[45,54604,54605],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,54606,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,54608,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617,54619],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54610,220],{"class":51},[45,54612,56],{"class":55},[45,54614,1210],{"class":51},[45,54616,102],{"class":59},[45,54618,11371],{"class":105},[45,54620,8627],{"class":59},[45,54622,54623],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,54624,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,54626,54627,54629,54631,54633,54635],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,54628,125],{"class":124},[45,54630,109],{"class":59},[45,54632,99],{"class":105},[45,54634,3654],{"class":59},[45,54636,54637],{"class":137},"   # []\n",[45,54639,54640,54642,54644,54646,54648],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,54641,125],{"class":124},[45,54643,109],{"class":59},[45,54645,263],{"class":105},[45,54647,3654],{"class":59},[45,54649,20862],{"class":137},[14,54651,54652],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[36,54654,54656],{"className":38,"code":54655,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[18,54657,54658,54678,54692],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54659,54660,54662,54664,54666,54668,54670,54672,54674,54676],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54661,52],{"class":51},[45,54663,56],{"class":55},[45,54665,60],{"class":59},[45,54667,203],{"class":202},[45,54669,73],{"class":59},[45,54671,208],{"class":202},[45,54673,73],{"class":59},[45,54675,213],{"class":202},[45,54677,93],{"class":59},[45,54679,54680,54682,54684,54686,54688,54690],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,54681,52],{"class":51},[45,54683,56],{"class":55},[45,54685,1210],{"class":51},[45,54687,102],{"class":59},[45,54689,11371],{"class":105},[45,54691,8627],{"class":59},[45,54693,54694,54696,54698,54700],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54695,125],{"class":124},[45,54697,109],{"class":59},[45,54699,99],{"class":105},[45,54701,118],{"class":59},[14,54703,11904,54704,42136,54706,54708],{},[18,54705,99],{},[18,54707,301],{},", not an empty list.",[31,54710,54712,54714,54715],{"id":54711},"clear-vs-assigning",[18,54713,11310],{}," vs assigning ",[18,54716,3780],{},[14,54718,54719],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[36,54721,54722],{"className":38,"code":54433,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,54723,54724],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54725,54726,54728,54730,54732],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54727,1765],{"class":51},[45,54729,102],{"class":59},[45,54731,11371],{"class":105},[45,54733,8627],{"class":59},[36,54735,54737],{"className":38,"code":54736,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = []\n",[18,54738,54739],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54740,54741,54743,54745],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54742,8294],{"class":51},[45,54744,56],{"class":55},[45,54746,7824],{"class":59},[1864,54748,54750,54752],{"id":54749},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[18,54751,11310],{}," empties the same list object",[36,54754,54756],{"className":38,"code":54755,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[18,54757,54758,54778,54786,54790,54800,54804,54816],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54759,54760,54762,54764,54766,54768,54770,54772,54774,54776],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54761,2548],{"class":51},[45,54763,56],{"class":55},[45,54765,60],{"class":59},[45,54767,203],{"class":202},[45,54769,73],{"class":59},[45,54771,208],{"class":202},[45,54773,73],{"class":59},[45,54775,213],{"class":202},[45,54777,93],{"class":59},[45,54779,54780,54782,54784],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,54781,2576],{"class":51},[45,54783,56],{"class":55},[45,54785,36155],{"class":51},[45,54787,54788],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54789,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,54791,54792,54794,54796,54798],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,54793,364],{"class":51},[45,54795,102],{"class":59},[45,54797,11371],{"class":105},[45,54799,8627],{"class":59},[45,54801,54802],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,54803,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,54805,54806,54808,54810,54812,54814],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,54807,125],{"class":124},[45,54809,109],{"class":59},[45,54811,364],{"class":105},[45,54813,3654],{"class":59},[45,54815,54389],{"class":137},[45,54817,54818,54820,54822,54824,54826],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,54819,125],{"class":124},[45,54821,109],{"class":59},[45,54823,373],{"class":105},[45,54825,3654],{"class":59},[45,54827,54389],{"class":137},[14,54829,10577,54830,1301,54832,54834],{},[18,54831,364],{},[18,54833,373],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1864,54836,54838,54841],{"id":54837},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[18,54839,54840],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[36,54843,54845],{"className":38,"code":54844,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,54846,54847,54867,54875,54879,54887,54891,54903],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54848,54849,54851,54853,54855,54857,54859,54861,54863,54865],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54850,2548],{"class":51},[45,54852,56],{"class":55},[45,54854,60],{"class":59},[45,54856,203],{"class":202},[45,54858,73],{"class":59},[45,54860,208],{"class":202},[45,54862,73],{"class":59},[45,54864,213],{"class":202},[45,54866,93],{"class":59},[45,54868,54869,54871,54873],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,54870,2576],{"class":51},[45,54872,56],{"class":55},[45,54874,36155],{"class":51},[45,54876,54877],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54878,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,54880,54881,54883,54885],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,54882,2548],{"class":51},[45,54884,56],{"class":55},[45,54886,7824],{"class":59},[45,54888,54889],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,54890,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,54892,54893,54895,54897,54899,54901],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,54894,125],{"class":124},[45,54896,109],{"class":59},[45,54898,364],{"class":105},[45,54900,3654],{"class":59},[45,54902,54389],{"class":137},[45,54904,54905,54907,54909,54911,54913],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,54906,125],{"class":124},[45,54908,109],{"class":59},[45,54910,373],{"class":105},[45,54912,3654],{"class":59},[45,54914,54915],{"class":137},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,54917,20757,54918,54920,54921,54923],{},[18,54919,364],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[18,54922,373],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,54925,54926],{},"This difference matters when:",[157,54928,54929,54932,54935],{},[160,54930,54931],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[160,54933,54934],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[160,54936,54937],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,54939,54940,54941,102],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[364,54942,54944,54945,10728],{"href":54943},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[18,54946,12763],{},[31,54948,4952,54949],{"id":12426},[18,54950,11310],{},[14,54952,141,54953,6305],{},[18,54954,11310],{},[157,54956,54957,54960,54963],{},[160,54958,54959],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[160,54961,54962],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[160,54964,54965],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,54967,345],{},[36,54969,54971],{"className":38,"code":54970,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[18,54972,54973,55009,55013,55018,55029,55033],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54974,54975,54978,54980,54982,54984,54987,54989,54991,54993,54996,54998,55000,55002,55005,55007],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54976,54977],{"class":51},"shopping_cart ",[45,54979,56],{"class":55},[45,54981,60],{"class":59},[45,54983,64],{"class":63},[45,54985,54986],{"class":67},"milk",[45,54988,64],{"class":63},[45,54990,73],{"class":59},[45,54992,76],{"class":63},[45,54994,54995],{"class":67},"bread",[45,54997,64],{"class":63},[45,54999,73],{"class":59},[45,55001,76],{"class":63},[45,55003,55004],{"class":67},"eggs",[45,55006,64],{"class":63},[45,55008,93],{"class":59},[45,55010,55011],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,55012,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,55014,55015],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55016,55017],{"class":137},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[45,55019,55020,55023,55025,55027],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,55021,55022],{"class":51},"shopping_cart",[45,55024,102],{"class":59},[45,55026,11371],{"class":105},[45,55028,8627],{"class":59},[45,55030,55031],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,55032,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,55034,55035,55037,55039,55041,55043],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,55036,125],{"class":124},[45,55038,109],{"class":59},[45,55040,55022],{"class":105},[45,55042,3654],{"class":59},[45,55044,54389],{"class":137},[14,55046,55047,55048,55050,55051,55056,55057,102],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[364,55049,1705],{"href":1704}," or the ",[364,55052,55054,10728],{"href":55053},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[18,55055,20],{},". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[364,55058,55059,10728],{"href":1564},[18,55060,55061],{},"list.pop()",[31,55063,4509],{"id":4508},[1864,55065,55067,55068,11080,55071],{"id":55066},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[18,55069,55070],{},"my_list.clear",[18,55072,55073],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,55075,55076],{},"This does not call the method.",[36,55078,55080],{"className":38,"code":55079,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[18,55081,55082,55102,55106,55115],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55083,55084,55086,55088,55090,55092,55094,55096,55098,55100],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55085,52],{"class":51},[45,55087,56],{"class":55},[45,55089,60],{"class":59},[45,55091,203],{"class":202},[45,55093,73],{"class":59},[45,55095,208],{"class":202},[45,55097,73],{"class":59},[45,55099,213],{"class":202},[45,55101,93],{"class":59},[45,55103,55104],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,55105,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,55107,55108,55110,55112],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55109,99],{"class":51},[45,55111,102],{"class":59},[45,55113,55114],{"class":1831},"clear\n",[45,55116,55117,55119,55121,55123],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,55118,125],{"class":124},[45,55120,109],{"class":59},[45,55122,99],{"class":105},[45,55124,118],{"class":59},[14,55126,268],{},[36,55128,55130],{"className":38,"code":55129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,55131,55132],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55133,55134,55136,55138,55140,55142,55144,55146],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55135,278],{"class":59},[45,55137,203],{"class":202},[45,55139,73],{"class":59},[45,55141,208],{"class":202},[45,55143,73],{"class":59},[45,55145,213],{"class":202},[45,55147,93],{"class":59},[14,55149,55150],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,55152,10795],{},[36,55154,55156],{"className":38,"code":55155,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,55157,55158,55178,55182,55192],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55159,55160,55162,55164,55166,55168,55170,55172,55174,55176],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55161,52],{"class":51},[45,55163,56],{"class":55},[45,55165,60],{"class":59},[45,55167,203],{"class":202},[45,55169,73],{"class":59},[45,55171,208],{"class":202},[45,55173,73],{"class":59},[45,55175,213],{"class":202},[45,55177,93],{"class":59},[45,55179,55180],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,55181,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,55183,55184,55186,55188,55190],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55185,99],{"class":51},[45,55187,102],{"class":59},[45,55189,11371],{"class":105},[45,55191,8627],{"class":59},[45,55193,55194,55196,55198,55200,55202],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,55195,125],{"class":124},[45,55197,109],{"class":59},[45,55199,99],{"class":105},[45,55201,3654],{"class":59},[45,55203,54389],{"class":137},[1864,55205,1722,55207,55209],{"id":55206},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[18,55208,11310],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55211,55212,1326,55214,55216],{},[18,55213,11310],{},[18,55215,301],{},", not the list.",[36,55218,55220],{"className":38,"code":55219,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[18,55221,55222,55242,55256,55260,55272],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55223,55224,55226,55228,55230,55232,55234,55236,55238,55240],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55225,52],{"class":51},[45,55227,56],{"class":55},[45,55229,60],{"class":59},[45,55231,203],{"class":202},[45,55233,73],{"class":59},[45,55235,208],{"class":202},[45,55237,73],{"class":59},[45,55239,213],{"class":202},[45,55241,93],{"class":59},[45,55243,55244,55246,55248,55250,55252,55254],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,55245,220],{"class":51},[45,55247,56],{"class":55},[45,55249,1210],{"class":51},[45,55251,102],{"class":59},[45,55253,11371],{"class":105},[45,55255,8627],{"class":59},[45,55257,55258],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55259,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,55261,55262,55264,55266,55268,55270],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,55263,125],{"class":124},[45,55265,109],{"class":59},[45,55267,263],{"class":105},[45,55269,3654],{"class":59},[45,55271,20862],{"class":137},[45,55273,55274,55276,55278,55280,55282],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,55275,125],{"class":124},[45,55277,109],{"class":59},[45,55279,99],{"class":105},[45,55281,3654],{"class":59},[45,55283,54637],{"class":137},[1864,55285,1736,55287,55289],{"id":55286},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[18,55288,11310],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55291,55292,55293,55295],{},"Some types have a ",[18,55294,11310],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55297,55298],{},"This will fail:",[36,55300,55302],{"className":38,"code":55301,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[18,55303,55304,55316],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55305,55306,55308,55310,55312,55314],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55307,34669],{"class":51},[45,55309,56],{"class":55},[45,55311,76],{"class":63},[45,55313,3839],{"class":67},[45,55315,1194],{"class":63},[45,55317,55318,55320,55322,55324],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,55319,34690],{"class":51},[45,55321,102],{"class":59},[45,55323,11371],{"class":105},[45,55325,8627],{"class":59},[14,55327,55328,55329,33581],{},"A string does not have a ",[18,55330,11310],{},[14,55332,55333,55334,55336],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[18,55335,301],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55338,55339],{},"Useful checks:",[36,55341,55343],{"className":38,"code":55342,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[18,55344,55345,55355,55369,55383,55392,55402],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55346,55347,55349,55351,55353],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55348,125],{"class":124},[45,55350,109],{"class":59},[45,55352,1765],{"class":105},[45,55354,118],{"class":59},[45,55356,55357,55359,55361,55363,55365,55367],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,55358,125],{"class":124},[45,55360,109],{"class":59},[45,55362,1811],{"class":315},[45,55364,109],{"class":59},[45,55366,1765],{"class":105},[45,55368,1802],{"class":59},[45,55370,55371,55373,55375,55377,55379,55381],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55372,125],{"class":124},[45,55374,109],{"class":59},[45,55376,12637],{"class":124},[45,55378,109],{"class":59},[45,55380,1765],{"class":105},[45,55382,1802],{"class":59},[45,55384,55385,55387,55389],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,55386,43531],{"class":51},[45,55388,56],{"class":55},[45,55390,55391],{"class":51}," my_list\n",[45,55393,55394,55396,55398,55400],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,55395,1765],{"class":51},[45,55397,102],{"class":59},[45,55399,11371],{"class":105},[45,55401,8627],{"class":59},[45,55403,55404,55406,55408,55410],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,55405,125],{"class":124},[45,55407,109],{"class":59},[45,55409,30724],{"class":105},[45,55411,118],{"class":59},[14,55413,55414],{},"These can help you see:",[157,55416,55417,55420,55423],{},[160,55418,55419],{},"What the variable currently contains",[160,55421,55422],{},"Whether it is really a list",[160,55424,55425],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55427,55428,55429,102],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[364,55430,55431],{"href":54279},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[31,55433,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,55435,175,55437,55439],{"id":55436},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[18,55438,54332],{}," delete the list?",[14,55441,55442],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1864,55444,175,55446,55448],{"id":55445},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[18,55447,54332],{}," return a new list?",[14,55450,55451,55452,55454],{},"No. It returns ",[18,55453,301],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1864,55456,5170,55458,1301,55460,2485],{"id":55457},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[18,55459,11310],{},[18,55461,54840],{},[14,55463,55464,55466,55467,55469],{},[18,55465,11310],{}," empties the same list object. ",[18,55468,54840],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1864,55471,28310,55473,55475],{"id":55472},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[18,55474,11310],{}," on other types?",[14,55477,55478,55479,55481],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[18,55480,11310],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[31,55483,1909],{"id":1908},[157,55485,55486,55490,55494,55501,55507,55513],{},[160,55487,55488],{},[364,55489,52754],{"href":54553},[160,55491,55492],{},[364,55493,1916],{"href":1704},[160,55495,55496],{},[364,55497,55498,55499,10728],{"href":1564},"Python list ",[18,55500,1304],{},[160,55502,55503],{},[364,55504,55498,55505,10728],{"href":55053},[18,55506,154],{},[160,55508,55509],{},[364,55510,55498,55511,10728],{"href":54943},[18,55512,12763],{},[160,55514,55515],{},[364,55516,30328,55517,33614],{"href":54279},[18,55518,55519],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1936,55521,55522],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":55524},[55525,55526,55528,55529,55530,55531,55538,55539,55547,55557],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":54397,"depth":96,"text":55527},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405},{"id":54711,"depth":96,"text":55532,"children":55533},"clear() vs assigning []",[55534,55536],{"id":54749,"depth":121,"text":55535},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54837,"depth":121,"text":55537},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12426,"depth":96,"text":12795},{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":55540},[55541,55543,55545],{"id":55066,"depth":121,"text":55542},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55206,"depth":121,"text":55544},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55286,"depth":121,"text":55546},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":55548},[55549,55551,55553,55555],{"id":55436,"depth":121,"text":55550},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55445,"depth":121,"text":55552},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55457,"depth":121,"text":55554},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55472,"depth":121,"text":55556},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54319,"description":55558},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55565,"title":55566,"body":55567,"description":57252,"extension":1958,"meta":57253,"navigation":241,"path":57254,"seo":57255,"stem":57256,"__hash__":57257},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55568,"toc":57220},[55569,55574,55580,55588,55590,55679,55686,55691,55695,55709,55711,55788,55790,55851,55854,55856,55858,55879,55882,55896,55899,55944,55946,55954,55957,55963,55969,55972,56049,56051,56096,56099,56104,56187,56189,56230,56235,56239,56245,56247,56255,56258,56351,56353,56411,56414,56430,56435,56445,56450,56452,56457,56462,56465,56467,56524,56527,56580,56586,56591,56595,56612,56614,56698,56700,56741,56749,56751,56756,56762,56764,56827,56832,56902,56906,56941,56944,56946,56985,56989,57065,57071,57077,57082,57104,57107,57126,57134,57136,57142,57145,57152,57160,57165,57168,57172,57178,57186,57189,57191,57217],[10,55570,54325,55572,11311],{"id":55571},"python-list-copy-method",[18,55573,12763],{},[14,55575,55576,55579],{},[18,55577,55578],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55581,55582,55583,14039,55585,55587],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[18,55584,56],{},[26,55586,178],{}," make a real copy.",[31,55589,34],{"id":33},[36,55591,55593],{"className":38,"code":55592,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55594,55595,55615,55630,55634,55649,55653,55666],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55596,55597,55599,55601,55603,55605,55607,55609,55611,55613],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55598,195],{"class":51},[45,55600,56],{"class":55},[45,55602,60],{"class":59},[45,55604,203],{"class":202},[45,55606,73],{"class":59},[45,55608,208],{"class":202},[45,55610,73],{"class":59},[45,55612,213],{"class":202},[45,55614,93],{"class":59},[45,55616,55617,55620,55622,55624,55626,55628],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,55618,55619],{"class":51},"new_numbers ",[45,55621,56],{"class":55},[45,55623,225],{"class":51},[45,55625,102],{"class":59},[45,55627,12898],{"class":105},[45,55629,8627],{"class":59},[45,55631,55632],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55633,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,55635,55636,55639,55641,55643,55645,55647],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,55637,55638],{"class":51},"new_numbers",[45,55640,102],{"class":59},[45,55642,13538],{"class":105},[45,55644,109],{"class":59},[45,55646,2498],{"class":202},[45,55648,118],{"class":59},[45,55650,55651],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,55652,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,55654,55655,55657,55659,55661,55663],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,55656,125],{"class":124},[45,55658,109],{"class":59},[45,55660,251],{"class":105},[45,55662,3654],{"class":59},[45,55664,55665],{"class":137},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[45,55667,55668,55670,55672,55674,55676],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,55669,125],{"class":124},[45,55671,109],{"class":59},[45,55673,55638],{"class":105},[45,55675,3654],{"class":59},[45,55677,55678],{"class":137},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55680,141,55681,55683,55684,102],{},[18,55682,55578],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[26,55685,12837],{},[31,55687,3671,55689,3674],{"id":55688},"what-listcopy-does",[18,55690,55578],{},[14,55692,55693,1111],{},[18,55694,55578],{},[157,55696,55697,55700,55703,55706],{},[160,55698,55699],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[160,55701,55702],{},"Returns that new list",[160,55704,55705],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[160,55707,55708],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55710,345],{},[36,55712,55714],{"className":38,"code":55713,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[18,55715,55716,55748,55763,55767,55777],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55717,55718,55720,55722,55724,55726,55728,55730,55732,55734,55736,55738,55740,55742,55744,55746],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55719,36219],{"class":51},[45,55721,56],{"class":55},[45,55723,60],{"class":59},[45,55725,64],{"class":63},[45,55727,68],{"class":67},[45,55729,64],{"class":63},[45,55731,73],{"class":59},[45,55733,76],{"class":63},[45,55735,79],{"class":67},[45,55737,64],{"class":63},[45,55739,73],{"class":59},[45,55741,76],{"class":63},[45,55743,88],{"class":67},[45,55745,64],{"class":63},[45,55747,93],{"class":59},[45,55749,55750,55753,55755,55757,55759,55761],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,55751,55752],{"class":51},"copied_fruits ",[45,55754,56],{"class":55},[45,55756,52834],{"class":51},[45,55758,102],{"class":59},[45,55760,12898],{"class":105},[45,55762,8627],{"class":59},[45,55764,55765],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55766,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,55768,55769,55771,55773,55775],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,55770,125],{"class":124},[45,55772,109],{"class":59},[45,55774,36271],{"class":105},[45,55776,118],{"class":59},[45,55778,55779,55781,55783,55786],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,55780,125],{"class":124},[45,55782,109],{"class":59},[45,55784,55785],{"class":105},"copied_fruits",[45,55787,118],{"class":59},[14,55789,268],{},[36,55791,55793],{"className":38,"code":55792,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,55794,55795,55823],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55796,55797,55799,55801,55803,55805,55807,55809,55811,55813,55815,55817,55819,55821],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55798,278],{"class":59},[45,55800,429],{"class":63},[45,55802,68],{"class":67},[45,55804,429],{"class":63},[45,55806,73],{"class":59},[45,55808,438],{"class":63},[45,55810,79],{"class":67},[45,55812,429],{"class":63},[45,55814,73],{"class":59},[45,55816,438],{"class":63},[45,55818,88],{"class":67},[45,55820,429],{"class":63},[45,55822,93],{"class":59},[45,55824,55825,55827,55829,55831,55833,55835,55837,55839,55841,55843,55845,55847,55849],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,55826,278],{"class":59},[45,55828,429],{"class":63},[45,55830,68],{"class":67},[45,55832,429],{"class":63},[45,55834,73],{"class":59},[45,55836,438],{"class":63},[45,55838,79],{"class":67},[45,55840,429],{"class":63},[45,55842,73],{"class":59},[45,55844,438],{"class":63},[45,55846,88],{"class":67},[45,55848,429],{"class":63},[45,55850,93],{"class":59},[14,55852,55853],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[31,55855,2153],{"id":2152},[14,55857,2156],{},[36,55859,55861],{"className":38,"code":55860,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[18,55862,55863],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55864,55865,55868,55870,55873,55875,55877],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55866,55867],{"class":51},"new_list ",[45,55869,56],{"class":55},[45,55871,55872],{"class":51}," old_list",[45,55874,102],{"class":59},[45,55876,12898],{"class":105},[45,55878,8627],{"class":59},[14,55880,55881],{},"How it works:",[157,55883,55884,55890,55893],{},[160,55885,55886,55887,55889],{},"Call ",[18,55888,12763],{}," on an existing list",[160,55891,55892],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[160,55894,55895],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,55897,55898],{},"Example with an empty list:",[36,55900,55902],{"className":38,"code":55901,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[18,55903,55904,55913,55929,55933],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55905,55906,55909,55911],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55907,55908],{"class":51},"empty_list ",[45,55910,56],{"class":55},[45,55912,7824],{"class":59},[45,55914,55915,55918,55920,55923,55925,55927],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,55916,55917],{"class":51},"new_empty_list ",[45,55919,56],{"class":55},[45,55921,55922],{"class":51}," empty_list",[45,55924,102],{"class":59},[45,55926,12898],{"class":105},[45,55928,8627],{"class":59},[45,55930,55931],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55932,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,55934,55935,55937,55939,55942],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,55936,125],{"class":124},[45,55938,109],{"class":59},[45,55940,55941],{"class":105},"new_empty_list",[45,55943,118],{"class":59},[14,55945,268],{},[36,55947,55948],{"className":38,"code":38278,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,55949,55950],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55951,55952],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55953,38278],{"class":59},[14,55955,55956],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[31,55958,55960,55961],{"id":55959},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[18,55962,56],{},[14,55964,1736,55965,14039,55967,52650],{},[18,55966,56],{},[26,55968,178],{},[14,55970,55971],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[36,55973,55975],{"className":38,"code":55974,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[18,55976,55977,55997,56006,56010,56025,56029,56039],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55978,55979,55981,55983,55985,55987,55989,55991,55993,55995],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55980,195],{"class":51},[45,55982,56],{"class":55},[45,55984,60],{"class":59},[45,55986,203],{"class":202},[45,55988,73],{"class":59},[45,55990,208],{"class":202},[45,55992,73],{"class":59},[45,55994,213],{"class":202},[45,55996,93],{"class":59},[45,55998,55999,56002,56004],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,56000,56001],{"class":51},"same_list ",[45,56003,56],{"class":55},[45,56005,43964],{"class":51},[45,56007,56008],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56009,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,56011,56012,56015,56017,56019,56021,56023],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,56013,56014],{"class":51},"same_list",[45,56016,102],{"class":59},[45,56018,13538],{"class":105},[45,56020,109],{"class":59},[45,56022,2498],{"class":202},[45,56024,118],{"class":59},[45,56026,56027],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,56028,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,56030,56031,56033,56035,56037],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,56032,125],{"class":124},[45,56034,109],{"class":59},[45,56036,251],{"class":105},[45,56038,118],{"class":59},[45,56040,56041,56043,56045,56047],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,56042,125],{"class":124},[45,56044,109],{"class":59},[45,56046,56014],{"class":105},[45,56048,118],{"class":59},[14,56050,268],{},[36,56052,56054],{"className":38,"code":56053,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56055,56056,56076],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56057,56058,56060,56062,56064,56066,56068,56070,56072,56074],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56059,278],{"class":59},[45,56061,203],{"class":202},[45,56063,73],{"class":59},[45,56065,208],{"class":202},[45,56067,73],{"class":59},[45,56069,213],{"class":202},[45,56071,73],{"class":59},[45,56073,2450],{"class":202},[45,56075,93],{"class":59},[45,56077,56078,56080,56082,56084,56086,56088,56090,56092,56094],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,56079,278],{"class":59},[45,56081,203],{"class":202},[45,56083,73],{"class":59},[45,56085,208],{"class":202},[45,56087,73],{"class":59},[45,56089,213],{"class":202},[45,56091,73],{"class":59},[45,56093,2450],{"class":202},[45,56095,93],{"class":59},[14,56097,56098],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,56100,56101,56102,1111],{},"Now compare that with ",[18,56103,12763],{},[36,56105,56107],{"className":38,"code":56106,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[18,56108,56109,56129,56144,56148,56163,56167,56177],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56110,56111,56113,56115,56117,56119,56121,56123,56125,56127],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56112,195],{"class":51},[45,56114,56],{"class":55},[45,56116,60],{"class":59},[45,56118,203],{"class":202},[45,56120,73],{"class":59},[45,56122,208],{"class":202},[45,56124,73],{"class":59},[45,56126,213],{"class":202},[45,56128,93],{"class":59},[45,56130,56131,56134,56136,56138,56140,56142],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,56132,56133],{"class":51},"copied_numbers ",[45,56135,56],{"class":55},[45,56137,225],{"class":51},[45,56139,102],{"class":59},[45,56141,12898],{"class":105},[45,56143,8627],{"class":59},[45,56145,56146],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56147,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,56149,56150,56153,56155,56157,56159,56161],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,56151,56152],{"class":51},"copied_numbers",[45,56154,102],{"class":59},[45,56156,13538],{"class":105},[45,56158,109],{"class":59},[45,56160,2498],{"class":202},[45,56162,118],{"class":59},[45,56164,56165],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,56166,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,56168,56169,56171,56173,56175],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,56170,125],{"class":124},[45,56172,109],{"class":59},[45,56174,251],{"class":105},[45,56176,118],{"class":59},[45,56178,56179,56181,56183,56185],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,56180,125],{"class":124},[45,56182,109],{"class":59},[45,56184,56152],{"class":105},[45,56186,118],{"class":59},[14,56188,268],{},[36,56190,56192],{"className":38,"code":56191,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56193,56194,56210],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56195,56196,56198,56200,56202,56204,56206,56208],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56197,278],{"class":59},[45,56199,203],{"class":202},[45,56201,73],{"class":59},[45,56203,208],{"class":202},[45,56205,73],{"class":59},[45,56207,213],{"class":202},[45,56209,93],{"class":59},[45,56211,56212,56214,56216,56218,56220,56222,56224,56226,56228],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,56213,278],{"class":59},[45,56215,203],{"class":202},[45,56217,73],{"class":59},[45,56219,208],{"class":202},[45,56221,73],{"class":59},[45,56223,213],{"class":202},[45,56225,73],{"class":59},[45,56227,2450],{"class":202},[45,56229,93],{"class":59},[14,56231,56232,56233,102],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[364,56234,52754],{"href":50961},[31,56236,56238],{"id":56237},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56240,56241,12834,56243,102],{},[18,56242,55578],{},[26,56244,12837],{},[14,56246,2101],{},[157,56248,56249,56252],{},[160,56250,56251],{},"The outer list is new",[160,56253,56254],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56256,56257],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[36,56259,56261],{"className":38,"code":56260,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,56262,56263,56290,56304,56308,56327,56331,56341],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56264,56265,56267,56269,56272,56274,56276,56278,56280,56282,56284,56286,56288],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56266,12074],{"class":51},[45,56268,56],{"class":55},[45,56270,56271],{"class":59}," [[",[45,56273,203],{"class":202},[45,56275,73],{"class":59},[45,56277,208],{"class":202},[45,56279,18047],{"class":59},[45,56281,60],{"class":59},[45,56283,2056],{"class":202},[45,56285,73],{"class":59},[45,56287,2450],{"class":202},[45,56289,53225],{"class":59},[45,56291,56292,56294,56296,56298,56300,56302],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,56293,14297],{"class":51},[45,56295,56],{"class":55},[45,56297,12149],{"class":51},[45,56299,102],{"class":59},[45,56301,12898],{"class":105},[45,56303,8627],{"class":59},[45,56305,56306],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56307,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,56309,56310,56312,56314,56316,56318,56320,56322,56325],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,56311,14316],{"class":51},[45,56313,278],{"class":59},[45,56315,2114],{"class":202},[45,56317,13535],{"class":59},[45,56319,13538],{"class":105},[45,56321,109],{"class":59},[45,56323,56324],{"class":202},"99",[45,56326,118],{"class":59},[45,56328,56329],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,56330,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,56332,56333,56335,56337,56339],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,56334,125],{"class":124},[45,56336,109],{"class":59},[45,56338,12121],{"class":105},[45,56340,118],{"class":59},[45,56342,56343,56345,56347,56349],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,56344,125],{"class":124},[45,56346,109],{"class":59},[45,56348,14316],{"class":105},[45,56350,118],{"class":59},[14,56352,268],{},[36,56354,56356],{"className":38,"code":56355,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,56357,56358,56385],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56359,56360,56363,56365,56367,56369,56371,56373,56375,56377,56379,56381,56383],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56361,56362],{"class":59},"[[",[45,56364,203],{"class":202},[45,56366,73],{"class":59},[45,56368,208],{"class":202},[45,56370,73],{"class":59},[45,56372,10183],{"class":202},[45,56374,18047],{"class":59},[45,56376,60],{"class":59},[45,56378,2056],{"class":202},[45,56380,73],{"class":59},[45,56382,2450],{"class":202},[45,56384,53225],{"class":59},[45,56386,56387,56389,56391,56393,56395,56397,56399,56401,56403,56405,56407,56409],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,56388,56362],{"class":59},[45,56390,203],{"class":202},[45,56392,73],{"class":59},[45,56394,208],{"class":202},[45,56396,73],{"class":59},[45,56398,10183],{"class":202},[45,56400,18047],{"class":59},[45,56402,60],{"class":59},[45,56404,2056],{"class":202},[45,56406,73],{"class":59},[45,56408,2450],{"class":202},[45,56410,53225],{"class":59},[14,56412,56413],{},"Why did both change?",[157,56415,56416,56423],{},[160,56417,56418,1301,56420,56422],{},[18,56419,12121],{},[18,56421,14316],{}," are different outer lists",[160,56424,56425,56426,56429],{},"But the inner list ",[18,56427,56428],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56431,53636,56432,56434],{},[18,56433,12763],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[157,56436,56437,56440,56443],{},[160,56438,56439],{},"Numbers",[160,56441,56442],{},"Strings",[160,56444,40577],{},[14,56446,56447,56448,102],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[364,56449,13776],{"href":13775},[31,56451,17405],{"id":17404},[14,56453,56454,56456],{},[18,56455,55578],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56458,40887,56459,56461],{},[26,56460,178],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56463,56464],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56466,16641],{},[36,56468,56470],{"className":38,"code":56469,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,56471,56472,56496,56510,56514],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56473,56474,56476,56478,56480,56482,56484,56486,56488,56490,56492,56494],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56475,461],{"class":51},[45,56477,56],{"class":55},[45,56479,60],{"class":59},[45,56481,64],{"class":63},[45,56483,470],{"class":67},[45,56485,64],{"class":63},[45,56487,73],{"class":59},[45,56489,76],{"class":63},[45,56491,479],{"class":67},[45,56493,64],{"class":63},[45,56495,93],{"class":59},[45,56497,56498,56500,56502,56504,56506,56508],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,56499,13103],{"class":51},[45,56501,56],{"class":55},[45,56503,13108],{"class":51},[45,56505,102],{"class":59},[45,56507,12898],{"class":105},[45,56509,8627],{"class":59},[45,56511,56512],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56513,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,56515,56516,56518,56520,56522],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,56517,125],{"class":124},[45,56519,109],{"class":59},[45,56521,13127],{"class":105},[45,56523,118],{"class":59},[14,56525,56526],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[36,56528,56530],{"className":38,"code":56529,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,56531,56532,56556,56566,56570],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56533,56534,56536,56538,56540,56542,56544,56546,56548,56550,56552,56554],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56535,461],{"class":51},[45,56537,56],{"class":55},[45,56539,60],{"class":59},[45,56541,64],{"class":63},[45,56543,470],{"class":67},[45,56545,64],{"class":63},[45,56547,73],{"class":59},[45,56549,76],{"class":63},[45,56551,479],{"class":67},[45,56553,64],{"class":63},[45,56555,93],{"class":59},[45,56557,56558,56560,56562,56564],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,56559,497],{"class":51},[45,56561,102],{"class":59},[45,56563,12898],{"class":105},[45,56565,8627],{"class":59},[45,56567,56568],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56569,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,56571,56572,56574,56576,56578],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,56573,125],{"class":124},[45,56575,109],{"class":59},[45,56577,497],{"class":105},[45,56579,118],{"class":59},[14,56581,56582,56583,56585],{},"In the second example, ",[18,56584,12763],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[31,56587,4952,56589],{"id":56588},"when-to-use-listcopy",[18,56590,55578],{},[14,56592,141,56593,10588],{},[18,56594,55578],{},[157,56596,56597,56600,56603,56606],{},[160,56598,56599],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[160,56601,56602],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[160,56604,56605],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[160,56607,56608,56609],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[18,56610,56611],{},"[:]",[14,56613,345],{},[36,56615,56617],{"className":38,"code":56616,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[18,56618,56619,56639,56654,56658,56673,56677,56687],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56620,56621,56623,56625,56627,56629,56631,56633,56635,56637],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56622,578],{"class":51},[45,56624,56],{"class":55},[45,56626,60],{"class":59},[45,56628,585],{"class":202},[45,56630,73],{"class":59},[45,56632,590],{"class":202},[45,56634,73],{"class":59},[45,56636,595],{"class":202},[45,56638,93],{"class":59},[45,56640,56641,56644,56646,56648,56650,56652],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,56642,56643],{"class":51},"backup_scores ",[45,56645,56],{"class":55},[45,56647,5101],{"class":51},[45,56649,102],{"class":59},[45,56651,12898],{"class":105},[45,56653,8627],{"class":59},[45,56655,56656],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56657,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,56659,56660,56662,56664,56666,56668,56671],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,56661,607],{"class":51},[45,56663,102],{"class":59},[45,56665,13538],{"class":105},[45,56667,109],{"class":59},[45,56669,56670],{"class":202},"40",[45,56672,118],{"class":59},[45,56674,56675],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,56676,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,56678,56679,56681,56683,56685],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,56680,125],{"class":124},[45,56682,109],{"class":59},[45,56684,607],{"class":105},[45,56686,118],{"class":59},[45,56688,56689,56691,56693,56696],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,56690,125],{"class":124},[45,56692,109],{"class":59},[45,56694,56695],{"class":105},"backup_scores",[45,56697,118],{"class":59},[14,56699,268],{},[36,56701,56703],{"className":38,"code":56702,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,56704,56705,56725],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56706,56707,56709,56711,56713,56715,56717,56719,56721,56723],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56708,278],{"class":59},[45,56710,585],{"class":202},[45,56712,73],{"class":59},[45,56714,590],{"class":202},[45,56716,73],{"class":59},[45,56718,595],{"class":202},[45,56720,73],{"class":59},[45,56722,600],{"class":202},[45,56724,93],{"class":59},[45,56726,56727,56729,56731,56733,56735,56737,56739],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,56728,278],{"class":59},[45,56730,585],{"class":202},[45,56732,73],{"class":59},[45,56734,590],{"class":202},[45,56736,73],{"class":59},[45,56738,595],{"class":202},[45,56740,93],{"class":59},[14,56742,56743,56744,102],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[364,56745,55498,56747,10728],{"href":56746},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[18,56748,52635],{},[31,56750,4509],{"id":4508},[14,56752,56753,56754,102],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[18,56755,55578],{},[1864,56757,1736,56759,56761],{"id":56758},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[18,56760,56],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,56763,39180],{},[36,56765,56767],{"className":38,"code":56766,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56768,56769,56789,56797,56811,56815],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56770,56771,56773,56775,56777,56779,56781,56783,56785,56787],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56772,2548],{"class":51},[45,56774,56],{"class":55},[45,56776,60],{"class":59},[45,56778,203],{"class":202},[45,56780,73],{"class":59},[45,56782,208],{"class":202},[45,56784,73],{"class":59},[45,56786,213],{"class":202},[45,56788,93],{"class":59},[45,56790,56791,56793,56795],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,56792,2576],{"class":51},[45,56794,56],{"class":55},[45,56796,36155],{"class":51},[45,56798,56799,56801,56803,56805,56807,56809],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56800,373],{"class":51},[45,56802,102],{"class":59},[45,56804,13538],{"class":105},[45,56806,109],{"class":59},[45,56808,2498],{"class":202},[45,56810,118],{"class":59},[45,56812,56813],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,56814,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,56816,56817,56819,56821,56823,56825],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,56818,125],{"class":124},[45,56820,109],{"class":59},[45,56822,364],{"class":105},[45,56824,3654],{"class":59},[45,56826,55678],{"class":137},[14,56828,56829,56830,6618],{},"Fix: use ",[18,56831,12763],{},[36,56833,56835],{"className":38,"code":56834,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,56836,56837,56857,56872,56886,56890],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56838,56839,56841,56843,56845,56847,56849,56851,56853,56855],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56840,2548],{"class":51},[45,56842,56],{"class":55},[45,56844,60],{"class":59},[45,56846,203],{"class":202},[45,56848,73],{"class":59},[45,56850,208],{"class":202},[45,56852,73],{"class":59},[45,56854,213],{"class":202},[45,56856,93],{"class":59},[45,56858,56859,56861,56863,56866,56868,56870],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,56860,2576],{"class":51},[45,56862,56],{"class":55},[45,56864,56865],{"class":51}," a",[45,56867,102],{"class":59},[45,56869,12898],{"class":105},[45,56871,8627],{"class":59},[45,56873,56874,56876,56878,56880,56882,56884],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56875,373],{"class":51},[45,56877,102],{"class":59},[45,56879,13538],{"class":105},[45,56881,109],{"class":59},[45,56883,2498],{"class":202},[45,56885,118],{"class":59},[45,56887,56888],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,56889,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,56891,56892,56894,56896,56898,56900],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,56893,125],{"class":124},[45,56895,109],{"class":59},[45,56897,364],{"class":105},[45,56899,3654],{"class":59},[45,56901,54915],{"class":137},[1864,56903,56905],{"id":56904},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[36,56907,56909],{"className":38,"code":56908,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[18,56910,56911,56931],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56912,56913,56915,56917,56919,56921,56923,56925,56927,56929],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56914,195],{"class":51},[45,56916,56],{"class":55},[45,56918,60],{"class":59},[45,56920,203],{"class":202},[45,56922,73],{"class":59},[45,56924,208],{"class":202},[45,56926,73],{"class":59},[45,56928,213],{"class":202},[45,56930,93],{"class":59},[45,56932,56933,56935,56937,56939],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,56934,251],{"class":51},[45,56936,102],{"class":59},[45,56938,12898],{"class":105},[45,56940,8627],{"class":59},[14,56942,56943],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,56945,39243],{},[36,56947,56949],{"className":38,"code":56948,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[18,56950,56951,56971],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56952,56953,56955,56957,56959,56961,56963,56965,56967,56969],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56954,195],{"class":51},[45,56956,56],{"class":55},[45,56958,60],{"class":59},[45,56960,203],{"class":202},[45,56962,73],{"class":59},[45,56964,208],{"class":202},[45,56966,73],{"class":59},[45,56968,213],{"class":202},[45,56970,93],{"class":59},[45,56972,56973,56975,56977,56979,56981,56983],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,56974,56133],{"class":51},[45,56976,56],{"class":55},[45,56978,225],{"class":51},[45,56980,102],{"class":59},[45,56982,12898],{"class":105},[45,56984,8627],{"class":59},[1864,56986,56988],{"id":56987},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[36,56990,56992],{"className":38,"code":56991,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[18,56993,56994,57012,57026,57030,57048,57052],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56995,56996,56998,57000,57002,57004,57006,57008,57010],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56997,2548],{"class":51},[45,56999,56],{"class":55},[45,57001,56271],{"class":59},[45,57003,203],{"class":202},[45,57005,18047],{"class":59},[45,57007,60],{"class":59},[45,57009,234],{"class":202},[45,57011,53225],{"class":59},[45,57013,57014,57016,57018,57020,57022,57024],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,57015,2576],{"class":51},[45,57017,56],{"class":55},[45,57019,56865],{"class":51},[45,57021,102],{"class":59},[45,57023,12898],{"class":105},[45,57025,8627],{"class":59},[45,57027,57028],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,57029,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,57031,57032,57034,57036,57038,57040,57042,57044,57046],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,57033,373],{"class":51},[45,57035,278],{"class":59},[45,57037,2114],{"class":202},[45,57039,13535],{"class":59},[45,57041,13538],{"class":105},[45,57043,109],{"class":59},[45,57045,56324],{"class":202},[45,57047,118],{"class":59},[45,57049,57050],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,57051,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,57053,57054,57056,57058,57060,57062],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,57055,125],{"class":124},[45,57057,109],{"class":59},[45,57059,364],{"class":105},[45,57061,3654],{"class":59},[45,57063,57064],{"class":137},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,57066,57067,57068,57070],{},"Fix: remember that ",[18,57069,55578],{}," is shallow.",[1864,57072,25599,57074,57076],{"id":57073},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[18,57075,12763],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,57078,57079,57081],{},[18,57080,12763],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[36,57083,57085],{"className":38,"code":57084,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[18,57086,57087,57099],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57088,57089,57091,57093,57095,57097],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57090,7862],{"class":51},[45,57092,56],{"class":55},[45,57094,76],{"class":63},[45,57096,4995],{"class":67},[45,57098,1194],{"class":63},[45,57100,57101],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,57102,57103],{"class":137},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,57105,57106],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[36,57108,57110],{"className":38,"code":57109,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(name))\n",[18,57111,57112],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57113,57114,57116,57118,57120,57122,57124],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57115,125],{"class":124},[45,57117,109],{"class":59},[45,57119,1811],{"class":315},[45,57121,109],{"class":59},[45,57123,7656],{"class":105},[45,57125,1802],{"class":59},[14,57127,57128,57129,57133],{},"You can also review ",[364,57130,57132],{"href":57131},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[31,57135,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,57137,175,57139,57141],{"id":57138},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[18,57140,55578],{}," change the original list?",[14,57143,57144],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1864,57146,5170,57148,1301,57150,2485],{"id":57147},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[18,57149,55578],{},[18,57151,56],{},[14,57153,57154,57156,57157,57159],{},[18,57155,12763],{}," creates a new list. ",[18,57158,56],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1864,57161,14889,57163,14892],{"id":57162},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[18,57164,55578],{},[14,57166,57167],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1864,57169,57171],{"id":57170},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,57173,42133,57174,57177],{},[18,57175,57176],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1864,57179,14889,57181,57183,57184,2485],{"id":57180},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[18,57182,55578],{}," the same as ",[18,57185,56611],{},[14,57187,57188],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[31,57190,1909],{"id":1908},[157,57192,57193,57198,57202,57207,57213],{},[160,57194,57195],{},[364,57196,14951],{"href":57197},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[160,57199,57200],{},[364,57201,52754],{"href":50961},[160,57203,57204],{},[364,57205,57206],{"href":57131},"Creating a list in Python",[160,57208,57209],{},[364,57210,55498,57211,10728],{"href":56746},[18,57212,52635],{},[160,57214,57215],{},[364,57216,13776],{"href":13775},[1936,57218,57219],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":57221},[57222,57223,57225,57226,57228,57229,57230,57232,57240,57251],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":55688,"depth":96,"text":57224},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":55959,"depth":96,"text":57227},"Why not use =",{"id":56237,"depth":96,"text":56238},{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405},{"id":56588,"depth":96,"text":57231},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":57233},[57234,57236,57237,57238],{"id":56758,"depth":121,"text":57235},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56904,"depth":121,"text":56905},{"id":56987,"depth":121,"text":56988},{"id":57073,"depth":121,"text":57239},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":57241},[57242,57244,57246,57248,57249],{"id":57138,"depth":121,"text":57243},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57147,"depth":121,"text":57245},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57162,"depth":121,"text":57247},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57170,"depth":121,"text":57171},{"id":57180,"depth":121,"text":57250},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55566,"description":57252},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57259,"title":57260,"body":57261,"description":59001,"extension":1958,"meta":59002,"navigation":241,"path":59003,"seo":59004,"stem":59005,"__hash__":59006},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57262,"toc":58960},[57263,57269,57275,57278,57289,57292,57294,57357,57363,57368,57372,57386,57389,57394,57399,57401,57403,57422,57434,57436,57503,57505,57513,57518,57520,57528,57531,57548,57550,57674,57685,57689,57694,57697,57699,57717,57721,57807,57815,57823,57892,57894,57897,57909,57914,57918,57989,57992,57996,58000,58065,58067,58075,58079,58162,58164,58172,58176,58237,58239,58247,58251,58338,58340,58348,58353,58358,58361,58372,58374,58459,58464,58473,58475,58479,58483,58488,58550,58554,58562,58568,58577,58582,58631,58634,58655,58659,58721,58728,58733,58736,58823,58826,58837,58840,58860,58862,58868,58871,58875,58879,58885,58888,58894,58901,58909,58920,58922,58957],[10,57264,54325,57266,11311],{"id":57265},"python-list-count-method",[18,57267,57268],{},"count()",[14,57270,57271,57274],{},[18,57272,57273],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57276,57277],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[157,57279,57280,57283,57286],{},[160,57281,57282],{},"count one specific item",[160,57284,57285],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[160,57287,57288],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57290,57291],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[31,57293,3603],{"id":3602},[36,57295,57297],{"className":38,"code":57296,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,57298,57299,57327,57345],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57300,57301,57303,57305,57307,57309,57311,57313,57315,57317,57319,57321,57323,57325],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57302,195],{"class":51},[45,57304,56],{"class":55},[45,57306,60],{"class":59},[45,57308,203],{"class":202},[45,57310,73],{"class":59},[45,57312,208],{"class":202},[45,57314,73],{"class":59},[45,57316,208],{"class":202},[45,57318,73],{"class":59},[45,57320,213],{"class":202},[45,57322,73],{"class":59},[45,57324,208],{"class":202},[45,57326,93],{"class":59},[45,57328,57329,57331,57333,57335,57337,57339,57341,57343],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,57330,220],{"class":51},[45,57332,56],{"class":55},[45,57334,225],{"class":51},[45,57336,102],{"class":59},[45,57338,1795],{"class":105},[45,57340,109],{"class":59},[45,57342,234],{"class":202},[45,57344,118],{"class":59},[45,57346,57347,57349,57351,57353,57355],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,57348,125],{"class":124},[45,57350,109],{"class":59},[45,57352,263],{"class":105},[45,57354,3654],{"class":59},[45,57356,50753],{"class":137},[14,57358,141,57359,57362],{},[18,57360,57361],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[31,57364,3671,57366,3674],{"id":57365},"what-listcount-does",[18,57367,57273],{},[14,57369,57370,1111],{},[18,57371,57273],{},[157,57373,57374,57377,57380,57383],{},[160,57375,57376],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[160,57378,57379],{},"returns an integer",[160,57381,57382],{},"does not change the original list",[160,57384,57385],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57387,57388],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57390,57391,57392,102],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[18,57393,2056],{},[14,57395,57396,57397,102],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[18,57398,2114],{},[31,57400,2153],{"id":2152},[14,57402,2156],{},[36,57404,57406],{"className":38,"code":57405,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.count(value)\n",[18,57407,57408],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57409,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57411,1765],{"class":51},[45,57413,102],{"class":59},[45,57415,1795],{"class":105},[45,57417,109],{"class":59},[45,57419,28],{"class":105},[45,57421,118],{"class":59},[157,57423,57424,57429],{},[160,57425,57426,57428],{},[18,57427,1765],{}," is the list you want to search",[160,57430,57431,57433],{},[18,57432,28],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57435,345],{},[36,57437,57439],{"className":38,"code":57438,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,57440,57441,57481],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57442,57443,57445,57447,57449,57451,57453,57455,57457,57459,57461,57463,57465,57467,57469,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57444,355],{"class":51},[45,57446,56],{"class":55},[45,57448,60],{"class":59},[45,57450,64],{"class":63},[45,57452,364],{"class":67},[45,57454,64],{"class":63},[45,57456,73],{"class":59},[45,57458,76],{"class":63},[45,57460,373],{"class":67},[45,57462,64],{"class":63},[45,57464,73],{"class":59},[45,57466,76],{"class":63},[45,57468,364],{"class":67},[45,57470,64],{"class":63},[45,57472,73],{"class":59},[45,57474,76],{"class":63},[45,57476,382],{"class":67},[45,57478,64],{"class":63},[45,57480,93],{"class":59},[45,57482,57483,57485,57487,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,57484,125],{"class":124},[45,57486,109],{"class":59},[45,57488,391],{"class":105},[45,57490,102],{"class":59},[45,57492,1795],{"class":105},[45,57494,109],{"class":59},[45,57496,64],{"class":63},[45,57498,364],{"class":67},[45,57500,64],{"class":63},[45,57502,1802],{"class":59},[14,57504,268],{},[36,57506,57507],{"className":38,"code":17042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,57508,57509],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57510,57511],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57512,17042],{"class":202},[14,57514,57515,57516,102],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[18,57517,2114],{},[31,57519,38001],{"id":38000},[14,57521,57522,57523,57525,57526,102],{},"The return value from ",[18,57524,57268],{}," is always an ",[18,57527,2184],{},[14,57529,57530],{},"Possible results:",[157,57532,57533,57538,57543],{},[160,57534,57535,57537],{},[18,57536,2114],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[160,57539,57540,57542],{},[18,57541,203],{}," if it appears once",[160,57544,57545,57547],{},[18,57546,234],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57549,345],{},[36,57551,57553],{"className":38,"code":57552,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[18,57554,57555,57595,57599,57624,57649],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57556,57557,57559,57561,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583,57585,57587,57589,57591,57593],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57558,461],{"class":51},[45,57560,56],{"class":55},[45,57562,60],{"class":59},[45,57564,64],{"class":63},[45,57566,470],{"class":67},[45,57568,64],{"class":63},[45,57570,73],{"class":59},[45,57572,76],{"class":63},[45,57574,479],{"class":67},[45,57576,64],{"class":63},[45,57578,73],{"class":59},[45,57580,76],{"class":63},[45,57582,488],{"class":67},[45,57584,64],{"class":63},[45,57586,73],{"class":59},[45,57588,76],{"class":63},[45,57590,479],{"class":67},[45,57592,64],{"class":63},[45,57594,93],{"class":59},[45,57596,57597],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,57598,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,57600,57601,57603,57605,57607,57609,57611,57613,57615,57617,57619,57621],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,57602,125],{"class":124},[45,57604,109],{"class":59},[45,57606,497],{"class":105},[45,57608,102],{"class":59},[45,57610,1795],{"class":105},[45,57612,109],{"class":59},[45,57614,64],{"class":63},[45,57616,479],{"class":67},[45,57618,64],{"class":63},[45,57620,5353],{"class":59},[45,57622,57623],{"class":137},"   # 2\n",[45,57625,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,57627,125],{"class":124},[45,57629,109],{"class":59},[45,57631,497],{"class":105},[45,57633,102],{"class":59},[45,57635,1795],{"class":105},[45,57637,109],{"class":59},[45,57639,64],{"class":63},[45,57641,470],{"class":67},[45,57643,64],{"class":63},[45,57645,5353],{"class":59},[45,57647,57648],{"class":137},"    # 1\n",[45,57650,57651,57653,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,57652,125],{"class":124},[45,57654,109],{"class":59},[45,57656,497],{"class":105},[45,57658,102],{"class":59},[45,57660,1795],{"class":105},[45,57662,109],{"class":59},[45,57664,64],{"class":63},[45,57666,22508],{"class":67},[45,57668,64],{"class":63},[45,57670,5353],{"class":59},[45,57672,57673],{"class":137}," # 0\n",[14,57675,57676,57677,57679,57680,57682,57683,102],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[18,57678,57268],{}," works, but using ",[18,57681,976],{}," is often simpler. See ",[364,57684,6185],{"href":6184},[31,57686,57688],{"id":57687},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57690,57691,57693],{},[18,57692,57273],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57695,57696],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57698,43632],{},[157,57700,57701,57704,57707,57714],{},[160,57702,57703],{},"matches are based on equality",[160,57705,57706],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[160,57708,57709,1301,57711,57713],{},[18,57710,203],{},[18,57712,3598],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[160,57715,57716],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1864,57718,57720],{"id":57719},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[36,57722,57724],{"className":38,"code":57723,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[18,57725,57726,57759,57783],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57727,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57747,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57729,4062],{"class":51},[45,57731,56],{"class":55},[45,57733,60],{"class":59},[45,57735,64],{"class":63},[45,57737,68],{"class":67},[45,57739,64],{"class":63},[45,57741,73],{"class":59},[45,57743,76],{"class":63},[45,57745,57746],{"class":67},"Apple",[45,57748,64],{"class":63},[45,57750,73],{"class":59},[45,57752,76],{"class":63},[45,57754,68],{"class":67},[45,57756,64],{"class":63},[45,57758,93],{"class":59},[45,57760,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,57762,125],{"class":124},[45,57764,109],{"class":59},[45,57766,4104],{"class":105},[45,57768,102],{"class":59},[45,57770,1795],{"class":105},[45,57772,109],{"class":59},[45,57774,64],{"class":63},[45,57776,68],{"class":67},[45,57778,64],{"class":63},[45,57780,5353],{"class":59},[45,57782,51397],{"class":137},[45,57784,57785,57787,57789,57791,57793,57795,57797,57799,57801,57803,57805],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,57786,125],{"class":124},[45,57788,109],{"class":59},[45,57790,4104],{"class":105},[45,57792,102],{"class":59},[45,57794,1795],{"class":105},[45,57796,109],{"class":59},[45,57798,64],{"class":63},[45,57800,57746],{"class":67},[45,57802,64],{"class":63},[45,57804,5353],{"class":59},[45,57806,27761],{"class":137},[14,57808,57809,1301,57811,57814],{},[18,57810,778],{},[18,57812,57813],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1864,57816,57818,1301,57820,57822],{"id":57817},"_1-and-true-can-match",[18,57819,203],{},[18,57821,3598],{}," can match",[36,57824,57826],{"className":38,"code":57825,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[18,57827,57828,57852,57872],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57829,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57831,3816],{"class":51},[45,57833,56],{"class":55},[45,57835,60],{"class":59},[45,57837,203],{"class":202},[45,57839,73],{"class":59},[45,57841,3907],{"class":291},[45,57843,73],{"class":59},[45,57845,208],{"class":202},[45,57847,73],{"class":59},[45,57849,5488],{"class":202},[45,57851,93],{"class":59},[45,57853,57854,57856,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,57855,125],{"class":124},[45,57857,109],{"class":59},[45,57859,5350],{"class":105},[45,57861,102],{"class":59},[45,57863,1795],{"class":105},[45,57865,109],{"class":59},[45,57867,203],{"class":202},[45,57869,5353],{"class":59},[45,57871,50900],{"class":137},[45,57873,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,57875,125],{"class":124},[45,57877,109],{"class":59},[45,57879,5350],{"class":105},[45,57881,102],{"class":59},[45,57883,1795],{"class":105},[45,57885,109],{"class":59},[45,57887,3598],{"class":291},[45,57889,5353],{"class":59},[45,57891,50753],{"class":137},[14,57893,4400],{},[14,57895,57896],{},"In Python:",[157,57898,57899,57904],{},[160,57900,57901],{},[18,57902,57903],{},"True == 1",[160,57905,57906],{},[18,57907,57908],{},"False == 0",[14,57910,53636,57911,57913],{},[18,57912,57268],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1864,57915,57917],{"id":57916},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[36,57919,57921],{"className":38,"code":57920,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[18,57922,57923,57965],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57924,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57926,52],{"class":51},[45,57928,56],{"class":55},[45,57930,56271],{"class":59},[45,57932,203],{"class":202},[45,57934,73],{"class":59},[45,57936,208],{"class":202},[45,57938,18047],{"class":59},[45,57940,60],{"class":59},[45,57942,2056],{"class":202},[45,57944,73],{"class":59},[45,57946,2450],{"class":202},[45,57948,18047],{"class":59},[45,57950,60],{"class":59},[45,57952,203],{"class":202},[45,57954,73],{"class":59},[45,57956,208],{"class":202},[45,57958,18047],{"class":59},[45,57960,60],{"class":59},[45,57962,203],{"class":202},[45,57964,53225],{"class":59},[45,57966,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,57968,125],{"class":124},[45,57970,109],{"class":59},[45,57972,99],{"class":105},[45,57974,102],{"class":59},[45,57976,1795],{"class":105},[45,57978,2979],{"class":59},[45,57980,203],{"class":202},[45,57982,73],{"class":59},[45,57984,208],{"class":202},[45,57986,4726],{"class":59},[45,57988,51397],{"class":137},[14,57990,57991],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[31,57993,57995],{"id":57994},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1864,57997,57999],{"id":57998},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[36,58001,58003],{"className":38,"code":58002,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58004,58005,58033,58051,58055],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58006,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015,58017,58019,58021,58023,58025,58027,58029,58031],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58008,195],{"class":51},[45,58010,56],{"class":55},[45,58012,60],{"class":59},[45,58014,585],{"class":202},[45,58016,73],{"class":59},[45,58018,590],{"class":202},[45,58020,73],{"class":59},[45,58022,5991],{"class":202},[45,58024,73],{"class":59},[45,58026,595],{"class":202},[45,58028,73],{"class":59},[45,58030,5991],{"class":202},[45,58032,93],{"class":59},[45,58034,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,58036,220],{"class":51},[45,58038,56],{"class":55},[45,58040,225],{"class":51},[45,58042,102],{"class":59},[45,58044,1795],{"class":105},[45,58046,109],{"class":59},[45,58048,585],{"class":202},[45,58050,118],{"class":59},[45,58052,58053],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,58054,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,58056,58057,58059,58061,58063],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,58058,125],{"class":124},[45,58060,109],{"class":59},[45,58062,263],{"class":105},[45,58064,118],{"class":59},[14,58066,268],{},[36,58068,58069],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,58070,58071],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58072,58073],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58074,46598],{"class":202},[1864,58076,58078],{"id":58077},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[36,58080,58082],{"className":38,"code":58081,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58083,58084,58126,58148,58152],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58085,58086,58088,58090,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100,58102,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119,58122,58124],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58087,4062],{"class":51},[45,58089,56],{"class":55},[45,58091,60],{"class":59},[45,58093,64],{"class":63},[45,58095,37027],{"class":67},[45,58097,64],{"class":63},[45,58099,73],{"class":59},[45,58101,76],{"class":63},[45,58103,58104],{"class":67},"dog",[45,58106,64],{"class":63},[45,58108,73],{"class":59},[45,58110,76],{"class":63},[45,58112,37027],{"class":67},[45,58114,64],{"class":63},[45,58116,73],{"class":59},[45,58118,76],{"class":63},[45,58120,58121],{"class":67},"bird",[45,58123,64],{"class":63},[45,58125,93],{"class":59},[45,58127,58128,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,58129,220],{"class":51},[45,58131,56],{"class":55},[45,58133,6155],{"class":51},[45,58135,102],{"class":59},[45,58137,1795],{"class":105},[45,58139,109],{"class":59},[45,58141,64],{"class":63},[45,58143,37027],{"class":67},[45,58145,64],{"class":63},[45,58147,118],{"class":59},[45,58149,58150],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,58151,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,58153,58154,58156,58158,58160],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,58155,125],{"class":124},[45,58157,109],{"class":59},[45,58159,263],{"class":105},[45,58161,118],{"class":59},[14,58163,268],{},[36,58165,58166],{"className":38,"code":17042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,58167,58168],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58169,58170],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58171,17042],{"class":202},[1864,58173,58175],{"id":58174},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[36,58177,58179],{"className":38,"code":58178,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58180,58181,58205,58223,58227],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58182,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58184,195],{"class":51},[45,58186,56],{"class":55},[45,58188,60],{"class":59},[45,58190,203],{"class":202},[45,58192,73],{"class":59},[45,58194,208],{"class":202},[45,58196,73],{"class":59},[45,58198,213],{"class":202},[45,58200,73],{"class":59},[45,58202,2450],{"class":202},[45,58204,93],{"class":59},[45,58206,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,58208,220],{"class":51},[45,58210,56],{"class":55},[45,58212,225],{"class":51},[45,58214,102],{"class":59},[45,58216,1795],{"class":105},[45,58218,109],{"class":59},[45,58220,2131],{"class":202},[45,58222,118],{"class":59},[45,58224,58225],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,58226,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,58228,58229,58231,58233,58235],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,58230,125],{"class":124},[45,58232,109],{"class":59},[45,58234,263],{"class":105},[45,58236,118],{"class":59},[14,58238,268],{},[36,58240,58241],{"className":38,"code":47233,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,58242,58243],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58244,58245],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58246,47233],{"class":202},[1864,58248,58250],{"id":58249},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[36,58252,58254],{"className":38,"code":58253,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58255,58256,58302,58324,58328],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58257,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268,58270,58272,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294,58296,58298,58300],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58259,9151],{"class":51},[45,58261,56],{"class":55},[45,58263,56271],{"class":59},[45,58265,203],{"class":202},[45,58267,73],{"class":59},[45,58269,208],{"class":202},[45,58271,18047],{"class":59},[45,58273,60],{"class":59},[45,58275,203],{"class":202},[45,58277,73],{"class":59},[45,58279,208],{"class":202},[45,58281,18047],{"class":59},[45,58283,60],{"class":59},[45,58285,234],{"class":202},[45,58287,73],{"class":59},[45,58289,213],{"class":202},[45,58291,18047],{"class":59},[45,58293,60],{"class":59},[45,58295,203],{"class":202},[45,58297,73],{"class":59},[45,58299,208],{"class":202},[45,58301,53225],{"class":59},[45,58303,58304,58306,58308,58310,58312,58314,58316,58318,58320,58322],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,58305,220],{"class":51},[45,58307,56],{"class":55},[45,58309,14552],{"class":51},[45,58311,102],{"class":59},[45,58313,1795],{"class":105},[45,58315,2979],{"class":59},[45,58317,203],{"class":202},[45,58319,73],{"class":59},[45,58321,208],{"class":202},[45,58323,3880],{"class":59},[45,58325,58326],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,58327,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,58329,58330,58332,58334,58336],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,58331,125],{"class":124},[45,58333,109],{"class":59},[45,58335,263],{"class":105},[45,58337,118],{"class":59},[14,58339,268],{},[36,58341,58342],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,58343,58344],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58345,58346],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58347,46598],{"class":202},[31,58349,4952,58351],{"id":58350},"when-to-use-count",[18,58352,57268],{},[14,58354,141,58355,58357],{},[18,58356,57268],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58359,58360],{},"Good use cases:",[157,58362,58363,58366,58369],{},[160,58364,58365],{},"counting one specific item",[160,58367,58368],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[160,58370,58371],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58373,345],{},[36,58375,58377],{"className":38,"code":58376,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[18,58378,58379,58420,58444,58448],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58380,58381,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412,58414,58416,58418],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58382,58383],{"class":51},"votes ",[45,58385,56],{"class":55},[45,58387,60],{"class":59},[45,58389,64],{"class":63},[45,58391,8642],{"class":67},[45,58393,64],{"class":63},[45,58395,73],{"class":59},[45,58397,76],{"class":63},[45,58399,8581],{"class":67},[45,58401,64],{"class":63},[45,58403,73],{"class":59},[45,58405,76],{"class":63},[45,58407,8642],{"class":67},[45,58409,64],{"class":63},[45,58411,73],{"class":59},[45,58413,76],{"class":63},[45,58415,8642],{"class":67},[45,58417,64],{"class":63},[45,58419,93],{"class":59},[45,58421,58422,58425,58427,58430,58432,58434,58436,58438,58440,58442],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,58423,58424],{"class":51},"yes_votes ",[45,58426,56],{"class":55},[45,58428,58429],{"class":51}," votes",[45,58431,102],{"class":59},[45,58433,1795],{"class":105},[45,58435,109],{"class":59},[45,58437,64],{"class":63},[45,58439,8642],{"class":67},[45,58441,64],{"class":63},[45,58443,118],{"class":59},[45,58445,58446],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,58447,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,58449,58450,58452,58454,58457],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,58451,125],{"class":124},[45,58453,109],{"class":59},[45,58455,58456],{"class":105},"yes_votes",[45,58458,118],{"class":59},[14,58460,58461,58463],{},[18,58462,57268],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58465,58466,58467,1301,58469,102],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[364,58468,52754],{"href":50961},[364,58470,58472],{"href":58471},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[31,58474,1709],{"id":1708},[14,58476,8431,58477,102],{},[18,58478,57273],{},[1864,58480,58482],{"id":58481},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58484,58485,58487],{},[18,58486,57273],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[36,58489,58491],{"className":38,"code":58490,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[18,58492,58493,58526],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58494,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514,58516,58518,58520,58522,58524],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58496,4062],{"class":51},[45,58498,56],{"class":55},[45,58500,60],{"class":59},[45,58502,64],{"class":63},[45,58504,58505],{"class":67},"apple pie",[45,58507,64],{"class":63},[45,58509,73],{"class":59},[45,58511,76],{"class":63},[45,58513,79],{"class":67},[45,58515,64],{"class":63},[45,58517,73],{"class":59},[45,58519,76],{"class":63},[45,58521,58505],{"class":67},[45,58523,64],{"class":63},[45,58525,93],{"class":59},[45,58527,58528,58530,58532,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546,58548],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,58529,125],{"class":124},[45,58531,109],{"class":59},[45,58533,4104],{"class":105},[45,58535,102],{"class":59},[45,58537,1795],{"class":105},[45,58539,109],{"class":59},[45,58541,64],{"class":63},[45,58543,68],{"class":67},[45,58545,64],{"class":63},[45,58547,5353],{"class":59},[45,58549,51229],{"class":137},[14,58551,2481,58552,2485],{},[18,58553,2114],{},[14,58555,29042,58556,58558,58559,102],{},[18,58557,778],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[18,58560,58561],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58563,58564,58565,102],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[18,58566,58567],{},"str.count()",[1864,58569,1722,58571,8439,58573,1742,58575],{"id":58570},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[18,58572,57268],{},[18,58574,3598],{},[18,58576,3667],{},[14,58578,58579,58581],{},[18,58580,57268],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[36,58583,58585],{"className":38,"code":58584,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[18,58586,58587,58611],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58588,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603,58605,58607,58609],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58590,195],{"class":51},[45,58592,56],{"class":55},[45,58594,60],{"class":59},[45,58596,203],{"class":202},[45,58598,73],{"class":59},[45,58600,208],{"class":202},[45,58602,73],{"class":59},[45,58604,208],{"class":202},[45,58606,73],{"class":59},[45,58608,213],{"class":202},[45,58610,93],{"class":59},[45,58612,58613,58615,58617,58619,58621,58623,58625,58627,58629],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,58614,125],{"class":124},[45,58616,109],{"class":59},[45,58618,251],{"class":105},[45,58620,102],{"class":59},[45,58622,1795],{"class":105},[45,58624,109],{"class":59},[45,58626,234],{"class":202},[45,58628,5353],{"class":59},[45,58630,51397],{"class":137},[14,58632,58633],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[36,58635,58637],{"className":38,"code":58636,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[18,58638,58639],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58640,58641,58643,58645,58647,58649,58651,58653],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58642,125],{"class":124},[45,58644,109],{"class":59},[45,58646,234],{"class":202},[45,58648,1134],{"class":969},[45,58650,225],{"class":105},[45,58652,3654],{"class":59},[45,58654,3657],{"class":137},[1864,58656,58658],{"id":58657},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[36,58660,58662],{"className":38,"code":58661,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[18,58663,58664,58697],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58665,58666,58668,58670,58672,58674,58676,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690,58693,58695],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58667,4986],{"class":51},[45,58669,56],{"class":55},[45,58671,60],{"class":59},[45,58673,64],{"class":63},[45,58675,7665],{"class":67},[45,58677,64],{"class":63},[45,58679,73],{"class":59},[45,58681,76],{"class":63},[45,58683,20204],{"class":67},[45,58685,64],{"class":63},[45,58687,73],{"class":59},[45,58689,76],{"class":63},[45,58691,58692],{"class":67},"SAM",[45,58694,64],{"class":63},[45,58696,93],{"class":59},[45,58698,58699,58701,58703,58705,58707,58709,58711,58713,58715,58717,58719],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,58700,125],{"class":124},[45,58702,109],{"class":59},[45,58704,5030],{"class":105},[45,58706,102],{"class":59},[45,58708,1795],{"class":105},[45,58710,109],{"class":59},[45,58712,64],{"class":63},[45,58714,20204],{"class":67},[45,58716,64],{"class":63},[45,58718,5353],{"class":59},[45,58720,27761],{"class":137},[14,58722,58723,58724,58727],{},"Only the exact string ",[18,58725,58726],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1864,58729,29631,58731,33529],{"id":58730},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[18,58732,57268],{},[14,58734,58735],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[36,58737,58739],{"className":38,"code":58738,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[18,58740,58741,58751,58765,58783,58797,58809],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58742,58743,58745,58747,58749],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58744,125],{"class":124},[45,58746,109],{"class":59},[45,58748,1765],{"class":105},[45,58750,118],{"class":59},[45,58752,58753,58755,58757,58759,58761,58763],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,58754,125],{"class":124},[45,58756,109],{"class":59},[45,58758,1811],{"class":315},[45,58760,109],{"class":59},[45,58762,1765],{"class":105},[45,58764,1802],{"class":59},[45,58766,58767,58769,58771,58773,58775,58777,58779,58781],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,58768,125],{"class":124},[45,58770,109],{"class":59},[45,58772,1765],{"class":105},[45,58774,102],{"class":59},[45,58776,1795],{"class":105},[45,58778,109],{"class":59},[45,58780,28],{"class":105},[45,58782,1802],{"class":59},[45,58784,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,58786,125],{"class":124},[45,58788,109],{"class":59},[45,58790,1185],{"class":105},[45,58792,976],{"class":969},[45,58794,1780],{"class":105},[45,58796,118],{"class":59},[45,58798,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,58800,970],{"class":969},[45,58802,973],{"class":51},[45,58804,976],{"class":969},[45,58806,1780],{"class":51},[45,58808,1213],{"class":59},[45,58810,58811,58813,58815,58817,58819,58821],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,58812,8055],{"class":124},[45,58814,109],{"class":59},[45,58816,41760],{"class":124},[45,58818,109],{"class":59},[45,58820,23293],{"class":105},[45,58822,1802],{"class":59},[14,58824,58825],{},"These checks can help you see:",[157,58827,58828,58831,58834],{},[160,58829,58830],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[160,58832,58833],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[160,58835,58836],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,58838,58839],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[157,58841,58842,58847,58850,58857],{},[160,58843,50474,58844,58846],{},[18,58845,57268],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[160,58848,58849],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[160,58851,11095,58852,58854,58855],{},[18,58853,57273],{}," with string ",[18,58856,57268],{},[160,58858,58859],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[31,58861,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,58863,175,58865,58867],{"id":58864},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[18,58866,57273],{}," change the list?",[14,58869,58870],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1864,58872,58874],{"id":58873},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,58876,11899,58877,102],{},[18,58878,2114],{},[1864,58880,5160,58882,58884],{"id":58881},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[18,58883,57273],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,58886,58887],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1864,58889,14889,58891,58893],{"id":58890},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[18,58892,57273],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,58895,42133,58896,1301,58898,58900],{},[18,58897,57813],{},[18,58899,778],{}," are different values.",[1864,58902,5148,58904,58906,58907,2485],{"id":58903},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[18,58905,3598],{}," sometimes count like ",[18,58908,203],{},[14,58910,8770,58911,58913,58914,1301,58916,58913,58918,102],{},[18,58912,3598],{}," compares equal to ",[18,58915,203],{},[18,58917,3667],{},[18,58919,2114],{},[31,58921,1909],{"id":1908},[157,58923,58924,58928,58934,58938,58945,58952],{},[160,58925,58926],{},[364,58927,52754],{"href":50961},[160,58929,58930],{},[364,58931,58933],{"href":58932},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[160,58935,58936],{},[364,58937,6923],{"href":6184},[160,58939,58940],{},[364,58941,55498,58942,10728],{"href":1856},[18,58943,58944],{},"index()",[160,58946,58947],{},[364,58948,3569,58950],{"href":58949},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[18,58951,42342],{},[160,58953,58954],{},[364,58955,58956],{"href":58471},"What is a list in Python",[1936,58958,58959],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":58961},[58962,58963,58965,58966,58967,58973,58979,58981,58989,59000],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":57365,"depth":96,"text":58964},"What list.count() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":38000,"depth":96,"text":38001},{"id":57687,"depth":96,"text":57688,"children":58968},[58969,58970,58972],{"id":57719,"depth":121,"text":57720},{"id":57817,"depth":121,"text":58971},"1 and True can match",{"id":57916,"depth":121,"text":57917},{"id":57994,"depth":96,"text":57995,"children":58974},[58975,58976,58977,58978],{"id":57998,"depth":121,"text":57999},{"id":58077,"depth":121,"text":58078},{"id":58174,"depth":121,"text":58175},{"id":58249,"depth":121,"text":58250},{"id":58350,"depth":96,"text":58980},"When to use count()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":58982},[58983,58984,58986,58987],{"id":58481,"depth":121,"text":58482},{"id":58570,"depth":121,"text":58985},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58657,"depth":121,"text":58658},{"id":58730,"depth":121,"text":58988},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":58990},[58991,58993,58994,58996,58998],{"id":58864,"depth":121,"text":58992},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58873,"depth":121,"text":58874},{"id":58881,"depth":121,"text":58995},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58890,"depth":121,"text":58997},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58903,"depth":121,"text":58999},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57260,"description":59001},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59008,"title":59009,"body":59010,"description":60973,"extension":1958,"meta":60974,"navigation":241,"path":60975,"seo":60976,"stem":60977,"__hash__":60978},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59011,"toc":60936},[59012,59015,59018,59020,59148,59152,59233,59244,59246,59265,59269,59272,59275,59293,59295,59338,59342,59367,59376,59380,59385,59388,59505,59509,59578,59582,59594,59598,59601,59642,59646,59659,59662,59747,59751,59784,59791,59797,59802,59804,59816,59820,59853,59857,59889,59893,59930,59934,59954,59958,59992,59996,60025,60036,60040,60043,60046,60059,60116,60120,60159,60165,60168,60170,60173,60177,60180,60205,60207,60232,60239,60242,60287,60291,60310,60313,60352,60359,60364,60398,60402,60503,60510,60543,60547,60573,60577,60580,60618,60621,60658,60662,60665,60684,60688,60749,60751,60769,60773,60776,60779,60808,60810,60814,60817,60825,60829,60832,60852,60858,60864,60868,60871,60878,60886,60888,60927,60933],[10,59013,59009],{"id":59014},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,59016,59017],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[31,59019,3603],{"id":3602},[36,59021,59023],{"className":38,"code":59022,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,59024,59025,59045,59077,59085,59103,59107,59117,59127,59138],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59026,59027,59029,59031,59033,59035,59037,59039,59041,59043],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59028,195],{"class":51},[45,59030,56],{"class":55},[45,59032,60],{"class":59},[45,59034,203],{"class":202},[45,59036,73],{"class":59},[45,59038,208],{"class":202},[45,59040,73],{"class":59},[45,59042,213],{"class":202},[45,59044,93],{"class":59},[45,59046,59047,59049,59051,59053,59055,59057,59059,59061,59063,59065,59067,59069,59071,59073,59075],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,59048,4986],{"class":51},[45,59050,56],{"class":55},[45,59052,60],{"class":59},[45,59054,64],{"class":63},[45,59056,12867],{"class":67},[45,59058,64],{"class":63},[45,59060,73],{"class":59},[45,59062,76],{"class":63},[45,59064,35922],{"class":67},[45,59066,64],{"class":63},[45,59068,73],{"class":59},[45,59070,76],{"class":63},[45,59072,35931],{"class":67},[45,59074,64],{"class":63},[45,59076,93],{"class":59},[45,59078,59079,59081,59083],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59080,55908],{"class":51},[45,59082,56],{"class":55},[45,59084,7824],{"class":59},[45,59086,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099,59101],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,59088,355],{"class":51},[45,59090,56],{"class":55},[45,59092,1114],{"class":315},[45,59094,109],{"class":59},[45,59096,64],{"class":63},[45,59098,41541],{"class":67},[45,59100,64],{"class":63},[45,59102,118],{"class":59},[45,59104,59105],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,59106,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,59108,59109,59111,59113,59115],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,59110,125],{"class":124},[45,59112,109],{"class":59},[45,59114,251],{"class":105},[45,59116,118],{"class":59},[45,59118,59119,59121,59123,59125],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,59120,125],{"class":124},[45,59122,109],{"class":59},[45,59124,5030],{"class":105},[45,59126,118],{"class":59},[45,59128,59129,59131,59133,59136],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,59130,125],{"class":124},[45,59132,109],{"class":59},[45,59134,59135],{"class":105},"empty_list",[45,59137,118],{"class":59},[45,59139,59140,59142,59144,59146],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,59141,125],{"class":124},[45,59143,109],{"class":59},[45,59145,391],{"class":105},[45,59147,118],{"class":59},[14,59149,59150],{},[26,59151,268],{},[36,59153,59155],{"className":38,"code":59154,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,59156,59157,59173,59201,59205],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59158,59159,59161,59163,59165,59167,59169,59171],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59160,278],{"class":59},[45,59162,203],{"class":202},[45,59164,73],{"class":59},[45,59166,208],{"class":202},[45,59168,73],{"class":59},[45,59170,213],{"class":202},[45,59172,93],{"class":59},[45,59174,59175,59177,59179,59181,59183,59185,59187,59189,59191,59193,59195,59197,59199],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,59176,278],{"class":59},[45,59178,429],{"class":63},[45,59180,12867],{"class":67},[45,59182,429],{"class":63},[45,59184,73],{"class":59},[45,59186,438],{"class":63},[45,59188,35922],{"class":67},[45,59190,429],{"class":63},[45,59192,73],{"class":59},[45,59194,438],{"class":63},[45,59196,35931],{"class":67},[45,59198,429],{"class":63},[45,59200,93],{"class":59},[45,59202,59203],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59204,38278],{"class":59},[45,59206,59207,59209,59211,59213,59215,59217,59219,59221,59223,59225,59227,59229,59231],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,59208,278],{"class":59},[45,59210,429],{"class":63},[45,59212,364],{"class":67},[45,59214,429],{"class":63},[45,59216,73],{"class":59},[45,59218,438],{"class":63},[45,59220,373],{"class":67},[45,59222,429],{"class":63},[45,59224,73],{"class":59},[45,59226,438],{"class":63},[45,59228,382],{"class":67},[45,59230,429],{"class":63},[45,59232,93],{"class":59},[14,59234,59235,59236,59238,59239,59241,59242,102],{},"Use square brackets ",[18,59237,3780],{}," for most lists. Use ",[18,59240,24763],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,59243,36178],{},[31,59245,15149],{"id":15148},[157,59247,59248,59251,59254,59257,59262],{},[160,59249,59250],{},"What a list is in Python",[160,59252,59253],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[160,59255,59256],{},"How to create an empty list",[160,59258,59259,59260,2298],{},"How to create a list with the ",[18,59261,24763],{},[160,59263,59264],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[31,59266,59268],{"id":59267},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59270,59271],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59273,59274],{},"This means:",[157,59276,59277,59280,59283,59286],{},[160,59278,59279],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[160,59281,59282],{},"The order of items is kept",[160,59284,59285],{},"A list can hold different data types",[160,59287,59288,59289,59292],{},"A list is ",[26,59290,59291],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59294,345],{},[36,59296,59298],{"className":38,"code":59297,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,59299,59300,59324,59328],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59301,59302,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59303,52],{"class":51},[45,59305,56],{"class":55},[45,59307,60],{"class":59},[45,59309,64],{"class":63},[45,59311,68],{"class":67},[45,59313,64],{"class":63},[45,59315,73],{"class":59},[45,59317,5991],{"class":202},[45,59319,73],{"class":59},[45,59321,3907],{"class":291},[45,59323,93],{"class":59},[45,59325,59326],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,59327,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,59329,59330,59332,59334,59336],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59331,125],{"class":124},[45,59333,109],{"class":59},[45,59335,99],{"class":105},[45,59337,118],{"class":59},[14,59339,59340],{},[26,59341,268],{},[36,59343,59345],{"className":38,"code":59344,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[18,59346,59347],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59348,59349,59351,59353,59355,59357,59359,59361,59363,59365],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59350,278],{"class":59},[45,59352,429],{"class":63},[45,59354,68],{"class":67},[45,59356,429],{"class":63},[45,59358,73],{"class":59},[45,59360,5991],{"class":202},[45,59362,73],{"class":59},[45,59364,3907],{"class":291},[45,59366,93],{"class":59},[14,59368,59369,59370,1742,59373,102],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[364,59371,59372],{"href":50961},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[364,59374,59375],{"href":58471},"What is a List in Python?",[31,59377,59379],{"id":59378},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59381,59235,59382,59384],{},[18,59383,3780],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59386,59387],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[36,59389,59391],{"className":38,"code":59390,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,59392,59393,59413,59445,59470,59474,59484,59494],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59394,59395,59397,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59396,195],{"class":51},[45,59398,56],{"class":55},[45,59400,60],{"class":59},[45,59402,203],{"class":202},[45,59404,73],{"class":59},[45,59406,208],{"class":202},[45,59408,73],{"class":59},[45,59410,213],{"class":202},[45,59412,93],{"class":59},[45,59414,59415,59417,59419,59421,59423,59425,59427,59429,59431,59433,59435,59437,59439,59441,59443],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,59416,4986],{"class":51},[45,59418,56],{"class":55},[45,59420,60],{"class":59},[45,59422,64],{"class":63},[45,59424,12867],{"class":67},[45,59426,64],{"class":63},[45,59428,73],{"class":59},[45,59430,76],{"class":63},[45,59432,35922],{"class":67},[45,59434,64],{"class":63},[45,59436,73],{"class":59},[45,59438,76],{"class":63},[45,59440,35931],{"class":67},[45,59442,64],{"class":63},[45,59444,93],{"class":59},[45,59446,59447,59450,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464,59466,59468],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59448,59449],{"class":51},"mixed ",[45,59451,56],{"class":55},[45,59453,60],{"class":59},[45,59455,585],{"class":202},[45,59457,73],{"class":59},[45,59459,76],{"class":63},[45,59461,3839],{"class":67},[45,59463,64],{"class":63},[45,59465,73],{"class":59},[45,59467,3898],{"class":291},[45,59469,93],{"class":59},[45,59471,59472],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,59473,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,59475,59476,59478,59480,59482],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,59477,125],{"class":124},[45,59479,109],{"class":59},[45,59481,251],{"class":105},[45,59483,118],{"class":59},[45,59485,59486,59488,59490,59492],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,59487,125],{"class":124},[45,59489,109],{"class":59},[45,59491,5030],{"class":105},[45,59493,118],{"class":59},[45,59495,59496,59498,59500,59503],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,59497,125],{"class":124},[45,59499,109],{"class":59},[45,59501,59502],{"class":105},"mixed",[45,59504,118],{"class":59},[14,59506,59507],{},[26,59508,268],{},[36,59510,59512],{"className":38,"code":59511,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[18,59513,59514,59530,59558],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59515,59516,59518,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59517,278],{"class":59},[45,59519,203],{"class":202},[45,59521,73],{"class":59},[45,59523,208],{"class":202},[45,59525,73],{"class":59},[45,59527,213],{"class":202},[45,59529,93],{"class":59},[45,59531,59532,59534,59536,59538,59540,59542,59544,59546,59548,59550,59552,59554,59556],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,59533,278],{"class":59},[45,59535,429],{"class":63},[45,59537,12867],{"class":67},[45,59539,429],{"class":63},[45,59541,73],{"class":59},[45,59543,438],{"class":63},[45,59545,35922],{"class":67},[45,59547,429],{"class":63},[45,59549,73],{"class":59},[45,59551,438],{"class":63},[45,59553,35931],{"class":67},[45,59555,429],{"class":63},[45,59557,93],{"class":59},[45,59559,59560,59562,59564,59566,59568,59570,59572,59574,59576],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59561,278],{"class":59},[45,59563,585],{"class":202},[45,59565,73],{"class":59},[45,59567,438],{"class":63},[45,59569,3839],{"class":67},[45,59571,429],{"class":63},[45,59573,73],{"class":59},[45,59575,3898],{"class":291},[45,59577,93],{"class":59},[1864,59579,59581],{"id":59580},"key-points","Key points",[157,59583,59584,59589,59591],{},[160,59585,141,59586,59588],{},[18,59587,3780],{}," to make a new list",[160,59590,15419],{},[160,59592,59593],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[31,59595,59597],{"id":59596},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59599,59600],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[36,59602,59604],{"className":38,"code":59603,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[18,59605,59606,59614,59618,59628],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59607,59608,59610,59612],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59609,8294],{"class":51},[45,59611,56],{"class":55},[45,59613,7824],{"class":59},[45,59615,59616],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,59617,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,59619,59620,59622,59624,59626],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59621,125],{"class":124},[45,59623,109],{"class":59},[45,59625,1765],{"class":105},[45,59627,118],{"class":59},[45,59629,59630,59632,59634,59636,59638,59640],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,59631,125],{"class":124},[45,59633,109],{"class":59},[45,59635,11150],{"class":124},[45,59637,109],{"class":59},[45,59639,1765],{"class":105},[45,59641,1802],{"class":59},[14,59643,59644],{},[26,59645,268],{},[36,59647,59649],{"className":38,"code":59648,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[]\n0\n",[18,59650,59651,59655],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59652,59653],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59654,38278],{"class":59},[45,59656,59657],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,59658,47233],{"class":202},[14,59660,59661],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[36,59663,59665],{"className":38,"code":59664,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,59666,59667,59675,59679,59697,59715,59733,59737],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59668,59669,59671,59673],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59670,4986],{"class":51},[45,59672,56],{"class":55},[45,59674,7824],{"class":59},[45,59676,59677],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,59678,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,59680,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689,59691,59693,59695],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59682,5030],{"class":51},[45,59684,102],{"class":59},[45,59686,13538],{"class":105},[45,59688,109],{"class":59},[45,59690,64],{"class":63},[45,59692,12867],{"class":67},[45,59694,64],{"class":63},[45,59696,118],{"class":59},[45,59698,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707,59709,59711,59713],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,59700,5030],{"class":51},[45,59702,102],{"class":59},[45,59704,13538],{"class":105},[45,59706,109],{"class":59},[45,59708,64],{"class":63},[45,59710,35922],{"class":67},[45,59712,64],{"class":63},[45,59714,118],{"class":59},[45,59716,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729,59731],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,59718,5030],{"class":51},[45,59720,102],{"class":59},[45,59722,13538],{"class":105},[45,59724,109],{"class":59},[45,59726,64],{"class":63},[45,59728,35931],{"class":67},[45,59730,64],{"class":63},[45,59732,118],{"class":59},[45,59734,59735],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,59736,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,59738,59739,59741,59743,59745],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,59740,125],{"class":124},[45,59742,109],{"class":59},[45,59744,5030],{"class":105},[45,59746,118],{"class":59},[14,59748,59749],{},[26,59750,268],{},[36,59752,59754],{"className":38,"code":59753,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,59755,59756],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59757,59758,59760,59762,59764,59766,59768,59770,59772,59774,59776,59778,59780,59782],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59759,278],{"class":59},[45,59761,429],{"class":63},[45,59763,12867],{"class":67},[45,59765,429],{"class":63},[45,59767,73],{"class":59},[45,59769,438],{"class":63},[45,59771,35922],{"class":67},[45,59773,429],{"class":63},[45,59775,73],{"class":59},[45,59777,438],{"class":63},[45,59779,35931],{"class":67},[45,59781,429],{"class":63},[45,59783,93],{"class":59},[14,59785,59786,59787,102],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[364,59788,59789,10728],{"href":56746},[18,59790,52635],{},[31,59792,59794,59795],{"id":59793},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[18,59796,24763],{},[14,59798,141,59799,59801],{},[18,59800,24763],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59803,5447],{},[157,59805,59806,59808,59810,59812],{},[160,59807,5300],{},[160,59809,5294],{},[160,59811,5297],{},[160,59813,59814],{},[18,59815,36178],{},[1864,59817,59819],{"id":59818},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[36,59821,59823],{"className":38,"code":59822,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,59824,59825,59843],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59826,59827,59829,59831,59833,59835,59837,59839,59841],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59828,355],{"class":51},[45,59830,56],{"class":55},[45,59832,1114],{"class":315},[45,59834,109],{"class":59},[45,59836,64],{"class":63},[45,59838,41541],{"class":67},[45,59840,64],{"class":63},[45,59842,118],{"class":59},[45,59844,59845,59847,59849,59851],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,59846,125],{"class":124},[45,59848,109],{"class":59},[45,59850,391],{"class":105},[45,59852,118],{"class":59},[14,59854,59855],{},[26,59856,268],{},[36,59858,59859],{"className":38,"code":42857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,59860,59861],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59862,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877,59879,59881,59883,59885,59887],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59864,278],{"class":59},[45,59866,429],{"class":63},[45,59868,364],{"class":67},[45,59870,429],{"class":63},[45,59872,73],{"class":59},[45,59874,438],{"class":63},[45,59876,373],{"class":67},[45,59878,429],{"class":63},[45,59880,73],{"class":59},[45,59882,438],{"class":63},[45,59884,382],{"class":67},[45,59886,429],{"class":63},[45,59888,93],{"class":59},[1864,59890,59892],{"id":59891},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[36,59894,59896],{"className":38,"code":59895,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,59897,59898,59920],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59899,59900,59902,59904,59906,59908,59910,59912,59914,59916,59918],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59901,195],{"class":51},[45,59903,56],{"class":55},[45,59905,1114],{"class":315},[45,59907,5501],{"class":59},[45,59909,203],{"class":202},[45,59911,73],{"class":59},[45,59913,208],{"class":202},[45,59915,73],{"class":59},[45,59917,213],{"class":202},[45,59919,1802],{"class":59},[45,59921,59922,59924,59926,59928],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,59923,125],{"class":124},[45,59925,109],{"class":59},[45,59927,251],{"class":105},[45,59929,118],{"class":59},[14,59931,59932],{},[26,59933,268],{},[36,59935,59936],{"className":38,"code":55129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,59937,59938],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59939,59940,59942,59944,59946,59948,59950,59952],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59941,278],{"class":59},[45,59943,203],{"class":202},[45,59945,73],{"class":59},[45,59947,208],{"class":202},[45,59949,73],{"class":59},[45,59951,213],{"class":202},[45,59953,93],{"class":59},[1864,59955,59957],{"id":59956},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[36,59959,59961],{"className":38,"code":59960,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[18,59962,59963,59982],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59964,59965,59967,59969,59971,59973,59976,59978,59980],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59966,3816],{"class":51},[45,59968,56],{"class":55},[45,59970,1114],{"class":315},[45,59972,109],{"class":59},[45,59974,59975],{"class":124},"range",[45,59977,109],{"class":59},[45,59979,2131],{"class":202},[45,59981,1802],{"class":59},[45,59983,59984,59986,59988,59990],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,59985,125],{"class":124},[45,59987,109],{"class":59},[45,59989,5350],{"class":105},[45,59991,118],{"class":59},[14,59993,59994],{},[26,59995,268],{},[36,59997,59999],{"className":38,"code":59998,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,60000,60001],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60002,60003,60005,60007,60009,60011,60013,60015,60017,60019,60021,60023],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60004,278],{"class":59},[45,60006,2114],{"class":202},[45,60008,73],{"class":59},[45,60010,5488],{"class":202},[45,60012,73],{"class":59},[45,60014,208],{"class":202},[45,60016,73],{"class":59},[45,60018,213],{"class":202},[45,60020,73],{"class":59},[45,60022,2450],{"class":202},[45,60024,93],{"class":59},[14,60026,60027,60029,60030,102],{},[18,60028,24763],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[364,60031,60033,60035],{"href":60032},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[18,60034,24763],{},": Function Explained",[31,60037,60039],{"id":60038},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,60041,60042],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,60044,60045],{},"Examples include:",[157,60047,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056],{},[160,60049,5300],{},[160,60051,40406],{},[160,60053,52028],{},[160,60055,40576],{},[160,60057,60058],{},"other lists",[36,60060,60062],{"className":38,"code":60061,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,60063,60064,60102,60106],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60065,60066,60068,60070,60072,60074,60076,60078,60080,60082,60084,60086,60088,60090,60092,60094,60096,60098,60100],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60067,9151],{"class":51},[45,60069,56],{"class":55},[45,60071,60],{"class":59},[45,60073,64],{"class":63},[45,60075,12867],{"class":67},[45,60077,64],{"class":63},[45,60079,73],{"class":59},[45,60081,9292],{"class":202},[45,60083,73],{"class":59},[45,60085,3907],{"class":291},[45,60087,73],{"class":59},[45,60089,60],{"class":59},[45,60091,203],{"class":202},[45,60093,73],{"class":59},[45,60095,208],{"class":202},[45,60097,73],{"class":59},[45,60099,213],{"class":202},[45,60101,53225],{"class":59},[45,60103,60104],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,60105,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,60107,60108,60110,60112,60114],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,60109,125],{"class":124},[45,60111,109],{"class":59},[45,60113,9190],{"class":105},[45,60115,118],{"class":59},[14,60117,60118],{},[26,60119,268],{},[36,60121,60123],{"className":38,"code":60122,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,60124,60125],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60126,60127,60129,60131,60133,60135,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149,60151,60153,60155,60157],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60128,278],{"class":59},[45,60130,429],{"class":63},[45,60132,12867],{"class":67},[45,60134,429],{"class":63},[45,60136,73],{"class":59},[45,60138,9292],{"class":202},[45,60140,73],{"class":59},[45,60142,3907],{"class":291},[45,60144,73],{"class":59},[45,60146,60],{"class":59},[45,60148,203],{"class":202},[45,60150,73],{"class":59},[45,60152,208],{"class":202},[45,60154,73],{"class":59},[45,60156,213],{"class":202},[45,60158,53225],{"class":59},[14,60160,60161,60162,102],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[26,60163,60164],{},"nested list",[14,60166,60167],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[31,60169,4509],{"id":4508},[14,60171,60172],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1864,60174,60176],{"id":60175},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,60178,60179],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[36,60181,60183],{"className":38,"code":60182,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[18,60184,60185,60189],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60186,60187],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60188,4526],{"class":137},[45,60190,60191,60193,60195,60197,60199,60201,60203],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,60192,195],{"class":51},[45,60194,56],{"class":55},[45,60196,60],{"class":59},[45,60198,203],{"class":202},[45,60200,208],{"class":202},[45,60202,213],{"class":202},[45,60204,93],{"class":59},[14,60206,10795],{},[36,60208,60210],{"className":38,"code":60209,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,60211,60212],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60213,60214,60216,60218,60220,60222,60224,60226,60228,60230],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60215,195],{"class":51},[45,60217,56],{"class":55},[45,60219,60],{"class":59},[45,60221,203],{"class":202},[45,60223,73],{"class":59},[45,60225,208],{"class":202},[45,60227,73],{"class":59},[45,60229,213],{"class":202},[45,60231,93],{"class":59},[1864,60233,1736,60235,11080,60237],{"id":60234},"using-instead-of",[18,60236,7353],{},[18,60238,3780],{},[14,60240,60241],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[36,60243,60245],{"className":38,"code":60244,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60246,60247,60268,60272],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60248,60249,60252,60254,60256,60258,60260,60262,60264,60266],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60250,60251],{"class":51},"my_values ",[45,60253,56],{"class":55},[45,60255,9222],{"class":59},[45,60257,203],{"class":202},[45,60259,73],{"class":59},[45,60261,208],{"class":202},[45,60263,73],{"class":59},[45,60265,213],{"class":202},[45,60267,118],{"class":59},[45,60269,60270],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,60271,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,60273,60274,60276,60278,60280,60282,60285],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,60275,125],{"class":124},[45,60277,109],{"class":59},[45,60279,1811],{"class":315},[45,60281,109],{"class":59},[45,60283,60284],{"class":105},"my_values",[45,60286,1802],{"class":59},[14,60288,60289],{},[26,60290,268],{},[36,60292,60294],{"className":38,"code":60293,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,60295,60296],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60297,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306,60308],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60299,3284],{"class":55},[45,60301,3287],{"class":2059},[45,60303,438],{"class":63},[45,60305,48935],{"class":67},[45,60307,429],{"class":63},[45,60309,3296],{"class":55},[14,60311,60312],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[36,60314,60316],{"className":38,"code":60315,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60317,60318,60338],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60319,60320,60322,60324,60326,60328,60330,60332,60334,60336],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60321,60251],{"class":51},[45,60323,56],{"class":55},[45,60325,60],{"class":59},[45,60327,203],{"class":202},[45,60329,73],{"class":59},[45,60331,208],{"class":202},[45,60333,73],{"class":59},[45,60335,213],{"class":202},[45,60337,93],{"class":59},[45,60339,60340,60342,60344,60346,60348,60350],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,60341,125],{"class":124},[45,60343,109],{"class":59},[45,60345,1811],{"class":315},[45,60347,109],{"class":59},[45,60349,60284],{"class":105},[45,60351,1802],{"class":59},[1864,60353,1722,60355,60358],{"id":60354},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[18,60356,60357],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60360,60361,60363],{},[18,60362,24763],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[36,60365,60367],{"className":38,"code":60366,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,60368,60369,60388],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60370,60371,60373,60375,60377,60379,60381,60384,60386],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60372,220],{"class":51},[45,60374,56],{"class":55},[45,60376,1114],{"class":315},[45,60378,109],{"class":59},[45,60380,64],{"class":63},[45,60382,60383],{"class":67},"hello world",[45,60385,64],{"class":63},[45,60387,118],{"class":59},[45,60389,60390,60392,60394,60396],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,60391,125],{"class":124},[45,60393,109],{"class":59},[45,60395,263],{"class":105},[45,60397,118],{"class":59},[14,60399,60400],{},[26,60401,268],{},[36,60403,60405],{"className":38,"code":60404,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,60406,60407],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60408,60409,60411,60413,60416,60418,60420,60422,60425,60427,60429,60431,60434,60436,60438,60440,60442,60444,60446,60448,60451,60453,60455,60457,60459,60461,60463,60466,60468,60470,60472,60474,60476,60478,60480,60483,60485,60487,60489,60491,60493,60495,60497,60499,60501],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60410,278],{"class":59},[45,60412,429],{"class":63},[45,60414,60415],{"class":67},"h",[45,60417,429],{"class":63},[45,60419,73],{"class":59},[45,60421,438],{"class":63},[45,60423,60424],{"class":67},"e",[45,60426,429],{"class":63},[45,60428,73],{"class":59},[45,60430,438],{"class":63},[45,60432,60433],{"class":67},"l",[45,60435,429],{"class":63},[45,60437,73],{"class":59},[45,60439,438],{"class":63},[45,60441,60433],{"class":67},[45,60443,429],{"class":63},[45,60445,73],{"class":59},[45,60447,438],{"class":63},[45,60449,60450],{"class":67},"o",[45,60452,429],{"class":63},[45,60454,73],{"class":59},[45,60456,438],{"class":63},[45,60458,438],{"class":63},[45,60460,73],{"class":59},[45,60462,438],{"class":63},[45,60464,60465],{"class":67},"w",[45,60467,429],{"class":63},[45,60469,73],{"class":59},[45,60471,438],{"class":63},[45,60473,60450],{"class":67},[45,60475,429],{"class":63},[45,60477,73],{"class":59},[45,60479,438],{"class":63},[45,60481,60482],{"class":67},"r",[45,60484,429],{"class":63},[45,60486,73],{"class":59},[45,60488,438],{"class":63},[45,60490,60433],{"class":67},[45,60492,429],{"class":63},[45,60494,73],{"class":59},[45,60496,438],{"class":63},[45,60498,18753],{"class":67},[45,60500,429],{"class":63},[45,60502,93],{"class":59},[14,60504,60505,60506,60509],{},"If you want words, use ",[18,60507,60508],{},"split()"," instead:",[36,60511,60513],{"className":38,"code":60512,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[18,60514,60515,60533],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60516,60517,60519,60521,60523,60525,60527,60529,60531],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60518,4062],{"class":51},[45,60520,56],{"class":55},[45,60522,76],{"class":63},[45,60524,60383],{"class":67},[45,60526,64],{"class":63},[45,60528,102],{"class":59},[45,60530,34450],{"class":105},[45,60532,8627],{"class":59},[45,60534,60535,60537,60539,60541],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,60536,125],{"class":124},[45,60538,109],{"class":59},[45,60540,4104],{"class":105},[45,60542,118],{"class":59},[14,60544,60545],{},[26,60546,268],{},[36,60548,60550],{"className":38,"code":60549,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['hello', 'world']\n",[18,60551,60552],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60553,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562,60564,60566,60569,60571],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60555,278],{"class":59},[45,60557,429],{"class":63},[45,60559,3839],{"class":67},[45,60561,429],{"class":63},[45,60563,73],{"class":59},[45,60565,438],{"class":63},[45,60567,60568],{"class":67},"world",[45,60570,429],{"class":63},[45,60572,93],{"class":59},[1864,60574,60576],{"id":60575},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60578,60579],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[36,60581,60583],{"className":38,"code":60582,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60584,60585,60589],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60586,60587],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60588,4526],{"class":137},[45,60590,60591,60593,60595,60597,60599,60601,60603,60605,60607,60610,60612,60614,60616],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,60592,4986],{"class":51},[45,60594,56],{"class":55},[45,60596,60],{"class":59},[45,60598,64],{"class":63},[45,60600,12867],{"class":67},[45,60602,64],{"class":63},[45,60604,73],{"class":59},[45,60606,76],{"class":63},[45,60608,60609],{"class":67},"Ben', ",[45,60611,64],{"class":63},[45,60613,35931],{"class":51},[45,60615,64],{"class":63},[45,60617,93],{"class":67},[14,60619,60620],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[36,60622,60624],{"className":38,"code":60623,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60625,60626],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60627,60628,60630,60632,60634,60636,60638,60640,60642,60644,60646,60648,60650,60652,60654,60656],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60629,4986],{"class":51},[45,60631,56],{"class":55},[45,60633,60],{"class":59},[45,60635,64],{"class":63},[45,60637,12867],{"class":67},[45,60639,64],{"class":63},[45,60641,73],{"class":59},[45,60643,76],{"class":63},[45,60645,35922],{"class":67},[45,60647,64],{"class":63},[45,60649,73],{"class":59},[45,60651,76],{"class":63},[45,60653,35931],{"class":67},[45,60655,64],{"class":63},[45,60657,93],{"class":59},[1864,60659,60661],{"id":60660},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60663,60664],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[157,60666,60667,60670,60673,60678],{},[160,60668,60669],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[160,60671,60672],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[160,60674,60675,60676],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[18,60677,24763],{},[160,60679,1722,60680,60683],{},[18,60681,60682],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1864,60685,60687],{"id":60686},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[36,60689,60691],{"className":38,"code":60690,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[18,60692,60693,60703,60717,60731],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60694,60695,60697,60699,60701],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60696,125],{"class":124},[45,60698,109],{"class":59},[45,60700,1765],{"class":105},[45,60702,118],{"class":59},[45,60704,60705,60707,60709,60711,60713,60715],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,60706,125],{"class":124},[45,60708,109],{"class":59},[45,60710,1811],{"class":315},[45,60712,109],{"class":59},[45,60714,1765],{"class":105},[45,60716,1802],{"class":59},[45,60718,60719,60721,60723,60725,60727,60729],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,60720,125],{"class":124},[45,60722,109],{"class":59},[45,60724,11150],{"class":124},[45,60726,109],{"class":59},[45,60728,1765],{"class":105},[45,60730,1802],{"class":59},[45,60732,60733,60735,60737,60739,60741,60743,60745,60747],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,60734,125],{"class":124},[45,60736,109],{"class":59},[45,60738,316],{"class":315},[45,60740,109],{"class":59},[45,60742,59975],{"class":124},[45,60744,109],{"class":59},[45,60746,2131],{"class":202},[45,60748,2905],{"class":59},[14,60750,25991],{},[157,60752,60753,60756,60759,60762],{},[160,60754,60755],{},"what the list contains",[160,60757,60758],{},"whether the value is really a list",[160,60760,60761],{},"how many items it has",[160,60763,26002,60764,60766,60767],{},[18,60765,24763],{}," does with ",[18,60768,36178],{},[31,60770,60772],{"id":60771},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60774,60775],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60777,60778],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[157,60780,60781,60796,60801],{},[160,60782,141,60783,2185,60787,17058,60791,60795],{},[364,60784,60785],{"href":56746},[18,60786,52635],{},[364,60788,60789],{"href":53327},[18,60790,53429],{},[364,60792,60793],{"href":53891},[18,60794,54251],{}," to add items later",[160,60797,141,60798,60800],{},[364,60799,59372],{"href":50961}," for a broader introduction",[160,60802,141,60803,60807],{},[364,60804,60805,60035],{"href":60032},[18,60806,24763],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[31,60809,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,60811,60813],{"id":60812},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,60815,60816],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[36,60818,60819],{"className":38,"code":38278,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,60820,60821],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60822,60823],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60824,38278],{"class":59},[1864,60826,60828],{"id":60827},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,60830,60831],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[36,60833,60834],{"className":38,"code":55129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,60835,60836],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60837,60838,60840,60842,60844,60846,60848,60850],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60839,278],{"class":59},[45,60841,203],{"class":202},[45,60843,73],{"class":59},[45,60845,208],{"class":202},[45,60847,73],{"class":59},[45,60849,213],{"class":202},[45,60851,93],{"class":59},[1864,60853,5133,60855,60857],{"id":60854},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[18,60856,24763],{}," do in Python?",[14,60859,60860,60861,60863],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,60862,36178],{},", into a list.",[1864,60865,60867],{"id":60866},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,60869,60870],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1864,60872,5170,60874,1301,60876,2485],{"id":60873},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[18,60875,3780],{},[18,60877,7353],{},[14,60879,60880,60882,60883,60885],{},[18,60881,3780],{}," creates a list. ",[18,60884,7353],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[31,60887,1909],{"id":1908},[157,60889,60890,60894,60900,60906,60912,60918,60922],{},[160,60891,60892],{},[364,60893,59372],{"href":50961},[160,60895,60896],{},[364,60897,55498,60898,11311],{"href":56746},[18,60899,52635],{},[160,60901,60902],{},[364,60903,55498,60904,11311],{"href":53327},[18,60905,53429],{},[160,60907,60908],{},[364,60909,55498,60910,11311],{"href":53891},[18,60911,54251],{},[160,60913,60914],{},[364,60915,3569,60916,3573],{"href":60032},[18,60917,24763],{},[160,60919,60920],{},[364,60921,59375],{"href":58471},[160,60923,60924],{},[364,60925,60926],{"href":12053},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,60928,60929,60930,60932],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[18,60931,52635],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1936,60934,60935],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":60937},[60938,60939,60940,60941,60944,60945,60951,60952,60962,60963,60972],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":15148,"depth":96,"text":15149},{"id":59267,"depth":96,"text":59268},{"id":59378,"depth":96,"text":59379,"children":60942},[60943],{"id":59580,"depth":121,"text":59581},{"id":59596,"depth":96,"text":59597},{"id":59793,"depth":96,"text":60946,"children":60947},"Create a list with list()",[60948,60949,60950],{"id":59818,"depth":121,"text":59819},{"id":59891,"depth":121,"text":59892},{"id":59956,"depth":121,"text":59957},{"id":60038,"depth":96,"text":60039},{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":60953},[60954,60955,60957,60959,60960,60961],{"id":60175,"depth":121,"text":60176},{"id":60234,"depth":121,"text":60956},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60354,"depth":121,"text":60958},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60575,"depth":121,"text":60576},{"id":60660,"depth":121,"text":60661},{"id":60686,"depth":121,"text":60687},{"id":60771,"depth":96,"text":60772},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":60964},[60965,60966,60967,60969,60970],{"id":60812,"depth":121,"text":60813},{"id":60827,"depth":121,"text":60828},{"id":60854,"depth":121,"text":60968},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60866,"depth":121,"text":60867},{"id":60873,"depth":121,"text":60971},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59009,"description":60973},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60980,"title":60981,"body":60982,"description":62723,"extension":1958,"meta":62724,"navigation":241,"path":62725,"seo":62726,"stem":62727,"__hash__":62728},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60983,"toc":62678},[60984,60989,60994,60997,60999,61070,61075,61080,61084,61098,61103,61105,61125,61130,61133,61156,61160,61165,61257,61259,61281,61287,61293,61300,61307,61313,61370,61376,61434,61436,61448,61456,61462,61467,61471,61528,61531,61535,61594,61597,61601,61659,61671,61675,61728,61731,61735,61741,61747,61809,61812,61873,61876,61932,61937,61939,61943,61950,62011,62016,62025,62081,62088,62092,62150,62159,62217,62221,62256,62260,62270,62273,62328,62342,62345,62460,62465,62469,62480,62482,62561,62571,62573,62578,62583,62590,62598,62604,62607,62613,62616,62622,62628,62630,62666,62675],[10,60985,54325,60987,11311],{"id":60986},"python-list-extend-method",[18,60988,53429],{},[14,60990,60991,60993],{},[18,60992,53330],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,60995,60996],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[31,60998,34],{"id":33},[36,61000,61002],{"className":38,"code":61001,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61003,61004,61020,61037,61041,61056,61066],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61005,61006,61008,61010,61012,61014,61016,61018],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61007,195],{"class":51},[45,61009,56],{"class":55},[45,61011,60],{"class":59},[45,61013,203],{"class":202},[45,61015,73],{"class":59},[45,61017,208],{"class":202},[45,61019,93],{"class":59},[45,61021,61022,61025,61027,61029,61031,61033,61035],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,61023,61024],{"class":51},"more_numbers ",[45,61026,56],{"class":55},[45,61028,60],{"class":59},[45,61030,2056],{"class":202},[45,61032,73],{"class":59},[45,61034,2450],{"class":202},[45,61036,93],{"class":59},[45,61038,61039],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61040,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,61042,61043,61045,61047,61049,61051,61054],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,61044,251],{"class":51},[45,61046,102],{"class":59},[45,61048,53459],{"class":105},[45,61050,109],{"class":59},[45,61052,61053],{"class":105},"more_numbers",[45,61055,118],{"class":59},[45,61057,61058,61060,61062,61064],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,61059,125],{"class":124},[45,61061,109],{"class":59},[45,61063,251],{"class":105},[45,61065,118],{"class":59},[45,61067,61068],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,61069,52706],{"class":137},[14,61071,141,61072,61074],{},[18,61073,53429],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[31,61076,3671,61078,3674],{"id":61077},"what-listextend-does",[18,61079,53330],{},[14,61081,61082,1111],{},[18,61083,53429],{},[157,61085,61086,61089,61091,61094],{},[160,61087,61088],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[160,61090,54411],{},[160,61092,61093],{},"Does not create a new list",[160,61095,11412,61096],{},[18,61097,301],{},[14,61099,61100,61101,53784],{},"This is an important point: ",[18,61102,53429],{},[31,61104,2153],{"id":2152},[36,61106,61108],{"className":38,"code":61107,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[18,61109,61110],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61111,61112,61115,61117,61119,61121,61123],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61113,61114],{"class":51},"list_name",[45,61116,102],{"class":59},[45,61118,53459],{"class":105},[45,61120,109],{"class":59},[45,61122,3714],{"class":105},[45,61124,118],{"class":59},[14,61126,5442,61127,61129],{},[26,61128,3714],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,61131,61132],{},"Common iterables include:",[157,61134,61135,61139,61143,61147,61152],{},[160,61136,61137],{},[18,61138,316],{},[160,61140,61141],{},[18,61142,48935],{},[160,61144,61145],{},[18,61146,6274],{},[160,61148,61149],{},[18,61150,61151],{},"string",[160,61153,61154],{},[18,61155,59975],{},[31,61157,61159],{"id":61158},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,61161,61162,61163,1111],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[18,61164,53429],{},[36,61166,61168],{"className":38,"code":61167,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,61169,61170,61194,61219,61223,61238,61242,61252],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61171,61172,61174,61176,61178,61180,61182,61184,61186,61188,61190,61192],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61173,36219],{"class":51},[45,61175,56],{"class":55},[45,61177,60],{"class":59},[45,61179,64],{"class":63},[45,61181,68],{"class":67},[45,61183,64],{"class":63},[45,61185,73],{"class":59},[45,61187,76],{"class":63},[45,61189,79],{"class":67},[45,61191,64],{"class":63},[45,61193,93],{"class":59},[45,61195,61196,61199,61201,61203,61205,61207,61209,61211,61213,61215,61217],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,61197,61198],{"class":51},"more_fruits ",[45,61200,56],{"class":55},[45,61202,60],{"class":59},[45,61204,64],{"class":63},[45,61206,88],{"class":67},[45,61208,64],{"class":63},[45,61210,73],{"class":59},[45,61212,76],{"class":63},[45,61214,1093],{"class":67},[45,61216,64],{"class":63},[45,61218,93],{"class":59},[45,61220,61221],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61222,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,61224,61225,61227,61229,61231,61233,61236],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,61226,36271],{"class":51},[45,61228,102],{"class":59},[45,61230,53459],{"class":105},[45,61232,109],{"class":59},[45,61234,61235],{"class":105},"more_fruits",[45,61237,118],{"class":59},[45,61239,61240],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,61241,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,61243,61244,61246,61248,61250],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,61245,125],{"class":124},[45,61247,109],{"class":59},[45,61249,36271],{"class":105},[45,61251,118],{"class":59},[45,61253,61254],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,61255,61256],{"class":137},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61258,551],{},[157,61260,61261,61266,61271],{},[160,61262,61263,61265],{},[18,61264,36271],{}," starts with two items",[160,61267,61268,61270],{},[18,61269,61235],{}," has two more items",[160,61272,61273,61275,61276,61278,61279],{},[18,61274,53429],{}," adds each item from ",[18,61277,61235],{}," to ",[18,61280,36271],{},[14,61282,61283,61284,61286],{},"After the method runs, ",[18,61285,36271],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61288,54550,61289,1301,61291,102],{},[364,61290,52754],{"href":50961},[364,61292,57132],{"href":57131},[31,61294,61296,10572,61298],{"id":61295},"extend-vs-append",[18,61297,53429],{},[18,61299,52635],{},[14,61301,61302,1301,61304,61306],{},[18,61303,53429],{},[18,61305,52635],{}," are often confused.",[1864,61308,61310,61312],{"id":61309},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[18,61311,53429],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[36,61314,61316],{"className":38,"code":61315,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61317,61318,61334,61352,61356,61366],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61319,61320,61322,61324,61326,61328,61330,61332],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61321,195],{"class":51},[45,61323,56],{"class":55},[45,61325,60],{"class":59},[45,61327,203],{"class":202},[45,61329,73],{"class":59},[45,61331,208],{"class":202},[45,61333,93],{"class":59},[45,61335,61336,61338,61340,61342,61344,61346,61348,61350],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,61337,251],{"class":51},[45,61339,102],{"class":59},[45,61341,53459],{"class":105},[45,61343,2979],{"class":59},[45,61345,2056],{"class":202},[45,61347,73],{"class":59},[45,61349,2450],{"class":202},[45,61351,3880],{"class":59},[45,61353,61354],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61355,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,61357,61358,61360,61362,61364],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,61359,125],{"class":124},[45,61361,109],{"class":59},[45,61363,251],{"class":105},[45,61365,118],{"class":59},[45,61367,61368],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,61369,52706],{"class":137},[1864,61371,61373,61375],{"id":61372},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[18,61374,52635],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[36,61377,61379],{"className":38,"code":61378,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,61380,61381,61397,61415,61419,61429],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61382,61383,61385,61387,61389,61391,61393,61395],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61384,195],{"class":51},[45,61386,56],{"class":55},[45,61388,60],{"class":59},[45,61390,203],{"class":202},[45,61392,73],{"class":59},[45,61394,208],{"class":202},[45,61396,93],{"class":59},[45,61398,61399,61401,61403,61405,61407,61409,61411,61413],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,61400,251],{"class":51},[45,61402,102],{"class":59},[45,61404,13538],{"class":105},[45,61406,2979],{"class":59},[45,61408,2056],{"class":202},[45,61410,73],{"class":59},[45,61412,2450],{"class":202},[45,61414,3880],{"class":59},[45,61416,61417],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61418,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,61420,61421,61423,61425,61427],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,61422,125],{"class":124},[45,61424,109],{"class":59},[45,61426,251],{"class":105},[45,61428,118],{"class":59},[45,61430,61431],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,61432,61433],{"class":137},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61435,18680],{},[157,61437,61438,61443],{},[160,61439,61440,61442],{},[18,61441,53429],{}," to combine values",[160,61444,61445,61447],{},[18,61446,52635],{}," to add one item",[14,61449,42074,61450,1301,61454,102],{},[364,61451,55498,61452,10728],{"href":56746},[18,61453,52635],{},[364,61455,53032],{"href":53031},[31,61457,1736,61459,61461],{"id":61458},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[18,61460,53429],{}," with different iterables",[14,61463,61464,61466],{},[18,61465,53429],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1864,61468,61470],{"id":61469},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[36,61472,61474],{"className":38,"code":61473,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61475,61476,61492,61510,61514,61524],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61477,61478,61480,61482,61484,61486,61488,61490],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61479,3816],{"class":51},[45,61481,56],{"class":55},[45,61483,60],{"class":59},[45,61485,203],{"class":202},[45,61487,73],{"class":59},[45,61489,208],{"class":202},[45,61491,93],{"class":59},[45,61493,61494,61496,61498,61500,61502,61504,61506,61508],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,61495,5350],{"class":51},[45,61497,102],{"class":59},[45,61499,53459],{"class":105},[45,61501,5501],{"class":59},[45,61503,2056],{"class":202},[45,61505,73],{"class":59},[45,61507,2450],{"class":202},[45,61509,1802],{"class":59},[45,61511,61512],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61513,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,61515,61516,61518,61520,61522],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,61517,125],{"class":124},[45,61519,109],{"class":59},[45,61521,5350],{"class":105},[45,61523,118],{"class":59},[45,61525,61526],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,61527,52706],{"class":137},[14,61529,61530],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1864,61532,61534],{"id":61533},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[36,61536,61538],{"className":38,"code":61537,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,61539,61540,61556,61575,61579,61589],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61541,61542,61544,61546,61548,61550,61552,61554],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61543,355],{"class":51},[45,61545,56],{"class":55},[45,61547,60],{"class":59},[45,61549,64],{"class":63},[45,61551,364],{"class":67},[45,61553,64],{"class":63},[45,61555,93],{"class":59},[45,61557,61558,61560,61562,61564,61566,61568,61571,61573],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,61559,391],{"class":51},[45,61561,102],{"class":59},[45,61563,53459],{"class":105},[45,61565,109],{"class":59},[45,61567,64],{"class":63},[45,61569,61570],{"class":67},"bc",[45,61572,64],{"class":63},[45,61574,118],{"class":59},[45,61576,61577],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61578,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,61580,61581,61583,61585,61587],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,61582,125],{"class":124},[45,61584,109],{"class":59},[45,61586,391],{"class":105},[45,61588,118],{"class":59},[45,61590,61591],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,61592,61593],{"class":137},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61595,61596],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1864,61598,61600],{"id":61599},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[36,61602,61604],{"className":38,"code":61603,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,61605,61606,61618,61640,61644,61654],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61607,61608,61610,61612,61614,61616],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61609,195],{"class":51},[45,61611,56],{"class":55},[45,61613,60],{"class":59},[45,61615,2114],{"class":202},[45,61617,93],{"class":59},[45,61619,61620,61622,61624,61626,61628,61630,61632,61634,61636,61638],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,61621,251],{"class":51},[45,61623,102],{"class":59},[45,61625,53459],{"class":105},[45,61627,109],{"class":59},[45,61629,59975],{"class":124},[45,61631,109],{"class":59},[45,61633,203],{"class":202},[45,61635,73],{"class":59},[45,61637,2450],{"class":202},[45,61639,1802],{"class":59},[45,61641,61642],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61643,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,61645,61646,61648,61650,61652],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,61647,125],{"class":124},[45,61649,109],{"class":59},[45,61651,251],{"class":105},[45,61653,118],{"class":59},[45,61655,61656],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,61657,61658],{"class":137},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61660,61661,61664,61665,2185,61667,17058,61669,102],{},[18,61662,61663],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[18,61666,203],{},[18,61668,234],{},[18,61670,2056],{},[1864,61672,61674],{"id":61673},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[36,61676,61678],{"className":38,"code":61677,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,61679,61680,61696,61714,61718],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61681,61682,61684,61686,61688,61690,61692,61694],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61683,52],{"class":51},[45,61685,56],{"class":55},[45,61687,60],{"class":59},[45,61689,203],{"class":202},[45,61691,73],{"class":59},[45,61693,208],{"class":202},[45,61695,93],{"class":59},[45,61697,61698,61700,61702,61704,61706,61708,61710,61712],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,61699,99],{"class":51},[45,61701,102],{"class":59},[45,61703,53459],{"class":105},[45,61705,5520],{"class":59},[45,61707,2056],{"class":202},[45,61709,73],{"class":59},[45,61711,2450],{"class":202},[45,61713,30477],{"class":59},[45,61715,61716],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61717,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,61719,61720,61722,61724,61726],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,61721,125],{"class":124},[45,61723,109],{"class":59},[45,61725,99],{"class":105},[45,61727,118],{"class":59},[14,61729,61730],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[31,61732,61734],{"id":61733},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61736,61737,1326,61739,102],{},[18,61738,53429],{},[18,61740,301],{},[14,61742,61743,61744,1111],{},"That means this is ",[26,61745,61746],{},"wrong",[36,61748,61750],{"className":38,"code":61749,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,61751,61752,61768,61790,61794,61804],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61753,61754,61756,61758,61760,61762,61764,61766],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61755,195],{"class":51},[45,61757,56],{"class":55},[45,61759,60],{"class":59},[45,61761,203],{"class":202},[45,61763,73],{"class":59},[45,61765,208],{"class":202},[45,61767,93],{"class":59},[45,61769,61770,61772,61774,61776,61778,61780,61782,61784,61786,61788],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,61771,220],{"class":51},[45,61773,56],{"class":55},[45,61775,225],{"class":51},[45,61777,102],{"class":59},[45,61779,53459],{"class":105},[45,61781,2979],{"class":59},[45,61783,2056],{"class":202},[45,61785,73],{"class":59},[45,61787,2450],{"class":202},[45,61789,3880],{"class":59},[45,61791,61792],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61793,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,61795,61796,61798,61800,61802],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,61797,125],{"class":124},[45,61799,109],{"class":59},[45,61801,263],{"class":105},[45,61803,118],{"class":59},[45,61805,61806],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,61807,61808],{"class":137},"# None\n",[14,61810,61811],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[36,61813,61815],{"className":38,"code":61814,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[18,61816,61817,61833,61855,61859,61869],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61818,61819,61821,61823,61825,61827,61829,61831],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61820,195],{"class":51},[45,61822,56],{"class":55},[45,61824,60],{"class":59},[45,61826,203],{"class":202},[45,61828,73],{"class":59},[45,61830,208],{"class":202},[45,61832,93],{"class":59},[45,61834,61835,61837,61839,61841,61843,61845,61847,61849,61851,61853],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,61836,195],{"class":51},[45,61838,56],{"class":55},[45,61840,225],{"class":51},[45,61842,102],{"class":59},[45,61844,53459],{"class":105},[45,61846,2979],{"class":59},[45,61848,2056],{"class":202},[45,61850,73],{"class":59},[45,61852,2450],{"class":202},[45,61854,3880],{"class":59},[45,61856,61857],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61858,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,61860,61861,61863,61865,61867],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,61862,125],{"class":124},[45,61864,109],{"class":59},[45,61866,251],{"class":105},[45,61868,118],{"class":59},[45,61870,61871],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,61872,61808],{"class":137},[14,61874,61875],{},"The correct way is:",[36,61877,61878],{"className":38,"code":61315,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,61879,61880,61896,61914,61918,61928],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61881,61882,61884,61886,61888,61890,61892,61894],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61883,195],{"class":51},[45,61885,56],{"class":55},[45,61887,60],{"class":59},[45,61889,203],{"class":202},[45,61891,73],{"class":59},[45,61893,208],{"class":202},[45,61895,93],{"class":59},[45,61897,61898,61900,61902,61904,61906,61908,61910,61912],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,61899,251],{"class":51},[45,61901,102],{"class":59},[45,61903,53459],{"class":105},[45,61905,2979],{"class":59},[45,61907,2056],{"class":202},[45,61909,73],{"class":59},[45,61911,2450],{"class":202},[45,61913,3880],{"class":59},[45,61915,61916],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61917,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,61919,61920,61922,61924,61926],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,61921,125],{"class":124},[45,61923,109],{"class":59},[45,61925,251],{"class":105},[45,61927,118],{"class":59},[45,61929,61930],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,61931,52706],{"class":137},[14,61933,55886,61934,61936],{},[18,61935,53429],{}," first, then use the original list.",[31,61938,4509],{"id":4508},[14,61940,14719,61941,102],{},[18,61942,53429],{},[1864,61944,61946,61947,61949],{"id":61945},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[18,61948,53429],{}," to return a new list",[36,61951,61953],{"className":38,"code":61952,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[18,61954,61955,61971,61993,61997,62007],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61956,61957,61959,61961,61963,61965,61967,61969],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61958,195],{"class":51},[45,61960,56],{"class":55},[45,61962,60],{"class":59},[45,61964,203],{"class":202},[45,61966,73],{"class":59},[45,61968,208],{"class":202},[45,61970,93],{"class":59},[45,61972,61973,61975,61977,61979,61981,61983,61985,61987,61989,61991],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,61974,55619],{"class":51},[45,61976,56],{"class":55},[45,61978,225],{"class":51},[45,61980,102],{"class":59},[45,61982,53459],{"class":105},[45,61984,2979],{"class":59},[45,61986,2056],{"class":202},[45,61988,73],{"class":59},[45,61990,2450],{"class":202},[45,61992,3880],{"class":59},[45,61994,61995],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61996,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,61998,61999,62001,62003,62005],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,62000,125],{"class":124},[45,62002,109],{"class":59},[45,62004,55638],{"class":105},[45,62006,118],{"class":59},[45,62008,62009],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,62010,61808],{"class":137},[14,62012,62013,62014,102],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[18,62015,53429],{},[1864,62017,62019,62020,1739,62022,62024],{"id":62018},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[18,62021,52635],{},[18,62023,53429],{}," is needed",[36,62026,62027],{"className":38,"code":61378,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,62028,62029,62045,62063,62067,62077],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62030,62031,62033,62035,62037,62039,62041,62043],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62032,195],{"class":51},[45,62034,56],{"class":55},[45,62036,60],{"class":59},[45,62038,203],{"class":202},[45,62040,73],{"class":59},[45,62042,208],{"class":202},[45,62044,93],{"class":59},[45,62046,62047,62049,62051,62053,62055,62057,62059,62061],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,62048,251],{"class":51},[45,62050,102],{"class":59},[45,62052,13538],{"class":105},[45,62054,2979],{"class":59},[45,62056,2056],{"class":202},[45,62058,73],{"class":59},[45,62060,2450],{"class":202},[45,62062,3880],{"class":59},[45,62064,62065],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62066,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,62068,62069,62071,62073,62075],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,62070,125],{"class":124},[45,62072,109],{"class":59},[45,62074,251],{"class":105},[45,62076,118],{"class":59},[45,62078,62079],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,62080,61433],{"class":137},[14,62082,62083,62084,53874,62086,6618],{},"If you wanted ",[18,62085,53873],{},[18,62087,53429],{},[1864,62089,62091],{"id":62090},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[36,62093,62095],{"className":38,"code":62094,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,62096,62097,62113,62131,62135,62145],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62098,62099,62101,62103,62105,62107,62109,62111],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62100,4062],{"class":51},[45,62102,56],{"class":55},[45,62104,60],{"class":59},[45,62106,64],{"class":63},[45,62108,3839],{"class":67},[45,62110,64],{"class":63},[45,62112,93],{"class":59},[45,62114,62115,62117,62119,62121,62123,62125,62127,62129],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,62116,4104],{"class":51},[45,62118,102],{"class":59},[45,62120,53459],{"class":105},[45,62122,109],{"class":59},[45,62124,64],{"class":63},[45,62126,60568],{"class":67},[45,62128,64],{"class":63},[45,62130,118],{"class":59},[45,62132,62133],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62134,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,62136,62137,62139,62141,62143],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,62138,125],{"class":124},[45,62140,109],{"class":59},[45,62142,4104],{"class":105},[45,62144,118],{"class":59},[45,62146,62147],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,62148,62149],{"class":137},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,62151,62152,62153,62156,62157,1111],{},"If you want ",[18,62154,62155],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[18,62158,52635],{},[36,62160,62162],{"className":38,"code":62161,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[18,62163,62164,62180,62198,62202,62212],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62165,62166,62168,62170,62172,62174,62176,62178],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62167,4062],{"class":51},[45,62169,56],{"class":55},[45,62171,60],{"class":59},[45,62173,64],{"class":63},[45,62175,3839],{"class":67},[45,62177,64],{"class":63},[45,62179,93],{"class":59},[45,62181,62182,62184,62186,62188,62190,62192,62194,62196],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,62183,4104],{"class":51},[45,62185,102],{"class":59},[45,62187,13538],{"class":105},[45,62189,109],{"class":59},[45,62191,64],{"class":63},[45,62193,60568],{"class":67},[45,62195,64],{"class":63},[45,62197,118],{"class":59},[45,62199,62200],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62201,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,62203,62204,62206,62208,62210],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,62205,125],{"class":124},[45,62207,109],{"class":59},[45,62209,4104],{"class":105},[45,62211,118],{"class":59},[45,62213,62214],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,62215,62216],{"class":137},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1864,62218,62220],{"id":62219},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[36,62222,62224],{"className":38,"code":62223,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[18,62225,62226,62242],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62227,62228,62230,62232,62234,62236,62238,62240],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62229,195],{"class":51},[45,62231,56],{"class":55},[45,62233,60],{"class":59},[45,62235,203],{"class":202},[45,62237,73],{"class":59},[45,62239,208],{"class":202},[45,62241,93],{"class":59},[45,62243,62244,62246,62248,62250,62252,62254],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,62245,251],{"class":51},[45,62247,102],{"class":59},[45,62249,53459],{"class":105},[45,62251,109],{"class":59},[45,62253,2131],{"class":202},[45,62255,118],{"class":59},[14,62257,39635,62258,6538],{},[18,62259,2131],{},[14,62261,62262,62263,62265,62266,62269],{},"You will get a ",[18,62264,2998],{},". See ",[364,62267,62268],{"href":52582},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62271,62272],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[36,62274,62276],{"className":38,"code":62275,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62277,62278,62288,62302,62314],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62279,62280,62282,62284,62286],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62281,125],{"class":124},[45,62283,109],{"class":59},[45,62285,1765],{"class":105},[45,62287,118],{"class":59},[45,62289,62290,62292,62294,62296,62298,62300],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,62291,125],{"class":124},[45,62293,109],{"class":59},[45,62295,1811],{"class":315},[45,62297,109],{"class":59},[45,62299,5350],{"class":105},[45,62301,1802],{"class":59},[45,62303,62304,62306,62308,62310,62312],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62305,125],{"class":124},[45,62307,109],{"class":59},[45,62309,263],{"class":105},[45,62311,3654],{"class":59},[45,62313,118],{"class":51},[45,62315,62316,62318,62320,62322,62324,62326],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,62317,1822],{"class":124},[45,62319,109],{"class":59},[45,62321,316],{"class":315},[45,62323,102],{"class":59},[45,62325,53459],{"class":1831},[45,62327,118],{"class":59},[43562,62329,62330],{},[14,62331,62332,62333,62336,62337,62339,62340,102],{},"Note: ",[18,62334,62335],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[18,62338,3654],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[18,62341,33008],{},[14,62343,62344],{},"Correct debugging example:",[36,62346,62348],{"className":38,"code":62347,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62349,62350,62366,62382,62386,62400,62404,62412,62422,62436,62446],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62351,62352,62354,62356,62358,62360,62362,62364],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62353,8294],{"class":51},[45,62355,56],{"class":55},[45,62357,60],{"class":59},[45,62359,203],{"class":202},[45,62361,73],{"class":59},[45,62363,208],{"class":202},[45,62365,93],{"class":59},[45,62367,62368,62370,62372,62374,62376,62378,62380],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,62369,3816],{"class":51},[45,62371,56],{"class":55},[45,62373,60],{"class":59},[45,62375,2056],{"class":202},[45,62377,73],{"class":59},[45,62379,2450],{"class":202},[45,62381,93],{"class":59},[45,62383,62384],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62385,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,62387,62388,62390,62392,62394,62396,62398],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,62389,1765],{"class":51},[45,62391,102],{"class":59},[45,62393,53459],{"class":105},[45,62395,109],{"class":59},[45,62397,5350],{"class":105},[45,62399,118],{"class":59},[45,62401,62402],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,62403,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,62405,62406,62408,62410],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,62407,220],{"class":51},[45,62409,56],{"class":55},[45,62411,48509],{"class":291},[45,62413,62414,62416,62418,62420],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,62415,125],{"class":124},[45,62417,109],{"class":59},[45,62419,1765],{"class":105},[45,62421,118],{"class":59},[45,62423,62424,62426,62428,62430,62432,62434],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,62425,125],{"class":124},[45,62427,109],{"class":59},[45,62429,1811],{"class":315},[45,62431,109],{"class":59},[45,62433,5350],{"class":105},[45,62435,1802],{"class":59},[45,62437,62438,62440,62442,62444],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,62439,125],{"class":124},[45,62441,109],{"class":59},[45,62443,263],{"class":105},[45,62445,118],{"class":59},[45,62447,62448,62450,62452,62454,62456,62458],{"class":47,"line":6423},[45,62449,1822],{"class":124},[45,62451,109],{"class":59},[45,62453,316],{"class":315},[45,62455,102],{"class":59},[45,62457,53459],{"class":1831},[45,62459,118],{"class":59},[31,62461,4952,62463],{"id":62462},"when-to-use-extend",[18,62464,53429],{},[14,62466,141,62467,6305],{},[18,62468,53429],{},[157,62470,62471,62474,62477],{},[160,62472,62473],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[160,62475,62476],{},"Add multiple values at once",[160,62478,62479],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62481,5462],{},[36,62483,62485],{"className":38,"code":62484,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[18,62486,62487,62504,62522,62526,62542,62546,62556],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62488,62489,62492,62494,62496,62498,62500,62502],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62490,62491],{"class":51},"all_scores ",[45,62493,56],{"class":55},[45,62495,60],{"class":59},[45,62497,13487],{"class":202},[45,62499,73],{"class":59},[45,62501,13492],{"class":202},[45,62503,93],{"class":59},[45,62505,62506,62509,62511,62513,62515,62517,62520],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,62507,62508],{"class":51},"new_scores ",[45,62510,56],{"class":55},[45,62512,60],{"class":59},[45,62514,51487],{"class":202},[45,62516,73],{"class":59},[45,62518,62519],{"class":202}," 92",[45,62521,93],{"class":59},[45,62523,62524],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62525,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,62527,62528,62531,62533,62535,62537,62540],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,62529,62530],{"class":51},"all_scores",[45,62532,102],{"class":59},[45,62534,53459],{"class":105},[45,62536,109],{"class":59},[45,62538,62539],{"class":105},"new_scores",[45,62541,118],{"class":59},[45,62543,62544],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,62545,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,62547,62548,62550,62552,62554],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,62549,125],{"class":124},[45,62551,109],{"class":59},[45,62553,62530],{"class":105},[45,62555,118],{"class":59},[45,62557,62558],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,62559,62560],{"class":137},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62562,62563,62564,62566,62567,102],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[18,62565,52635],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[364,62568,55498,62569,10728],{"href":53891},[18,62570,54251],{},[31,62572,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,62574,175,62576,55448],{"id":62575},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[18,62577,53330],{},[14,62579,62580,62581,102],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,62582,301],{},[1864,62584,5170,62586,1301,62588,2485],{"id":62585},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[18,62587,53429],{},[18,62589,52635],{},[14,62591,62592,62594,62595,62597],{},[18,62593,53429],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[18,62596,52635],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1864,62599,28310,62601,62603],{"id":62600},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[18,62602,53429],{}," with a string?",[14,62605,62606],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1864,62608,28310,62610,62612],{"id":62609},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[18,62611,53429],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62614,62615],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1864,62617,62619,62620,2485],{"id":62618},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[18,62621,53429],{},[14,62623,62624,62625,62627],{},"You get a ",[18,62626,2998],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[31,62629,1909],{"id":1908},[157,62631,62632,62638,62642,62646,62650,62656,62660],{},[160,62633,62634],{},[364,62635,55498,62636,10728],{"href":56746},[18,62637,52635],{},[160,62639,62640],{},[364,62641,54261],{"href":53031},[160,62643,62644],{},[364,62645,57206],{"href":57131},[160,62647,62648],{},[364,62649,52754],{"href":50961},[160,62651,62652],{},[364,62653,55498,62654,10728],{"href":53891},[18,62655,54251],{},[160,62657,62658],{},[364,62659,62268],{"href":52582},[160,62661,62662],{},[364,62663,55498,62664,10728],{"href":54943},[18,62665,12763],{},[14,62667,62668,62669,62671,62672,62674],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[18,62670,52635],{},", when to use ",[18,62673,54251],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1936,62676,62677],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":62679},[62680,62681,62683,62684,62685,62692,62699,62700,62708,62710,62722],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":61077,"depth":96,"text":62682},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":61158,"depth":96,"text":61159},{"id":61295,"depth":96,"text":62686,"children":62687},"extend() vs append()",[62688,62690],{"id":61309,"depth":121,"text":62689},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61372,"depth":121,"text":62691},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61458,"depth":96,"text":62693,"children":62694},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62695,62696,62697,62698],{"id":61469,"depth":121,"text":61470},{"id":61533,"depth":121,"text":61534},{"id":61599,"depth":121,"text":61600},{"id":61673,"depth":121,"text":61674},{"id":61733,"depth":96,"text":61734},{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":62701},[62702,62704,62706,62707],{"id":61945,"depth":121,"text":62703},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62018,"depth":121,"text":62705},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62090,"depth":121,"text":62091},{"id":62219,"depth":121,"text":62220},{"id":62462,"depth":96,"text":62709},"When to use extend()",{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":62711},[62712,62714,62716,62718,62720],{"id":62575,"depth":121,"text":62713},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62585,"depth":121,"text":62715},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62600,"depth":121,"text":62717},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62609,"depth":121,"text":62719},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62618,"depth":121,"text":62721},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60981,"description":62723},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62730,"title":62731,"body":62732,"description":64823,"extension":1958,"meta":64824,"navigation":241,"path":64825,"seo":64826,"stem":64827,"__hash__":64828},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62733,"toc":64786},[62734,62737,62742,62748,62759,62765,62767,62836,62838,62887,62895,62899,62904,62907,62918,62923,62925,62927,62948,62961,62964,62977,62979,62984,63009,63011,63019,63022,63091,63093,63117,63123,63127,63131,63167,63169,63189,63196,63200,63233,63235,63269,63274,63278,63311,63313,63341,63349,63353,63390,63392,63413,63416,63420,63489,63491,63515,63521,63528,63532,63535,63537,63551,63554,63578,63580,63605,63608,63627,63629,63655,63664,63668,63675,63752,63754,63795,63801,63807,63898,63900,63956,63959,63964,63968,63973,63977,64036,64038,64063,64067,64130,64132,64157,64161,64224,64226,64269,64272,64276,64280,64302,64306,64388,64390,64425,64433,64435,64439,64443,64445,64472,64477,64479,64506,64513,64516,64539,64541,64590,64593,64596,64615,64619,64622,64673,64676,64682,64686,64691,64694,64696,64702,64711,64715,64721,64725,64728,64732,64735,64739,64745,64747,64783],[10,62735,62731],{"id":62736},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62738,9108,62739,62741],{},[18,62740,24763],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62743,62744,62745,62747],{},"Beginners usually use ",[18,62746,24763],{}," for two main reasons:",[157,62749,62750,62753],{},[160,62751,62752],{},"to make an empty list",[160,62754,62755,62756,62758],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62757,59975],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62760,62761,62762,62764],{},"This page explains how ",[18,62763,24763],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[31,62766,34],{"id":33},[36,62768,62770],{"className":38,"code":62769,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,62771,62772,62794,62812,62816,62826],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62773,62774,62776,62778,62780,62782,62784,62786,62788,62790,62792],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62775,195],{"class":51},[45,62777,56],{"class":55},[45,62779,1114],{"class":315},[45,62781,5501],{"class":59},[45,62783,203],{"class":202},[45,62785,73],{"class":59},[45,62787,208],{"class":202},[45,62789,73],{"class":59},[45,62791,213],{"class":202},[45,62793,1802],{"class":59},[45,62795,62796,62798,62800,62802,62804,62806,62808,62810],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,62797,355],{"class":51},[45,62799,56],{"class":55},[45,62801,1114],{"class":315},[45,62803,109],{"class":59},[45,62805,64],{"class":63},[45,62807,41541],{"class":67},[45,62809,64],{"class":63},[45,62811,118],{"class":59},[45,62813,62814],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62815,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,62817,62818,62820,62822,62824],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,62819,125],{"class":124},[45,62821,109],{"class":59},[45,62823,251],{"class":105},[45,62825,118],{"class":59},[45,62827,62828,62830,62832,62834],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,62829,125],{"class":124},[45,62831,109],{"class":59},[45,62833,391],{"class":105},[45,62835,118],{"class":59},[14,62837,268],{},[36,62839,62841],{"className":38,"code":62840,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,62842,62843,62859],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62844,62845,62847,62849,62851,62853,62855,62857],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62846,278],{"class":59},[45,62848,203],{"class":202},[45,62850,73],{"class":59},[45,62852,208],{"class":202},[45,62854,73],{"class":59},[45,62856,213],{"class":202},[45,62858,93],{"class":59},[45,62860,62861,62863,62865,62867,62869,62871,62873,62875,62877,62879,62881,62883,62885],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,62862,278],{"class":59},[45,62864,429],{"class":63},[45,62866,364],{"class":67},[45,62868,429],{"class":63},[45,62870,73],{"class":59},[45,62872,438],{"class":63},[45,62874,373],{"class":67},[45,62876,429],{"class":63},[45,62878,73],{"class":59},[45,62880,438],{"class":63},[45,62882,382],{"class":67},[45,62884,429],{"class":63},[45,62886,93],{"class":59},[14,62888,141,62889,62891,62892,62894],{},[18,62890,24763],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62893,59975],{},", set, or dictionary.",[31,62896,62898],{"id":62897},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,62900,62901,62903],{},[18,62902,24763],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,62905,62906],{},"It can:",[157,62908,62909,62912,62915],{},[160,62910,62911],{},"create a new list object",[160,62913,62914],{},"make an empty list",[160,62916,62917],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,62919,62920,62921,102],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[364,62922,52754],{"href":50961},[31,62924,2153],{"id":2152},[14,62926,26469],{},[36,62928,62930],{"className":38,"code":62929,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[18,62931,62932,62938],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62933,62934,62936],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62935,316],{"class":315},[45,62937,8627],{"class":59},[45,62939,62940,62942,62944,62946],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,62941,316],{"class":315},[45,62943,109],{"class":59},[45,62945,3714],{"class":105},[45,62947,118],{"class":59},[157,62949,62950,62955],{},[160,62951,62952,62954],{},[18,62953,24763],{}," makes an empty list",[160,62956,62957,62960],{},[18,62958,62959],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,62962,62963],{},"Common iterable values include:",[157,62965,62966,62968,62970,62972,62975],{},[160,62967,5300],{},[160,62969,5294],{},[160,62971,5297],{},[160,62973,62974],{},"ranges",[160,62976,7238],{},[31,62978,59597],{"id":59596},[14,62980,141,62981,62983],{},[18,62982,24763],{}," with no arguments:",[36,62985,62987],{"className":38,"code":62986,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[18,62988,62989,62999],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62990,62991,62993,62995,62997],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62992,52],{"class":51},[45,62994,56],{"class":55},[45,62996,1114],{"class":315},[45,62998,8627],{"class":59},[45,63000,63001,63003,63005,63007],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,63002,125],{"class":124},[45,63004,109],{"class":59},[45,63006,99],{"class":105},[45,63008,118],{"class":59},[14,63010,268],{},[36,63012,63013],{"className":38,"code":38278,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,63014,63015],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63016,63017],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63018,38278],{"class":59},[14,63020,63021],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[36,63023,63025],{"className":38,"code":63024,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,63026,63027,63037,63041,63059,63077,63081],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63028,63029,63031,63033,63035],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63030,52],{"class":51},[45,63032,56],{"class":55},[45,63034,1114],{"class":315},[45,63036,8627],{"class":59},[45,63038,63039],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,63040,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,63042,63043,63045,63047,63049,63051,63053,63055,63057],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63044,99],{"class":51},[45,63046,102],{"class":59},[45,63048,13538],{"class":105},[45,63050,109],{"class":59},[45,63052,64],{"class":63},[45,63054,68],{"class":67},[45,63056,64],{"class":63},[45,63058,118],{"class":59},[45,63060,63061,63063,63065,63067,63069,63071,63073,63075],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,63062,99],{"class":51},[45,63064,102],{"class":59},[45,63066,13538],{"class":105},[45,63068,109],{"class":59},[45,63070,64],{"class":63},[45,63072,79],{"class":67},[45,63074,64],{"class":63},[45,63076,118],{"class":59},[45,63078,63079],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,63080,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,63082,63083,63085,63087,63089],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,63084,125],{"class":124},[45,63086,109],{"class":59},[45,63088,99],{"class":105},[45,63090,118],{"class":59},[14,63092,268],{},[36,63094,63095],{"className":38,"code":38404,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,63096,63097],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63098,63099,63101,63103,63105,63107,63109,63111,63113,63115],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63100,278],{"class":59},[45,63102,429],{"class":63},[45,63104,68],{"class":67},[45,63106,429],{"class":63},[45,63108,73],{"class":59},[45,63110,438],{"class":63},[45,63112,79],{"class":67},[45,63114,429],{"class":63},[45,63116,93],{"class":59},[14,63118,63119,63120,63122],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[18,63121,3780],{},". Both are valid.",[31,63124,63126],{"id":63125},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1864,63128,63130],{"id":63129},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[36,63132,63133],{"className":38,"code":59895,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,63134,63135,63157],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63136,63137,63139,63141,63143,63145,63147,63149,63151,63153,63155],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63138,195],{"class":51},[45,63140,56],{"class":55},[45,63142,1114],{"class":315},[45,63144,5501],{"class":59},[45,63146,203],{"class":202},[45,63148,73],{"class":59},[45,63150,208],{"class":202},[45,63152,73],{"class":59},[45,63154,213],{"class":202},[45,63156,1802],{"class":59},[45,63158,63159,63161,63163,63165],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,63160,125],{"class":124},[45,63162,109],{"class":59},[45,63164,251],{"class":105},[45,63166,118],{"class":59},[14,63168,268],{},[36,63170,63171],{"className":38,"code":55129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,63172,63173],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63174,63175,63177,63179,63181,63183,63185,63187],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63176,278],{"class":59},[45,63178,203],{"class":202},[45,63180,73],{"class":59},[45,63182,208],{"class":202},[45,63184,73],{"class":59},[45,63186,213],{"class":202},[45,63188,93],{"class":59},[14,63190,63191,63192,102],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[364,63193,63195],{"href":63194},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1864,63197,63199],{"id":63198},"string-to-list","String to list",[36,63201,63203],{"className":38,"code":63202,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,63204,63205,63223],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63206,63207,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219,63221],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63208,355],{"class":51},[45,63210,56],{"class":55},[45,63212,1114],{"class":315},[45,63214,109],{"class":59},[45,63216,64],{"class":63},[45,63218,37027],{"class":67},[45,63220,64],{"class":63},[45,63222,118],{"class":59},[45,63224,63225,63227,63229,63231],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,63226,125],{"class":124},[45,63228,109],{"class":59},[45,63230,391],{"class":105},[45,63232,118],{"class":59},[14,63234,268],{},[36,63236,63238],{"className":38,"code":63237,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[18,63239,63240],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63241,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256,63258,63260,63262,63265,63267],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63243,278],{"class":59},[45,63245,429],{"class":63},[45,63247,382],{"class":67},[45,63249,429],{"class":63},[45,63251,73],{"class":59},[45,63253,438],{"class":63},[45,63255,364],{"class":67},[45,63257,429],{"class":63},[45,63259,73],{"class":59},[45,63261,438],{"class":63},[45,63263,63264],{"class":67},"t",[45,63266,429],{"class":63},[45,63268,93],{"class":59},[14,63270,63271,63273],{},[18,63272,24763],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1864,63275,63277],{"id":63276},"range-to-list","Range to list",[36,63279,63281],{"className":38,"code":63280,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,63282,63283,63301],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63284,63285,63287,63289,63291,63293,63295,63297,63299],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63286,195],{"class":51},[45,63288,56],{"class":55},[45,63290,1114],{"class":315},[45,63292,109],{"class":59},[45,63294,59975],{"class":124},[45,63296,109],{"class":59},[45,63298,2131],{"class":202},[45,63300,1802],{"class":59},[45,63302,63303,63305,63307,63309],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,63304,125],{"class":124},[45,63306,109],{"class":59},[45,63308,251],{"class":105},[45,63310,118],{"class":59},[14,63312,268],{},[36,63314,63315],{"className":38,"code":59998,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,63316,63317],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63318,63319,63321,63323,63325,63327,63329,63331,63333,63335,63337,63339],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63320,278],{"class":59},[45,63322,2114],{"class":202},[45,63324,73],{"class":59},[45,63326,5488],{"class":202},[45,63328,73],{"class":59},[45,63330,208],{"class":202},[45,63332,73],{"class":59},[45,63334,213],{"class":202},[45,63336,73],{"class":59},[45,63338,2450],{"class":202},[45,63340,93],{"class":59},[14,63342,63343,63344,63348],{},"This is common when working with ",[364,63345,63346],{"href":36175},[18,63347,36178],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1864,63350,63352],{"id":63351},"set-to-list","Set to list",[36,63354,63356],{"className":38,"code":63355,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[18,63357,63358,63380],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63359,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63361,3816],{"class":51},[45,63363,56],{"class":55},[45,63365,1114],{"class":315},[45,63367,5520],{"class":59},[45,63369,585],{"class":202},[45,63371,73],{"class":59},[45,63373,590],{"class":202},[45,63375,73],{"class":59},[45,63377,595],{"class":202},[45,63379,30477],{"class":59},[45,63381,63382,63384,63386,63388],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,63383,125],{"class":124},[45,63385,109],{"class":59},[45,63387,5350],{"class":105},[45,63389,118],{"class":59},[14,63391,16944],{},[36,63393,63395],{"className":38,"code":63394,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,63396,63397],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63398,63399,63401,63403,63405,63407,63409,63411],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63400,278],{"class":59},[45,63402,585],{"class":202},[45,63404,73],{"class":59},[45,63406,590],{"class":202},[45,63408,73],{"class":59},[45,63410,595],{"class":202},[45,63412,93],{"class":59},[14,63414,63415],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1864,63417,63419],{"id":63418},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[36,63421,63423],{"className":38,"code":63422,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,63424,63425,63461,63475,63479],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63426,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443,63445,63447,63449,63451,63453,63455,63457,63459],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63428,13189],{"class":51},[45,63430,56],{"class":55},[45,63432,10477],{"class":59},[45,63434,64],{"class":63},[45,63436,7656],{"class":67},[45,63438,64],{"class":63},[45,63440,1111],{"class":59},[45,63442,76],{"class":63},[45,63444,12867],{"class":67},[45,63446,64],{"class":63},[45,63448,73],{"class":59},[45,63450,76],{"class":63},[45,63452,9285],{"class":67},[45,63454,64],{"class":63},[45,63456,1111],{"class":59},[45,63458,9292],{"class":202},[45,63460,9295],{"class":59},[45,63462,63463,63465,63467,63469,63471,63473],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,63464,220],{"class":51},[45,63466,56],{"class":55},[45,63468,1114],{"class":315},[45,63470,109],{"class":59},[45,63472,17293],{"class":105},[45,63474,118],{"class":59},[45,63476,63477],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63478,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,63480,63481,63483,63485,63487],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,63482,125],{"class":124},[45,63484,109],{"class":59},[45,63486,263],{"class":105},[45,63488,118],{"class":59},[14,63490,268],{},[36,63492,63493],{"className":38,"code":25463,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,63494,63495],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63496,63497,63499,63501,63503,63505,63507,63509,63511,63513],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63498,278],{"class":59},[45,63500,429],{"class":63},[45,63502,7656],{"class":67},[45,63504,429],{"class":63},[45,63506,73],{"class":59},[45,63508,438],{"class":63},[45,63510,9285],{"class":67},[45,63512,429],{"class":63},[45,63514,93],{"class":59},[14,63516,63517,63518,63520],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[18,63519,24763],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63522,63523,63524,102],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[364,63525,63527],{"href":63526},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[31,63529,63531],{"id":63530},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63533,63534],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63536,61132],{},[157,63538,63539,63541,63543,63545,63547,63549],{},[160,63540,5291],{},[160,63542,5294],{},[160,63544,5300],{},[160,63546,5297],{},[160,63548,62974],{},[160,63550,7238],{},[14,63552,63553],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[36,63555,63557],{"className":38,"code":63556,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[18,63558,63559],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63560,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571,63574,63576],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63562,125],{"class":124},[45,63564,109],{"class":59},[45,63566,316],{"class":315},[45,63568,109],{"class":59},[45,63570,64],{"class":63},[45,63572,63573],{"class":67},"hi",[45,63575,64],{"class":63},[45,63577,1802],{"class":59},[14,63579,268],{},[36,63581,63583],{"className":38,"code":63582,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['h', 'i']\n",[18,63584,63585],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63586,63587,63589,63591,63593,63595,63597,63599,63601,63603],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63588,278],{"class":59},[45,63590,429],{"class":63},[45,63592,60415],{"class":67},[45,63594,429],{"class":63},[45,63596,73],{"class":59},[45,63598,438],{"class":63},[45,63600,36134],{"class":67},[45,63602,429],{"class":63},[45,63604,93],{"class":59},[14,63606,63607],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[36,63609,63611],{"className":38,"code":63610,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(5))\n",[18,63612,63613],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63614,63615,63617,63619,63621,63623,63625],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63616,125],{"class":124},[45,63618,109],{"class":59},[45,63620,316],{"class":315},[45,63622,109],{"class":59},[45,63624,2131],{"class":202},[45,63626,1802],{"class":59},[14,63628,268],{},[36,63630,63632],{"className":38,"code":63631,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[18,63633,63634],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63635,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63637,2998],{"class":315},[45,63639,1111],{"class":59},[45,63641,438],{"class":63},[45,63643,2184],{"class":67},[45,63645,429],{"class":63},[45,63647,24600],{"class":315},[45,63649,8082],{"class":55},[45,63651,8085],{"class":55},[45,63653,63654],{"class":51}," iterable\n",[14,63656,63657,63658,63660,63661,102],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[364,63659,5127],{"href":5577},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[364,63662,63663],{"href":52582},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[31,63665,63667],{"id":63666},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63669,63670,63671,63674],{},"If you already have a list, ",[18,63672,63673],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[36,63676,63678],{"className":38,"code":63677,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,63679,63680,63700,63714,63718,63728,63738],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63681,63682,63684,63686,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63683,12074],{"class":51},[45,63685,56],{"class":55},[45,63687,60],{"class":59},[45,63689,203],{"class":202},[45,63691,73],{"class":59},[45,63693,208],{"class":202},[45,63695,73],{"class":59},[45,63697,213],{"class":202},[45,63699,93],{"class":59},[45,63701,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710,63712],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,63703,14297],{"class":51},[45,63705,56],{"class":55},[45,63707,1114],{"class":315},[45,63709,109],{"class":59},[45,63711,12121],{"class":105},[45,63713,118],{"class":59},[45,63715,63716],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63717,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,63719,63720,63722,63724,63726],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,63721,125],{"class":124},[45,63723,109],{"class":59},[45,63725,12121],{"class":105},[45,63727,118],{"class":59},[45,63729,63730,63732,63734,63736],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,63731,125],{"class":124},[45,63733,109],{"class":59},[45,63735,14316],{"class":105},[45,63737,118],{"class":59},[45,63739,63740,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,63741,125],{"class":124},[45,63743,109],{"class":59},[45,63745,12074],{"class":105},[45,63747,12182],{"class":969},[45,63749,14370],{"class":105},[45,63751,118],{"class":59},[14,63753,268],{},[36,63755,63757],{"className":38,"code":63756,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[18,63758,63759,63775,63791],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63760,63761,63763,63765,63767,63769,63771,63773],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63762,278],{"class":59},[45,63764,203],{"class":202},[45,63766,73],{"class":59},[45,63768,208],{"class":202},[45,63770,73],{"class":59},[45,63772,213],{"class":202},[45,63774,93],{"class":59},[45,63776,63777,63779,63781,63783,63785,63787,63789],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,63778,278],{"class":59},[45,63780,203],{"class":202},[45,63782,73],{"class":59},[45,63784,208],{"class":202},[45,63786,73],{"class":59},[45,63788,213],{"class":202},[45,63790,93],{"class":59},[45,63792,63793],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63794,4032],{"class":291},[14,63796,63797,63798,63800],{},"This means ",[18,63799,14316],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63802,63803,63804,63806],{},"However, this is only a ",[26,63805,12837],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[36,63808,63810],{"className":38,"code":63809,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,63811,63812,63838,63852,63856,63874,63878,63888],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63813,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822,63824,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63815,12074],{"class":51},[45,63817,56],{"class":55},[45,63819,56271],{"class":59},[45,63821,203],{"class":202},[45,63823,73],{"class":59},[45,63825,208],{"class":202},[45,63827,18047],{"class":59},[45,63829,60],{"class":59},[45,63831,2056],{"class":202},[45,63833,73],{"class":59},[45,63835,2450],{"class":202},[45,63837,53225],{"class":59},[45,63839,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,63841,14297],{"class":51},[45,63843,56],{"class":55},[45,63845,1114],{"class":315},[45,63847,109],{"class":59},[45,63849,12121],{"class":105},[45,63851,118],{"class":59},[45,63853,63854],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63855,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,63857,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,63859,14316],{"class":51},[45,63861,278],{"class":59},[45,63863,2114],{"class":202},[45,63865,13535],{"class":59},[45,63867,13538],{"class":105},[45,63869,109],{"class":59},[45,63871,56324],{"class":202},[45,63873,118],{"class":59},[45,63875,63876],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,63877,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,63879,63880,63882,63884,63886],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,63881,125],{"class":124},[45,63883,109],{"class":59},[45,63885,12121],{"class":105},[45,63887,118],{"class":59},[45,63889,63890,63892,63894,63896],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,63891,125],{"class":124},[45,63893,109],{"class":59},[45,63895,14316],{"class":105},[45,63897,118],{"class":59},[14,63899,268],{},[36,63901,63902],{"className":38,"code":56355,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,63903,63904,63930],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63905,63906,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916,63918,63920,63922,63924,63926,63928],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63907,56362],{"class":59},[45,63909,203],{"class":202},[45,63911,73],{"class":59},[45,63913,208],{"class":202},[45,63915,73],{"class":59},[45,63917,10183],{"class":202},[45,63919,18047],{"class":59},[45,63921,60],{"class":59},[45,63923,2056],{"class":202},[45,63925,73],{"class":59},[45,63927,2450],{"class":202},[45,63929,53225],{"class":59},[45,63931,63932,63934,63936,63938,63940,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,63933,56362],{"class":59},[45,63935,203],{"class":202},[45,63937,73],{"class":59},[45,63939,208],{"class":202},[45,63941,73],{"class":59},[45,63943,10183],{"class":202},[45,63945,18047],{"class":59},[45,63947,60],{"class":59},[45,63949,2056],{"class":202},[45,63951,73],{"class":59},[45,63953,2450],{"class":202},[45,63955,53225],{"class":59},[14,63957,63958],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,63960,63961,63962,102],{},"For more on this, see ",[364,63963,13776],{"href":13775},[31,63965,63967],{"id":63966},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,63969,63970,63971,102],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[18,63972,24763],{},[1864,63974,63976],{"id":63975},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[36,63978,63980],{"className":38,"code":63979,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[18,63981,63982,64022],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63983,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016,64018,64020],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63985,12850],{"class":51},[45,63987,56],{"class":55},[45,63989,10477],{"class":59},[45,63991,64],{"class":63},[45,63993,7656],{"class":67},[45,63995,64],{"class":63},[45,63997,1111],{"class":59},[45,63999,76],{"class":63},[45,64001,7907],{"class":67},[45,64003,64],{"class":63},[45,64005,73],{"class":59},[45,64007,76],{"class":63},[45,64009,19877],{"class":67},[45,64011,64],{"class":63},[45,64013,1111],{"class":59},[45,64015,76],{"class":63},[45,64017,22229],{"class":67},[45,64019,64],{"class":63},[45,64021,9295],{"class":59},[45,64023,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032,64034],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,64025,125],{"class":124},[45,64027,109],{"class":59},[45,64029,316],{"class":315},[45,64031,109],{"class":59},[45,64033,13611],{"class":105},[45,64035,1802],{"class":59},[14,64037,268],{},[36,64039,64041],{"className":38,"code":64040,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['name', 'grade']\n",[18,64042,64043],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64044,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64046,278],{"class":59},[45,64048,429],{"class":63},[45,64050,7656],{"class":67},[45,64052,429],{"class":63},[45,64054,73],{"class":59},[45,64056,438],{"class":63},[45,64058,19877],{"class":67},[45,64060,429],{"class":63},[45,64062,93],{"class":59},[1864,64064,64066],{"id":64065},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[36,64068,64070],{"className":38,"code":64069,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[18,64071,64072,64112],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64073,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098,64100,64102,64104,64106,64108,64110],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64075,12850],{"class":51},[45,64077,56],{"class":55},[45,64079,10477],{"class":59},[45,64081,64],{"class":63},[45,64083,7656],{"class":67},[45,64085,64],{"class":63},[45,64087,1111],{"class":59},[45,64089,76],{"class":63},[45,64091,7907],{"class":67},[45,64093,64],{"class":63},[45,64095,73],{"class":59},[45,64097,76],{"class":63},[45,64099,19877],{"class":67},[45,64101,64],{"class":63},[45,64103,1111],{"class":59},[45,64105,76],{"class":63},[45,64107,22229],{"class":67},[45,64109,64],{"class":63},[45,64111,9295],{"class":59},[45,64113,64114,64116,64118,64120,64122,64124,64126,64128],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,64115,125],{"class":124},[45,64117,109],{"class":59},[45,64119,316],{"class":315},[45,64121,109],{"class":59},[45,64123,13611],{"class":105},[45,64125,102],{"class":59},[45,64127,5350],{"class":105},[45,64129,6277],{"class":59},[14,64131,268],{},[36,64133,64135],{"className":38,"code":64134,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[18,64136,64137],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64138,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64140,278],{"class":59},[45,64142,429],{"class":63},[45,64144,7907],{"class":67},[45,64146,429],{"class":63},[45,64148,73],{"class":59},[45,64150,438],{"class":63},[45,64152,22229],{"class":67},[45,64154,429],{"class":63},[45,64156,93],{"class":59},[1864,64158,64160],{"id":64159},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[36,64162,64164],{"className":38,"code":64163,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[18,64165,64166,64206],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64167,64168,64170,64172,64174,64176,64178,64180,64182,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192,64194,64196,64198,64200,64202,64204],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64169,12850],{"class":51},[45,64171,56],{"class":55},[45,64173,10477],{"class":59},[45,64175,64],{"class":63},[45,64177,7656],{"class":67},[45,64179,64],{"class":63},[45,64181,1111],{"class":59},[45,64183,76],{"class":63},[45,64185,7907],{"class":67},[45,64187,64],{"class":63},[45,64189,73],{"class":59},[45,64191,76],{"class":63},[45,64193,19877],{"class":67},[45,64195,64],{"class":63},[45,64197,1111],{"class":59},[45,64199,76],{"class":63},[45,64201,22229],{"class":67},[45,64203,64],{"class":63},[45,64205,9295],{"class":59},[45,64207,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220,64222],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,64209,125],{"class":124},[45,64211,109],{"class":59},[45,64213,316],{"class":315},[45,64215,109],{"class":59},[45,64217,13611],{"class":105},[45,64219,102],{"class":59},[45,64221,99],{"class":105},[45,64223,6277],{"class":59},[14,64225,268],{},[36,64227,64229],{"className":38,"code":64228,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[18,64230,64231],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64232,64233,64235,64237,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64234,21724],{"class":59},[45,64236,429],{"class":63},[45,64238,7656],{"class":67},[45,64240,429],{"class":63},[45,64242,73],{"class":59},[45,64244,438],{"class":63},[45,64246,7907],{"class":67},[45,64248,429],{"class":63},[45,64250,9219],{"class":59},[45,64252,9222],{"class":59},[45,64254,429],{"class":63},[45,64256,19877],{"class":67},[45,64258,429],{"class":63},[45,64260,73],{"class":59},[45,64262,438],{"class":63},[45,64264,22229],{"class":67},[45,64266,429],{"class":63},[45,64268,9235],{"class":59},[14,64270,64271],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[31,64273,64275],{"id":64274},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64277,141,64278,10588],{},[18,64279,24763],{},[157,64281,64282,64290,64299],{},[160,64283,64284,64285,1742,64287],{},"you need list methods like ",[18,64286,52635],{},[18,64288,64289],{},"sort()",[160,64291,64292,64293,1742,64295,64298],{},"you want to convert ",[18,64294,36178],{},[18,64296,64297],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[160,64300,64301],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64303,1336,64304,1111],{},[18,64305,64297],{},[36,64307,64309],{"className":38,"code":64308,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,64310,64311,64335,64351,64355,64378],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64312,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325,64327,64329,64331,64333],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64314,4986],{"class":51},[45,64316,56],{"class":55},[45,64318,60],{"class":59},[45,64320,64],{"class":63},[45,64322,12867],{"class":67},[45,64324,64],{"class":63},[45,64326,73],{"class":59},[45,64328,76],{"class":63},[45,64330,35922],{"class":67},[45,64332,64],{"class":63},[45,64334,93],{"class":59},[45,64336,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345,64347,64349],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,64338,578],{"class":51},[45,64340,56],{"class":55},[45,64342,60],{"class":59},[45,64344,13487],{"class":202},[45,64346,73],{"class":59},[45,64348,13492],{"class":202},[45,64350,93],{"class":59},[45,64352,64353],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,64354,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,64356,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64368,64370,64372,64374,64376],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,64358,9201],{"class":51},[45,64360,56],{"class":55},[45,64362,1114],{"class":315},[45,64364,109],{"class":59},[45,64366,64367],{"class":124},"zip",[45,64369,109],{"class":59},[45,64371,5030],{"class":105},[45,64373,73],{"class":59},[45,64375,5101],{"class":105},[45,64377,1802],{"class":59},[45,64379,64380,64382,64384,64386],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,64381,125],{"class":124},[45,64383,109],{"class":59},[45,64385,9248],{"class":105},[45,64387,118],{"class":59},[14,64389,268],{},[36,64391,64393],{"className":38,"code":64392,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[18,64394,64395],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64396,64397,64399,64401,64403,64405,64407,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419,64421,64423],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64398,21724],{"class":59},[45,64400,429],{"class":63},[45,64402,12867],{"class":67},[45,64404,429],{"class":63},[45,64406,73],{"class":59},[45,64408,19884],{"class":202},[45,64410,9219],{"class":59},[45,64412,9222],{"class":59},[45,64414,429],{"class":63},[45,64416,35922],{"class":67},[45,64418,429],{"class":63},[45,64420,73],{"class":59},[45,64422,13492],{"class":202},[45,64424,9235],{"class":59},[14,64426,64427,64428,64430,64431,102],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[18,64429,52635],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[364,64432,53032],{"href":53031},[31,64434,4509],{"id":4508},[14,64436,56753,64437,102],{},[18,64438,24763],{},[1864,64440,64442],{"id":64441},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64444,4516],{},[36,64446,64448],{"className":38,"code":64447,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,64449,64450,64454],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64451,64452],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64453,4526],{"class":137},[45,64455,64456,64458,64460,64462,64464,64466,64468,64470],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,64457,316],{"class":315},[45,64459,109],{"class":59},[45,64461,203],{"class":202},[45,64463,73],{"class":59},[45,64465,208],{"class":202},[45,64467,73],{"class":59},[45,64469,213],{"class":202},[45,64471,118],{"class":59},[14,64473,64474,64476],{},[18,64475,24763],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64478,18680],{},[36,64480,64482],{"className":38,"code":64481,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[18,64483,64484],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64485,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64487,125],{"class":124},[45,64489,109],{"class":59},[45,64491,316],{"class":315},[45,64493,5501],{"class":59},[45,64495,203],{"class":202},[45,64497,73],{"class":59},[45,64499,208],{"class":202},[45,64501,73],{"class":59},[45,64503,213],{"class":202},[45,64505,2905],{"class":59},[1864,64507,64509,64510],{"id":64508},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[45,64511,64512],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64514,64515],{},"This is a common surprise:",[36,64517,64519],{"className":38,"code":64518,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[18,64520,64521],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64522,64523,64525,64527,64529,64531,64533,64535,64537],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64524,125],{"class":124},[45,64526,109],{"class":59},[45,64528,316],{"class":315},[45,64530,109],{"class":59},[45,64532,64],{"class":63},[45,64534,3839],{"class":67},[45,64536,64],{"class":63},[45,64538,1802],{"class":59},[14,64540,268],{},[36,64542,64544],{"className":38,"code":64543,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[18,64545,64546],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64547,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574,64576,64578,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64549,278],{"class":59},[45,64551,429],{"class":63},[45,64553,60415],{"class":67},[45,64555,429],{"class":63},[45,64557,73],{"class":59},[45,64559,438],{"class":63},[45,64561,60424],{"class":67},[45,64563,429],{"class":63},[45,64565,73],{"class":59},[45,64567,438],{"class":63},[45,64569,60433],{"class":67},[45,64571,429],{"class":63},[45,64573,73],{"class":59},[45,64575,438],{"class":63},[45,64577,60433],{"class":67},[45,64579,429],{"class":63},[45,64581,73],{"class":59},[45,64583,438],{"class":63},[45,64585,60450],{"class":67},[45,64587,429],{"class":63},[45,64589,93],{"class":59},[14,64591,64592],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64594,64595],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[36,64597,64599],{"className":38,"code":64598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[18,64600,64601],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64602,64603,64605,64607,64609,64611,64613],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64604,125],{"class":124},[45,64606,2979],{"class":59},[45,64608,64],{"class":63},[45,64610,3839],{"class":67},[45,64612,64],{"class":63},[45,64614,3880],{"class":59},[1864,64616,64618],{"id":64617},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64620,64621],{},"This:",[36,64623,64625],{"className":38,"code":64624,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[18,64626,64627,64659],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64628,64629,64631,64633,64635,64637,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651,64653,64655,64657],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64630,9151],{"class":51},[45,64632,56],{"class":55},[45,64634,10477],{"class":59},[45,64636,64],{"class":63},[45,64638,364],{"class":67},[45,64640,64],{"class":63},[45,64642,1111],{"class":59},[45,64644,5488],{"class":202},[45,64646,73],{"class":59},[45,64648,76],{"class":63},[45,64650,373],{"class":67},[45,64652,64],{"class":63},[45,64654,1111],{"class":59},[45,64656,208],{"class":202},[45,64658,9295],{"class":59},[45,64660,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669,64671],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,64662,125],{"class":124},[45,64664,109],{"class":59},[45,64666,316],{"class":315},[45,64668,109],{"class":59},[45,64670,9190],{"class":105},[45,64672,1802],{"class":59},[14,64674,64675],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64677,141,64678,64681],{},[18,64679,64680],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1864,64683,64685],{"id":64684},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64687,64688,64690],{},[18,64689,24763],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64692,64693],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[31,64695,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,64697,5170,64699,64701],{"id":64698},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[45,64700],{}," and list()?",[14,64703,64704,64705,64707,64708,64710],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[18,64706,3780],{}," is shorter. ",[18,64709,24763],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1864,64712,64714],{"id":64713},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64716,64717,64718,64720],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[18,64719,24763],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1864,64722,64724],{"id":64723},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64726,64727],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1864,64729,64731],{"id":64730},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64733,64734],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1864,64736,64738],{"id":64737},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64740,64741,64742,64744],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[18,64743,24763],{}," cannot loop through it.",[31,64746,1909],{"id":1908},[157,64748,64749,64753,64758,64762,64766,64770,64774,64779],{},[160,64750,64751],{},[364,64752,52754],{"href":50961},[160,64754,64755],{},[364,64756,64757],{"href":36175},"Python range() function explained",[160,64759,64760],{},[364,64761,63195],{"href":63194},[160,64763,64764],{},[364,64765,63527],{"href":63526},[160,64767,64768],{},[364,64769,5207],{"href":5577},[160,64771,64772],{},[364,64773,13776],{"href":13775},[160,64775,64776],{},[364,64777,64778],{"href":52582},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[160,64780,64781],{},[364,64782,54261],{"href":53031},[1936,64784,64785],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":64787},[64788,64789,64790,64791,64792,64799,64800,64801,64806,64807,64814,64822],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":62897,"depth":96,"text":62898},{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":59596,"depth":96,"text":59597},{"id":63125,"depth":96,"text":63126,"children":64793},[64794,64795,64796,64797,64798],{"id":63129,"depth":121,"text":63130},{"id":63198,"depth":121,"text":63199},{"id":63276,"depth":121,"text":63277},{"id":63351,"depth":121,"text":63352},{"id":63418,"depth":121,"text":63419},{"id":63530,"depth":96,"text":63531},{"id":63666,"depth":96,"text":63667},{"id":63966,"depth":96,"text":63967,"children":64802},[64803,64804,64805],{"id":63975,"depth":121,"text":63976},{"id":64065,"depth":121,"text":64066},{"id":64159,"depth":121,"text":64160},{"id":64274,"depth":96,"text":64275},{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":64808},[64809,64810,64812,64813],{"id":64441,"depth":121,"text":64442},{"id":64508,"depth":121,"text":64811},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64617,"depth":121,"text":64618},{"id":64684,"depth":121,"text":64685},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":64815},[64816,64818,64819,64820,64821],{"id":64698,"depth":121,"text":64817},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64713,"depth":121,"text":64714},{"id":64723,"depth":121,"text":64724},{"id":64730,"depth":121,"text":64731},{"id":64737,"depth":121,"text":64738},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62731,"description":64823},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64830,"title":64831,"body":64832,"description":66176,"extension":1958,"meta":66177,"navigation":241,"path":66178,"seo":66179,"stem":66180,"__hash__":66181},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64833,"toc":66150},[64834,64839,64845,64854,64856,64929,64938,64943,64947,64963,64967,64969,64971,64990,64993,65021,65024,65049,65057,65059,65064,65071,65073,65130,65132,65140,65145,65149,65151,65224,65226,65234,65237,65259,65266,65272,65276,65282,65353,65355,65363,65372,65379,65386,65394,65538,65540,65557,65560,65599,65602,65604,65608,65610,65669,65675,65678,65785,65787,65802,65805,65811,65813,65817,65965,65968,66029,66032,66035,66056,66061,66065,66076,66079,66081,66086,66089,66097,66102,66108,66111,66117,66125,66127,66147],[10,64835,54325,64837,11311],{"id":64836},"python-list-index-method",[18,64838,58944],{},[14,64840,64841,64844],{},[18,64842,64843],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64846,64847,64848,64851,64852,102],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[26,64849,64850],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,64853,1041],{},[31,64855,3603],{"id":3602},[36,64857,64859],{"className":38,"code":64858,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,64860,64861,64893,64916],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64862,64863,64865,64867,64869,64871,64873,64875,64877,64879,64881,64883,64885,64887,64889,64891],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64864,52],{"class":51},[45,64866,56],{"class":55},[45,64868,60],{"class":59},[45,64870,64],{"class":63},[45,64872,68],{"class":67},[45,64874,64],{"class":63},[45,64876,73],{"class":59},[45,64878,76],{"class":63},[45,64880,79],{"class":67},[45,64882,64],{"class":63},[45,64884,73],{"class":59},[45,64886,76],{"class":63},[45,64888,4087],{"class":67},[45,64890,64],{"class":63},[45,64892,93],{"class":59},[45,64894,64895,64898,64900,64902,64904,64906,64908,64910,64912,64914],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,64896,64897],{"class":51},"position ",[45,64899,56],{"class":55},[45,64901,1210],{"class":51},[45,64903,102],{"class":59},[45,64905,1321],{"class":105},[45,64907,109],{"class":59},[45,64909,64],{"class":63},[45,64911,79],{"class":67},[45,64913,64],{"class":63},[45,64915,118],{"class":59},[45,64917,64918,64920,64922,64925,64927],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,64919,125],{"class":124},[45,64921,109],{"class":59},[45,64923,64924],{"class":105},"position",[45,64926,3654],{"class":59},[45,64928,27761],{"class":137},[14,64930,141,64931,64934,64935,64937],{},[18,64932,64933],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[18,64936,1041],{}," if the item is not found.",[31,64939,3671,64941,3674],{"id":64940},"what-listindex-does",[18,64942,64843],{},[14,64944,64945,1111],{},[18,64946,64843],{},[157,64948,64949,64952,64955,64960],{},[160,64950,64951],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[160,64953,64954],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[160,64956,64957,64958],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[18,64959,2114],{},[160,64961,64962],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,64964,54550,64965,102],{},[364,64966,52754],{"href":54553},[31,64968,2153],{"id":2152},[14,64970,30706],{},[36,64972,64974],{"className":38,"code":64973,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.index(value)\n",[18,64975,64976],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64977,64978,64980,64982,64984,64986,64988],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64979,1765],{"class":51},[45,64981,102],{"class":59},[45,64983,1321],{"class":105},[45,64985,109],{"class":59},[45,64987,28],{"class":105},[45,64989,118],{"class":59},[14,64991,64992],{},"You can also limit the search:",[36,64994,64996],{"className":38,"code":64995,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,64997,64998],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64999,65000,65002,65004,65006,65008,65010,65012,65014,65016,65019],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65001,1765],{"class":51},[45,65003,102],{"class":59},[45,65005,1321],{"class":105},[45,65007,109],{"class":59},[45,65009,28],{"class":105},[45,65011,73],{"class":59},[45,65013,36033],{"class":105},[45,65015,73],{"class":59},[45,65017,65018],{"class":105}," end",[45,65020,118],{"class":59},[14,65022,65023],{},"Here is what each part means:",[157,65025,65026,65031,65036,65041],{},[160,65027,65028,65030],{},[18,65029,28],{},": the item to search for",[160,65032,65033,65035],{},[18,65034,36054],{},": where the search begins",[160,65037,65038,65040],{},[18,65039,52643],{},": where the search stops",[160,65042,65043,4774,65045,65048],{},[18,65044,52643],{},[26,65046,65047],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,65050,65051,65052,65054,65055,102],{},"This means Python searches from ",[18,65053,36054],{}," up to, but not including, ",[18,65056,52643],{},[31,65058,38001],{"id":38000},[14,65060,65061,65063],{},[18,65062,64843],{}," returns an integer.",[14,65065,65066,65067,65070],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[26,65068,65069],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,65072,345],{},[36,65074,65076],{"className":38,"code":65075,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,65077,65078,65098,65116,65120],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65079,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65081,195],{"class":51},[45,65083,56],{"class":55},[45,65085,60],{"class":59},[45,65087,585],{"class":202},[45,65089,73],{"class":59},[45,65091,590],{"class":202},[45,65093,73],{"class":59},[45,65095,595],{"class":202},[45,65097,93],{"class":59},[45,65099,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,65101,220],{"class":51},[45,65103,56],{"class":55},[45,65105,225],{"class":51},[45,65107,102],{"class":59},[45,65109,1321],{"class":105},[45,65111,109],{"class":59},[45,65113,15741],{"class":202},[45,65115,118],{"class":59},[45,65117,65118],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,65119,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,65121,65122,65124,65126,65128],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,65123,125],{"class":124},[45,65125,109],{"class":59},[45,65127,263],{"class":105},[45,65129,118],{"class":59},[14,65131,268],{},[36,65133,65134],{"className":38,"code":46898,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,65135,65136],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65137,65138],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65139,46898],{"class":202},[14,65141,658,65142,65144],{},[18,65143,58944],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[31,65146,65148],{"id":65147},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,65150,451],{},[36,65152,65154],{"className":38,"code":65153,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[18,65155,65156,65188,65210,65214],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65157,65158,65160,65162,65164,65166,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178,65180,65182,65184,65186],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65159,36219],{"class":51},[45,65161,56],{"class":55},[45,65163,60],{"class":59},[45,65165,64],{"class":63},[45,65167,68],{"class":67},[45,65169,64],{"class":63},[45,65171,73],{"class":59},[45,65173,76],{"class":63},[45,65175,79],{"class":67},[45,65177,64],{"class":63},[45,65179,73],{"class":59},[45,65181,76],{"class":63},[45,65183,4087],{"class":67},[45,65185,64],{"class":63},[45,65187,93],{"class":59},[45,65189,65190,65192,65194,65196,65198,65200,65202,65204,65206,65208],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,65191,64897],{"class":51},[45,65193,56],{"class":55},[45,65195,52834],{"class":51},[45,65197,102],{"class":59},[45,65199,1321],{"class":105},[45,65201,109],{"class":59},[45,65203,64],{"class":63},[45,65205,4087],{"class":67},[45,65207,64],{"class":63},[45,65209,118],{"class":59},[45,65211,65212],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,65213,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,65215,65216,65218,65220,65222],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,65217,125],{"class":124},[45,65219,109],{"class":59},[45,65221,64924],{"class":105},[45,65223,118],{"class":59},[14,65225,268],{},[36,65227,65228],{"className":38,"code":17042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,65229,65230],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65231,65232],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65233,17042],{"class":202},[14,65235,65236],{},"In this list:",[157,65238,65239,65246,65252],{},[160,65240,65241,65243,65244],{},[18,65242,778],{}," is at index ",[18,65245,2114],{},[160,65247,65248,65243,65250],{},[18,65249,1697],{},[18,65251,203],{},[160,65253,65254,65243,65257],{},[18,65255,65256],{},"\"cherry\"",[18,65258,234],{},[14,65260,53636,65261,1326,65264,102],{},[18,65262,65263],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[18,65265,234],{},[14,65267,51525,65268,102],{},[364,65269,65271],{"href":65270},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[31,65273,65275],{"id":65274},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65277,65278,65279,65281],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[18,65280,58944],{}," returns the first match only.",[36,65283,65285],{"className":38,"code":65284,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[18,65286,65287,65327,65331],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65288,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301,65303,65305,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323,65325],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65290,461],{"class":51},[45,65292,56],{"class":55},[45,65294,60],{"class":59},[45,65296,64],{"class":63},[45,65298,470],{"class":67},[45,65300,64],{"class":63},[45,65302,73],{"class":59},[45,65304,76],{"class":63},[45,65306,479],{"class":67},[45,65308,64],{"class":63},[45,65310,73],{"class":59},[45,65312,76],{"class":63},[45,65314,470],{"class":67},[45,65316,64],{"class":63},[45,65318,73],{"class":59},[45,65320,76],{"class":63},[45,65322,488],{"class":67},[45,65324,64],{"class":63},[45,65326,93],{"class":59},[45,65328,65329],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,65330,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,65332,65333,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,65334,125],{"class":124},[45,65336,109],{"class":59},[45,65338,497],{"class":105},[45,65340,102],{"class":59},[45,65342,1321],{"class":105},[45,65344,109],{"class":59},[45,65346,64],{"class":63},[45,65348,470],{"class":67},[45,65350,64],{"class":63},[45,65352,1802],{"class":59},[14,65354,268],{},[36,65356,65357],{"className":38,"code":47233,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,65358,65359],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65360,65361],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65362,47233],{"class":202},[14,65364,20964,65365,65368,65369,65371],{},[18,65366,65367],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[18,65370,2114],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65373,65374,65375,102],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[364,65376,55498,65377,10728],{"href":59003},[18,65378,57268],{},[31,65380,1736,65382,1301,65384],{"id":65381},"using-start-and-end",[18,65383,36054],{},[18,65385,52643],{},[14,65387,65388,65389,1301,65391,65393],{},"The optional ",[18,65390,36054],{},[18,65392,52643],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[36,65395,65397],{"className":38,"code":65396,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[18,65398,65399,65447,65451,65476,65505],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65400,65401,65403,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435,65437,65439,65441,65443,65445],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65402,355],{"class":51},[45,65404,56],{"class":55},[45,65406,60],{"class":59},[45,65408,64],{"class":63},[45,65410,364],{"class":67},[45,65412,64],{"class":63},[45,65414,73],{"class":59},[45,65416,76],{"class":63},[45,65418,373],{"class":67},[45,65420,64],{"class":63},[45,65422,73],{"class":59},[45,65424,76],{"class":63},[45,65426,382],{"class":67},[45,65428,64],{"class":63},[45,65430,73],{"class":59},[45,65432,76],{"class":63},[45,65434,373],{"class":67},[45,65436,64],{"class":63},[45,65438,73],{"class":59},[45,65440,76],{"class":63},[45,65442,18753],{"class":67},[45,65444,64],{"class":63},[45,65446,93],{"class":59},[45,65448,65449],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,65450,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,65452,65453,65455,65457,65459,65461,65463,65465,65467,65469,65471,65473],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,65454,125],{"class":124},[45,65456,109],{"class":59},[45,65458,391],{"class":105},[45,65460,102],{"class":59},[45,65462,1321],{"class":105},[45,65464,109],{"class":59},[45,65466,64],{"class":63},[45,65468,373],{"class":67},[45,65470,64],{"class":63},[45,65472,5353],{"class":59},[45,65474,65475],{"class":137},"        # first match\n",[45,65477,65478,65480,65482,65484,65486,65488,65490,65492,65494,65496,65498,65500,65502],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,65479,125],{"class":124},[45,65481,109],{"class":59},[45,65483,391],{"class":105},[45,65485,102],{"class":59},[45,65487,1321],{"class":105},[45,65489,109],{"class":59},[45,65491,64],{"class":63},[45,65493,373],{"class":67},[45,65495,64],{"class":63},[45,65497,73],{"class":59},[45,65499,208],{"class":202},[45,65501,5353],{"class":59},[45,65503,65504],{"class":137},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[45,65506,65507,65509,65511,65513,65515,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531,65533,65535],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,65508,125],{"class":124},[45,65510,109],{"class":59},[45,65512,391],{"class":105},[45,65514,102],{"class":59},[45,65516,1321],{"class":105},[45,65518,109],{"class":59},[45,65520,64],{"class":63},[45,65522,373],{"class":67},[45,65524,64],{"class":63},[45,65526,73],{"class":59},[45,65528,5488],{"class":202},[45,65530,73],{"class":59},[45,65532,2450],{"class":202},[45,65534,5353],{"class":59},[45,65536,65537],{"class":137},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65539,268],{},[36,65541,65543],{"className":38,"code":65542,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1\n3\n1\n",[18,65544,65545,65549,65553],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65546,65547],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65548,46898],{"class":202},[45,65550,65551],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,65552,46598],{"class":202},[45,65554,65555],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,65556,46898],{"class":202},[14,65558,65559],{},"How this works:",[157,65561,65562,65574,65587],{},[160,65563,65564,65567,65568,65571,65572],{},[18,65565,65566],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[18,65569,65570],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[18,65573,203],{},[160,65575,65576,65579,65580,65582,65583,65571,65585],{},[18,65577,65578],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[18,65581,234],{},", so it finds the next ",[18,65584,65570],{},[18,65586,2056],{},[160,65588,65589,65592,65593,2185,65595,17058,65597],{},[18,65590,65591],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[18,65594,203],{},[18,65596,234],{},[18,65598,2056],{},[14,65600,65601],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[31,65603,1035],{"id":1034},[14,65605,1038,65606,102],{},[18,65607,1041],{},[14,65609,345],{},[36,65611,65613],{"className":38,"code":65612,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[18,65614,65615,65647],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65616,65617,65619,65621,65623,65625,65627,65629,65631,65633,65635,65637,65639,65641,65643,65645],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65618,52],{"class":51},[45,65620,56],{"class":55},[45,65622,60],{"class":59},[45,65624,64],{"class":63},[45,65626,68],{"class":67},[45,65628,64],{"class":63},[45,65630,73],{"class":59},[45,65632,76],{"class":63},[45,65634,79],{"class":67},[45,65636,64],{"class":63},[45,65638,73],{"class":59},[45,65640,76],{"class":63},[45,65642,4087],{"class":67},[45,65644,64],{"class":63},[45,65646,93],{"class":59},[45,65648,65649,65651,65653,65655,65657,65659,65661,65663,65665,65667],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,65650,125],{"class":124},[45,65652,109],{"class":59},[45,65654,99],{"class":105},[45,65656,102],{"class":59},[45,65658,1321],{"class":105},[45,65660,109],{"class":59},[45,65662,64],{"class":63},[45,65664,88],{"class":67},[45,65666,64],{"class":63},[45,65668,1802],{"class":59},[14,65670,39635,65671,65674],{},[18,65672,65673],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65676,65677],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[36,65679,65681],{"className":38,"code":65680,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[18,65682,65683,65715,65728,65732,65745,65764,65770],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65684,65685,65687,65689,65691,65693,65695,65697,65699,65701,65703,65705,65707,65709,65711,65713],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65686,52],{"class":51},[45,65688,56],{"class":55},[45,65690,60],{"class":59},[45,65692,64],{"class":63},[45,65694,68],{"class":67},[45,65696,64],{"class":63},[45,65698,73],{"class":59},[45,65700,76],{"class":63},[45,65702,79],{"class":67},[45,65704,64],{"class":63},[45,65706,73],{"class":59},[45,65708,76],{"class":63},[45,65710,4087],{"class":67},[45,65712,64],{"class":63},[45,65714,93],{"class":59},[45,65716,65717,65720,65722,65724,65726],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,65718,65719],{"class":51},"search_value ",[45,65721,56],{"class":55},[45,65723,76],{"class":63},[45,65725,88],{"class":67},[45,65727,1194],{"class":63},[45,65729,65730],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,65731,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,65733,65734,65736,65739,65741,65743],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,65735,982],{"class":969},[45,65737,65738],{"class":51}," search_value ",[45,65740,976],{"class":55},[45,65742,1210],{"class":51},[45,65744,1213],{"class":59},[45,65746,65747,65749,65751,65753,65755,65757,65759,65762],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,65748,8055],{"class":124},[45,65750,109],{"class":59},[45,65752,99],{"class":105},[45,65754,102],{"class":59},[45,65756,1321],{"class":105},[45,65758,109],{"class":59},[45,65760,65761],{"class":105},"search_value",[45,65763,1802],{"class":59},[45,65765,65766,65768],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,65767,27415],{"class":969},[45,65769,1213],{"class":59},[45,65771,65772,65774,65776,65778,65781,65783],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,65773,8055],{"class":124},[45,65775,109],{"class":59},[45,65777,64],{"class":63},[45,65779,65780],{"class":67},"Item not found",[45,65782,64],{"class":63},[45,65784,118],{"class":59},[14,65786,268],{},[36,65788,65790],{"className":38,"code":65789,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Item not found\n",[18,65791,65792],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65793,65794,65797,65799],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65795,65796],{"class":51},"Item ",[45,65798,178],{"class":55},[45,65800,65801],{"class":51}," found\n",[14,65803,65804],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65806,65807,65808,102],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[364,65809,1292],{"href":65810},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes",[31,65812,4509],{"id":4508},[14,65814,1712,65815,1111],{},[18,65816,64843],{},[157,65818,65819,65837,65849,65909],{},[160,65820,25757,65821,1326,65823,65826,65827,65829,65830,5151,65832,65834,65835,102],{},[18,65822,58944],{},[18,65824,65825],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9832,65828],{},"\nPython does ",[26,65831,178],{},[18,65833,65825],{},". It raises ",[18,65836,1041],{},[160,65838,65839,65840,65842,65845,65846,65848],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9832,65841],{},[18,65843,65844],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[18,65847,1697],{},", not the value itself.",[160,65850,1736,65851,11080,65854,65856,65858,65859,16641,65861,65884,16629,65886],{},[18,65852,65853],{},"index[]",[18,65855,58944],{},[9832,65857],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9832,65860],{},[36,65862,65864],{"className":38,"code":65863,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[18,65865,65866],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65867,65868,65870,65872,65874,65876,65878,65880,65882],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65869,99],{"class":51},[45,65871,102],{"class":59},[45,65873,1321],{"class":105},[45,65875,109],{"class":59},[45,65877,64],{"class":63},[45,65879,79],{"class":67},[45,65881,64],{"class":63},[45,65883,118],{"class":59},[9832,65885],{},[36,65887,65889],{"className":38,"code":65888,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[18,65890,65891],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65892,65893,65895,65897,65899,65901,65903,65905,65907],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65894,99],{"class":51},[45,65896,102],{"class":59},[45,65898,1321],{"class":1831},[45,65900,278],{"class":59},[45,65902,64],{"class":63},[45,65904,79],{"class":67},[45,65906,64],{"class":63},[45,65908,93],{"class":59},[160,65910,65911,65912,65914,1301,65917,65919,65920],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9832,65913],{},[18,65915,65916],{},"\"3\"",[18,65918,2056],{}," are different values in Python.",[36,65921,65923],{"className":38,"code":65922,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[18,65924,65925,65945],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65926,65927,65929,65931,65933,65935,65937,65939,65941,65943],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65928,195],{"class":51},[45,65930,56],{"class":55},[45,65932,60],{"class":59},[45,65934,203],{"class":202},[45,65936,73],{"class":59},[45,65938,208],{"class":202},[45,65940,73],{"class":59},[45,65942,213],{"class":202},[45,65944,93],{"class":59},[45,65946,65947,65949,65951,65953,65955,65957,65959,65961,65963],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,65948,125],{"class":124},[45,65950,109],{"class":59},[45,65952,64],{"class":63},[45,65954,2056],{"class":67},[45,65956,64],{"class":63},[45,65958,1134],{"class":969},[45,65960,225],{"class":105},[45,65962,3654],{"class":59},[45,65964,4762],{"class":137},[14,65966,65967],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[36,65969,65971],{"className":38,"code":65970,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[18,65972,65973,65983,65997,66011],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65974,65975,65977,65979,65981],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65976,125],{"class":124},[45,65978,109],{"class":59},[45,65980,1765],{"class":105},[45,65982,118],{"class":59},[45,65984,65985,65987,65989,65991,65993,65995],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,65986,125],{"class":124},[45,65988,109],{"class":59},[45,65990,1811],{"class":315},[45,65992,109],{"class":59},[45,65994,65761],{"class":105},[45,65996,1802],{"class":59},[45,65998,65999,66001,66003,66005,66007,66009],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66000,125],{"class":124},[45,66002,109],{"class":59},[45,66004,65719],{"class":105},[45,66006,976],{"class":969},[45,66008,1780],{"class":105},[45,66010,118],{"class":59},[45,66012,66013,66015,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025,66027],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,66014,125],{"class":124},[45,66016,109],{"class":59},[45,66018,1765],{"class":105},[45,66020,102],{"class":59},[45,66022,1321],{"class":105},[45,66024,109],{"class":59},[45,66026,65761],{"class":105},[45,66028,1802],{"class":59},[14,66030,66031],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,66033,66034],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[157,66036,66037,66040,66047,66053],{},[160,66038,66039],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[160,66041,66042,66043,11080,66045],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[18,66044,65916],{},[18,66046,2056],{},[160,66048,66049,66050,66052],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[18,66051,58944],{}," returns only the first one",[160,66054,66055],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[31,66057,4952,66059],{"id":66058},"when-to-use-index",[18,66060,58944],{},[14,66062,141,66063,10588],{},[18,66064,58944],{},[157,66066,66067,66070,66073],{},[160,66068,66069],{},"You need the position of a known value",[160,66071,66072],{},"You are working with a small list",[160,66074,66075],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,66077,66078],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[31,66080,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,66082,5133,66084,5136],{"id":66083},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[18,66085,64843],{},[14,66087,66088],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1864,66090,175,66092,5151,66094,66096],{"id":66091},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[18,66093,64843],{},[18,66095,65825],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,66098,66099,66100,6618],{},"No. It raises ",[18,66101,1041],{},[1864,66103,5160,66105,66107],{"id":66104},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[18,66106,64843],{}," find all matching items?",[14,66109,66110],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1864,66112,66114,66115,2485],{"id":66113},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[18,66116,58944],{},[14,66118,66119,66120,1301,66122,66124],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[18,66121,36054],{},[18,66123,52643],{}," arguments.",[31,66126,1909],{"id":1908},[157,66128,66129,66133,66137,66141],{},[160,66130,66131],{},[364,66132,58933],{"href":65270},[160,66134,66135],{},[364,66136,52754],{"href":54553},[160,66138,66139],{},[364,66140,1292],{"href":65810},[160,66142,66143],{},[364,66144,55498,66145,10728],{"href":59003},[18,66146,57268],{},[1936,66148,66149],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":66151},[66152,66153,66155,66156,66157,66158,66159,66161,66162,66163,66165,66175],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":64940,"depth":96,"text":66154},"What list.index() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":38000,"depth":96,"text":38001},{"id":65147,"depth":96,"text":65148},{"id":65274,"depth":96,"text":65275},{"id":65381,"depth":96,"text":66160},"Using start and end",{"id":1034,"depth":96,"text":1035},{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509},{"id":66058,"depth":96,"text":66164},"When to use index()",{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":66166},[66167,66169,66171,66173],{"id":66083,"depth":121,"text":66168},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66091,"depth":121,"text":66170},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66104,"depth":121,"text":66172},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66113,"depth":121,"text":66174},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64831,"description":66176},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66183,"title":66184,"body":66185,"description":68127,"extension":1958,"meta":68128,"navigation":241,"path":68129,"seo":68130,"stem":68131,"__hash__":68132},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66186,"toc":68087},[66187,66192,66197,66200,66209,66266,66272,66277,66281,66295,66301,66303,66326,66343,66345,66406,66408,66440,66453,66455,66458,66558,66560,66638,66644,66648,66656,66660,66666,66721,66723,66747,66751,66754,66807,66809,66833,66837,66840,66893,66895,66919,66923,66929,67000,67002,67043,67049,67056,67059,67064,67072,67077,67085,67087,67184,67186,67255,67262,67267,67269,67273,67278,67280,67351,67353,67382,67388,67390,67417,67420,67443,67447,67450,67472,67475,67498,67500,67560,67562,67594,67600,67605,67658,67660,67685,67688,67737,67739,67760,67764,67769,67772,67827,67829,67856,67863,67867,67872,67943,67946,67960,67965,67970,67972,67986,67998,68003,68005,68010,68015,68019,68022,68028,68034,68041,68049,68051,68084],[10,66188,54325,66190,11311],{"id":66189},"python-list-insert-method",[18,66191,54251],{},[14,66193,66194,66196],{},[18,66195,53894],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66198,66199],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66201,141,66202,66204,66205,102],{},[18,66203,54251],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[364,66206,55498,66207,10728],{"href":56746},[18,66208,52635],{},[36,66210,66212],{"className":38,"code":66211,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,66213,66214,66234,66252,66262],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66215,66216,66218,66220,66222,66224,66226,66228,66230,66232],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66217,195],{"class":51},[45,66219,56],{"class":55},[45,66221,60],{"class":59},[45,66223,203],{"class":202},[45,66225,73],{"class":59},[45,66227,208],{"class":202},[45,66229,73],{"class":59},[45,66231,2450],{"class":202},[45,66233,93],{"class":59},[45,66235,66236,66238,66240,66242,66244,66246,66248,66250],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,66237,251],{"class":51},[45,66239,102],{"class":59},[45,66241,53934],{"class":105},[45,66243,109],{"class":59},[45,66245,234],{"class":202},[45,66247,73],{"class":59},[45,66249,213],{"class":202},[45,66251,118],{"class":59},[45,66253,66254,66256,66258,66260],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66255,125],{"class":124},[45,66257,109],{"class":59},[45,66259,251],{"class":105},[45,66261,118],{"class":59},[45,66263,66264],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,66265,52706],{"class":137},[14,66267,141,66268,66271],{},[18,66269,66270],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[31,66273,3671,66275,3674],{"id":66274},"what-listinsert-does",[18,66276,53894],{},[14,66278,66279,1111],{},[18,66280,53894],{},[157,66282,66283,66286,66289,66291],{},[160,66284,66285],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[160,66287,66288],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[160,66290,54411],{},[160,66292,11412,66293],{},[18,66294,301],{},[14,66296,66297,66298,66300],{},"That last point is important. ",[18,66299,54251],{}," does not create a new list.",[31,66302,305],{"id":304},[36,66304,66306],{"className":38,"code":66305,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[18,66307,66308],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66309,66310,66312,66314,66316,66318,66320,66322,66324],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66311,1765],{"class":51},[45,66313,102],{"class":59},[45,66315,53934],{"class":105},[45,66317,109],{"class":59},[45,66319,1321],{"class":105},[45,66321,73],{"class":59},[45,66323,29488],{"class":105},[45,66325,118],{"class":59},[157,66327,66328,66333,66338],{},[160,66329,66330,66332],{},[18,66331,1321],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[160,66334,66335,66337],{},[18,66336,23293],{}," is the value to add",[160,66339,66340,66341],{},"The first list position is index ",[18,66342,2114],{},[14,66344,345],{},[36,66346,66348],{"className":38,"code":66347,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,66349,66350,66374,66396],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66351,66352,66354,66356,66358,66360,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370,66372],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66353,355],{"class":51},[45,66355,56],{"class":55},[45,66357,60],{"class":59},[45,66359,64],{"class":63},[45,66361,364],{"class":67},[45,66363,64],{"class":63},[45,66365,73],{"class":59},[45,66367,76],{"class":63},[45,66369,382],{"class":67},[45,66371,64],{"class":63},[45,66373,93],{"class":59},[45,66375,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386,66388,66390,66392,66394],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,66377,391],{"class":51},[45,66379,102],{"class":59},[45,66381,53934],{"class":105},[45,66383,109],{"class":59},[45,66385,203],{"class":202},[45,66387,73],{"class":59},[45,66389,76],{"class":63},[45,66391,373],{"class":67},[45,66393,64],{"class":63},[45,66395,118],{"class":59},[45,66397,66398,66400,66402,66404],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66399,125],{"class":124},[45,66401,109],{"class":59},[45,66403,391],{"class":105},[45,66405,118],{"class":59},[14,66407,268],{},[36,66409,66410],{"className":38,"code":42857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,66411,66412],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66413,66414,66416,66418,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430,66432,66434,66436,66438],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66415,278],{"class":59},[45,66417,429],{"class":63},[45,66419,364],{"class":67},[45,66421,429],{"class":63},[45,66423,73],{"class":59},[45,66425,438],{"class":63},[45,66427,373],{"class":67},[45,66429,429],{"class":63},[45,66431,73],{"class":59},[45,66433,438],{"class":63},[45,66435,382],{"class":67},[45,66437,429],{"class":63},[45,66439,93],{"class":59},[14,66441,20757,66442,66444,66445,66447,66448,1301,66450,102],{},[18,66443,65570],{}," is inserted at index ",[18,66446,203],{},", so it appears between ",[18,66449,18081],{},[18,66451,66452],{},"\"c\"",[31,66454,448],{"id":447},[14,66456,66457],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[36,66459,66461],{"className":38,"code":66460,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[18,66462,66463,66495,66513,66517,66539],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66464,66465,66467,66469,66471,66473,66475,66477,66479,66481,66483,66485,66487,66489,66491,66493],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66466,461],{"class":51},[45,66468,56],{"class":55},[45,66470,60],{"class":59},[45,66472,64],{"class":63},[45,66474,470],{"class":67},[45,66476,64],{"class":63},[45,66478,73],{"class":59},[45,66480,76],{"class":63},[45,66482,479],{"class":67},[45,66484,64],{"class":63},[45,66486,73],{"class":59},[45,66488,76],{"class":63},[45,66490,488],{"class":67},[45,66492,64],{"class":63},[45,66494,93],{"class":59},[45,66496,66497,66499,66501,66503,66505,66507,66509,66511],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,66498,125],{"class":124},[45,66500,109],{"class":59},[45,66502,64],{"class":63},[45,66504,11553],{"class":67},[45,66506,64],{"class":63},[45,66508,73],{"class":59},[45,66510,13108],{"class":105},[45,66512,118],{"class":59},[45,66514,66515],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66516,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,66518,66519,66521,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,66520,497],{"class":51},[45,66522,102],{"class":59},[45,66524,53934],{"class":105},[45,66526,109],{"class":59},[45,66528,203],{"class":202},[45,66530,73],{"class":59},[45,66532,76],{"class":63},[45,66534,22508],{"class":67},[45,66536,64],{"class":63},[45,66538,118],{"class":59},[45,66540,66541,66543,66545,66547,66550,66552,66554,66556],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,66542,125],{"class":124},[45,66544,109],{"class":59},[45,66546,64],{"class":63},[45,66548,66549],{"class":67},"After: ",[45,66551,64],{"class":63},[45,66553,73],{"class":59},[45,66555,13108],{"class":105},[45,66557,118],{"class":59},[14,66559,268],{},[36,66561,66563],{"className":38,"code":66562,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,66564,66565,66597],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66566,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581,66583,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66568,11613],{"class":51},[45,66570,1111],{"class":59},[45,66572,60],{"class":59},[45,66574,429],{"class":63},[45,66576,470],{"class":67},[45,66578,429],{"class":63},[45,66580,73],{"class":59},[45,66582,438],{"class":63},[45,66584,479],{"class":67},[45,66586,429],{"class":63},[45,66588,73],{"class":59},[45,66590,438],{"class":63},[45,66592,488],{"class":67},[45,66594,429],{"class":63},[45,66596,93],{"class":59},[45,66598,66599,66601,66603,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632,66634,66636],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,66600,11666],{"class":51},[45,66602,1111],{"class":59},[45,66604,66605],{"class":59},"  [",[45,66607,429],{"class":63},[45,66609,470],{"class":67},[45,66611,429],{"class":63},[45,66613,73],{"class":59},[45,66615,438],{"class":63},[45,66617,22508],{"class":67},[45,66619,429],{"class":63},[45,66621,73],{"class":59},[45,66623,438],{"class":63},[45,66625,479],{"class":67},[45,66627,429],{"class":63},[45,66629,73],{"class":59},[45,66631,438],{"class":63},[45,66633,488],{"class":67},[45,66635,429],{"class":63},[45,66637,93],{"class":59},[14,66639,66640,66641,66643],{},"The new value appears at index ",[18,66642,203],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[31,66645,66647],{"id":66646},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66649,16,66650,35311,66652,66655],{},[18,66651,1321],{},[18,66653,66654],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1864,66657,66659],{"id":66658},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66661,66662,66663,66665],{},"Use index ",[18,66664,2114],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[36,66667,66669],{"className":38,"code":66668,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66670,66671,66692,66711],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66672,66673,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688,66690],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66674,66675],{"class":51},"nums ",[45,66677,56],{"class":55},[45,66679,60],{"class":59},[45,66681,234],{"class":202},[45,66683,73],{"class":59},[45,66685,213],{"class":202},[45,66687,73],{"class":59},[45,66689,2450],{"class":202},[45,66691,93],{"class":59},[45,66693,66694,66697,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707,66709],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,66695,66696],{"class":51},"nums",[45,66698,102],{"class":59},[45,66700,53934],{"class":105},[45,66702,109],{"class":59},[45,66704,2114],{"class":202},[45,66706,73],{"class":59},[45,66708,5488],{"class":202},[45,66710,118],{"class":59},[45,66712,66713,66715,66717,66719],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66714,125],{"class":124},[45,66716,109],{"class":59},[45,66718,66696],{"class":105},[45,66720,118],{"class":59},[14,66722,268],{},[36,66724,66725],{"className":38,"code":53488,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,66726,66727],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66728,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66730,278],{"class":59},[45,66732,203],{"class":202},[45,66734,73],{"class":59},[45,66736,208],{"class":202},[45,66738,73],{"class":59},[45,66740,213],{"class":202},[45,66742,73],{"class":59},[45,66744,2450],{"class":202},[45,66746,93],{"class":59},[1864,66748,66750],{"id":66749},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66752,66753],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[36,66755,66757],{"className":38,"code":66756,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66758,66759,66779,66797],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66760,66761,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66762,66675],{"class":51},[45,66764,56],{"class":55},[45,66766,60],{"class":59},[45,66768,203],{"class":202},[45,66770,73],{"class":59},[45,66772,208],{"class":202},[45,66774,73],{"class":59},[45,66776,2450],{"class":202},[45,66778,93],{"class":59},[45,66780,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789,66791,66793,66795],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,66782,66696],{"class":51},[45,66784,102],{"class":59},[45,66786,53934],{"class":105},[45,66788,109],{"class":59},[45,66790,234],{"class":202},[45,66792,73],{"class":59},[45,66794,213],{"class":202},[45,66796,118],{"class":59},[45,66798,66799,66801,66803,66805],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66800,125],{"class":124},[45,66802,109],{"class":59},[45,66804,66696],{"class":105},[45,66806,118],{"class":59},[14,66808,268],{},[36,66810,66811],{"className":38,"code":53488,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,66812,66813],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66814,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66816,278],{"class":59},[45,66818,203],{"class":202},[45,66820,73],{"class":59},[45,66822,208],{"class":202},[45,66824,73],{"class":59},[45,66826,213],{"class":202},[45,66828,73],{"class":59},[45,66830,2450],{"class":202},[45,66832,93],{"class":59},[1864,66834,66836],{"id":66835},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66838,66839],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[36,66841,66843],{"className":38,"code":66842,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66844,66845,66865,66883],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66846,66847,66849,66851,66853,66855,66857,66859,66861,66863],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66848,66675],{"class":51},[45,66850,56],{"class":55},[45,66852,60],{"class":59},[45,66854,203],{"class":202},[45,66856,73],{"class":59},[45,66858,208],{"class":202},[45,66860,73],{"class":59},[45,66862,213],{"class":202},[45,66864,93],{"class":59},[45,66866,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,66868,66696],{"class":51},[45,66870,102],{"class":59},[45,66872,53934],{"class":105},[45,66874,109],{"class":59},[45,66876,585],{"class":202},[45,66878,73],{"class":59},[45,66880,2450],{"class":202},[45,66882,118],{"class":59},[45,66884,66885,66887,66889,66891],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66886,125],{"class":124},[45,66888,109],{"class":59},[45,66890,66696],{"class":105},[45,66892,118],{"class":59},[14,66894,268],{},[36,66896,66897],{"className":38,"code":53488,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,66898,66899],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66900,66901,66903,66905,66907,66909,66911,66913,66915,66917],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66902,278],{"class":59},[45,66904,203],{"class":202},[45,66906,73],{"class":59},[45,66908,208],{"class":202},[45,66910,73],{"class":59},[45,66912,213],{"class":202},[45,66914,73],{"class":59},[45,66916,2450],{"class":202},[45,66918,93],{"class":59},[1864,66920,66922],{"id":66921},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,66924,66925,66926,66928],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[18,66927,54251],{}," places the item before that position.",[36,66930,66932],{"className":38,"code":66931,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,66933,66934,66966,66990],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66935,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944,66946,66948,66950,66952,66954,66956,66958,66960,66962,66964],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66937,355],{"class":51},[45,66939,56],{"class":55},[45,66941,60],{"class":59},[45,66943,64],{"class":63},[45,66945,364],{"class":67},[45,66947,64],{"class":63},[45,66949,73],{"class":59},[45,66951,76],{"class":63},[45,66953,373],{"class":67},[45,66955,64],{"class":63},[45,66957,73],{"class":59},[45,66959,76],{"class":63},[45,66961,18753],{"class":67},[45,66963,64],{"class":63},[45,66965,93],{"class":59},[45,66967,66968,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980,66982,66984,66986,66988],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,66969,391],{"class":51},[45,66971,102],{"class":59},[45,66973,53934],{"class":105},[45,66975,109],{"class":59},[45,66977,2016],{"class":55},[45,66979,203],{"class":202},[45,66981,73],{"class":59},[45,66983,76],{"class":63},[45,66985,382],{"class":67},[45,66987,64],{"class":63},[45,66989,118],{"class":59},[45,66991,66992,66994,66996,66998],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66993,125],{"class":124},[45,66995,109],{"class":59},[45,66997,391],{"class":105},[45,66999,118],{"class":59},[14,67001,268],{},[36,67003,67005],{"className":38,"code":67004,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,67006,67007],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67008,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67010,278],{"class":59},[45,67012,429],{"class":63},[45,67014,364],{"class":67},[45,67016,429],{"class":63},[45,67018,73],{"class":59},[45,67020,438],{"class":63},[45,67022,373],{"class":67},[45,67024,429],{"class":63},[45,67026,73],{"class":59},[45,67028,438],{"class":63},[45,67030,382],{"class":67},[45,67032,429],{"class":63},[45,67034,73],{"class":59},[45,67036,438],{"class":63},[45,67038,18753],{"class":67},[45,67040,429],{"class":63},[45,67042,93],{"class":59},[14,67044,67045,67046,2299],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[364,67047,67048],{"href":50961},"Python lists beginner guide",[31,67050,67052,10572,67054],{"id":67051},"insert-vs-append",[18,67053,54251],{},[18,67055,52635],{},[14,67057,67058],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1864,67060,141,67062,10588],{"id":67061},"use-insert-when",[18,67063,54251],{},[157,67065,67066,67069],{},[160,67067,67068],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[160,67070,67071],{},"The order of the list matters",[1864,67073,141,67075,10588],{"id":67074},"use-append-when",[18,67076,52635],{},[157,67078,67079,67082],{},[160,67080,67081],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[160,67083,67084],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,67086,345],{},[36,67088,67090],{"className":38,"code":67089,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,67091,67092,67116,67120,67142,67152,67156,67174],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67093,67094,67096,67098,67100,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67095,52],{"class":51},[45,67097,56],{"class":55},[45,67099,60],{"class":59},[45,67101,64],{"class":63},[45,67103,68],{"class":67},[45,67105,64],{"class":63},[45,67107,73],{"class":59},[45,67109,76],{"class":63},[45,67111,88],{"class":67},[45,67113,64],{"class":63},[45,67115,93],{"class":59},[45,67117,67118],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,67119,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,67121,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67123,99],{"class":51},[45,67125,102],{"class":59},[45,67127,53934],{"class":105},[45,67129,109],{"class":59},[45,67131,203],{"class":202},[45,67133,73],{"class":59},[45,67135,76],{"class":63},[45,67137,79],{"class":67},[45,67139,64],{"class":63},[45,67141,118],{"class":59},[45,67143,67144,67146,67148,67150],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,67145,125],{"class":124},[45,67147,109],{"class":59},[45,67149,99],{"class":105},[45,67151,118],{"class":59},[45,67153,67154],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,67155,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,67157,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170,67172],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,67159,99],{"class":51},[45,67161,102],{"class":59},[45,67163,13538],{"class":105},[45,67165,109],{"class":59},[45,67167,64],{"class":63},[45,67169,1093],{"class":67},[45,67171,64],{"class":63},[45,67173,118],{"class":59},[45,67175,67176,67178,67180,67182],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,67177,125],{"class":124},[45,67179,109],{"class":59},[45,67181,99],{"class":105},[45,67183,118],{"class":59},[14,67185,268],{},[36,67187,67189],{"className":38,"code":67188,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,67190,67191,67219],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67192,67193,67195,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67194,278],{"class":59},[45,67196,429],{"class":63},[45,67198,68],{"class":67},[45,67200,429],{"class":63},[45,67202,73],{"class":59},[45,67204,438],{"class":63},[45,67206,79],{"class":67},[45,67208,429],{"class":63},[45,67210,73],{"class":59},[45,67212,438],{"class":63},[45,67214,88],{"class":67},[45,67216,429],{"class":63},[45,67218,93],{"class":59},[45,67220,67221,67223,67225,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241,67243,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,67222,278],{"class":59},[45,67224,429],{"class":63},[45,67226,68],{"class":67},[45,67228,429],{"class":63},[45,67230,73],{"class":59},[45,67232,438],{"class":63},[45,67234,79],{"class":67},[45,67236,429],{"class":63},[45,67238,73],{"class":59},[45,67240,438],{"class":63},[45,67242,88],{"class":67},[45,67244,429],{"class":63},[45,67246,73],{"class":59},[45,67248,438],{"class":63},[45,67250,1093],{"class":67},[45,67252,429],{"class":63},[45,67254,93],{"class":59},[14,67256,67257,67258,102],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[364,67259,55498,67260,10728],{"href":56746},[18,67261,52635],{},[14,67263,67264,67265,102],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[364,67266,53032],{"href":53031},[31,67268,4509],{"id":4508},[14,67270,14719,67271,102],{},[18,67272,54251],{},[1864,67274,1728,67276],{"id":67275},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[18,67277,54251],{},[14,67279,25673],{},[36,67281,67283],{"className":38,"code":67282,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67284,67285,67305,67327,67331,67341],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67286,67287,67289,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67288,195],{"class":51},[45,67290,56],{"class":55},[45,67292,60],{"class":59},[45,67294,203],{"class":202},[45,67296,73],{"class":59},[45,67298,208],{"class":202},[45,67300,73],{"class":59},[45,67302,213],{"class":202},[45,67304,93],{"class":59},[45,67306,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,67308,220],{"class":51},[45,67310,56],{"class":55},[45,67312,225],{"class":51},[45,67314,102],{"class":59},[45,67316,53934],{"class":105},[45,67318,109],{"class":59},[45,67320,203],{"class":202},[45,67322,73],{"class":59},[45,67324,10183],{"class":202},[45,67326,118],{"class":59},[45,67328,67329],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67330,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,67332,67333,67335,67337,67339],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,67334,125],{"class":124},[45,67336,109],{"class":59},[45,67338,263],{"class":105},[45,67340,118],{"class":59},[45,67342,67343,67345,67347,67349],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,67344,125],{"class":124},[45,67346,109],{"class":59},[45,67348,251],{"class":105},[45,67350,118],{"class":59},[14,67352,268],{},[36,67354,67356],{"className":38,"code":67355,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67357,67358,67362],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67359,67360],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67361,292],{"class":291},[45,67363,67364,67366,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,67365,278],{"class":59},[45,67367,203],{"class":202},[45,67369,73],{"class":59},[45,67371,10183],{"class":202},[45,67373,73],{"class":59},[45,67375,208],{"class":202},[45,67377,73],{"class":59},[45,67379,213],{"class":202},[45,67381,93],{"class":59},[14,67383,67384,54136,67386,102],{},[18,67385,54251],{},[18,67387,301],{},[14,67389,16629],{},[36,67391,67393],{"className":38,"code":67392,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67394,67395],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67396,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67398,55867],{"class":51},[45,67400,56],{"class":55},[45,67402,225],{"class":51},[45,67404,102],{"class":59},[45,67406,53934],{"class":105},[45,67408,109],{"class":59},[45,67410,203],{"class":202},[45,67412,73],{"class":59},[45,67414,10183],{"class":202},[45,67416,118],{"class":59},[14,67418,67419],{},"Right:",[36,67421,67423],{"className":38,"code":67422,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67424,67425],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67426,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437,67439,67441],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67428,251],{"class":51},[45,67430,102],{"class":59},[45,67432,53934],{"class":105},[45,67434,109],{"class":59},[45,67436,203],{"class":202},[45,67438,73],{"class":59},[45,67440,10183],{"class":202},[45,67442,118],{"class":59},[1864,67444,67446],{"id":67445},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67448,67449],{},"The correct order is:",[36,67451,67452],{"className":38,"code":66305,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,67453,67454],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67455,67456,67458,67460,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67457,1765],{"class":51},[45,67459,102],{"class":59},[45,67461,53934],{"class":105},[45,67463,109],{"class":59},[45,67465,1321],{"class":105},[45,67467,73],{"class":59},[45,67469,29488],{"class":105},[45,67471,118],{"class":59},[14,67473,67474],{},"Not:",[36,67476,67478],{"className":38,"code":67477,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[18,67479,67480],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67481,67482,67484,67486,67488,67490,67492,67494,67496],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67483,1765],{"class":51},[45,67485,102],{"class":59},[45,67487,53934],{"class":105},[45,67489,109],{"class":59},[45,67491,23293],{"class":105},[45,67493,73],{"class":59},[45,67495,35803],{"class":105},[45,67497,118],{"class":59},[14,67499,345],{},[36,67501,67502],{"className":38,"code":66347,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,67503,67504,67528,67550],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67505,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514,67516,67518,67520,67522,67524,67526],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67507,355],{"class":51},[45,67509,56],{"class":55},[45,67511,60],{"class":59},[45,67513,64],{"class":63},[45,67515,364],{"class":67},[45,67517,64],{"class":63},[45,67519,73],{"class":59},[45,67521,76],{"class":63},[45,67523,382],{"class":67},[45,67525,64],{"class":63},[45,67527,93],{"class":59},[45,67529,67530,67532,67534,67536,67538,67540,67542,67544,67546,67548],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,67531,391],{"class":51},[45,67533,102],{"class":59},[45,67535,53934],{"class":105},[45,67537,109],{"class":59},[45,67539,203],{"class":202},[45,67541,73],{"class":59},[45,67543,76],{"class":63},[45,67545,373],{"class":67},[45,67547,64],{"class":63},[45,67549,118],{"class":59},[45,67551,67552,67554,67556,67558],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67553,125],{"class":124},[45,67555,109],{"class":59},[45,67557,391],{"class":105},[45,67559,118],{"class":59},[14,67561,268],{},[36,67563,67564],{"className":38,"code":42857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,67565,67566],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67567,67568,67570,67572,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590,67592],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67569,278],{"class":59},[45,67571,429],{"class":63},[45,67573,364],{"class":67},[45,67575,429],{"class":63},[45,67577,73],{"class":59},[45,67579,438],{"class":63},[45,67581,373],{"class":67},[45,67583,429],{"class":63},[45,67585,73],{"class":59},[45,67587,438],{"class":63},[45,67589,382],{"class":67},[45,67591,429],{"class":63},[45,67593,93],{"class":59},[1864,67595,1722,67597,67599],{"id":67596},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[18,67598,54251],{}," to replace an item",[14,67601,67602,67604],{},[18,67603,54251],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[36,67606,67608],{"className":38,"code":67607,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67609,67610,67630,67648],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67611,67612,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626,67628],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67613,195],{"class":51},[45,67615,56],{"class":55},[45,67617,60],{"class":59},[45,67619,203],{"class":202},[45,67621,73],{"class":59},[45,67623,208],{"class":202},[45,67625,73],{"class":59},[45,67627,213],{"class":202},[45,67629,93],{"class":59},[45,67631,67632,67634,67636,67638,67640,67642,67644,67646],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,67633,251],{"class":51},[45,67635,102],{"class":59},[45,67637,53934],{"class":105},[45,67639,109],{"class":59},[45,67641,203],{"class":202},[45,67643,73],{"class":59},[45,67645,10183],{"class":202},[45,67647,118],{"class":59},[45,67649,67650,67652,67654,67656],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67651,125],{"class":124},[45,67653,109],{"class":59},[45,67655,251],{"class":105},[45,67657,118],{"class":59},[14,67659,268],{},[36,67661,67663],{"className":38,"code":67662,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67664,67665],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67666,67667,67669,67671,67673,67675,67677,67679,67681,67683],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67668,278],{"class":59},[45,67670,203],{"class":202},[45,67672,73],{"class":59},[45,67674,10183],{"class":202},[45,67676,73],{"class":59},[45,67678,208],{"class":202},[45,67680,73],{"class":59},[45,67682,213],{"class":202},[45,67684,93],{"class":59},[14,67686,67687],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[36,67689,67691],{"className":38,"code":67690,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67692,67693,67713,67727],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67694,67695,67697,67699,67701,67703,67705,67707,67709,67711],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67696,195],{"class":51},[45,67698,56],{"class":55},[45,67700,60],{"class":59},[45,67702,203],{"class":202},[45,67704,73],{"class":59},[45,67706,208],{"class":202},[45,67708,73],{"class":59},[45,67710,213],{"class":202},[45,67712,93],{"class":59},[45,67714,67715,67717,67719,67721,67723,67725],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,67716,251],{"class":51},[45,67718,278],{"class":59},[45,67720,203],{"class":202},[45,67722,13258],{"class":59},[45,67724,13261],{"class":55},[45,67726,14116],{"class":202},[45,67728,67729,67731,67733,67735],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67730,125],{"class":124},[45,67732,109],{"class":59},[45,67734,251],{"class":105},[45,67736,118],{"class":59},[14,67738,268],{},[36,67740,67742],{"className":38,"code":67741,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[18,67743,67744],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67745,67746,67748,67750,67752,67754,67756,67758],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67747,278],{"class":59},[45,67749,203],{"class":202},[45,67751,73],{"class":59},[45,67753,10183],{"class":202},[45,67755,73],{"class":59},[45,67757,213],{"class":202},[45,67759,93],{"class":59},[1864,67761,67763],{"id":67762},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67765,67766,67768],{},[18,67767,54251],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67770,67771],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[36,67773,67775],{"className":38,"code":67774,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67776,67777,67793,67817],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67778,67779,67781,67783,67785,67787,67789,67791],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67780,195],{"class":51},[45,67782,56],{"class":55},[45,67784,60],{"class":59},[45,67786,203],{"class":202},[45,67788,73],{"class":59},[45,67790,2450],{"class":202},[45,67792,93],{"class":59},[45,67794,67795,67797,67799,67801,67803,67805,67807,67809,67811,67813,67815],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,67796,251],{"class":51},[45,67798,102],{"class":59},[45,67800,53934],{"class":105},[45,67802,109],{"class":59},[45,67804,203],{"class":202},[45,67806,73],{"class":59},[45,67808,60],{"class":59},[45,67810,234],{"class":202},[45,67812,73],{"class":59},[45,67814,213],{"class":202},[45,67816,3880],{"class":59},[45,67818,67819,67821,67823,67825],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67820,125],{"class":124},[45,67822,109],{"class":59},[45,67824,251],{"class":105},[45,67826,118],{"class":59},[14,67828,268],{},[36,67830,67832],{"className":38,"code":67831,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[18,67833,67834],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67835,67836,67838,67840,67842,67844,67846,67848,67850,67852,67854],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67837,278],{"class":59},[45,67839,203],{"class":202},[45,67841,73],{"class":59},[45,67843,60],{"class":59},[45,67845,234],{"class":202},[45,67847,73],{"class":59},[45,67849,213],{"class":202},[45,67851,18047],{"class":59},[45,67853,2450],{"class":202},[45,67855,93],{"class":59},[14,67857,67858,67859,102],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[364,67860,55498,67861,10728],{"href":53327},[18,67862,53429],{},[1864,67864,67866],{"id":67865},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67868,8860,67869,67871],{},[18,67870,54251],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[36,67873,67875],{"className":38,"code":67874,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[18,67876,67877,67887,67901,67919,67933],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67878,67879,67881,67883,67885],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67880,125],{"class":124},[45,67882,109],{"class":59},[45,67884,1765],{"class":105},[45,67886,118],{"class":59},[45,67888,67889,67891,67893,67895,67897,67899],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,67890,125],{"class":124},[45,67892,109],{"class":59},[45,67894,11150],{"class":124},[45,67896,109],{"class":59},[45,67898,1765],{"class":105},[45,67900,1802],{"class":59},[45,67902,67903,67905,67907,67909,67911,67913,67915,67917],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67904,125],{"class":124},[45,67906,109],{"class":59},[45,67908,1765],{"class":105},[45,67910,102],{"class":59},[45,67912,53934],{"class":1831},[45,67914,102],{"class":59},[45,67916,34427],{"class":34434},[45,67918,118],{"class":59},[45,67920,67921,67923,67925,67927,67929,67931],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,67922,1822],{"class":124},[45,67924,109],{"class":59},[45,67926,316],{"class":315},[45,67928,102],{"class":59},[45,67930,53934],{"class":1831},[45,67932,118],{"class":59},[45,67934,67935,67937,67939,67941],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,67936,1811],{"class":315},[45,67938,109],{"class":59},[45,67940,1765],{"class":105},[45,67942,118],{"class":59},[14,67944,67945],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[157,67947,67948,67951,67954,67957],{},[160,67949,67950],{},"What is currently in the list",[160,67952,67953],{},"How long the list is",[160,67955,67956],{},"That you are working with a real list",[160,67958,67959],{},"How Python describes the method",[31,67961,4952,67963],{"id":67962},"when-to-use-insert",[18,67964,54251],{},[14,67966,141,67967,67969],{},[18,67968,54251],{}," when position matters.",[14,67971,36406],{},[157,67973,67974,67977,67980,67983],{},[160,67975,67976],{},"Ordered menus",[160,67978,67979],{},"Rankings or score lists",[160,67981,67982],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[160,67984,67985],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,67987,67988,67989,67991,67992,67994,67995,67997],{},"You usually do ",[26,67990,178],{}," need ",[18,67993,54251],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[18,67996,52635],{}," is simpler.",[14,67999,68000,68001,102],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[364,68002,57132],{"href":57131},[31,68004,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,68006,175,68008,55448],{"id":68007},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[18,68009,53894],{},[14,68011,68012,68013,102],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[18,68014,301],{},[1864,68016,68018],{"id":68017},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,68020,68021],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1864,68023,5160,68025,68027],{"id":68024},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[18,68026,53894],{}," add multiple items?",[14,68029,68030,68031,68033],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[18,68032,53429],{}," or slicing.",[1864,68035,5170,68037,1301,68039,2485],{"id":68036},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[18,68038,54251],{},[18,68040,52635],{},[14,68042,68043,68045,68046,68048],{},[18,68044,54251],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[18,68047,52635],{}," adds only at the end.",[31,68050,1909],{"id":1908},[157,68052,68053,68059,68065,68069,68073,68077],{},[160,68054,68055],{},[364,68056,55498,68057,10728],{"href":56746},[18,68058,52635],{},[160,68060,68061],{},[364,68062,55498,68063,10728],{"href":53327},[18,68064,53429],{},[160,68066,68067],{},[364,68068,54261],{"href":53031},[160,68070,68071],{},[364,68072,52754],{"href":50961},[160,68074,68075],{},[364,68076,57206],{"href":57131},[160,68078,68079],{},[364,68080,30328,68081,33614],{"href":54279},[18,68082,68083],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1936,68085,68086],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":68088},[68089,68091,68092,68093,68099,68106,68115,68117,68126],{"id":66274,"depth":96,"text":68090},"What list.insert() does",{"id":304,"depth":96,"text":305},{"id":447,"depth":96,"text":448},{"id":66646,"depth":96,"text":66647,"children":68094},[68095,68096,68097,68098],{"id":66658,"depth":121,"text":66659},{"id":66749,"depth":121,"text":66750},{"id":66835,"depth":121,"text":66836},{"id":66921,"depth":121,"text":66922},{"id":67051,"depth":96,"text":68100,"children":68101},"insert() vs append()",[68102,68104],{"id":67061,"depth":121,"text":68103},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67074,"depth":121,"text":68105},"Use append() when:",{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":68107},[68108,68110,68111,68113,68114],{"id":67275,"depth":121,"text":68109},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67445,"depth":121,"text":67446},{"id":67596,"depth":121,"text":68112},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67762,"depth":121,"text":67763},{"id":67865,"depth":121,"text":67866},{"id":67962,"depth":96,"text":68116},"When to use insert()",{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":68118},[68119,68121,68122,68124],{"id":68007,"depth":121,"text":68120},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68017,"depth":121,"text":68018},{"id":68024,"depth":121,"text":68123},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68036,"depth":121,"text":68125},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66184,"description":68127},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68134,"title":68135,"body":68136,"description":69691,"extension":1958,"meta":69692,"navigation":241,"path":58949,"seo":69693,"stem":69694,"__hash__":69695},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68137,"toc":69664},[68138,68144,68153,68202,68204,68212,68218,68220,68238,68244,68249,68252,68255,68270,68272,68324,68326,68334,68342,68349,68351,68357,68422,68424,68432,68434,68453,68456,68507,68511,68516,68543,68545,68553,68556,68625,68627,68642,68648,68652,68661,68664,68719,68721,68729,68732,68734,68779,68781,68789,68795,68797,68805,68808,68810,68849,68851,68890,68895,68897,68899,68934,68937,68939,68977,68981,68987,68989,69040,69042,69050,69057,69060,69081,69084,69139,69150,69152,69213,69215,69224,69231,69237,69240,69243,69300,69303,69316,69323,69329,69335,69337,69350,69353,69450,69452,69469,69472,69554,69556,69578,69585,69591,69593,69597,69603,69609,69614,69618,69621,69627,69634,69636,69661],[10,68139,68141,68142,3654],{"id":68140},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[18,68143,11150],{},[14,68145,68146,68147,68149,68150,68152],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[18,68148,42342],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[18,68151,42342],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[36,68154,68156],{"className":38,"code":68155,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[18,68157,68158,68178,68192],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68159,68160,68162,68164,68166,68168,68170,68172,68174,68176],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68161,195],{"class":51},[45,68163,56],{"class":55},[45,68165,60],{"class":59},[45,68167,585],{"class":202},[45,68169,73],{"class":59},[45,68171,590],{"class":202},[45,68173,73],{"class":59},[45,68175,595],{"class":202},[45,68177,93],{"class":59},[45,68179,68180,68182,68184,68186,68188,68190],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,68181,41223],{"class":51},[45,68183,56],{"class":55},[45,68185,38367],{"class":124},[45,68187,109],{"class":59},[45,68189,251],{"class":105},[45,68191,118],{"class":59},[45,68193,68194,68196,68198,68200],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,68195,125],{"class":124},[45,68197,109],{"class":59},[45,68199,1795],{"class":105},[45,68201,118],{"class":59},[14,68203,268],{},[36,68205,68206],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,68207,68208],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68209,68210],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68211,46598],{"class":202},[14,68213,141,68214,68217],{},[18,68215,68216],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[31,68219,15149],{"id":15148},[157,68221,68222,68227,68232,68235],{},[160,68223,4189,68224,68226],{},[18,68225,42342],{}," works with Python lists",[160,68228,68229,68230,11694],{},"What value ",[18,68231,42342],{},[160,68233,68234],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[160,68236,68237],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[31,68239,3671,68241,68243],{"id":68240},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[18,68242,42342],{}," returns for a list",[14,68245,68246,65063],{},[18,68247,68248],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68250,68251],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68253,68254],{},"A few important points:",[157,68256,68257,68260,68265],{},[160,68258,68259],{},"It counts list items",[160,68261,40887,68262,68264],{},[26,68263,178],{}," count characters inside a string item",[160,68266,68267,68268],{},"An empty list returns ",[18,68269,2114],{},[14,68271,345],{},[36,68273,68275],{"className":38,"code":68274,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,68276,68277,68310],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68278,68279,68281,68283,68285,68287,68289,68291,68293,68295,68298,68300,68302,68304,68306,68308],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68280,4062],{"class":51},[45,68282,56],{"class":55},[45,68284,60],{"class":59},[45,68286,64],{"class":63},[45,68288,37027],{"class":67},[45,68290,64],{"class":63},[45,68292,73],{"class":59},[45,68294,76],{"class":63},[45,68296,68297],{"class":67},"elephant",[45,68299,64],{"class":63},[45,68301,73],{"class":59},[45,68303,76],{"class":63},[45,68305,58104],{"class":67},[45,68307,64],{"class":63},[45,68309,93],{"class":59},[45,68311,68312,68314,68316,68318,68320,68322],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,68313,125],{"class":124},[45,68315,109],{"class":59},[45,68317,11150],{"class":124},[45,68319,109],{"class":59},[45,68321,4104],{"class":105},[45,68323,1802],{"class":59},[14,68325,268],{},[36,68327,68328],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,68329,68330],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68331,68332],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68333,46598],{"class":202},[14,68335,20964,68336,68339,68340,65070],{},[18,68337,68338],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[26,68341,52639],{},[14,68343,68344,68345,102],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[364,68346,3569,68347,3502],{"href":42339},[18,68348,42342],{},[31,68350,448],{"id":447},[14,68352,68353,68354,68356],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[18,68355,42342],{},", and print the result.",[36,68358,68360],{"className":38,"code":68359,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,68361,68362,68394,68408,68412],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68363,68364,68366,68368,68370,68372,68374,68376,68378,68380,68382,68384,68386,68388,68390,68392],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68365,461],{"class":51},[45,68367,56],{"class":55},[45,68369,60],{"class":59},[45,68371,64],{"class":63},[45,68373,470],{"class":67},[45,68375,64],{"class":63},[45,68377,73],{"class":59},[45,68379,76],{"class":63},[45,68381,488],{"class":67},[45,68383,64],{"class":63},[45,68385,73],{"class":59},[45,68387,76],{"class":63},[45,68389,479],{"class":67},[45,68391,64],{"class":63},[45,68393,93],{"class":59},[45,68395,68396,68398,68400,68402,68404,68406],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,68397,41223],{"class":51},[45,68399,56],{"class":55},[45,68401,38367],{"class":124},[45,68403,109],{"class":59},[45,68405,497],{"class":105},[45,68407,118],{"class":59},[45,68409,68410],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,68411,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,68413,68414,68416,68418,68420],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,68415,125],{"class":124},[45,68417,109],{"class":59},[45,68419,1795],{"class":105},[45,68421,118],{"class":59},[14,68423,268],{},[36,68425,68426],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,68427,68428],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68429,68430],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68431,46598],{"class":202},[14,68433,551],{},[157,68435,68436,68441,68448],{},[160,68437,68438,68440],{},[18,68439,497],{}," is a list with 3 items",[160,68442,68443,1326,68446],{},[18,68444,68445],{},"len(colors)",[18,68447,2056],{},[160,68449,68450,68451],{},"That value is stored in ",[18,68452,1795],{},[14,68454,68455],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[36,68457,68459],{"className":38,"code":68458,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,68460,68461,68493],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68462,68463,68465,68467,68469,68471,68473,68475,68477,68479,68481,68483,68485,68487,68489,68491],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68464,461],{"class":51},[45,68466,56],{"class":55},[45,68468,60],{"class":59},[45,68470,64],{"class":63},[45,68472,470],{"class":67},[45,68474,64],{"class":63},[45,68476,73],{"class":59},[45,68478,76],{"class":63},[45,68480,488],{"class":67},[45,68482,64],{"class":63},[45,68484,73],{"class":59},[45,68486,76],{"class":63},[45,68488,479],{"class":67},[45,68490,64],{"class":63},[45,68492,93],{"class":59},[45,68494,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,68496,125],{"class":124},[45,68498,109],{"class":59},[45,68500,11150],{"class":124},[45,68502,109],{"class":59},[45,68504,497],{"class":105},[45,68506,1802],{"class":59},[31,68508,68510],{"id":68509},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68512,68513,68514,102],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[18,68515,2114],{},[36,68517,68519],{"className":38,"code":68518,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,68520,68521,68529],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68522,68523,68525,68527],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68524,52],{"class":51},[45,68526,56],{"class":55},[45,68528,7824],{"class":59},[45,68530,68531,68533,68535,68537,68539,68541],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,68532,125],{"class":124},[45,68534,109],{"class":59},[45,68536,11150],{"class":124},[45,68538,109],{"class":59},[45,68540,99],{"class":105},[45,68542,1802],{"class":59},[14,68544,268],{},[36,68546,68547],{"className":38,"code":47233,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,68548,68549],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68550,68551],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68552,47233],{"class":202},[14,68554,68555],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[36,68557,68559],{"className":38,"code":68558,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,68560,68561,68569,68573,68591,68605,68611],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68562,68563,68565,68567],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68564,52],{"class":51},[45,68566,56],{"class":55},[45,68568,7824],{"class":59},[45,68570,68571],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,68572,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,68574,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583,68585,68587,68589],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,68576,982],{"class":969},[45,68578,38367],{"class":124},[45,68580,109],{"class":59},[45,68582,99],{"class":105},[45,68584,3654],{"class":59},[45,68586,38377],{"class":55},[45,68588,3827],{"class":202},[45,68590,1213],{"class":59},[45,68592,68593,68595,68597,68599,68601,68603],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,68594,8055],{"class":124},[45,68596,109],{"class":59},[45,68598,99],{"class":105},[45,68600,278],{"class":59},[45,68602,2114],{"class":202},[45,68604,3880],{"class":59},[45,68606,68607,68609],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,68608,27415],{"class":969},[45,68610,1213],{"class":59},[45,68612,68613,68615,68617,68619,68621,68623],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,68614,8055],{"class":124},[45,68616,109],{"class":59},[45,68618,64],{"class":63},[45,68620,51798],{"class":67},[45,68622,64],{"class":63},[45,68624,118],{"class":59},[14,68626,268],{},[36,68628,68630],{"className":38,"code":68629,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"The list is empty\n",[18,68631,68632],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68633,68634,68636,68638,68640],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68635,16],{"class":51},[45,68637,316],{"class":315},[45,68639,8082],{"class":55},[45,68641,8088],{"class":51},[14,68643,68644,68645,68647],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[364,68646,52754],{"href":50961}," is a good next step.",[31,68649,68651],{"id":68650},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68653,68654,68656,68657,68660],{},[18,68655,42342],{}," counts only the ",[26,68658,68659],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68662,68663],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[36,68665,68667],{"className":38,"code":68666,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,68668,68669,68705],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68670,68671,68673,68675,68677,68679,68681,68683,68685,68687,68689,68691,68693,68695,68697,68699,68701,68703],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68672,9151],{"class":51},[45,68674,56],{"class":55},[45,68676,56271],{"class":59},[45,68678,203],{"class":202},[45,68680,73],{"class":59},[45,68682,208],{"class":202},[45,68684,18047],{"class":59},[45,68686,60],{"class":59},[45,68688,2056],{"class":202},[45,68690,73],{"class":59},[45,68692,2450],{"class":202},[45,68694,18047],{"class":59},[45,68696,60],{"class":59},[45,68698,2131],{"class":202},[45,68700,73],{"class":59},[45,68702,37624],{"class":202},[45,68704,53225],{"class":59},[45,68706,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715,68717],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,68708,125],{"class":124},[45,68710,109],{"class":59},[45,68712,11150],{"class":124},[45,68714,109],{"class":59},[45,68716,9190],{"class":105},[45,68718,1802],{"class":59},[14,68720,268],{},[36,68722,68723],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,68724,68725],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68726,68727],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68728,46598],{"class":202},[14,68730,68731],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68733,52062],{},[36,68735,68737],{"className":38,"code":68736,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,68738,68739,68765],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68740,68741,68743,68745,68747,68749,68751,68753,68755,68757,68759,68761,68763],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68742,59449],{"class":51},[45,68744,56],{"class":55},[45,68746,60],{"class":59},[45,68748,203],{"class":202},[45,68750,73],{"class":59},[45,68752,60],{"class":59},[45,68754,234],{"class":202},[45,68756,73],{"class":59},[45,68758,213],{"class":202},[45,68760,18047],{"class":59},[45,68762,2450],{"class":202},[45,68764,93],{"class":59},[45,68766,68767,68769,68771,68773,68775,68777],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,68768,125],{"class":124},[45,68770,109],{"class":59},[45,68772,11150],{"class":124},[45,68774,109],{"class":59},[45,68776,59502],{"class":105},[45,68778,1802],{"class":59},[14,68780,268],{},[36,68782,68783],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,68784,68785],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68786,68787],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68788,46598],{"class":202},[14,68790,20964,68791,68794],{},[18,68792,68793],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[31,68796,4509],{"id":4508},[1864,68798,1736,68800,11080,68803],{"id":68799},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[18,68801,68802],{},"my_list.len()",[18,68804,68248],{},[14,68806,68807],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68809,16629],{},[36,68811,68813],{"className":38,"code":68812,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[18,68814,68815,68835],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68816,68817,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829,68831,68833],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68818,195],{"class":51},[45,68820,56],{"class":55},[45,68822,60],{"class":59},[45,68824,585],{"class":202},[45,68826,73],{"class":59},[45,68828,590],{"class":202},[45,68830,73],{"class":59},[45,68832,595],{"class":202},[45,68834,93],{"class":59},[45,68836,68837,68839,68841,68843,68845,68847],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,68838,125],{"class":124},[45,68840,109],{"class":59},[45,68842,251],{"class":105},[45,68844,102],{"class":59},[45,68846,11150],{"class":105},[45,68848,7181],{"class":59},[14,68850,16641],{},[36,68852,68854],{"className":38,"code":68853,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,68855,68856,68876],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68857,68858,68860,68862,68864,68866,68868,68870,68872,68874],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68859,195],{"class":51},[45,68861,56],{"class":55},[45,68863,60],{"class":59},[45,68865,585],{"class":202},[45,68867,73],{"class":59},[45,68869,590],{"class":202},[45,68871,73],{"class":59},[45,68873,595],{"class":202},[45,68875,93],{"class":59},[45,68877,68878,68880,68882,68884,68886,68888],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,68879,125],{"class":124},[45,68881,109],{"class":59},[45,68883,11150],{"class":124},[45,68885,109],{"class":59},[45,68887,251],{"class":105},[45,68889,1802],{"class":59},[14,68891,68892,68894],{},[18,68893,42342],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1864,68896,25670],{"id":25669},[14,68898,16629],{},[36,68900,68902],{"className":38,"code":68901,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[18,68903,68904,68924],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68905,68906,68908,68910,68912,68914,68916,68918,68920,68922],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68907,195],{"class":51},[45,68909,56],{"class":55},[45,68911,60],{"class":59},[45,68913,585],{"class":202},[45,68915,73],{"class":59},[45,68917,590],{"class":202},[45,68919,73],{"class":59},[45,68921,595],{"class":202},[45,68923,93],{"class":59},[45,68925,68926,68928,68930,68932],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,68927,125],{"class":124},[45,68929,109],{"class":59},[45,68931,11150],{"class":124},[45,68933,118],{"class":59},[14,68935,68936],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,68938,16641],{},[36,68940,68941],{"className":38,"code":68853,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,68942,68943,68963],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68944,68945,68947,68949,68951,68953,68955,68957,68959,68961],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68946,195],{"class":51},[45,68948,56],{"class":55},[45,68950,60],{"class":59},[45,68952,585],{"class":202},[45,68954,73],{"class":59},[45,68956,590],{"class":202},[45,68958,73],{"class":59},[45,68960,595],{"class":202},[45,68962,93],{"class":59},[45,68964,68965,68967,68969,68971,68973,68975],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,68966,125],{"class":124},[45,68968,109],{"class":59},[45,68970,11150],{"class":124},[45,68972,109],{"class":59},[45,68974,251],{"class":105},[45,68976,1802],{"class":59},[1864,68978,68980],{"id":68979},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,68982,68983,68984,68986],{},"The length of a list is ",[26,68985,178],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,68988,345],{},[36,68990,68992],{"className":38,"code":68991,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[18,68993,68994,69026],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68995,68996,68998,69000,69002,69004,69006,69008,69010,69012,69014,69016,69018,69020,69022,69024],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68997,355],{"class":51},[45,68999,56],{"class":55},[45,69001,60],{"class":59},[45,69003,64],{"class":63},[45,69005,364],{"class":67},[45,69007,64],{"class":63},[45,69009,73],{"class":59},[45,69011,76],{"class":63},[45,69013,373],{"class":67},[45,69015,64],{"class":63},[45,69017,73],{"class":59},[45,69019,76],{"class":63},[45,69021,382],{"class":67},[45,69023,64],{"class":63},[45,69025,93],{"class":59},[45,69027,69028,69030,69032,69034,69036,69038],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,69029,125],{"class":124},[45,69031,109],{"class":59},[45,69033,11150],{"class":124},[45,69035,109],{"class":59},[45,69037,391],{"class":105},[45,69039,1802],{"class":59},[14,69041,268],{},[36,69043,69044],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,69045,69046],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69047,69048],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69049,46598],{"class":202},[14,69051,69052,69053,18949,69055,102],{},"But the last index is ",[18,69054,234],{},[18,69056,2056],{},[14,69058,69059],{},"Indexes are:",[157,69061,69062,69069,69075],{},[160,69063,69064,69066,69067],{},[18,69065,2114],{}," for ",[18,69068,18081],{},[160,69070,69071,69066,69073],{},[18,69072,203],{},[18,69074,65570],{},[160,69076,69077,69066,69079],{},[18,69078,234],{},[18,69080,66452],{},[14,69082,69083],{},"So this causes an error:",[36,69085,69087],{"className":38,"code":69086,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[18,69088,69089,69121],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69090,69091,69093,69095,69097,69099,69101,69103,69105,69107,69109,69111,69113,69115,69117,69119],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69092,355],{"class":51},[45,69094,56],{"class":55},[45,69096,60],{"class":59},[45,69098,64],{"class":63},[45,69100,364],{"class":67},[45,69102,64],{"class":63},[45,69104,73],{"class":59},[45,69106,76],{"class":63},[45,69108,373],{"class":67},[45,69110,64],{"class":63},[45,69112,73],{"class":59},[45,69114,76],{"class":63},[45,69116,382],{"class":67},[45,69118,64],{"class":63},[45,69120,93],{"class":59},[45,69122,69123,69125,69127,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,69124,125],{"class":124},[45,69126,109],{"class":59},[45,69128,391],{"class":105},[45,69130,278],{"class":59},[45,69132,11150],{"class":124},[45,69134,109],{"class":59},[45,69136,391],{"class":105},[45,69138,10666],{"class":59},[14,69140,8479,69141,4774,69144,69146,69147,69149],{},[18,69142,69143],{},"len(letters)",[18,69145,2056],{},", and index ",[18,69148,2056],{}," does not exist.",[14,69151,18826],{},[36,69153,69155],{"className":38,"code":69154,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[18,69156,69157,69189],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69158,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167,69169,69171,69173,69175,69177,69179,69181,69183,69185,69187],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69160,355],{"class":51},[45,69162,56],{"class":55},[45,69164,60],{"class":59},[45,69166,64],{"class":63},[45,69168,364],{"class":67},[45,69170,64],{"class":63},[45,69172,73],{"class":59},[45,69174,76],{"class":63},[45,69176,373],{"class":67},[45,69178,64],{"class":63},[45,69180,73],{"class":59},[45,69182,76],{"class":63},[45,69184,382],{"class":67},[45,69186,64],{"class":63},[45,69188,93],{"class":59},[45,69190,69191,69193,69195,69197,69199,69201,69203,69205,69207,69209,69211],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,69192,125],{"class":124},[45,69194,109],{"class":59},[45,69196,391],{"class":105},[45,69198,278],{"class":59},[45,69200,11150],{"class":124},[45,69202,109],{"class":59},[45,69204,391],{"class":105},[45,69206,3654],{"class":59},[45,69208,2218],{"class":55},[45,69210,5488],{"class":202},[45,69212,3880],{"class":59},[14,69214,268],{},[36,69216,69218],{"className":38,"code":69217,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"c\n",[18,69219,69220],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69221,69222],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69223,69217],{"class":51},[14,69225,69226,69227,102],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[364,69228,69230],{"href":69229},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1864,69232,1736,69234,69236],{"id":69233},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[18,69235,42342],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69238,69239],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69241,69242],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[36,69244,69246],{"className":38,"code":69245,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[18,69247,69248,69258,69272,69286],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69249,69250,69252,69254,69256],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69251,125],{"class":124},[45,69253,109],{"class":59},[45,69255,1765],{"class":105},[45,69257,118],{"class":59},[45,69259,69260,69262,69264,69266,69268,69270],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,69261,125],{"class":124},[45,69263,109],{"class":59},[45,69265,11150],{"class":124},[45,69267,109],{"class":59},[45,69269,1765],{"class":105},[45,69271,1802],{"class":59},[45,69273,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69275,125],{"class":124},[45,69277,109],{"class":59},[45,69279,1811],{"class":315},[45,69281,109],{"class":59},[45,69283,1765],{"class":105},[45,69285,1802],{"class":59},[45,69287,69288,69290,69292,69294,69296,69298],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,69289,125],{"class":124},[45,69291,109],{"class":59},[45,69293,1765],{"class":105},[45,69295,278],{"class":59},[45,69297,2114],{"class":202},[45,69299,3880],{"class":59},[14,69301,69302],{},"These help you verify:",[157,69304,69305,69308,69310,69313],{},[160,69306,69307],{},"what the variable contains",[160,69309,60761],{},[160,69311,69312],{},"whether it is really a list",[160,69314,69315],{},"what the first item is",[14,69317,69318,69319,69322],{},"Be careful with ",[18,69320,69321],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[31,69324,4952,69326,69328],{"id":69325},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[18,69327,42342],{}," with lists",[14,69330,69331,69332,69334],{},"You will often use ",[18,69333,42342],{}," in real programs.",[14,69336,9360],{},[157,69338,69339,69341,69344,69347],{},[160,69340,51752],{},[160,69342,69343],{},"Control loops",[160,69345,69346],{},"Validate input or results",[160,69348,69349],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69351,69352],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[36,69354,69356],{"className":38,"code":69355,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[18,69357,69358,69378,69394,69398,69412,69426],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69359,69360,69362,69364,69366,69368,69370,69372,69374,69376],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69361,2548],{"class":51},[45,69363,56],{"class":55},[45,69365,60],{"class":59},[45,69367,203],{"class":202},[45,69369,73],{"class":59},[45,69371,208],{"class":202},[45,69373,73],{"class":59},[45,69375,213],{"class":202},[45,69377,93],{"class":59},[45,69379,69380,69382,69384,69386,69388,69390,69392],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,69381,2576],{"class":51},[45,69383,56],{"class":55},[45,69385,60],{"class":59},[45,69387,585],{"class":202},[45,69389,73],{"class":59},[45,69391,590],{"class":202},[45,69393,93],{"class":59},[45,69395,69396],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69397,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,69399,69400,69402,69404,69406,69408,69410],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,69401,125],{"class":124},[45,69403,109],{"class":59},[45,69405,11150],{"class":124},[45,69407,109],{"class":59},[45,69409,364],{"class":105},[45,69411,1802],{"class":59},[45,69413,69414,69416,69418,69420,69422,69424],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,69415,125],{"class":124},[45,69417,109],{"class":59},[45,69419,11150],{"class":124},[45,69421,109],{"class":59},[45,69423,373],{"class":105},[45,69425,1802],{"class":59},[45,69427,69428,69430,69432,69434,69436,69438,69440,69442,69444,69446,69448],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,69429,125],{"class":124},[45,69431,109],{"class":59},[45,69433,11150],{"class":124},[45,69435,109],{"class":59},[45,69437,364],{"class":105},[45,69439,3654],{"class":59},[45,69441,38377],{"class":55},[45,69443,38367],{"class":124},[45,69445,109],{"class":59},[45,69447,373],{"class":105},[45,69449,1802],{"class":59},[14,69451,268],{},[36,69453,69455],{"className":38,"code":69454,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[18,69456,69457,69461,69465],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69458,69459],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69460,46598],{"class":202},[45,69462,69463],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,69464,17042],{"class":202},[45,69466,69467],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69468,3971],{"class":291},[14,69470,69471],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[36,69473,69475],{"className":38,"code":69474,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[18,69476,69477,69509,69513,69535],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69478,69479,69481,69483,69485,69487,69489,69491,69493,69495,69497,69499,69501,69503,69505,69507],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69480,4986],{"class":51},[45,69482,56],{"class":55},[45,69484,60],{"class":59},[45,69486,64],{"class":63},[45,69488,12867],{"class":67},[45,69490,64],{"class":63},[45,69492,73],{"class":59},[45,69494,76],{"class":63},[45,69496,35922],{"class":67},[45,69498,64],{"class":63},[45,69500,73],{"class":59},[45,69502,76],{"class":63},[45,69504,35931],{"class":67},[45,69506,64],{"class":63},[45,69508,93],{"class":59},[45,69510,69511],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,69512,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,69514,69515,69517,69520,69522,69524,69526,69528,69530,69532],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69516,970],{"class":969},[45,69518,69519],{"class":51}," i ",[45,69521,976],{"class":969},[45,69523,54053],{"class":124},[45,69525,109],{"class":59},[45,69527,11150],{"class":124},[45,69529,109],{"class":59},[45,69531,5030],{"class":105},[45,69533,69534],{"class":59},")):\n",[45,69536,69537,69539,69541,69543,69545,69548,69550,69552],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,69538,8055],{"class":124},[45,69540,109],{"class":59},[45,69542,36134],{"class":105},[45,69544,73],{"class":59},[45,69546,69547],{"class":105}," names",[45,69549,278],{"class":59},[45,69551,36134],{"class":105},[45,69553,3880],{"class":59},[14,69555,268],{},[36,69557,69558],{"className":38,"code":35980,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,69559,69560,69566,69572],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69561,69562,69564],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69563,2114],{"class":202},[45,69565,35989],{"class":51},[45,69567,69568,69570],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,69569,203],{"class":202},[45,69571,35996],{"class":51},[45,69573,69574,69576],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69575,234],{"class":202},[45,69577,36003],{"class":51},[14,69579,69580,69581,102],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[364,69582,69584],{"href":69583},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69586,69587,69588,69590],{},"You can also read ",[364,69589,51529],{"href":51528}," for a task-focused guide.",[31,69592,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,69594,69596],{"id":69595},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69598,141,69599,69602],{},[18,69600,69601],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1864,69604,5133,69606,12703],{"id":69605},"what-does-len-return",[18,69607,69608],{},"len([])",[14,69610,1877,69611,69613],{},[18,69612,2114],{}," because the list is empty.",[1864,69615,69617],{"id":69616},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69619,69620],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1864,69622,28310,69624,69626],{"id":69623},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[18,69625,68802],{}," in Python?",[14,69628,30251,69629,8208,69631,69633],{},[18,69630,68248],{},[18,69632,42342],{}," is a built-in function.",[31,69635,1909],{"id":1908},[157,69637,69638,69644,69648,69652,69656],{},[160,69639,69640],{},[364,69641,3569,69642,3502],{"href":42339},[18,69643,42342],{},[160,69645,69646],{},[364,69647,52573],{"href":51528},[160,69649,69650],{},[364,69651,52754],{"href":50961},[160,69653,69654],{},[364,69655,69230],{"href":69229},[160,69657,69658],{},[364,69659,69660],{"href":69583},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1936,69662,69663],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":69665},[69666,69667,69669,69670,69671,69672,69680,69682,69690],{"id":15148,"depth":96,"text":15149},{"id":68240,"depth":96,"text":69668},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":447,"depth":96,"text":448},{"id":68509,"depth":96,"text":68510},{"id":68650,"depth":96,"text":68651},{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":69673},[69674,69676,69677,69678],{"id":68799,"depth":121,"text":69675},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25669,"depth":121,"text":25670},{"id":68979,"depth":121,"text":68980},{"id":69233,"depth":121,"text":69679},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69325,"depth":96,"text":69681},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":69683},[69684,69685,69687,69688],{"id":69595,"depth":121,"text":69596},{"id":69605,"depth":121,"text":69686},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69616,"depth":121,"text":69617},{"id":69623,"depth":121,"text":69689},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68135,"description":69691},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69697,"title":69698,"body":69699,"description":71678,"extension":1958,"meta":71679,"navigation":241,"path":71680,"seo":71681,"stem":71682,"__hash__":71683},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69700,"toc":71651},[69701,69704,69709,69712,69720,69733,69735,69800,69802,69824,69829,69833,69838,69846,69848,69858,69860,69941,69943,69973,69975,69994,69999,70016,70018,70102,70104,70134,70139,70143,70149,70233,70235,70265,70268,70272,70275,70366,70368,70405,70408,70493,70495,70525,70531,70538,70542,70547,70556,70558,70643,70645,70674,70677,70685,70689,70693,70702,70725,70727,70749,70751,70765,70767,70827,70831,70836,70875,70877,70894,70896,70906,71005,71010,71014,71019,71062,71064,71092,71094,71108,71183,71185,71207,71211,71214,71219,71230,71235,71243,71246,71317,71319,71344,71401,71403,71424,71433,71441,71446,71448,71453,71474,71476,71551,71554,71568,71575,71577,71581,71587,71591,71601,71605,71612,71616,71622,71624,71648],[10,69702,69698],{"id":69703},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69705,69706,69708],{},[18,69707,55061],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69710,69711],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[157,69713,69714,69717],{},[160,69715,69716],{},"delete an item from a list",[160,69718,69719],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69721,69722,69723,69725,69726,8689,69728,69732],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[18,69724,1304],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[18,69727,1304],{},[364,69729,69730],{"href":55053},[18,69731,154],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[31,69734,34],{"id":33},[36,69736,69738],{"className":38,"code":69737,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,69739,69740,69760,69775,69779,69790],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69741,69742,69744,69746,69748,69750,69752,69754,69756,69758],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69743,195],{"class":51},[45,69745,56],{"class":55},[45,69747,60],{"class":59},[45,69749,585],{"class":202},[45,69751,73],{"class":59},[45,69753,590],{"class":202},[45,69755,73],{"class":59},[45,69757,595],{"class":202},[45,69759,93],{"class":59},[45,69761,69762,69765,69767,69769,69771,69773],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,69763,69764],{"class":51},"last_item ",[45,69766,56],{"class":55},[45,69768,225],{"class":51},[45,69770,102],{"class":59},[45,69772,1485],{"class":105},[45,69774,8627],{"class":59},[45,69776,69777],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69778,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,69780,69781,69783,69785,69788],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,69782,125],{"class":124},[45,69784,109],{"class":59},[45,69786,69787],{"class":105},"last_item",[45,69789,118],{"class":59},[45,69791,69792,69794,69796,69798],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,69793,125],{"class":124},[45,69795,109],{"class":59},[45,69797,251],{"class":105},[45,69799,118],{"class":59},[14,69801,268],{},[36,69803,69805],{"className":38,"code":69804,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[18,69806,69807,69812],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69808,69809],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69810,69811],{"class":202},"30\n",[45,69813,69814,69816,69818,69820,69822],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,69815,278],{"class":59},[45,69817,585],{"class":202},[45,69819,73],{"class":59},[45,69821,590],{"class":202},[45,69823,93],{"class":59},[14,69825,141,69826,69828],{},[18,69827,1304],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[31,69830,69832],{"id":69831},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69834,69835,69837],{},[18,69836,1304],{}," has two main jobs:",[157,69839,69840,69843],{},[160,69841,69842],{},"It removes one item from a list",[160,69844,69845],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69847,43632],{},[157,69849,69850,69853,69856],{},[160,69851,69852],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[160,69854,69855],{},"It changes the original list",[160,69857,52728],{},[14,69859,345],{},[36,69861,69863],{"className":38,"code":69862,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,69864,69865,69897,69901,69916,69920,69931],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69866,69867,69869,69871,69873,69875,69877,69879,69881,69883,69885,69887,69889,69891,69893,69895],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69868,461],{"class":51},[45,69870,56],{"class":55},[45,69872,60],{"class":59},[45,69874,64],{"class":63},[45,69876,470],{"class":67},[45,69878,64],{"class":63},[45,69880,73],{"class":59},[45,69882,76],{"class":63},[45,69884,488],{"class":67},[45,69886,64],{"class":63},[45,69888,73],{"class":59},[45,69890,76],{"class":63},[45,69892,479],{"class":67},[45,69894,64],{"class":63},[45,69896,93],{"class":59},[45,69898,69899],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,69900,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,69902,69903,69906,69908,69910,69912,69914],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69904,69905],{"class":51},"removed ",[45,69907,56],{"class":55},[45,69909,13108],{"class":51},[45,69911,102],{"class":59},[45,69913,1485],{"class":105},[45,69915,8627],{"class":59},[45,69917,69918],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,69919,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,69921,69922,69924,69926,69929],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,69923,125],{"class":124},[45,69925,109],{"class":59},[45,69927,69928],{"class":105},"removed",[45,69930,118],{"class":59},[45,69932,69933,69935,69937,69939],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,69934,125],{"class":124},[45,69936,109],{"class":59},[45,69938,497],{"class":105},[45,69940,118],{"class":59},[14,69942,268],{},[36,69944,69946],{"className":38,"code":69945,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[18,69947,69948,69953],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69949,69950],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69951,69952],{"class":51},"blue\n",[45,69954,69955,69957,69959,69961,69963,69965,69967,69969,69971],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,69956,278],{"class":59},[45,69958,429],{"class":63},[45,69960,470],{"class":67},[45,69962,429],{"class":63},[45,69964,73],{"class":59},[45,69966,438],{"class":63},[45,69968,488],{"class":67},[45,69970,429],{"class":63},[45,69972,93],{"class":59},[31,69974,2153],{"id":2152},[36,69976,69978],{"className":38,"code":69977,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list.pop([index])\n",[18,69979,69980],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69981,69982,69984,69986,69988,69990,69992],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69983,316],{"class":315},[45,69985,102],{"class":59},[45,69987,1485],{"class":105},[45,69989,2979],{"class":59},[45,69991,1321],{"class":105},[45,69993,3880],{"class":59},[14,69995,16,69996,69998],{},[18,69997,1321],{}," is optional.",[157,70000,70001,70007,70013],{},[160,70002,70003,70004,70006],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[18,70005,1304],{}," removes the last item",[160,70008,70009,70010,70012],{},"If you give an index, ",[18,70011,1304],{}," removes the item at that position",[160,70014,70015],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,70017,345],{},[36,70019,70021],{"className":38,"code":70020,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,70022,70023,70055,70059,70078,70082,70092],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70024,70025,70027,70029,70031,70033,70035,70037,70039,70041,70043,70045,70047,70049,70051,70053],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70026,355],{"class":51},[45,70028,56],{"class":55},[45,70030,60],{"class":59},[45,70032,64],{"class":63},[45,70034,364],{"class":67},[45,70036,64],{"class":63},[45,70038,73],{"class":59},[45,70040,76],{"class":63},[45,70042,373],{"class":67},[45,70044,64],{"class":63},[45,70046,73],{"class":59},[45,70048,76],{"class":63},[45,70050,382],{"class":67},[45,70052,64],{"class":63},[45,70054,93],{"class":59},[45,70056,70057],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,70058,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,70060,70061,70063,70065,70068,70070,70072,70074,70076],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70062,966],{"class":51},[45,70064,56],{"class":55},[45,70066,70067],{"class":51}," letters",[45,70069,102],{"class":59},[45,70071,1485],{"class":105},[45,70073,109],{"class":59},[45,70075,203],{"class":202},[45,70077,118],{"class":59},[45,70079,70080],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,70081,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,70083,70084,70086,70088,70090],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,70085,125],{"class":124},[45,70087,109],{"class":59},[45,70089,23293],{"class":105},[45,70091,118],{"class":59},[45,70093,70094,70096,70098,70100],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,70095,125],{"class":124},[45,70097,109],{"class":59},[45,70099,391],{"class":105},[45,70101,118],{"class":59},[14,70103,268],{},[36,70105,70107],{"className":38,"code":70106,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[18,70108,70109,70114],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70110,70111],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70112,70113],{"class":51},"b\n",[45,70115,70116,70118,70120,70122,70124,70126,70128,70130,70132],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,70117,278],{"class":59},[45,70119,429],{"class":63},[45,70121,364],{"class":67},[45,70123,429],{"class":63},[45,70125,73],{"class":59},[45,70127,438],{"class":63},[45,70129,382],{"class":67},[45,70131,429],{"class":63},[45,70133,93],{"class":59},[14,70135,70136,70137,102],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[364,70138,52754],{"href":50961},[31,70140,70142],{"id":70141},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,70144,70145,70146,70148],{},"When you call ",[18,70147,1304],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[36,70150,70152],{"className":38,"code":70151,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[18,70153,70154,70189,70193,70208,70212,70223],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70155,70156,70158,70160,70162,70164,70167,70169,70171,70173,70176,70178,70180,70182,70185,70187],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70157,29879],{"class":51},[45,70159,56],{"class":55},[45,70161,60],{"class":59},[45,70163,64],{"class":63},[45,70165,70166],{"class":67},"write",[45,70168,64],{"class":63},[45,70170,73],{"class":59},[45,70172,76],{"class":63},[45,70174,70175],{"class":67},"test",[45,70177,64],{"class":63},[45,70179,73],{"class":59},[45,70181,76],{"class":63},[45,70183,70184],{"class":67},"submit",[45,70186,64],{"class":63},[45,70188,93],{"class":59},[45,70190,70191],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,70192,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,70194,70195,70198,70200,70202,70204,70206],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70196,70197],{"class":51},"last_task ",[45,70199,56],{"class":55},[45,70201,29956],{"class":51},[45,70203,102],{"class":59},[45,70205,1485],{"class":105},[45,70207,8627],{"class":59},[45,70209,70210],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,70211,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,70213,70214,70216,70218,70221],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,70215,125],{"class":124},[45,70217,109],{"class":59},[45,70219,70220],{"class":105},"last_task",[45,70222,118],{"class":59},[45,70224,70225,70227,70229,70231],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,70226,125],{"class":124},[45,70228,109],{"class":59},[45,70230,36486],{"class":105},[45,70232,118],{"class":59},[14,70234,268],{},[36,70236,70238],{"className":38,"code":70237,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[18,70239,70240,70245],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70241,70242],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70243,70244],{"class":51},"submit\n",[45,70246,70247,70249,70251,70253,70255,70257,70259,70261,70263],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,70248,278],{"class":59},[45,70250,429],{"class":63},[45,70252,70166],{"class":67},[45,70254,429],{"class":63},[45,70256,73],{"class":59},[45,70258,438],{"class":63},[45,70260,70175],{"class":67},[45,70262,429],{"class":63},[45,70264,93],{"class":59},[14,70266,70267],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[31,70269,70271],{"id":70270},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70273,70274],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[36,70276,70278],{"className":38,"code":70277,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70279,70280,70320,70324,70342,70346,70356],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70281,70282,70284,70286,70288,70290,70292,70294,70296,70298,70300,70302,70304,70306,70308,70310,70312,70314,70316,70318],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70283,36219],{"class":51},[45,70285,56],{"class":55},[45,70287,60],{"class":59},[45,70289,64],{"class":63},[45,70291,68],{"class":67},[45,70293,64],{"class":63},[45,70295,73],{"class":59},[45,70297,76],{"class":63},[45,70299,79],{"class":67},[45,70301,64],{"class":63},[45,70303,73],{"class":59},[45,70305,76],{"class":63},[45,70307,4087],{"class":67},[45,70309,64],{"class":63},[45,70311,73],{"class":59},[45,70313,76],{"class":63},[45,70315,88],{"class":67},[45,70317,64],{"class":63},[45,70319,93],{"class":59},[45,70321,70322],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,70323,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,70325,70326,70328,70330,70332,70334,70336,70338,70340],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70327,69905],{"class":51},[45,70329,56],{"class":55},[45,70331,52834],{"class":51},[45,70333,102],{"class":59},[45,70335,1485],{"class":105},[45,70337,109],{"class":59},[45,70339,203],{"class":202},[45,70341,118],{"class":59},[45,70343,70344],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,70345,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,70347,70348,70350,70352,70354],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,70349,125],{"class":124},[45,70351,109],{"class":59},[45,70353,69928],{"class":105},[45,70355,118],{"class":59},[45,70357,70358,70360,70362,70364],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,70359,125],{"class":124},[45,70361,109],{"class":59},[45,70363,36271],{"class":105},[45,70365,118],{"class":59},[14,70367,268],{},[36,70369,70371],{"className":38,"code":70370,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[18,70372,70373,70377],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70374,70375],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70376,1548],{"class":51},[45,70378,70379,70381,70383,70385,70387,70389,70391,70393,70395,70397,70399,70401,70403],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,70380,278],{"class":59},[45,70382,429],{"class":63},[45,70384,68],{"class":67},[45,70386,429],{"class":63},[45,70388,73],{"class":59},[45,70390,438],{"class":63},[45,70392,4087],{"class":67},[45,70394,429],{"class":63},[45,70396,73],{"class":59},[45,70398,438],{"class":63},[45,70400,88],{"class":67},[45,70402,429],{"class":63},[45,70404,93],{"class":59},[14,70406,70407],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[36,70409,70411],{"className":38,"code":70410,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70412,70413,70445,70449,70469,70473,70483],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70414,70415,70417,70419,70421,70423,70425,70427,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70416,36219],{"class":51},[45,70418,56],{"class":55},[45,70420,60],{"class":59},[45,70422,64],{"class":63},[45,70424,68],{"class":67},[45,70426,64],{"class":63},[45,70428,73],{"class":59},[45,70430,76],{"class":63},[45,70432,79],{"class":67},[45,70434,64],{"class":63},[45,70436,73],{"class":59},[45,70438,76],{"class":63},[45,70440,4087],{"class":67},[45,70442,64],{"class":63},[45,70444,93],{"class":59},[45,70446,70447],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,70448,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,70450,70451,70453,70455,70457,70459,70461,70463,70465,70467],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70452,69905],{"class":51},[45,70454,56],{"class":55},[45,70456,52834],{"class":51},[45,70458,102],{"class":59},[45,70460,1485],{"class":105},[45,70462,109],{"class":59},[45,70464,2016],{"class":55},[45,70466,203],{"class":202},[45,70468,118],{"class":59},[45,70470,70471],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,70472,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,70474,70475,70477,70479,70481],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,70476,125],{"class":124},[45,70478,109],{"class":59},[45,70480,69928],{"class":105},[45,70482,118],{"class":59},[45,70484,70485,70487,70489,70491],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,70486,125],{"class":124},[45,70488,109],{"class":59},[45,70490,36271],{"class":105},[45,70492,118],{"class":59},[14,70494,268],{},[36,70496,70498],{"className":38,"code":70497,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,70499,70500,70505],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70501,70502],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70503,70504],{"class":51},"cherry\n",[45,70506,70507,70509,70511,70513,70515,70517,70519,70521,70523],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,70508,278],{"class":59},[45,70510,429],{"class":63},[45,70512,68],{"class":67},[45,70514,429],{"class":63},[45,70516,73],{"class":59},[45,70518,438],{"class":63},[45,70520,79],{"class":67},[45,70522,429],{"class":63},[45,70524,93],{"class":59},[14,70526,70527,70528,70530],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[18,70529,65825],{}," means the last item.",[14,70532,70533,70534,102],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[364,70535,70536,10728],{"href":1856},[18,70537,64843],{},[31,70539,70541],{"id":70540},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70543,70544,70546],{},[18,70545,1304],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70548,70549,70550,1301,70552,102],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[18,70551,1304],{},[364,70553,70554],{"href":55053},[18,70555,154],{},[14,70557,345],{},[36,70559,70561],{"className":38,"code":70560,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[18,70562,70563,70595,70599,70618,70622,70633],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70564,70565,70567,70569,70571,70573,70575,70577,70579,70581,70583,70585,70587,70589,70591,70593],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70566,4986],{"class":51},[45,70568,56],{"class":55},[45,70570,60],{"class":59},[45,70572,64],{"class":63},[45,70574,12867],{"class":67},[45,70576,64],{"class":63},[45,70578,73],{"class":59},[45,70580,76],{"class":63},[45,70582,35922],{"class":67},[45,70584,64],{"class":63},[45,70586,73],{"class":59},[45,70588,76],{"class":63},[45,70590,35931],{"class":67},[45,70592,64],{"class":63},[45,70594,93],{"class":59},[45,70596,70597],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,70598,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,70600,70601,70604,70606,70608,70610,70612,70614,70616],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70602,70603],{"class":51},"removed_name ",[45,70605,56],{"class":55},[45,70607,69547],{"class":51},[45,70609,102],{"class":59},[45,70611,1485],{"class":105},[45,70613,109],{"class":59},[45,70615,2114],{"class":202},[45,70617,118],{"class":59},[45,70619,70620],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,70621,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,70623,70624,70626,70628,70631],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,70625,125],{"class":124},[45,70627,109],{"class":59},[45,70629,70630],{"class":105},"removed_name",[45,70632,118],{"class":59},[45,70634,70635,70637,70639,70641],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,70636,125],{"class":124},[45,70638,109],{"class":59},[45,70640,5030],{"class":105},[45,70642,118],{"class":59},[14,70644,268],{},[36,70646,70648],{"className":38,"code":70647,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,70649,70650,70654],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70651,70652],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70653,50022],{"class":51},[45,70655,70656,70658,70660,70662,70664,70666,70668,70670,70672],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,70657,278],{"class":59},[45,70659,429],{"class":63},[45,70661,35922],{"class":67},[45,70663,429],{"class":63},[45,70665,73],{"class":59},[45,70667,438],{"class":63},[45,70669,35931],{"class":67},[45,70671,429],{"class":63},[45,70673,93],{"class":59},[14,70675,70676],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70678,70679,70680,70682,70683,102],{},"By comparison, ",[18,70681,154],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[18,70684,301],{},[31,70686,70688],{"id":70687},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1864,70690,70692],{"id":70691},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70694,70695,70696,70698,70699,102],{},"If the list is empty, ",[18,70697,1304],{}," raises an ",[18,70700,70701],{},"IndexError",[36,70703,70705],{"className":38,"code":70704,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[18,70706,70707,70715],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70708,70709,70711,70713],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70710,52],{"class":51},[45,70712,56],{"class":55},[45,70714,7824],{"class":59},[45,70716,70717,70719,70721,70723],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,70718,99],{"class":51},[45,70720,102],{"class":59},[45,70722,1485],{"class":105},[45,70724,8627],{"class":59},[14,70726,268],{},[36,70728,70730],{"className":38,"code":70729,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[18,70731,70732],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70733,70734,70736,70738,70741,70744,70747],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70735,70701],{"class":315},[45,70737,1111],{"class":59},[45,70739,70740],{"class":51}," pop ",[45,70742,70743],{"class":969},"from",[45,70745,70746],{"class":51}," empty ",[45,70748,49868],{"class":315},[14,70750,39243],{},[157,70752,70753,70758],{},[160,70754,70755,70756],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[18,70757,1304],{},[160,70759,70760,70761,1301,70763],{},"Or handle the error with ",[18,70762,29785],{},[18,70764,29816],{},[14,70766,345],{},[36,70768,70770],{"className":38,"code":70769,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[18,70771,70772,70780,70784,70792,70806,70812],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70773,70774,70776,70778],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70775,52],{"class":51},[45,70777,56],{"class":55},[45,70779,7824],{"class":59},[45,70781,70782],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,70783,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,70785,70786,70788,70790],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70787,982],{"class":969},[45,70789,1210],{"class":51},[45,70791,1213],{"class":59},[45,70793,70794,70796,70798,70800,70802,70804],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,70795,8055],{"class":124},[45,70797,109],{"class":59},[45,70799,99],{"class":105},[45,70801,102],{"class":59},[45,70803,1485],{"class":105},[45,70805,7181],{"class":59},[45,70807,70808,70810],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,70809,27415],{"class":969},[45,70811,1213],{"class":59},[45,70813,70814,70816,70818,70820,70823,70825],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,70815,8055],{"class":124},[45,70817,109],{"class":59},[45,70819,64],{"class":63},[45,70821,70822],{"class":67},"The list is empty.",[45,70824,64],{"class":63},[45,70826,118],{"class":59},[1864,70828,70830],{"id":70829},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70832,70833,70834,102],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[18,70835,70701],{},[36,70837,70839],{"className":38,"code":70838,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[18,70840,70841,70861],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70842,70843,70845,70847,70849,70851,70853,70855,70857,70859],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70844,195],{"class":51},[45,70846,56],{"class":55},[45,70848,60],{"class":59},[45,70850,585],{"class":202},[45,70852,73],{"class":59},[45,70854,590],{"class":202},[45,70856,73],{"class":59},[45,70858,595],{"class":202},[45,70860,93],{"class":59},[45,70862,70863,70865,70867,70869,70871,70873],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,70864,251],{"class":51},[45,70866,102],{"class":59},[45,70868,1485],{"class":105},[45,70870,109],{"class":59},[45,70872,2131],{"class":202},[45,70874,118],{"class":59},[14,70876,268],{},[36,70878,70880],{"className":38,"code":70879,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[18,70881,70882],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70883,70884,70886,70888,70891],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70885,70701],{"class":315},[45,70887,1111],{"class":59},[45,70889,70890],{"class":51}," pop index out of ",[45,70892,70893],{"class":124},"range\n",[14,70895,39243],{},[157,70897,70898,70903],{},[160,70899,70900,70901],{},"Check the list length with ",[18,70902,42342],{},[160,70904,70905],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[36,70907,70909],{"className":38,"code":70908,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[18,70910,70911,70931,70940,70944,70966,70984,70990],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70912,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921,70923,70925,70927,70929],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70914,195],{"class":51},[45,70916,56],{"class":55},[45,70918,60],{"class":59},[45,70920,585],{"class":202},[45,70922,73],{"class":59},[45,70924,590],{"class":202},[45,70926,73],{"class":59},[45,70928,595],{"class":202},[45,70930,93],{"class":59},[45,70932,70933,70936,70938],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,70934,70935],{"class":51},"index ",[45,70937,56],{"class":55},[45,70939,45571],{"class":202},[45,70941,70942],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70943,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,70945,70946,70948,70950,70953,70956,70958,70960,70962,70964],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,70947,982],{"class":969},[45,70949,3827],{"class":202},[45,70951,70952],{"class":55}," \u003C=",[45,70954,70955],{"class":51}," index ",[45,70957,3284],{"class":55},[45,70959,38367],{"class":124},[45,70961,109],{"class":59},[45,70963,251],{"class":105},[45,70965,8327],{"class":59},[45,70967,70968,70970,70972,70974,70976,70978,70980,70982],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,70969,8055],{"class":124},[45,70971,109],{"class":59},[45,70973,251],{"class":105},[45,70975,102],{"class":59},[45,70977,1485],{"class":105},[45,70979,109],{"class":59},[45,70981,1321],{"class":105},[45,70983,1802],{"class":59},[45,70985,70986,70988],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,70987,27415],{"class":969},[45,70989,1213],{"class":59},[45,70991,70992,70994,70996,70998,71001,71003],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,70993,8055],{"class":124},[45,70995,109],{"class":59},[45,70997,64],{"class":63},[45,70999,71000],{"class":67},"Index is out of range.",[45,71002,64],{"class":63},[45,71004,118],{"class":59},[14,71006,71007,71008,102],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[364,71009,69230],{"href":69229},[1864,71011,71013],{"id":71012},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,71015,71016,71018],{},[18,71017,1304],{}," expects an integer index.",[36,71020,71022],{"className":38,"code":71021,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[18,71023,71024,71044],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71025,71026,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71027,195],{"class":51},[45,71029,56],{"class":55},[45,71031,60],{"class":59},[45,71033,585],{"class":202},[45,71035,73],{"class":59},[45,71037,590],{"class":202},[45,71039,73],{"class":59},[45,71041,595],{"class":202},[45,71043,93],{"class":59},[45,71045,71046,71048,71050,71052,71054,71056,71058,71060],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,71047,251],{"class":51},[45,71049,102],{"class":59},[45,71051,1485],{"class":105},[45,71053,109],{"class":59},[45,71055,64],{"class":63},[45,71057,203],{"class":67},[45,71059,64],{"class":63},[45,71061,118],{"class":59},[14,71063,268],{},[36,71065,71067],{"className":38,"code":71066,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[18,71068,71069],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71070,71071,71073,71075,71077,71079,71081,71083,71086,71089],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71072,2998],{"class":315},[45,71074,1111],{"class":59},[45,71076,438],{"class":63},[45,71078,3436],{"class":67},[45,71080,429],{"class":63},[45,71082,24600],{"class":315},[45,71084,71085],{"class":51}," cannot be interpreted ",[45,71087,71088],{"class":969},"as",[45,71090,71091],{"class":51}," an integer\n",[14,71093,39243],{},[157,71095,71096,71105],{},[160,71097,71098,71099,2185,71101,2189,71103],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[18,71100,2114],{},[18,71102,203],{},[18,71104,65825],{},[160,71106,71107],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[36,71109,71111],{"className":38,"code":71110,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71112,71113,71133,71151,71155,71173],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71114,71115,71117,71119,71121,71123,71125,71127,71129,71131],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71116,195],{"class":51},[45,71118,56],{"class":55},[45,71120,60],{"class":59},[45,71122,585],{"class":202},[45,71124,73],{"class":59},[45,71126,590],{"class":202},[45,71128,73],{"class":59},[45,71130,595],{"class":202},[45,71132,93],{"class":59},[45,71134,71135,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,71136,70935],{"class":51},[45,71138,56],{"class":55},[45,71140,45258],{"class":315},[45,71142,109],{"class":59},[45,71144,64],{"class":63},[45,71146,203],{"class":67},[45,71148,64],{"class":63},[45,71150,118],{"class":59},[45,71152,71153],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,71154,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,71156,71157,71159,71161,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,71158,125],{"class":124},[45,71160,109],{"class":59},[45,71162,251],{"class":105},[45,71164,102],{"class":59},[45,71166,1485],{"class":105},[45,71168,109],{"class":59},[45,71170,1321],{"class":105},[45,71172,1802],{"class":59},[45,71174,71175,71177,71179,71181],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,71176,125],{"class":124},[45,71178,109],{"class":59},[45,71180,251],{"class":105},[45,71182,118],{"class":59},[14,71184,268],{},[36,71186,71188],{"className":38,"code":71187,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[18,71189,71190,71195],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71191,71192],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71193,71194],{"class":202},"20\n",[45,71196,71197,71199,71201,71203,71205],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,71198,278],{"class":59},[45,71200,585],{"class":202},[45,71202,73],{"class":59},[45,71204,595],{"class":202},[45,71206,93],{"class":59},[31,71208,71210],{"id":71209},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,71212,71213],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1864,71215,141,71217,10588],{"id":71216},"use-pop-when",[18,71218,1304],{},[157,71220,71221,71224,71227],{},[160,71222,71223],{},"you want to remove by index",[160,71225,71226],{},"you want the removed item returned",[160,71228,71229],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1864,71231,141,71233,10588],{"id":71232},"use-remove-when",[18,71234,154],{},[157,71236,71237,71240],{},[160,71238,71239],{},"you want to remove by value",[160,71241,71242],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71244,71245],{},"Compare these examples:",[36,71247,71249],{"className":38,"code":71248,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71250,71251,71275,71279,71297,71307],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71252,71253,71255,71257,71259,71261,71263,71265,71267,71269,71271,71273],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71254,195],{"class":51},[45,71256,56],{"class":55},[45,71258,60],{"class":59},[45,71260,585],{"class":202},[45,71262,73],{"class":59},[45,71264,590],{"class":202},[45,71266,73],{"class":59},[45,71268,595],{"class":202},[45,71270,73],{"class":59},[45,71272,590],{"class":202},[45,71274,93],{"class":59},[45,71276,71277],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,71278,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,71280,71281,71283,71285,71287,71289,71291,71293,71295],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,71282,69905],{"class":51},[45,71284,56],{"class":55},[45,71286,225],{"class":51},[45,71288,102],{"class":59},[45,71290,1485],{"class":105},[45,71292,109],{"class":59},[45,71294,203],{"class":202},[45,71296,118],{"class":59},[45,71298,71299,71301,71303,71305],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,71300,125],{"class":124},[45,71302,109],{"class":59},[45,71304,69928],{"class":105},[45,71306,118],{"class":59},[45,71308,71309,71311,71313,71315],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,71310,125],{"class":124},[45,71312,109],{"class":59},[45,71314,251],{"class":105},[45,71316,118],{"class":59},[14,71318,268],{},[36,71320,71322],{"className":38,"code":71321,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71323,71324,71328],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71325,71326],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71327,71194],{"class":202},[45,71329,71330,71332,71334,71336,71338,71340,71342],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,71331,278],{"class":59},[45,71333,585],{"class":202},[45,71335,73],{"class":59},[45,71337,595],{"class":202},[45,71339,73],{"class":59},[45,71341,590],{"class":202},[45,71343,93],{"class":59},[36,71345,71347],{"className":38,"code":71346,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71348,71349,71373,71377,71391],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71350,71351,71353,71355,71357,71359,71361,71363,71365,71367,71369,71371],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71352,195],{"class":51},[45,71354,56],{"class":55},[45,71356,60],{"class":59},[45,71358,585],{"class":202},[45,71360,73],{"class":59},[45,71362,590],{"class":202},[45,71364,73],{"class":59},[45,71366,595],{"class":202},[45,71368,73],{"class":59},[45,71370,590],{"class":202},[45,71372,93],{"class":59},[45,71374,71375],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,71376,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,71378,71379,71381,71383,71385,71387,71389],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,71380,251],{"class":51},[45,71382,102],{"class":59},[45,71384,106],{"class":105},[45,71386,109],{"class":59},[45,71388,15741],{"class":202},[45,71390,118],{"class":59},[45,71392,71393,71395,71397,71399],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,71394,125],{"class":124},[45,71396,109],{"class":59},[45,71398,251],{"class":105},[45,71400,118],{"class":59},[14,71402,268],{},[36,71404,71406],{"className":38,"code":71405,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71407,71408],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71409,71410,71412,71414,71416,71418,71420,71422],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71411,278],{"class":59},[45,71413,585],{"class":202},[45,71415,73],{"class":59},[45,71417,595],{"class":202},[45,71419,73],{"class":59},[45,71421,590],{"class":202},[45,71423,93],{"class":59},[14,71425,71426,71427,71430,71431,102],{},"In the first example, ",[18,71428,71429],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[18,71432,203],{},[14,71434,56582,71435,71438,71439,102],{},[18,71436,71437],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[18,71440,15741],{},[14,71442,71443,71444,102],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[364,71445,1705],{"href":1704},[31,71447,1709],{"id":1708},[14,71449,71450,71451,1111],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[18,71452,1304],{},[157,71454,71455,71458,71461,71467,71471],{},[160,71456,71457],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[160,71459,71460],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[160,71462,37184,71463,8689,71465],{},[18,71464,1304],{},[18,71466,154],{},[160,71468,1722,71469,61949],{},[18,71470,1304],{},[160,71472,71473],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71475,1751],{},[36,71477,71479],{"className":38,"code":71478,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[18,71480,71481,71491,71505,71519,71537],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71482,71483,71485,71487,71489],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71484,125],{"class":124},[45,71486,109],{"class":59},[45,71488,1765],{"class":105},[45,71490,118],{"class":59},[45,71492,71493,71495,71497,71499,71501,71503],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,71494,125],{"class":124},[45,71496,109],{"class":59},[45,71498,11150],{"class":124},[45,71500,109],{"class":59},[45,71502,1765],{"class":105},[45,71504,1802],{"class":59},[45,71506,71507,71509,71511,71513,71515,71517],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,71508,125],{"class":124},[45,71510,109],{"class":59},[45,71512,1765],{"class":105},[45,71514,102],{"class":59},[45,71516,1485],{"class":105},[45,71518,7181],{"class":59},[45,71520,71521,71523,71525,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,71522,125],{"class":124},[45,71524,109],{"class":59},[45,71526,1765],{"class":105},[45,71528,102],{"class":59},[45,71530,1485],{"class":105},[45,71532,109],{"class":59},[45,71534,2114],{"class":202},[45,71536,1802],{"class":59},[45,71538,71539,71541,71543,71545,71547,71549],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,71540,125],{"class":124},[45,71542,109],{"class":59},[45,71544,1811],{"class":315},[45,71546,109],{"class":59},[45,71548,1321],{"class":105},[45,71550,1802],{"class":59},[14,71552,71553],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[157,71555,71556,71562],{},[160,71557,71558,71561],{},[18,71559,71560],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[160,71563,71564,71567],{},[18,71565,71566],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71569,71570,71571,71574],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[18,71572,71573],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[31,71576,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,71578,71580],{"id":71579},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71582,71583,71584,71586],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[18,71585,1304],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1864,71588,71590],{"id":71589},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71592,71593,71595,71596,71598,71599,102],{},[18,71594,1304],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[18,71597,154],{}," removes by value and returns ",[18,71600,301],{},[1864,71602,71604],{"id":71603},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71606,71607,71608,71611],{},"Yes. For example, ",[18,71609,71610],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1864,71613,71615],{"id":71614},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71617,71618,71619,71621],{},"Python raises ",[18,71620,70701],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[31,71623,1909],{"id":1908},[157,71625,71626,71630,71635,71639,71644],{},[160,71627,71628],{},[364,71629,1916],{"href":1704},[160,71631,71632],{},[364,71633,71634],{"href":55053},"Python list remove() method",[160,71636,71637],{},[364,71638,1857],{"href":1856},[160,71640,71641],{},[364,71642,71643],{"href":50961},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[160,71645,71646],{},[364,71647,69230],{"href":69229},[1936,71649,71650],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":71652},[71653,71654,71655,71656,71657,71658,71659,71664,71670,71671,71677],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":69831,"depth":96,"text":69832},{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":70141,"depth":96,"text":70142},{"id":70270,"depth":96,"text":70271},{"id":70540,"depth":96,"text":70541},{"id":70687,"depth":96,"text":70688,"children":71660},[71661,71662,71663],{"id":70691,"depth":121,"text":70692},{"id":70829,"depth":121,"text":70830},{"id":71012,"depth":121,"text":71013},{"id":71209,"depth":96,"text":71210,"children":71665},[71666,71668],{"id":71216,"depth":121,"text":71667},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71232,"depth":121,"text":71669},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":71672},[71673,71674,71675,71676],{"id":71579,"depth":121,"text":71580},{"id":71589,"depth":121,"text":71590},{"id":71603,"depth":121,"text":71604},{"id":71614,"depth":121,"text":71615},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73353,"toc":75213},[73354,73360,73366,73369,73380,73382,73431,73436,73441,73445,73460,73462,73527,73529,73570,73572,73574,73589,73591,73602,73604,73661,73663,73696,73698,73701,73750,73752,73777,73779,73795,73801,73808,73869,73871,73904,73909,73912,73992,73994,74055,74061,74065,74068,74132,74134,74159,74161,74181,74183,74232,74234,74255,74264,74267,74271,74276,74321,74323,74344,74350,74355,74363,74427,74429,74466,74472,74476,74483,74548,74550,74587,74591,74608,74618,74623,74628,74639,74646,74648,74654,74677,74680,74707,74712,74715,74816,74818,74873,74876,74983,74985,75056,75059,75085,75087,75092,75096,75104,75109,75114,75120,75125,75129,75132,75149,75152,75172,75180,75182,75210],[10,73355,54325,73357,11311],{"id":73356},"python-list-reverse-method",[18,73358,73359],{},"reverse()",[14,73361,73362,73365],{},[18,73363,73364],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73367,73368],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73370,73371,73372,73374,73375,73379],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[18,73373,73359],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[364,73376,73378],{"href":73377},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[31,73381,3603],{"id":3602},[36,73383,73385],{"className":38,"code":73384,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[18,73386,73387,73407,73418],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73388,73389,73391,73393,73395,73397,73399,73401,73403,73405],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73390,195],{"class":51},[45,73392,56],{"class":55},[45,73394,60],{"class":59},[45,73396,203],{"class":202},[45,73398,73],{"class":59},[45,73400,208],{"class":202},[45,73402,73],{"class":59},[45,73404,213],{"class":202},[45,73406,93],{"class":59},[45,73408,73409,73411,73413,73416],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,73410,251],{"class":51},[45,73412,102],{"class":59},[45,73414,73415],{"class":105},"reverse",[45,73417,8627],{"class":59},[45,73419,73420,73422,73424,73426,73428],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,73421,125],{"class":124},[45,73423,109],{"class":59},[45,73425,251],{"class":105},[45,73427,3654],{"class":59},[45,73429,73430],{"class":137},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73432,73433,73435],{},[18,73434,73359],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[31,73437,3671,73439,3674],{"id":73438},"what-listreverse-does",[18,73440,73364],{},[14,73442,73443,1111],{},[18,73444,73364],{},[157,73446,73447,73450,73453,73457],{},[160,73448,73449],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[160,73451,73452],{},"Changes the original list directly",[160,73454,11412,73455],{},[18,73456,301],{},[160,73458,73459],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73461,345],{},[36,73463,73465],{"className":38,"code":73464,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[18,73466,73467,73507,73517],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73468,73469,73471,73473,73475,73477,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487,73489,73491,73493,73495,73497,73499,73501,73503,73505],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73470,355],{"class":51},[45,73472,56],{"class":55},[45,73474,60],{"class":59},[45,73476,64],{"class":63},[45,73478,364],{"class":67},[45,73480,64],{"class":63},[45,73482,73],{"class":59},[45,73484,76],{"class":63},[45,73486,373],{"class":67},[45,73488,64],{"class":63},[45,73490,73],{"class":59},[45,73492,76],{"class":63},[45,73494,382],{"class":67},[45,73496,64],{"class":63},[45,73498,73],{"class":59},[45,73500,76],{"class":63},[45,73502,18753],{"class":67},[45,73504,64],{"class":63},[45,73506,93],{"class":59},[45,73508,73509,73511,73513,73515],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,73510,391],{"class":51},[45,73512,102],{"class":59},[45,73514,73415],{"class":105},[45,73516,8627],{"class":59},[45,73518,73519,73521,73523,73525],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,73520,125],{"class":124},[45,73522,109],{"class":59},[45,73524,391],{"class":105},[45,73526,118],{"class":59},[14,73528,268],{},[36,73530,73532],{"className":38,"code":73531,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[18,73533,73534],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73535,73536,73538,73540,73542,73544,73546,73548,73550,73552,73554,73556,73558,73560,73562,73564,73566,73568],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73537,278],{"class":59},[45,73539,429],{"class":63},[45,73541,18753],{"class":67},[45,73543,429],{"class":63},[45,73545,73],{"class":59},[45,73547,438],{"class":63},[45,73549,382],{"class":67},[45,73551,429],{"class":63},[45,73553,73],{"class":59},[45,73555,438],{"class":63},[45,73557,373],{"class":67},[45,73559,429],{"class":63},[45,73561,73],{"class":59},[45,73563,438],{"class":63},[45,73565,364],{"class":67},[45,73567,429],{"class":63},[45,73569,93],{"class":59},[31,73571,2153],{"id":2152},[14,73573,2156],{},[36,73575,73577],{"className":38,"code":73576,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.reverse()\n",[18,73578,73579],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73580,73581,73583,73585,73587],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73582,1765],{"class":51},[45,73584,102],{"class":59},[45,73586,73415],{"class":105},[45,73588,8627],{"class":59},[14,73590,13039],{},[157,73592,73593,73596,73599],{},[160,73594,73595],{},"No arguments are needed",[160,73597,73598],{},"You call it on an existing list",[160,73600,73601],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73603,345],{},[36,73605,73607],{"className":38,"code":73606,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[18,73608,73609,73641,73651],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73610,73611,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621,73623,73625,73627,73629,73631,73633,73635,73637,73639],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73612,461],{"class":51},[45,73614,56],{"class":55},[45,73616,60],{"class":59},[45,73618,64],{"class":63},[45,73620,470],{"class":67},[45,73622,64],{"class":63},[45,73624,73],{"class":59},[45,73626,76],{"class":63},[45,73628,488],{"class":67},[45,73630,64],{"class":63},[45,73632,73],{"class":59},[45,73634,76],{"class":63},[45,73636,479],{"class":67},[45,73638,64],{"class":63},[45,73640,93],{"class":59},[45,73642,73643,73645,73647,73649],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,73644,497],{"class":51},[45,73646,102],{"class":59},[45,73648,73415],{"class":105},[45,73650,8627],{"class":59},[45,73652,73653,73655,73657,73659],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,73654,125],{"class":124},[45,73656,109],{"class":59},[45,73658,497],{"class":105},[45,73660,118],{"class":59},[14,73662,268],{},[36,73664,73666],{"className":38,"code":73665,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[18,73667,73668],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73669,73670,73672,73674,73676,73678,73680,73682,73684,73686,73688,73690,73692,73694],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73671,278],{"class":59},[45,73673,429],{"class":63},[45,73675,479],{"class":67},[45,73677,429],{"class":63},[45,73679,73],{"class":59},[45,73681,438],{"class":63},[45,73683,488],{"class":67},[45,73685,429],{"class":63},[45,73687,73],{"class":59},[45,73689,438],{"class":63},[45,73691,470],{"class":67},[45,73693,429],{"class":63},[45,73695,93],{"class":59},[31,73697,11464],{"id":11463},[14,73699,73700],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[36,73702,73704],{"className":38,"code":73703,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73705,73706,73730,73740],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73707,73708,73710,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73709,195],{"class":51},[45,73711,56],{"class":55},[45,73713,60],{"class":59},[45,73715,585],{"class":202},[45,73717,73],{"class":59},[45,73719,590],{"class":202},[45,73721,73],{"class":59},[45,73723,595],{"class":202},[45,73725,73],{"class":59},[45,73727,600],{"class":202},[45,73729,93],{"class":59},[45,73731,73732,73734,73736,73738],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,73733,251],{"class":51},[45,73735,102],{"class":59},[45,73737,73415],{"class":105},[45,73739,8627],{"class":59},[45,73741,73742,73744,73746,73748],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,73743,125],{"class":124},[45,73745,109],{"class":59},[45,73747,251],{"class":105},[45,73749,118],{"class":59},[14,73751,268],{},[36,73753,73755],{"className":38,"code":73754,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,73756,73757],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73758,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769,73771,73773,73775],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73760,278],{"class":59},[45,73762,56670],{"class":202},[45,73764,73],{"class":59},[45,73766,595],{"class":202},[45,73768,73],{"class":59},[45,73770,590],{"class":202},[45,73772,73],{"class":59},[45,73774,5991],{"class":202},[45,73776,93],{"class":59},[14,73778,551],{},[157,73780,73781,73787,73792],{},[160,73782,73783,73784],{},"The list starts as ",[18,73785,73786],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[160,73788,73789,73791],{},[18,73790,73359],{}," flips the order",[160,73793,73794],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[31,73796,73798,73800],{"id":73797},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[18,73799,73359],{}," changes the original list",[14,73802,73803,73804,73807],{},"This method is ",[26,73805,73806],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[36,73809,73811],{"className":38,"code":73810,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,73812,73813,73845,73855,73859],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73814,73815,73817,73819,73821,73823,73825,73827,73829,73831,73833,73835,73837,73839,73841,73843],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73816,36219],{"class":51},[45,73818,56],{"class":55},[45,73820,60],{"class":59},[45,73822,64],{"class":63},[45,73824,68],{"class":67},[45,73826,64],{"class":63},[45,73828,73],{"class":59},[45,73830,76],{"class":63},[45,73832,79],{"class":67},[45,73834,64],{"class":63},[45,73836,73],{"class":59},[45,73838,76],{"class":63},[45,73840,4087],{"class":67},[45,73842,64],{"class":63},[45,73844,93],{"class":59},[45,73846,73847,73849,73851,73853],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,73848,36271],{"class":51},[45,73850,102],{"class":59},[45,73852,73415],{"class":105},[45,73854,8627],{"class":59},[45,73856,73857],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,73858,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,73860,73861,73863,73865,73867],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,73862,125],{"class":124},[45,73864,109],{"class":59},[45,73866,36271],{"class":105},[45,73868,118],{"class":59},[14,73870,268],{},[36,73872,73874],{"className":38,"code":73873,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,73875,73876],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73877,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886,73888,73890,73892,73894,73896,73898,73900,73902],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73879,278],{"class":59},[45,73881,429],{"class":63},[45,73883,4087],{"class":67},[45,73885,429],{"class":63},[45,73887,73],{"class":59},[45,73889,438],{"class":63},[45,73891,79],{"class":67},[45,73893,429],{"class":63},[45,73895,73],{"class":59},[45,73897,438],{"class":63},[45,73899,68],{"class":67},[45,73901,429],{"class":63},[45,73903,93],{"class":59},[14,73905,141,73906,73908],{},[18,73907,73359],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,73910,73911],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[36,73913,73915],{"className":38,"code":73914,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[18,73916,73917,73949,73967,73971,73981],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73918,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939,73941,73943,73945,73947],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73920,36219],{"class":51},[45,73922,56],{"class":55},[45,73924,60],{"class":59},[45,73926,64],{"class":63},[45,73928,68],{"class":67},[45,73930,64],{"class":63},[45,73932,73],{"class":59},[45,73934,76],{"class":63},[45,73936,79],{"class":67},[45,73938,64],{"class":63},[45,73940,73],{"class":59},[45,73942,76],{"class":63},[45,73944,4087],{"class":67},[45,73946,64],{"class":63},[45,73948,93],{"class":59},[45,73950,73951,73954,73956,73958,73961,73963,73965],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,73952,73953],{"class":51},"reversed_fruits ",[45,73955,56],{"class":55},[45,73957,52834],{"class":51},[45,73959,73960],{"class":59},"[::",[45,73962,2016],{"class":55},[45,73964,203],{"class":202},[45,73966,93],{"class":59},[45,73968,73969],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,73970,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,73972,73973,73975,73977,73979],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,73974,125],{"class":124},[45,73976,109],{"class":59},[45,73978,36271],{"class":105},[45,73980,118],{"class":59},[45,73982,73983,73985,73987,73990],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,73984,125],{"class":124},[45,73986,109],{"class":59},[45,73988,73989],{"class":105},"reversed_fruits",[45,73991,118],{"class":59},[14,73993,268],{},[36,73995,73997],{"className":38,"code":73996,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,73998,73999,74027],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74000,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013,74015,74017,74019,74021,74023,74025],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74002,278],{"class":59},[45,74004,429],{"class":63},[45,74006,68],{"class":67},[45,74008,429],{"class":63},[45,74010,73],{"class":59},[45,74012,438],{"class":63},[45,74014,79],{"class":67},[45,74016,429],{"class":63},[45,74018,73],{"class":59},[45,74020,438],{"class":63},[45,74022,4087],{"class":67},[45,74024,429],{"class":63},[45,74026,93],{"class":59},[45,74028,74029,74031,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045,74047,74049,74051,74053],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,74030,278],{"class":59},[45,74032,429],{"class":63},[45,74034,4087],{"class":67},[45,74036,429],{"class":63},[45,74038,73],{"class":59},[45,74040,438],{"class":63},[45,74042,79],{"class":67},[45,74044,429],{"class":63},[45,74046,73],{"class":59},[45,74048,438],{"class":63},[45,74050,68],{"class":67},[45,74052,429],{"class":63},[45,74054,93],{"class":59},[14,74056,74057,74058,102],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[364,74059,74060],{"href":73377},"Python list slicing explained",[31,74062,74064],{"id":74063},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74066,74067],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[36,74069,74071],{"className":38,"code":74070,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74072,74073,74093,74107,74111,74122],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74074,74075,74077,74079,74081,74083,74085,74087,74089,74091],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74076,195],{"class":51},[45,74078,56],{"class":55},[45,74080,60],{"class":59},[45,74082,203],{"class":202},[45,74084,73],{"class":59},[45,74086,208],{"class":202},[45,74088,73],{"class":59},[45,74090,213],{"class":202},[45,74092,93],{"class":59},[45,74094,74095,74097,74099,74101,74103,74105],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,74096,55867],{"class":51},[45,74098,56],{"class":55},[45,74100,225],{"class":51},[45,74102,102],{"class":59},[45,74104,73415],{"class":105},[45,74106,8627],{"class":59},[45,74108,74109],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74110,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,74112,74113,74115,74117,74120],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,74114,125],{"class":124},[45,74116,109],{"class":59},[45,74118,74119],{"class":105},"new_list",[45,74121,118],{"class":59},[45,74123,74124,74126,74128,74130],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,74125,125],{"class":124},[45,74127,109],{"class":59},[45,74129,251],{"class":105},[45,74131,118],{"class":59},[14,74133,268],{},[36,74135,74137],{"className":38,"code":74136,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74138,74139,74143],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74140,74141],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74142,292],{"class":291},[45,74144,74145,74147,74149,74151,74153,74155,74157],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,74146,278],{"class":59},[45,74148,2056],{"class":202},[45,74150,73],{"class":59},[45,74152,208],{"class":202},[45,74154,73],{"class":59},[45,74156,5488],{"class":202},[45,74158,93],{"class":59},[14,74160,11888],{},[157,74162,74163,74171,74175],{},[160,74164,74165,74167,74168,74170],{},[18,74166,73359],{}," changes ",[18,74169,251],{}," directly",[160,74172,40887,74173,179],{},[26,74174,178],{},[160,74176,53636,74177,42136,74179],{},[18,74178,74119],{},[18,74180,301],{},[14,74182,61875],{},[36,74184,74186],{"className":38,"code":74185,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74187,74188,74208,74218,74222],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74189,74190,74192,74194,74196,74198,74200,74202,74204,74206],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74191,195],{"class":51},[45,74193,56],{"class":55},[45,74195,60],{"class":59},[45,74197,203],{"class":202},[45,74199,73],{"class":59},[45,74201,208],{"class":202},[45,74203,73],{"class":59},[45,74205,213],{"class":202},[45,74207,93],{"class":59},[45,74209,74210,74212,74214,74216],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,74211,251],{"class":51},[45,74213,102],{"class":59},[45,74215,73415],{"class":105},[45,74217,8627],{"class":59},[45,74219,74220],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74221,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,74223,74224,74226,74228,74230],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,74225,125],{"class":124},[45,74227,109],{"class":59},[45,74229,251],{"class":105},[45,74231,118],{"class":59},[14,74233,268],{},[36,74235,74237],{"className":38,"code":74236,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74238,74239],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74240,74241,74243,74245,74247,74249,74251,74253],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74242,278],{"class":59},[45,74244,2056],{"class":202},[45,74246,73],{"class":59},[45,74248,208],{"class":202},[45,74250,73],{"class":59},[45,74252,5488],{"class":202},[45,74254,93],{"class":59},[31,74256,74258,10572,74260,74263],{"id":74257},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[18,74259,73359],{},[18,74261,74262],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74265,74266],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1864,74268,74269],{"id":73415},[18,74270,73359],{},[14,74272,74273,74275],{},[18,74274,73359],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[36,74277,74279],{"className":38,"code":74278,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74280,74281,74301,74311],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74282,74283,74285,74287,74289,74291,74293,74295,74297,74299],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74284,195],{"class":51},[45,74286,56],{"class":55},[45,74288,60],{"class":59},[45,74290,2056],{"class":202},[45,74292,73],{"class":59},[45,74294,5488],{"class":202},[45,74296,73],{"class":59},[45,74298,208],{"class":202},[45,74300,93],{"class":59},[45,74302,74303,74305,74307,74309],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,74304,251],{"class":51},[45,74306,102],{"class":59},[45,74308,73415],{"class":105},[45,74310,8627],{"class":59},[45,74312,74313,74315,74317,74319],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74314,125],{"class":124},[45,74316,109],{"class":59},[45,74318,251],{"class":105},[45,74320,118],{"class":59},[14,74322,268],{},[36,74324,74326],{"className":38,"code":74325,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74327,74328],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74329,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340,74342],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74331,278],{"class":59},[45,74333,234],{"class":202},[45,74335,73],{"class":59},[45,74337,5488],{"class":202},[45,74339,73],{"class":59},[45,74341,213],{"class":202},[45,74343,93],{"class":59},[14,74345,74346,74347,74349],{},"Notice that this is ",[26,74348,178],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1864,74351,74353],{"id":74352},"sorted",[18,74354,74262],{},[14,74356,74357,74362],{},[364,74358,74360],{"href":74359},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[18,74361,74262],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[36,74364,74366],{"className":38,"code":74365,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74367,74368,74388,74403,74407,74417],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74369,74370,74372,74374,74376,74378,74380,74382,74384,74386],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74371,195],{"class":51},[45,74373,56],{"class":55},[45,74375,60],{"class":59},[45,74377,2056],{"class":202},[45,74379,73],{"class":59},[45,74381,5488],{"class":202},[45,74383,73],{"class":59},[45,74385,208],{"class":202},[45,74387,93],{"class":59},[45,74389,74390,74392,74394,74397,74399,74401],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,74391,220],{"class":51},[45,74393,56],{"class":55},[45,74395,74396],{"class":124}," sorted",[45,74398,109],{"class":59},[45,74400,251],{"class":105},[45,74402,118],{"class":59},[45,74404,74405],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74406,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,74408,74409,74411,74413,74415],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,74410,125],{"class":124},[45,74412,109],{"class":59},[45,74414,251],{"class":105},[45,74416,118],{"class":59},[45,74418,74419,74421,74423,74425],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,74420,125],{"class":124},[45,74422,109],{"class":59},[45,74424,263],{"class":105},[45,74426,118],{"class":59},[14,74428,268],{},[36,74430,74432],{"className":38,"code":74431,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,74433,74434,74450],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74435,74436,74438,74440,74442,74444,74446,74448],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74437,278],{"class":59},[45,74439,2056],{"class":202},[45,74441,73],{"class":59},[45,74443,5488],{"class":202},[45,74445,73],{"class":59},[45,74447,208],{"class":202},[45,74449,93],{"class":59},[45,74451,74452,74454,74456,74458,74460,74462,74464],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,74453,278],{"class":59},[45,74455,203],{"class":202},[45,74457,73],{"class":59},[45,74459,208],{"class":202},[45,74461,73],{"class":59},[45,74463,213],{"class":202},[45,74465,93],{"class":59},[14,74467,74468,74469,102],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[18,74470,74471],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1864,74473,74475],{"id":74474},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74477,74478,74479,74482],{},"Slicing with ",[18,74480,74481],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[36,74484,74486],{"className":38,"code":74485,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74487,74488,74508,74524,74528,74538],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74489,74490,74492,74494,74496,74498,74500,74502,74504,74506],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74491,195],{"class":51},[45,74493,56],{"class":55},[45,74495,60],{"class":59},[45,74497,2056],{"class":202},[45,74499,73],{"class":59},[45,74501,5488],{"class":202},[45,74503,73],{"class":59},[45,74505,208],{"class":202},[45,74507,93],{"class":59},[45,74509,74510,74512,74514,74516,74518,74520,74522],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,74511,220],{"class":51},[45,74513,56],{"class":55},[45,74515,225],{"class":51},[45,74517,73960],{"class":59},[45,74519,2016],{"class":55},[45,74521,203],{"class":202},[45,74523,93],{"class":59},[45,74525,74526],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74527,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,74529,74530,74532,74534,74536],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,74531,125],{"class":124},[45,74533,109],{"class":59},[45,74535,251],{"class":105},[45,74537,118],{"class":59},[45,74539,74540,74542,74544,74546],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,74541,125],{"class":124},[45,74543,109],{"class":59},[45,74545,263],{"class":105},[45,74547,118],{"class":59},[14,74549,268],{},[36,74551,74553],{"className":38,"code":74552,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74554,74555,74571],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74556,74557,74559,74561,74563,74565,74567,74569],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74558,278],{"class":59},[45,74560,2056],{"class":202},[45,74562,73],{"class":59},[45,74564,5488],{"class":202},[45,74566,73],{"class":59},[45,74568,208],{"class":202},[45,74570,93],{"class":59},[45,74572,74573,74575,74577,74579,74581,74583,74585],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,74574,278],{"class":59},[45,74576,234],{"class":202},[45,74578,73],{"class":59},[45,74580,5488],{"class":202},[45,74582,73],{"class":59},[45,74584,213],{"class":202},[45,74586,93],{"class":59},[1864,74588,74590],{"id":74589},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[157,74592,74593,74598,74603],{},[160,74594,141,74595,74597],{},[18,74596,73359],{}," when you want to change the original list",[160,74599,141,74600,74602],{},[18,74601,74481],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[160,74604,141,74605,74607],{},[18,74606,74262],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74609,74610,74611,74617],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[364,74612,74614,74615,10728],{"href":74613},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[18,74616,64289],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[31,74619,4952,74621],{"id":74620},"when-to-use-reverse",[18,74622,73359],{},[14,74624,74625,74627],{},[18,74626,73359],{}," is a good choice:",[157,74629,74630,74633,74636],{},[160,74631,74632],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[160,74634,74635],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[160,74637,74638],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74640,74641,74642,102],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[364,74643,74645],{"href":74644},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[31,74647,1709],{"id":1708},[14,74649,74650,74651,74653],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[18,74652,73359],{}," for these reasons:",[157,74655,74656,74660,74665,74670],{},[160,74657,1728,74658,12585],{},[18,74659,73359],{},[160,74661,1722,74662,74664],{},[18,74663,73359],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[160,74666,1736,74667,74669],{},[18,74668,73359],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[160,74671,37184,74672,8689,74674],{},[18,74673,73359],{},[18,74675,74676],{},"reversed()",[14,74678,74679],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[36,74681,74683],{"className":38,"code":74682,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[18,74684,74685,74697],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74686,74687,74689,74691,74693,74695],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74688,34669],{"class":51},[45,74690,56],{"class":55},[45,74692,76],{"class":63},[45,74694,3839],{"class":67},[45,74696,1194],{"class":63},[45,74698,74699,74701,74703,74705],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,74700,34690],{"class":51},[45,74702,102],{"class":59},[45,74704,73415],{"class":105},[45,74706,8627],{"class":59},[14,74708,74709,74710,33581],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[18,74711,73359],{},[14,74713,74714],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[36,74716,74718],{"className":38,"code":74717,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,74719,74720,74740,74744,74754,74768,74772,74786,74796,74800],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74721,74722,74724,74726,74728,74730,74732,74734,74736,74738],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74723,8294],{"class":51},[45,74725,56],{"class":55},[45,74727,60],{"class":59},[45,74729,203],{"class":202},[45,74731,73],{"class":59},[45,74733,208],{"class":202},[45,74735,73],{"class":59},[45,74737,213],{"class":202},[45,74739,93],{"class":59},[45,74741,74742],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,74743,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,74745,74746,74748,74750,74752],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74747,125],{"class":124},[45,74749,109],{"class":59},[45,74751,1765],{"class":105},[45,74753,118],{"class":59},[45,74755,74756,74758,74760,74762,74764,74766],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,74757,125],{"class":124},[45,74759,109],{"class":59},[45,74761,1811],{"class":315},[45,74763,109],{"class":59},[45,74765,1765],{"class":105},[45,74767,1802],{"class":59},[45,74769,74770],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,74771,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,74773,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782,74784],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,74775,220],{"class":51},[45,74777,56],{"class":55},[45,74779,1780],{"class":51},[45,74781,102],{"class":59},[45,74783,73415],{"class":105},[45,74785,8627],{"class":59},[45,74787,74788,74790,74792,74794],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,74789,125],{"class":124},[45,74791,109],{"class":59},[45,74793,263],{"class":105},[45,74795,118],{"class":59},[45,74797,74798],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,74799,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,74801,74802,74804,74806,74808,74810,74812,74814],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,74803,125],{"class":124},[45,74805,109],{"class":59},[45,74807,1765],{"class":105},[45,74809,73960],{"class":59},[45,74811,2016],{"class":55},[45,74813,203],{"class":202},[45,74815,3880],{"class":59},[14,74817,268],{},[36,74819,74821],{"className":38,"code":74820,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[18,74822,74823,74839,74853,74857],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74824,74825,74827,74829,74831,74833,74835,74837],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74826,278],{"class":59},[45,74828,203],{"class":202},[45,74830,73],{"class":59},[45,74832,208],{"class":202},[45,74834,73],{"class":59},[45,74836,213],{"class":202},[45,74838,93],{"class":59},[45,74840,74841,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,74842,3284],{"class":55},[45,74844,3287],{"class":2059},[45,74846,438],{"class":63},[45,74848,316],{"class":67},[45,74850,429],{"class":63},[45,74852,3296],{"class":55},[45,74854,74855],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74856,292],{"class":291},[45,74858,74859,74861,74863,74865,74867,74869,74871],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,74860,278],{"class":59},[45,74862,203],{"class":202},[45,74864,73],{"class":59},[45,74866,208],{"class":202},[45,74868,73],{"class":59},[45,74870,5488],{"class":202},[45,74872,93],{"class":59},[14,74874,74875],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[36,74877,74879],{"className":38,"code":74878,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,74880,74881,74901,74905,74915,74929,74933,74947,74957,74967],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74882,74883,74885,74887,74889,74891,74893,74895,74897,74899],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74884,8294],{"class":51},[45,74886,56],{"class":55},[45,74888,60],{"class":59},[45,74890,203],{"class":202},[45,74892,73],{"class":59},[45,74894,208],{"class":202},[45,74896,73],{"class":59},[45,74898,213],{"class":202},[45,74900,93],{"class":59},[45,74902,74903],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,74904,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,74906,74907,74909,74911,74913],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74908,125],{"class":124},[45,74910,109],{"class":59},[45,74912,1765],{"class":105},[45,74914,118],{"class":59},[45,74916,74917,74919,74921,74923,74925,74927],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,74918,125],{"class":124},[45,74920,109],{"class":59},[45,74922,1811],{"class":315},[45,74924,109],{"class":59},[45,74926,1765],{"class":105},[45,74928,1802],{"class":59},[45,74930,74931],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,74932,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,74934,74935,74937,74939,74941,74943,74945],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,74936,220],{"class":51},[45,74938,56],{"class":55},[45,74940,1780],{"class":51},[45,74942,102],{"class":59},[45,74944,73415],{"class":105},[45,74946,8627],{"class":59},[45,74948,74949,74951,74953,74955],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,74950,125],{"class":124},[45,74952,109],{"class":59},[45,74954,263],{"class":105},[45,74956,118],{"class":59},[45,74958,74959,74961,74963,74965],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,74960,125],{"class":124},[45,74962,109],{"class":59},[45,74964,1765],{"class":105},[45,74966,118],{"class":59},[45,74968,74969,74971,74973,74975,74977,74979,74981],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,74970,125],{"class":124},[45,74972,109],{"class":59},[45,74974,1765],{"class":105},[45,74976,73960],{"class":59},[45,74978,2016],{"class":55},[45,74980,203],{"class":202},[45,74982,3880],{"class":59},[14,74984,268],{},[36,74986,74988],{"className":38,"code":74987,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,74989,74990,75006,75020,75024,75040],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74991,74992,74994,74996,74998,75000,75002,75004],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74993,278],{"class":59},[45,74995,203],{"class":202},[45,74997,73],{"class":59},[45,74999,208],{"class":202},[45,75001,73],{"class":59},[45,75003,213],{"class":202},[45,75005,93],{"class":59},[45,75007,75008,75010,75012,75014,75016,75018],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,75009,3284],{"class":55},[45,75011,3287],{"class":2059},[45,75013,438],{"class":63},[45,75015,316],{"class":67},[45,75017,429],{"class":63},[45,75019,3296],{"class":55},[45,75021,75022],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,75023,292],{"class":291},[45,75025,75026,75028,75030,75032,75034,75036,75038],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,75027,278],{"class":59},[45,75029,2056],{"class":202},[45,75031,73],{"class":59},[45,75033,208],{"class":202},[45,75035,73],{"class":59},[45,75037,5488],{"class":202},[45,75039,93],{"class":59},[45,75041,75042,75044,75046,75048,75050,75052,75054],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,75043,278],{"class":59},[45,75045,203],{"class":202},[45,75047,73],{"class":59},[45,75049,208],{"class":202},[45,75051,73],{"class":59},[45,75053,213],{"class":202},[45,75055,93],{"class":59},[14,75057,75058],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[157,75060,75061,75070,75079],{},[160,75062,27777,75063,75066,75067],{},[18,75064,75065],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[18,75068,75069],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[160,75071,11904,75072,75075,75076,1114],{},[18,75073,75074],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[26,75077,75078],{},"current",[160,75080,75081,75082],{},"So it prints ",[18,75083,75084],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[31,75086,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,75088,175,75090,55448],{"id":75089},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[18,75091,73364],{},[14,75093,62580,75094,102],{},[18,75095,301],{},[1864,75097,34186,75099,34189,75101,2485],{"id":75098},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[18,75100,73359],{},[18,75102,75103],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75105,75106,75108],{},[18,75107,73359],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75110,75111,75113],{},[18,75112,75103],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1864,75115,28310,75117,75119],{"id":75116},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[18,75118,73359],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75121,46346,75122,75124],{},[18,75123,73359],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1864,75126,75128],{"id":75127},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75130,75131],{},"Use slicing:",[36,75133,75135],{"className":38,"code":75134,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list[::-1]\n",[18,75136,75137],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75138,75139,75141,75143,75145,75147],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75140,1765],{"class":51},[45,75142,73960],{"class":59},[45,75144,2016],{"class":55},[45,75146,203],{"class":202},[45,75148,93],{"class":59},[14,75150,75151],{},"Or use:",[36,75153,75155],{"className":38,"code":75154,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[18,75156,75157],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75158,75159,75161,75163,75166,75168,75170],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75160,316],{"class":315},[45,75162,109],{"class":59},[45,75164,75165],{"class":124},"reversed",[45,75167,109],{"class":59},[45,75169,1765],{"class":105},[45,75171,1802],{"class":59},[14,75173,75174,75175,75179],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[364,75176,55498,75177],{"href":54943},[18,75178,12763],{}," can also help.",[31,75181,1909],{"id":1908},[157,75183,75184,75190,75196,75200,75204],{},[160,75185,75186],{},[364,75187,55498,75188,10728],{"href":74613},[18,75189,64289],{},[160,75191,75192],{},[364,75193,3569,75194,3502],{"href":74359},[18,75195,74262],{},[160,75197,75198],{},[364,75199,74645],{"href":74644},[160,75201,75202],{},[364,75203,74060],{"href":73377},[160,75205,75206],{},[364,75207,55498,75208,10728],{"href":54943},[18,75209,12763],{},[1936,75211,75212],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":75214},[75215,75216,75218,75219,75220,75222,75223,75230,75232,75233,75242],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":73438,"depth":96,"text":75217},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":73797,"depth":96,"text":75221},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74063,"depth":96,"text":74064},{"id":74257,"depth":96,"text":75224,"children":75225},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75226,75227,75228,75229],{"id":73415,"depth":121,"text":73359},{"id":74352,"depth":121,"text":74262},{"id":74474,"depth":121,"text":74475},{"id":74589,"depth":121,"text":74590},{"id":74620,"depth":96,"text":75231},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":75234},[75235,75237,75239,75241],{"id":75089,"depth":121,"text":75236},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75098,"depth":121,"text":75238},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75116,"depth":121,"text":75240},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75127,"depth":121,"text":75128},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73351,"description":75243},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75250,"title":75251,"body":75252,"description":77685,"extension":1958,"meta":77686,"navigation":241,"path":77687,"seo":77688,"stem":77689,"__hash__":77690},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75253,"toc":77653},[75254,75257,75269,75272,75295,75303,75305,75417,75426,75430,75433,75436,75523,75525,75558,75560,75583,75589,75593,75596,75618,75620,75637,75640,75660,75662,75772,75774,75851,75855,75858,75901,75903,76036,76038,76140,76145,76149,76152,76154,76168,76171,76285,76287,76361,76363,76391,76395,76400,76430,76433,76559,76561,76643,76649,76653,76655,76694,76703,76707,76710,76714,76761,76763,76771,76775,76826,76828,76841,76843,76857,76860,76868,76870,76917,76919,76927,76930,76973,76978,76981,76984,77007,77011,77062,77065,77086,77096,77100,77102,77132,77135,77158,77162,77165,77232,77234,77271,77274,77282,77349,77351,77388,77394,77401,77405,77408,77438,77443,77447,77450,77474,77477,77571,77581,77583,77587,77590,77594,77597,77602,77605,77611,77614,77616,77644,77650],[10,75255,75251],{"id":75256},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75258,75259,75260,2185,75262,17058,75265,75268],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[18,75261,36054],{},[18,75263,75264],{},"stop",[18,75266,75267],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75270,75271],{},"The basic slice form is:",[36,75273,75275],{"className":38,"code":75274,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[18,75276,75277],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75278,75279,75281,75283,75285,75287,75289,75291,75293],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75280,1765],{"class":51},[45,75282,278],{"class":59},[45,75284,36054],{"class":51},[45,75286,1111],{"class":59},[45,75288,75264],{"class":51},[45,75290,1111],{"class":59},[45,75292,75267],{"class":51},[45,75294,93],{"class":59},[14,75296,75297,75298,75300,75301,102],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[18,75299,75264],{}," position is ",[26,75302,65047],{},[31,75304,34],{"id":33},[36,75306,75308],{"className":38,"code":75307,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,75309,75310,75338,75342,75363,75381,75398],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75311,75312,75314,75316,75318,75320,75322,75324,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334,75336],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75313,195],{"class":51},[45,75315,56],{"class":55},[45,75317,60],{"class":59},[45,75319,585],{"class":202},[45,75321,73],{"class":59},[45,75323,590],{"class":202},[45,75325,73],{"class":59},[45,75327,595],{"class":202},[45,75329,73],{"class":59},[45,75331,600],{"class":202},[45,75333,73],{"class":59},[45,75335,5071],{"class":202},[45,75337,93],{"class":59},[45,75339,75340],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,75341,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,75343,75344,75346,75348,75350,75352,75354,75356,75358,75360],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,75345,125],{"class":124},[45,75347,109],{"class":59},[45,75349,251],{"class":105},[45,75351,278],{"class":59},[45,75353,203],{"class":202},[45,75355,1111],{"class":59},[45,75357,2498],{"class":202},[45,75359,20432],{"class":59},[45,75361,75362],{"class":137},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[45,75364,75365,75367,75369,75371,75374,75376,75378],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,75366,125],{"class":124},[45,75368,109],{"class":59},[45,75370,251],{"class":105},[45,75372,75373],{"class":59},"[:",[45,75375,2056],{"class":202},[45,75377,20432],{"class":59},[45,75379,75380],{"class":137},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[45,75382,75383,75385,75387,75389,75391,75393,75395],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,75384,125],{"class":124},[45,75386,109],{"class":59},[45,75388,251],{"class":105},[45,75390,73960],{"class":59},[45,75392,234],{"class":202},[45,75394,20432],{"class":59},[45,75396,75397],{"class":137},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[45,75399,75400,75402,75404,75406,75408,75410,75412,75414],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,75401,125],{"class":124},[45,75403,109],{"class":59},[45,75405,251],{"class":105},[45,75407,73960],{"class":59},[45,75409,2016],{"class":55},[45,75411,203],{"class":202},[45,75413,20432],{"class":59},[45,75415,75416],{"class":137},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75418,141,75419,75422,75423,75425],{},[18,75420,75421],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[18,75424,75264],{}," value is not included.",[31,75427,75429],{"id":75428},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75431,75432],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75434,75435],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[36,75437,75439],{"className":38,"code":75438,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[18,75440,75441,75489,75493,75512],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75442,75443,75445,75447,75449,75451,75453,75455,75457,75459,75461,75463,75465,75467,75469,75471,75473,75475,75477,75479,75481,75483,75485,75487],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75444,355],{"class":51},[45,75446,56],{"class":55},[45,75448,60],{"class":59},[45,75450,64],{"class":63},[45,75452,364],{"class":67},[45,75454,64],{"class":63},[45,75456,73],{"class":59},[45,75458,76],{"class":63},[45,75460,373],{"class":67},[45,75462,64],{"class":63},[45,75464,73],{"class":59},[45,75466,76],{"class":63},[45,75468,382],{"class":67},[45,75470,64],{"class":63},[45,75472,73],{"class":59},[45,75474,76],{"class":63},[45,75476,18753],{"class":67},[45,75478,64],{"class":63},[45,75480,73],{"class":59},[45,75482,76],{"class":63},[45,75484,60424],{"class":67},[45,75486,64],{"class":63},[45,75488,93],{"class":59},[45,75490,75491],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,75492,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,75494,75495,75498,75500,75502,75504,75506,75508,75510],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,75496,75497],{"class":51},"part ",[45,75499,56],{"class":55},[45,75501,70067],{"class":51},[45,75503,278],{"class":59},[45,75505,203],{"class":202},[45,75507,1111],{"class":59},[45,75509,2498],{"class":202},[45,75511,93],{"class":59},[45,75513,75514,75516,75518,75521],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,75515,125],{"class":124},[45,75517,109],{"class":59},[45,75519,75520],{"class":105},"part",[45,75522,118],{"class":59},[14,75524,268],{},[36,75526,75528],{"className":38,"code":75527,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,75529,75530],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75531,75532,75534,75536,75538,75540,75542,75544,75546,75548,75550,75552,75554,75556],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75533,278],{"class":59},[45,75535,429],{"class":63},[45,75537,373],{"class":67},[45,75539,429],{"class":63},[45,75541,73],{"class":59},[45,75543,438],{"class":63},[45,75545,382],{"class":67},[45,75547,429],{"class":63},[45,75549,73],{"class":59},[45,75551,438],{"class":63},[45,75553,18753],{"class":67},[45,75555,429],{"class":63},[45,75557,93],{"class":59},[14,75559,13039],{},[157,75561,75562,75565,75568,75574,75580],{},[160,75563,75564],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[160,75566,75567],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[160,75569,75570,75571],{},"Basic form: ",[18,75572,75573],{},"list[start:stop]",[160,75575,75576,75577,75579],{},"The item at ",[18,75578,75264],{}," is not included",[160,75581,75582],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75584,75585,75586,102],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[364,75587,75588],{"href":50961},"beginner guide to Python lists",[31,75590,75592],{"id":75591},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75594,75595],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[36,75597,75598],{"className":38,"code":75274,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,75599,75600],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75601,75602,75604,75606,75608,75610,75612,75614,75616],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75603,1765],{"class":51},[45,75605,278],{"class":59},[45,75607,36054],{"class":51},[45,75609,1111],{"class":59},[45,75611,75264],{"class":51},[45,75613,1111],{"class":59},[45,75615,75267],{"class":51},[45,75617,93],{"class":59},[14,75619,65023],{},[157,75621,75622,75627,75632],{},[160,75623,75624,75626],{},[18,75625,36054],{}," is where slicing begins",[160,75628,75629,75631],{},[18,75630,75264],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[160,75633,75634,75636],{},[18,75635,75267],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75638,75639],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[157,75641,75642,75648,75653],{},[160,75643,75644,75645,75647],{},"Missing ",[18,75646,36054],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[160,75649,75644,75650,75652],{},[18,75651,75264],{}," means go to the end of the list",[160,75654,75644,75655,75657,75658],{},[18,75656,75267],{}," means use ",[18,75659,203],{},[14,75661,345],{},[36,75663,75665],{"className":38,"code":75664,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[18,75666,75667,75695,75699,75720,75737,75755],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75668,75669,75671,75673,75675,75677,75679,75681,75683,75685,75687,75689,75691,75693],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75670,195],{"class":51},[45,75672,56],{"class":55},[45,75674,60],{"class":59},[45,75676,585],{"class":202},[45,75678,73],{"class":59},[45,75680,590],{"class":202},[45,75682,73],{"class":59},[45,75684,595],{"class":202},[45,75686,73],{"class":59},[45,75688,600],{"class":202},[45,75690,73],{"class":59},[45,75692,5071],{"class":202},[45,75694,93],{"class":59},[45,75696,75697],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,75698,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,75700,75701,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,75702,125],{"class":124},[45,75704,109],{"class":59},[45,75706,251],{"class":105},[45,75708,278],{"class":59},[45,75710,203],{"class":202},[45,75712,1111],{"class":59},[45,75714,2498],{"class":202},[45,75716,20432],{"class":59},[45,75718,75719],{"class":137},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[45,75721,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732,75734],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,75723,125],{"class":124},[45,75725,109],{"class":59},[45,75727,251],{"class":105},[45,75729,75373],{"class":59},[45,75731,2056],{"class":202},[45,75733,20432],{"class":59},[45,75735,75736],{"class":137},"    # start from the beginning\n",[45,75738,75739,75741,75743,75745,75747,75749,75752],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,75740,125],{"class":124},[45,75742,109],{"class":59},[45,75744,251],{"class":105},[45,75746,278],{"class":59},[45,75748,234],{"class":202},[45,75750,75751],{"class":59},":])",[45,75753,75754],{"class":137},"    # go to the end\n",[45,75756,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,75758,125],{"class":124},[45,75760,109],{"class":59},[45,75762,251],{"class":105},[45,75764,73960],{"class":59},[45,75766,203],{"class":202},[45,75768,20432],{"class":59},[45,75770,75771],{"class":137},"   # step of 1\n",[14,75773,268],{},[36,75775,75777],{"className":38,"code":75776,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[18,75778,75779,75795,75811,75827],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75780,75781,75783,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75782,278],{"class":59},[45,75784,15741],{"class":202},[45,75786,73],{"class":59},[45,75788,595],{"class":202},[45,75790,73],{"class":59},[45,75792,600],{"class":202},[45,75794,93],{"class":59},[45,75796,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,75798,278],{"class":59},[45,75800,585],{"class":202},[45,75802,73],{"class":59},[45,75804,590],{"class":202},[45,75806,73],{"class":59},[45,75808,595],{"class":202},[45,75810,93],{"class":59},[45,75812,75813,75815,75817,75819,75821,75823,75825],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,75814,278],{"class":59},[45,75816,616],{"class":202},[45,75818,73],{"class":59},[45,75820,600],{"class":202},[45,75822,73],{"class":59},[45,75824,5071],{"class":202},[45,75826,93],{"class":59},[45,75828,75829,75831,75833,75835,75837,75839,75841,75843,75845,75847,75849],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,75830,278],{"class":59},[45,75832,585],{"class":202},[45,75834,73],{"class":59},[45,75836,590],{"class":202},[45,75838,73],{"class":59},[45,75840,595],{"class":202},[45,75842,73],{"class":59},[45,75844,600],{"class":202},[45,75846,73],{"class":59},[45,75848,5071],{"class":202},[45,75850,93],{"class":59},[31,75852,75854],{"id":75853},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,75856,75857],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[157,75859,75860,75869,75878,75889,75895],{},[160,75861,75862,75865,75866,1210],{},[18,75863,75864],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[18,75867,75868],{},"n",[160,75870,75871,75874,75875,75877],{},[18,75872,75873],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[18,75876,75868],{}," to the end",[160,75879,75880,75883,75884,75886,75887],{},[18,75881,75882],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[18,75885,364],{}," up to ",[18,75888,373],{},[160,75890,75891,75894],{},[18,75892,75893],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[160,75896,75897,75900],{},[18,75898,75899],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,75902,345],{},[36,75904,75906],{"className":38,"code":75905,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[18,75907,75908,75941,75945,75962,75979,76000,76017],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75909,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75939],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75911,195],{"class":51},[45,75913,56],{"class":55},[45,75915,60],{"class":59},[45,75917,585],{"class":202},[45,75919,73],{"class":59},[45,75921,590],{"class":202},[45,75923,73],{"class":59},[45,75925,595],{"class":202},[45,75927,73],{"class":59},[45,75929,600],{"class":202},[45,75931,73],{"class":59},[45,75933,5071],{"class":202},[45,75935,73],{"class":59},[45,75937,75938],{"class":202}," 60",[45,75940,93],{"class":59},[45,75942,75943],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,75944,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,75946,75947,75949,75951,75953,75955,75957,75959],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,75948,125],{"class":124},[45,75950,109],{"class":59},[45,75952,251],{"class":105},[45,75954,75373],{"class":59},[45,75956,2056],{"class":202},[45,75958,20432],{"class":59},[45,75960,75961],{"class":137},"    # first 3 items\n",[45,75963,75964,75966,75968,75970,75972,75974,75976],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,75965,125],{"class":124},[45,75967,109],{"class":59},[45,75969,251],{"class":105},[45,75971,278],{"class":59},[45,75973,2056],{"class":202},[45,75975,75751],{"class":59},[45,75977,75978],{"class":137},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[45,75980,75981,75983,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,75982,125],{"class":124},[45,75984,109],{"class":59},[45,75986,251],{"class":105},[45,75988,278],{"class":59},[45,75990,203],{"class":202},[45,75992,1111],{"class":59},[45,75994,2131],{"class":202},[45,75996,20432],{"class":59},[45,75998,75999],{"class":137},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[45,76001,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,76003,125],{"class":124},[45,76005,109],{"class":59},[45,76007,251],{"class":105},[45,76009,73960],{"class":59},[45,76011,234],{"class":202},[45,76013,20432],{"class":59},[45,76015,76016],{"class":137},"   # every second item\n",[45,76018,76019,76021,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,76020,125],{"class":124},[45,76022,109],{"class":59},[45,76024,251],{"class":105},[45,76026,73960],{"class":59},[45,76028,2016],{"class":55},[45,76030,203],{"class":202},[45,76032,20432],{"class":59},[45,76034,76035],{"class":137},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,76037,268],{},[36,76039,76041],{"className":38,"code":76040,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,76042,76043,76059,76075,76095,76111],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76044,76045,76047,76049,76051,76053,76055,76057],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76046,278],{"class":59},[45,76048,585],{"class":202},[45,76050,73],{"class":59},[45,76052,590],{"class":202},[45,76054,73],{"class":59},[45,76056,595],{"class":202},[45,76058,93],{"class":59},[45,76060,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,76062,278],{"class":59},[45,76064,56670],{"class":202},[45,76066,73],{"class":59},[45,76068,5071],{"class":202},[45,76070,73],{"class":59},[45,76072,75938],{"class":202},[45,76074,93],{"class":59},[45,76076,76077,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76078,278],{"class":59},[45,76080,15741],{"class":202},[45,76082,73],{"class":59},[45,76084,595],{"class":202},[45,76086,73],{"class":59},[45,76088,600],{"class":202},[45,76090,73],{"class":59},[45,76092,5071],{"class":202},[45,76094,93],{"class":59},[45,76096,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107,76109],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,76098,278],{"class":59},[45,76100,585],{"class":202},[45,76102,73],{"class":59},[45,76104,595],{"class":202},[45,76106,73],{"class":59},[45,76108,5071],{"class":202},[45,76110,93],{"class":59},[45,76112,76113,76115,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,76114,278],{"class":59},[45,76116,76117],{"class":202},"60",[45,76119,73],{"class":59},[45,76121,5071],{"class":202},[45,76123,73],{"class":59},[45,76125,600],{"class":202},[45,76127,73],{"class":59},[45,76129,595],{"class":202},[45,76131,73],{"class":59},[45,76133,590],{"class":202},[45,76135,73],{"class":59},[45,76137,5991],{"class":202},[45,76139,93],{"class":59},[14,76141,76142,76143,102],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[364,76144,14874],{"href":57197},[31,76146,76148],{"id":76147},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76150,76151],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76153,5462],{},[157,76155,76156,76162],{},[160,76157,76158,76161],{},[18,76159,76160],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[160,76163,76164,76167],{},[18,76165,76166],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76169,76170],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[36,76172,76174],{"className":38,"code":76173,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[18,76175,76176,76224,76228,76247,76266],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76177,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208,76210,76212,76214,76216,76218,76220,76222],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76179,355],{"class":51},[45,76181,56],{"class":55},[45,76183,60],{"class":59},[45,76185,64],{"class":63},[45,76187,364],{"class":67},[45,76189,64],{"class":63},[45,76191,73],{"class":59},[45,76193,76],{"class":63},[45,76195,373],{"class":67},[45,76197,64],{"class":63},[45,76199,73],{"class":59},[45,76201,76],{"class":63},[45,76203,382],{"class":67},[45,76205,64],{"class":63},[45,76207,73],{"class":59},[45,76209,76],{"class":63},[45,76211,18753],{"class":67},[45,76213,64],{"class":63},[45,76215,73],{"class":59},[45,76217,76],{"class":63},[45,76219,60424],{"class":67},[45,76221,64],{"class":63},[45,76223,93],{"class":59},[45,76225,76226],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,76227,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,76229,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242,76244],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76231,125],{"class":124},[45,76233,109],{"class":59},[45,76235,391],{"class":105},[45,76237,278],{"class":59},[45,76239,2016],{"class":55},[45,76241,203],{"class":202},[45,76243,20432],{"class":59},[45,76245,76246],{"class":137},"    # last item\n",[45,76248,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,76250,125],{"class":124},[45,76252,109],{"class":59},[45,76254,391],{"class":105},[45,76256,278],{"class":59},[45,76258,2016],{"class":55},[45,76260,2056],{"class":202},[45,76262,75751],{"class":59},[45,76264,76265],{"class":137},"   # last 3 items\n",[45,76267,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280,76282],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,76269,125],{"class":124},[45,76271,109],{"class":59},[45,76273,391],{"class":105},[45,76275,75373],{"class":59},[45,76277,2016],{"class":55},[45,76279,203],{"class":202},[45,76281,20432],{"class":59},[45,76283,76284],{"class":137},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76286,268],{},[36,76288,76290],{"className":38,"code":76289,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,76291,76292,76297,76325],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76293,76294],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76295,76296],{"class":51},"e\n",[45,76298,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,76300,278],{"class":59},[45,76302,429],{"class":63},[45,76304,382],{"class":67},[45,76306,429],{"class":63},[45,76308,73],{"class":59},[45,76310,438],{"class":63},[45,76312,18753],{"class":67},[45,76314,429],{"class":63},[45,76316,73],{"class":59},[45,76318,438],{"class":63},[45,76320,60424],{"class":67},[45,76322,429],{"class":63},[45,76324,93],{"class":59},[45,76326,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76328,278],{"class":59},[45,76330,429],{"class":63},[45,76332,364],{"class":67},[45,76334,429],{"class":63},[45,76336,73],{"class":59},[45,76338,438],{"class":63},[45,76340,373],{"class":67},[45,76342,429],{"class":63},[45,76344,73],{"class":59},[45,76346,438],{"class":63},[45,76348,382],{"class":67},[45,76350,429],{"class":63},[45,76352,73],{"class":59},[45,76354,438],{"class":63},[45,76356,18753],{"class":67},[45,76358,429],{"class":63},[45,76360,93],{"class":59},[14,76362,13039],{},[157,76364,76365,76368,76372,76378,76384],{},[160,76366,76367],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[160,76369,76370,76161],{},[18,76371,76160],{},[160,76373,76374,76377],{},[18,76375,76376],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[160,76379,76380,76383],{},[18,76381,76382],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[160,76385,76386,76387,1301,76389],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[18,76388,36054],{},[18,76390,75264],{},[31,76392,76394],{"id":76393},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76396,16,76397,76399],{},[18,76398,75267],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[157,76401,76402,76405,76408,76413,76423],{},[160,76403,76404],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[160,76406,76407],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[160,76409,76410,76412],{},[18,76411,75899],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[160,76414,8860,76415,76417,76418,76420,76421],{},[18,76416,75267],{}," is negative, ",[18,76419,36054],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[18,76422,75264],{},[160,76424,76425,76427,76428],{},[18,76426,75267],{}," cannot be ",[18,76429,2114],{},[14,76431,76432],{},"Example with different step values:",[36,76434,76436],{"className":38,"code":76435,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[18,76437,76438,76470,76474,76491,76513,76532],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76439,76440,76442,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458,76460,76462,76464,76466,76468],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76441,195],{"class":51},[45,76443,56],{"class":55},[45,76445,60],{"class":59},[45,76447,585],{"class":202},[45,76449,73],{"class":59},[45,76451,590],{"class":202},[45,76453,73],{"class":59},[45,76455,595],{"class":202},[45,76457,73],{"class":59},[45,76459,600],{"class":202},[45,76461,73],{"class":59},[45,76463,5071],{"class":202},[45,76465,73],{"class":59},[45,76467,75938],{"class":202},[45,76469,93],{"class":59},[45,76471,76472],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,76473,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,76475,76476,76478,76480,76482,76484,76486,76488],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76477,125],{"class":124},[45,76479,109],{"class":59},[45,76481,251],{"class":105},[45,76483,73960],{"class":59},[45,76485,234],{"class":202},[45,76487,20432],{"class":59},[45,76489,76490],{"class":137},"     # every second item\n",[45,76492,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503,76506,76508,76510],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,76494,125],{"class":124},[45,76496,109],{"class":59},[45,76498,251],{"class":105},[45,76500,278],{"class":59},[45,76502,203],{"class":202},[45,76504,76505],{"class":59},"::",[45,76507,234],{"class":202},[45,76509,20432],{"class":59},[45,76511,76512],{"class":137},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[45,76514,76515,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527,76529],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,76516,125],{"class":124},[45,76518,109],{"class":59},[45,76520,251],{"class":105},[45,76522,73960],{"class":59},[45,76524,2016],{"class":55},[45,76526,203],{"class":202},[45,76528,20432],{"class":59},[45,76530,76531],{"class":137},"    # reverse the list\n",[45,76533,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552,76554,76556],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,76535,125],{"class":124},[45,76537,109],{"class":59},[45,76539,251],{"class":105},[45,76541,278],{"class":59},[45,76543,2498],{"class":202},[45,76545,1111],{"class":59},[45,76547,203],{"class":202},[45,76549,1111],{"class":59},[45,76551,2016],{"class":55},[45,76553,203],{"class":202},[45,76555,20432],{"class":59},[45,76557,76558],{"class":137},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76560,268],{},[36,76562,76564],{"className":38,"code":76563,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[18,76565,76566,76582,76598,76626],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76567,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76569,278],{"class":59},[45,76571,585],{"class":202},[45,76573,73],{"class":59},[45,76575,595],{"class":202},[45,76577,73],{"class":59},[45,76579,5071],{"class":202},[45,76581,93],{"class":59},[45,76583,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,76585,278],{"class":59},[45,76587,15741],{"class":202},[45,76589,73],{"class":59},[45,76591,600],{"class":202},[45,76593,73],{"class":59},[45,76595,75938],{"class":202},[45,76597,93],{"class":59},[45,76599,76600,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76601,278],{"class":59},[45,76603,76117],{"class":202},[45,76605,73],{"class":59},[45,76607,5071],{"class":202},[45,76609,73],{"class":59},[45,76611,600],{"class":202},[45,76613,73],{"class":59},[45,76615,595],{"class":202},[45,76617,73],{"class":59},[45,76619,590],{"class":202},[45,76621,73],{"class":59},[45,76623,5991],{"class":202},[45,76625,93],{"class":59},[45,76627,76628,76630,76633,76635,76637,76639,76641],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,76629,278],{"class":59},[45,76631,76632],{"class":202},"50",[45,76634,73],{"class":59},[45,76636,600],{"class":202},[45,76638,73],{"class":59},[45,76640,595],{"class":202},[45,76642,93],{"class":59},[14,76644,76645,76646,102],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[364,76647,76648],{"href":74644},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1864,76650,76652],{"id":76651},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76654,2830],{},[36,76656,76658],{"className":38,"code":76657,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,76659,76660,76680],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76661,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672,76674,76676,76678],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76663,195],{"class":51},[45,76665,56],{"class":55},[45,76667,60],{"class":59},[45,76669,203],{"class":202},[45,76671,73],{"class":59},[45,76673,208],{"class":202},[45,76675,73],{"class":59},[45,76677,213],{"class":202},[45,76679,93],{"class":59},[45,76681,76682,76684,76686,76688,76690,76692],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,76683,125],{"class":124},[45,76685,109],{"class":59},[45,76687,251],{"class":105},[45,76689,73960],{"class":59},[45,76691,2114],{"class":202},[45,76693,3880],{"class":59},[14,76695,76696,76697,76699,76700,76702],{},"Python raises a ",[18,76698,1041],{}," because a slice step of ",[18,76701,2114],{}," does not make sense.",[31,76704,76706],{"id":76705},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76708,76709],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1864,76711,76713],{"id":76712},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[36,76715,76717],{"className":38,"code":76716,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,76718,76719,76743,76747],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76720,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731,76733,76735,76737,76739,76741],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76722,195],{"class":51},[45,76724,56],{"class":55},[45,76726,60],{"class":59},[45,76728,585],{"class":202},[45,76730,73],{"class":59},[45,76732,590],{"class":202},[45,76734,73],{"class":59},[45,76736,595],{"class":202},[45,76738,73],{"class":59},[45,76740,600],{"class":202},[45,76742,93],{"class":59},[45,76744,76745],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,76746,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,76748,76749,76751,76753,76755,76757,76759],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76750,125],{"class":124},[45,76752,109],{"class":59},[45,76754,251],{"class":105},[45,76756,278],{"class":59},[45,76758,234],{"class":202},[45,76760,3880],{"class":59},[14,76762,268],{},[36,76764,76765],{"className":38,"code":69811,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,76766,76767],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76768,76769],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76770,69811],{"class":202},[1864,76772,76774],{"id":76773},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[36,76776,76778],{"className":38,"code":76777,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[18,76779,76780,76804,76808],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76781,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794,76796,76798,76800,76802],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76783,195],{"class":51},[45,76785,56],{"class":55},[45,76787,60],{"class":59},[45,76789,585],{"class":202},[45,76791,73],{"class":59},[45,76793,590],{"class":202},[45,76795,73],{"class":59},[45,76797,595],{"class":202},[45,76799,73],{"class":59},[45,76801,600],{"class":202},[45,76803,93],{"class":59},[45,76805,76806],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,76807,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,76809,76810,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822,76824],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76811,125],{"class":124},[45,76813,109],{"class":59},[45,76815,251],{"class":105},[45,76817,278],{"class":59},[45,76819,234],{"class":202},[45,76821,1111],{"class":59},[45,76823,2056],{"class":202},[45,76825,3880],{"class":59},[14,76827,268],{},[36,76829,76831],{"className":38,"code":76830,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[30]\n",[18,76832,76833],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76834,76835,76837,76839],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76836,278],{"class":59},[45,76838,616],{"class":202},[45,76840,93],{"class":59},[14,76842,13748],{},[157,76844,76845,76851],{},[160,76846,76847,76850],{},[18,76848,76849],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[160,76852,76853,76856],{},[18,76854,76855],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,76858,76859],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[157,76861,76862,76865],{},[160,76863,76864],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[160,76866,76867],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,76869,345],{},[36,76871,76873],{"className":38,"code":76872,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[18,76874,76875,76895,76899],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76876,76877,76879,76881,76883,76885,76887,76889,76891,76893],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76878,195],{"class":51},[45,76880,56],{"class":55},[45,76882,60],{"class":59},[45,76884,585],{"class":202},[45,76886,73],{"class":59},[45,76888,590],{"class":202},[45,76890,73],{"class":59},[45,76892,595],{"class":202},[45,76894,93],{"class":59},[45,76896,76897],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,76898,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,76900,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76902,125],{"class":124},[45,76904,109],{"class":59},[45,76906,251],{"class":105},[45,76908,278],{"class":59},[45,76910,2131],{"class":202},[45,76912,1111],{"class":59},[45,76914,585],{"class":202},[45,76916,3880],{"class":59},[14,76918,268],{},[36,76920,76921],{"className":38,"code":38278,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,76922,76923],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76924,76925],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76926,38278],{"class":59},[14,76928,76929],{},"But this would raise an error:",[36,76931,76933],{"className":38,"code":76932,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,76934,76935,76955,76959],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76936,76937,76939,76941,76943,76945,76947,76949,76951,76953],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76938,195],{"class":51},[45,76940,56],{"class":55},[45,76942,60],{"class":59},[45,76944,585],{"class":202},[45,76946,73],{"class":59},[45,76948,590],{"class":202},[45,76950,73],{"class":59},[45,76952,595],{"class":202},[45,76954,93],{"class":59},[45,76956,76957],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,76958,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,76960,76961,76963,76965,76967,76969,76971],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76962,125],{"class":124},[45,76964,109],{"class":59},[45,76966,251],{"class":105},[45,76968,278],{"class":59},[45,76970,2131],{"class":202},[45,76972,3880],{"class":59},[14,76974,76975,76976,102],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[364,76977,69230],{"href":69229},[31,76979,15163],{"id":76980},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,76982,76983],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[157,76985,76986,76990,76992,76995,77001],{},[160,76987,4695,76988,75579],{},[18,76989,75264],{},[160,76991,60669],{},[160,76993,76994],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[160,76996,37184,76997,8689,76999],{},[18,76998,75899],{},[18,77000,73364],{},[160,77002,77003,77004,77006],{},"Using step ",[18,77005,2114],{},", which causes an error",[1864,77008,77010],{"id":77009},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[36,77012,77014],{"className":38,"code":77013,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,77015,77016,77044],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77017,77018,77020,77022,77024,77026,77028,77030,77032,77034,77036,77038,77040,77042],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77019,195],{"class":51},[45,77021,56],{"class":55},[45,77023,60],{"class":59},[45,77025,585],{"class":202},[45,77027,73],{"class":59},[45,77029,590],{"class":202},[45,77031,73],{"class":59},[45,77033,595],{"class":202},[45,77035,73],{"class":59},[45,77037,600],{"class":202},[45,77039,73],{"class":59},[45,77041,5071],{"class":202},[45,77043,93],{"class":59},[45,77045,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,77047,125],{"class":124},[45,77049,109],{"class":59},[45,77051,251],{"class":105},[45,77053,278],{"class":59},[45,77055,203],{"class":202},[45,77057,1111],{"class":59},[45,77059,2498],{"class":202},[45,77061,3880],{"class":59},[14,77063,77064],{},"This returns:",[36,77066,77068],{"className":38,"code":77067,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[18,77069,77070],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77071,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080,77082,77084],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77073,278],{"class":59},[45,77075,15741],{"class":202},[45,77077,73],{"class":59},[45,77079,595],{"class":202},[45,77081,73],{"class":59},[45,77083,600],{"class":202},[45,77085,93],{"class":59},[14,77087,40887,77088,77090,77091,77093,77094,102],{},[26,77089,178],{}," include ",[18,77092,76632],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[18,77095,2498],{},[1864,77097,77099],{"id":77098},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77101,16629],{},[36,77103,77105],{"className":38,"code":77104,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[18,77106,77107,77127],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77108,77109,77111,77113,77115,77117,77119,77121,77123,77125],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77110,195],{"class":51},[45,77112,56],{"class":55},[45,77114,60],{"class":59},[45,77116,585],{"class":202},[45,77118,73],{"class":59},[45,77120,590],{"class":202},[45,77122,73],{"class":59},[45,77124,595],{"class":202},[45,77126,93],{"class":59},[45,77128,77129],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,77130,77131],{"class":137},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77133,77134],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[36,77136,77138],{"className":38,"code":77137,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,77139,77140],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77141,77142,77144,77146,77148,77150,77152,77154,77156],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77143,125],{"class":124},[45,77145,109],{"class":59},[45,77147,251],{"class":105},[45,77149,278],{"class":59},[45,77151,203],{"class":202},[45,77153,1111],{"class":59},[45,77155,2056],{"class":202},[45,77157,3880],{"class":59},[1864,77159,77161],{"id":77160},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77163,77164],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[36,77166,77168],{"className":38,"code":77167,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77169,77170,77194,77208,77212,77222],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77171,77172,77174,77176,77178,77180,77182,77184,77186,77188,77190,77192],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77173,195],{"class":51},[45,77175,56],{"class":55},[45,77177,60],{"class":59},[45,77179,585],{"class":202},[45,77181,73],{"class":59},[45,77183,590],{"class":202},[45,77185,73],{"class":59},[45,77187,595],{"class":202},[45,77189,73],{"class":59},[45,77191,600],{"class":202},[45,77193,93],{"class":59},[45,77195,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,77197,75497],{"class":51},[45,77199,56],{"class":55},[45,77201,225],{"class":51},[45,77203,75373],{"class":59},[45,77205,234],{"class":202},[45,77207,93],{"class":59},[45,77209,77210],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77211,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,77213,77214,77216,77218,77220],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,77215,125],{"class":124},[45,77217,109],{"class":59},[45,77219,75520],{"class":105},[45,77221,118],{"class":59},[45,77223,77224,77226,77228,77230],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,77225,125],{"class":124},[45,77227,109],{"class":59},[45,77229,251],{"class":105},[45,77231,118],{"class":59},[14,77233,268],{},[36,77235,77237],{"className":38,"code":77236,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[18,77238,77239,77251],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77240,77241,77243,77245,77247,77249],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77242,278],{"class":59},[45,77244,585],{"class":202},[45,77246,73],{"class":59},[45,77248,590],{"class":202},[45,77250,93],{"class":59},[45,77252,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265,77267,77269],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,77254,278],{"class":59},[45,77256,585],{"class":202},[45,77258,73],{"class":59},[45,77260,590],{"class":202},[45,77262,73],{"class":59},[45,77264,595],{"class":202},[45,77266,73],{"class":59},[45,77268,600],{"class":202},[45,77270,93],{"class":59},[14,77272,77273],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1864,77275,77277,77278,8689,77280],{"id":77276},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[18,77279,75899],{},[18,77281,73364],{},[36,77283,77285],{"className":38,"code":77284,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77286,77287,77307,77311,77328,77339],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77288,77289,77291,77293,77295,77297,77299,77301,77303,77305],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77290,195],{"class":51},[45,77292,56],{"class":55},[45,77294,60],{"class":59},[45,77296,585],{"class":202},[45,77298,73],{"class":59},[45,77300,590],{"class":202},[45,77302,73],{"class":59},[45,77304,595],{"class":202},[45,77306,93],{"class":59},[45,77308,77309],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,77310,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,77312,77313,77316,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77314,77315],{"class":51},"reversed_copy ",[45,77317,56],{"class":55},[45,77319,225],{"class":51},[45,77321,73960],{"class":59},[45,77323,2016],{"class":55},[45,77325,203],{"class":202},[45,77327,93],{"class":59},[45,77329,77330,77332,77334,77337],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,77331,125],{"class":124},[45,77333,109],{"class":59},[45,77335,77336],{"class":105},"reversed_copy",[45,77338,118],{"class":59},[45,77340,77341,77343,77345,77347],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,77342,125],{"class":124},[45,77344,109],{"class":59},[45,77346,251],{"class":105},[45,77348,118],{"class":59},[14,77350,268],{},[36,77352,77354],{"className":38,"code":77353,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,77355,77356,77372],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77357,77358,77360,77362,77364,77366,77368,77370],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77359,278],{"class":59},[45,77361,616],{"class":202},[45,77363,73],{"class":59},[45,77365,590],{"class":202},[45,77367,73],{"class":59},[45,77369,5991],{"class":202},[45,77371,93],{"class":59},[45,77373,77374,77376,77378,77380,77382,77384,77386],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,77375,278],{"class":59},[45,77377,585],{"class":202},[45,77379,73],{"class":59},[45,77381,590],{"class":202},[45,77383,73],{"class":59},[45,77385,595],{"class":202},[45,77387,93],{"class":59},[14,77389,77390,77393],{},[18,77391,77392],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77395,77396,77397,77400],{},"By contrast, ",[18,77398,77399],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1864,77402,77404],{"id":77403},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77406,77407],{},"This is not allowed:",[36,77409,77411],{"className":38,"code":77410,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[18,77412,77413,77433],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77414,77415,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427,77429,77431],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77416,195],{"class":51},[45,77418,56],{"class":55},[45,77420,60],{"class":59},[45,77422,585],{"class":202},[45,77424,73],{"class":59},[45,77426,590],{"class":202},[45,77428,73],{"class":59},[45,77430,595],{"class":202},[45,77432,93],{"class":59},[45,77434,77435],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,77436,77437],{"class":137},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77439,77440,77441,102],{},"Python will raise a ",[18,77442,1041],{},[31,77444,77446],{"id":77445},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77448,77449],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[157,77451,77452,77459,77465,77468,77471],{},[160,77453,37184,77454,1301,77456,77458],{},[18,77455,36054],{},[18,77457,75264],{}," positions",[160,77460,77461,77462,77464],{},"Assuming the ",[18,77463,75264],{}," index is included",[160,77466,77467],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[160,77469,77470],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[160,77472,77473],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77475,77476],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[36,77478,77480],{"className":38,"code":77479,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,77481,77482,77492,77506,77524,77538,77555],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77483,77484,77486,77488,77490],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77485,125],{"class":124},[45,77487,109],{"class":59},[45,77489,1765],{"class":105},[45,77491,118],{"class":59},[45,77493,77494,77496,77498,77500,77502,77504],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,77495,125],{"class":124},[45,77497,109],{"class":59},[45,77499,11150],{"class":124},[45,77501,109],{"class":59},[45,77503,1765],{"class":105},[45,77505,1802],{"class":59},[45,77507,77508,77510,77512,77514,77516,77518,77520,77522],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77509,125],{"class":124},[45,77511,109],{"class":59},[45,77513,1765],{"class":105},[45,77515,278],{"class":59},[45,77517,203],{"class":202},[45,77519,1111],{"class":59},[45,77521,2498],{"class":202},[45,77523,3880],{"class":59},[45,77525,77526,77528,77530,77532,77534,77536],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,77527,125],{"class":124},[45,77529,109],{"class":59},[45,77531,1765],{"class":105},[45,77533,75373],{"class":59},[45,77535,2056],{"class":202},[45,77537,3880],{"class":59},[45,77539,77540,77542,77544,77546,77548,77550,77552],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,77541,125],{"class":124},[45,77543,109],{"class":59},[45,77545,1765],{"class":105},[45,77547,278],{"class":59},[45,77549,2016],{"class":55},[45,77551,2056],{"class":202},[45,77553,77554],{"class":59},":])\n",[45,77556,77557,77559,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,77558,125],{"class":124},[45,77560,109],{"class":59},[45,77562,1765],{"class":105},[45,77564,73960],{"class":59},[45,77566,2016],{"class":55},[45,77568,203],{"class":202},[45,77570,3880],{"class":59},[14,77572,1736,77573,77575,77576,77580],{},[18,77574,42342],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[364,77577,77579],{"href":77578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[31,77582,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,77584,77586],{"id":77585},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77588,77589],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1864,77591,77593],{"id":77592},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77595,77596],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1864,77598,5133,77600,39942],{"id":77599},"what-does-list-1-do",[18,77601,75899],{},[14,77603,77604],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1864,77606,77608,77609,2485],{"id":77607},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[18,77610,70701],{},[14,77612,77613],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[31,77615,1909],{"id":1908},[157,77617,77618,77623,77628,77632,77636,77640],{},[160,77619,77620],{},[364,77621,77622],{"href":50961},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[160,77624,77625],{},[364,77626,77627],{"href":57131},"How to create a list in Python",[160,77629,77630],{},[364,77631,14951],{"href":57197},[160,77633,77634],{},[364,77635,74645],{"href":74644},[160,77637,77638],{},[364,77639,77579],{"href":77578},[160,77641,77642],{},[364,77643,69230],{"href":69229},[14,77645,77646,77647,77649],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[18,77648,42342],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1936,77651,77652],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":77654},[77655,77656,77657,77658,77659,77660,77663,77667,77675,77676,77684],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":75428,"depth":96,"text":75429},{"id":75591,"depth":96,"text":75592},{"id":75853,"depth":96,"text":75854},{"id":76147,"depth":96,"text":76148},{"id":76393,"depth":96,"text":76394,"children":77661},[77662],{"id":76651,"depth":121,"text":76652},{"id":76705,"depth":96,"text":76706,"children":77664},[77665,77666],{"id":76712,"depth":121,"text":76713},{"id":76773,"depth":121,"text":76774},{"id":76980,"depth":96,"text":15163,"children":77668},[77669,77670,77671,77672,77674],{"id":77009,"depth":121,"text":77010},{"id":77098,"depth":121,"text":77099},{"id":77160,"depth":121,"text":77161},{"id":77276,"depth":121,"text":77673},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77403,"depth":121,"text":77404},{"id":77445,"depth":96,"text":77446},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":77677},[77678,77679,77680,77682],{"id":77585,"depth":121,"text":77586},{"id":77592,"depth":121,"text":77593},{"id":77599,"depth":121,"text":77681},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77607,"depth":121,"text":77683},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75251,"description":77685},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77692,"title":77693,"body":77694,"description":79763,"extension":1958,"meta":79764,"navigation":241,"path":79765,"seo":79766,"stem":79767,"__hash__":79768},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77695,"toc":79729},[77696,77701,77707,77713,77715,77762,77769,77774,77778,77793,77796,77849,77851,77876,77881,77883,77915,77918,77934,77936,77997,77999,78024,78028,78033,78086,78088,78113,78118,78179,78181,78206,78209,78216,78220,78223,78284,78286,78319,78322,78383,78385,78418,78424,78497,78499,78531,78538,78543,78548,78550,78562,78565,78643,78645,78686,78689,78763,78765,78798,78803,78810,78817,78821,78830,78834,78842,78844,78911,78913,78949,78954,78965,78967,78972,78977,78979,79042,79044,79069,79076,79081,79085,79088,79128,79133,79139,79144,79146,79173,79178,79181,79228,79230,79287,79294,79299,79305,79374,79378,79381,79444,79446,79479,79484,79486,79489,79570,79572,79596,79602,79604,79609,79613,79620,79628,79632,79634,79657,79661,79663,79690,79693,79700,79703,79705,79726],[10,77697,54325,77699,11311],{"id":77698},"python-list-sort-method",[18,77700,64289],{},[14,77702,77703,77706],{},[18,77704,77705],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77708,77709,77710,77712],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[18,77711,64289],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[31,77714,34],{"id":33},[36,77716,77718],{"className":38,"code":77717,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,77719,77720,77740,77750],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77721,77722,77724,77726,77728,77730,77732,77734,77736,77738],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77723,195],{"class":51},[45,77725,56],{"class":55},[45,77727,60],{"class":59},[45,77729,2056],{"class":202},[45,77731,73],{"class":59},[45,77733,5488],{"class":202},[45,77735,73],{"class":59},[45,77737,208],{"class":202},[45,77739,93],{"class":59},[45,77741,77742,77744,77746,77748],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,77743,251],{"class":51},[45,77745,102],{"class":59},[45,77747,34780],{"class":105},[45,77749,8627],{"class":59},[45,77751,77752,77754,77756,77758,77760],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77753,125],{"class":124},[45,77755,109],{"class":59},[45,77757,251],{"class":105},[45,77759,3654],{"class":59},[45,77761,54915],{"class":137},[14,77763,141,77764,77766,77767,102],{},[18,77765,77705],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,77768,301],{},[31,77770,3671,77772,3674],{"id":77771},"what-listsort-does",[18,77773,77705],{},[14,77775,77776,1111],{},[18,77777,77705],{},[157,77779,77780,77783,77786,77790],{},[160,77781,77782],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[160,77784,77785],{},"Changes the original list",[160,77787,11412,77788],{},[18,77789,301],{},[160,77791,77792],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,77794,77795],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[36,77797,77799],{"className":38,"code":77798,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77800,77801,77825,77835,77839],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77802,77803,77805,77807,77809,77811,77813,77815,77817,77819,77821,77823],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77804,195],{"class":51},[45,77806,56],{"class":55},[45,77808,60],{"class":59},[45,77810,2131],{"class":202},[45,77812,73],{"class":59},[45,77814,208],{"class":202},[45,77816,73],{"class":59},[45,77818,54119],{"class":202},[45,77820,73],{"class":59},[45,77822,5488],{"class":202},[45,77824,93],{"class":59},[45,77826,77827,77829,77831,77833],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,77828,251],{"class":51},[45,77830,102],{"class":59},[45,77832,34780],{"class":105},[45,77834,8627],{"class":59},[45,77836,77837],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77838,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,77840,77841,77843,77845,77847],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,77842,125],{"class":124},[45,77844,109],{"class":59},[45,77846,251],{"class":105},[45,77848,118],{"class":59},[14,77850,268],{},[36,77852,77854],{"className":38,"code":77853,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[18,77855,77856],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77857,77858,77860,77862,77864,77866,77868,77870,77872,77874],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77859,278],{"class":59},[45,77861,203],{"class":202},[45,77863,73],{"class":59},[45,77865,208],{"class":202},[45,77867,73],{"class":59},[45,77869,4596],{"class":202},[45,77871,73],{"class":59},[45,77873,54119],{"class":202},[45,77875,93],{"class":59},[14,77877,77878,77879,102],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[364,77880,67048],{"href":50961},[31,77882,2153],{"id":2152},[36,77884,77886],{"className":38,"code":77885,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,77887,77888],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77889,77890,77892,77894,77896,77898,77900,77902,77904,77906,77909,77911,77913],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77891,1765],{"class":51},[45,77893,102],{"class":59},[45,77895,34780],{"class":105},[45,77897,109],{"class":59},[45,77899,14827],{"class":9161},[45,77901,56],{"class":55},[45,77903,301],{"class":291},[45,77905,73],{"class":59},[45,77907,77908],{"class":9161}," reverse",[45,77910,56],{"class":55},[45,77912,3667],{"class":291},[45,77914,118],{"class":59},[14,77916,77917],{},"Main arguments:",[157,77919,77920,77925,77931],{},[160,77921,77922,77924],{},[18,77923,14827],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[160,77926,77927,77930],{},[18,77928,77929],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[160,77932,77933],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,77935,345],{},[36,77937,77939],{"className":38,"code":77938,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77940,77941,77965,77983,77987],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77942,77943,77945,77947,77949,77951,77953,77955,77957,77959,77961,77963],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77944,195],{"class":51},[45,77946,56],{"class":55},[45,77948,60],{"class":59},[45,77950,2498],{"class":202},[45,77952,73],{"class":59},[45,77954,5488],{"class":202},[45,77956,73],{"class":59},[45,77958,5980],{"class":202},[45,77960,73],{"class":59},[45,77962,208],{"class":202},[45,77964,93],{"class":59},[45,77966,77967,77969,77971,77973,77975,77977,77979,77981],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,77968,251],{"class":51},[45,77970,102],{"class":59},[45,77972,34780],{"class":105},[45,77974,109],{"class":59},[45,77976,73415],{"class":9161},[45,77978,56],{"class":55},[45,77980,3598],{"class":291},[45,77982,118],{"class":59},[45,77984,77985],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77986,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,77988,77989,77991,77993,77995],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,77990,125],{"class":124},[45,77992,109],{"class":59},[45,77994,251],{"class":105},[45,77996,118],{"class":59},[14,77998,268],{},[36,78000,78002],{"className":38,"code":78001,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[18,78003,78004],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78005,78006,78008,78010,78012,78014,78016,78018,78020,78022],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78007,278],{"class":59},[45,78009,2019],{"class":202},[45,78011,73],{"class":59},[45,78013,2450],{"class":202},[45,78015,73],{"class":59},[45,78017,208],{"class":202},[45,78019,73],{"class":59},[45,78021,5488],{"class":202},[45,78023,93],{"class":59},[31,78025,78027],{"id":78026},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,78029,141,78030,78032],{},[18,78031,64289],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[36,78034,78036],{"className":38,"code":78035,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78037,78038,78062,78072,78076],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78039,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050,78052,78054,78056,78058,78060],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78041,195],{"class":51},[45,78043,56],{"class":55},[45,78045,60],{"class":59},[45,78047,585],{"class":202},[45,78049,73],{"class":59},[45,78051,213],{"class":202},[45,78053,73],{"class":59},[45,78055,6347],{"class":202},[45,78057,73],{"class":59},[45,78059,5488],{"class":202},[45,78061,93],{"class":59},[45,78063,78064,78066,78068,78070],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,78065,251],{"class":51},[45,78067,102],{"class":59},[45,78069,34780],{"class":105},[45,78071,8627],{"class":59},[45,78073,78074],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78075,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,78077,78078,78080,78082,78084],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,78079,125],{"class":124},[45,78081,109],{"class":59},[45,78083,251],{"class":105},[45,78085,118],{"class":59},[14,78087,268],{},[36,78089,78091],{"className":38,"code":78090,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[18,78092,78093],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78094,78095,78097,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107,78109,78111],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78096,278],{"class":59},[45,78098,203],{"class":202},[45,78100,73],{"class":59},[45,78102,213],{"class":202},[45,78104,73],{"class":59},[45,78106,6347],{"class":202},[45,78108,73],{"class":59},[45,78110,5991],{"class":202},[45,78112,93],{"class":59},[14,78114,141,78115,78117],{},[18,78116,77929],{}," for descending order:",[36,78119,78121],{"className":38,"code":78120,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78122,78123,78147,78165,78169],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78124,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139,78141,78143,78145],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78126,195],{"class":51},[45,78128,56],{"class":55},[45,78130,60],{"class":59},[45,78132,585],{"class":202},[45,78134,73],{"class":59},[45,78136,213],{"class":202},[45,78138,73],{"class":59},[45,78140,6347],{"class":202},[45,78142,73],{"class":59},[45,78144,5488],{"class":202},[45,78146,93],{"class":59},[45,78148,78149,78151,78153,78155,78157,78159,78161,78163],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,78150,251],{"class":51},[45,78152,102],{"class":59},[45,78154,34780],{"class":105},[45,78156,109],{"class":59},[45,78158,73415],{"class":9161},[45,78160,56],{"class":55},[45,78162,3598],{"class":291},[45,78164,118],{"class":59},[45,78166,78167],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78168,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,78170,78171,78173,78175,78177],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,78172,125],{"class":124},[45,78174,109],{"class":59},[45,78176,251],{"class":105},[45,78178,118],{"class":59},[14,78180,268],{},[36,78182,78184],{"className":38,"code":78183,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[18,78185,78186],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78187,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200,78202,78204],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78189,278],{"class":59},[45,78191,585],{"class":202},[45,78193,73],{"class":59},[45,78195,6347],{"class":202},[45,78197,73],{"class":59},[45,78199,213],{"class":202},[45,78201,73],{"class":59},[45,78203,5488],{"class":202},[45,78205,93],{"class":59},[14,78207,78208],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78210,78211,78212,102],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[364,78213,78215],{"href":78214},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[31,78217,78219],{"id":78218},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78221,78222],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[36,78224,78226],{"className":38,"code":78225,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78227,78228,78260,78270,78274],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78229,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254,78256,78258],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78231,4062],{"class":51},[45,78233,56],{"class":55},[45,78235,60],{"class":59},[45,78237,64],{"class":63},[45,78239,79],{"class":67},[45,78241,64],{"class":63},[45,78243,73],{"class":59},[45,78245,76],{"class":63},[45,78247,68],{"class":67},[45,78249,64],{"class":63},[45,78251,73],{"class":59},[45,78253,76],{"class":63},[45,78255,4087],{"class":67},[45,78257,64],{"class":63},[45,78259,93],{"class":59},[45,78261,78262,78264,78266,78268],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,78263,4104],{"class":51},[45,78265,102],{"class":59},[45,78267,34780],{"class":105},[45,78269,8627],{"class":59},[45,78271,78272],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78273,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,78275,78276,78278,78280,78282],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,78277,125],{"class":124},[45,78279,109],{"class":59},[45,78281,4104],{"class":105},[45,78283,118],{"class":59},[14,78285,268],{},[36,78287,78289],{"className":38,"code":78288,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78290,78291],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78292,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309,78311,78313,78315,78317],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78294,278],{"class":59},[45,78296,429],{"class":63},[45,78298,68],{"class":67},[45,78300,429],{"class":63},[45,78302,73],{"class":59},[45,78304,438],{"class":63},[45,78306,79],{"class":67},[45,78308,429],{"class":63},[45,78310,73],{"class":59},[45,78312,438],{"class":63},[45,78314,4087],{"class":67},[45,78316,429],{"class":63},[45,78318,93],{"class":59},[14,78320,78321],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[36,78323,78325],{"className":38,"code":78324,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78326,78327,78359,78369,78373],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78328,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355,78357],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78330,4062],{"class":51},[45,78332,56],{"class":55},[45,78334,60],{"class":59},[45,78336,64],{"class":63},[45,78338,79],{"class":67},[45,78340,64],{"class":63},[45,78342,73],{"class":59},[45,78344,76],{"class":63},[45,78346,57746],{"class":67},[45,78348,64],{"class":63},[45,78350,73],{"class":59},[45,78352,76],{"class":63},[45,78354,4087],{"class":67},[45,78356,64],{"class":63},[45,78358,93],{"class":59},[45,78360,78361,78363,78365,78367],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,78362,4104],{"class":51},[45,78364,102],{"class":59},[45,78366,34780],{"class":105},[45,78368,8627],{"class":59},[45,78370,78371],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78372,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,78374,78375,78377,78379,78381],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,78376,125],{"class":124},[45,78378,109],{"class":59},[45,78380,4104],{"class":105},[45,78382,118],{"class":59},[14,78384,268],{},[36,78386,78388],{"className":38,"code":78387,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78389,78390],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78391,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412,78414,78416],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78393,278],{"class":59},[45,78395,429],{"class":63},[45,78397,57746],{"class":67},[45,78399,429],{"class":63},[45,78401,73],{"class":59},[45,78403,438],{"class":63},[45,78405,79],{"class":67},[45,78407,429],{"class":63},[45,78409,73],{"class":59},[45,78411,438],{"class":63},[45,78413,4087],{"class":67},[45,78415,429],{"class":63},[45,78417,93],{"class":59},[14,78419,78420,78421,1111],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[18,78422,78423],{},"key=str.lower",[36,78425,78427],{"className":38,"code":78426,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78428,78429,78461,78483,78487],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78430,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457,78459],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78432,4062],{"class":51},[45,78434,56],{"class":55},[45,78436,60],{"class":59},[45,78438,64],{"class":63},[45,78440,79],{"class":67},[45,78442,64],{"class":63},[45,78444,73],{"class":59},[45,78446,76],{"class":63},[45,78448,57746],{"class":67},[45,78450,64],{"class":63},[45,78452,73],{"class":59},[45,78454,76],{"class":63},[45,78456,4087],{"class":67},[45,78458,64],{"class":63},[45,78460,93],{"class":59},[45,78462,78463,78465,78467,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477,78479,78481],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,78464,4104],{"class":51},[45,78466,102],{"class":59},[45,78468,34780],{"class":105},[45,78470,109],{"class":59},[45,78472,14827],{"class":9161},[45,78474,56],{"class":55},[45,78476,3436],{"class":315},[45,78478,102],{"class":59},[45,78480,8624],{"class":1831},[45,78482,118],{"class":59},[45,78484,78485],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78486,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,78488,78489,78491,78493,78495],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,78490,125],{"class":124},[45,78492,109],{"class":59},[45,78494,4104],{"class":105},[45,78496,118],{"class":59},[14,78498,268],{},[36,78500,78501],{"className":38,"code":78387,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,78502,78503],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78504,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525,78527,78529],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78506,278],{"class":59},[45,78508,429],{"class":63},[45,78510,57746],{"class":67},[45,78512,429],{"class":63},[45,78514,73],{"class":59},[45,78516,438],{"class":63},[45,78518,79],{"class":67},[45,78520,429],{"class":63},[45,78522,73],{"class":59},[45,78524,438],{"class":63},[45,78526,4087],{"class":67},[45,78528,429],{"class":63},[45,78530,93],{"class":59},[14,78532,78533,78534,78537],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[18,78535,78536],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[31,78539,36593,78541,36596],{"id":78540},"using-the-key-argument",[18,78542,14827],{},[14,78544,16,78545,78547],{},[18,78546,14827],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78549,7330],{},[157,78551,78552,78557],{},[160,78553,78554,78556],{},[18,78555,11150],{}," to sort by length",[160,78558,78559,78561],{},[18,78560,78536],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78563,78564],{},"Sort words by length:",[36,78566,78568],{"className":38,"code":78567,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78569,78570,78611,78629,78633],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78571,78572,78574,78576,78578,78580,78583,78585,78587,78589,78591,78593,78595,78597,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78573,4062],{"class":51},[45,78575,56],{"class":55},[45,78577,60],{"class":59},[45,78579,64],{"class":63},[45,78581,78582],{"class":67},"pear",[45,78584,64],{"class":63},[45,78586,73],{"class":59},[45,78588,76],{"class":63},[45,78590,79],{"class":67},[45,78592,64],{"class":63},[45,78594,73],{"class":59},[45,78596,76],{"class":63},[45,78598,38339],{"class":67},[45,78600,64],{"class":63},[45,78602,73],{"class":59},[45,78604,76],{"class":63},[45,78606,68],{"class":67},[45,78608,64],{"class":63},[45,78610,93],{"class":59},[45,78612,78613,78615,78617,78619,78621,78623,78625,78627],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,78614,4104],{"class":51},[45,78616,102],{"class":59},[45,78618,34780],{"class":105},[45,78620,109],{"class":59},[45,78622,14827],{"class":9161},[45,78624,56],{"class":55},[45,78626,11150],{"class":124},[45,78628,118],{"class":59},[45,78630,78631],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78632,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,78634,78635,78637,78639,78641],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,78636,125],{"class":124},[45,78638,109],{"class":59},[45,78640,4104],{"class":105},[45,78642,118],{"class":59},[14,78644,268],{},[36,78646,78648],{"className":38,"code":78647,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[18,78649,78650],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78651,78652,78654,78656,78658,78660,78662,78664,78666,78668,78670,78672,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78653,278],{"class":59},[45,78655,429],{"class":63},[45,78657,38339],{"class":67},[45,78659,429],{"class":63},[45,78661,73],{"class":59},[45,78663,438],{"class":63},[45,78665,78582],{"class":67},[45,78667,429],{"class":63},[45,78669,73],{"class":59},[45,78671,438],{"class":63},[45,78673,68],{"class":67},[45,78675,429],{"class":63},[45,78677,73],{"class":59},[45,78679,438],{"class":63},[45,78681,79],{"class":67},[45,78683,429],{"class":63},[45,78685,93],{"class":59},[14,78687,78688],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[36,78690,78692],{"className":38,"code":78691,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78693,78694,78727,78749,78753],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78695,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718,78720,78723,78725],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78697,4062],{"class":51},[45,78699,56],{"class":55},[45,78701,60],{"class":59},[45,78703,64],{"class":63},[45,78705,5004],{"class":67},[45,78707,64],{"class":63},[45,78709,73],{"class":59},[45,78711,76],{"class":63},[45,78713,17788],{"class":67},[45,78715,64],{"class":63},[45,78717,73],{"class":59},[45,78719,76],{"class":63},[45,78721,78722],{"class":67},"Carol",[45,78724,64],{"class":63},[45,78726,93],{"class":59},[45,78728,78729,78731,78733,78735,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,78730,4104],{"class":51},[45,78732,102],{"class":59},[45,78734,34780],{"class":105},[45,78736,109],{"class":59},[45,78738,14827],{"class":9161},[45,78740,56],{"class":55},[45,78742,3436],{"class":315},[45,78744,102],{"class":59},[45,78746,8624],{"class":1831},[45,78748,118],{"class":59},[45,78750,78751],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78752,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,78754,78755,78757,78759,78761],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,78756,125],{"class":124},[45,78758,109],{"class":59},[45,78760,4104],{"class":105},[45,78762,118],{"class":59},[14,78764,268],{},[36,78766,78768],{"className":38,"code":78767,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[18,78769,78770],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78771,78772,78774,78776,78778,78780,78782,78784,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794,78796],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78773,278],{"class":59},[45,78775,429],{"class":63},[45,78777,17788],{"class":67},[45,78779,429],{"class":63},[45,78781,73],{"class":59},[45,78783,438],{"class":63},[45,78785,5004],{"class":67},[45,78787,429],{"class":63},[45,78789,73],{"class":59},[45,78791,438],{"class":63},[45,78793,78722],{"class":67},[45,78795,429],{"class":63},[45,78797,93],{"class":59},[14,78799,16,78800,78802],{},[18,78801,14827],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[31,78804,78806,10572,78808],{"id":78805},"listsort-vs-sorted",[18,78807,77705],{},[18,78809,74262],{},[14,78811,78812,1301,78814,78816],{},[18,78813,77705],{},[18,78815,74262],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,78818,78819,1111],{},[18,78820,77705],{},[157,78822,78823,78826],{},[160,78824,78825],{},"Changes the existing list",[160,78827,11412,78828],{},[18,78829,301],{},[14,78831,78832,1111],{},[18,78833,74262],{},[157,78835,78836,78839],{},[160,78837,78838],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[160,78840,78841],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,78843,345],{},[36,78845,78847],{"className":38,"code":78846,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[18,78848,78849,78869,78873,78887,78891,78901],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78850,78851,78853,78855,78857,78859,78861,78863,78865,78867],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78852,195],{"class":51},[45,78854,56],{"class":55},[45,78856,60],{"class":59},[45,78858,2056],{"class":202},[45,78860,73],{"class":59},[45,78862,5488],{"class":202},[45,78864,73],{"class":59},[45,78866,208],{"class":202},[45,78868,93],{"class":59},[45,78870,78871],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,78872,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,78874,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78876,55867],{"class":51},[45,78878,56],{"class":55},[45,78880,74396],{"class":124},[45,78882,109],{"class":59},[45,78884,251],{"class":105},[45,78886,118],{"class":59},[45,78888,78889],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,78890,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,78892,78893,78895,78897,78899],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,78894,125],{"class":124},[45,78896,109],{"class":59},[45,78898,251],{"class":105},[45,78900,118],{"class":59},[45,78902,78903,78905,78907,78909],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,78904,125],{"class":124},[45,78906,109],{"class":59},[45,78908,74119],{"class":105},[45,78910,118],{"class":59},[14,78912,268],{},[36,78914,78915],{"className":38,"code":74431,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,78916,78917,78933],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78918,78919,78921,78923,78925,78927,78929,78931],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78920,278],{"class":59},[45,78922,2056],{"class":202},[45,78924,73],{"class":59},[45,78926,5488],{"class":202},[45,78928,73],{"class":59},[45,78930,208],{"class":202},[45,78932,93],{"class":59},[45,78934,78935,78937,78939,78941,78943,78945,78947],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,78936,278],{"class":59},[45,78938,203],{"class":202},[45,78940,73],{"class":59},[45,78942,208],{"class":202},[45,78944,73],{"class":59},[45,78946,213],{"class":202},[45,78948,93],{"class":59},[14,78950,141,78951,78953],{},[18,78952,74262],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,78955,78956,78957,1301,78961,102],{},"You can learn more in ",[364,78958,3569,78959,5774],{"href":74359},[18,78960,74262],{},[364,78962,78964],{"href":78963},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[31,78966,1709],{"id":1708},[14,78968,78969,78970,102],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,78971,77705],{},[1864,78973,1728,78975],{"id":78974},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[18,78976,64289],{},[14,78978,25673],{},[36,78980,78982],{"className":38,"code":78981,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78983,78984,79004,79018,79022,79032],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78985,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994,78996,78998,79000,79002],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78987,195],{"class":51},[45,78989,56],{"class":55},[45,78991,60],{"class":59},[45,78993,2056],{"class":202},[45,78995,73],{"class":59},[45,78997,5488],{"class":202},[45,78999,73],{"class":59},[45,79001,208],{"class":202},[45,79003,93],{"class":59},[45,79005,79006,79008,79010,79012,79014,79016],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,79007,220],{"class":51},[45,79009,56],{"class":55},[45,79011,225],{"class":51},[45,79013,102],{"class":59},[45,79015,34780],{"class":105},[45,79017,8627],{"class":59},[45,79019,79020],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79021,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,79023,79024,79026,79028,79030],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,79025,125],{"class":124},[45,79027,109],{"class":59},[45,79029,263],{"class":105},[45,79031,118],{"class":59},[45,79033,79034,79036,79038,79040],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,79035,125],{"class":124},[45,79037,109],{"class":59},[45,79039,251],{"class":105},[45,79041,118],{"class":59},[14,79043,268],{},[36,79045,79047],{"className":38,"code":79046,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,79048,79049,79053],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79050,79051],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79052,292],{"class":291},[45,79054,79055,79057,79059,79061,79063,79065,79067],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,79056,278],{"class":59},[45,79058,203],{"class":202},[45,79060,73],{"class":59},[45,79062,208],{"class":202},[45,79064,73],{"class":59},[45,79066,213],{"class":202},[45,79068,93],{"class":59},[14,79070,79071,79073,79074,102],{},[18,79072,64289],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[18,79075,301],{},[14,79077,79078,79079,6618],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[18,79080,74262],{},[1864,79082,79084],{"id":79083},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79086,79087],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[36,79089,79091],{"className":38,"code":79090,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[18,79092,79093,79118],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79094,79095,79097,79099,79101,79103,79105,79107,79110,79112,79114,79116],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79096,52],{"class":51},[45,79098,56],{"class":55},[45,79100,60],{"class":59},[45,79102,203],{"class":202},[45,79104,73],{"class":59},[45,79106,76],{"class":63},[45,79108,79109],{"class":67},"two",[45,79111,64],{"class":63},[45,79113,73],{"class":59},[45,79115,213],{"class":202},[45,79117,93],{"class":59},[45,79119,79120,79122,79124,79126],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,79121,99],{"class":51},[45,79123,102],{"class":59},[45,79125,34780],{"class":105},[45,79127,8627],{"class":59},[14,79129,2995,79130,79132],{},[18,79131,2998],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1864,79134,4695,79136,79138],{"id":79135},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[18,79137,64289],{}," only works on lists",[14,79140,79141,79143],{},[18,79142,64289],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79145,16629],{},[36,79147,79149],{"className":38,"code":79148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[18,79150,79151,79163],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79152,79153,79155,79157,79159,79161],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79154,34669],{"class":51},[45,79156,56],{"class":55},[45,79158,76],{"class":63},[45,79160,40],{"class":67},[45,79162,1194],{"class":63},[45,79164,79165,79167,79169,79171],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,79166,34690],{"class":51},[45,79168,102],{"class":59},[45,79170,34780],{"class":105},[45,79172,8627],{"class":59},[14,79174,79175,79176,33581],{},"Strings do not have a ",[18,79177,64289],{},[14,79179,79180],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[36,79182,79184],{"className":38,"code":79183,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,79185,79186,79204,79214,79218],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79187,79188,79190,79192,79194,79196,79198,79200,79202],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79189,355],{"class":51},[45,79191,56],{"class":55},[45,79193,1114],{"class":315},[45,79195,109],{"class":59},[45,79197,64],{"class":63},[45,79199,40],{"class":67},[45,79201,64],{"class":63},[45,79203,118],{"class":59},[45,79205,79206,79208,79210,79212],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,79207,391],{"class":51},[45,79209,102],{"class":59},[45,79211,34780],{"class":105},[45,79213,8627],{"class":59},[45,79215,79216],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79217,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,79219,79220,79222,79224,79226],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,79221,125],{"class":124},[45,79223,109],{"class":59},[45,79225,391],{"class":105},[45,79227,118],{"class":59},[14,79229,268],{},[36,79231,79233],{"className":38,"code":79232,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[18,79234,79235],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79236,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251,79253,79255,79257,79259,79261,79263,79265,79267,79269,79271,79273,79275,79277,79279,79281,79283,79285],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79238,278],{"class":59},[45,79240,429],{"class":63},[45,79242,60415],{"class":67},[45,79244,429],{"class":63},[45,79246,73],{"class":59},[45,79248,438],{"class":63},[45,79250,75868],{"class":67},[45,79252,429],{"class":63},[45,79254,73],{"class":59},[45,79256,438],{"class":63},[45,79258,60450],{"class":67},[45,79260,429],{"class":63},[45,79262,73],{"class":59},[45,79264,438],{"class":63},[45,79266,14],{"class":67},[45,79268,429],{"class":63},[45,79270,73],{"class":59},[45,79272,438],{"class":63},[45,79274,63264],{"class":67},[45,79276,429],{"class":63},[45,79278,73],{"class":59},[45,79280,438],{"class":63},[45,79282,11734],{"class":67},[45,79284,429],{"class":63},[45,79286,93],{"class":59},[1864,79288,79290,79291,79293],{"id":79289},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[18,79292,14827],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79295,79296,79297,102],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[18,79298,14827],{},[14,79300,79301,79302,79304],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[18,79303,64289],{}," will not do that:",[36,79306,79308],{"className":38,"code":79307,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79309,79310,79342,79360,79364],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79311,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322,79324,79326,79328,79330,79332,79334,79336,79338,79340],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79313,4062],{"class":51},[45,79315,56],{"class":55},[45,79317,60],{"class":59},[45,79319,64],{"class":63},[45,79321,79],{"class":67},[45,79323,64],{"class":63},[45,79325,73],{"class":59},[45,79327,76],{"class":63},[45,79329,38339],{"class":67},[45,79331,64],{"class":63},[45,79333,73],{"class":59},[45,79335,76],{"class":63},[45,79337,68],{"class":67},[45,79339,64],{"class":63},[45,79341,93],{"class":59},[45,79343,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356,79358],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,79345,4104],{"class":51},[45,79347,102],{"class":59},[45,79349,34780],{"class":105},[45,79351,109],{"class":59},[45,79353,14827],{"class":9161},[45,79355,56],{"class":55},[45,79357,11150],{"class":124},[45,79359,118],{"class":59},[45,79361,79362],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79363,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,79365,79366,79368,79370,79372],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,79367,125],{"class":124},[45,79369,109],{"class":59},[45,79371,4104],{"class":105},[45,79373,118],{"class":59},[1864,79375,79377],{"id":79376},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79379,79380],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[36,79382,79384],{"className":38,"code":79383,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79385,79386,79420,79430,79434],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79387,79388,79390,79392,79394,79396,79399,79401,79403,79405,79407,79409,79411,79413,79416,79418],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79389,4062],{"class":51},[45,79391,56],{"class":55},[45,79393,60],{"class":59},[45,79395,64],{"class":63},[45,79397,79398],{"class":67},"zebra",[45,79400,64],{"class":63},[45,79402,73],{"class":59},[45,79404,76],{"class":63},[45,79406,57746],{"class":67},[45,79408,64],{"class":63},[45,79410,73],{"class":59},[45,79412,76],{"class":63},[45,79414,79415],{"class":67},"monkey",[45,79417,64],{"class":63},[45,79419,93],{"class":59},[45,79421,79422,79424,79426,79428],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,79423,4104],{"class":51},[45,79425,102],{"class":59},[45,79427,34780],{"class":105},[45,79429,8627],{"class":59},[45,79431,79432],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79433,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,79435,79436,79438,79440,79442],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,79437,125],{"class":124},[45,79439,109],{"class":59},[45,79441,4104],{"class":105},[45,79443,118],{"class":59},[14,79445,268],{},[36,79447,79449],{"className":38,"code":79448,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[18,79450,79451],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79452,79453,79455,79457,79459,79461,79463,79465,79467,79469,79471,79473,79475,79477],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79454,278],{"class":59},[45,79456,429],{"class":63},[45,79458,57746],{"class":67},[45,79460,429],{"class":63},[45,79462,73],{"class":59},[45,79464,438],{"class":63},[45,79466,79415],{"class":67},[45,79468,429],{"class":63},[45,79470,73],{"class":59},[45,79472,438],{"class":63},[45,79474,79398],{"class":67},[45,79476,429],{"class":63},[45,79478,93],{"class":59},[14,79480,141,79481,79483],{},[18,79482,78423],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1864,79485,60687],{"id":60686},[14,79487,79488],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[36,79490,79492],{"className":38,"code":79491,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[18,79493,79494,79504,79518,79532,79546],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79495,79496,79498,79500,79502],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79497,125],{"class":124},[45,79499,109],{"class":59},[45,79501,1765],{"class":105},[45,79503,118],{"class":59},[45,79505,79506,79508,79510,79512,79514,79516],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,79507,125],{"class":124},[45,79509,109],{"class":59},[45,79511,1811],{"class":315},[45,79513,109],{"class":59},[45,79515,1765],{"class":105},[45,79517,1802],{"class":59},[45,79519,79520,79522,79524,79526,79528,79530],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79521,125],{"class":124},[45,79523,109],{"class":59},[45,79525,1765],{"class":105},[45,79527,102],{"class":59},[45,79529,34780],{"class":105},[45,79531,7181],{"class":59},[45,79533,79534,79536,79538,79540,79542,79544],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,79535,125],{"class":124},[45,79537,109],{"class":59},[45,79539,74352],{"class":124},[45,79541,109],{"class":59},[45,79543,1765],{"class":105},[45,79545,1802],{"class":59},[45,79547,79548,79550,79552,79554,79556,79558,79560,79562,79564,79566,79568],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,79549,125],{"class":124},[45,79551,2979],{"class":59},[45,79553,1811],{"class":315},[45,79555,109],{"class":59},[45,79557,23293],{"class":105},[45,79559,3654],{"class":59},[45,79561,3870],{"class":969},[45,79563,973],{"class":105},[45,79565,976],{"class":969},[45,79567,1780],{"class":105},[45,79569,3880],{"class":59},[14,79571,11159],{},[157,79573,79574,79577,79580,79587,79593],{},[160,79575,79576],{},"What values are in the list",[160,79578,79579],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[160,79581,79582,79583,1326,79585],{},"That ",[18,79584,64289],{},[18,79586,301],{},[160,79588,79589,79590,79592],{},"Whether ",[18,79591,74262],{}," works better for your case",[160,79594,79595],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79597,79598,79599,79601],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[18,79600,2998],{}," problems.",[31,79603,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,79605,175,79607,55448],{"id":79606},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[18,79608,77705],{},[14,79610,62580,79611,102],{},[18,79612,301],{},[1864,79614,5170,79616,1301,79618,2485],{"id":79615},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[18,79617,64289],{},[18,79619,74262],{},[14,79621,79622,79624,79625,79627],{},[18,79623,64289],{}," changes the list itself. ",[18,79626,74262],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1864,79629,79631],{"id":79630},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79633,18680],{},[36,79635,79637],{"className":38,"code":79636,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[18,79638,79639],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79640,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653,79655],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79642,1765],{"class":51},[45,79644,102],{"class":59},[45,79646,34780],{"class":105},[45,79648,109],{"class":59},[45,79650,73415],{"class":9161},[45,79652,56],{"class":55},[45,79654,3598],{"class":291},[45,79656,118],{"class":59},[1864,79658,79660],{"id":79659},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79662,18680],{},[36,79664,79666],{"className":38,"code":79665,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[18,79667,79668],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79669,79670,79672,79674,79676,79678,79680,79682,79684,79686,79688],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79671,1765],{"class":51},[45,79673,102],{"class":59},[45,79675,34780],{"class":105},[45,79677,109],{"class":59},[45,79679,14827],{"class":9161},[45,79681,56],{"class":55},[45,79683,3436],{"class":315},[45,79685,102],{"class":59},[45,79687,8624],{"class":1831},[45,79689,118],{"class":59},[14,79691,79692],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1864,79694,79696,79697,79699],{"id":79695},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[18,79698,2998],{}," when sorting?",[14,79701,79702],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[31,79704,1909],{"id":1908},[157,79706,79707,79712,79718,79722],{},[160,79708,79709],{},[364,79710,79711],{"href":78214},"How to sort a list in Python",[160,79713,79714],{},[364,79715,3569,79716,5774],{"href":74359},[18,79717,74262],{},[160,79719,79720],{},[364,79721,67048],{"href":50961},[160,79723,79724],{},[364,79725,78964],{"href":78963},[1936,79727,79728],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":79730},[79731,79732,79734,79735,79736,79737,79739,79741,79752,79762],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":77771,"depth":96,"text":79733},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":78026,"depth":96,"text":78027},{"id":78218,"depth":96,"text":78219},{"id":78540,"depth":96,"text":79738},"Using the key argument",{"id":78805,"depth":96,"text":79740},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":79742},[79743,79745,79746,79748,79750,79751],{"id":78974,"depth":121,"text":79744},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79083,"depth":121,"text":79084},{"id":79135,"depth":121,"text":79747},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79289,"depth":121,"text":79749},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79376,"depth":121,"text":79377},{"id":60686,"depth":121,"text":60687},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":79753},[79754,79756,79758,79759,79760],{"id":79606,"depth":121,"text":79755},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79615,"depth":121,"text":79757},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79630,"depth":121,"text":79631},{"id":79659,"depth":121,"text":79660},{"id":79695,"depth":121,"text":79761},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77693,"description":79763},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79770,"title":79771,"body":79772,"description":82403,"extension":1958,"meta":82404,"navigation":241,"path":82405,"seo":82406,"stem":82407,"__hash__":82408},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79773,"toc":82362},[79774,79779,79784,79787,79798,79801,79821,79823,79885,79887,79928,79937,79942,79947,79953,79964,79966,79985,79988,79993,79998,80000,80005,80019,80021,80039,80042,80059,80062,80068,80091,80096,80098,80101,80162,80164,80197,80199,80238,80246,80256,80262,80267,80360,80362,80386,80388,80406,80409,80440,80446,80451,80454,80456,80581,80583,80607,80609,80628,80634,80640,80759,80761,80778,80785,80791,80796,80803,80809,80811,80868,80871,80892,80895,80898,80959,80961,80994,80998,81068,81070,81087,81091,81094,81169,81171,81208,81211,81214,81285,81287,81348,81353,81358,81361,81375,81377,81450,81452,81472,81475,81478,81535,81597,81600,81632,81635,81650,81655,81657,81663,81666,81722,81725,81727,81746,81750,81752,81796,81805,81807,81867,81871,81874,81876,81969,81971,82086,82090,82092,82166,82169,82172,82174,82179,82244,82246,82270,82280,82282,82288,82297,82306,82315,82321,82324,82328,82331,82333,82359],[10,79775,3569,79777,3573],{"id":79776},"python-map-function-explained",[18,79778,39698],{},[14,79780,3576,79781,79783],{},[18,79782,39698],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79785,79786],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[157,79788,79789,79792,79795],{},[160,79790,79791],{},"converting numbers to strings",[160,79793,79794],{},"changing strings to integers",[160,79796,79797],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,79799,79800],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[157,79802,79803,79810,79816],{},[160,79804,79805,14039,79807,79809],{},[18,79806,39698],{},[26,79808,178],{}," return a list in Python 3",[160,79811,79812,79813],{},"it returns a ",[26,79814,79815],{},"map object",[160,79817,79818,79819],{},"you often convert that result with ",[18,79820,24763],{},[31,79822,34],{"id":33},[36,79824,79826],{"className":38,"code":79825,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,79827,79828,79852,79871],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79829,79830,79832,79834,79836,79838,79840,79842,79844,79846,79848,79850],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79831,195],{"class":51},[45,79833,56],{"class":55},[45,79835,60],{"class":59},[45,79837,203],{"class":202},[45,79839,73],{"class":59},[45,79841,208],{"class":202},[45,79843,73],{"class":59},[45,79845,213],{"class":202},[45,79847,73],{"class":59},[45,79849,2450],{"class":202},[45,79851,93],{"class":59},[45,79853,79854,79856,79858,79861,79863,79865,79867,79869],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,79855,220],{"class":51},[45,79857,56],{"class":55},[45,79859,79860],{"class":124}," map",[45,79862,109],{"class":59},[45,79864,3436],{"class":315},[45,79866,73],{"class":59},[45,79868,225],{"class":105},[45,79870,118],{"class":59},[45,79872,79873,79875,79877,79879,79881,79883],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79874,125],{"class":124},[45,79876,109],{"class":59},[45,79878,316],{"class":315},[45,79880,109],{"class":59},[45,79882,263],{"class":105},[45,79884,1802],{"class":59},[14,79886,268],{},[36,79888,79890],{"className":38,"code":79889,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[18,79891,79892],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79893,79894,79896,79898,79900,79902,79904,79906,79908,79910,79912,79914,79916,79918,79920,79922,79924,79926],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79895,278],{"class":59},[45,79897,429],{"class":63},[45,79899,203],{"class":67},[45,79901,429],{"class":63},[45,79903,73],{"class":59},[45,79905,438],{"class":63},[45,79907,234],{"class":67},[45,79909,429],{"class":63},[45,79911,73],{"class":59},[45,79913,438],{"class":63},[45,79915,2056],{"class":67},[45,79917,429],{"class":63},[45,79919,73],{"class":59},[45,79921,438],{"class":63},[45,79923,2498],{"class":67},[45,79925,429],{"class":63},[45,79927,93],{"class":59},[14,79929,141,79930,79933,79934,79936],{},[18,79931,79932],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[18,79935,24763],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[31,79938,3671,79940,3674],{"id":79939},"what-map-does",[18,79941,39698],{},[14,79943,79944,79946],{},[18,79945,39698],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79948,79949,79950,79952],{},"An ",[26,79951,3714],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[157,79954,79955,79957,79959,79961],{},[160,79956,37882],{},[160,79958,37885],{},[160,79960,37888],{},[160,79962,79963],{},"a range object",[14,79965,30706],{},[36,79967,79969],{"className":38,"code":79968,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"map(function, iterable)\n",[18,79970,79971],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79972,79973,79975,79977,79979,79981,79983],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79974,39841],{"class":124},[45,79976,109],{"class":59},[45,79978,37841],{"class":105},[45,79980,73],{"class":59},[45,79982,37846],{"class":105},[45,79984,118],{"class":59},[14,79986,79987],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,79989,79990,79991,33722],{},"Important: the result is a ",[26,79992,79815],{},[14,79994,79995,79996,102],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[364,79997,5127],{"href":5126},[31,79999,2153],{"id":2152},[14,80001,80002,80004],{},[18,80003,39698],{}," needs at least two parts:",[157,80006,80007,80013],{},[160,80008,80009,80012],{},[26,80010,80011],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[160,80014,80015,80018],{},[26,80016,80017],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,80020,3700],{},[36,80022,80023],{"className":38,"code":79968,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,80024,80025],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80026,80027,80029,80031,80033,80035,80037],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80028,39841],{"class":124},[45,80030,109],{"class":59},[45,80032,37841],{"class":105},[45,80034,73],{"class":59},[45,80036,37846],{"class":105},[45,80038,118],{"class":59},[14,80040,80041],{},"You can pass:",[157,80043,80044,80053,80056],{},[160,80045,80046,80047,2185,80049,2189,80051],{},"built-in functions like ",[18,80048,3436],{},[18,80050,2184],{},[18,80052,2011],{},[160,80054,80055],{},"your own custom function",[160,80057,80058],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80060,80061],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80063,80064,80065,80067],{},"You will often see ",[18,80066,39698],{}," used like this:",[36,80069,80071],{"className":38,"code":80070,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list(map(function, values))\n",[18,80072,80073],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80074,80075,80077,80079,80081,80083,80085,80087,80089],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80076,316],{"class":315},[45,80078,109],{"class":59},[45,80080,39841],{"class":124},[45,80082,109],{"class":59},[45,80084,37841],{"class":105},[45,80086,73],{"class":59},[45,80088,3877],{"class":105},[45,80090,1802],{"class":59},[14,80092,6664,80093,80095],{},[18,80094,24763],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[31,80097,11464],{"id":11463},[14,80099,80100],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[36,80102,80104],{"className":38,"code":80103,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80105,80106,80126,80144,80148],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80107,80108,80110,80112,80114,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80109,195],{"class":51},[45,80111,56],{"class":55},[45,80113,60],{"class":59},[45,80115,585],{"class":202},[45,80117,73],{"class":59},[45,80119,590],{"class":202},[45,80121,73],{"class":59},[45,80123,595],{"class":202},[45,80125,93],{"class":59},[45,80127,80128,80130,80132,80134,80136,80138,80140,80142],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,80129,220],{"class":51},[45,80131,56],{"class":55},[45,80133,79860],{"class":124},[45,80135,109],{"class":59},[45,80137,3436],{"class":315},[45,80139,73],{"class":59},[45,80141,225],{"class":105},[45,80143,118],{"class":59},[45,80145,80146],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,80147,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,80149,80150,80152,80154,80156,80158,80160],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,80151,125],{"class":124},[45,80153,109],{"class":59},[45,80155,316],{"class":315},[45,80157,109],{"class":59},[45,80159,263],{"class":105},[45,80161,1802],{"class":59},[14,80163,268],{},[36,80165,80167],{"className":38,"code":80166,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[18,80168,80169],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80170,80171,80173,80175,80177,80179,80181,80183,80185,80187,80189,80191,80193,80195],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80172,278],{"class":59},[45,80174,429],{"class":63},[45,80176,585],{"class":67},[45,80178,429],{"class":63},[45,80180,73],{"class":59},[45,80182,438],{"class":63},[45,80184,15741],{"class":67},[45,80186,429],{"class":63},[45,80188,73],{"class":59},[45,80190,438],{"class":63},[45,80192,616],{"class":67},[45,80194,429],{"class":63},[45,80196,93],{"class":59},[14,80198,551],{},[157,80200,80201,80206,80214,80222,80230],{},[160,80202,80203,80205],{},[18,80204,251],{}," contains integers",[160,80207,80208,80211,80212],{},[18,80209,80210],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[18,80213,47665],{},[160,80215,80216,42136,80219],{},[18,80217,80218],{},"str(10)",[18,80220,80221],{},"'10'",[160,80223,80224,42136,80227],{},[18,80225,80226],{},"str(20)",[18,80228,80229],{},"'20'",[160,80231,80232,42136,80235],{},[18,80233,80234],{},"str(30)",[18,80236,80237],{},"'30'",[14,80239,53636,80240,80242,80243,80245],{},[18,80241,39698],{}," applies ",[18,80244,47665],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80247,80248,80249,80251,80252,102],{},"If you want to understand ",[18,80250,24763],{}," better, see ",[364,80253,3569,80254,3502],{"href":64825},[18,80255,24763],{},[31,80257,1736,80259,80261],{"id":80258},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[18,80260,39698],{}," with your own function",[14,80263,15701,80264,80266],{},[18,80265,39698],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[36,80268,80270],{"className":38,"code":80269,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80271,80272,80285,80295,80299,80323,80342,80346],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80273,80274,80276,80279,80281,80283],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80275,34832],{"class":2059},[45,80277,80278],{"class":34835}," double",[45,80280,109],{"class":59},[45,80282,1123],{"class":37643},[45,80284,8327],{"class":59},[45,80286,80287,80289,80291,80293],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,80288,34843],{"class":969},[45,80290,1129],{"class":51},[45,80292,39854],{"class":55},[45,80294,45571],{"class":202},[45,80296,80297],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,80298,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,80300,80301,80303,80305,80307,80309,80311,80313,80315,80317,80319,80321],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,80302,195],{"class":51},[45,80304,56],{"class":55},[45,80306,60],{"class":59},[45,80308,203],{"class":202},[45,80310,73],{"class":59},[45,80312,208],{"class":202},[45,80314,73],{"class":59},[45,80316,213],{"class":202},[45,80318,73],{"class":59},[45,80320,2450],{"class":202},[45,80322,93],{"class":59},[45,80324,80325,80327,80329,80331,80333,80336,80338,80340],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,80326,220],{"class":51},[45,80328,56],{"class":55},[45,80330,79860],{"class":124},[45,80332,109],{"class":59},[45,80334,80335],{"class":105},"double",[45,80337,73],{"class":59},[45,80339,225],{"class":105},[45,80341,118],{"class":59},[45,80343,80344],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,80345,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,80347,80348,80350,80352,80354,80356,80358],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,80349,125],{"class":124},[45,80351,109],{"class":59},[45,80353,316],{"class":315},[45,80355,109],{"class":59},[45,80357,263],{"class":105},[45,80359,1802],{"class":59},[14,80361,268],{},[36,80363,80364],{"className":38,"code":39867,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,80365,80366],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80367,80368,80370,80372,80374,80376,80378,80380,80382,80384],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80369,278],{"class":59},[45,80371,234],{"class":202},[45,80373,73],{"class":59},[45,80375,2450],{"class":202},[45,80377,73],{"class":59},[45,80379,37624],{"class":202},[45,80381,73],{"class":59},[45,80383,6347],{"class":202},[45,80385,93],{"class":59},[14,80387,65559],{},[157,80389,80390,80397,80403],{},[160,80391,80392,80394,80395],{},[18,80393,39698],{}," takes the function ",[18,80396,80335],{},[160,80398,80399,80400,80402],{},"it sends each item from ",[18,80401,251],{}," into that function",[160,80404,80405],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80407,80408],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[157,80410,80411,80418,80425,80433],{},[160,80412,80413,6059,80416],{},[18,80414,80415],{},"double(1)",[18,80417,234],{},[160,80419,80420,6059,80423],{},[18,80421,80422],{},"double(2)",[18,80424,2498],{},[160,80426,80427,6059,80430],{},[18,80428,80429],{},"double(3)",[18,80431,80432],{},"6",[160,80434,80435,6059,80438],{},[18,80436,80437],{},"double(4)",[18,80439,2340],{},[31,80441,1736,80443,80445],{"id":80442},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[18,80444,39698],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80447,80448,80450],{},[18,80449,39698],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80452,80453],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80455,345],{},[36,80457,80459],{"className":38,"code":80458,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80460,80461,80478,80488,80492,80513,80534,80538,80563,80567],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80462,80463,80465,80468,80470,80472,80474,80476],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80464,34832],{"class":2059},[45,80466,80467],{"class":34835}," add_numbers",[45,80469,109],{"class":59},[45,80471,364],{"class":37643},[45,80473,73],{"class":59},[45,80475,2553],{"class":37643},[45,80477,8327],{"class":59},[45,80479,80480,80482,80484,80486],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,80481,34843],{"class":969},[45,80483,44527],{"class":51},[45,80485,2053],{"class":55},[45,80487,36162],{"class":51},[45,80489,80490],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,80491,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,80493,80494,80497,80499,80501,80503,80505,80507,80509,80511],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,80495,80496],{"class":51},"list1 ",[45,80498,56],{"class":55},[45,80500,60],{"class":59},[45,80502,203],{"class":202},[45,80504,73],{"class":59},[45,80506,208],{"class":202},[45,80508,73],{"class":59},[45,80510,213],{"class":202},[45,80512,93],{"class":59},[45,80514,80515,80518,80520,80522,80524,80526,80528,80530,80532],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,80516,80517],{"class":51},"list2 ",[45,80519,56],{"class":55},[45,80521,60],{"class":59},[45,80523,585],{"class":202},[45,80525,73],{"class":59},[45,80527,590],{"class":202},[45,80529,73],{"class":59},[45,80531,595],{"class":202},[45,80533,93],{"class":59},[45,80535,80536],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,80537,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,80539,80540,80542,80544,80546,80548,80551,80553,80556,80558,80561],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,80541,220],{"class":51},[45,80543,56],{"class":55},[45,80545,79860],{"class":124},[45,80547,109],{"class":59},[45,80549,80550],{"class":105},"add_numbers",[45,80552,73],{"class":59},[45,80554,80555],{"class":105}," list1",[45,80557,73],{"class":59},[45,80559,80560],{"class":105}," list2",[45,80562,118],{"class":59},[45,80564,80565],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,80566,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,80568,80569,80571,80573,80575,80577,80579],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,80570,125],{"class":124},[45,80572,109],{"class":59},[45,80574,316],{"class":315},[45,80576,109],{"class":59},[45,80578,263],{"class":105},[45,80580,1802],{"class":59},[14,80582,268],{},[36,80584,80586],{"className":38,"code":80585,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[18,80587,80588],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80589,80590,80592,80595,80597,80600,80602,80605],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80591,278],{"class":59},[45,80593,80594],{"class":202},"11",[45,80596,73],{"class":59},[45,80598,80599],{"class":202}," 22",[45,80601,73],{"class":59},[45,80603,80604],{"class":202}," 33",[45,80606,93],{"class":59},[14,80608,2174],{},[157,80610,80611,80617,80623],{},[160,80612,80613,80614],{},"the first values are used together: ",[18,80615,80616],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[160,80618,80619,80620],{},"then ",[18,80621,80622],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[160,80624,80619,80625],{},[18,80626,80627],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1864,80629,80631,80633],{"id":80630},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[18,80632,39698],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80635,80636,80637,80639],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[18,80638,39698],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[36,80641,80643],{"className":38,"code":80642,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80644,80645,80661,80671,80675,80699,80715,80719,80741,80745],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80646,80647,80649,80651,80653,80655,80657,80659],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80648,34832],{"class":2059},[45,80650,80467],{"class":34835},[45,80652,109],{"class":59},[45,80654,364],{"class":37643},[45,80656,73],{"class":59},[45,80658,2553],{"class":37643},[45,80660,8327],{"class":59},[45,80662,80663,80665,80667,80669],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,80664,34843],{"class":969},[45,80666,44527],{"class":51},[45,80668,2053],{"class":55},[45,80670,36162],{"class":51},[45,80672,80673],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,80674,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,80676,80677,80679,80681,80683,80685,80687,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,80678,80496],{"class":51},[45,80680,56],{"class":55},[45,80682,60],{"class":59},[45,80684,203],{"class":202},[45,80686,73],{"class":59},[45,80688,208],{"class":202},[45,80690,73],{"class":59},[45,80692,213],{"class":202},[45,80694,73],{"class":59},[45,80696,2450],{"class":202},[45,80698,93],{"class":59},[45,80700,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711,80713],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,80702,80517],{"class":51},[45,80704,56],{"class":55},[45,80706,60],{"class":59},[45,80708,585],{"class":202},[45,80710,73],{"class":59},[45,80712,590],{"class":202},[45,80714,93],{"class":59},[45,80716,80717],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,80718,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,80720,80721,80723,80725,80727,80729,80731,80733,80735,80737,80739],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,80722,220],{"class":51},[45,80724,56],{"class":55},[45,80726,79860],{"class":124},[45,80728,109],{"class":59},[45,80730,80550],{"class":105},[45,80732,73],{"class":59},[45,80734,80555],{"class":105},[45,80736,73],{"class":59},[45,80738,80560],{"class":105},[45,80740,118],{"class":59},[45,80742,80743],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,80744,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,80746,80747,80749,80751,80753,80755,80757],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,80748,125],{"class":124},[45,80750,109],{"class":59},[45,80752,316],{"class":315},[45,80754,109],{"class":59},[45,80756,263],{"class":105},[45,80758,1802],{"class":59},[14,80760,268],{},[36,80762,80764],{"className":38,"code":80763,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[11, 22]\n",[18,80765,80766],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80767,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80769,278],{"class":59},[45,80771,80594],{"class":202},[45,80773,73],{"class":59},[45,80775,80599],{"class":202},[45,80777,93],{"class":59},[14,80779,80780,80781,80784],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[18,80782,80783],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[31,80786,80788,80790],{"id":80787},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[18,80789,39698],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,80792,38004,80793,80795],{},[18,80794,39698],{}," returns a map object.",[14,80797,80798,80799,80802],{},"This object is ",[26,80800,80801],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1864,80804,2481,80806,80808],{"id":80805},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[18,80807,33008],{}," looks strange",[14,80810,33623],{},[36,80812,80814],{"className":38,"code":80813,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,80815,80816,80836,80854,80858],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80817,80818,80820,80822,80824,80826,80828,80830,80832,80834],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80819,195],{"class":51},[45,80821,56],{"class":55},[45,80823,60],{"class":59},[45,80825,203],{"class":202},[45,80827,73],{"class":59},[45,80829,208],{"class":202},[45,80831,73],{"class":59},[45,80833,213],{"class":202},[45,80835,93],{"class":59},[45,80837,80838,80840,80842,80844,80846,80848,80850,80852],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,80839,220],{"class":51},[45,80841,56],{"class":55},[45,80843,79860],{"class":124},[45,80845,109],{"class":59},[45,80847,3436],{"class":315},[45,80849,73],{"class":59},[45,80851,225],{"class":105},[45,80853,118],{"class":59},[45,80855,80856],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,80857,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,80859,80860,80862,80864,80866],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,80861,125],{"class":124},[45,80863,109],{"class":59},[45,80865,263],{"class":105},[45,80867,118],{"class":59},[14,80869,80870],{},"Output will look something like this:",[36,80872,80874],{"className":38,"code":80873,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[18,80875,80876],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80877,80878,80880,80882,80884,80886,80888,80890],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80879,3284],{"class":55},[45,80881,39841],{"class":124},[45,80883,24600],{"class":315},[45,80885,37344],{"class":51},[45,80887,37348],{"class":37347},[45,80889,37351],{"class":34434},[45,80891,3296],{"class":55},[14,80893,80894],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,80896,80897],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[36,80899,80901],{"className":38,"code":80900,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80902,80903,80923,80941,80945],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80904,80905,80907,80909,80911,80913,80915,80917,80919,80921],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80906,195],{"class":51},[45,80908,56],{"class":55},[45,80910,60],{"class":59},[45,80912,203],{"class":202},[45,80914,73],{"class":59},[45,80916,208],{"class":202},[45,80918,73],{"class":59},[45,80920,213],{"class":202},[45,80922,93],{"class":59},[45,80924,80925,80927,80929,80931,80933,80935,80937,80939],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,80926,220],{"class":51},[45,80928,56],{"class":55},[45,80930,79860],{"class":124},[45,80932,109],{"class":59},[45,80934,3436],{"class":315},[45,80936,73],{"class":59},[45,80938,225],{"class":105},[45,80940,118],{"class":59},[45,80942,80943],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,80944,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,80946,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,80948,125],{"class":124},[45,80950,109],{"class":59},[45,80952,316],{"class":315},[45,80954,109],{"class":59},[45,80956,263],{"class":105},[45,80958,1802],{"class":59},[14,80960,268],{},[36,80962,80964],{"className":38,"code":80963,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,80965,80966],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80967,80968,80970,80972,80974,80976,80978,80980,80982,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80969,278],{"class":59},[45,80971,429],{"class":63},[45,80973,203],{"class":67},[45,80975,429],{"class":63},[45,80977,73],{"class":59},[45,80979,438],{"class":63},[45,80981,234],{"class":67},[45,80983,429],{"class":63},[45,80985,73],{"class":59},[45,80987,438],{"class":63},[45,80989,2056],{"class":67},[45,80991,429],{"class":63},[45,80993,93],{"class":59},[1864,80995,80997],{"id":80996},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[36,80999,81001],{"className":38,"code":81000,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,81002,81003,81023,81041,81045,81058],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81004,81005,81007,81009,81011,81013,81015,81017,81019,81021],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81006,195],{"class":51},[45,81008,56],{"class":55},[45,81010,60],{"class":59},[45,81012,203],{"class":202},[45,81014,73],{"class":59},[45,81016,208],{"class":202},[45,81018,73],{"class":59},[45,81020,213],{"class":202},[45,81022,93],{"class":59},[45,81024,81025,81027,81029,81031,81033,81035,81037,81039],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,81026,220],{"class":51},[45,81028,56],{"class":55},[45,81030,79860],{"class":124},[45,81032,109],{"class":59},[45,81034,3436],{"class":315},[45,81036,73],{"class":59},[45,81038,225],{"class":105},[45,81040,118],{"class":59},[45,81042,81043],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81044,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,81046,81047,81049,81051,81053,81056],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,81048,970],{"class":969},[45,81050,973],{"class":51},[45,81052,976],{"class":969},[45,81054,81055],{"class":51}," result",[45,81057,1213],{"class":59},[45,81059,81060,81062,81064,81066],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,81061,8055],{"class":124},[45,81063,109],{"class":59},[45,81065,23293],{"class":105},[45,81067,118],{"class":59},[14,81069,268],{},[36,81071,81073],{"className":38,"code":81072,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1\n2\n3\n",[18,81074,81075,81079,81083],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81076,81077],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81078,46898],{"class":202},[45,81080,81081],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,81082,17042],{"class":202},[45,81084,81085],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81086,46598],{"class":202},[1864,81088,81090],{"id":81089},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81092,81093],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[36,81095,81097],{"className":38,"code":81096,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81098,81099,81119,81137,81141,81155],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81100,81101,81103,81105,81107,81109,81111,81113,81115,81117],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81102,195],{"class":51},[45,81104,56],{"class":55},[45,81106,60],{"class":59},[45,81108,203],{"class":202},[45,81110,73],{"class":59},[45,81112,208],{"class":202},[45,81114,73],{"class":59},[45,81116,213],{"class":202},[45,81118,93],{"class":59},[45,81120,81121,81123,81125,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,81122,220],{"class":51},[45,81124,56],{"class":55},[45,81126,79860],{"class":124},[45,81128,109],{"class":59},[45,81130,3436],{"class":315},[45,81132,73],{"class":59},[45,81134,225],{"class":105},[45,81136,118],{"class":59},[45,81138,81139],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81140,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,81142,81143,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,81144,125],{"class":124},[45,81146,109],{"class":59},[45,81148,316],{"class":315},[45,81150,109],{"class":59},[45,81152,263],{"class":105},[45,81154,1802],{"class":59},[45,81156,81157,81159,81161,81163,81165,81167],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,81158,125],{"class":124},[45,81160,109],{"class":59},[45,81162,316],{"class":315},[45,81164,109],{"class":59},[45,81166,263],{"class":105},[45,81168,1802],{"class":59},[14,81170,268],{},[36,81172,81174],{"className":38,"code":81173,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[18,81175,81176,81204],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81177,81178,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190,81192,81194,81196,81198,81200,81202],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81179,278],{"class":59},[45,81181,429],{"class":63},[45,81183,203],{"class":67},[45,81185,429],{"class":63},[45,81187,73],{"class":59},[45,81189,438],{"class":63},[45,81191,234],{"class":67},[45,81193,429],{"class":63},[45,81195,73],{"class":59},[45,81197,438],{"class":63},[45,81199,2056],{"class":67},[45,81201,429],{"class":63},[45,81203,93],{"class":59},[45,81205,81206],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,81207,38278],{"class":59},[14,81209,81210],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81212,81213],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[36,81215,81217],{"className":38,"code":81216,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,81218,81219,81239,81261,81265,81275],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81220,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229,81231,81233,81235,81237],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81222,195],{"class":51},[45,81224,56],{"class":55},[45,81226,60],{"class":59},[45,81228,203],{"class":202},[45,81230,73],{"class":59},[45,81232,208],{"class":202},[45,81234,73],{"class":59},[45,81236,213],{"class":202},[45,81238,93],{"class":59},[45,81240,81241,81243,81245,81247,81249,81251,81253,81255,81257,81259],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,81242,220],{"class":51},[45,81244,56],{"class":55},[45,81246,1114],{"class":315},[45,81248,109],{"class":59},[45,81250,39841],{"class":124},[45,81252,109],{"class":59},[45,81254,3436],{"class":315},[45,81256,73],{"class":59},[45,81258,225],{"class":105},[45,81260,1802],{"class":59},[45,81262,81263],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81264,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,81266,81267,81269,81271,81273],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,81268,125],{"class":124},[45,81270,109],{"class":59},[45,81272,263],{"class":105},[45,81274,118],{"class":59},[45,81276,81277,81279,81281,81283],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,81278,125],{"class":124},[45,81280,109],{"class":59},[45,81282,263],{"class":105},[45,81284,118],{"class":59},[14,81286,268],{},[36,81288,81290],{"className":38,"code":81289,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,81291,81292,81320],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81293,81294,81296,81298,81300,81302,81304,81306,81308,81310,81312,81314,81316,81318],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81295,278],{"class":59},[45,81297,429],{"class":63},[45,81299,203],{"class":67},[45,81301,429],{"class":63},[45,81303,73],{"class":59},[45,81305,438],{"class":63},[45,81307,234],{"class":67},[45,81309,429],{"class":63},[45,81311,73],{"class":59},[45,81313,438],{"class":63},[45,81315,2056],{"class":67},[45,81317,429],{"class":63},[45,81319,93],{"class":59},[45,81321,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,81323,278],{"class":59},[45,81325,429],{"class":63},[45,81327,203],{"class":67},[45,81329,429],{"class":63},[45,81331,73],{"class":59},[45,81333,438],{"class":63},[45,81335,234],{"class":67},[45,81337,429],{"class":63},[45,81339,73],{"class":59},[45,81341,438],{"class":63},[45,81343,2056],{"class":67},[45,81345,429],{"class":63},[45,81347,93],{"class":59},[31,81349,4952,81351],{"id":81350},"when-to-use-map",[18,81352,39698],{},[14,81354,81355,81357],{},[18,81356,39698],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81359,81360],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[157,81362,81363,81367,81371],{},[160,81364,81365],{},[18,81366,3436],{},[160,81368,81369],{},[18,81370,2184],{},[160,81372,81373],{},[18,81374,2011],{},[14,81376,345],{},[36,81378,81380],{"className":38,"code":81379,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,81381,81382,81414,81436,81440],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81383,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402,81404,81406,81408,81410,81412],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81385,3816],{"class":51},[45,81387,56],{"class":55},[45,81389,60],{"class":59},[45,81391,429],{"class":63},[45,81393,203],{"class":67},[45,81395,429],{"class":63},[45,81397,73],{"class":59},[45,81399,438],{"class":63},[45,81401,234],{"class":67},[45,81403,429],{"class":63},[45,81405,73],{"class":59},[45,81407,438],{"class":63},[45,81409,2056],{"class":67},[45,81411,429],{"class":63},[45,81413,93],{"class":59},[45,81415,81416,81418,81420,81422,81424,81426,81428,81430,81432,81434],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,81417,195],{"class":51},[45,81419,56],{"class":55},[45,81421,1114],{"class":315},[45,81423,109],{"class":59},[45,81425,39841],{"class":124},[45,81427,109],{"class":59},[45,81429,2184],{"class":315},[45,81431,73],{"class":59},[45,81433,3877],{"class":105},[45,81435,1802],{"class":59},[45,81437,81438],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81439,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,81441,81442,81444,81446,81448],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,81443,125],{"class":124},[45,81445,109],{"class":59},[45,81447,251],{"class":105},[45,81449,118],{"class":59},[14,81451,268],{},[36,81453,81454],{"className":38,"code":55129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,81455,81456],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81457,81458,81460,81462,81464,81466,81468,81470],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81459,278],{"class":59},[45,81461,203],{"class":202},[45,81463,73],{"class":59},[45,81465,208],{"class":202},[45,81467,73],{"class":59},[45,81469,213],{"class":202},[45,81471,93],{"class":59},[14,81473,81474],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81476,81477],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[36,81479,81481],{"className":38,"code":81480,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,81482,81483,81503,81525],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81484,81485,81487,81489,81491,81493,81495,81497,81499,81501],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81486,195],{"class":51},[45,81488,56],{"class":55},[45,81490,60],{"class":59},[45,81492,203],{"class":202},[45,81494,73],{"class":59},[45,81496,208],{"class":202},[45,81498,73],{"class":59},[45,81500,213],{"class":202},[45,81502,93],{"class":59},[45,81504,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521,81523],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,81506,220],{"class":51},[45,81508,56],{"class":55},[45,81510,1114],{"class":315},[45,81512,109],{"class":59},[45,81514,39841],{"class":124},[45,81516,109],{"class":59},[45,81518,3436],{"class":315},[45,81520,73],{"class":59},[45,81522,225],{"class":105},[45,81524,1802],{"class":59},[45,81526,81527,81529,81531,81533],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81528,125],{"class":124},[45,81530,109],{"class":59},[45,81532,263],{"class":105},[45,81534,118],{"class":59},[36,81536,81538],{"className":38,"code":81537,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[18,81539,81540,81560,81587],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81541,81542,81544,81546,81548,81550,81552,81554,81556,81558],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81543,195],{"class":51},[45,81545,56],{"class":55},[45,81547,60],{"class":59},[45,81549,203],{"class":202},[45,81551,73],{"class":59},[45,81553,208],{"class":202},[45,81555,73],{"class":59},[45,81557,213],{"class":202},[45,81559,93],{"class":59},[45,81561,81562,81564,81566,81568,81570,81572,81574,81576,81578,81581,81583,81585],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,81563,220],{"class":51},[45,81565,56],{"class":55},[45,81567,60],{"class":59},[45,81569,3436],{"class":315},[45,81571,109],{"class":59},[45,81573,75868],{"class":105},[45,81575,3654],{"class":59},[45,81577,3870],{"class":969},[45,81579,81580],{"class":51}," n ",[45,81582,976],{"class":969},[45,81584,225],{"class":51},[45,81586,93],{"class":59},[45,81588,81589,81591,81593,81595],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81590,125],{"class":124},[45,81592,109],{"class":59},[45,81594,263],{"class":105},[45,81596,118],{"class":59},[14,81598,81599],{},"Both produce:",[36,81601,81602],{"className":38,"code":80963,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,81603,81604],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81605,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628,81630],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81607,278],{"class":59},[45,81609,429],{"class":63},[45,81611,203],{"class":67},[45,81613,429],{"class":63},[45,81615,73],{"class":59},[45,81617,438],{"class":63},[45,81619,234],{"class":67},[45,81621,429],{"class":63},[45,81623,73],{"class":59},[45,81625,438],{"class":63},[45,81627,2056],{"class":67},[45,81629,429],{"class":63},[45,81631,93],{"class":59},[14,81633,81634],{},"A simple rule:",[157,81636,81637,81642,81647],{},[160,81638,39972,81639,81641],{},[18,81640,39698],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[160,81643,39978,81644,81646],{},[18,81645,970],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[160,81648,81649],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81651,81652,81653,102],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[364,81654,4383],{"href":4382},[31,81656,4509],{"id":4508},[1864,81658,81660,81661],{"id":81659},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[18,81662,24763],{},[14,81664,81665],{},"This is very common:",[36,81667,81668],{"className":38,"code":80813,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,81669,81670,81690,81708,81712],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81671,81672,81674,81676,81678,81680,81682,81684,81686,81688],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81673,195],{"class":51},[45,81675,56],{"class":55},[45,81677,60],{"class":59},[45,81679,203],{"class":202},[45,81681,73],{"class":59},[45,81683,208],{"class":202},[45,81685,73],{"class":59},[45,81687,213],{"class":202},[45,81689,93],{"class":59},[45,81691,81692,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,81693,220],{"class":51},[45,81695,56],{"class":55},[45,81697,79860],{"class":124},[45,81699,109],{"class":59},[45,81701,3436],{"class":315},[45,81703,73],{"class":59},[45,81705,225],{"class":105},[45,81707,118],{"class":59},[45,81709,81710],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81711,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,81713,81714,81716,81718,81720],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,81715,125],{"class":124},[45,81717,109],{"class":59},[45,81719,263],{"class":105},[45,81721,118],{"class":59},[14,81723,81724],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81726,39243],{},[36,81728,81730],{"className":38,"code":81729,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(result))\n",[18,81731,81732],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81733,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742,81744],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81735,125],{"class":124},[45,81737,109],{"class":59},[45,81739,316],{"class":315},[45,81741,109],{"class":59},[45,81743,263],{"class":105},[45,81745,1802],{"class":59},[1864,81747,81749],{"id":81748},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81751,16629],{},[36,81753,81755],{"className":38,"code":81754,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[18,81756,81757,81777],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81758,81759,81761,81763,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773,81775],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81760,195],{"class":51},[45,81762,56],{"class":55},[45,81764,60],{"class":59},[45,81766,203],{"class":202},[45,81768,73],{"class":59},[45,81770,208],{"class":202},[45,81772,73],{"class":59},[45,81774,213],{"class":202},[45,81776,93],{"class":59},[45,81778,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787,81789,81792,81794],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,81780,220],{"class":51},[45,81782,56],{"class":55},[45,81784,79860],{"class":124},[45,81786,109],{"class":59},[45,81788,3436],{"class":315},[45,81790,81791],{"class":59},"(),",[45,81793,225],{"class":105},[45,81795,118],{"class":59},[14,81797,81798,81799,81801,81802,81804],{},"This is wrong because ",[18,81800,47665],{}," is being called immediately. ",[18,81803,39698],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,81806,16641],{},[36,81808,81809],{"className":38,"code":80900,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,81810,81811,81831,81849,81853],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81812,81813,81815,81817,81819,81821,81823,81825,81827,81829],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81814,195],{"class":51},[45,81816,56],{"class":55},[45,81818,60],{"class":59},[45,81820,203],{"class":202},[45,81822,73],{"class":59},[45,81824,208],{"class":202},[45,81826,73],{"class":59},[45,81828,213],{"class":202},[45,81830,93],{"class":59},[45,81832,81833,81835,81837,81839,81841,81843,81845,81847],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,81834,220],{"class":51},[45,81836,56],{"class":55},[45,81838,79860],{"class":124},[45,81840,109],{"class":59},[45,81842,3436],{"class":315},[45,81844,73],{"class":59},[45,81846,225],{"class":105},[45,81848,118],{"class":59},[45,81850,81851],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81852,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,81854,81855,81857,81859,81861,81863,81865],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,81856,125],{"class":124},[45,81858,109],{"class":59},[45,81860,316],{"class":315},[45,81862,109],{"class":59},[45,81864,263],{"class":105},[45,81866,1802],{"class":59},[1864,81868,81870],{"id":81869},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,81872,81873],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,81875,16629],{},[36,81877,81879],{"className":38,"code":81878,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81880,81881,81898,81908,81912,81932,81951,81955],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81882,81883,81885,81888,81890,81892,81894,81896],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81884,34832],{"class":2059},[45,81886,81887],{"class":34835}," add",[45,81889,109],{"class":59},[45,81891,364],{"class":37643},[45,81893,73],{"class":59},[45,81895,2553],{"class":37643},[45,81897,8327],{"class":59},[45,81899,81900,81902,81904,81906],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,81901,34843],{"class":969},[45,81903,44527],{"class":51},[45,81905,2053],{"class":55},[45,81907,36162],{"class":51},[45,81909,81910],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81911,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,81913,81914,81916,81918,81920,81922,81924,81926,81928,81930],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,81915,195],{"class":51},[45,81917,56],{"class":55},[45,81919,60],{"class":59},[45,81921,203],{"class":202},[45,81923,73],{"class":59},[45,81925,208],{"class":202},[45,81927,73],{"class":59},[45,81929,213],{"class":202},[45,81931,93],{"class":59},[45,81933,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942,81945,81947,81949],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,81935,220],{"class":51},[45,81937,56],{"class":55},[45,81939,79860],{"class":124},[45,81941,109],{"class":59},[45,81943,81944],{"class":105},"add",[45,81946,73],{"class":59},[45,81948,225],{"class":105},[45,81950,118],{"class":59},[45,81952,81953],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,81954,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,81956,81957,81959,81961,81963,81965,81967],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,81958,125],{"class":124},[45,81960,109],{"class":59},[45,81962,316],{"class":315},[45,81964,109],{"class":59},[45,81966,263],{"class":105},[45,81968,1802],{"class":59},[14,81970,16641],{},[36,81972,81974],{"className":38,"code":81973,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81975,81976,81992,82002,82006,82026,82046,82068,82072],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81977,81978,81980,81982,81984,81986,81988,81990],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81979,34832],{"class":2059},[45,81981,81887],{"class":34835},[45,81983,109],{"class":59},[45,81985,364],{"class":37643},[45,81987,73],{"class":59},[45,81989,2553],{"class":37643},[45,81991,8327],{"class":59},[45,81993,81994,81996,81998,82000],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,81995,34843],{"class":969},[45,81997,44527],{"class":51},[45,81999,2053],{"class":55},[45,82001,36162],{"class":51},[45,82003,82004],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82005,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,82007,82008,82010,82012,82014,82016,82018,82020,82022,82024],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,82009,80496],{"class":51},[45,82011,56],{"class":55},[45,82013,60],{"class":59},[45,82015,203],{"class":202},[45,82017,73],{"class":59},[45,82019,208],{"class":202},[45,82021,73],{"class":59},[45,82023,213],{"class":202},[45,82025,93],{"class":59},[45,82027,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036,82038,82040,82042,82044],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,82029,80517],{"class":51},[45,82031,56],{"class":55},[45,82033,60],{"class":59},[45,82035,585],{"class":202},[45,82037,73],{"class":59},[45,82039,590],{"class":202},[45,82041,73],{"class":59},[45,82043,595],{"class":202},[45,82045,93],{"class":59},[45,82047,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,82049,220],{"class":51},[45,82051,56],{"class":55},[45,82053,79860],{"class":124},[45,82055,109],{"class":59},[45,82057,81944],{"class":105},[45,82059,73],{"class":59},[45,82061,80555],{"class":105},[45,82063,73],{"class":59},[45,82065,80560],{"class":105},[45,82067,118],{"class":59},[45,82069,82070],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,82071,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,82073,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,82075,125],{"class":124},[45,82077,109],{"class":59},[45,82079,316],{"class":315},[45,82081,109],{"class":59},[45,82083,263],{"class":105},[45,82085,1802],{"class":59},[1864,82087,82089],{"id":82088},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82091,16629],{},[36,82093,82094],{"className":38,"code":81096,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,82095,82096,82116,82134,82138,82152],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82097,82098,82100,82102,82104,82106,82108,82110,82112,82114],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82099,195],{"class":51},[45,82101,56],{"class":55},[45,82103,60],{"class":59},[45,82105,203],{"class":202},[45,82107,73],{"class":59},[45,82109,208],{"class":202},[45,82111,73],{"class":59},[45,82113,213],{"class":202},[45,82115,93],{"class":59},[45,82117,82118,82120,82122,82124,82126,82128,82130,82132],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,82119,220],{"class":51},[45,82121,56],{"class":55},[45,82123,79860],{"class":124},[45,82125,109],{"class":59},[45,82127,3436],{"class":315},[45,82129,73],{"class":59},[45,82131,225],{"class":105},[45,82133,118],{"class":59},[45,82135,82136],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82137,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,82139,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148,82150],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,82141,125],{"class":124},[45,82143,109],{"class":59},[45,82145,316],{"class":315},[45,82147,109],{"class":59},[45,82149,263],{"class":105},[45,82151,1802],{"class":59},[45,82153,82154,82156,82158,82160,82162,82164],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,82155,125],{"class":124},[45,82157,109],{"class":59},[45,82159,316],{"class":315},[45,82161,109],{"class":59},[45,82163,263],{"class":105},[45,82165,1802],{"class":59},[14,82167,82168],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82170,82171],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[31,82173,67866],{"id":67865},[14,82175,8860,82176,82178],{},[18,82177,39698],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[36,82180,82182],{"className":38,"code":82181,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,82183,82184,82194,82208,82222,82234],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82185,82186,82188,82190,82192],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82187,125],{"class":124},[45,82189,109],{"class":59},[45,82191,263],{"class":105},[45,82193,118],{"class":59},[45,82195,82196,82198,82200,82202,82204,82206],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,82197,125],{"class":124},[45,82199,109],{"class":59},[45,82201,316],{"class":315},[45,82203,109],{"class":59},[45,82205,263],{"class":105},[45,82207,1802],{"class":59},[45,82209,82210,82212,82214,82216,82218,82220],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82211,125],{"class":124},[45,82213,109],{"class":59},[45,82215,1811],{"class":315},[45,82217,109],{"class":59},[45,82219,263],{"class":105},[45,82221,1802],{"class":59},[45,82223,82224,82226,82228,82230,82232],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,82225,970],{"class":969},[45,82227,973],{"class":51},[45,82229,976],{"class":969},[45,82231,81055],{"class":51},[45,82233,1213],{"class":59},[45,82235,82236,82238,82240,82242],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,82237,8055],{"class":124},[45,82239,109],{"class":59},[45,82241,23293],{"class":105},[45,82243,118],{"class":59},[14,82245,12660],{},[157,82247,82248,82253,82258,82264],{},[160,82249,82250,82252],{},[18,82251,33008],{}," shows that you have a map object",[160,82254,82255,82257],{},[18,82256,33016],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[160,82259,82260,82263],{},[18,82261,82262],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[160,82265,82266,82267,82269],{},"looping over ",[18,82268,263],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82271,82272,82273,82276,82277,82279],{},"Be careful: ",[18,82274,82275],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[18,82278,970],{}," loop consume the map object.",[31,82281,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,82283,175,82285,82287],{"id":82284},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[18,82286,39698],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82289,82290,82291,82293,82294,23921],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[18,82292,39698],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[18,82295,82296],{},"list(map(...))",[1864,82298,14889,82300,82302,82303,82305],{"id":82299},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[18,82301,39698],{}," better than a ",[18,82304,970],{}," loop?",[14,82307,82308,82309,82311,82312,82314],{},"Not always. ",[18,82310,39698],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[18,82313,970],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1864,82316,5160,82318,82320],{"id":82317},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[18,82319,39698],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82322,82323],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1864,82325,82327],{"id":82326},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82329,82330],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[31,82332,1909],{"id":1908},[157,82334,82335,82341,82347,82351,82355],{},[160,82336,82337],{},[364,82338,3569,82339,3502],{"href":40067},[18,82340,37556],{},[160,82342,82343],{},[364,82344,3569,82345,3502],{"href":64825},[18,82346,24763],{},[160,82348,82349],{},[364,82350,5212],{"href":5122},[160,82352,82353],{},[364,82354,5217],{"href":4382},[160,82356,82357],{},[364,82358,5207],{"href":5126},[1936,82360,82361],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":82363},[82364,82365,82367,82368,82369,82371,82376,82383,82385,82392,82393,82402],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":79939,"depth":96,"text":82366},"What map() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":80258,"depth":96,"text":82370},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80442,"depth":96,"text":82372,"children":82373},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82374],{"id":80630,"depth":121,"text":82375},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80787,"depth":96,"text":82377,"children":82378},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82379,82381,82382],{"id":80805,"depth":121,"text":82380},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80996,"depth":121,"text":80997},{"id":81089,"depth":121,"text":81090},{"id":81350,"depth":96,"text":82384},"When to use map()",{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":82386},[82387,82389,82390,82391],{"id":81659,"depth":121,"text":82388},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81748,"depth":121,"text":81749},{"id":81869,"depth":121,"text":81870},{"id":82088,"depth":121,"text":82089},{"id":67865,"depth":96,"text":67866},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":82394},[82395,82397,82399,82401],{"id":82284,"depth":121,"text":82396},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82299,"depth":121,"text":82398},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82317,"depth":121,"text":82400},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82326,"depth":121,"text":82327},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79771,"description":82403},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82410,"title":82411,"body":82412,"description":84432,"extension":1958,"meta":84433,"navigation":241,"path":84434,"seo":84435,"stem":84436,"__hash__":84437},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82413,"toc":84390},[82414,82420,82425,82428,82436,82439,82441,82565,82567,82585,82587,82607,82612,82616,82630,82633,82636,82638,82643,82755,82758,82776,82782,82785,82847,82849,82858,82861,82875,82877,82925,82927,82936,82946,82952,82955,82982,82984,82992,82995,82998,83068,83070,83078,83081,83086,83091,83142,83144,83152,83155,83157,83174,83176,83228,83231,83237,83241,83246,83249,83253,83312,83314,83323,83329,83338,83342,83405,83407,83415,83420,83424,83429,83509,83511,83520,83527,83532,83537,83540,83575,83577,83585,83588,83594,83596,83646,83648,83657,83660,83678,83680,83685,83691,83698,83725,83727,83750,83755,83790,83795,83801,83806,83849,83852,83855,83894,83901,83907,83912,83927,83931,83938,83941,83945,83950,83954,83959,83961,84022,84024,84053,84058,84065,84074,84076,84079,84104,84106,84209,84212,84230,84239,84241,84246,84249,84255,84258,84260,84270,84276,84280,84338,84345,84353,84355,84387],[10,82415,3569,82417,3573],{"id":82416},"python-max-function-explained",[18,82418,82419],{},"max()",[14,82421,9108,82422,82424],{},[18,82423,82419],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82426,82427],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[157,82429,82430,82433],{},[160,82431,82432],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[160,82434,82435],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82437,82438],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[31,82440,34],{"id":33},[36,82442,82444],{"className":38,"code":82443,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,82445,82446,82470,82485,82489,82515,82519,82551],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82447,82448,82450,82452,82454,82456,82458,82460,82462,82464,82466,82468],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82449,195],{"class":51},[45,82451,56],{"class":55},[45,82453,60],{"class":59},[45,82455,2056],{"class":202},[45,82457,73],{"class":59},[45,82459,6347],{"class":202},[45,82461,73],{"class":59},[45,82463,208],{"class":202},[45,82465,73],{"class":59},[45,82467,4596],{"class":202},[45,82469,93],{"class":59},[45,82471,82472,82474,82476,82479,82481,82483],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,82473,125],{"class":124},[45,82475,109],{"class":59},[45,82477,82478],{"class":124},"max",[45,82480,109],{"class":59},[45,82482,251],{"class":105},[45,82484,1802],{"class":59},[45,82486,82487],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82488,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,82490,82491,82493,82495,82497,82499,82501,82503,82505,82507,82509,82511,82513],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,82492,125],{"class":124},[45,82494,109],{"class":59},[45,82496,82478],{"class":124},[45,82498,109],{"class":59},[45,82500,2056],{"class":202},[45,82502,73],{"class":59},[45,82504,6347],{"class":202},[45,82506,73],{"class":59},[45,82508,208],{"class":202},[45,82510,73],{"class":59},[45,82512,4596],{"class":202},[45,82514,1802],{"class":59},[45,82516,82517],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,82518,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,82520,82521,82523,82525,82527,82529,82531,82533,82535,82537,82539,82541,82543,82545,82547,82549],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,82522,4062],{"class":51},[45,82524,56],{"class":55},[45,82526,60],{"class":59},[45,82528,64],{"class":63},[45,82530,68],{"class":67},[45,82532,64],{"class":63},[45,82534,73],{"class":59},[45,82536,76],{"class":63},[45,82538,79],{"class":67},[45,82540,64],{"class":63},[45,82542,73],{"class":59},[45,82544,76],{"class":63},[45,82546,78582],{"class":67},[45,82548,64],{"class":63},[45,82550,93],{"class":59},[45,82552,82553,82555,82557,82559,82561,82563],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,82554,125],{"class":124},[45,82556,109],{"class":59},[45,82558,82478],{"class":124},[45,82560,109],{"class":59},[45,82562,4104],{"class":105},[45,82564,1802],{"class":59},[14,82566,268],{},[36,82568,82570],{"className":38,"code":82569,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"8\n8\npear\n",[18,82571,82572,82576,82580],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82573,82574],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82575,2376],{"class":202},[45,82577,82578],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,82579,2376],{"class":202},[45,82581,82582],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82583,82584],{"class":51},"pear\n",[14,82586,19943],{},[157,82588,82589,82595,82601],{},[160,82590,82591,82594],{},[18,82592,82593],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[160,82596,82597,82600],{},[18,82598,82599],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[160,82602,82603,82606],{},[18,82604,82605],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[31,82608,3671,82610,3674],{"id":82609},"what-max-does",[18,82611,82419],{},[14,82613,82614,1111],{},[18,82615,82419],{},[157,82617,82618,82621,82624,82627],{},[160,82619,82620],{},"Returns the largest item",[160,82622,82623],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[160,82625,82626],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[160,82628,82629],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82631,82632],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82634,82635],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[31,82637,2153],{"id":2152},[14,82639,82640,82641,1111],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[18,82642,82419],{},[36,82644,82646],{"className":38,"code":82645,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[18,82647,82648,82658,82682,82704,82727],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82649,82650,82652,82654,82656],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82651,82478],{"class":124},[45,82653,109],{"class":59},[45,82655,3714],{"class":105},[45,82657,118],{"class":59},[45,82659,82660,82662,82664,82666,82668,82671,82673,82675,82677,82680],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,82661,82478],{"class":124},[45,82663,109],{"class":59},[45,82665,3714],{"class":105},[45,82667,73],{"class":59},[45,82669,82670],{"class":55}," *",[45,82672,73],{"class":59},[45,82674,21564],{"class":9161},[45,82676,56],{"class":55},[45,82678,82679],{"class":105},"func",[45,82681,118],{"class":59},[45,82683,82684,82686,82688,82690,82692,82694,82696,82698,82700,82702],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82685,82478],{"class":124},[45,82687,109],{"class":59},[45,82689,3714],{"class":105},[45,82691,73],{"class":59},[45,82693,82670],{"class":55},[45,82695,73],{"class":59},[45,82697,26505],{"class":9161},[45,82699,56],{"class":55},[45,82701,28],{"class":105},[45,82703,118],{"class":59},[45,82705,82706,82708,82710,82713,82715,82718,82720,82722,82725],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,82707,82478],{"class":124},[45,82709,109],{"class":59},[45,82711,82712],{"class":105},"arg1",[45,82714,73],{"class":59},[45,82716,82717],{"class":105}," arg2",[45,82719,73],{"class":59},[45,82721,82670],{"class":55},[45,82723,82724],{"class":105},"args",[45,82726,118],{"class":59},[45,82728,82729,82731,82733,82735,82737,82739,82741,82743,82745,82747,82749,82751,82753],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,82730,82478],{"class":124},[45,82732,109],{"class":59},[45,82734,82712],{"class":105},[45,82736,73],{"class":59},[45,82738,82717],{"class":105},[45,82740,73],{"class":59},[45,82742,82670],{"class":55},[45,82744,82724],{"class":105},[45,82746,73],{"class":59},[45,82748,21564],{"class":9161},[45,82750,56],{"class":55},[45,82752,82679],{"class":105},[45,82754,118],{"class":59},[14,82756,82757],{},"The most important parts are:",[157,82759,82760,82765,82770],{},[160,82761,82762,82764],{},[18,82763,3714],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[160,82766,82767,82769],{},[18,82768,14827],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[160,82771,82772,82775],{},[18,82773,82774],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[31,82777,1736,82779,82781],{"id":82778},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[18,82780,82419],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,82783,82784],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[36,82786,82788],{"className":38,"code":82787,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[18,82789,82790,82816,82832,82836],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82791,82792,82794,82796,82798,82801,82803,82805,82807,82809,82811,82814],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82793,578],{"class":51},[45,82795,56],{"class":55},[45,82797,60],{"class":59},[45,82799,82800],{"class":202},"72",[45,82802,73],{"class":59},[45,82804,51492],{"class":202},[45,82806,73],{"class":59},[45,82808,13492],{"class":202},[45,82810,73],{"class":59},[45,82812,82813],{"class":202}," 66",[45,82815,93],{"class":59},[45,82817,82818,82821,82823,82826,82828,82830],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,82819,82820],{"class":51},"highest_score ",[45,82822,56],{"class":55},[45,82824,82825],{"class":124}," max",[45,82827,109],{"class":59},[45,82829,607],{"class":105},[45,82831,118],{"class":59},[45,82833,82834],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82835,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,82837,82838,82840,82842,82845],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,82839,125],{"class":124},[45,82841,109],{"class":59},[45,82843,82844],{"class":105},"highest_score",[45,82846,118],{"class":59},[14,82848,268],{},[36,82850,82852],{"className":38,"code":82851,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"91\n",[18,82853,82854],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82855,82856],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82857,82851],{"class":202},[14,82859,82860],{},"This works well for:",[157,82862,82863,82866,82869,82872],{},[160,82864,82865],{},"Scores",[160,82867,82868],{},"Prices",[160,82870,82871],{},"Ages",[160,82873,82874],{},"Counts",[14,82876,52062],{},[36,82878,82880],{"className":38,"code":82879,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[18,82881,82882,82910],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82883,82884,82887,82889,82891,82893,82895,82898,82900,82903,82905,82908],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82885,82886],{"class":51},"prices ",[45,82888,56],{"class":55},[45,82890,60],{"class":59},[45,82892,40380],{"class":202},[45,82894,73],{"class":59},[45,82896,82897],{"class":202}," 5.50",[45,82899,73],{"class":59},[45,82901,82902],{"class":202}," 12.75",[45,82904,73],{"class":59},[45,82906,82907],{"class":202}," 29.00",[45,82909,93],{"class":59},[45,82911,82912,82914,82916,82918,82920,82923],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,82913,125],{"class":124},[45,82915,109],{"class":59},[45,82917,82478],{"class":124},[45,82919,109],{"class":59},[45,82921,82922],{"class":105},"prices",[45,82924,1802],{"class":59},[14,82926,268],{},[36,82928,82930],{"className":38,"code":82929,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"29.0\n",[18,82931,82932],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82933,82934],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82935,82929],{"class":202},[14,82937,82938,82939,82941,82942,102],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[18,82940,82419],{}," is simpler than ",[364,82943,82944],{"href":74359},[18,82945,74262],{},[31,82947,1736,82949,82951],{"id":82948},"using-max-with-separate-values",[18,82950,82419],{}," with separate values",[14,82953,82954],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[36,82956,82958],{"className":38,"code":82957,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[18,82959,82960],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82961,82962,82964,82966,82968,82970,82972,82974,82976,82978,82980],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82963,125],{"class":124},[45,82965,109],{"class":59},[45,82967,82478],{"class":124},[45,82969,109],{"class":59},[45,82971,2498],{"class":202},[45,82973,73],{"class":59},[45,82975,30924],{"class":202},[45,82977,73],{"class":59},[45,82979,5980],{"class":202},[45,82981,1802],{"class":59},[14,82983,268],{},[36,82985,82986],{"className":38,"code":2221,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,82987,82988],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82989,82990],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82991,2221],{"class":202},[14,82993,82994],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,82996,82997],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[36,82999,83001],{"className":38,"code":83000,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[18,83002,83003,83012,83020,83030,83034,83057],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83004,83005,83007,83009],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83006,2548],{"class":51},[45,83008,56],{"class":55},[45,83010,83011],{"class":202}," 15\n",[45,83013,83014,83016,83018],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,83015,2576],{"class":51},[45,83017,56],{"class":55},[45,83019,2763],{"class":202},[45,83021,83022,83025,83027],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,83023,83024],{"class":51},"c ",[45,83026,56],{"class":55},[45,83028,83029],{"class":202}," 27\n",[45,83031,83032],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,83033,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,83035,83036,83039,83041,83043,83045,83047,83049,83051,83053,83055],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,83037,83038],{"class":51},"largest ",[45,83040,56],{"class":55},[45,83042,82825],{"class":124},[45,83044,109],{"class":59},[45,83046,364],{"class":105},[45,83048,73],{"class":59},[45,83050,2553],{"class":105},[45,83052,73],{"class":59},[45,83054,9668],{"class":105},[45,83056,118],{"class":59},[45,83058,83059,83061,83063,83066],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,83060,125],{"class":124},[45,83062,109],{"class":59},[45,83064,83065],{"class":105},"largest",[45,83067,118],{"class":59},[14,83069,268],{},[36,83071,83072],{"className":38,"code":46593,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,83073,83074],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83075,83076],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83077,46593],{"class":202},[14,83079,83080],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[31,83082,1736,83084,47040],{"id":83083},"using-max-with-strings",[18,83085,82419],{},[14,83087,83088,83090],{},[18,83089,82419],{}," can compare strings too.",[36,83092,83094],{"className":38,"code":83093,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83095,83096,83128],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83097,83098,83100,83102,83104,83106,83108,83110,83112,83114,83116,83118,83120,83122,83124,83126],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83099,4062],{"class":51},[45,83101,56],{"class":55},[45,83103,60],{"class":59},[45,83105,64],{"class":63},[45,83107,68],{"class":67},[45,83109,64],{"class":63},[45,83111,73],{"class":59},[45,83113,76],{"class":63},[45,83115,79],{"class":67},[45,83117,64],{"class":63},[45,83119,73],{"class":59},[45,83121,76],{"class":63},[45,83123,78582],{"class":67},[45,83125,64],{"class":63},[45,83127,93],{"class":59},[45,83129,83130,83132,83134,83136,83138,83140],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,83131,125],{"class":124},[45,83133,109],{"class":59},[45,83135,82478],{"class":124},[45,83137,109],{"class":59},[45,83139,4104],{"class":105},[45,83141,1802],{"class":59},[14,83143,268],{},[36,83145,83146],{"className":38,"code":82584,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,83147,83148],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83149,83150],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83151,82584],{"class":51},[14,83153,83154],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83156,68254],{},[157,83158,83159,83168,83171],{},[160,83160,83161,83164,83165,83167],{},[18,83162,83163],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[18,83166,1697],{}," alphabetically",[160,83169,83170],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[160,83172,83173],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83175,345],{},[36,83177,83179],{"className":38,"code":83178,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83180,83181,83214],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83182,83183,83185,83187,83189,83191,83193,83195,83197,83199,83202,83204,83206,83208,83210,83212],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83184,4062],{"class":51},[45,83186,56],{"class":55},[45,83188,60],{"class":59},[45,83190,64],{"class":63},[45,83192,68],{"class":67},[45,83194,64],{"class":63},[45,83196,73],{"class":59},[45,83198,76],{"class":63},[45,83200,83201],{"class":67},"Banana",[45,83203,64],{"class":63},[45,83205,73],{"class":59},[45,83207,76],{"class":63},[45,83209,78582],{"class":67},[45,83211,64],{"class":63},[45,83213,93],{"class":59},[45,83215,83216,83218,83220,83222,83224,83226],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,83217,125],{"class":124},[45,83219,109],{"class":59},[45,83221,82478],{"class":124},[45,83223,109],{"class":59},[45,83225,4104],{"class":105},[45,83227,1802],{"class":59},[14,83229,83230],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83232,83233,83234,83236],{},"You can fix that with the ",[18,83235,14827],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[31,83238,36593,83239,36596],{"id":78540},[18,83240,14827],{},[14,83242,16,83243,83245],{},[18,83244,14827],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83247,83248],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1864,83250,83252],{"id":83251},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[36,83254,83256],{"className":38,"code":83255,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[18,83257,83258,83290],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83259,83260,83262,83264,83266,83268,83270,83272,83274,83276,83278,83280,83282,83284,83286,83288],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83261,4062],{"class":51},[45,83263,56],{"class":55},[45,83265,60],{"class":59},[45,83267,64],{"class":63},[45,83269,37027],{"class":67},[45,83271,64],{"class":63},[45,83273,73],{"class":59},[45,83275,76],{"class":63},[45,83277,68297],{"class":67},[45,83279,64],{"class":63},[45,83281,73],{"class":59},[45,83283,76],{"class":63},[45,83285,58104],{"class":67},[45,83287,64],{"class":63},[45,83289,93],{"class":59},[45,83291,83292,83294,83296,83298,83300,83302,83304,83306,83308,83310],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,83293,125],{"class":124},[45,83295,109],{"class":59},[45,83297,82478],{"class":124},[45,83299,109],{"class":59},[45,83301,4104],{"class":105},[45,83303,73],{"class":59},[45,83305,21564],{"class":9161},[45,83307,56],{"class":55},[45,83309,11150],{"class":124},[45,83311,1802],{"class":59},[14,83313,268],{},[36,83315,83317],{"className":38,"code":83316,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"elephant\n",[18,83318,83319],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83320,83321],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83322,83316],{"class":51},[14,83324,20757,83325,83328],{},[18,83326,83327],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83330,83331,83332,33609,83334,102],{},"If you are new to ",[18,83333,42342],{},[364,83335,83336,5774],{"href":42339},[18,83337,42342],{},[1864,83339,83341],{"id":83340},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[36,83343,83345],{"className":38,"code":83344,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,83346,83347,83379],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83348,83349,83351,83353,83355,83357,83359,83361,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371,83373,83375,83377],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83350,4062],{"class":51},[45,83352,56],{"class":55},[45,83354,60],{"class":59},[45,83356,64],{"class":63},[45,83358,68],{"class":67},[45,83360,64],{"class":63},[45,83362,73],{"class":59},[45,83364,76],{"class":63},[45,83366,83201],{"class":67},[45,83368,64],{"class":63},[45,83370,73],{"class":59},[45,83372,76],{"class":63},[45,83374,78582],{"class":67},[45,83376,64],{"class":63},[45,83378,93],{"class":59},[45,83380,83381,83383,83385,83387,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399,83401,83403],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,83382,125],{"class":124},[45,83384,109],{"class":59},[45,83386,82478],{"class":124},[45,83388,109],{"class":59},[45,83390,4104],{"class":105},[45,83392,73],{"class":59},[45,83394,21564],{"class":9161},[45,83396,56],{"class":55},[45,83398,3436],{"class":315},[45,83400,102],{"class":59},[45,83402,8624],{"class":1831},[45,83404,1802],{"class":59},[14,83406,268],{},[36,83408,83409],{"className":38,"code":82584,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,83410,83411],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83412,83413],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83414,82584],{"class":51},[14,83416,20757,83417,83419],{},[18,83418,78536],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1864,83421,83423],{"id":83422},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83425,83426,83427,1111],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[18,83428,37640],{},[36,83430,83432],{"className":38,"code":83431,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[18,83433,83434,83477],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83435,83436,83438,83440,83442,83444,83446,83448,83450,83452,83455,83457,83459,83461,83464,83466,83468,83470,83473,83475],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83437,52],{"class":51},[45,83439,56],{"class":55},[45,83441,60],{"class":59},[45,83443,64],{"class":63},[45,83445,364],{"class":67},[45,83447,64],{"class":63},[45,83449,73],{"class":59},[45,83451,76],{"class":63},[45,83453,83454],{"class":67},"bb",[45,83456,64],{"class":63},[45,83458,73],{"class":59},[45,83460,76],{"class":63},[45,83462,83463],{"class":67},"cccc",[45,83465,64],{"class":63},[45,83467,73],{"class":59},[45,83469,76],{"class":63},[45,83471,83472],{"class":67},"ddd",[45,83474,64],{"class":63},[45,83476,93],{"class":59},[45,83478,83479,83481,83483,83485,83487,83489,83491,83493,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,83480,125],{"class":124},[45,83482,109],{"class":59},[45,83484,82478],{"class":124},[45,83486,109],{"class":59},[45,83488,99],{"class":105},[45,83490,73],{"class":59},[45,83492,21564],{"class":9161},[45,83494,56],{"class":55},[45,83496,37640],{"class":2059},[45,83498,42823],{"class":37643},[45,83500,1111],{"class":59},[45,83502,38367],{"class":124},[45,83504,109],{"class":59},[45,83506,34690],{"class":105},[45,83508,2905],{"class":59},[14,83510,268],{},[36,83512,83514],{"className":38,"code":83513,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"cccc\n",[18,83515,83516],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83517,83518],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83519,83513],{"class":51},[14,83521,49532,83522,1301,83524,83526],{},[18,83523,83327],{},[18,83525,78423],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[31,83528,36593,83530,36596],{"id":83529},"using-the-default-argument",[18,83531,82774],{},[14,83533,16,83534,83536],{},[18,83535,82774],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83538,83539],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[36,83541,83543],{"className":38,"code":83542,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,83544,83545,83553],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83546,83547,83549,83551],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83548,195],{"class":51},[45,83550,56],{"class":55},[45,83552,7824],{"class":59},[45,83554,83555,83557,83559,83561,83563,83565,83567,83569,83571,83573],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,83556,125],{"class":124},[45,83558,109],{"class":59},[45,83560,82478],{"class":124},[45,83562,109],{"class":59},[45,83564,251],{"class":105},[45,83566,73],{"class":59},[45,83568,26505],{"class":9161},[45,83570,56],{"class":55},[45,83572,2114],{"class":202},[45,83574,1802],{"class":59},[14,83576,268],{},[36,83578,83579],{"className":38,"code":47233,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,83580,83581],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83582,83583],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83584,47233],{"class":202},[14,83586,83587],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83589,83590,83591,83593],{},"Without ",[18,83592,82774],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83595,52062],{},[36,83597,83599],{"className":38,"code":83598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,83600,83601,83609,83636],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83602,83603,83605,83607],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83604,4062],{"class":51},[45,83606,56],{"class":55},[45,83608,7824],{"class":59},[45,83610,83611,83613,83615,83617,83619,83621,83623,83625,83627,83629,83632,83634],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,83612,220],{"class":51},[45,83614,56],{"class":55},[45,83616,82825],{"class":124},[45,83618,109],{"class":59},[45,83620,4104],{"class":105},[45,83622,73],{"class":59},[45,83624,26505],{"class":9161},[45,83626,56],{"class":55},[45,83628,64],{"class":63},[45,83630,83631],{"class":67},"no words found",[45,83633,64],{"class":63},[45,83635,118],{"class":59},[45,83637,83638,83640,83642,83644],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,83639,125],{"class":124},[45,83641,109],{"class":59},[45,83643,263],{"class":105},[45,83645,118],{"class":59},[14,83647,268],{},[36,83649,83651],{"className":38,"code":83650,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"no words found\n",[18,83652,83653],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83654,83655],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83656,83650],{"class":51},[14,83658,83659],{},"Important:",[157,83661,83662,83670],{},[160,83663,83664,83666,83667],{},[18,83665,82774],{}," works with ",[18,83668,83669],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[160,83671,40887,83672,83674,83675],{},[26,83673,178],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[18,83676,83677],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[31,83679,47968],{"id":47967},[14,83681,83682,83683,102],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[18,83684,82419],{},[1864,83686,83688,83690],{"id":83687},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[18,83689,1041],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83692,83693,83694,45890,83696,102],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[18,83695,82774],{},[18,83697,1041],{},[36,83699,83701],{"className":38,"code":83700,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[18,83702,83703,83711],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83704,83705,83707,83709],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83706,195],{"class":51},[45,83708,56],{"class":55},[45,83710,7824],{"class":59},[45,83712,83713,83715,83717,83719,83721,83723],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,83714,125],{"class":124},[45,83716,109],{"class":59},[45,83718,82478],{"class":124},[45,83720,109],{"class":59},[45,83722,251],{"class":105},[45,83724,1802],{"class":59},[14,83726,29662],{},[36,83728,83730],{"className":38,"code":83729,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,83731,83732],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83733,83734,83736,83738,83740,83742,83745,83747],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83735,1041],{"class":315},[45,83737,1111],{"class":59},[45,83739,82825],{"class":124},[45,83741,7353],{"class":59},[45,83743,83744],{"class":51}," arg ",[45,83746,12182],{"class":55},[45,83748,83749],{"class":51}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83751,83752,83753,1111],{},"Fix it by using ",[18,83754,82774],{},[36,83756,83758],{"className":38,"code":83757,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,83759,83760,83768],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83761,83762,83764,83766],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83763,195],{"class":51},[45,83765,56],{"class":55},[45,83767,7824],{"class":59},[45,83769,83770,83772,83774,83776,83778,83780,83782,83784,83786,83788],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,83771,125],{"class":124},[45,83773,109],{"class":59},[45,83775,82478],{"class":124},[45,83777,109],{"class":59},[45,83779,251],{"class":105},[45,83781,73],{"class":59},[45,83783,26505],{"class":9161},[45,83785,56],{"class":55},[45,83787,301],{"class":291},[45,83789,1802],{"class":59},[14,83791,83792,83793,102],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[364,83794,1292],{"href":1291},[1864,83796,83798,83800],{"id":83797},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[18,83799,2998],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,83802,83803,83804,102],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[18,83805,2998],{},[36,83807,83809],{"className":38,"code":83808,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,83810,83811,83835],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83812,83813,83815,83817,83819,83821,83823,83825,83827,83829,83831,83833],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83814,52],{"class":51},[45,83816,56],{"class":55},[45,83818,60],{"class":59},[45,83820,585],{"class":202},[45,83822,73],{"class":59},[45,83824,76],{"class":63},[45,83826,15741],{"class":67},[45,83828,64],{"class":63},[45,83830,73],{"class":59},[45,83832,595],{"class":202},[45,83834,93],{"class":59},[45,83836,83837,83839,83841,83843,83845,83847],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,83838,125],{"class":124},[45,83840,109],{"class":59},[45,83842,82478],{"class":124},[45,83844,109],{"class":59},[45,83846,99],{"class":105},[45,83848,1802],{"class":59},[14,83850,83851],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,83853,83854],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[36,83856,83858],{"className":38,"code":83857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,83859,83860,83880],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83861,83862,83864,83866,83868,83870,83872,83874,83876,83878],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83863,52],{"class":51},[45,83865,56],{"class":55},[45,83867,60],{"class":59},[45,83869,585],{"class":202},[45,83871,73],{"class":59},[45,83873,590],{"class":202},[45,83875,73],{"class":59},[45,83877,595],{"class":202},[45,83879,93],{"class":59},[45,83881,83882,83884,83886,83888,83890,83892],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,83883,125],{"class":124},[45,83885,109],{"class":59},[45,83887,82478],{"class":124},[45,83889,109],{"class":59},[45,83891,99],{"class":105},[45,83893,1802],{"class":59},[14,83895,83896,83897,102],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[364,83898,83900],{"href":83899},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1864,83902,83904,83906],{"id":83903},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[18,83905,2998],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,83908,83909,83911],{},[18,83910,82419],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[36,83913,83915],{"className":38,"code":83914,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(max())\n",[18,83916,83917],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83918,83919,83921,83923,83925],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83920,125],{"class":124},[45,83922,109],{"class":59},[45,83924,82478],{"class":124},[45,83926,7181],{"class":59},[14,83928,2995,83929,102],{},[18,83930,2998],{},[31,83932,83934,10572,83936],{"id":83933},"max-vs-sorted",[18,83935,82419],{},[18,83937,74262],{},[14,83939,83940],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,83942,83943,1111],{},[18,83944,82419],{},[157,83946,83947],{},[160,83948,83949],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,83951,83952,1111],{},[18,83953,74262],{},[157,83955,83956],{},[160,83957,83958],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,83960,345],{},[36,83962,83964],{"className":38,"code":83963,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,83965,83966,83990,83994,84008],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83967,83968,83970,83972,83974,83976,83978,83980,83982,83984,83986,83988],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83969,195],{"class":51},[45,83971,56],{"class":55},[45,83973,60],{"class":59},[45,83975,2056],{"class":202},[45,83977,73],{"class":59},[45,83979,6347],{"class":202},[45,83981,73],{"class":59},[45,83983,208],{"class":202},[45,83985,73],{"class":59},[45,83987,4596],{"class":202},[45,83989,93],{"class":59},[45,83991,83992],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,83993,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,83995,83996,83998,84000,84002,84004,84006],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,83997,125],{"class":124},[45,83999,109],{"class":59},[45,84001,82478],{"class":124},[45,84003,109],{"class":59},[45,84005,251],{"class":105},[45,84007,1802],{"class":59},[45,84009,84010,84012,84014,84016,84018,84020],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,84011,125],{"class":124},[45,84013,109],{"class":59},[45,84015,74352],{"class":124},[45,84017,109],{"class":59},[45,84019,251],{"class":105},[45,84021,1802],{"class":59},[14,84023,268],{},[36,84025,84027],{"className":38,"code":84026,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[18,84028,84029,84033],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84030,84031],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84032,2376],{"class":202},[45,84034,84035,84037,84039,84041,84043,84045,84047,84049,84051],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,84036,278],{"class":59},[45,84038,234],{"class":202},[45,84040,73],{"class":59},[45,84042,213],{"class":202},[45,84044,73],{"class":59},[45,84046,4596],{"class":202},[45,84048,73],{"class":59},[45,84050,6347],{"class":202},[45,84052,93],{"class":59},[14,84054,141,84055,84057],{},[18,84056,82419],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,84059,141,84060,84064],{},[364,84061,84062],{"href":74359},[18,84063,74262],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84066,84067,84068,102],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[364,84069,84071],{"href":84070},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[18,84072,84073],{},"min()",[31,84075,1709],{"id":1708},[14,84077,84078],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[157,84080,84081,84088,84091,84096,84099],{},[160,84082,29631,84083,84085,84086],{},[18,84084,82419],{}," on an empty list without ",[18,84087,82774],{},[160,84089,84090],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[160,84092,1722,84093,84095],{},[18,84094,82419],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[160,84097,84098],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[160,84100,1736,84101,84103],{},[18,84102,82774],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84105,11101],{},[36,84107,84109],{"className":38,"code":84108,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[18,84110,84111,84121,84135,84149,84163,84185],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84112,84113,84115,84117,84119],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84114,125],{"class":124},[45,84116,109],{"class":59},[45,84118,99],{"class":105},[45,84120,118],{"class":59},[45,84122,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,84124,125],{"class":124},[45,84126,109],{"class":59},[45,84128,1811],{"class":315},[45,84130,109],{"class":59},[45,84132,99],{"class":105},[45,84134,1802],{"class":59},[45,84136,84137,84139,84141,84143,84145,84147],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,84138,125],{"class":124},[45,84140,109],{"class":59},[45,84142,11150],{"class":124},[45,84144,109],{"class":59},[45,84146,99],{"class":105},[45,84148,1802],{"class":59},[45,84150,84151,84153,84155,84157,84159,84161],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,84152,125],{"class":124},[45,84154,109],{"class":59},[45,84156,82478],{"class":124},[45,84158,109],{"class":59},[45,84160,99],{"class":105},[45,84162,1802],{"class":59},[45,84164,84165,84167,84169,84171,84173,84175,84177,84179,84181,84183],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,84166,125],{"class":124},[45,84168,109],{"class":59},[45,84170,82478],{"class":124},[45,84172,109],{"class":59},[45,84174,99],{"class":105},[45,84176,73],{"class":59},[45,84178,26505],{"class":9161},[45,84180,56],{"class":55},[45,84182,301],{"class":291},[45,84184,1802],{"class":59},[45,84186,84187,84189,84191,84193,84195,84197,84199,84201,84203,84205,84207],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,84188,125],{"class":124},[45,84190,2979],{"class":59},[45,84192,1811],{"class":315},[45,84194,109],{"class":59},[45,84196,1123],{"class":105},[45,84198,3654],{"class":59},[45,84200,3870],{"class":969},[45,84202,1129],{"class":105},[45,84204,976],{"class":969},[45,84206,1210],{"class":105},[45,84208,3880],{"class":59},[14,84210,84211],{},"These are useful for checking:",[157,84213,84214,84219,84224,84227],{},[160,84215,84216,84217],{},"What is actually inside ",[18,84218,99],{},[160,84220,79589,84221,84223],{},[18,84222,99],{}," is a list or some other type",[160,84225,84226],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[160,84228,84229],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84231,69318,84232,84235,84236,84238],{},[18,84233,84234],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[18,84237,99],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[31,84240,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,84242,5133,84244,5136],{"id":84243},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[18,84245,82419],{},[14,84247,84248],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1864,84250,5160,84252,84254],{"id":84251},"can-max-work-with-strings",[18,84253,82419],{}," work with strings?",[14,84256,84257],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1864,84259,71615],{"id":71614},[14,84261,84262,52477,84264,84266,84267,84269],{},[18,84263,82419],{},[18,84265,1041],{}," unless you use the ",[18,84268,82774],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1864,84271,84273,84274,2485],{"id":84272},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[18,84275,82419],{},[14,84277,141,84278,1111],{},[18,84279,83327],{},[36,84281,84282],{"className":38,"code":83255,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,84283,84284,84316],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84285,84286,84288,84290,84292,84294,84296,84298,84300,84302,84304,84306,84308,84310,84312,84314],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84287,4062],{"class":51},[45,84289,56],{"class":55},[45,84291,60],{"class":59},[45,84293,64],{"class":63},[45,84295,37027],{"class":67},[45,84297,64],{"class":63},[45,84299,73],{"class":59},[45,84301,76],{"class":63},[45,84303,68297],{"class":67},[45,84305,64],{"class":63},[45,84307,73],{"class":59},[45,84309,76],{"class":63},[45,84311,58104],{"class":67},[45,84313,64],{"class":63},[45,84315,93],{"class":59},[45,84317,84318,84320,84322,84324,84326,84328,84330,84332,84334,84336],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,84319,125],{"class":124},[45,84321,109],{"class":59},[45,84323,82478],{"class":124},[45,84325,109],{"class":59},[45,84327,4104],{"class":105},[45,84329,73],{"class":59},[45,84331,21564],{"class":9161},[45,84333,56],{"class":55},[45,84335,11150],{"class":124},[45,84337,1802],{"class":59},[1864,84339,5170,84341,1301,84343,2485],{"id":84340},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[18,84342,82419],{},[18,84344,74262],{},[14,84346,84347,84349,84350,84352],{},[18,84348,82419],{}," returns one largest item. ",[18,84351,74262],{}," returns all items in order.",[31,84354,1909],{"id":1908},[157,84356,84357,84363,84369,84375,84379,84383],{},[160,84358,84359],{},[364,84360,84361,3502],{"href":84070},[18,84362,84073],{},[160,84364,84365],{},[364,84366,84367,3502],{"href":74359},[18,84368,74262],{},[160,84370,84371],{},[364,84372,84373,3502],{"href":42339},[18,84374,42342],{},[160,84376,84377],{},[364,84378,58933],{"href":58932},[160,84380,84381],{},[364,84382,1292],{"href":1291},[160,84384,84385],{},[364,84386,83900],{"href":83899},[1936,84388,84389],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":84391},[84392,84393,84395,84396,84398,84400,84402,84407,84409,84417,84419,84420,84431],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":82609,"depth":96,"text":84394},"What max() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":82778,"depth":96,"text":84397},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82948,"depth":96,"text":84399},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83083,"depth":96,"text":84401},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78540,"depth":96,"text":79738,"children":84403},[84404,84405,84406],{"id":83251,"depth":121,"text":83252},{"id":83340,"depth":121,"text":83341},{"id":83422,"depth":121,"text":83423},{"id":83529,"depth":96,"text":84408},"Using the default argument",{"id":47967,"depth":96,"text":47968,"children":84410},[84411,84413,84415],{"id":83687,"depth":121,"text":84412},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83797,"depth":121,"text":84414},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83903,"depth":121,"text":84416},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83933,"depth":96,"text":84418},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":84421},[84422,84424,84426,84427,84429],{"id":84243,"depth":121,"text":84423},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84251,"depth":121,"text":84425},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71614,"depth":121,"text":71615},{"id":84272,"depth":121,"text":84428},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84340,"depth":121,"text":84430},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82411,"description":84432},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84439,"title":84440,"body":84441,"description":86395,"extension":1958,"meta":86396,"navigation":241,"path":86397,"seo":86398,"stem":86399,"__hash__":86400},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84442,"toc":86352},[84443,84448,84453,84459,84461,84535,84537,84550,84555,84560,84576,84580,84585,84661,84667,84670,84713,84715,84723,84729,84732,84763,84765,84773,84779,84784,84843,84845,84854,84857,84867,84873,84878,84913,84915,84923,84929,84935,84940,84984,84986,84995,84998,85038,85040,85049,85052,85064,85069,85074,85125,85127,85136,85139,85190,85192,85201,85204,85211,85217,85222,85224,85239,85243,85303,85305,85314,85318,85490,85492,85529,85536,85542,85545,85572,85574,85595,85600,85635,85637,85645,85648,85651,85667,85672,85674,85678,85684,85688,85715,85718,85728,85768,85772,85775,85818,85820,85829,85832,85837,85906,85908,85916,85921,85925,85928,85979,85981,85989,85992,86055,86057,86065,86068,86073,86077,86090,86097,86105,86107,86109,86139,86145,86246,86256,86258,86263,86266,86271,86274,86276,86284,86292,86300,86307,86315,86317,86349],[10,84444,3569,84446,3573],{"id":84445},"python-min-function-explained",[18,84447,84073],{},[14,84449,84450,84452],{},[18,84451,84073],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84454,84455,84456,84458],{},"This page explains what ",[18,84457,84073],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[31,84460,34],{"id":33},[36,84462,84464],{"className":38,"code":84463,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[18,84465,84466,84490,84505,84509],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84467,84468,84470,84472,84474,84476,84478,84480,84482,84484,84486,84488],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84469,195],{"class":51},[45,84471,56],{"class":55},[45,84473,60],{"class":59},[45,84475,2131],{"class":202},[45,84477,73],{"class":59},[45,84479,208],{"class":202},[45,84481,73],{"class":59},[45,84483,54119],{"class":202},[45,84485,73],{"class":59},[45,84487,5488],{"class":202},[45,84489,93],{"class":59},[45,84491,84492,84494,84496,84499,84501,84503],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,84493,125],{"class":124},[45,84495,109],{"class":59},[45,84497,84498],{"class":124},"min",[45,84500,109],{"class":59},[45,84502,251],{"class":105},[45,84504,1802],{"class":59},[45,84506,84507],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,84508,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,84510,84511,84513,84515,84517,84519,84521,84523,84525,84527,84529,84531,84533],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,84512,125],{"class":124},[45,84514,109],{"class":59},[45,84516,84498],{"class":124},[45,84518,109],{"class":59},[45,84520,2131],{"class":202},[45,84522,73],{"class":59},[45,84524,208],{"class":202},[45,84526,73],{"class":59},[45,84528,54119],{"class":202},[45,84530,73],{"class":59},[45,84532,5488],{"class":202},[45,84534,1802],{"class":59},[14,84536,268],{},[36,84538,84540],{"className":38,"code":84539,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1\n1\n",[18,84541,84542,84546],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84543,84544],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84545,46898],{"class":202},[45,84547,84548],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,84549,46898],{"class":202},[14,84551,141,84552,84554],{},[18,84553,84073],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[31,84556,3671,84558,3674],{"id":84557},"what-min-does",[18,84559,84073],{},[157,84561,84562,84567,84570,84573],{},[160,84563,84564,84566],{},[18,84565,84073],{}," returns the smallest item",[160,84568,84569],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[160,84571,84572],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[160,84574,84575],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[31,84577,84579],{"id":84578},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84581,84582,84583,1111],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[18,84584,84073],{},[36,84586,84588],{"className":38,"code":84587,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[18,84589,84590,84600,84625,84643],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84591,84592,84594,84596,84598],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84593,84498],{"class":124},[45,84595,109],{"class":59},[45,84597,3714],{"class":105},[45,84599,118],{"class":59},[45,84601,84602,84604,84606,84609,84611,84614,84616,84619,84621,84623],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,84603,84498],{"class":124},[45,84605,109],{"class":59},[45,84607,84608],{"class":105},"value1",[45,84610,73],{"class":59},[45,84612,84613],{"class":105}," value2",[45,84615,73],{"class":59},[45,84617,84618],{"class":105}," value3",[45,84620,73],{"class":59},[45,84622,34435],{"class":124},[45,84624,118],{"class":59},[45,84626,84627,84629,84631,84633,84635,84637,84639,84641],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,84628,84498],{"class":124},[45,84630,109],{"class":59},[45,84632,3714],{"class":105},[45,84634,73],{"class":59},[45,84636,21564],{"class":9161},[45,84638,56],{"class":55},[45,84640,37351],{"class":124},[45,84642,118],{"class":59},[45,84644,84645,84647,84649,84651,84653,84655,84657,84659],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,84646,84498],{"class":124},[45,84648,109],{"class":59},[45,84650,3714],{"class":105},[45,84652,73],{"class":59},[45,84654,26505],{"class":9161},[45,84656,56],{"class":55},[45,84658,37351],{"class":124},[45,84660,118],{"class":59},[1864,84662,84664],{"id":84663},"miniterable",[18,84665,84666],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84668,84669],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[36,84671,84673],{"className":38,"code":84672,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,84674,84675,84699],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84676,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689,84691,84693,84695,84697],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84678,195],{"class":51},[45,84680,56],{"class":55},[45,84682,60],{"class":59},[45,84684,2340],{"class":202},[45,84686,73],{"class":59},[45,84688,213],{"class":202},[45,84690,73],{"class":59},[45,84692,30924],{"class":202},[45,84694,73],{"class":59},[45,84696,5488],{"class":202},[45,84698,93],{"class":59},[45,84700,84701,84703,84705,84707,84709,84711],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,84702,125],{"class":124},[45,84704,109],{"class":59},[45,84706,84498],{"class":124},[45,84708,109],{"class":59},[45,84710,251],{"class":105},[45,84712,1802],{"class":59},[14,84714,268],{},[36,84716,84717],{"className":38,"code":46898,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,84718,84719],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84720,84721],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84722,46898],{"class":202},[1864,84724,84726],{"id":84725},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[18,84727,84728],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84730,84731],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[36,84733,84735],{"className":38,"code":84734,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[18,84736,84737],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84738,84739,84741,84743,84745,84747,84749,84751,84753,84755,84757,84759,84761],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84740,125],{"class":124},[45,84742,109],{"class":59},[45,84744,84498],{"class":124},[45,84746,109],{"class":59},[45,84748,2340],{"class":202},[45,84750,73],{"class":59},[45,84752,213],{"class":202},[45,84754,73],{"class":59},[45,84756,30924],{"class":202},[45,84758,73],{"class":59},[45,84760,5488],{"class":202},[45,84762,1802],{"class":59},[14,84764,268],{},[36,84766,84767],{"className":38,"code":46898,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,84768,84769],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84770,84771],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84772,46898],{"class":202},[1864,84774,84776],{"id":84775},"miniterable-key",[18,84777,84778],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,84780,141,84781,84783],{},[18,84782,14827],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[36,84785,84787],{"className":38,"code":84786,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,84788,84789,84821],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84790,84791,84793,84795,84797,84799,84801,84803,84805,84807,84809,84811,84813,84815,84817,84819],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84792,4062],{"class":51},[45,84794,56],{"class":55},[45,84796,60],{"class":59},[45,84798,64],{"class":63},[45,84800,78582],{"class":67},[45,84802,64],{"class":63},[45,84804,73],{"class":59},[45,84806,76],{"class":63},[45,84808,38322],{"class":67},[45,84810,64],{"class":63},[45,84812,73],{"class":59},[45,84814,76],{"class":63},[45,84816,79],{"class":67},[45,84818,64],{"class":63},[45,84820,93],{"class":59},[45,84822,84823,84825,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835,84837,84839,84841],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,84824,125],{"class":124},[45,84826,109],{"class":59},[45,84828,84498],{"class":124},[45,84830,109],{"class":59},[45,84832,4104],{"class":105},[45,84834,73],{"class":59},[45,84836,21564],{"class":9161},[45,84838,56],{"class":55},[45,84840,11150],{"class":124},[45,84842,1802],{"class":59},[14,84844,268],{},[36,84846,84848],{"className":38,"code":84847,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"kiwi\n",[18,84849,84850],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84851,84852],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84853,84847],{"class":51},[14,84855,84856],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,84858,84859,84860,84862,84863,102],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[18,84861,42342],{},", see the ",[364,84864,84865,3502],{"href":42339},[18,84866,42342],{},[1864,84868,84870],{"id":84869},"miniterable-default",[18,84871,84872],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,84874,141,84875,84877],{},[18,84876,82774],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[36,84879,84881],{"className":38,"code":84880,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,84882,84883,84891],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84884,84885,84887,84889],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84886,195],{"class":51},[45,84888,56],{"class":55},[45,84890,7824],{"class":59},[45,84892,84893,84895,84897,84899,84901,84903,84905,84907,84909,84911],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,84894,125],{"class":124},[45,84896,109],{"class":59},[45,84898,84498],{"class":124},[45,84900,109],{"class":59},[45,84902,251],{"class":105},[45,84904,73],{"class":59},[45,84906,26505],{"class":9161},[45,84908,56],{"class":55},[45,84910,2114],{"class":202},[45,84912,1802],{"class":59},[14,84914,268],{},[36,84916,84917],{"className":38,"code":47233,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,84918,84919],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84920,84921],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84922,47233],{"class":202},[14,84924,84925,84926,84928],{},"This avoids a ",[18,84927,1041],{}," when there is no item to return.",[31,84930,1736,84932,84934],{"id":84931},"using-min-with-numbers",[18,84933,84073],{}," with numbers",[14,84936,84937,84939],{},[18,84938,84073],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[36,84941,84943],{"className":38,"code":84942,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[18,84944,84945,84970],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84946,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84948,578],{"class":51},[45,84950,56],{"class":55},[45,84952,60],{"class":59},[45,84954,51487],{"class":202},[45,84956,73],{"class":59},[45,84958,84959],{"class":202}," 72",[45,84961,73],{"class":59},[45,84963,28887],{"class":202},[45,84965,73],{"class":59},[45,84967,75938],{"class":202},[45,84969,93],{"class":59},[45,84971,84972,84974,84976,84978,84980,84982],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,84973,125],{"class":124},[45,84975,109],{"class":59},[45,84977,84498],{"class":124},[45,84979,109],{"class":59},[45,84981,607],{"class":105},[45,84983,1802],{"class":59},[14,84985,268],{},[36,84987,84989],{"className":38,"code":84988,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"60\n",[18,84990,84991],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84992,84993],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84994,84988],{"class":202},[14,84996,84997],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[36,84999,85001],{"className":38,"code":85000,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[18,85002,85003,85024],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85004,85005,85007,85009,85011,85013,85015,85018,85020,85022],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85006,82886],{"class":51},[45,85008,56],{"class":55},[45,85010,60],{"class":59},[45,85012,40380],{"class":202},[45,85014,73],{"class":59},[45,85016,85017],{"class":202}," 5.49",[45,85019,73],{"class":59},[45,85021,82902],{"class":202},[45,85023,93],{"class":59},[45,85025,85026,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,85027,125],{"class":124},[45,85029,109],{"class":59},[45,85031,84498],{"class":124},[45,85033,109],{"class":59},[45,85035,82922],{"class":105},[45,85037,1802],{"class":59},[14,85039,268],{},[36,85041,85043],{"className":38,"code":85042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5.49\n",[18,85044,85045],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85046,85047],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85048,85042],{"class":202},[14,85050,85051],{},"This is useful for things like:",[157,85053,85054,85056,85058,85061],{},[160,85055,607],{},[160,85057,82922],{},[160,85059,85060],{},"measurements",[160,85062,85063],{},"ages",[31,85065,1736,85067,47040],{"id":85066},"using-min-with-strings",[18,85068,84073],{},[14,85070,85071,85073],{},[18,85072,84073],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[36,85075,85077],{"className":38,"code":85076,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85078,85079,85111],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85080,85081,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099,85101,85103,85105,85107,85109],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85082,4062],{"class":51},[45,85084,56],{"class":55},[45,85086,60],{"class":59},[45,85088,64],{"class":63},[45,85090,79],{"class":67},[45,85092,64],{"class":63},[45,85094,73],{"class":59},[45,85096,76],{"class":63},[45,85098,68],{"class":67},[45,85100,64],{"class":63},[45,85102,73],{"class":59},[45,85104,76],{"class":63},[45,85106,4087],{"class":67},[45,85108,64],{"class":63},[45,85110,93],{"class":59},[45,85112,85113,85115,85117,85119,85121,85123],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,85114,125],{"class":124},[45,85116,109],{"class":59},[45,85118,84498],{"class":124},[45,85120,109],{"class":59},[45,85122,4104],{"class":105},[45,85124,1802],{"class":59},[14,85126,268],{},[36,85128,85130],{"className":38,"code":85129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"apple\n",[18,85131,85132],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85133,85134],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85135,85129],{"class":51},[14,85137,85138],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[36,85140,85142],{"className":38,"code":85141,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85143,85144,85176],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85145,85146,85148,85150,85152,85154,85156,85158,85160,85162,85164,85166,85168,85170,85172,85174],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85147,4062],{"class":51},[45,85149,56],{"class":55},[45,85151,60],{"class":59},[45,85153,64],{"class":63},[45,85155,79],{"class":67},[45,85157,64],{"class":63},[45,85159,73],{"class":59},[45,85161,76],{"class":63},[45,85163,57746],{"class":67},[45,85165,64],{"class":63},[45,85167,73],{"class":59},[45,85169,76],{"class":63},[45,85171,4087],{"class":67},[45,85173,64],{"class":63},[45,85175,93],{"class":59},[45,85177,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,85179,125],{"class":124},[45,85181,109],{"class":59},[45,85183,84498],{"class":124},[45,85185,109],{"class":59},[45,85187,4104],{"class":105},[45,85189,1802],{"class":59},[14,85191,268],{},[36,85193,85195],{"className":38,"code":85194,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Apple\n",[18,85196,85197],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85198,85199],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85200,85194],{"class":51},[14,85202,85203],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85205,85206,85207,102],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[364,85208,85209,5774],{"href":74359},[18,85210,74262],{},[31,85212,1736,85214,85216],{"id":85213},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[18,85215,84073],{}," with a key function",[14,85218,16,85219,85221],{},[18,85220,14827],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85223,11447],{},[157,85225,85226,85231,85236],{},[160,85227,85228,85230],{},[18,85229,14827],{}," changes the comparison rule",[160,85232,85233,85235],{},[18,85234,84073],{}," still returns the original item",[160,85237,85238],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1864,85240,85242],{"id":85241},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[36,85244,85246],{"className":38,"code":85245,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85247,85248,85281],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85249,85250,85252,85254,85256,85258,85260,85262,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85277,85279],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85251,4062],{"class":51},[45,85253,56],{"class":55},[45,85255,60],{"class":59},[45,85257,64],{"class":63},[45,85259,68297],{"class":67},[45,85261,64],{"class":63},[45,85263,73],{"class":59},[45,85265,76],{"class":63},[45,85267,37027],{"class":67},[45,85269,64],{"class":63},[45,85271,73],{"class":59},[45,85273,76],{"class":63},[45,85275,85276],{"class":67},"giraffe",[45,85278,64],{"class":63},[45,85280,93],{"class":59},[45,85282,85283,85285,85287,85289,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299,85301],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,85284,125],{"class":124},[45,85286,109],{"class":59},[45,85288,84498],{"class":124},[45,85290,109],{"class":59},[45,85292,4104],{"class":105},[45,85294,73],{"class":59},[45,85296,21564],{"class":9161},[45,85298,56],{"class":55},[45,85300,11150],{"class":124},[45,85302,1802],{"class":59},[14,85304,268],{},[36,85306,85308],{"className":38,"code":85307,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"cat\n",[18,85309,85310],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85311,85312],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85313,85307],{"class":51},[1864,85315,85317],{"id":85316},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[36,85319,85321],{"className":38,"code":85320,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[18,85322,85323,85333,85368,85400,85432,85436,85440,85479],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85324,85325,85328,85330],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85326,85327],{"class":51},"students ",[45,85329,56],{"class":55},[45,85331,85332],{"class":59}," [\n",[45,85334,85335,85338,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356,85359,85361,85363,85365],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,85336,85337],{"class":59},"    {",[45,85339,64],{"class":63},[45,85341,7656],{"class":67},[45,85343,64],{"class":63},[45,85345,1111],{"class":59},[45,85347,76],{"class":63},[45,85349,12867],{"class":67},[45,85351,64],{"class":63},[45,85353,73],{"class":59},[45,85355,76],{"class":63},[45,85357,85358],{"class":67},"score",[45,85360,64],{"class":63},[45,85362,1111],{"class":59},[45,85364,13492],{"class":202},[45,85366,85367],{"class":59},"},\n",[45,85369,85370,85372,85374,85376,85378,85380,85382,85384,85386,85388,85390,85392,85394,85396,85398],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,85371,85337],{"class":59},[45,85373,64],{"class":63},[45,85375,7656],{"class":67},[45,85377,64],{"class":63},[45,85379,1111],{"class":59},[45,85381,76],{"class":63},[45,85383,35922],{"class":67},[45,85385,64],{"class":63},[45,85387,73],{"class":59},[45,85389,76],{"class":63},[45,85391,85358],{"class":67},[45,85393,64],{"class":63},[45,85395,1111],{"class":59},[45,85397,84959],{"class":202},[45,85399,85367],{"class":59},[45,85401,85402,85404,85406,85408,85410,85412,85414,85416,85418,85420,85422,85424,85426,85428,85430],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,85403,85337],{"class":59},[45,85405,64],{"class":63},[45,85407,7656],{"class":67},[45,85409,64],{"class":63},[45,85411,1111],{"class":59},[45,85413,76],{"class":63},[45,85415,35931],{"class":67},[45,85417,64],{"class":63},[45,85419,73],{"class":59},[45,85421,76],{"class":63},[45,85423,85358],{"class":67},[45,85425,64],{"class":63},[45,85427,1111],{"class":59},[45,85429,19884],{"class":202},[45,85431,9295],{"class":59},[45,85433,85434],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,85435,93],{"class":59},[45,85437,85438],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,85439,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,85441,85442,85445,85447,85450,85452,85455,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,85443,85444],{"class":51},"lowest ",[45,85446,56],{"class":55},[45,85448,85449],{"class":124}," min",[45,85451,109],{"class":59},[45,85453,85454],{"class":105},"students",[45,85456,73],{"class":59},[45,85458,21564],{"class":9161},[45,85460,56],{"class":55},[45,85462,37640],{"class":2059},[45,85464,12893],{"class":37643},[45,85466,1111],{"class":59},[45,85468,12893],{"class":105},[45,85470,278],{"class":59},[45,85472,64],{"class":63},[45,85474,85358],{"class":67},[45,85476,64],{"class":63},[45,85478,3880],{"class":59},[45,85480,85481,85483,85485,85488],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,85482,125],{"class":124},[45,85484,109],{"class":59},[45,85486,85487],{"class":105},"lowest",[45,85489,118],{"class":59},[14,85491,268],{},[36,85493,85495],{"className":38,"code":85494,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[18,85496,85497],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85498,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85527],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85500,9264],{"class":59},[45,85502,429],{"class":63},[45,85504,7656],{"class":67},[45,85506,429],{"class":63},[45,85508,1111],{"class":59},[45,85510,438],{"class":63},[45,85512,35922],{"class":67},[45,85514,429],{"class":63},[45,85516,73],{"class":59},[45,85518,438],{"class":63},[45,85520,85358],{"class":67},[45,85522,429],{"class":63},[45,85524,1111],{"class":59},[45,85526,84959],{"class":202},[45,85528,9295],{"class":59},[14,85530,85531,85532,85535],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[18,85533,85534],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[31,85537,1736,85539,85541],{"id":85538},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[18,85540,82774],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85543,85544],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[36,85546,85548],{"className":38,"code":85547,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85549,85550,85558],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85551,85552,85554,85556],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85553,195],{"class":51},[45,85555,56],{"class":55},[45,85557,7824],{"class":59},[45,85559,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,85561,125],{"class":124},[45,85563,109],{"class":59},[45,85565,84498],{"class":124},[45,85567,109],{"class":59},[45,85569,251],{"class":105},[45,85571,1802],{"class":59},[14,85573,268],{},[36,85575,85577],{"className":38,"code":85576,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,85578,85579],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85580,85581,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85582,1041],{"class":315},[45,85584,1111],{"class":59},[45,85586,85449],{"class":124},[45,85588,7353],{"class":59},[45,85590,83744],{"class":51},[45,85592,12182],{"class":55},[45,85594,83749],{"class":51},[14,85596,85597,85598,1111],{},"To avoid that, use ",[18,85599,82774],{},[36,85601,85603],{"className":38,"code":85602,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,85604,85605,85613],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85606,85607,85609,85611],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85608,195],{"class":51},[45,85610,56],{"class":55},[45,85612,7824],{"class":59},[45,85614,85615,85617,85619,85621,85623,85625,85627,85629,85631,85633],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,85616,125],{"class":124},[45,85618,109],{"class":59},[45,85620,84498],{"class":124},[45,85622,109],{"class":59},[45,85624,251],{"class":105},[45,85626,73],{"class":59},[45,85628,26505],{"class":9161},[45,85630,56],{"class":55},[45,85632,301],{"class":291},[45,85634,1802],{"class":59},[14,85636,268],{},[36,85638,85639],{"className":38,"code":292,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,85640,85641],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85642,85643],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85644,292],{"class":291},[14,85646,85647],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85649,85650],{},"Remember:",[157,85652,85653,85661],{},[160,85654,85655,85657,85658,85660],{},[18,85656,82774],{}," works only when ",[18,85659,84073],{}," gets one iterable argument",[160,85662,85663,85664],{},"It does not work with ",[18,85665,85666],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85668,85669,85670,102],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[364,85671,1292],{"href":1291},[31,85673,10732],{"id":10731},[14,85675,56753,85676,102],{},[18,85677,84073],{},[1864,85679,85681,85682],{"id":85680},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[18,85683,82774],{},[14,85685,2995,85686,1111],{},[18,85687,1041],{},[36,85689,85691],{"className":38,"code":85690,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[18,85692,85693,85701],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85694,85695,85697,85699],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85696,52],{"class":51},[45,85698,56],{"class":55},[45,85700,7824],{"class":59},[45,85702,85703,85705,85707,85709,85711,85713],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,85704,125],{"class":124},[45,85706,109],{"class":59},[45,85708,84498],{"class":124},[45,85710,109],{"class":59},[45,85712,99],{"class":105},[45,85714,1802],{"class":59},[14,85716,85717],{},"Fix it by:",[157,85719,85720,85723],{},[160,85721,85722],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[160,85724,85725,85726],{},"or using ",[18,85727,82774],{},[36,85729,85731],{"className":38,"code":85730,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[18,85732,85733,85741],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85734,85735,85737,85739],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85736,52],{"class":51},[45,85738,56],{"class":55},[45,85740,7824],{"class":59},[45,85742,85743,85745,85747,85749,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85764,85766],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,85744,125],{"class":124},[45,85746,109],{"class":59},[45,85748,84498],{"class":124},[45,85750,109],{"class":59},[45,85752,99],{"class":105},[45,85754,73],{"class":59},[45,85756,26505],{"class":9161},[45,85758,56],{"class":55},[45,85760,64],{"class":63},[45,85762,85763],{"class":67},"no items",[45,85765,64],{"class":63},[45,85767,1802],{"class":59},[1864,85769,85771],{"id":85770},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,85773,85774],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[36,85776,85778],{"className":38,"code":85777,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[18,85779,85780,85804],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85781,85782,85784,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85783,9151],{"class":51},[45,85785,56],{"class":55},[45,85787,60],{"class":59},[45,85789,585],{"class":202},[45,85791,73],{"class":59},[45,85793,76],{"class":63},[45,85795,15741],{"class":67},[45,85797,64],{"class":63},[45,85799,73],{"class":59},[45,85801,4596],{"class":202},[45,85803,93],{"class":59},[45,85805,85806,85808,85810,85812,85814,85816],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,85807,125],{"class":124},[45,85809,109],{"class":59},[45,85811,84498],{"class":124},[45,85813,109],{"class":59},[45,85815,9190],{"class":105},[45,85817,1802],{"class":59},[14,85819,268],{},[36,85821,85823],{"className":38,"code":85822,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"TypeError\n",[18,85824,85825],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85826,85827],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85828,85822],{"class":315},[14,85830,85831],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,85833,85834,85835,102],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[18,85836,84073],{},[36,85838,85840],{"className":38,"code":85839,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85841,85842,85866,85892],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85843,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852,85854,85856,85858,85860,85862,85864],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85845,9151],{"class":51},[45,85847,56],{"class":55},[45,85849,60],{"class":59},[45,85851,585],{"class":202},[45,85853,73],{"class":59},[45,85855,76],{"class":63},[45,85857,15741],{"class":67},[45,85859,64],{"class":63},[45,85861,73],{"class":59},[45,85863,4596],{"class":202},[45,85865,93],{"class":59},[45,85867,85868,85870,85872,85874,85876,85878,85880,85882,85884,85886,85888,85890],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,85869,195],{"class":51},[45,85871,56],{"class":55},[45,85873,60],{"class":59},[45,85875,2184],{"class":315},[45,85877,109],{"class":59},[45,85879,1123],{"class":105},[45,85881,3654],{"class":59},[45,85883,3870],{"class":969},[45,85885,1129],{"class":51},[45,85887,976],{"class":969},[45,85889,14552],{"class":51},[45,85891,93],{"class":59},[45,85893,85894,85896,85898,85900,85902,85904],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,85895,125],{"class":124},[45,85897,109],{"class":59},[45,85899,84498],{"class":124},[45,85901,109],{"class":59},[45,85903,251],{"class":105},[45,85905,1802],{"class":59},[14,85907,268],{},[36,85909,85910],{"className":38,"code":2940,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,85911,85912],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85913,85914],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85915,2940],{"class":202},[14,85917,85918,85919,102],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[18,85920,2998],{},[1864,85922,85924],{"id":85923},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,85926,85927],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[36,85929,85931],{"className":38,"code":85930,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85932,85933,85965],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85934,85935,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945,85947,85949,85951,85953,85955,85957,85959,85961,85963],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85936,4062],{"class":51},[45,85938,56],{"class":55},[45,85940,60],{"class":59},[45,85942,64],{"class":63},[45,85944,79398],{"class":67},[45,85946,64],{"class":63},[45,85948,73],{"class":59},[45,85950,76],{"class":63},[45,85952,57746],{"class":67},[45,85954,64],{"class":63},[45,85956,73],{"class":59},[45,85958,76],{"class":63},[45,85960,79415],{"class":67},[45,85962,64],{"class":63},[45,85964,93],{"class":59},[45,85966,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,85968,125],{"class":124},[45,85970,109],{"class":59},[45,85972,84498],{"class":124},[45,85974,109],{"class":59},[45,85976,4104],{"class":105},[45,85978,1802],{"class":59},[14,85980,268],{},[36,85982,85983],{"className":38,"code":85194,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,85984,85985],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85986,85987],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85988,85194],{"class":51},[14,85990,85991],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[36,85993,85995],{"className":38,"code":85994,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,85996,85997,86029],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85998,85999,86001,86003,86005,86007,86009,86011,86013,86015,86017,86019,86021,86023,86025,86027],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86000,4062],{"class":51},[45,86002,56],{"class":55},[45,86004,60],{"class":59},[45,86006,64],{"class":63},[45,86008,79398],{"class":67},[45,86010,64],{"class":63},[45,86012,73],{"class":59},[45,86014,76],{"class":63},[45,86016,57746],{"class":67},[45,86018,64],{"class":63},[45,86020,73],{"class":59},[45,86022,76],{"class":63},[45,86024,79415],{"class":67},[45,86026,64],{"class":63},[45,86028,93],{"class":59},[45,86030,86031,86033,86035,86037,86039,86041,86043,86045,86047,86049,86051,86053],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,86032,125],{"class":124},[45,86034,109],{"class":59},[45,86036,84498],{"class":124},[45,86038,109],{"class":59},[45,86040,4104],{"class":105},[45,86042,73],{"class":59},[45,86044,21564],{"class":9161},[45,86046,56],{"class":55},[45,86048,3436],{"class":315},[45,86050,102],{"class":59},[45,86052,8624],{"class":1831},[45,86054,1802],{"class":59},[14,86056,268],{},[36,86058,86059],{"className":38,"code":85194,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,86060,86061],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86062,86063],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86064,85194],{"class":51},[14,86066,86067],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[31,86069,4952,86071],{"id":86070},"when-to-use-min",[18,86072,84073],{},[14,86074,141,86075,10588],{},[18,86076,84073],{},[157,86078,86079,86082,86087],{},[160,86080,86081],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[160,86083,86084,86085],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[18,86086,14827],{},[160,86088,86089],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86091,141,86092,86096],{},[364,86093,86094],{"href":74359},[18,86095,74262],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86098,141,86099,86104],{},[364,86100,86102],{"href":86101},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[18,86103,82419],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[31,86106,1709],{"id":1708},[14,86108,84078],{},[157,86110,86111,86119,86122,86127,86134],{},[160,86112,86113,86114,86116,86117],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[18,86115,84073],{}," without using ",[18,86118,82774],{},[160,86120,86121],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[160,86123,1722,86124,86126],{},[18,86125,84073],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[160,86128,4695,86129,86131,86132,85235],{},[18,86130,14827],{}," affects comparison but ",[18,86133,84073],{},[160,86135,1736,86136,86138],{},[18,86137,82774],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86140,86141,86142,86144],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[18,86143,84073],{},", these quick checks can help:",[36,86146,86148],{"className":38,"code":86147,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,86149,86150,86164,86174,86188,86202,86224],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86151,86152,86154,86156,86158,86160,86162],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86153,125],{"class":124},[45,86155,109],{"class":59},[45,86157,1811],{"class":315},[45,86159,109],{"class":59},[45,86161,9190],{"class":105},[45,86163,1802],{"class":59},[45,86165,86166,86168,86170,86172],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,86167,125],{"class":124},[45,86169,109],{"class":59},[45,86171,9190],{"class":105},[45,86173,118],{"class":59},[45,86175,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,86177,125],{"class":124},[45,86179,109],{"class":59},[45,86181,11150],{"class":124},[45,86183,109],{"class":59},[45,86185,9190],{"class":105},[45,86187,1802],{"class":59},[45,86189,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198,86200],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,86191,125],{"class":124},[45,86193,109],{"class":59},[45,86195,84498],{"class":124},[45,86197,109],{"class":59},[45,86199,9190],{"class":105},[45,86201,1802],{"class":59},[45,86203,86204,86206,86208,86210,86212,86214,86216,86218,86220,86222],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,86205,125],{"class":124},[45,86207,109],{"class":59},[45,86209,84498],{"class":124},[45,86211,109],{"class":59},[45,86213,9190],{"class":105},[45,86215,73],{"class":59},[45,86217,26505],{"class":9161},[45,86219,56],{"class":55},[45,86221,301],{"class":291},[45,86223,1802],{"class":59},[45,86225,86226,86228,86230,86232,86234,86236,86238,86240,86242,86244],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,86227,125],{"class":124},[45,86229,109],{"class":59},[45,86231,84498],{"class":124},[45,86233,109],{"class":59},[45,86235,4104],{"class":105},[45,86237,73],{"class":59},[45,86239,21564],{"class":9161},[45,86241,56],{"class":55},[45,86243,11150],{"class":124},[45,86245,1802],{"class":59},[14,86247,86248,86249,86252,86253,86255],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[18,86250,86251],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[18,86254,9190],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[31,86257,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,86259,5133,86261,5136],{"id":86260},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[18,86262,84073],{},[14,86264,86265],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1864,86267,5160,86269,84254],{"id":86268},"can-min-work-with-strings",[18,86270,84073],{},[14,86272,86273],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1864,86275,71615],{"id":71614},[14,86277,86278,52477,86280,84266,86282,36602],{},[18,86279,84073],{},[18,86281,1041],{},[18,86283,82774],{},[1864,86285,5133,86287,86289,86290,2485],{"id":86286},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[18,86288,14827],{}," do in ",[18,86291,84073],{},[14,86293,86294,86296,86297,86299],{},[18,86295,14827],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[18,86298,83327],{}," compares strings by length.",[1864,86301,5170,86303,1301,86305,2485],{"id":86302},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[18,86304,84073],{},[18,86306,74262],{},[14,86308,86309,86311,86312,86314],{},[18,86310,84073],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[18,86313,74262],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[31,86316,1909],{"id":1908},[157,86318,86319,86325,86331,86337,86341,86345],{},[160,86320,86321],{},[364,86322,86323,3502],{"href":86101},[18,86324,82419],{},[160,86326,86327],{},[364,86328,86329,3502],{"href":74359},[18,86330,74262],{},[160,86332,86333],{},[364,86334,86335,3502],{"href":42339},[18,86336,42342],{},[160,86338,86339],{},[364,86340,79711],{"href":78214},[160,86342,86343],{},[364,86344,58933],{"href":58932},[160,86346,86347],{},[364,86348,1292],{"href":1291},[1936,86350,86351],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":86353},[86354,86355,86357,86363,86365,86367,86372,86374,86380,86382,86383,86394],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":84557,"depth":96,"text":86356},"What min() does",{"id":84578,"depth":96,"text":84579,"children":86358},[86359,86360,86361,86362],{"id":84663,"depth":121,"text":84666},{"id":84725,"depth":121,"text":84728},{"id":84775,"depth":121,"text":84778},{"id":84869,"depth":121,"text":84872},{"id":84931,"depth":96,"text":86364},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85066,"depth":96,"text":86366},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85213,"depth":96,"text":86368,"children":86369},"Using min() with a key function",[86370,86371],{"id":85241,"depth":121,"text":85242},{"id":85316,"depth":121,"text":85317},{"id":85538,"depth":96,"text":86373},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10731,"depth":96,"text":10732,"children":86375},[86376,86378,86379],{"id":85680,"depth":121,"text":86377},"Empty list without default",{"id":85770,"depth":121,"text":85771},{"id":85923,"depth":121,"text":85924},{"id":86070,"depth":96,"text":86381},"When to use min()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":86384},[86385,86387,86389,86390,86392],{"id":86260,"depth":121,"text":86386},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86268,"depth":121,"text":86388},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71614,"depth":121,"text":71615},{"id":86286,"depth":121,"text":86391},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86302,"depth":121,"text":86393},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84440,"description":86395},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86402,"title":86403,"body":86404,"description":88583,"extension":1958,"meta":88584,"navigation":241,"path":88585,"seo":88586,"stem":88587,"__hash__":88588},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86405,"toc":88547},[86406,86409,86415,86421,86423,86504,86513,86517,86522,86524,86569,86571,86651,86657,86659,86662,86694,86696,86714,86716,86789,86791,86810,86814,86817,86853,86855,86922,86996,87069,87074,87078,87084,87087,87104,87107,87109,87170,87172,87192,87198,87202,87205,87275,87278,87297,87302,87378,87381,87385,87391,87395,87400,87470,87474,87479,87553,87557,87560,87635,87646,87650,87655,87745,87750,87818,87821,87840,87851,87855,87858,87863,87866,87928,87931,87942,87947,87950,87953,87958,87961,87964,87968,87971,87977,87980,87991,87993,88055,88070,88076,88079,88082,88093,88104,88110,88113,88115,88177,88187,88193,88198,88204,88208,88214,88217,88238,88240,88245,88272,88275,88302,88305,88344,88347,88385,88388,88449,88452,88454,88458,88461,88465,88471,88479,88487,88491,88494,88498,88504,88506,88544],[10,86407,86403],{"id":86408},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86410,86411,86414],{},[18,86412,86413],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86416,86417,86418,86420],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[18,86419,86413],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[31,86422,34],{"id":33},[36,86424,86426],{"className":38,"code":86425,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[18,86427,86428,86477,86493],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86429,86430,86433,86436,86438,86440,86443,86445,86447,86449,86451,86453,86455,86458,86460,86462,86465,86467,86469,86471,86475],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86431,86432],{"class":969},"with",[45,86434,86435],{"class":124}," open",[45,86437,109],{"class":59},[45,86439,64],{"class":63},[45,86441,86442],{"class":67},"example.txt",[45,86444,64],{"class":63},[45,86446,73],{"class":59},[45,86448,76],{"class":63},[45,86450,60482],{"class":67},[45,86452,64],{"class":63},[45,86454,73],{"class":59},[45,86456,86457],{"class":9161}," encoding",[45,86459,56],{"class":55},[45,86461,64],{"class":63},[45,86463,86464],{"class":67},"utf-8",[45,86466,64],{"class":63},[45,86468,3654],{"class":59},[45,86470,47339],{"class":969},[45,86472,86474],{"class":86473},"sMMDD"," file",[45,86476,1213],{"class":59},[45,86478,86479,86482,86484,86486,86488,86491],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,86480,86481],{"class":51},"    content ",[45,86483,56],{"class":55},[45,86485,86474],{"class":86473},[45,86487,102],{"class":59},[45,86489,86490],{"class":105},"read",[45,86492,8627],{"class":59},[45,86494,86495,86497,86499,86502],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,86496,8055],{"class":124},[45,86498,109],{"class":59},[45,86500,86501],{"class":105},"content",[45,86503,118],{"class":59},[14,86505,141,86506,86508,86509,86512],{},[18,86507,86432],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[18,86510,86511],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[31,86514,86516],{"id":86515},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86518,86519,86521],{},[18,86520,86413],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86523,11447],{},[157,86525,86526,86529,86534,86539],{},[160,86527,86528],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[160,86530,40887,86531,86533],{},[26,86532,178],{}," read or write anything by itself",[160,86535,17408,86536],{},[26,86537,86538],{},"file object",[160,86540,86541,86542],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[157,86543,86544,86549,86554,86559,86564],{},[160,86545,86546],{},[18,86547,86548],{},"read()",[160,86550,86551],{},[18,86552,86553],{},"readline()",[160,86555,86556],{},[18,86557,86558],{},"readlines()",[160,86560,86561],{},[18,86562,86563],{},"write()",[160,86565,86566],{},[18,86567,86568],{},"close()",[14,86570,345],{},[36,86572,86574],{"className":38,"code":86573,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[18,86575,86576,86615,86630,86640],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86577,86578,86581,86583,86585,86587,86589,86591,86593,86595,86597,86599,86601,86603,86605,86607,86609,86611,86613],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86579,86580],{"class":86473},"file",[45,86582,13261],{"class":55},[45,86584,86435],{"class":124},[45,86586,109],{"class":59},[45,86588,64],{"class":63},[45,86590,86442],{"class":67},[45,86592,64],{"class":63},[45,86594,73],{"class":59},[45,86596,76],{"class":63},[45,86598,60482],{"class":67},[45,86600,64],{"class":63},[45,86602,73],{"class":59},[45,86604,86457],{"class":9161},[45,86606,56],{"class":55},[45,86608,64],{"class":63},[45,86610,86464],{"class":67},[45,86612,64],{"class":63},[45,86614,118],{"class":59},[45,86616,86617,86620,86622,86624,86626,86628],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,86618,86619],{"class":51},"content ",[45,86621,56],{"class":55},[45,86623,86474],{"class":86473},[45,86625,102],{"class":59},[45,86627,86490],{"class":105},[45,86629,8627],{"class":59},[45,86631,86632,86634,86636,86638],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,86633,125],{"class":124},[45,86635,109],{"class":59},[45,86637,86501],{"class":105},[45,86639,118],{"class":59},[45,86641,86642,86644,86646,86649],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,86643,86580],{"class":86473},[45,86645,102],{"class":59},[45,86647,86648],{"class":105},"close",[45,86650,8627],{"class":59},[14,86652,86653,86654,86656],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[18,86655,86432],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[31,86658,2153],{"id":2152},[14,86660,86661],{},"A common form is:",[36,86663,86665],{"className":38,"code":86664,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[18,86666,86667],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86668,86669,86671,86673,86675,86677,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688,86690,86692],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86670,42408],{"class":124},[45,86672,109],{"class":59},[45,86674,86580],{"class":86473},[45,86676,73],{"class":59},[45,86678,86679],{"class":105}," mode",[45,86681,73],{"class":59},[45,86683,86457],{"class":9161},[45,86685,56],{"class":55},[45,86687,64],{"class":63},[45,86689,86464],{"class":67},[45,86691,64],{"class":63},[45,86693,118],{"class":59},[14,86695,65023],{},[157,86697,86698,86703,86708],{},[160,86699,86700,86702],{},[18,86701,86580],{}," is the file name or file path",[160,86704,86705,86707],{},[18,86706,20905],{}," controls how the file is opened",[160,86709,86710,86713],{},[18,86711,86712],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86715,345],{},[36,86717,86719],{"className":38,"code":86718,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[18,86720,86721,86764,86779],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86722,86723,86725,86727,86729,86731,86734,86736,86738,86740,86742,86744,86746,86748,86750,86752,86754,86756,86758,86760,86762],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86724,86432],{"class":969},[45,86726,86435],{"class":124},[45,86728,109],{"class":59},[45,86730,64],{"class":63},[45,86732,86733],{"class":67},"notes.txt",[45,86735,64],{"class":63},[45,86737,73],{"class":59},[45,86739,76],{"class":63},[45,86741,60482],{"class":67},[45,86743,64],{"class":63},[45,86745,73],{"class":59},[45,86747,86457],{"class":9161},[45,86749,56],{"class":55},[45,86751,64],{"class":63},[45,86753,86464],{"class":67},[45,86755,64],{"class":63},[45,86757,3654],{"class":59},[45,86759,47339],{"class":969},[45,86761,86474],{"class":86473},[45,86763,1213],{"class":59},[45,86765,86766,86769,86771,86773,86775,86777],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,86767,86768],{"class":51},"    text ",[45,86770,56],{"class":55},[45,86772,86474],{"class":86473},[45,86774,102],{"class":59},[45,86776,86490],{"class":105},[45,86778,8627],{"class":59},[45,86780,86781,86783,86785,86787],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,86782,8055],{"class":124},[45,86784,109],{"class":59},[45,86786,34690],{"class":105},[45,86788,118],{"class":59},[14,86790,19943],{},[157,86792,86793,86799,86804],{},[160,86794,86795,86798],{},[18,86796,86797],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[160,86800,86801,86803],{},[18,86802,86511],{}," means open for reading",[160,86805,86806,86809],{},[18,86807,86808],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[31,86811,86813],{"id":86812},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,86815,86816],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[157,86818,86819,86824,86830,86835,86841,86847],{},[160,86820,86821,86823],{},[18,86822,86511],{}," = read a text file",[160,86825,86826,86829],{},[18,86827,86828],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[160,86831,86832,86834],{},[18,86833,18081],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[160,86836,86837,86840],{},[18,86838,86839],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[160,86842,86843,86846],{},[18,86844,86845],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[160,86848,86849,86852],{},[18,86850,86851],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,86854,2120],{},[36,86856,86858],{"className":38,"code":86857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,86859,86860,86865,86908],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86861,86862],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86863,86864],{"class":137},"# Read a text file\n",[45,86866,86867,86869,86871,86873,86875,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894,86896,86898,86900,86902,86904,86906],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,86868,86432],{"class":969},[45,86870,86435],{"class":124},[45,86872,109],{"class":59},[45,86874,64],{"class":63},[45,86876,86877],{"class":67},"data.txt",[45,86879,64],{"class":63},[45,86881,73],{"class":59},[45,86883,76],{"class":63},[45,86885,60482],{"class":67},[45,86887,64],{"class":63},[45,86889,73],{"class":59},[45,86891,86457],{"class":9161},[45,86893,56],{"class":55},[45,86895,64],{"class":63},[45,86897,86464],{"class":67},[45,86899,64],{"class":63},[45,86901,3654],{"class":59},[45,86903,47339],{"class":969},[45,86905,86474],{"class":86473},[45,86907,1213],{"class":59},[45,86909,86910,86912,86914,86916,86918,86920],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,86911,8055],{"class":124},[45,86913,109],{"class":59},[45,86915,86580],{"class":86473},[45,86917,102],{"class":59},[45,86919,86490],{"class":105},[45,86921,7181],{"class":59},[36,86923,86925],{"className":38,"code":86924,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[18,86926,86927,86932,86974],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86928,86929],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86930,86931],{"class":137},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[45,86933,86934,86936,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946,86948,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970,86972],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,86935,86432],{"class":969},[45,86937,86435],{"class":124},[45,86939,109],{"class":59},[45,86941,64],{"class":63},[45,86943,86877],{"class":67},[45,86945,64],{"class":63},[45,86947,73],{"class":59},[45,86949,76],{"class":63},[45,86951,60465],{"class":67},[45,86953,64],{"class":63},[45,86955,73],{"class":59},[45,86957,86457],{"class":9161},[45,86959,56],{"class":55},[45,86961,64],{"class":63},[45,86963,86464],{"class":67},[45,86965,64],{"class":63},[45,86967,3654],{"class":59},[45,86969,47339],{"class":969},[45,86971,86474],{"class":86473},[45,86973,1213],{"class":59},[45,86975,86976,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987,86989,86992,86994],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,86977,86978],{"class":86473},"    file",[45,86980,102],{"class":59},[45,86982,70166],{"class":105},[45,86984,109],{"class":59},[45,86986,64],{"class":63},[45,86988,34848],{"class":67},[45,86990,86991],{"class":34434},"\\n",[45,86993,64],{"class":63},[45,86995,118],{"class":59},[36,86997,86999],{"className":38,"code":86998,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[18,87000,87001,87006,87048],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87002,87003],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87004,87005],{"class":137},"# Append to a text file\n",[45,87007,87008,87010,87012,87014,87016,87018,87020,87022,87024,87026,87028,87030,87032,87034,87036,87038,87040,87042,87044,87046],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,87009,86432],{"class":969},[45,87011,86435],{"class":124},[45,87013,109],{"class":59},[45,87015,64],{"class":63},[45,87017,86877],{"class":67},[45,87019,64],{"class":63},[45,87021,73],{"class":59},[45,87023,76],{"class":63},[45,87025,364],{"class":67},[45,87027,64],{"class":63},[45,87029,73],{"class":59},[45,87031,86457],{"class":9161},[45,87033,56],{"class":55},[45,87035,64],{"class":63},[45,87037,86464],{"class":67},[45,87039,64],{"class":63},[45,87041,3654],{"class":59},[45,87043,47339],{"class":969},[45,87045,86474],{"class":86473},[45,87047,1213],{"class":59},[45,87049,87050,87052,87054,87056,87058,87060,87063,87065,87067],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87051,86978],{"class":86473},[45,87053,102],{"class":59},[45,87055,70166],{"class":105},[45,87057,109],{"class":59},[45,87059,64],{"class":63},[45,87061,87062],{"class":67},"Another line",[45,87064,86991],{"class":34434},[45,87066,64],{"class":63},[45,87068,118],{"class":59},[14,87070,69318,87071,87073],{},[18,87072,86828],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[31,87075,87077],{"id":87076},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,87079,87080,21959,87082,102],{},[18,87081,86413],{},[26,87083,86538],{},[14,87085,87086],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[157,87088,87089,87094,87099],{},[160,87090,87091],{},[18,87092,87093],{},"file.read()",[160,87095,87096],{},[18,87097,87098],{},"file.write()",[160,87100,87101],{},[18,87102,87103],{},"file.close()",[14,87105,87106],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87108,345],{},[36,87110,87112],{"className":38,"code":87111,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[18,87113,87114,87156],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87115,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124,87126,87128,87130,87132,87134,87136,87138,87140,87142,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87117,86432],{"class":969},[45,87119,86435],{"class":124},[45,87121,109],{"class":59},[45,87123,64],{"class":63},[45,87125,86442],{"class":67},[45,87127,64],{"class":63},[45,87129,73],{"class":59},[45,87131,76],{"class":63},[45,87133,60482],{"class":67},[45,87135,64],{"class":63},[45,87137,73],{"class":59},[45,87139,86457],{"class":9161},[45,87141,56],{"class":55},[45,87143,64],{"class":63},[45,87145,86464],{"class":67},[45,87147,64],{"class":63},[45,87149,3654],{"class":59},[45,87151,47339],{"class":969},[45,87153,86474],{"class":86473},[45,87155,1213],{"class":59},[45,87157,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,87159,8055],{"class":124},[45,87161,109],{"class":59},[45,87163,1811],{"class":315},[45,87165,109],{"class":59},[45,87167,86580],{"class":86473},[45,87169,1802],{"class":59},[14,87171,30010],{},[36,87173,87175],{"className":38,"code":87174,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[18,87176,87177],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87178,87179,87181,87183,87185,87188,87190],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87180,3284],{"class":55},[45,87182,3287],{"class":2059},[45,87184,438],{"class":63},[45,87186,87187],{"class":67},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[45,87189,429],{"class":63},[45,87191,3296],{"class":55},[14,87193,87194,87195,87197],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[18,87196,86413],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[31,87199,87201],{"id":87200},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87203,87204],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[36,87206,87207],{"className":38,"code":86425,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,87208,87209,87251,87265],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87210,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241,87243,87245,87247,87249],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87212,86432],{"class":969},[45,87214,86435],{"class":124},[45,87216,109],{"class":59},[45,87218,64],{"class":63},[45,87220,86442],{"class":67},[45,87222,64],{"class":63},[45,87224,73],{"class":59},[45,87226,76],{"class":63},[45,87228,60482],{"class":67},[45,87230,64],{"class":63},[45,87232,73],{"class":59},[45,87234,86457],{"class":9161},[45,87236,56],{"class":55},[45,87238,64],{"class":63},[45,87240,86464],{"class":67},[45,87242,64],{"class":63},[45,87244,3654],{"class":59},[45,87246,47339],{"class":969},[45,87248,86474],{"class":86473},[45,87250,1213],{"class":59},[45,87252,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,87254,86481],{"class":51},[45,87256,56],{"class":55},[45,87258,86474],{"class":86473},[45,87260,102],{"class":59},[45,87262,86490],{"class":105},[45,87264,8627],{"class":59},[45,87266,87267,87269,87271,87273],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87268,8055],{"class":124},[45,87270,109],{"class":59},[45,87272,86501],{"class":105},[45,87274,118],{"class":59},[14,87276,87277],{},"Why this is recommended:",[157,87279,87280,87285,87291,87294],{},[160,87281,87282,87284],{},[18,87283,86432],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[160,87286,87287,87288,87290],{},"It is safer than calling ",[18,87289,86568],{}," yourself",[160,87292,87293],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[160,87295,87296],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87298,83590,87299,87301],{},[18,87300,86432],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[36,87303,87304],{"className":38,"code":86573,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,87305,87306,87344,87358,87368],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87307,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87309,86580],{"class":86473},[45,87311,13261],{"class":55},[45,87313,86435],{"class":124},[45,87315,109],{"class":59},[45,87317,64],{"class":63},[45,87319,86442],{"class":67},[45,87321,64],{"class":63},[45,87323,73],{"class":59},[45,87325,76],{"class":63},[45,87327,60482],{"class":67},[45,87329,64],{"class":63},[45,87331,73],{"class":59},[45,87333,86457],{"class":9161},[45,87335,56],{"class":55},[45,87337,64],{"class":63},[45,87339,86464],{"class":67},[45,87341,64],{"class":63},[45,87343,118],{"class":59},[45,87345,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,87347,86619],{"class":51},[45,87349,56],{"class":55},[45,87351,86474],{"class":86473},[45,87353,102],{"class":59},[45,87355,86490],{"class":105},[45,87357,8627],{"class":59},[45,87359,87360,87362,87364,87366],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87361,125],{"class":124},[45,87363,109],{"class":59},[45,87365,86501],{"class":105},[45,87367,118],{"class":59},[45,87369,87370,87372,87374,87376],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,87371,86580],{"class":86473},[45,87373,102],{"class":59},[45,87375,86648],{"class":105},[45,87377,8627],{"class":59},[14,87379,87380],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[31,87382,87384],{"id":87383},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87386,87387,87388,87390],{},"Use mode ",[18,87389,86511],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1864,87392,87394],{"id":87393},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87396,87397,87399],{},[18,87398,86548],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[36,87401,87402],{"className":38,"code":86425,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,87403,87404,87446,87460],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87405,87406,87408,87410,87412,87414,87416,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87407,86432],{"class":969},[45,87409,86435],{"class":124},[45,87411,109],{"class":59},[45,87413,64],{"class":63},[45,87415,86442],{"class":67},[45,87417,64],{"class":63},[45,87419,73],{"class":59},[45,87421,76],{"class":63},[45,87423,60482],{"class":67},[45,87425,64],{"class":63},[45,87427,73],{"class":59},[45,87429,86457],{"class":9161},[45,87431,56],{"class":55},[45,87433,64],{"class":63},[45,87435,86464],{"class":67},[45,87437,64],{"class":63},[45,87439,3654],{"class":59},[45,87441,47339],{"class":969},[45,87443,86474],{"class":86473},[45,87445,1213],{"class":59},[45,87447,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,87449,86481],{"class":51},[45,87451,56],{"class":55},[45,87453,86474],{"class":86473},[45,87455,102],{"class":59},[45,87457,86490],{"class":105},[45,87459,8627],{"class":59},[45,87461,87462,87464,87466,87468],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87463,8055],{"class":124},[45,87465,109],{"class":59},[45,87467,86501],{"class":105},[45,87469,118],{"class":59},[1864,87471,87473],{"id":87472},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87475,87476,87478],{},[18,87477,86553],{}," reads one line at a time.",[36,87480,87482],{"className":38,"code":87481,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[18,87483,87484,87526,87542],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87485,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494,87496,87498,87500,87502,87504,87506,87508,87510,87512,87514,87516,87518,87520,87522,87524],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87487,86432],{"class":969},[45,87489,86435],{"class":124},[45,87491,109],{"class":59},[45,87493,64],{"class":63},[45,87495,86442],{"class":67},[45,87497,64],{"class":63},[45,87499,73],{"class":59},[45,87501,76],{"class":63},[45,87503,60482],{"class":67},[45,87505,64],{"class":63},[45,87507,73],{"class":59},[45,87509,86457],{"class":9161},[45,87511,56],{"class":55},[45,87513,64],{"class":63},[45,87515,86464],{"class":67},[45,87517,64],{"class":63},[45,87519,3654],{"class":59},[45,87521,47339],{"class":969},[45,87523,86474],{"class":86473},[45,87525,1213],{"class":59},[45,87527,87528,87531,87533,87535,87537,87540],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,87529,87530],{"class":51},"    first_line ",[45,87532,56],{"class":55},[45,87534,86474],{"class":86473},[45,87536,102],{"class":59},[45,87538,87539],{"class":105},"readline",[45,87541,8627],{"class":59},[45,87543,87544,87546,87548,87551],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87545,8055],{"class":124},[45,87547,109],{"class":59},[45,87549,87550],{"class":105},"first_line",[45,87552,118],{"class":59},[1864,87554,87556],{"id":87555},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87558,87559],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[36,87561,87563],{"className":38,"code":87562,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[18,87564,87565,87607,87621],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87566,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87568,86432],{"class":969},[45,87570,86435],{"class":124},[45,87572,109],{"class":59},[45,87574,64],{"class":63},[45,87576,86442],{"class":67},[45,87578,64],{"class":63},[45,87580,73],{"class":59},[45,87582,76],{"class":63},[45,87584,60482],{"class":67},[45,87586,64],{"class":63},[45,87588,73],{"class":59},[45,87590,86457],{"class":9161},[45,87592,56],{"class":55},[45,87594,64],{"class":63},[45,87596,86464],{"class":67},[45,87598,64],{"class":63},[45,87600,3654],{"class":59},[45,87602,47339],{"class":969},[45,87604,86474],{"class":86473},[45,87606,1213],{"class":59},[45,87608,87609,87612,87615,87617,87619],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,87610,87611],{"class":969},"    for",[45,87613,87614],{"class":51}," line ",[45,87616,976],{"class":969},[45,87618,86474],{"class":86473},[45,87620,1213],{"class":59},[45,87622,87623,87625,87627,87629,87631,87633],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87624,47319],{"class":124},[45,87626,109],{"class":59},[45,87628,47],{"class":105},[45,87630,102],{"class":59},[45,87632,8618],{"class":105},[45,87634,7181],{"class":59},[14,87636,87637,87638,1742,87642,102],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[364,87639,87641],{"href":87640},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[364,87643,87645],{"href":87644},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[31,87647,87649],{"id":87648},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87651,141,87652,87654],{},[18,87653,86828],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[36,87656,87658],{"className":38,"code":87657,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[18,87659,87660,87703,87724],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87661,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87663,86432],{"class":969},[45,87665,86435],{"class":124},[45,87667,109],{"class":59},[45,87669,64],{"class":63},[45,87671,87672],{"class":67},"output.txt",[45,87674,64],{"class":63},[45,87676,73],{"class":59},[45,87678,76],{"class":63},[45,87680,60465],{"class":67},[45,87682,64],{"class":63},[45,87684,73],{"class":59},[45,87686,86457],{"class":9161},[45,87688,56],{"class":55},[45,87690,64],{"class":63},[45,87692,86464],{"class":67},[45,87694,64],{"class":63},[45,87696,3654],{"class":59},[45,87698,47339],{"class":969},[45,87700,86474],{"class":86473},[45,87702,1213],{"class":59},[45,87704,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87718,87720,87722],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,87706,86978],{"class":86473},[45,87708,102],{"class":59},[45,87710,70166],{"class":105},[45,87712,109],{"class":59},[45,87714,64],{"class":63},[45,87716,87717],{"class":67},"First line",[45,87719,86991],{"class":34434},[45,87721,64],{"class":63},[45,87723,118],{"class":59},[45,87725,87726,87728,87730,87732,87734,87736,87739,87741,87743],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87727,86978],{"class":86473},[45,87729,102],{"class":59},[45,87731,70166],{"class":105},[45,87733,109],{"class":59},[45,87735,64],{"class":63},[45,87737,87738],{"class":67},"Second line",[45,87740,86991],{"class":34434},[45,87742,64],{"class":63},[45,87744,118],{"class":59},[14,87746,141,87747,87749],{},[18,87748,18081],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[36,87751,87753],{"className":38,"code":87752,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[18,87754,87755,87797],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87756,87757,87759,87761,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783,87785,87787,87789,87791,87793,87795],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87758,86432],{"class":969},[45,87760,86435],{"class":124},[45,87762,109],{"class":59},[45,87764,64],{"class":63},[45,87766,87672],{"class":67},[45,87768,64],{"class":63},[45,87770,73],{"class":59},[45,87772,76],{"class":63},[45,87774,364],{"class":67},[45,87776,64],{"class":63},[45,87778,73],{"class":59},[45,87780,86457],{"class":9161},[45,87782,56],{"class":55},[45,87784,64],{"class":63},[45,87786,86464],{"class":67},[45,87788,64],{"class":63},[45,87790,3654],{"class":59},[45,87792,47339],{"class":969},[45,87794,86474],{"class":86473},[45,87796,1213],{"class":59},[45,87798,87799,87801,87803,87805,87807,87809,87812,87814,87816],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,87800,86978],{"class":86473},[45,87802,102],{"class":59},[45,87804,70166],{"class":105},[45,87806,109],{"class":59},[45,87808,64],{"class":63},[45,87810,87811],{"class":67},"Third line",[45,87813,86991],{"class":34434},[45,87815,64],{"class":63},[45,87817,118],{"class":59},[14,87819,87820],{},"Important detail:",[157,87822,87823,87828,87835],{},[160,87824,87825,87827],{},[18,87826,86563],{}," writes a string",[160,87829,87830,14039,87832,87834],{},[18,87831,86563],{},[26,87833,178],{}," add a newline for you",[160,87836,87837,87838,87290],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[18,87839,86991],{},[14,87841,87842,87843,1742,87847,102],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[364,87844,87846],{"href":87845},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[364,87848,87850],{"href":87849},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[31,87852,87854],{"id":87853},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,87856,87857],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1864,87859,87861],{"id":87860},"encodingutf-8",[18,87862,86808],{},[14,87864,87865],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[36,87867,87869],{"className":38,"code":87868,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87870,87871,87914],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87872,87873,87875,87877,87879,87881,87884,87886,87888,87890,87892,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87874,86432],{"class":969},[45,87876,86435],{"class":124},[45,87878,109],{"class":59},[45,87880,64],{"class":63},[45,87882,87883],{"class":67},"message.txt",[45,87885,64],{"class":63},[45,87887,73],{"class":59},[45,87889,76],{"class":63},[45,87891,60482],{"class":67},[45,87893,64],{"class":63},[45,87895,73],{"class":59},[45,87897,86457],{"class":9161},[45,87899,56],{"class":55},[45,87901,64],{"class":63},[45,87903,86464],{"class":67},[45,87905,64],{"class":63},[45,87907,3654],{"class":59},[45,87909,47339],{"class":969},[45,87911,86474],{"class":86473},[45,87913,1213],{"class":59},[45,87915,87916,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,87917,8055],{"class":124},[45,87919,109],{"class":59},[45,87921,86580],{"class":86473},[45,87923,102],{"class":59},[45,87925,86490],{"class":105},[45,87927,7181],{"class":59},[14,87929,87930],{},"Why it matters:",[157,87932,87933,87936,87939],{},[160,87934,87935],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[160,87937,87938],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[160,87940,87941],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1864,87943,87945],{"id":87944},"newline",[18,87946,87944],{},[14,87948,87949],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,87951,87952],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1864,87954,87956],{"id":87955},"buffering",[18,87957,87955],{},[14,87959,87960],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,87962,87963],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[31,87965,87967],{"id":87966},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,87969,87970],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1864,87972,87974],{"id":87973},"filenotfounderror",[18,87975,87976],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,87978,87979],{},"This happens when:",[157,87981,87982,87985,87988],{},[160,87983,87984],{},"the file does not exist",[160,87986,87987],{},"the path is wrong",[160,87989,87990],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,87992,345],{},[36,87994,87996],{"className":38,"code":87995,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87997,87998,88041],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87999,88000,88002,88004,88006,88008,88011,88013,88015,88017,88019,88021,88023,88025,88027,88029,88031,88033,88035,88037,88039],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88001,86432],{"class":969},[45,88003,86435],{"class":124},[45,88005,109],{"class":59},[45,88007,64],{"class":63},[45,88009,88010],{"class":67},"missing.txt",[45,88012,64],{"class":63},[45,88014,73],{"class":59},[45,88016,76],{"class":63},[45,88018,60482],{"class":67},[45,88020,64],{"class":63},[45,88022,73],{"class":59},[45,88024,86457],{"class":9161},[45,88026,56],{"class":55},[45,88028,64],{"class":63},[45,88030,86464],{"class":67},[45,88032,64],{"class":63},[45,88034,3654],{"class":59},[45,88036,47339],{"class":969},[45,88038,86474],{"class":86473},[45,88040,1213],{"class":59},[45,88042,88043,88045,88047,88049,88051,88053],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,88044,8055],{"class":124},[45,88046,109],{"class":59},[45,88048,86580],{"class":86473},[45,88050,102],{"class":59},[45,88052,86490],{"class":105},[45,88054,7181],{"class":59},[14,88056,88057,88058,1301,88066,102],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[364,88059,88061,88062,88065],{"href":88060},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[45,88063,88064],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[364,88067,88069],{"href":88068},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1864,88071,88073],{"id":88072},"permissionerror",[18,88074,88075],{},"PermissionError",[14,88077,88078],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,88080,88081],{},"Example causes:",[157,88083,88084,88087,88090],{},[160,88085,88086],{},"the file is protected",[160,88088,88089],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[160,88091,88092],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88094,88095,88096],{},"Related page: ",[364,88097,88099,88100,88103],{"href":88098},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[45,88101,88102],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1864,88105,88107],{"id":88106},"isadirectoryerror",[18,88108,88109],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88111,88112],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88114,345],{},[36,88116,88118],{"className":38,"code":88117,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88119,88120,88163],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88121,88122,88124,88126,88128,88130,88133,88135,88137,88139,88141,88143,88145,88147,88149,88151,88153,88155,88157,88159,88161],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88123,86432],{"class":969},[45,88125,86435],{"class":124},[45,88127,109],{"class":59},[45,88129,64],{"class":63},[45,88131,88132],{"class":67},"my_folder",[45,88134,64],{"class":63},[45,88136,73],{"class":59},[45,88138,76],{"class":63},[45,88140,60482],{"class":67},[45,88142,64],{"class":63},[45,88144,73],{"class":59},[45,88146,86457],{"class":9161},[45,88148,56],{"class":55},[45,88150,64],{"class":63},[45,88152,86464],{"class":67},[45,88154,64],{"class":63},[45,88156,3654],{"class":59},[45,88158,47339],{"class":969},[45,88160,86474],{"class":86473},[45,88162,1213],{"class":59},[45,88164,88165,88167,88169,88171,88173,88175],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,88166,8055],{"class":124},[45,88168,109],{"class":59},[45,88170,86580],{"class":86473},[45,88172,102],{"class":59},[45,88174,86490],{"class":105},[45,88176,7181],{"class":59},[14,88178,88095,88179],{},[364,88180,88182,88183,88186],{"href":88181},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[45,88184,88185],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1864,88188,88190],{"id":88189},"unicodedecodeerror",[18,88191,88192],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88194,88195,88196,102],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[18,88197,86413],{},[14,88199,88095,88200],{},[364,88201,88203],{"href":88202},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[31,88205,88207],{"id":88206},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88209,88210,88211,88213],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[18,88212,86413],{}," function.",[14,88215,88216],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[157,88218,88219,88222,88225,88231],{},[160,88220,88221],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[160,88223,88224],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[160,88226,88227,88228,88230],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[18,88229,86413],{}," itself",[160,88232,88233,88234],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[364,88235,88237],{"href":88236},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[31,88239,1709],{"id":1708},[14,88241,88242,88243,1111],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,88244,86413],{},[157,88246,88247,88252,88258,88263,88266,88269],{},[160,88248,1736,88249,88251],{},[18,88250,86511],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[160,88253,88254,88255,88257],{},"Forgetting to use ",[18,88256,86712],{}," for text files",[160,88259,1736,88260,88262],{},[18,88261,86828],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[160,88264,88265],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[160,88267,88268],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[160,88270,88271],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88273,88274],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[36,88276,88278],{"className":38,"code":88277,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[18,88279,88280,88287],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88281,88282,88284],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88283,35072],{"class":969},[45,88285,88286],{"class":51}," os\n",[45,88288,88289,88291,88293,88295,88297,88300],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,88290,125],{"class":124},[45,88292,109],{"class":59},[45,88294,42607],{"class":105},[45,88296,102],{"class":59},[45,88298,88299],{"class":105},"getcwd",[45,88301,7181],{"class":59},[14,88303,88304],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[36,88306,88308],{"className":38,"code":88307,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88309,88310,88316],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88311,88312,88314],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88313,35072],{"class":969},[45,88315,88286],{"class":51},[45,88317,88318,88320,88322,88324,88326,88329,88331,88334,88336,88338,88340,88342],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,88319,125],{"class":124},[45,88321,109],{"class":59},[45,88323,42607],{"class":105},[45,88325,102],{"class":59},[45,88327,88328],{"class":1831},"path",[45,88330,102],{"class":59},[45,88332,88333],{"class":105},"exists",[45,88335,109],{"class":59},[45,88337,64],{"class":63},[45,88339,86442],{"class":67},[45,88341,64],{"class":63},[45,88343,1802],{"class":59},[14,88345,88346],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[36,88348,88350],{"className":38,"code":88349,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88351,88352,88358],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88353,88354,88356],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88355,35072],{"class":969},[45,88357,88286],{"class":51},[45,88359,88360,88362,88364,88366,88368,88370,88372,88375,88377,88379,88381,88383],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,88361,125],{"class":124},[45,88363,109],{"class":59},[45,88365,42607],{"class":105},[45,88367,102],{"class":59},[45,88369,88328],{"class":1831},[45,88371,102],{"class":59},[45,88373,88374],{"class":105},"isfile",[45,88376,109],{"class":59},[45,88378,64],{"class":63},[45,88380,86442],{"class":67},[45,88382,64],{"class":63},[45,88384,1802],{"class":59},[14,88386,88387],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[36,88389,88391],{"className":38,"code":88390,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88392,88393,88435],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88394,88395,88397,88399,88401,88403,88405,88407,88409,88411,88413,88415,88417,88419,88421,88423,88425,88427,88429,88431,88433],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88396,86432],{"class":969},[45,88398,86435],{"class":124},[45,88400,109],{"class":59},[45,88402,64],{"class":63},[45,88404,86442],{"class":67},[45,88406,64],{"class":63},[45,88408,73],{"class":59},[45,88410,76],{"class":63},[45,88412,60482],{"class":67},[45,88414,64],{"class":63},[45,88416,73],{"class":59},[45,88418,86457],{"class":9161},[45,88420,56],{"class":55},[45,88422,64],{"class":63},[45,88424,86464],{"class":67},[45,88426,64],{"class":63},[45,88428,3654],{"class":59},[45,88430,47339],{"class":969},[45,88432,86474],{"class":86473},[45,88434,1213],{"class":59},[45,88436,88437,88439,88441,88443,88445,88447],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,88438,8055],{"class":124},[45,88440,109],{"class":59},[45,88442,86580],{"class":86473},[45,88444,102],{"class":59},[45,88446,86490],{"class":105},[45,88448,7181],{"class":59},[14,88450,88451],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[31,88453,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,88455,88457],{"id":88456},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88459,88460],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1864,88462,88464],{"id":88463},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88466,88467,88468,88470],{},"Use it inside a ",[18,88469,86432],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1864,88472,5170,88474,1301,88476,88478],{"id":88473},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[18,88475,86828],{},[18,88477,18081],{}," mode?",[14,88480,88481,88483,88484,88486],{},[18,88482,86828],{}," overwrites the file. ",[18,88485,18081],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1864,88488,88490],{"id":88489},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88492,88493],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1864,88495,88497],{"id":88496},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88499,88500,88501,88503],{},"It is a good habit. ",[18,88502,86808],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[31,88505,1909],{"id":1908},[157,88507,88508,88512,88516,88520,88524,88528,88532,88538],{},[160,88509,88510],{},[364,88511,87641],{"href":87640},[160,88513,88514],{},[364,88515,87846],{"href":87845},[160,88517,88518],{},[364,88519,87850],{"href":87849},[160,88521,88522],{},[364,88523,87645],{"href":87644},[160,88525,88526],{},[364,88527,88237],{"href":88236},[160,88529,88530],{},[364,88531,88069],{"href":88068},[160,88533,88534],{},[364,88535,88061,88536,88065],{"href":88060},[45,88537,88064],{},[160,88539,88540],{},[364,88541,88099,88542,88103],{"href":88098},[45,88543,88102],{},[1936,88545,88546],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":88548},[88549,88550,88551,88552,88553,88554,88555,88560,88561,88566,88572,88573,88574,88582],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":86515,"depth":96,"text":86516},{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":86812,"depth":96,"text":86813},{"id":87076,"depth":96,"text":87077},{"id":87200,"depth":96,"text":87201},{"id":87383,"depth":96,"text":87384,"children":88556},[88557,88558,88559],{"id":87393,"depth":121,"text":87394},{"id":87472,"depth":121,"text":87473},{"id":87555,"depth":121,"text":87556},{"id":87648,"depth":96,"text":87649},{"id":87853,"depth":96,"text":87854,"children":88562},[88563,88564,88565],{"id":87860,"depth":121,"text":86808},{"id":87944,"depth":121,"text":87944},{"id":87955,"depth":121,"text":87955},{"id":87966,"depth":96,"text":87967,"children":88567},[88568,88569,88570,88571],{"id":87973,"depth":121,"text":87976},{"id":88072,"depth":121,"text":88075},{"id":88106,"depth":121,"text":88109},{"id":88189,"depth":121,"text":88192},{"id":88206,"depth":96,"text":88207},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":88575},[88576,88577,88578,88580,88581],{"id":88456,"depth":121,"text":88457},{"id":88463,"depth":121,"text":88464},{"id":88473,"depth":121,"text":88579},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88489,"depth":121,"text":88490},{"id":88496,"depth":121,"text":88497},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86403,"description":88583},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88590,"title":88591,"body":88592,"description":90587,"extension":1958,"meta":90588,"navigation":241,"path":90589,"seo":90590,"stem":90591,"__hash__":90592},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88593,"toc":90534},[88594,88599,88604,88610,88612,88680,88682,88701,88706,88711,88716,88719,88731,88733,88776,88778,88796,88807,88809,88811,88836,88838,88849,88851,88911,88913,88939,88942,88946,88951,88955,88958,88992,88996,88999,89024,89028,89051,89055,89088,89093,89097,89102,89105,89173,89175,89199,89204,89207,89238,89240,89272,89289,89293,89298,89322,89329,89334,89339,89342,89346,89381,89383,89392,89396,89487,89489,89520,89525,89532,89537,89546,89549,89583,89585,89599,89603,89644,89646,89655,89659,89707,89709,89723,89728,89739,89746,89752,89754,89789,89791,89805,89808,89830,89836,89865,89876,89882,89888,89902,89904,89983,89985,90035,90042,90044,90049,90053,90056,90071,90076,90078,90097,90103,90106,90121,90123,90141,90147,90152,90182,90185,90208,90211,90238,90245,90251,90259,90282,90287,90295,90297,90317,90321,90327,90377,90380,90402,90404,90410,90418,90424,90430,90438,90443,90447,90450,90473,90478,90485,90497,90499,90531],[10,88595,3569,88597,3573],{"id":88596},"python-print-function-explained",[18,88598,46433],{},[14,88600,32298,88601,88603],{},[18,88602,46433],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88605,88606,88607,88609],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[18,88608,46433],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[31,88611,34],{"id":33},[36,88613,88615],{"className":38,"code":88614,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[18,88616,88617,88629,88638,88642,88652,88662],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88618,88619,88621,88623,88625,88627],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88620,7862],{"class":51},[45,88622,56],{"class":55},[45,88624,76],{"class":63},[45,88626,7907],{"class":67},[45,88628,1194],{"class":63},[45,88630,88631,88633,88635],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,88632,21612],{"class":51},[45,88634,56],{"class":55},[45,88636,88637],{"class":202}," 12\n",[45,88639,88640],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88641,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,88643,88644,88646,88648,88650],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,88645,125],{"class":124},[45,88647,109],{"class":59},[45,88649,7656],{"class":105},[45,88651,118],{"class":59},[45,88653,88654,88656,88658,88660],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,88655,125],{"class":124},[45,88657,109],{"class":59},[45,88659,9285],{"class":105},[45,88661,118],{"class":59},[45,88663,88664,88666,88668,88670,88672,88674,88676,88678],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,88665,125],{"class":124},[45,88667,109],{"class":59},[45,88669,64],{"class":63},[45,88671,34848],{"class":67},[45,88673,64],{"class":63},[45,88675,73],{"class":59},[45,88677,35973],{"class":105},[45,88679,118],{"class":59},[14,88681,268],{},[36,88683,88685],{"className":38,"code":88684,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[18,88686,88687,88692,88696],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88688,88689],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88690,88691],{"class":51},"Mia\n",[45,88693,88694],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,88695,2221],{"class":202},[45,88697,88698],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88699,88700],{"class":51},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88702,141,88703,88705],{},[18,88704,46433],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[31,88707,3671,88709,3674],{"id":88708},"what-print-does",[18,88710,46433],{},[14,88712,88713,88715],{},[18,88714,46433],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88717,88718],{},"You can use it to display:",[157,88720,88721,88723,88725,88728],{},[160,88722,34690],{},[160,88724,251],{},[160,88726,88727],{},"variables",[160,88729,88730],{},"expressions",[14,88732,345],{},[36,88734,88736],{"className":38,"code":88735,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[18,88737,88738,88752,88762],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88739,88740,88742,88744,88746,88748,88750],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88741,125],{"class":124},[45,88743,109],{"class":59},[45,88745,64],{"class":63},[45,88747,34848],{"class":67},[45,88749,64],{"class":63},[45,88751,118],{"class":59},[45,88753,88754,88756,88758,88760],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,88755,125],{"class":124},[45,88757,109],{"class":59},[45,88759,2131],{"class":202},[45,88761,118],{"class":59},[45,88763,88764,88766,88768,88770,88772,88774],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88765,125],{"class":124},[45,88767,109],{"class":59},[45,88769,234],{"class":202},[45,88771,2447],{"class":55},[45,88773,213],{"class":202},[45,88775,118],{"class":59},[14,88777,268],{},[36,88779,88781],{"className":38,"code":88780,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[18,88782,88783,88788,88792],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88784,88785],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88786,88787],{"class":51},"Hello\n",[45,88789,88790],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,88791,2940],{"class":202},[45,88793,88794],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88795,2940],{"class":202},[14,88797,88798,88799,88801,88802,88806],{},"A very important detail is that ",[18,88800,46433],{}," ",[26,88803,3686,88804],{},[18,88805,301],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[31,88808,2153],{"id":2152},[14,88810,30706],{},[36,88812,88814],{"className":38,"code":88813,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[18,88815,88816],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88817,88818,88820,88822,88825,88827,88830,88832,88834],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88819,125],{"class":124},[45,88821,109],{"class":59},[45,88823,88824],{"class":105},"object1",[45,88826,73],{"class":59},[45,88828,88829],{"class":105}," object2",[45,88831,73],{"class":59},[45,88833,34435],{"class":124},[45,88835,118],{"class":59},[14,88837,80041],{},[157,88839,88840,88843,88846],{},[160,88841,88842],{},"one value",[160,88844,88845],{},"many values",[160,88847,88848],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,88850,345],{},[36,88852,88854],{"className":38,"code":88853,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[18,88855,88856,88870,88889],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88857,88858,88860,88862,88864,88866,88868],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88859,125],{"class":124},[45,88861,109],{"class":59},[45,88863,64],{"class":63},[45,88865,57746],{"class":67},[45,88867,64],{"class":63},[45,88869,118],{"class":59},[45,88871,88872,88874,88876,88878,88881,88883,88885,88887],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,88873,125],{"class":124},[45,88875,109],{"class":59},[45,88877,64],{"class":63},[45,88879,88880],{"class":67},"Score:",[45,88882,64],{"class":63},[45,88884,73],{"class":59},[45,88886,5991],{"class":202},[45,88888,118],{"class":59},[45,88890,88891,88893,88895,88897,88899,88901,88903,88905,88907,88909],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88892,125],{"class":124},[45,88894,109],{"class":59},[45,88896,64],{"class":63},[45,88898,45545],{"class":67},[45,88900,64],{"class":63},[45,88902,73],{"class":59},[45,88904,2450],{"class":202},[45,88906,2447],{"class":55},[45,88908,37624],{"class":202},[45,88910,118],{"class":59},[14,88912,268],{},[36,88914,88916],{"className":38,"code":88915,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[18,88917,88918,88922,88931],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88919,88920],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88921,85194],{"class":51},[45,88923,88924,88927,88929],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,88925,88926],{"class":51},"Score",[45,88928,1111],{"class":59},[45,88930,2581],{"class":202},[45,88932,88933,88935,88937],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88934,45585],{"class":51},[45,88936,1111],{"class":59},[45,88938,2581],{"class":202},[14,88940,88941],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[31,88943,88945],{"id":88944},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,88947,88948,88949,102],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[18,88950,46433],{},[1864,88952,88954],{"id":88953},"print-text","Print text",[14,88956,88957],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[36,88959,88961],{"className":38,"code":88960,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[18,88962,88963,88977],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88964,88965,88967,88969,88971,88973,88975],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88966,125],{"class":124},[45,88968,109],{"class":59},[45,88970,64],{"class":63},[45,88972,34848],{"class":67},[45,88974,64],{"class":63},[45,88976,118],{"class":59},[45,88978,88979,88981,88983,88985,88988,88990],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,88980,125],{"class":124},[45,88982,109],{"class":59},[45,88984,64],{"class":63},[45,88986,88987],{"class":67},"Python is fun",[45,88989,64],{"class":63},[45,88991,118],{"class":59},[1864,88993,88995],{"id":88994},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,88997,88998],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[36,89000,89002],{"className":38,"code":89001,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[18,89003,89004,89014],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89005,89006,89008,89010,89012],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89007,125],{"class":124},[45,89009,109],{"class":59},[45,89011,2131],{"class":202},[45,89013,118],{"class":59},[45,89015,89016,89018,89020,89022],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89017,125],{"class":124},[45,89019,109],{"class":59},[45,89021,40125],{"class":202},[45,89023,118],{"class":59},[1864,89025,89027],{"id":89026},"print-variables","Print variables",[36,89029,89031],{"className":38,"code":89030,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[18,89032,89033,89041],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89034,89035,89037,89039],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89036,5086],{"class":51},[45,89038,56],{"class":55},[45,89040,14116],{"class":202},[45,89042,89043,89045,89047,89049],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89044,125],{"class":124},[45,89046,109],{"class":59},[45,89048,85358],{"class":105},[45,89050,118],{"class":59},[1864,89052,89054],{"id":89053},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[36,89056,89058],{"className":38,"code":89057,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[18,89059,89060,89074],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89061,89062,89064,89066,89068,89070,89072],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89063,125],{"class":124},[45,89065,109],{"class":59},[45,89067,234],{"class":202},[45,89069,2447],{"class":55},[45,89071,213],{"class":202},[45,89073,118],{"class":59},[45,89075,89076,89078,89080,89082,89084,89086],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89077,125],{"class":124},[45,89079,109],{"class":59},[45,89081,585],{"class":202},[45,89083,82670],{"class":55},[45,89085,2450],{"class":202},[45,89087,118],{"class":59},[14,89089,89090,89091,102],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[364,89092,50958],{"href":50957},[31,89094,89096],{"id":89095},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89098,89099,89101],{},[18,89100,46433],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89103,89104],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[36,89106,89108],{"className":38,"code":89107,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89109,89110,89123,89131,89135,89154],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89111,89112,89114,89116,89118,89121],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89113,7862],{"class":51},[45,89115,56],{"class":55},[45,89117,76],{"class":63},[45,89119,89120],{"class":67},"Ava",[45,89122,1194],{"class":63},[45,89124,89125,89127,89129],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89126,21612],{"class":51},[45,89128,56],{"class":55},[45,89130,2581],{"class":202},[45,89132,89133],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89134,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,89136,89137,89139,89141,89143,89146,89148,89150,89152],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,89138,125],{"class":124},[45,89140,109],{"class":59},[45,89142,64],{"class":63},[45,89144,89145],{"class":67},"Name:",[45,89147,64],{"class":63},[45,89149,73],{"class":59},[45,89151,35973],{"class":105},[45,89153,118],{"class":59},[45,89155,89156,89158,89160,89162,89165,89167,89169,89171],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,89157,125],{"class":124},[45,89159,109],{"class":59},[45,89161,64],{"class":63},[45,89163,89164],{"class":67},"Age:",[45,89166,64],{"class":63},[45,89168,73],{"class":59},[45,89170,9174],{"class":105},[45,89172,118],{"class":59},[14,89174,268],{},[36,89176,89178],{"className":38,"code":89177,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[18,89179,89180,89190],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89181,89182,89185,89187],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89183,89184],{"class":51},"Name",[45,89186,1111],{"class":59},[45,89188,89189],{"class":51}," Ava\n",[45,89191,89192,89195,89197],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89193,89194],{"class":51},"Age",[45,89196,1111],{"class":59},[45,89198,2581],{"class":202},[14,89200,89201,89202,102],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[18,89203,2053],{},[14,89205,89206],{},"For example, this works:",[36,89208,89210],{"className":38,"code":89209,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89211,89212,89220],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89213,89214,89216,89218],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89215,21612],{"class":51},[45,89217,56],{"class":55},[45,89219,2581],{"class":202},[45,89221,89222,89224,89226,89228,89230,89232,89234,89236],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89223,125],{"class":124},[45,89225,109],{"class":59},[45,89227,64],{"class":63},[45,89229,89164],{"class":67},[45,89231,64],{"class":63},[45,89233,73],{"class":59},[45,89235,9174],{"class":105},[45,89237,118],{"class":59},[14,89239,36906],{},[36,89241,89243],{"className":38,"code":89242,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[18,89244,89245,89253],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89246,89247,89249,89251],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89248,21612],{"class":51},[45,89250,56],{"class":55},[45,89252,2581],{"class":202},[45,89254,89255,89257,89259,89261,89264,89266,89268,89270],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89256,125],{"class":124},[45,89258,109],{"class":59},[45,89260,64],{"class":63},[45,89262,89263],{"class":67},"Age: ",[45,89265,64],{"class":63},[45,89267,2447],{"class":55},[45,89269,9174],{"class":105},[45,89271,118],{"class":59},[14,89273,89274,89275,89278,89279,89281,89282,89284,89285,102],{},"That fails because ",[18,89276,89277],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[18,89280,9285],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[18,89283,2053],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[364,89286,89287],{"href":42156},[18,89288,47665],{},[31,89290,89292],{"id":89291},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89294,89295,89297],{},[18,89296,46433],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[157,89299,89300,89306,89311,89316],{},[160,89301,89302,89305],{},[18,89303,89304],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[160,89307,89308,89310],{},[18,89309,52643],{}," controls what is added after the output",[160,89312,89313,89315],{},[18,89314,86580],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[160,89317,89318,89321],{},[18,89319,89320],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89323,89324,89325,1301,89327,102],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[18,89326,89304],{},[18,89328,52643],{},[31,89330,89332,36596],{"id":89331},"sep-argument",[18,89333,89304],{},[14,89335,16,89336,89338],{},[18,89337,89304],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89340,89341],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1864,89343,89345],{"id":89344},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[36,89347,89349],{"className":38,"code":89348,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[18,89350,89351],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89352,89353,89355,89357,89359,89361,89363,89365,89367,89369,89371,89373,89375,89377,89379],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89354,125],{"class":124},[45,89356,109],{"class":59},[45,89358,64],{"class":63},[45,89360,470],{"class":67},[45,89362,64],{"class":63},[45,89364,73],{"class":59},[45,89366,76],{"class":63},[45,89368,488],{"class":67},[45,89370,64],{"class":63},[45,89372,73],{"class":59},[45,89374,76],{"class":63},[45,89376,479],{"class":67},[45,89378,64],{"class":63},[45,89380,118],{"class":59},[14,89382,268],{},[36,89384,89386],{"className":38,"code":89385,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"red green blue\n",[18,89387,89388],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89389,89390],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89391,89385],{"class":51},[1864,89393,89395],{"id":89394},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[36,89397,89399],{"className":38,"code":89398,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[18,89400,89401,89444],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89402,89403,89405,89407,89409,89411,89413,89415,89417,89419,89421,89423,89425,89427,89429,89431,89434,89436,89438,89440,89442],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89404,125],{"class":124},[45,89406,109],{"class":59},[45,89408,64],{"class":63},[45,89410,470],{"class":67},[45,89412,64],{"class":63},[45,89414,73],{"class":59},[45,89416,76],{"class":63},[45,89418,488],{"class":67},[45,89420,64],{"class":63},[45,89422,73],{"class":59},[45,89424,76],{"class":63},[45,89426,479],{"class":67},[45,89428,64],{"class":63},[45,89430,73],{"class":59},[45,89432,89433],{"class":9161}," sep",[45,89435,56],{"class":55},[45,89437,64],{"class":63},[45,89439,73],{"class":67},[45,89441,64],{"class":63},[45,89443,118],{"class":59},[45,89445,89446,89448,89450,89452,89454,89456,89458,89460,89462,89464,89466,89468,89470,89472,89474,89476,89478,89480,89483,89485],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89447,125],{"class":124},[45,89449,109],{"class":59},[45,89451,64],{"class":63},[45,89453,470],{"class":67},[45,89455,64],{"class":63},[45,89457,73],{"class":59},[45,89459,76],{"class":63},[45,89461,488],{"class":67},[45,89463,64],{"class":63},[45,89465,73],{"class":59},[45,89467,76],{"class":63},[45,89469,479],{"class":67},[45,89471,64],{"class":63},[45,89473,73],{"class":59},[45,89475,89433],{"class":9161},[45,89477,56],{"class":55},[45,89479,64],{"class":63},[45,89481,89482],{"class":67}," - ",[45,89484,64],{"class":63},[45,89486,118],{"class":59},[14,89488,268],{},[36,89490,89492],{"className":38,"code":89491,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[18,89493,89494,89506],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89495,89496,89498,89500,89502,89504],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89497,470],{"class":51},[45,89499,73],{"class":59},[45,89501,488],{"class":51},[45,89503,73],{"class":59},[45,89505,69952],{"class":51},[45,89507,89508,89511,89513,89516,89518],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89509,89510],{"class":51},"red ",[45,89512,2016],{"class":55},[45,89514,89515],{"class":51}," green ",[45,89517,2016],{"class":55},[45,89519,35862],{"class":51},[14,89521,89522,89524],{},[18,89523,89304],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89526,89527,89528,102],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[364,89529,89531],{"href":89530},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[31,89533,89535,36596],{"id":89534},"end-argument",[18,89536,52643],{},[14,89538,89539,89540,89542,89543,89545],{},"By default, ",[18,89541,46433],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[18,89544,46433],{}," starts on a new line.",[1864,89547,89345],{"id":89548},"default-behavior-1",[36,89550,89552],{"className":38,"code":89551,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89553,89554,89568],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89555,89556,89558,89560,89562,89564,89566],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89557,125],{"class":124},[45,89559,109],{"class":59},[45,89561,64],{"class":63},[45,89563,34848],{"class":67},[45,89565,64],{"class":63},[45,89567,118],{"class":59},[45,89569,89570,89572,89574,89576,89579,89581],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89571,125],{"class":124},[45,89573,109],{"class":59},[45,89575,64],{"class":63},[45,89577,89578],{"class":67},"World",[45,89580,64],{"class":63},[45,89582,118],{"class":59},[14,89584,268],{},[36,89586,89588],{"className":38,"code":89587,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hello\nWorld\n",[18,89589,89590,89594],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89591,89592],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89593,88787],{"class":51},[45,89595,89596],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89597,89598],{"class":51},"World\n",[1864,89600,89602],{"id":89601},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[36,89604,89606],{"className":38,"code":89605,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89607,89608,89630],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89609,89610,89612,89614,89616,89618,89620,89622,89624,89626,89628],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89611,125],{"class":124},[45,89613,109],{"class":59},[45,89615,64],{"class":63},[45,89617,34848],{"class":67},[45,89619,64],{"class":63},[45,89621,73],{"class":59},[45,89623,65018],{"class":9161},[45,89625,56],{"class":55},[45,89627,6259],{"class":63},[45,89629,118],{"class":59},[45,89631,89632,89634,89636,89638,89640,89642],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89633,125],{"class":124},[45,89635,109],{"class":59},[45,89637,64],{"class":63},[45,89639,89578],{"class":67},[45,89641,64],{"class":63},[45,89643,118],{"class":59},[14,89645,268],{},[36,89647,89649],{"className":38,"code":89648,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"HelloWorld\n",[18,89650,89651],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89652,89653],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89654,89648],{"class":51},[1864,89656,89658],{"id":89657},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[36,89660,89662],{"className":38,"code":89661,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89663,89664,89693],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89665,89666,89668,89670,89672,89674,89676,89678,89680,89682,89684,89687,89689,89691],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89667,125],{"class":124},[45,89669,109],{"class":59},[45,89671,64],{"class":63},[45,89673,34848],{"class":67},[45,89675,64],{"class":63},[45,89677,73],{"class":59},[45,89679,65018],{"class":9161},[45,89681,56],{"class":55},[45,89683,64],{"class":63},[45,89685,89686],{"class":67},"!",[45,89688,86991],{"class":34434},[45,89690,64],{"class":63},[45,89692,118],{"class":59},[45,89694,89695,89697,89699,89701,89703,89705],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89696,125],{"class":124},[45,89698,109],{"class":59},[45,89700,64],{"class":63},[45,89702,89578],{"class":67},[45,89704,64],{"class":63},[45,89706,118],{"class":59},[14,89708,268],{},[36,89710,89712],{"className":38,"code":89711,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[18,89713,89714,89719],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89715,89716],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89717,89718],{"class":51},"Hello!\n",[45,89720,89721],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89722,89598],{"class":51},[14,89724,16,89725,89727],{},[18,89726,52643],{}," argument is useful for:",[157,89729,89730,89733,89736],{},[160,89731,89732],{},"progress messages",[160,89734,89735],{},"inline output",[160,89737,89738],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[31,89740,89742,1326,89744],{"id":89741},"print-returns-none",[18,89743,46433],{},[18,89745,301],{},[14,89747,89748,89749,89751],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,89750,46433],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89753,345],{},[36,89755,89757],{"className":38,"code":89756,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,89758,89759,89779],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89760,89761,89763,89765,89768,89770,89772,89775,89777],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89762,220],{"class":51},[45,89764,56],{"class":55},[45,89766,89767],{"class":124}," print",[45,89769,109],{"class":59},[45,89771,64],{"class":63},[45,89773,89774],{"class":67},"Hi",[45,89776,64],{"class":63},[45,89778,118],{"class":59},[45,89780,89781,89783,89785,89787],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89782,125],{"class":124},[45,89784,109],{"class":59},[45,89786,263],{"class":105},[45,89788,118],{"class":59},[14,89790,268],{},[36,89792,89794],{"className":38,"code":89793,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hi\nNone\n",[18,89795,89796,89801],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89797,89798],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89799,89800],{"class":51},"Hi\n",[45,89802,89803],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89804,292],{"class":291},[14,89806,89807],{},"Why does this happen?",[157,89809,89810,89818,89823],{},[160,89811,89812,89815,89816],{},[18,89813,89814],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[18,89817,89774],{},[160,89819,89820,89821],{},"but the function itself returns ",[18,89822,301],{},[160,89824,89825,89826,11908,89828],{},"so ",[18,89827,263],{},[18,89829,301],{},[14,89831,89832,89833,89835],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[18,89834,46433],{}," call.",[36,89837,89839],{"className":38,"code":89838,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,89840,89841,89854],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89842,89843,89846,89848,89850,89852],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89844,89845],{"class":51},"message ",[45,89847,56],{"class":55},[45,89849,76],{"class":63},[45,89851,89774],{"class":67},[45,89853,1194],{"class":63},[45,89855,89856,89858,89860,89863],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89857,125],{"class":124},[45,89859,109],{"class":59},[45,89861,89862],{"class":105},"message",[45,89864,118],{"class":59},[14,89866,89867,89868,89870,89871,89875],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[18,89869,46433],{}," with functions like ",[364,89872,89873],{"href":8205},[18,89874,2951],{},", which do return a value.",[31,89877,89879,89880],{"id":89878},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[18,89881,46433],{},[14,89883,89884,89885,89887],{},"Beginners use ",[18,89886,46433],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[157,89889,89890,89893,89896,89899],{},[160,89891,89892],{},"to display results to the user",[160,89894,89895],{},"to show messages in a script",[160,89897,89898],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[160,89900,89901],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,89903,345],{},[36,89905,89907],{"className":38,"code":89906,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[18,89908,89909,89917,89921,89941,89952],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89910,89911,89913,89915],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89912,41164],{"class":51},[45,89914,56],{"class":55},[45,89916,38494],{"class":202},[45,89918,89919],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,89920,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,89922,89923,89925,89927,89929,89931,89933,89935,89937,89939],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89924,970],{"class":969},[45,89926,6374],{"class":51},[45,89928,976],{"class":969},[45,89930,54053],{"class":124},[45,89932,109],{"class":59},[45,89934,203],{"class":202},[45,89936,73],{"class":59},[45,89938,2450],{"class":202},[45,89940,8327],{"class":59},[45,89942,89943,89946,89949],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,89944,89945],{"class":51},"    total ",[45,89947,89948],{"class":55},"+=",[45,89950,89951],{"class":51}," number\n",[45,89953,89954,89956,89958,89960,89963,89965,89967,89969,89971,89973,89975,89977,89979,89981],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,89955,8055],{"class":124},[45,89957,109],{"class":59},[45,89959,64],{"class":63},[45,89961,89962],{"class":67},"Current number:",[45,89964,64],{"class":63},[45,89966,73],{"class":59},[45,89968,2193],{"class":105},[45,89970,73],{"class":59},[45,89972,76],{"class":63},[45,89974,45545],{"class":67},[45,89976,64],{"class":63},[45,89978,73],{"class":59},[45,89980,45552],{"class":105},[45,89982,118],{"class":59},[14,89984,268],{},[36,89986,89988],{"className":38,"code":89987,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[18,89989,89990,90006,90020],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89991,89992,89995,89997,89999,90002,90004],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89993,89994],{"class":51},"Current number",[45,89996,1111],{"class":59},[45,89998,5488],{"class":202},[45,90000,90001],{"class":51}," Total",[45,90003,1111],{"class":59},[45,90005,29596],{"class":202},[45,90007,90008,90010,90012,90014,90016,90018],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,90009,89994],{"class":51},[45,90011,1111],{"class":59},[45,90013,208],{"class":202},[45,90015,90001],{"class":51},[45,90017,1111],{"class":59},[45,90019,2571],{"class":202},[45,90021,90022,90024,90026,90028,90030,90032],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,90023,89994],{"class":51},[45,90025,1111],{"class":59},[45,90027,213],{"class":202},[45,90029,90001],{"class":51},[45,90031,1111],{"class":59},[45,90033,90034],{"class":202}," 6\n",[14,90036,90037,90038,102],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[364,90039,90041],{"href":90040},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[31,90043,1709],{"id":1708},[14,90045,90046,90047,102],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[18,90048,46433],{},[1864,90050,90052],{"id":90051},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,90054,90055],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[36,90057,90059],{"className":38,"code":90058,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(Hello)\n",[18,90060,90061],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90062,90063,90065,90067,90069],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90064,125],{"class":124},[45,90066,109],{"class":59},[45,90068,34848],{"class":105},[45,90070,118],{"class":59},[14,90072,8860,90073,90075],{},[18,90074,34848],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90077,10795],{},[36,90079,90081],{"className":38,"code":90080,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90082,90083],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90084,90085,90087,90089,90091,90093,90095],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90086,125],{"class":124},[45,90088,109],{"class":59},[45,90090,64],{"class":63},[45,90092,34848],{"class":67},[45,90094,64],{"class":63},[45,90096,118],{"class":59},[1864,90098,1736,90100,90102],{"id":90099},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[18,90101,125],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90104,90105],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[36,90107,90109],{"className":38,"code":90108,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print \"Hello\"\n",[18,90110,90111],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90112,90113,90115,90117,90119],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90114,125],{"class":124},[45,90116,76],{"class":63},[45,90118,34848],{"class":67},[45,90120,1194],{"class":63},[14,90122,10795],{},[36,90124,90125],{"className":38,"code":90080,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,90126,90127],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90128,90129,90131,90133,90135,90137,90139],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90130,125],{"class":124},[45,90132,109],{"class":59},[45,90134,64],{"class":63},[45,90136,34848],{"class":67},[45,90138,64],{"class":63},[45,90140,118],{"class":59},[1864,90142,90144,90145],{"id":90143},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[18,90146,2053],{},[14,90148,90149,90150,102],{},"This causes a ",[18,90151,2998],{},[36,90153,90154],{"className":38,"code":89242,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,90155,90156,90164],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90157,90158,90160,90162],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90159,21612],{"class":51},[45,90161,56],{"class":55},[45,90163,2581],{"class":202},[45,90165,90166,90168,90170,90172,90174,90176,90178,90180],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,90167,125],{"class":124},[45,90169,109],{"class":59},[45,90171,64],{"class":63},[45,90173,89263],{"class":67},[45,90175,64],{"class":63},[45,90177,2447],{"class":55},[45,90179,9174],{"class":105},[45,90181,118],{"class":59},[14,90183,90184],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[36,90186,90188],{"className":38,"code":90187,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,90189,90190],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90191,90192,90194,90196,90198,90200,90202,90204,90206],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90193,125],{"class":124},[45,90195,109],{"class":59},[45,90197,64],{"class":63},[45,90199,89164],{"class":67},[45,90201,64],{"class":63},[45,90203,73],{"class":59},[45,90205,9174],{"class":105},[45,90207,118],{"class":59},[14,90209,90210],{},"Or convert the number first:",[36,90212,90214],{"className":38,"code":90213,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[18,90215,90216],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90217,90218,90220,90222,90224,90226,90228,90230,90232,90234,90236],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90219,125],{"class":124},[45,90221,109],{"class":59},[45,90223,64],{"class":63},[45,90225,89263],{"class":67},[45,90227,64],{"class":63},[45,90229,2447],{"class":55},[45,90231,48886],{"class":315},[45,90233,109],{"class":59},[45,90235,9285],{"class":105},[45,90237,1802],{"class":59},[14,90239,90240,90241,102],{},"If you see this error, read ",[364,90242,90244],{"href":90243},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1864,90246,1722,90248,90250],{"id":90247},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[18,90249,46433],{}," to return a value",[14,90252,90253,90254,35311,90257,1111],{},"This does not store ",[18,90255,90256],{},"\"Hello\"",[18,90258,263],{},[36,90260,90262],{"className":38,"code":90261,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90263,90264],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90265,90266,90268,90270,90272,90274,90276,90278,90280],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90267,220],{"class":51},[45,90269,56],{"class":55},[45,90271,89767],{"class":124},[45,90273,109],{"class":59},[45,90275,64],{"class":63},[45,90277,34848],{"class":67},[45,90279,64],{"class":63},[45,90281,118],{"class":59},[14,90283,90284,90285,102],{},"It stores ",[18,90286,301],{},[1864,90288,90290,90291,1301,90293],{"id":90289},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[18,90292,89304],{},[18,90294,52643],{},[14,90296,85650],{},[157,90298,90299,90308],{},[160,90300,90301,90303,90304,90307],{},[18,90302,89304],{}," changes what goes ",[26,90305,90306],{},"between"," multiple values",[160,90309,90310,90312,90313,90316],{},[18,90311,52643],{}," changes what appears ",[26,90314,90315],{},"after"," the output",[31,90318,90320],{"id":90319},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90322,90323,90324,90326],{},"These simple ",[18,90325,46433],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[36,90328,90330],{"className":38,"code":90329,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[18,90331,90332,90352,90367],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90333,90334,90336,90338,90340,90343,90345,90347,90350],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90335,125],{"class":124},[45,90337,109],{"class":59},[45,90339,64],{"class":63},[45,90341,90342],{"class":67},"Debug:",[45,90344,64],{"class":63},[45,90346,73],{"class":59},[45,90348,90349],{"class":105}," variable_name",[45,90351,118],{"class":59},[45,90353,90354,90356,90358,90360,90362,90365],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,90355,125],{"class":124},[45,90357,109],{"class":59},[45,90359,1811],{"class":315},[45,90361,109],{"class":59},[45,90363,90364],{"class":105},"variable_name",[45,90366,1802],{"class":59},[45,90368,90369,90371,90373,90375],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,90370,1822],{"class":124},[45,90372,109],{"class":59},[45,90374,125],{"class":124},[45,90376,118],{"class":59},[14,90378,90379],{},"What they do:",[157,90381,90382,90388,90394],{},[160,90383,90384,90387],{},[18,90385,90386],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[160,90389,90390,90393],{},[18,90391,90392],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[160,90395,90396,90399,90400],{},[18,90397,90398],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[18,90401,46433],{},[31,90403,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,90405,175,90407,90409],{"id":90406},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[18,90408,46433],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90411,90412,90413,90415,90416,36602],{},"Yes. By default, ",[18,90414,46433],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[18,90417,52643],{},[1864,90419,5160,90421,90423],{"id":90420},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[18,90422,46433],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90425,90426,90427,90429],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[18,90428,46433],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1864,90431,5148,90433,5151,90436,2485],{"id":90432},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[18,90434,90435],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[18,90437,301],{},[14,90439,29042,90440,90442],{},[18,90441,46433],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1864,90444,90446],{"id":90445},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90448,90449],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[36,90451,90453],{"className":38,"code":90452,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[18,90454,90455],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90456,90457,90459,90461,90463,90465,90467,90469,90471],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90458,125],{"class":124},[45,90460,109],{"class":59},[45,90462,64],{"class":63},[45,90464,89164],{"class":67},[45,90466,64],{"class":63},[45,90468,73],{"class":59},[45,90470,5991],{"class":202},[45,90472,118],{"class":59},[14,90474,90475,90476,39911],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[18,90477,47665],{},[1864,90479,5170,90481,1301,90483,2485],{"id":90480},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[18,90482,89304],{},[18,90484,52643],{},[157,90486,90487,90492],{},[160,90488,90489,90491],{},[18,90490,89304],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[160,90493,90494,90496],{},[18,90495,52643],{}," changes what appears after the output",[31,90498,1909],{"id":1908},[157,90500,90501,90505,90511,90517,90522,90527],{},[160,90502,90503],{},[364,90504,50958],{"href":50957},[160,90506,90507],{},[364,90508,3569,90509,3502],{"href":8205},[18,90510,2951],{},[160,90512,90513],{},[364,90514,3569,90515,3502],{"href":42156},[18,90516,47665],{},[160,90518,90519],{},[364,90520,90521],{"href":89530},"How to format strings in Python",[160,90523,90524],{},[364,90525,90526],{"href":90040},"How to debug Python code",[160,90528,90529],{},[364,90530,90244],{"href":90243},[1936,90532,90533],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":90535},[90536,90537,90539,90540,90546,90547,90548,90553,90559,90561,90563,90574,90575,90586],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":88708,"depth":96,"text":90538},"What print() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":88944,"depth":96,"text":88945,"children":90541},[90542,90543,90544,90545],{"id":88953,"depth":121,"text":88954},{"id":88994,"depth":121,"text":88995},{"id":89026,"depth":121,"text":89027},{"id":89053,"depth":121,"text":89054},{"id":89095,"depth":96,"text":89096},{"id":89291,"depth":96,"text":89292},{"id":89331,"depth":96,"text":90549,"children":90550},"sep argument",[90551,90552],{"id":89344,"depth":121,"text":89345},{"id":89394,"depth":121,"text":89395},{"id":89534,"depth":96,"text":90554,"children":90555},"end argument",[90556,90557,90558],{"id":89548,"depth":121,"text":89345},{"id":89601,"depth":121,"text":89602},{"id":89657,"depth":121,"text":89658},{"id":89741,"depth":96,"text":90560},"print() returns None",{"id":89878,"depth":96,"text":90562},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":90564},[90565,90566,90568,90570,90572],{"id":90051,"depth":121,"text":90052},{"id":90099,"depth":121,"text":90567},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90143,"depth":121,"text":90569},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90247,"depth":121,"text":90571},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90289,"depth":121,"text":90573},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90319,"depth":96,"text":90320},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":90576},[90577,90579,90581,90583,90584],{"id":90406,"depth":121,"text":90578},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90420,"depth":121,"text":90580},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90432,"depth":121,"text":90582},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90445,"depth":121,"text":90446},{"id":90480,"depth":121,"text":90585},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88591,"description":90587},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90594,"title":90595,"body":90596,"description":92900,"extension":1958,"meta":92901,"navigation":241,"path":92902,"seo":92903,"stem":92904,"__hash__":92905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90597,"toc":92846},[90598,90603,90608,90621,90623,90688,90699,90704,90709,90711,90734,90737,90768,90770,90787,90792,90798,90803,90852,90855,90872,90878,90883,90906,90908,90936,90942,90950,90977,90979,91004,91010,91013,91044,91046,91075,91079,91082,91087,91109,91111,91139,91145,91151,91177,91179,91203,91209,91215,91245,91247,91275,91285,91289,91295,91328,91330,91359,91362,91365,91398,91400,91408,91414,91416,91439,91444,91453,91458,91472,91474,91514,91516,91546,91550,91585,91591,91595,91639,91641,91671,91677,91680,91759,91761,91783,91791,91794,91857,91865,91940,91946,91953,91958,91963,91986,91988,92009,92011,92024,92026,92073,92075,92114,92123,92125,92129,92133,92136,92163,92166,92195,92198,92222,92225,92233,92239,92261,92263,92291,92295,92300,92355,92360,92362,92419,92426,92435,92438,92470,92472,92480,92483,92489,92491,92514,92517,92523,92526,92545,92547,92566,92569,92591,92593,92621,92625,92629,92734,92736,92749,92751,92757,92760,92768,92773,92779,92785,92790,92798,92804,92811,92813,92843],[10,90599,3569,90601,3573],{"id":90600},"python-range-function-explained",[18,90602,36178],{},[14,90604,32298,90605,90607],{},[18,90606,36178],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90609,90610,90611,90613,90614,90616,90617,90620],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[18,90612,970],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[18,90615,36178],{}," stops ",[26,90618,90619],{},"before"," the end value.",[31,90622,34],{"id":33},[36,90624,90626],{"className":38,"code":90625,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[18,90627,90628,90644,90654,90658,90663,90668,90673,90678,90683],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90629,90630,90632,90634,90636,90638,90640,90642],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90631,970],{"class":969},[45,90633,69519],{"class":51},[45,90635,976],{"class":969},[45,90637,54053],{"class":124},[45,90639,109],{"class":59},[45,90641,2131],{"class":202},[45,90643,8327],{"class":59},[45,90645,90646,90648,90650,90652],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,90647,8055],{"class":124},[45,90649,109],{"class":59},[45,90651,36134],{"class":105},[45,90653,118],{"class":59},[45,90655,90656],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,90657,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,90659,90660],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,90661,90662],{"class":137},"# Output:\n",[45,90664,90665],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,90666,90667],{"class":137},"# 0\n",[45,90669,90670],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,90671,90672],{"class":137},"# 1\n",[45,90674,90675],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,90676,90677],{"class":137},"# 2\n",[45,90679,90680],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,90681,90682],{"class":137},"# 3\n",[45,90684,90685],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,90686,90687],{"class":137},"# 4\n",[14,90689,90690,90693,90694,90696,90697,102],{},[18,90691,90692],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[18,90695,2114],{}," and stopping before ",[18,90698,2131],{},[31,90700,3671,90702,3674],{"id":90701},"what-range-does",[18,90703,36178],{},[14,90705,90706,90708],{},[18,90707,36178],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90710,13039],{},[157,90712,90713,90718,90724,90729],{},[160,90714,90715,90717],{},[18,90716,36178],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[160,90719,90720,90721,90723],{},"It is commonly used with ",[18,90722,970],{}," loops",[160,90725,90726,90727],{},"The stop value is ",[26,90728,65047],{},[160,90730,17408,90731,90733],{},[18,90732,59975],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90735,90736],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[36,90738,90740],{"className":38,"code":90739,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[18,90741,90742,90758],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90743,90744,90746,90748,90750,90752,90754,90756],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90745,970],{"class":969},[45,90747,6374],{"class":51},[45,90749,976],{"class":969},[45,90751,54053],{"class":124},[45,90753,109],{"class":59},[45,90755,2056],{"class":202},[45,90757,8327],{"class":59},[45,90759,90760,90762,90764,90766],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,90761,8055],{"class":124},[45,90763,109],{"class":59},[45,90765,2235],{"class":105},[45,90767,118],{"class":59},[14,90769,268],{},[36,90771,90773],{"className":38,"code":90772,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0\n1\n2\n",[18,90774,90775,90779,90783],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90776,90777],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90778,47233],{"class":202},[45,90780,90781],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,90782,46898],{"class":202},[45,90784,90785],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,90786,17042],{"class":202},[14,90788,90789,90790,102],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[364,90791,36010],{"href":36009},[31,90793,90795,90797],{"id":90794},"range-syntax",[18,90796,36178],{}," syntax",[14,90799,90800,90802],{},[18,90801,36178],{}," has three common forms:",[36,90804,90806],{"className":38,"code":90805,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[18,90807,90808,90818,90833],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90809,90810,90812,90814,90816],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90811,59975],{"class":124},[45,90813,109],{"class":59},[45,90815,75264],{"class":105},[45,90817,118],{"class":59},[45,90819,90820,90822,90824,90826,90828,90831],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,90821,59975],{"class":124},[45,90823,109],{"class":59},[45,90825,36054],{"class":105},[45,90827,73],{"class":59},[45,90829,90830],{"class":105}," stop",[45,90832,118],{"class":59},[45,90834,90835,90837,90839,90841,90843,90845,90847,90850],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,90836,59975],{"class":124},[45,90838,109],{"class":59},[45,90840,36054],{"class":105},[45,90842,73],{"class":59},[45,90844,90830],{"class":105},[45,90846,73],{"class":59},[45,90848,90849],{"class":105}," step",[45,90851,118],{"class":59},[14,90853,90854],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[157,90856,90857,90862,90867],{},[160,90858,90859,90861],{},[18,90860,36054],{}," = first number",[160,90863,90864,90866],{},[18,90865,75264],{}," = end limit, not included",[160,90868,90869,90871],{},[18,90870,75267],{}," = amount to move each time",[1864,90873,90875],{"id":90874},"rangestop",[18,90876,90877],{},"range(stop)",[14,90879,90880,90881,102],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,90882,2114],{},[36,90884,90886],{"className":38,"code":90885,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[18,90887,90888],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90889,90890,90892,90894,90896,90898,90900,90902,90904],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90891,125],{"class":124},[45,90893,109],{"class":59},[45,90895,316],{"class":315},[45,90897,109],{"class":59},[45,90899,59975],{"class":124},[45,90901,109],{"class":59},[45,90903,2131],{"class":202},[45,90905,2905],{"class":59},[14,90907,268],{},[36,90909,90910],{"className":38,"code":59998,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,90911,90912],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90913,90914,90916,90918,90920,90922,90924,90926,90928,90930,90932,90934],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90915,278],{"class":59},[45,90917,2114],{"class":202},[45,90919,73],{"class":59},[45,90921,5488],{"class":202},[45,90923,73],{"class":59},[45,90925,208],{"class":202},[45,90927,73],{"class":59},[45,90929,213],{"class":202},[45,90931,73],{"class":59},[45,90933,2450],{"class":202},[45,90935,93],{"class":59},[1864,90937,90939],{"id":90938},"rangestart-stop",[18,90940,90941],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,90943,90944,90945,90947,90948,102],{},"This starts at ",[18,90946,36054],{}," and stops before ",[18,90949,75264],{},[36,90951,90953],{"className":38,"code":90952,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[18,90954,90955],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90956,90957,90959,90961,90963,90965,90967,90969,90971,90973,90975],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90958,125],{"class":124},[45,90960,109],{"class":59},[45,90962,316],{"class":315},[45,90964,109],{"class":59},[45,90966,59975],{"class":124},[45,90968,109],{"class":59},[45,90970,234],{"class":202},[45,90972,73],{"class":59},[45,90974,37624],{"class":202},[45,90976,2905],{"class":59},[14,90978,268],{},[36,90980,90982],{"className":38,"code":90981,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,90983,90984],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90985,90986,90988,90990,90992,90994,90996,90998,91000,91002],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90987,278],{"class":59},[45,90989,234],{"class":202},[45,90991,73],{"class":59},[45,90993,213],{"class":202},[45,90995,73],{"class":59},[45,90997,2450],{"class":202},[45,90999,73],{"class":59},[45,91001,4596],{"class":202},[45,91003,93],{"class":59},[1864,91005,91007],{"id":91006},"rangestart-stop-step",[18,91008,91009],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,91011,91012],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[36,91014,91016],{"className":38,"code":91015,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[18,91017,91018],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91019,91020,91022,91024,91026,91028,91030,91032,91034,91036,91038,91040,91042],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91021,125],{"class":124},[45,91023,109],{"class":59},[45,91025,316],{"class":315},[45,91027,109],{"class":59},[45,91029,59975],{"class":124},[45,91031,109],{"class":59},[45,91033,203],{"class":202},[45,91035,73],{"class":59},[45,91037,5991],{"class":202},[45,91039,73],{"class":59},[45,91041,208],{"class":202},[45,91043,2905],{"class":59},[14,91045,268],{},[36,91047,91049],{"className":38,"code":91048,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[18,91050,91051],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91052,91053,91055,91057,91059,91061,91063,91065,91067,91069,91071,91073],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91054,278],{"class":59},[45,91056,203],{"class":202},[45,91058,73],{"class":59},[45,91060,213],{"class":202},[45,91062,73],{"class":59},[45,91064,4596],{"class":202},[45,91066,73],{"class":59},[45,91068,5980],{"class":202},[45,91070,73],{"class":59},[45,91072,54119],{"class":202},[45,91074,93],{"class":59},[31,91076,91078],{"id":91077},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91080,91081],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1864,91083,91085],{"id":91084},"range5",[18,91086,90692],{},[36,91088,91089],{"className":38,"code":90885,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,91090,91091],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91092,91093,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105,91107],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91094,125],{"class":124},[45,91096,109],{"class":59},[45,91098,316],{"class":315},[45,91100,109],{"class":59},[45,91102,59975],{"class":124},[45,91104,109],{"class":59},[45,91106,2131],{"class":202},[45,91108,2905],{"class":59},[14,91110,268],{},[36,91112,91113],{"className":38,"code":59998,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,91114,91115],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91116,91117,91119,91121,91123,91125,91127,91129,91131,91133,91135,91137],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91118,278],{"class":59},[45,91120,2114],{"class":202},[45,91122,73],{"class":59},[45,91124,5488],{"class":202},[45,91126,73],{"class":59},[45,91128,208],{"class":202},[45,91130,73],{"class":59},[45,91132,213],{"class":202},[45,91134,73],{"class":59},[45,91136,2450],{"class":202},[45,91138,93],{"class":59},[14,91140,90944,91141,90947,91143,102],{},[18,91142,2114],{},[18,91144,2131],{},[1864,91146,91148],{"id":91147},"range2-6",[18,91149,91150],{},"range(2, 6)",[36,91152,91153],{"className":38,"code":90952,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,91154,91155],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91156,91157,91159,91161,91163,91165,91167,91169,91171,91173,91175],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91158,125],{"class":124},[45,91160,109],{"class":59},[45,91162,316],{"class":315},[45,91164,109],{"class":59},[45,91166,59975],{"class":124},[45,91168,109],{"class":59},[45,91170,234],{"class":202},[45,91172,73],{"class":59},[45,91174,37624],{"class":202},[45,91176,2905],{"class":59},[14,91178,268],{},[36,91180,91181],{"className":38,"code":90981,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,91182,91183],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91184,91185,91187,91189,91191,91193,91195,91197,91199,91201],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91186,278],{"class":59},[45,91188,234],{"class":202},[45,91190,73],{"class":59},[45,91192,213],{"class":202},[45,91194,73],{"class":59},[45,91196,2450],{"class":202},[45,91198,73],{"class":59},[45,91200,4596],{"class":202},[45,91202,93],{"class":59},[14,91204,90944,91205,90947,91207,102],{},[18,91206,234],{},[18,91208,80432],{},[1864,91210,91212],{"id":91211},"range1-10-2",[18,91213,91214],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[36,91216,91217],{"className":38,"code":91015,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,91218,91219],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91220,91221,91223,91225,91227,91229,91231,91233,91235,91237,91239,91241,91243],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91222,125],{"class":124},[45,91224,109],{"class":59},[45,91226,316],{"class":315},[45,91228,109],{"class":59},[45,91230,59975],{"class":124},[45,91232,109],{"class":59},[45,91234,203],{"class":202},[45,91236,73],{"class":59},[45,91238,5991],{"class":202},[45,91240,73],{"class":59},[45,91242,208],{"class":202},[45,91244,2905],{"class":59},[14,91246,268],{},[36,91248,91249],{"className":38,"code":91048,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,91250,91251],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91252,91253,91255,91257,91259,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91254,278],{"class":59},[45,91256,203],{"class":202},[45,91258,73],{"class":59},[45,91260,213],{"class":202},[45,91262,73],{"class":59},[45,91264,4596],{"class":202},[45,91266,73],{"class":59},[45,91268,5980],{"class":202},[45,91270,73],{"class":59},[45,91272,54119],{"class":202},[45,91274,93],{"class":59},[14,91276,91277,91278,91280,91281,61278,91283,102],{},"This moves by ",[18,91279,234],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[18,91282,203],{},[18,91284,2139],{},[1864,91286,91288],{"id":91287},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91290,91291,91292,91294],{},"A negative step makes ",[18,91293,36178],{}," count backward.",[36,91296,91298],{"className":38,"code":91297,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[18,91299,91300],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91301,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314,91316,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91303,125],{"class":124},[45,91305,109],{"class":59},[45,91307,316],{"class":315},[45,91309,109],{"class":59},[45,91311,59975],{"class":124},[45,91313,109],{"class":59},[45,91315,2131],{"class":202},[45,91317,73],{"class":59},[45,91319,3827],{"class":202},[45,91321,73],{"class":59},[45,91323,2218],{"class":55},[45,91325,203],{"class":202},[45,91327,2905],{"class":59},[14,91329,268],{},[36,91331,91333],{"className":38,"code":91332,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[18,91334,91335],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91336,91337,91339,91341,91343,91345,91347,91349,91351,91353,91355,91357],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91338,278],{"class":59},[45,91340,2131],{"class":202},[45,91342,73],{"class":59},[45,91344,2450],{"class":202},[45,91346,73],{"class":59},[45,91348,213],{"class":202},[45,91350,73],{"class":59},[45,91352,208],{"class":202},[45,91354,73],{"class":59},[45,91356,5488],{"class":202},[45,91358,93],{"class":59},[14,91360,91361],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91363,91364],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[36,91366,91368],{"className":38,"code":91367,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[18,91369,91370],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91371,91372,91374,91376,91378,91380,91382,91384,91386,91388,91390,91392,91394,91396],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91373,125],{"class":124},[45,91375,109],{"class":59},[45,91377,316],{"class":315},[45,91379,109],{"class":59},[45,91381,59975],{"class":124},[45,91383,109],{"class":59},[45,91385,203],{"class":202},[45,91387,73],{"class":59},[45,91389,4596],{"class":202},[45,91391,73],{"class":59},[45,91393,2218],{"class":55},[45,91395,203],{"class":202},[45,91397,2905],{"class":59},[14,91399,268],{},[36,91401,91402],{"className":38,"code":38278,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,91403,91404],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91405,91406],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91407,38278],{"class":59},[1864,91409,91410,76427,91412],{"id":76651},[18,91411,75267],{},[18,91413,2114],{},[14,91415,2830],{},[36,91417,91419],{"className":38,"code":91418,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[18,91420,91421],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91422,91423,91425,91427,91429,91431,91433,91435,91437],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91424,59975],{"class":124},[45,91426,109],{"class":59},[45,91428,203],{"class":202},[45,91430,73],{"class":59},[45,91432,4596],{"class":202},[45,91434,73],{"class":59},[45,91436,3827],{"class":202},[45,91438,118],{"class":59},[14,91440,76696,91441,91443],{},[18,91442,1041],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[31,91445,1736,91447,91449,91450,91452],{"id":91446},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[18,91448,36178],{}," in a ",[18,91451,970],{}," loop",[14,91454,91455,91457],{},[18,91456,36178],{}," is most useful when:",[157,91459,91460,91463,91466],{},[160,91461,91462],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[160,91464,91465],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[160,91467,91468,91469],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[18,91470,91471],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91473,345],{},[36,91475,91477],{"className":38,"code":91476,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[18,91478,91479,91495],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91480,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91482,970],{"class":969},[45,91484,69519],{"class":51},[45,91486,976],{"class":969},[45,91488,54053],{"class":124},[45,91490,109],{"class":59},[45,91492,2056],{"class":202},[45,91494,8327],{"class":59},[45,91496,91497,91499,91501,91503,91506,91508,91510,91512],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,91498,8055],{"class":124},[45,91500,109],{"class":59},[45,91502,64],{"class":63},[45,91504,91505],{"class":67},"Loop number:",[45,91507,64],{"class":63},[45,91509,73],{"class":59},[45,91511,36110],{"class":105},[45,91513,118],{"class":59},[14,91515,268],{},[36,91517,91519],{"className":38,"code":91518,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[18,91520,91521,91530,91538],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91522,91523,91526,91528],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91524,91525],{"class":51},"Loop number",[45,91527,1111],{"class":59},[45,91529,38494],{"class":202},[45,91531,91532,91534,91536],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,91533,91525],{"class":51},[45,91535,1111],{"class":59},[45,91537,29596],{"class":202},[45,91539,91540,91542,91544],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,91541,91525],{"class":51},[45,91543,1111],{"class":59},[45,91545,45571],{"class":202},[1864,91547,91549],{"id":91548},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[36,91551,91553],{"className":38,"code":91552,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,91554,91555,91571],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91556,91557,91559,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91558,970],{"class":969},[45,91560,69519],{"class":51},[45,91562,976],{"class":969},[45,91564,54053],{"class":124},[45,91566,109],{"class":59},[45,91568,2131],{"class":202},[45,91570,8327],{"class":59},[45,91572,91573,91575,91577,91579,91581,91583],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,91574,8055],{"class":124},[45,91576,109],{"class":59},[45,91578,64],{"class":63},[45,91580,34848],{"class":67},[45,91582,64],{"class":63},[45,91584,118],{"class":59},[14,91586,91587,91588,91590],{},"This prints ",[18,91589,90256],{}," five times.",[1864,91592,91594],{"id":91593},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[36,91596,91598],{"className":38,"code":91597,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[18,91599,91600,91620],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91601,91602,91604,91606,91608,91610,91612,91614,91616,91618],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91603,970],{"class":969},[45,91605,69519],{"class":51},[45,91607,976],{"class":969},[45,91609,54053],{"class":124},[45,91611,109],{"class":59},[45,91613,203],{"class":202},[45,91615,73],{"class":59},[45,91617,2450],{"class":202},[45,91619,8327],{"class":59},[45,91621,91622,91624,91626,91628,91631,91633,91635,91637],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,91623,8055],{"class":124},[45,91625,109],{"class":59},[45,91627,64],{"class":63},[45,91629,91630],{"class":67},"Current number is",[45,91632,64],{"class":63},[45,91634,73],{"class":59},[45,91636,36110],{"class":105},[45,91638,118],{"class":59},[14,91640,268],{},[36,91642,91644],{"className":38,"code":91643,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[18,91645,91646,91655,91663],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91647,91648,91651,91653],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91649,91650],{"class":51},"Current number ",[45,91652,12182],{"class":55},[45,91654,29596],{"class":202},[45,91656,91657,91659,91661],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,91658,91650],{"class":51},[45,91660,12182],{"class":55},[45,91662,45571],{"class":202},[45,91664,91665,91667,91669],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,91666,91650],{"class":51},[45,91668,12182],{"class":55},[45,91670,2571],{"class":202},[1864,91672,91674,91676],{"id":91673},"range-and-indexing",[18,91675,36178],{}," and indexing",[14,91678,91679],{},"You may see code like this:",[36,91681,91683],{"className":38,"code":91682,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[18,91684,91685,91717,91721,91741],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91686,91687,91689,91691,91693,91695,91697,91699,91701,91703,91705,91707,91709,91711,91713,91715],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91688,52],{"class":51},[45,91690,56],{"class":55},[45,91692,60],{"class":59},[45,91694,64],{"class":63},[45,91696,364],{"class":67},[45,91698,64],{"class":63},[45,91700,73],{"class":59},[45,91702,76],{"class":63},[45,91704,373],{"class":67},[45,91706,64],{"class":63},[45,91708,73],{"class":59},[45,91710,76],{"class":63},[45,91712,382],{"class":67},[45,91714,64],{"class":63},[45,91716,93],{"class":59},[45,91718,91719],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,91720,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,91722,91723,91725,91727,91729,91731,91733,91735,91737,91739],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,91724,970],{"class":969},[45,91726,69519],{"class":51},[45,91728,976],{"class":969},[45,91730,54053],{"class":124},[45,91732,109],{"class":59},[45,91734,11150],{"class":124},[45,91736,109],{"class":59},[45,91738,99],{"class":105},[45,91740,69534],{"class":59},[45,91742,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,91744,8055],{"class":124},[45,91746,109],{"class":59},[45,91748,36134],{"class":105},[45,91750,73],{"class":59},[45,91752,1210],{"class":105},[45,91754,278],{"class":59},[45,91756,36134],{"class":105},[45,91758,3880],{"class":59},[14,91760,268],{},[36,91762,91763],{"className":38,"code":36146,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,91764,91765,91771,91777],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91766,91767,91769],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91768,2114],{"class":202},[45,91770,36155],{"class":51},[45,91772,91773,91775],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,91774,203],{"class":202},[45,91776,36162],{"class":51},[45,91778,91779,91781],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,91780,234],{"class":202},[45,91782,36169],{"class":51},[14,91784,91785,91786,91790],{},"This works, and it uses ",[364,91787,91788],{"href":42339},[18,91789,42342],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,91792,91793],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[36,91795,91797],{"className":38,"code":91796,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[18,91798,91799,91831,91835,91847],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91800,91801,91803,91805,91807,91809,91811,91813,91815,91817,91819,91821,91823,91825,91827,91829],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91802,52],{"class":51},[45,91804,56],{"class":55},[45,91806,60],{"class":59},[45,91808,64],{"class":63},[45,91810,364],{"class":67},[45,91812,64],{"class":63},[45,91814,73],{"class":59},[45,91816,76],{"class":63},[45,91818,373],{"class":67},[45,91820,64],{"class":63},[45,91822,73],{"class":59},[45,91824,76],{"class":63},[45,91826,382],{"class":67},[45,91828,64],{"class":63},[45,91830,93],{"class":59},[45,91832,91833],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,91834,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,91836,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,91838,970],{"class":969},[45,91840,973],{"class":51},[45,91842,976],{"class":969},[45,91844,1210],{"class":51},[45,91846,1213],{"class":59},[45,91848,91849,91851,91853,91855],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,91850,8055],{"class":124},[45,91852,109],{"class":59},[45,91854,23293],{"class":105},[45,91856,118],{"class":59},[14,91858,36573,91859,91864],{},[364,91860,91862],{"href":91861},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[18,91863,35731],{}," is usually a better choice:",[36,91866,91868],{"className":38,"code":91867,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[18,91869,91870,91902,91906,91926],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91871,91872,91874,91876,91878,91880,91882,91884,91886,91888,91890,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91873,52],{"class":51},[45,91875,56],{"class":55},[45,91877,60],{"class":59},[45,91879,64],{"class":63},[45,91881,364],{"class":67},[45,91883,64],{"class":63},[45,91885,73],{"class":59},[45,91887,76],{"class":63},[45,91889,373],{"class":67},[45,91891,64],{"class":63},[45,91893,73],{"class":59},[45,91895,76],{"class":63},[45,91897,382],{"class":67},[45,91899,64],{"class":63},[45,91901,93],{"class":59},[45,91903,91904],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,91905,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,91907,91908,91910,91912,91914,91916,91918,91920,91922,91924],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,91909,970],{"class":969},[45,91911,35803],{"class":51},[45,91913,73],{"class":59},[45,91915,973],{"class":51},[45,91917,976],{"class":969},[45,91919,35813],{"class":124},[45,91921,109],{"class":59},[45,91923,99],{"class":105},[45,91925,8327],{"class":59},[45,91927,91928,91930,91932,91934,91936,91938],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,91929,8055],{"class":124},[45,91931,109],{"class":59},[45,91933,1321],{"class":105},[45,91935,73],{"class":59},[45,91937,29488],{"class":105},[45,91939,118],{"class":59},[14,91941,78956,91942,102],{},[364,91943,36586,91944,36589],{"href":36585},[18,91945,35731],{},[31,91947,91949,91950,91952],{"id":91948},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[18,91951,36178],{}," to a list",[14,91954,91955,91957],{},[18,91956,36178],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,91959,91960,91961,1111],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[18,91962,24763],{},[36,91964,91966],{"className":38,"code":91965,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[18,91967,91968],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91969,91970,91972,91974,91976,91978,91980,91982,91984],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91971,125],{"class":124},[45,91973,109],{"class":59},[45,91975,316],{"class":315},[45,91977,109],{"class":59},[45,91979,59975],{"class":124},[45,91981,109],{"class":59},[45,91983,2056],{"class":202},[45,91985,2905],{"class":59},[14,91987,268],{},[36,91989,91991],{"className":38,"code":91990,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[18,91992,91993],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91994,91995,91997,91999,92001,92003,92005,92007],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91996,278],{"class":59},[45,91998,2114],{"class":202},[45,92000,73],{"class":59},[45,92002,5488],{"class":202},[45,92004,73],{"class":59},[45,92006,208],{"class":202},[45,92008,93],{"class":59},[14,92010,33292],{},[157,92012,92013,92018,92021],{},[160,92014,92015,92016,42066],{},"learning how ",[18,92017,36178],{},[160,92019,92020],{},"checking your values",[160,92022,92023],{},"debugging code",[14,92025,5462],{},[36,92027,92029],{"className":38,"code":92028,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[18,92030,92031,92045,92049,92059],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92032,92033,92035,92037,92039,92041,92043],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92034,195],{"class":51},[45,92036,56],{"class":55},[45,92038,54053],{"class":124},[45,92040,109],{"class":59},[45,92042,2498],{"class":202},[45,92044,118],{"class":59},[45,92046,92047],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,92048,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,92050,92051,92053,92055,92057],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,92052,125],{"class":124},[45,92054,109],{"class":59},[45,92056,251],{"class":105},[45,92058,118],{"class":59},[45,92060,92061,92063,92065,92067,92069,92071],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,92062,125],{"class":124},[45,92064,109],{"class":59},[45,92066,316],{"class":315},[45,92068,109],{"class":59},[45,92070,251],{"class":105},[45,92072,1802],{"class":59},[14,92074,268],{},[36,92076,92078],{"className":38,"code":92077,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,92079,92080,92094],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92081,92082,92084,92086,92088,92090,92092],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92083,59975],{"class":124},[45,92085,109],{"class":59},[45,92087,2114],{"class":202},[45,92089,73],{"class":59},[45,92091,2450],{"class":202},[45,92093,118],{"class":59},[45,92095,92096,92098,92100,92102,92104,92106,92108,92110,92112],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,92097,278],{"class":59},[45,92099,2114],{"class":202},[45,92101,73],{"class":59},[45,92103,5488],{"class":202},[45,92105,73],{"class":59},[45,92107,208],{"class":202},[45,92109,73],{"class":59},[45,92111,213],{"class":202},[45,92113,93],{"class":59},[14,92115,92116,92117,10572,92119,92122],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[18,92118,59975],{},[18,92120,92121],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[31,92124,4509],{"id":4508},[14,92126,33521,92127,102],{},[18,92128,36178],{},[1864,92130,92132],{"id":92131},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92134,92135],{},"Many beginners think this:",[36,92137,92139],{"className":38,"code":92138,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[18,92140,92141],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92142,92143,92145,92147,92149,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159,92161],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92144,125],{"class":124},[45,92146,109],{"class":59},[45,92148,316],{"class":315},[45,92150,109],{"class":59},[45,92152,59975],{"class":124},[45,92154,109],{"class":59},[45,92156,203],{"class":202},[45,92158,73],{"class":59},[45,92160,4596],{"class":202},[45,92162,2905],{"class":59},[14,92164,92165],{},"will produce:",[36,92167,92169],{"className":38,"code":92168,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,92170,92171],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92172,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187,92189,92191,92193],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92174,278],{"class":59},[45,92176,203],{"class":202},[45,92178,73],{"class":59},[45,92180,208],{"class":202},[45,92182,73],{"class":59},[45,92184,213],{"class":202},[45,92186,73],{"class":59},[45,92188,2450],{"class":202},[45,92190,73],{"class":59},[45,92192,4596],{"class":202},[45,92194,93],{"class":59},[14,92196,92197],{},"But the real output is:",[36,92199,92200],{"className":38,"code":53488,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,92201,92202],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92203,92204,92206,92208,92210,92212,92214,92216,92218,92220],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92205,278],{"class":59},[45,92207,203],{"class":202},[45,92209,73],{"class":59},[45,92211,208],{"class":202},[45,92213,73],{"class":59},[45,92215,213],{"class":202},[45,92217,73],{"class":59},[45,92219,2450],{"class":202},[45,92221,93],{"class":59},[14,92223,92224],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1864,92226,4570,92228,92230,92231],{"id":92227},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[18,92229,90692],{}," starts at ",[18,92232,203],{},[14,92234,37448,92235,18949,92237,102],{},[18,92236,2114],{},[18,92238,203],{},[36,92240,92241],{"className":38,"code":90885,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,92242,92243],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92244,92245,92247,92249,92251,92253,92255,92257,92259],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92246,125],{"class":124},[45,92248,109],{"class":59},[45,92250,316],{"class":315},[45,92252,109],{"class":59},[45,92254,59975],{"class":124},[45,92256,109],{"class":59},[45,92258,2131],{"class":202},[45,92260,2905],{"class":59},[14,92262,268],{},[36,92264,92265],{"className":38,"code":59998,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,92266,92267],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92268,92269,92271,92273,92275,92277,92279,92281,92283,92285,92287,92289],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92270,278],{"class":59},[45,92272,2114],{"class":202},[45,92274,73],{"class":59},[45,92276,5488],{"class":202},[45,92278,73],{"class":59},[45,92280,208],{"class":202},[45,92282,73],{"class":59},[45,92284,213],{"class":202},[45,92286,73],{"class":59},[45,92288,2450],{"class":202},[45,92290,93],{"class":59},[1864,92292,92294],{"id":92293},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92296,92297,92298,1111],{},"This often happens with ",[18,92299,2951],{},[36,92301,92303],{"className":38,"code":92302,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92304,92305,92324,92328,92345],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92306,92307,92310,92312,92314,92316,92318,92320,92322],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92308,92309],{"class":51},"user_number ",[45,92311,56],{"class":55},[45,92313,8228],{"class":124},[45,92315,109],{"class":59},[45,92317,64],{"class":63},[45,92319,41852],{"class":67},[45,92321,64],{"class":63},[45,92323,118],{"class":59},[45,92325,92326],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,92327,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,92329,92330,92332,92334,92336,92338,92340,92343],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,92331,970],{"class":969},[45,92333,69519],{"class":51},[45,92335,976],{"class":969},[45,92337,54053],{"class":124},[45,92339,109],{"class":59},[45,92341,92342],{"class":105},"user_number",[45,92344,8327],{"class":59},[45,92346,92347,92349,92351,92353],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,92348,8055],{"class":124},[45,92350,109],{"class":59},[45,92352,36134],{"class":105},[45,92354,118],{"class":59},[14,92356,48492,92357,92359],{},[18,92358,2951],{}," returns a string.",[14,92361,10795],{},[36,92363,92365],{"className":38,"code":92364,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92366,92367,92389,92393,92409],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92368,92369,92371,92373,92375,92377,92379,92381,92383,92385,92387],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92370,92309],{"class":51},[45,92372,56],{"class":55},[45,92374,45258],{"class":315},[45,92376,109],{"class":59},[45,92378,42444],{"class":124},[45,92380,109],{"class":59},[45,92382,64],{"class":63},[45,92384,41852],{"class":67},[45,92386,64],{"class":63},[45,92388,1802],{"class":59},[45,92390,92391],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,92392,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,92394,92395,92397,92399,92401,92403,92405,92407],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,92396,970],{"class":969},[45,92398,69519],{"class":51},[45,92400,976],{"class":969},[45,92402,54053],{"class":124},[45,92404,109],{"class":59},[45,92406,92342],{"class":105},[45,92408,8327],{"class":59},[45,92410,92411,92413,92415,92417],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,92412,8055],{"class":124},[45,92414,109],{"class":59},[45,92416,36134],{"class":105},[45,92418,118],{"class":59},[14,92420,92421,92422,102],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[364,92423,50506,92424],{"href":50505},[18,92425,50509],{},[1864,92427,92429,92430,92432,92433],{"id":92428},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[18,92431,36054],{}," smaller than ",[18,92434,75264],{},[14,92436,92437],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[36,92439,92440],{"className":38,"code":91367,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,92441,92442],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92443,92444,92446,92448,92450,92452,92454,92456,92458,92460,92462,92464,92466,92468],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92445,125],{"class":124},[45,92447,109],{"class":59},[45,92449,316],{"class":315},[45,92451,109],{"class":59},[45,92453,59975],{"class":124},[45,92455,109],{"class":59},[45,92457,203],{"class":202},[45,92459,73],{"class":59},[45,92461,4596],{"class":202},[45,92463,73],{"class":59},[45,92465,2218],{"class":55},[45,92467,203],{"class":202},[45,92469,2905],{"class":59},[14,92471,268],{},[36,92473,92474],{"className":38,"code":38278,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,92475,92476],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92477,92478],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92479,38278],{"class":59},[14,92481,92482],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1864,92484,25599,92486],{"id":92485},"trying-to-use-step-0",[18,92487,92488],{},"step = 0",[14,92490,77407],{},[36,92492,92494],{"className":38,"code":92493,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[18,92495,92496],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92497,92498,92500,92502,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92499,59975],{"class":124},[45,92501,109],{"class":59},[45,92503,203],{"class":202},[45,92505,73],{"class":59},[45,92507,5991],{"class":202},[45,92509,73],{"class":59},[45,92511,3827],{"class":202},[45,92513,118],{"class":59},[14,92515,92516],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1864,92518,4695,92520,92522],{"id":92519},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[18,92521,36178],{}," is not a list",[14,92524,92525],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[36,92527,92529],{"className":38,"code":92528,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(range(5))\n",[18,92530,92531],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92532,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92534,125],{"class":124},[45,92536,109],{"class":59},[45,92538,59975],{"class":124},[45,92540,109],{"class":59},[45,92542,2131],{"class":202},[45,92544,1802],{"class":59},[14,92546,268],{},[36,92548,92550],{"className":38,"code":92549,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(0, 5)\n",[18,92551,92552],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92553,92554,92556,92558,92560,92562,92564],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92555,59975],{"class":124},[45,92557,109],{"class":59},[45,92559,2114],{"class":202},[45,92561,73],{"class":59},[45,92563,4596],{"class":202},[45,92565,118],{"class":59},[14,92567,92568],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[36,92570,92571],{"className":38,"code":90885,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,92572,92573],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92574,92575,92577,92579,92581,92583,92585,92587,92589],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92576,125],{"class":124},[45,92578,109],{"class":59},[45,92580,316],{"class":315},[45,92582,109],{"class":59},[45,92584,59975],{"class":124},[45,92586,109],{"class":59},[45,92588,2131],{"class":202},[45,92590,2905],{"class":59},[14,92592,268],{},[36,92594,92595],{"className":38,"code":59998,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,92596,92597],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92598,92599,92601,92603,92605,92607,92609,92611,92613,92615,92617,92619],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92600,278],{"class":59},[45,92602,2114],{"class":202},[45,92604,73],{"class":59},[45,92606,5488],{"class":202},[45,92608,73],{"class":59},[45,92610,208],{"class":202},[45,92612,73],{"class":59},[45,92614,213],{"class":202},[45,92616,73],{"class":59},[45,92618,2450],{"class":202},[45,92620,93],{"class":59},[31,92622,92624],{"id":92623},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92626,8860,92627,82178],{},[18,92628,36178],{},[36,92630,92632],{"className":38,"code":92631,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[18,92633,92634,92648,92666,92688,92716],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92635,92636,92638,92640,92642,92644,92646],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92637,125],{"class":124},[45,92639,109],{"class":59},[45,92641,59975],{"class":124},[45,92643,109],{"class":59},[45,92645,2131],{"class":202},[45,92647,1802],{"class":59},[45,92649,92650,92652,92654,92656,92658,92660,92662,92664],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,92651,125],{"class":124},[45,92653,109],{"class":59},[45,92655,316],{"class":315},[45,92657,109],{"class":59},[45,92659,59975],{"class":124},[45,92661,109],{"class":59},[45,92663,2131],{"class":202},[45,92665,2905],{"class":59},[45,92667,92668,92670,92672,92674,92676,92678,92680,92682,92684,92686],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,92669,125],{"class":124},[45,92671,109],{"class":59},[45,92673,316],{"class":315},[45,92675,109],{"class":59},[45,92677,59975],{"class":124},[45,92679,109],{"class":59},[45,92681,234],{"class":202},[45,92683,73],{"class":59},[45,92685,6347],{"class":202},[45,92687,2905],{"class":59},[45,92689,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700,92702,92704,92706,92708,92710,92712,92714],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,92691,125],{"class":124},[45,92693,109],{"class":59},[45,92695,316],{"class":315},[45,92697,109],{"class":59},[45,92699,59975],{"class":124},[45,92701,109],{"class":59},[45,92703,585],{"class":202},[45,92705,73],{"class":59},[45,92707,3827],{"class":202},[45,92709,73],{"class":59},[45,92711,2218],{"class":55},[45,92713,234],{"class":202},[45,92715,2905],{"class":59},[45,92717,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726,92728,92730,92732],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,92719,125],{"class":124},[45,92721,109],{"class":59},[45,92723,1811],{"class":315},[45,92725,109],{"class":59},[45,92727,59975],{"class":124},[45,92729,109],{"class":59},[45,92731,2131],{"class":202},[45,92733,2905],{"class":59},[14,92735,25991],{},[157,92737,92738,92741,92744],{},[160,92739,92740],{},"what values are being created",[160,92742,92743],{},"whether the direction is correct",[160,92745,92746,92747,24600],{},"whether you are working with a ",[18,92748,59975],{},[31,92750,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,92752,175,92754,92756],{"id":92753},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[18,92755,36178],{}," include the last number?",[14,92758,92759],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1864,92761,5148,92763,92765,92766,2485],{"id":92762},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[18,92764,90692],{}," start at ",[18,92767,2114],{},[14,92769,92770,92771,102],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,92772,2114],{},[1864,92774,5160,92776,92778],{"id":92775},"can-range-count-backward",[18,92777,36178],{}," count backward?",[14,92780,92781,92782,102],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[18,92783,92784],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1864,92786,14889,92788,26026],{"id":92787},"is-range-a-list",[18,92789,36178],{},[14,92791,26029,92792,92794,92795,23921],{},[18,92793,59975],{}," object. Use ",[18,92796,92797],{},"list(range(...))",[1864,92799,5148,92801,48666],{"id":92800},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[18,92802,92803],{},"range(input())",[14,92805,92806,3477,92808,102],{},[18,92807,2951],{},[18,92809,92810],{},"int(input())",[31,92812,1909],{"id":1908},[157,92814,92815,92819,92825,92831,92837],{},[160,92816,92817],{},[364,92818,36010],{"href":36009},[160,92820,92821],{},[364,92822,3569,92823,3502],{"href":42339},[18,92824,42342],{},[160,92826,92827],{},[364,92828,3569,92829,3502],{"href":91861},[18,92830,35731],{},[160,92832,92833],{},[364,92834,37499,92835,36589],{"href":36585},[18,92836,35731],{},[160,92838,92839],{},[364,92840,50506,92841],{"href":50505},[18,92842,50509],{},[1936,92844,92845],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":92847},[92848,92849,92851,92857,92865,92872,92874,92886,92887,92899],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":90701,"depth":96,"text":92850},"What range() does",{"id":90794,"depth":96,"text":92852,"children":92853},"range() syntax",[92854,92855,92856],{"id":90874,"depth":121,"text":90877},{"id":90938,"depth":121,"text":90941},{"id":91006,"depth":121,"text":91009},{"id":91077,"depth":96,"text":91078,"children":92858},[92859,92860,92861,92862,92863],{"id":91084,"depth":121,"text":90692},{"id":91147,"depth":121,"text":91150},{"id":91211,"depth":121,"text":91214},{"id":91287,"depth":121,"text":91288},{"id":76651,"depth":121,"text":92864},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91446,"depth":96,"text":92866,"children":92867},"Using range() in a for loop",[92868,92869,92870],{"id":91548,"depth":121,"text":91549},{"id":91593,"depth":121,"text":91594},{"id":91673,"depth":121,"text":92871},"range() and indexing",{"id":91948,"depth":96,"text":92873},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":92875},[92876,92877,92879,92880,92882,92884],{"id":92131,"depth":121,"text":92132},{"id":92227,"depth":121,"text":92878},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92293,"depth":121,"text":92294},{"id":92428,"depth":121,"text":92881},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92485,"depth":121,"text":92883},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92519,"depth":121,"text":92885},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92623,"depth":96,"text":92624},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":92888},[92889,92891,92893,92895,92897],{"id":92753,"depth":121,"text":92890},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92762,"depth":121,"text":92892},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92775,"depth":121,"text":92894},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92787,"depth":121,"text":92896},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92800,"depth":121,"text":92898},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90595,"description":92900},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92907,"title":92908,"body":92909,"description":94582,"extension":1958,"meta":94583,"navigation":241,"path":94584,"seo":94585,"stem":94586,"__hash__":94587},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92910,"toc":94555},[92911,92920,92927,92944,92960,92962,93011,93019,93023,93026,93046,93048,93112,93114,93157,93160,93206,93208,93241,93251,93257,93265,93282,93284,93315,93317,93342,93347,93358,93361,93431,93433,93464,93469,93474,93491,93493,93544,93546,93579,93582,93589,93594,93598,93614,93616,93660,93662,93708,93711,93724,93729,93733,93747,93749,93800,93802,93835,93840,93842,93849,93851,93874,93876,93941,93943,93960,93963,93996,93998,94026,94036,94043,94047,94050,94068,94071,94099,94102,94120,94125,94131,94134,94156,94158,94186,94188,94191,94216,94219,94332,94334,94413,94415,94421,94426,94434,94442,94446,94449,94451,94484,94486,94494,94500,94507,94514,94517,94519,94552],[10,92912,3569,92914,10572,92916,92919],{"id":92913},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[18,92915,36178],{},[18,92917,92918],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,92921,92922,1301,92924,92926],{},[18,92923,36178],{},[18,92925,92918],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[157,92928,92929,92937],{},[160,92930,92931,92933,92934],{},[18,92932,36178],{}," creates a ",[26,92935,92936],{},"range object",[160,92938,92939,92933,92941],{},[18,92940,92918],{},[26,92942,92943],{},"real list",[14,92945,92946,92947,92949,92950,92953,92954,92956,92957,92959],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[18,92948,90692],{}," to behave exactly like ",[18,92951,92952],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[18,92955,36178],{}," for looping, and only use ",[18,92958,92918],{}," when you actually need a list.",[31,92961,3603],{"id":3602},[36,92963,92965],{"className":38,"code":92964,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,92966,92967,92981,92994],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92968,92969,92971,92973,92975,92977,92979],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92970,195],{"class":51},[45,92972,56],{"class":55},[45,92974,54053],{"class":124},[45,92976,109],{"class":59},[45,92978,2131],{"class":202},[45,92980,118],{"class":59},[45,92982,92983,92985,92987,92989,92991],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,92984,125],{"class":124},[45,92986,109],{"class":59},[45,92988,251],{"class":105},[45,92990,3654],{"class":59},[45,92992,92993],{"class":137},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[45,92995,92996,92998,93000,93002,93004,93006,93008],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,92997,125],{"class":124},[45,92999,109],{"class":59},[45,93001,316],{"class":315},[45,93003,109],{"class":59},[45,93005,251],{"class":105},[45,93007,5353],{"class":59},[45,93009,93010],{"class":137},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,93012,141,93013,93015,93016,93018],{},[18,93014,36178],{}," for looping. Use ",[18,93017,92918],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[31,93020,93022],{"id":93021},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,93024,93025],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[157,93027,93028,93035,93040,93043],{},[160,93029,93030,21959,93032,93034],{},[18,93031,36178],{},[26,93033,92936],{},", not a list",[160,93036,93037,93039],{},[18,93038,92918],{}," converts that range object into a list",[160,93041,93042],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[160,93044,93045],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,93047,345],{},[36,93049,93051],{"className":38,"code":93050,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[18,93052,93053,93068,93087,93091,93101],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93054,93055,93058,93060,93062,93064,93066],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93056,93057],{"class":51},"r ",[45,93059,56],{"class":55},[45,93061,54053],{"class":124},[45,93063,109],{"class":59},[45,93065,2131],{"class":202},[45,93067,118],{"class":59},[45,93069,93070,93073,93075,93077,93079,93081,93083,93085],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93071,93072],{"class":51},"lst ",[45,93074,56],{"class":55},[45,93076,1114],{"class":315},[45,93078,109],{"class":59},[45,93080,59975],{"class":124},[45,93082,109],{"class":59},[45,93084,2131],{"class":202},[45,93086,1802],{"class":59},[45,93088,93089],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93090,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,93092,93093,93095,93097,93099],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,93094,125],{"class":124},[45,93096,109],{"class":59},[45,93098,60482],{"class":105},[45,93100,118],{"class":59},[45,93102,93103,93105,93107,93110],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,93104,125],{"class":124},[45,93106,109],{"class":59},[45,93108,93109],{"class":105},"lst",[45,93111,118],{"class":59},[14,93113,268],{},[36,93115,93117],{"className":38,"code":93116,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,93118,93119,93133],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93120,93121,93123,93125,93127,93129,93131],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93122,59975],{"class":124},[45,93124,109],{"class":59},[45,93126,2114],{"class":202},[45,93128,73],{"class":59},[45,93130,4596],{"class":202},[45,93132,118],{"class":59},[45,93134,93135,93137,93139,93141,93143,93145,93147,93149,93151,93153,93155],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93136,278],{"class":59},[45,93138,2114],{"class":202},[45,93140,73],{"class":59},[45,93142,5488],{"class":202},[45,93144,73],{"class":59},[45,93146,208],{"class":202},[45,93148,73],{"class":59},[45,93150,213],{"class":202},[45,93152,73],{"class":59},[45,93154,2450],{"class":202},[45,93156,93],{"class":59},[14,93158,93159],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[36,93161,93163],{"className":38,"code":93162,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[18,93164,93165,93183],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93166,93167,93169,93171,93173,93175,93177,93179,93181],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93168,125],{"class":124},[45,93170,109],{"class":59},[45,93172,1811],{"class":315},[45,93174,109],{"class":59},[45,93176,59975],{"class":124},[45,93178,109],{"class":59},[45,93180,2131],{"class":202},[45,93182,2905],{"class":59},[45,93184,93185,93187,93189,93191,93193,93195,93197,93199,93201,93203],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93186,125],{"class":124},[45,93188,109],{"class":59},[45,93190,1811],{"class":315},[45,93192,109],{"class":59},[45,93194,316],{"class":315},[45,93196,109],{"class":59},[45,93198,59975],{"class":124},[45,93200,109],{"class":59},[45,93202,2131],{"class":202},[45,93204,93205],{"class":59},"))))\n",[14,93207,268],{},[36,93209,93211],{"className":38,"code":93210,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,93212,93213,93227],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93214,93215,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93216,3284],{"class":55},[45,93218,3287],{"class":2059},[45,93220,438],{"class":63},[45,93222,59975],{"class":67},[45,93224,429],{"class":63},[45,93226,3296],{"class":55},[45,93228,93229,93231,93233,93235,93237,93239],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93230,3284],{"class":55},[45,93232,3287],{"class":2059},[45,93234,438],{"class":63},[45,93236,316],{"class":67},[45,93238,429],{"class":63},[45,93240,3296],{"class":55},[14,93242,93243,93244,93246,93247,102],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[18,93245,36178],{}," works, see ",[364,93248,3569,93249,3502],{"href":92902},[18,93250,36178],{},[31,93252,3671,93254,93256],{"id":93253},"what-range-gives-you",[18,93255,36178],{}," gives you",[14,93258,93259,93261,93262,93264],{},[18,93260,36178],{}," is most often used in ",[18,93263,970],{}," loops.",[157,93266,93267,93270,93273,93276],{},[160,93268,93269],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[160,93271,93272],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[160,93274,93275],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[160,93277,93278,93279],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[18,93280,93281],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93283,345],{},[36,93285,93287],{"className":38,"code":93286,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[18,93288,93289,93305],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93290,93291,93293,93295,93297,93299,93301,93303],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93292,970],{"class":969},[45,93294,69519],{"class":51},[45,93296,976],{"class":969},[45,93298,54053],{"class":124},[45,93300,109],{"class":59},[45,93302,2131],{"class":202},[45,93304,8327],{"class":59},[45,93306,93307,93309,93311,93313],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93308,8055],{"class":124},[45,93310,109],{"class":59},[45,93312,36134],{"class":105},[45,93314,118],{"class":59},[14,93316,268],{},[36,93318,93320],{"className":38,"code":93319,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[18,93321,93322,93326,93330,93334,93338],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93323,93324],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93325,47233],{"class":202},[45,93327,93328],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93329,46898],{"class":202},[45,93331,93332],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93333,17042],{"class":202},[45,93335,93336],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,93337,46598],{"class":202},[45,93339,93340],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,93341,48632],{"class":202},[14,93343,20757,93344,93346],{},[18,93345,90692],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93348,93349,93350,93352,93353,102],{},"This is one reason ",[18,93351,36178],{}," is so common with ",[364,93354,3569,93356,90723],{"href":93355},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[18,93357,970],{},[14,93359,93360],{},"You can also inspect it:",[36,93362,93364],{"className":38,"code":93363,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[18,93365,93366,93388,93392,93402,93416],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93367,93368,93370,93372,93374,93376,93378,93380,93382,93384,93386],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93369,93057],{"class":51},[45,93371,56],{"class":55},[45,93373,54053],{"class":124},[45,93375,109],{"class":59},[45,93377,234],{"class":202},[45,93379,73],{"class":59},[45,93381,5991],{"class":202},[45,93383,73],{"class":59},[45,93385,208],{"class":202},[45,93387,118],{"class":59},[45,93389,93390],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93391,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,93393,93394,93396,93398,93400],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93395,125],{"class":124},[45,93397,109],{"class":59},[45,93399,60482],{"class":105},[45,93401,118],{"class":59},[45,93403,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,93405,125],{"class":124},[45,93407,109],{"class":59},[45,93409,11150],{"class":124},[45,93411,109],{"class":59},[45,93413,60482],{"class":105},[45,93415,1802],{"class":59},[45,93417,93418,93420,93422,93424,93426,93429],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,93419,125],{"class":124},[45,93421,109],{"class":59},[45,93423,80432],{"class":202},[45,93425,1134],{"class":969},[45,93427,93428],{"class":105}," r",[45,93430,118],{"class":59},[14,93432,268],{},[36,93434,93436],{"className":38,"code":93435,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[18,93437,93438,93456,93460],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93439,93440,93442,93444,93446,93448,93450,93452,93454],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93441,59975],{"class":124},[45,93443,109],{"class":59},[45,93445,234],{"class":202},[45,93447,73],{"class":59},[45,93449,5991],{"class":202},[45,93451,73],{"class":59},[45,93453,208],{"class":202},[45,93455,118],{"class":59},[45,93457,93458],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93459,48632],{"class":202},[45,93461,93462],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93463,3971],{"class":291},[31,93465,3671,93467,93256],{"id":93466},"what-listrange-gives-you",[18,93468,92918],{},[14,93470,93471,93473],{},[18,93472,92918],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[157,93475,93476,93479,93482,93485],{},[160,93477,93478],{},"It creates all values at once",[160,93480,93481],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[160,93483,93484],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[160,93486,93487,93488,93490],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[18,93489,36178],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93492,345],{},[36,93494,93496],{"className":38,"code":93495,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,93497,93498,93516,93520,93530],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93499,93500,93502,93504,93506,93508,93510,93512,93514],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93501,195],{"class":51},[45,93503,56],{"class":55},[45,93505,1114],{"class":315},[45,93507,109],{"class":59},[45,93509,59975],{"class":124},[45,93511,109],{"class":59},[45,93513,2131],{"class":202},[45,93515,1802],{"class":59},[45,93517,93518],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93519,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,93521,93522,93524,93526,93528],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93523,125],{"class":124},[45,93525,109],{"class":59},[45,93527,251],{"class":105},[45,93529,118],{"class":59},[45,93531,93532,93534,93536,93538,93540,93542],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,93533,125],{"class":124},[45,93535,109],{"class":59},[45,93537,251],{"class":105},[45,93539,278],{"class":59},[45,93541,234],{"class":202},[45,93543,3880],{"class":59},[14,93545,268],{},[36,93547,93549],{"className":38,"code":93548,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[18,93550,93551,93575],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93552,93553,93555,93557,93559,93561,93563,93565,93567,93569,93571,93573],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93554,278],{"class":59},[45,93556,2114],{"class":202},[45,93558,73],{"class":59},[45,93560,5488],{"class":202},[45,93562,73],{"class":59},[45,93564,208],{"class":202},[45,93566,73],{"class":59},[45,93568,213],{"class":202},[45,93570,73],{"class":59},[45,93572,2450],{"class":202},[45,93574,93],{"class":59},[45,93576,93577],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93578,17042],{"class":202},[14,93580,93581],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93583,93584,93585,102],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[364,93586,3569,93587,3502],{"href":64825},[18,93588,24763],{},[31,93590,4952,93592],{"id":93591},"when-to-use-range",[18,93593,36178],{},[14,93595,141,93596,10588],{},[18,93597,36178],{},[157,93599,93600,93605,93608,93611],{},[160,93601,93602,93603,91452],{},"You are writing a ",[18,93604,970],{},[160,93606,93607],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[160,93609,93610],{},"You are working with large sequences",[160,93612,93613],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93615,345],{},[36,93617,93619],{"className":38,"code":93618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[18,93620,93621,93641],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93622,93623,93625,93627,93629,93631,93633,93635,93637,93639],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93624,970],{"class":969},[45,93626,69519],{"class":51},[45,93628,976],{"class":969},[45,93630,54053],{"class":124},[45,93632,109],{"class":59},[45,93634,203],{"class":202},[45,93636,73],{"class":59},[45,93638,37624],{"class":202},[45,93640,8327],{"class":59},[45,93642,93643,93645,93647,93649,93652,93654,93656,93658],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93644,8055],{"class":124},[45,93646,109],{"class":59},[45,93648,64],{"class":63},[45,93650,93651],{"class":67},"Count:",[45,93653,64],{"class":63},[45,93655,73],{"class":59},[45,93657,36110],{"class":105},[45,93659,118],{"class":59},[14,93661,268],{},[36,93663,93665],{"className":38,"code":93664,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[18,93666,93667,93676,93684,93692,93700],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93668,93669,93672,93674],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93670,93671],{"class":51},"Count",[45,93673,1111],{"class":59},[45,93675,29596],{"class":202},[45,93677,93678,93680,93682],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93679,93671],{"class":51},[45,93681,1111],{"class":59},[45,93683,45571],{"class":202},[45,93685,93686,93688,93690],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93687,93671],{"class":51},[45,93689,1111],{"class":59},[45,93691,2571],{"class":202},[45,93693,93694,93696,93698],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,93695,93671],{"class":51},[45,93697,1111],{"class":59},[45,93699,23646],{"class":202},[45,93701,93702,93704,93706],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,93703,93671],{"class":51},[45,93705,1111],{"class":59},[45,93707,34823],{"class":202},[14,93709,93710],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93712,93713,93714,93716,93717,62265,93719,102],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[18,93715,35731],{}," is often a better choice than ",[18,93718,36579],{},[364,93720,36586,93722,36589],{"href":93721},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[18,93723,35731],{},[31,93725,4952,93727],{"id":93726},"when-to-use-listrange",[18,93728,92918],{},[14,93730,141,93731,10588],{},[18,93732,92918],{},[157,93734,93735,93738,93741,93744],{},[160,93736,93737],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[160,93739,93740],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[160,93742,93743],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[160,93745,93746],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93748,345],{},[36,93750,93752],{"className":38,"code":93751,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,93753,93754,93772,93786,93790],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93755,93756,93758,93760,93762,93764,93766,93768,93770],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93757,195],{"class":51},[45,93759,56],{"class":55},[45,93761,1114],{"class":315},[45,93763,109],{"class":59},[45,93765,59975],{"class":124},[45,93767,109],{"class":59},[45,93769,2131],{"class":202},[45,93771,1802],{"class":59},[45,93773,93774,93776,93778,93780,93782,93784],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93775,251],{"class":51},[45,93777,102],{"class":59},[45,93779,13538],{"class":105},[45,93781,109],{"class":59},[45,93783,2131],{"class":202},[45,93785,118],{"class":59},[45,93787,93788],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93789,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,93791,93792,93794,93796,93798],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,93793,125],{"class":124},[45,93795,109],{"class":59},[45,93797,251],{"class":105},[45,93799,118],{"class":59},[14,93801,268],{},[36,93803,93805],{"className":38,"code":93804,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,93806,93807],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93808,93809,93811,93813,93815,93817,93819,93821,93823,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93810,278],{"class":59},[45,93812,2114],{"class":202},[45,93814,73],{"class":59},[45,93816,5488],{"class":202},[45,93818,73],{"class":59},[45,93820,208],{"class":202},[45,93822,73],{"class":59},[45,93824,213],{"class":202},[45,93826,73],{"class":59},[45,93828,2450],{"class":202},[45,93830,73],{"class":59},[45,93832,4596],{"class":202},[45,93834,93],{"class":59},[14,93836,6047,93837,93839],{},[18,93838,251],{}," is a list.",[31,93841,15583],{"id":15582},[14,93843,93844,93846,93847,102],{},[18,93845,36178],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[26,93848,37578],{},[14,93850,2101],{},[157,93852,93853,93855,93860,93865,93868],{},[160,93854,21969],{},[160,93856,93857,93858],{},"You can check its length with ",[18,93859,42342],{},[160,93861,93862,93863],{},"You can test membership with ",[18,93864,976],{},[160,93866,93867],{},"You can index it",[160,93869,93870,93871,93873],{},"But list methods such as ",[18,93872,52635],{}," do not work on it",[14,93875,345],{},[36,93877,93879],{"className":38,"code":93878,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[18,93880,93881,93895,93899,93913,93927],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93882,93883,93885,93887,93889,93891,93893],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93884,93057],{"class":51},[45,93886,56],{"class":55},[45,93888,54053],{"class":124},[45,93890,109],{"class":59},[45,93892,2131],{"class":202},[45,93894,118],{"class":59},[45,93896,93897],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93898,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,93900,93901,93903,93905,93907,93909,93911],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93902,125],{"class":124},[45,93904,109],{"class":59},[45,93906,60482],{"class":105},[45,93908,278],{"class":59},[45,93910,234],{"class":202},[45,93912,3880],{"class":59},[45,93914,93915,93917,93919,93921,93923,93925],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,93916,125],{"class":124},[45,93918,109],{"class":59},[45,93920,11150],{"class":124},[45,93922,109],{"class":59},[45,93924,60482],{"class":105},[45,93926,1802],{"class":59},[45,93928,93929,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,93930,125],{"class":124},[45,93932,109],{"class":59},[45,93934,2056],{"class":202},[45,93936,1134],{"class":969},[45,93938,93428],{"class":105},[45,93940,118],{"class":59},[14,93942,268],{},[36,93944,93946],{"className":38,"code":93945,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[18,93947,93948,93952,93956],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93949,93950],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93951,17042],{"class":202},[45,93953,93954],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93955,2940],{"class":202},[45,93957,93958],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93959,3971],{"class":291},[14,93961,93962],{},"Now compare that with this:",[36,93964,93966],{"className":38,"code":93965,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[18,93967,93968,93982],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93969,93970,93972,93974,93976,93978,93980],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93971,93057],{"class":51},[45,93973,56],{"class":55},[45,93975,54053],{"class":124},[45,93977,109],{"class":59},[45,93979,2131],{"class":202},[45,93981,118],{"class":59},[45,93983,93984,93986,93988,93990,93992,93994],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,93985,60482],{"class":51},[45,93987,102],{"class":59},[45,93989,13538],{"class":105},[45,93991,109],{"class":59},[45,93993,2131],{"class":202},[45,93995,118],{"class":59},[14,93997,268],{},[36,93999,94001],{"className":38,"code":94000,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[18,94002,94003],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94004,94005,94007,94009,94011,94013,94015,94017,94020,94022,94024],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94006,25654],{"class":315},[45,94008,1111],{"class":59},[45,94010,438],{"class":63},[45,94012,59975],{"class":67},[45,94014,429],{"class":63},[45,94016,24600],{"class":315},[45,94018,94019],{"class":51}," has no attribute ",[45,94021,429],{"class":63},[45,94023,13538],{"class":67},[45,94025,29681],{"class":63},[14,94027,94028,94029,2185,94031,2189,94033,94035],{},"If you need methods like ",[18,94030,52635],{},[18,94032,154],{},[18,94034,64289],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,94037,94038,94039,102],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[364,94040,25662,94041],{"href":35401},[18,94042,34236],{},[31,94044,94046],{"id":94045},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,94048,94049],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[36,94051,94052],{"className":38,"code":92528,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,94053,94054],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94055,94056,94058,94060,94062,94064,94066],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94057,125],{"class":124},[45,94059,109],{"class":59},[45,94061,59975],{"class":124},[45,94063,109],{"class":59},[45,94065,2131],{"class":202},[45,94067,1802],{"class":59},[14,94069,94070],{},"to show:",[36,94072,94073],{"className":38,"code":59998,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,94074,94075],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94076,94077,94079,94081,94083,94085,94087,94089,94091,94093,94095,94097],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94078,278],{"class":59},[45,94080,2114],{"class":202},[45,94082,73],{"class":59},[45,94084,5488],{"class":202},[45,94086,73],{"class":59},[45,94088,208],{"class":202},[45,94090,73],{"class":59},[45,94092,213],{"class":202},[45,94094,73],{"class":59},[45,94096,2450],{"class":202},[45,94098,93],{"class":59},[14,94100,94101],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[36,94103,94104],{"className":38,"code":92549,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,94105,94106],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94107,94108,94110,94112,94114,94116,94118],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94109,59975],{"class":124},[45,94111,109],{"class":59},[45,94113,2114],{"class":202},[45,94115,73],{"class":59},[45,94117,4596],{"class":202},[45,94119,118],{"class":59},[14,94121,4619,94122,94124],{},[26,94123,178],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94126,94127,94128,94130],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[26,94129,92936],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94132,94133],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[36,94135,94136],{"className":38,"code":90885,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,94137,94138],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94139,94140,94142,94144,94146,94148,94150,94152,94154],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94141,125],{"class":124},[45,94143,109],{"class":59},[45,94145,316],{"class":315},[45,94147,109],{"class":59},[45,94149,59975],{"class":124},[45,94151,109],{"class":59},[45,94153,2131],{"class":202},[45,94155,2905],{"class":59},[14,94157,268],{},[36,94159,94160],{"className":38,"code":59998,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,94161,94162],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94163,94164,94166,94168,94170,94172,94174,94176,94178,94180,94182,94184],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94165,278],{"class":59},[45,94167,2114],{"class":202},[45,94169,73],{"class":59},[45,94171,5488],{"class":202},[45,94173,73],{"class":59},[45,94175,208],{"class":202},[45,94177,73],{"class":59},[45,94179,213],{"class":202},[45,94181,73],{"class":59},[45,94183,2450],{"class":202},[45,94185,93],{"class":59},[31,94187,1709],{"id":1708},[14,94189,94190],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[157,94192,94193,94199,94202,94208],{},[160,94194,1736,94195,94198],{},[18,94196,94197],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[160,94200,94201],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[160,94203,94204,94205,94207],{},"Not realizing that ",[18,94206,36178],{}," is iterable but not a list",[160,94209,1736,94210,94212,94213,94215],{},[18,94211,92918],{}," when plain ",[18,94214,36178],{}," would be simpler",[14,94217,94218],{},"These quick checks can help:",[36,94220,94222],{"className":38,"code":94221,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[18,94223,94224,94238,94256,94274,94296,94314],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94225,94226,94228,94230,94232,94234,94236],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94227,125],{"class":124},[45,94229,109],{"class":59},[45,94231,59975],{"class":124},[45,94233,109],{"class":59},[45,94235,2131],{"class":202},[45,94237,1802],{"class":59},[45,94239,94240,94242,94244,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,94241,125],{"class":124},[45,94243,109],{"class":59},[45,94245,316],{"class":315},[45,94247,109],{"class":59},[45,94249,59975],{"class":124},[45,94251,109],{"class":59},[45,94253,2131],{"class":202},[45,94255,2905],{"class":59},[45,94257,94258,94260,94262,94264,94266,94268,94270,94272],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,94259,125],{"class":124},[45,94261,109],{"class":59},[45,94263,1811],{"class":315},[45,94265,109],{"class":59},[45,94267,59975],{"class":124},[45,94269,109],{"class":59},[45,94271,2131],{"class":202},[45,94273,2905],{"class":59},[45,94275,94276,94278,94280,94282,94284,94286,94288,94290,94292,94294],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,94277,125],{"class":124},[45,94279,109],{"class":59},[45,94281,1811],{"class":315},[45,94283,109],{"class":59},[45,94285,316],{"class":315},[45,94287,109],{"class":59},[45,94289,59975],{"class":124},[45,94291,109],{"class":59},[45,94293,2131],{"class":202},[45,94295,93205],{"class":59},[45,94297,94298,94300,94302,94304,94306,94308,94310,94312],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,94299,125],{"class":124},[45,94301,109],{"class":59},[45,94303,2056],{"class":202},[45,94305,1134],{"class":969},[45,94307,54053],{"class":124},[45,94309,109],{"class":59},[45,94311,2131],{"class":202},[45,94313,1802],{"class":59},[45,94315,94316,94318,94320,94322,94324,94326,94328,94330],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,94317,125],{"class":124},[45,94319,109],{"class":59},[45,94321,11150],{"class":124},[45,94323,109],{"class":59},[45,94325,59975],{"class":124},[45,94327,109],{"class":59},[45,94329,2131],{"class":202},[45,94331,2905],{"class":59},[14,94333,268],{},[36,94335,94337],{"className":38,"code":94336,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[18,94338,94339,94353,94377,94391,94405,94409],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94340,94341,94343,94345,94347,94349,94351],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94342,59975],{"class":124},[45,94344,109],{"class":59},[45,94346,2114],{"class":202},[45,94348,73],{"class":59},[45,94350,4596],{"class":202},[45,94352,118],{"class":59},[45,94354,94355,94357,94359,94361,94363,94365,94367,94369,94371,94373,94375],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,94356,278],{"class":59},[45,94358,2114],{"class":202},[45,94360,73],{"class":59},[45,94362,5488],{"class":202},[45,94364,73],{"class":59},[45,94366,208],{"class":202},[45,94368,73],{"class":59},[45,94370,213],{"class":202},[45,94372,73],{"class":59},[45,94374,2450],{"class":202},[45,94376,93],{"class":59},[45,94378,94379,94381,94383,94385,94387,94389],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,94380,3284],{"class":55},[45,94382,3287],{"class":2059},[45,94384,438],{"class":63},[45,94386,59975],{"class":67},[45,94388,429],{"class":63},[45,94390,3296],{"class":55},[45,94392,94393,94395,94397,94399,94401,94403],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,94394,3284],{"class":55},[45,94396,3287],{"class":2059},[45,94398,438],{"class":63},[45,94400,316],{"class":67},[45,94402,429],{"class":63},[45,94404,3296],{"class":55},[45,94406,94407],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,94408,3971],{"class":291},[45,94410,94411],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,94412,2940],{"class":202},[31,94414,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,94416,14889,94418,94420],{"id":94417},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[18,94419,36178],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94422,46346,94423,94425],{},[18,94424,36178],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1864,94427,94429,94430,11080,94432,2485],{"id":94428},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[18,94431,36178],{},[18,94433,92918],{},[14,94435,94436,94438,94439,94441],{},[18,94437,36178],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[18,94440,92918],{}," creates a full list.",[1864,94443,94445],{"id":94444},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94447,94448],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94450,345],{},[36,94452,94454],{"className":38,"code":94453,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[18,94455,94456,94470],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94457,94458,94460,94462,94464,94466,94468],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94459,93057],{"class":51},[45,94461,56],{"class":55},[45,94463,54053],{"class":124},[45,94465,109],{"class":59},[45,94467,2131],{"class":202},[45,94469,118],{"class":59},[45,94471,94472,94474,94476,94478,94480,94482],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,94473,125],{"class":124},[45,94475,109],{"class":59},[45,94477,60482],{"class":105},[45,94479,278],{"class":59},[45,94481,203],{"class":202},[45,94483,3880],{"class":59},[14,94485,268],{},[36,94487,94488],{"className":38,"code":46898,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,94489,94490],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94491,94492],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94493,46898],{"class":202},[1864,94495,5148,94497,94499],{"id":94496},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[18,94498,94197],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94501,94502,94503,94506],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[18,94504,94505],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1864,94508,94510,94511,94513],{"id":94509},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[18,94512,36178],{}," to a list?",[14,94515,94516],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[31,94518,1909],{"id":1908},[157,94520,94521,94527,94533,94540,94546],{},[160,94522,94523],{},[364,94524,3569,94525,3502],{"href":92902},[18,94526,36178],{},[160,94528,94529],{},[364,94530,3569,94531,3502],{"href":64825},[18,94532,24763],{},[160,94534,94535],{},[364,94536,3569,94537,94539],{"href":93355},[18,94538,970],{}," loops explained",[160,94541,94542],{},[364,94543,37499,94544,36589],{"href":93721},[18,94545,35731],{},[160,94547,94548],{},[364,94549,26105,94550],{"href":35401},[18,94551,34236],{},[1936,94553,94554],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":94556},[94557,94558,94559,94561,94563,94565,94567,94568,94569,94570,94581],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":93021,"depth":96,"text":93022},{"id":93253,"depth":96,"text":94560},"What range() gives you",{"id":93466,"depth":96,"text":94562},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93591,"depth":96,"text":94564},"When to use range()",{"id":93726,"depth":96,"text":94566},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15582,"depth":96,"text":15583},{"id":94045,"depth":96,"text":94046},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":94571},[94572,94574,94576,94577,94579],{"id":94417,"depth":121,"text":94573},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94428,"depth":121,"text":94575},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94444,"depth":121,"text":94445},{"id":94496,"depth":121,"text":94578},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94509,"depth":121,"text":94580},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92908,"description":94582},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94589,"title":94590,"body":94591,"description":96027,"extension":1958,"meta":96028,"navigation":241,"path":96029,"seo":96030,"stem":96031,"__hash__":96032},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94592,"toc":95993},[94593,94599,94604,94607,94621,94624,94626,94665,94667,94680,94688,94693,94709,94712,94714,94716,94737,94754,94757,94816,94818,94837,94842,94848,94851,94885,94887,94900,94903,94948,94950,94973,94980,94986,94989,95030,95032,95046,95049,95107,95109,95124,95137,95143,95149,95214,95216,95235,95237,95255,95258,95262,95268,95270,95303,95305,95318,95328,95331,95392,95394,95415,95418,95420,95436,95441,95445,95450,95455,95511,95513,95531,95534,95579,95581,95589,95594,95598,95612,95614,95646,95648,95657,95659,95663,95672,95675,95707,95709,95721,95724,95728,95733,95774,95776,95784,95787,95810,95814,95816,95825,95828,95881,95883,95892,95896,95901,95912,95914,95923,95926,95932,95935,95941,95951,95959,95966,95968,95990],[10,94594,3569,94596,3573],{"id":94595},"python-round-function-explained",[18,94597,94598],{},"round()",[14,94600,9108,94601,94603],{},[18,94602,94598],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94605,94606],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[157,94608,94609,94615],{},[160,94610,94611,94614],{},[18,94612,94613],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[160,94616,94617,94620],{},[18,94618,94619],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94622,94623],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[31,94625,34],{"id":33},[36,94627,94629],{"className":38,"code":94628,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[18,94630,94631,94647],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94632,94633,94635,94637,94640,94642,94645],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94634,125],{"class":124},[45,94636,109],{"class":59},[45,94638,94639],{"class":124},"round",[45,94641,109],{"class":59},[45,94643,94644],{"class":202},"3.14159",[45,94646,1802],{"class":59},[45,94648,94649,94651,94653,94655,94657,94659,94661,94663],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,94650,125],{"class":124},[45,94652,109],{"class":59},[45,94654,94639],{"class":124},[45,94656,109],{"class":59},[45,94658,94644],{"class":202},[45,94660,73],{"class":59},[45,94662,208],{"class":202},[45,94664,1802],{"class":59},[14,94666,268],{},[36,94668,94670],{"className":38,"code":94669,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3\n3.14\n",[18,94671,94672,94676],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94673,94674],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94675,46598],{"class":202},[45,94677,94678],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,94679,40159],{"class":202},[14,94681,141,94682,94684,94685,94687],{},[18,94683,94613],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[18,94686,94619],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[31,94689,3671,94691,3674],{"id":94690},"what-round-does",[18,94692,94598],{},[157,94694,94695,94700,94703,94706],{},[160,94696,94697,94699],{},[18,94698,94598],{}," is a built-in Python function",[160,94701,94702],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[160,94704,94705],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[160,94707,94708],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94710,94711],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[31,94713,2153],{"id":2152},[14,94715,2156],{},[36,94717,94719],{"className":38,"code":94718,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[18,94720,94721],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94722,94723,94725,94727,94729,94732,94735],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94724,94639],{"class":124},[45,94726,109],{"class":59},[45,94728,2235],{"class":105},[45,94730,94731],{"class":59},"[,",[45,94733,94734],{"class":105}," ndigits",[45,94736,3880],{"class":59},[157,94738,94739,94744,94749],{},[160,94740,94741,94743],{},[18,94742,2235],{}," is the value to round",[160,94745,94746,20025],{},[18,94747,94748],{},"ndigits",[160,94750,94751,94753],{},[18,94752,94748],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94755,94756],{},"Basic examples:",[36,94758,94760],{"className":38,"code":94759,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[18,94761,94762,94777,94795],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94763,94764,94766,94768,94770,94772,94775],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94765,125],{"class":124},[45,94767,109],{"class":59},[45,94769,94639],{"class":124},[45,94771,109],{"class":59},[45,94773,94774],{"class":202},"7.8",[45,94776,1802],{"class":59},[45,94778,94779,94781,94783,94785,94787,94789,94791,94793],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,94780,125],{"class":124},[45,94782,109],{"class":59},[45,94784,94639],{"class":124},[45,94786,109],{"class":59},[45,94788,94774],{"class":202},[45,94790,73],{"class":59},[45,94792,5488],{"class":202},[45,94794,1802],{"class":59},[45,94796,94797,94799,94801,94803,94805,94808,94810,94812,94814],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,94798,125],{"class":124},[45,94800,109],{"class":59},[45,94802,94639],{"class":124},[45,94804,109],{"class":59},[45,94806,94807],{"class":202},"1234",[45,94809,73],{"class":59},[45,94811,2218],{"class":55},[45,94813,234],{"class":202},[45,94815,1802],{"class":59},[14,94817,268],{},[36,94819,94821],{"className":38,"code":94820,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[18,94822,94823,94827,94832],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94824,94825],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94826,2376],{"class":202},[45,94828,94829],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,94830,94831],{"class":202},"7.8\n",[45,94833,94834],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,94835,94836],{"class":202},"1200\n",[14,94838,94839,94840,102],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[364,94841,2414],{"href":2413},[31,94843,1736,94845,94847],{"id":94844},"using-round-with-one-argument",[18,94846,94598],{}," with one argument",[14,94849,94850],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[36,94852,94854],{"className":38,"code":94853,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[18,94855,94856,94870],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94857,94858,94860,94862,94864,94866,94868],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94859,125],{"class":124},[45,94861,109],{"class":59},[45,94863,94639],{"class":124},[45,94865,109],{"class":59},[45,94867,2357],{"class":202},[45,94869,1802],{"class":59},[45,94871,94872,94874,94876,94878,94880,94883],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,94873,125],{"class":124},[45,94875,109],{"class":59},[45,94877,94639],{"class":124},[45,94879,109],{"class":59},[45,94881,94882],{"class":202},"4.8",[45,94884,1802],{"class":59},[14,94886,268],{},[36,94888,94890],{"className":38,"code":94889,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"4\n5\n",[18,94891,94892,94896],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94893,94894],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94895,48632],{"class":202},[45,94897,94898],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,94899,2940],{"class":202},[14,94901,94902],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[36,94904,94906],{"className":38,"code":94905,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,94907,94908,94924,94934],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94909,94910,94912,94914,94917,94919,94922],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94911,220],{"class":51},[45,94913,56],{"class":55},[45,94915,94916],{"class":124}," round",[45,94918,109],{"class":59},[45,94920,94921],{"class":202},"10.2",[45,94923,118],{"class":59},[45,94925,94926,94928,94930,94932],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,94927,125],{"class":124},[45,94929,109],{"class":59},[45,94931,263],{"class":105},[45,94933,118],{"class":59},[45,94935,94936,94938,94940,94942,94944,94946],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,94937,125],{"class":124},[45,94939,109],{"class":59},[45,94941,1811],{"class":315},[45,94943,109],{"class":59},[45,94945,263],{"class":105},[45,94947,1802],{"class":59},[14,94949,268],{},[36,94951,94953],{"className":38,"code":94952,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,94954,94955,94959],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94956,94957],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94958,2371],{"class":202},[45,94960,94961,94963,94965,94967,94969,94971],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,94962,3284],{"class":55},[45,94964,3287],{"class":2059},[45,94966,438],{"class":63},[45,94968,2184],{"class":67},[45,94970,429],{"class":63},[45,94972,3296],{"class":55},[14,94974,94975,94976,102],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[364,94977,3569,94978,3502],{"href":2868},[18,94979,2871],{},[31,94981,1736,94983,94985],{"id":94982},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[18,94984,94598],{}," with decimal places",[14,94987,94988],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[36,94990,94992],{"className":38,"code":94991,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[18,94993,94994,95012],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94995,94996,94998,95000,95002,95004,95006,95008,95010],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94997,125],{"class":124},[45,94999,109],{"class":59},[45,95001,94639],{"class":124},[45,95003,109],{"class":59},[45,95005,94644],{"class":202},[45,95007,73],{"class":59},[45,95009,208],{"class":202},[45,95011,1802],{"class":59},[45,95013,95014,95016,95018,95020,95022,95024,95026,95028],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95015,125],{"class":124},[45,95017,109],{"class":59},[45,95019,94639],{"class":124},[45,95021,109],{"class":59},[45,95023,94644],{"class":202},[45,95025,73],{"class":59},[45,95027,213],{"class":202},[45,95029,1802],{"class":59},[14,95031,268],{},[36,95033,95035],{"className":38,"code":95034,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3.14\n3.142\n",[18,95036,95037,95041],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95038,95039],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95040,40159],{"class":202},[45,95042,95043],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95044,95045],{"class":202},"3.142\n",[14,95047,95048],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[36,95050,95052],{"className":38,"code":95051,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[18,95053,95054,95063,95082,95086,95096],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95055,95056,95058,95060],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95057,40369],{"class":51},[45,95059,56],{"class":55},[45,95061,95062],{"class":202}," 19.9876\n",[45,95064,95065,95068,95070,95072,95074,95076,95078,95080],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95066,95067],{"class":51},"rounded_price ",[45,95069,56],{"class":55},[45,95071,94916],{"class":124},[45,95073,109],{"class":59},[45,95075,25132],{"class":105},[45,95077,73],{"class":59},[45,95079,208],{"class":202},[45,95081,118],{"class":59},[45,95083,95084],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95085,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,95087,95088,95090,95092,95094],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,95089,125],{"class":124},[45,95091,109],{"class":59},[45,95093,25132],{"class":105},[45,95095,118],{"class":59},[45,95097,95098,95100,95102,95105],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,95099,125],{"class":124},[45,95101,109],{"class":59},[45,95103,95104],{"class":105},"rounded_price",[45,95106,118],{"class":59},[14,95108,268],{},[36,95110,95112],{"className":38,"code":95111,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[18,95113,95114,95119],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95115,95116],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95117,95118],{"class":202},"19.9876\n",[45,95120,95121],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95122,95123],{"class":202},"19.99\n",[14,95125,95126,95127,95130,95131,1742,95133,102],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[18,95128,95129],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[364,95132,40873],{"href":40872},[364,95134,3569,95135,3502],{"href":2874},[18,95136,2877],{},[31,95138,95140,95141],{"id":95139},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[18,95142,94748],{},[14,95144,95145,95146,95148],{},"A negative ",[18,95147,94748],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[36,95150,95152],{"className":38,"code":95151,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[18,95153,95154,95174,95194],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95155,95156,95158,95160,95162,95164,95166,95168,95170,95172],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95157,125],{"class":124},[45,95159,109],{"class":59},[45,95161,94639],{"class":124},[45,95163,109],{"class":59},[45,95165,94807],{"class":202},[45,95167,73],{"class":59},[45,95169,2218],{"class":55},[45,95171,203],{"class":202},[45,95173,1802],{"class":59},[45,95175,95176,95178,95180,95182,95184,95186,95188,95190,95192],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95177,125],{"class":124},[45,95179,109],{"class":59},[45,95181,94639],{"class":124},[45,95183,109],{"class":59},[45,95185,94807],{"class":202},[45,95187,73],{"class":59},[45,95189,2218],{"class":55},[45,95191,234],{"class":202},[45,95193,1802],{"class":59},[45,95195,95196,95198,95200,95202,95204,95206,95208,95210,95212],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95197,125],{"class":124},[45,95199,109],{"class":59},[45,95201,94639],{"class":124},[45,95203,109],{"class":59},[45,95205,94807],{"class":202},[45,95207,73],{"class":59},[45,95209,2218],{"class":55},[45,95211,2056],{"class":202},[45,95213,1802],{"class":59},[14,95215,268],{},[36,95217,95219],{"className":38,"code":95218,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[18,95220,95221,95226,95230],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95222,95223],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95224,95225],{"class":202},"1230\n",[45,95227,95228],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95229,94836],{"class":202},[45,95231,95232],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95233,95234],{"class":202},"1000\n",[14,95236,65559],{},[157,95238,95239,95244,95250],{},[160,95240,95241,95243],{},[18,95242,65825],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[160,95245,95246,95249],{},[18,95247,95248],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[160,95251,95252,95254],{},[18,95253,47652],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95256,95257],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[31,95259,95261],{"id":95260},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95263,95264,95265,102],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[18,95266,95267],{},".5",[14,95269,5462],{},[36,95271,95273],{"className":38,"code":95272,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[18,95274,95275,95289],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95276,95277,95279,95281,95283,95285,95287],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95278,125],{"class":124},[45,95280,109],{"class":59},[45,95282,94639],{"class":124},[45,95284,109],{"class":59},[45,95286,41140],{"class":202},[45,95288,1802],{"class":59},[45,95290,95291,95293,95295,95297,95299,95301],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95292,125],{"class":124},[45,95294,109],{"class":59},[45,95296,94639],{"class":124},[45,95298,109],{"class":59},[45,95300,2034],{"class":202},[45,95302,1802],{"class":59},[14,95304,268],{},[36,95306,95308],{"className":38,"code":95307,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"2\n4\n",[18,95309,95310,95314],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95311,95312],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95313,17042],{"class":202},[45,95315,95316],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95317,48632],{"class":202},[14,95319,95320,95321,95324,95325,95327],{},"Python uses ",[26,95322,95323],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[18,95326,95267],{}," situations.",[14,95329,95330],{},"More examples:",[36,95332,95334],{"className":38,"code":95333,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[18,95335,95336,95350,95364,95378],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95337,95338,95340,95342,95344,95346,95348],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95339,125],{"class":124},[45,95341,109],{"class":59},[45,95343,94639],{"class":124},[45,95345,109],{"class":59},[45,95347,41153],{"class":202},[45,95349,1802],{"class":59},[45,95351,95352,95354,95356,95358,95360,95362],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95353,125],{"class":124},[45,95355,109],{"class":59},[45,95357,94639],{"class":124},[45,95359,109],{"class":59},[45,95361,41140],{"class":202},[45,95363,1802],{"class":59},[45,95365,95366,95368,95370,95372,95374,95376],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95367,125],{"class":124},[45,95369,109],{"class":59},[45,95371,94639],{"class":124},[45,95373,109],{"class":59},[45,95375,2034],{"class":202},[45,95377,1802],{"class":59},[45,95379,95380,95382,95384,95386,95388,95390],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,95381,125],{"class":124},[45,95383,109],{"class":59},[45,95385,94639],{"class":124},[45,95387,109],{"class":59},[45,95389,41105],{"class":202},[45,95391,1802],{"class":59},[14,95393,268],{},[36,95395,95397],{"className":38,"code":95396,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[18,95398,95399,95403,95407,95411],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95400,95401],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95402,17042],{"class":202},[45,95404,95405],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95406,17042],{"class":202},[45,95408,95409],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95410,48632],{"class":202},[45,95412,95413],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,95414,48632],{"class":202},[14,95416,95417],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95419,10700],{},[157,95421,95422,95429],{},[160,95423,95424,2128,95427],{},[18,95425,95426],{},"round(2.5)",[18,95428,234],{},[160,95430,95431,2128,95434],{},[18,95432,95433],{},"round(3.5)",[18,95435,2498],{},[14,95437,3163,95438,95440],{},[18,95439,95267],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[31,95442,95444],{"id":95443},"return-values","Return values",[14,95446,95447,95449],{},[18,95448,94598],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95451,40887,95452,95454],{},[26,95453,178],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[36,95456,95458],{"className":38,"code":95457,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[18,95459,95460,95469,95473,95483,95501],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95461,95462,95464,95466],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95463,1185],{"class":51},[45,95465,56],{"class":55},[45,95467,95468],{"class":202}," 3.14159\n",[45,95470,95471],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95472,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,95474,95475,95477,95479,95481],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95476,125],{"class":124},[45,95478,109],{"class":59},[45,95480,28],{"class":105},[45,95482,118],{"class":59},[45,95484,95485,95487,95489,95491,95493,95495,95497,95499],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,95486,125],{"class":124},[45,95488,109],{"class":59},[45,95490,94639],{"class":124},[45,95492,109],{"class":59},[45,95494,28],{"class":105},[45,95496,73],{"class":59},[45,95498,208],{"class":202},[45,95500,1802],{"class":59},[45,95502,95503,95505,95507,95509],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,95504,125],{"class":124},[45,95506,109],{"class":59},[45,95508,28],{"class":105},[45,95510,118],{"class":59},[14,95512,268],{},[36,95514,95516],{"className":38,"code":95515,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[18,95517,95518,95523,95527],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95519,95520],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95521,95522],{"class":202},"3.14159\n",[45,95524,95525],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95526,40159],{"class":202},[45,95528,95529],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95530,95522],{"class":202},[14,95532,95533],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[36,95535,95537],{"className":38,"code":95536,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95538,95539,95547,95565,95569],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95540,95541,95543,95545],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95542,1185],{"class":51},[45,95544,56],{"class":55},[45,95546,95468],{"class":202},[45,95548,95549,95551,95553,95555,95557,95559,95561,95563],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95550,1185],{"class":51},[45,95552,56],{"class":55},[45,95554,94916],{"class":124},[45,95556,109],{"class":59},[45,95558,28],{"class":105},[45,95560,73],{"class":59},[45,95562,208],{"class":202},[45,95564,118],{"class":59},[45,95566,95567],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95568,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,95570,95571,95573,95575,95577],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,95572,125],{"class":124},[45,95574,109],{"class":59},[45,95576,28],{"class":105},[45,95578,118],{"class":59},[14,95580,268],{},[36,95582,95583],{"className":38,"code":40159,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,95584,95585],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95586,95587],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95588,40159],{"class":202},[31,95590,4952,95592],{"id":95591},"when-to-use-round",[18,95593,94598],{},[14,95595,141,95596,6305],{},[18,95597,94598],{},[157,95599,95600,95603,95606,95609],{},[160,95601,95602],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[160,95604,95605],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[160,95607,95608],{},"Round values before reporting results",[160,95610,95611],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95613,5462],{},[36,95615,95617],{"className":38,"code":95616,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[18,95618,95619,95628],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95620,95621,95623,95625],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95622,2590],{"class":51},[45,95624,56],{"class":55},[45,95626,95627],{"class":202}," 12.67891\n",[45,95629,95630,95632,95634,95636,95638,95640,95642,95644],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95631,125],{"class":124},[45,95633,109],{"class":59},[45,95635,94639],{"class":124},[45,95637,109],{"class":59},[45,95639,2613],{"class":105},[45,95641,73],{"class":59},[45,95643,208],{"class":202},[45,95645,1802],{"class":59},[14,95647,268],{},[36,95649,95651],{"className":38,"code":95650,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"12.68\n",[18,95652,95653],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95654,95655],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95656,95650],{"class":202},[31,95658,1709],{"id":1708},[14,95660,23077,95661,102],{},[18,95662,94598],{},[1864,95664,1722,95666,95668,95669,95671],{"id":95665},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[18,95667,94598],{}," to always round ",[18,95670,95267],{}," upward",[14,95673,95674],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[36,95676,95677],{"className":38,"code":95272,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,95678,95679,95693],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95680,95681,95683,95685,95687,95689,95691],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95682,125],{"class":124},[45,95684,109],{"class":59},[45,95686,94639],{"class":124},[45,95688,109],{"class":59},[45,95690,41140],{"class":202},[45,95692,1802],{"class":59},[45,95694,95695,95697,95699,95701,95703,95705],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95696,125],{"class":124},[45,95698,109],{"class":59},[45,95700,94639],{"class":124},[45,95702,109],{"class":59},[45,95704,2034],{"class":202},[45,95706,1802],{"class":59},[14,95708,268],{},[36,95710,95711],{"className":38,"code":95307,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,95712,95713,95717],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95714,95715],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95716,17042],{"class":202},[45,95718,95719],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95720,48632],{"class":202},[14,95722,95723],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1864,95725,95727],{"id":95726},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95729,95730,95732],{},[18,95731,94598],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[36,95734,95736],{"className":38,"code":95735,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95737,95738,95746,95760,95764],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95739,95740,95742,95744],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95741,1185],{"class":51},[45,95743,56],{"class":55},[45,95745,95468],{"class":202},[45,95747,95748,95750,95752,95754,95756,95758],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95749,94639],{"class":124},[45,95751,109],{"class":59},[45,95753,28],{"class":105},[45,95755,73],{"class":59},[45,95757,208],{"class":202},[45,95759,118],{"class":59},[45,95761,95762],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95763,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,95765,95766,95768,95770,95772],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,95767,125],{"class":124},[45,95769,109],{"class":59},[45,95771,28],{"class":105},[45,95773,118],{"class":59},[14,95775,268],{},[36,95777,95778],{"className":38,"code":95522,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,95779,95780],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95781,95782],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95783,95522],{"class":202},[14,95785,95786],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[36,95788,95790],{"className":38,"code":95789,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[18,95791,95792],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95793,95794,95796,95798,95800,95802,95804,95806,95808],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95795,1185],{"class":51},[45,95797,56],{"class":55},[45,95799,94916],{"class":124},[45,95801,109],{"class":59},[45,95803,28],{"class":105},[45,95805,73],{"class":59},[45,95807,208],{"class":202},[45,95809,118],{"class":59},[1864,95811,95813],{"id":95812},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,95815,16387],{},[36,95817,95819],{"className":38,"code":95818,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[18,95820,95821],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95822,95823],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95824,95818],{"class":137},[14,95826,95827],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[36,95829,95831],{"className":38,"code":95830,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[18,95832,95833,95845,95859,95863],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95834,95835,95837,95839,95841,95843],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95836,34669],{"class":51},[45,95838,56],{"class":55},[45,95840,76],{"class":63},[45,95842,40125],{"class":67},[45,95844,1194],{"class":63},[45,95846,95847,95849,95851,95853,95855,95857],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,95848,2213],{"class":51},[45,95850,56],{"class":55},[45,95852,40237],{"class":315},[45,95854,109],{"class":59},[45,95856,34690],{"class":105},[45,95858,118],{"class":59},[45,95860,95861],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95862,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,95864,95865,95867,95869,95871,95873,95875,95877,95879],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,95866,125],{"class":124},[45,95868,109],{"class":59},[45,95870,94639],{"class":124},[45,95872,109],{"class":59},[45,95874,2235],{"class":105},[45,95876,73],{"class":59},[45,95878,5488],{"class":202},[45,95880,1802],{"class":59},[14,95882,268],{},[36,95884,95886],{"className":38,"code":95885,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3.1\n",[18,95887,95888],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95889,95890],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95891,95885],{"class":202},[1864,95893,95895],{"id":95894},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,95897,95898,95900],{},[18,95899,94598],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,95902,95903,95904,1742,95908,102],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[364,95905,95906],{"href":2874},[18,95907,2877],{},[364,95909,95910],{"href":2868},[18,95911,2871],{},[31,95913,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,95915,175,95917,95919,95920,95922],{"id":95916},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[18,95918,94598],{}," always round ",[18,95921,40196],{}," up?",[14,95924,95925],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1864,95927,175,95929,95931],{"id":95928},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[18,95930,94598],{}," change the original number?",[14,95933,95934],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1864,95936,5160,95938,95940],{"id":95937},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[18,95939,94598],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,95942,95943,95944,95946,95947,1742,95949,102],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[18,95945,94748],{}," value like ",[18,95948,65825],{},[18,95950,95248],{},[1864,95952,28310,95954,95956,95957,2485],{"id":95953},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[18,95955,94598],{}," on a string like ",[18,95958,48076],{},[14,95960,95961,95962,1742,95964,102],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[18,95963,2877],{},[18,95965,2871],{},[31,95967,1909],{"id":1908},[157,95969,95970,95976,95982,95986],{},[160,95971,95972],{},[364,95973,3569,95974,3502],{"href":2874},[18,95975,2877],{},[160,95977,95978],{},[364,95979,3569,95980,3502],{"href":2868},[18,95981,2871],{},[160,95983,95984],{},[364,95985,2414],{"href":2413},[160,95987,95988],{},[364,95989,42162],{"href":40872},[1936,95991,95992],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":95994},[95995,95996,95998,95999,96001,96003,96005,96006,96007,96009,96016,96026],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":94690,"depth":96,"text":95997},"What round() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":94844,"depth":96,"text":96000},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94982,"depth":96,"text":96002},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95139,"depth":96,"text":96004},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95260,"depth":96,"text":95261},{"id":95443,"depth":96,"text":95444},{"id":95591,"depth":96,"text":96008},"When to use round()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":96010},[96011,96013,96014,96015],{"id":95665,"depth":121,"text":96012},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95726,"depth":121,"text":95727},{"id":95812,"depth":121,"text":95813},{"id":95894,"depth":121,"text":95895},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":96017},[96018,96020,96022,96024],{"id":95916,"depth":121,"text":96019},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95928,"depth":121,"text":96021},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95937,"depth":121,"text":96023},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95953,"depth":121,"text":96025},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94590,"description":96027},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96034,"title":96035,"body":96036,"description":97221,"extension":1958,"meta":97222,"navigation":241,"path":97223,"seo":97224,"stem":97225,"__hash__":97226},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96037,"toc":97195},[96038,96045,96051,96054,96056,96105,96109,96134,96139,96144,96149,96163,96174,96176,96195,96197,96213,96216,96227,96229,96231,96292,96296,96329,96336,96343,96346,96379,96382,96386,96389,96442,96446,96467,96473,96480,96487,96548,96556,96633,96637,96649,96658,96660,96666,96672,96676,96729,96732,96790,96794,96802,96805,96809,96812,96822,96824,96921,96924,96935,96938,96981,96985,97009,97012,97018,97020,97024,97049,97051,97118,97127,97129,97135,97140,97144,97147,97151,97158,97162,97167,97169,97186,97192],[10,96039,96041,96042,11311],{"id":96040},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[18,96043,96044],{},"add()",[14,96046,96047,96050],{},[18,96048,96049],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,96052,96053],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[31,96055,34],{"id":33},[36,96057,96059],{"className":38,"code":96058,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96060,96061,96081,96095],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96062,96063,96065,96067,96069,96071,96073,96075,96077,96079],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96064,195],{"class":51},[45,96066,56],{"class":55},[45,96068,10477],{"class":59},[45,96070,203],{"class":202},[45,96072,73],{"class":59},[45,96074,208],{"class":202},[45,96076,73],{"class":59},[45,96078,213],{"class":202},[45,96080,9295],{"class":59},[45,96082,96083,96085,96087,96089,96091,96093],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,96084,251],{"class":51},[45,96086,102],{"class":59},[45,96088,81944],{"class":105},[45,96090,109],{"class":59},[45,96092,2498],{"class":202},[45,96094,118],{"class":59},[45,96096,96097,96099,96101,96103],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96098,125],{"class":124},[45,96100,109],{"class":59},[45,96102,251],{"class":105},[45,96104,118],{"class":59},[14,96106,96107],{},[26,96108,268],{},[36,96110,96112],{"className":38,"code":96111,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,96113,96114],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96115,96116,96118,96120,96122,96124,96126,96128,96130,96132],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96117,9264],{"class":59},[45,96119,203],{"class":202},[45,96121,73],{"class":59},[45,96123,208],{"class":202},[45,96125,73],{"class":59},[45,96127,213],{"class":202},[45,96129,73],{"class":59},[45,96131,2450],{"class":202},[45,96133,9295],{"class":59},[14,96135,141,96136,96138],{},[18,96137,96044],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[31,96140,3671,96142,3674],{"id":96141},"what-setadd-does",[18,96143,96049],{},[14,96145,96146,96148],{},[18,96147,96049],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[157,96150,96151,96154,96157,96160],{},[160,96152,96153],{},"Adds one item to a set",[160,96155,96156],{},"Changes the original set in place",[160,96158,96159],{},"Does not return a new set",[160,96161,96162],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96164,96165,96166,1742,96170,102],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[364,96167,96169],{"href":96168},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[364,96171,96173],{"href":96172},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[31,96175,2153],{"id":2152},[36,96177,96179],{"className":38,"code":96178,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set.add(item)\n",[18,96180,96181],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96182,96183,96185,96187,96189,96191,96193],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96184,15653],{"class":51},[45,96186,102],{"class":59},[45,96188,81944],{"class":105},[45,96190,109],{"class":59},[45,96192,23293],{"class":105},[45,96194,118],{"class":59},[14,96196,11447],{},[157,96198,96199,96204,96207],{},[160,96200,55886,96201,96203],{},[18,96202,96044],{}," on an existing set",[160,96205,96206],{},"Pass exactly one item",[160,96208,96209,96210],{},"The item must be ",[26,96211,96212],{},"hashable",[14,96214,96215],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[157,96217,96218,96220,96222,96225],{},[160,96219,56439],{},[160,96221,56442],{},[160,96223,96224],{},"Tuples",[160,96226,40577],{},[31,96228,11464],{"id":11463},[14,96230,11467],{},[36,96232,96234],{"className":38,"code":96233,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,96235,96236,96260,96278,96282],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96237,96238,96240,96242,96244,96246,96248,96250,96252,96254,96256,96258],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96239,461],{"class":51},[45,96241,56],{"class":55},[45,96243,10477],{"class":59},[45,96245,64],{"class":63},[45,96247,470],{"class":67},[45,96249,64],{"class":63},[45,96251,73],{"class":59},[45,96253,76],{"class":63},[45,96255,479],{"class":67},[45,96257,64],{"class":63},[45,96259,9295],{"class":59},[45,96261,96262,96264,96266,96268,96270,96272,96274,96276],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,96263,497],{"class":51},[45,96265,102],{"class":59},[45,96267,81944],{"class":105},[45,96269,109],{"class":59},[45,96271,64],{"class":63},[45,96273,488],{"class":67},[45,96275,64],{"class":63},[45,96277,118],{"class":59},[45,96279,96280],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96281,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,96283,96284,96286,96288,96290],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,96285,125],{"class":124},[45,96287,109],{"class":59},[45,96289,497],{"class":105},[45,96291,118],{"class":59},[14,96293,96294],{},[26,96295,30010],{},[36,96297,96299],{"className":38,"code":96298,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[18,96300,96301],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96302,96303,96305,96307,96309,96311,96313,96315,96317,96319,96321,96323,96325,96327],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96304,9264],{"class":59},[45,96306,429],{"class":63},[45,96308,470],{"class":67},[45,96310,429],{"class":63},[45,96312,73],{"class":59},[45,96314,438],{"class":63},[45,96316,488],{"class":67},[45,96318,429],{"class":63},[45,96320,73],{"class":59},[45,96322,438],{"class":63},[45,96324,479],{"class":67},[45,96326,429],{"class":63},[45,96328,9295],{"class":59},[14,96330,96331,96332,96335],{},"The new value ",[18,96333,96334],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96337,96338,96339,96342],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[26,96340,96341],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96344,96345],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[36,96347,96349],{"className":38,"code":96348,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[18,96350,96351],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96352,96353,96355,96357,96359,96361,96363,96365,96367,96369,96371,96373,96375,96377],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96354,9264],{"class":59},[45,96356,429],{"class":63},[45,96358,479],{"class":67},[45,96360,429],{"class":63},[45,96362,73],{"class":59},[45,96364,438],{"class":63},[45,96366,470],{"class":67},[45,96368,429],{"class":63},[45,96370,73],{"class":59},[45,96372,438],{"class":63},[45,96374,488],{"class":67},[45,96376,429],{"class":63},[45,96378,9295],{"class":59},[14,96380,96381],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[31,96383,96385],{"id":96384},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96387,96388],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[36,96390,96392],{"className":38,"code":96391,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96393,96394,96414,96428,96432],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96395,96396,96398,96400,96402,96404,96406,96408,96410,96412],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96397,195],{"class":51},[45,96399,56],{"class":55},[45,96401,10477],{"class":59},[45,96403,203],{"class":202},[45,96405,73],{"class":59},[45,96407,208],{"class":202},[45,96409,73],{"class":59},[45,96411,213],{"class":202},[45,96413,9295],{"class":59},[45,96415,96416,96418,96420,96422,96424,96426],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,96417,251],{"class":51},[45,96419,102],{"class":59},[45,96421,81944],{"class":105},[45,96423,109],{"class":59},[45,96425,234],{"class":202},[45,96427,118],{"class":59},[45,96429,96430],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96431,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,96433,96434,96436,96438,96440],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,96435,125],{"class":124},[45,96437,109],{"class":59},[45,96439,251],{"class":105},[45,96441,118],{"class":59},[14,96443,96444],{},[26,96445,268],{},[36,96447,96449],{"className":38,"code":96448,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,96450,96451],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96452,96453,96455,96457,96459,96461,96463,96465],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96454,9264],{"class":59},[45,96456,203],{"class":202},[45,96458,73],{"class":59},[45,96460,208],{"class":202},[45,96462,73],{"class":59},[45,96464,213],{"class":202},[45,96466,9295],{"class":59},[14,96468,96469,96470,96472],{},"The set stays the same because ",[18,96471,234],{}," was already present.",[31,96474,96476,10572,96478],{"id":96475},"add-vs-update",[18,96477,96044],{},[18,96479,14940],{},[14,96481,141,96482,96484,96485,102],{},[18,96483,96044],{}," when you want to add ",[26,96486,52639],{},[36,96488,96490],{"className":38,"code":96489,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96491,96492,96516,96534,96538],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96493,96494,96496,96498,96500,96502,96504,96506,96508,96510,96512,96514],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96495,355],{"class":51},[45,96497,56],{"class":55},[45,96499,10477],{"class":59},[45,96501,64],{"class":63},[45,96503,364],{"class":67},[45,96505,64],{"class":63},[45,96507,73],{"class":59},[45,96509,76],{"class":63},[45,96511,373],{"class":67},[45,96513,64],{"class":63},[45,96515,9295],{"class":59},[45,96517,96518,96520,96522,96524,96526,96528,96530,96532],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,96519,391],{"class":51},[45,96521,102],{"class":59},[45,96523,81944],{"class":105},[45,96525,109],{"class":59},[45,96527,64],{"class":63},[45,96529,382],{"class":67},[45,96531,64],{"class":63},[45,96533,118],{"class":59},[45,96535,96536],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96537,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,96539,96540,96542,96544,96546],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,96541,125],{"class":124},[45,96543,109],{"class":59},[45,96545,391],{"class":105},[45,96547,118],{"class":59},[14,96549,141,96550,96484,96552,96555],{},[18,96551,14940],{},[26,96553,96554],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[36,96557,96559],{"className":38,"code":96558,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96560,96561,96585,96619,96623],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96562,96563,96565,96567,96569,96571,96573,96575,96577,96579,96581,96583],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96564,355],{"class":51},[45,96566,56],{"class":55},[45,96568,10477],{"class":59},[45,96570,64],{"class":63},[45,96572,364],{"class":67},[45,96574,64],{"class":63},[45,96576,73],{"class":59},[45,96578,76],{"class":63},[45,96580,373],{"class":67},[45,96582,64],{"class":63},[45,96584,9295],{"class":59},[45,96586,96587,96589,96591,96593,96595,96597,96599,96601,96603,96605,96607,96609,96611,96613,96615,96617],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,96588,391],{"class":51},[45,96590,102],{"class":59},[45,96592,30445],{"class":105},[45,96594,2979],{"class":59},[45,96596,64],{"class":63},[45,96598,382],{"class":67},[45,96600,64],{"class":63},[45,96602,73],{"class":59},[45,96604,76],{"class":63},[45,96606,18753],{"class":67},[45,96608,64],{"class":63},[45,96610,73],{"class":59},[45,96612,76],{"class":63},[45,96614,60424],{"class":67},[45,96616,64],{"class":63},[45,96618,3880],{"class":59},[45,96620,96621],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96622,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,96624,96625,96627,96629,96631],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,96626,125],{"class":124},[45,96628,109],{"class":59},[45,96630,391],{"class":105},[45,96632,118],{"class":59},[1864,96634,96636],{"id":96635},"key-difference","Key difference",[157,96638,96639,96644],{},[160,96640,96641,96643],{},[18,96642,96044],{}," adds one item",[160,96645,96646,96648],{},[18,96647,14940],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96650,96651,96652,102],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[364,96653,96655,96656,10728],{"href":96654},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[18,96657,14940],{},[31,96659,17405],{"id":17404},[14,96661,96662,1326,96664,102],{},[18,96663,96049],{},[18,96665,301],{},[14,96667,96668,96669,96671],{},"That means you should ",[26,96670,178],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1864,96673,96675],{"id":96674},"correct","Correct",[36,96677,96679],{"className":38,"code":96678,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96680,96681,96701,96715,96719],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96682,96683,96685,96687,96689,96691,96693,96695,96697,96699],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96684,15615],{"class":51},[45,96686,56],{"class":55},[45,96688,10477],{"class":59},[45,96690,203],{"class":202},[45,96692,73],{"class":59},[45,96694,208],{"class":202},[45,96696,73],{"class":59},[45,96698,213],{"class":202},[45,96700,9295],{"class":59},[45,96702,96703,96705,96707,96709,96711,96713],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,96704,15653],{"class":51},[45,96706,102],{"class":59},[45,96708,81944],{"class":105},[45,96710,109],{"class":59},[45,96712,2498],{"class":202},[45,96714,118],{"class":59},[45,96716,96717],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96718,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,96720,96721,96723,96725,96727],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,96722,125],{"class":124},[45,96724,109],{"class":59},[45,96726,15653],{"class":105},[45,96728,118],{"class":59},[1864,96730,96731],{"id":61746},"Wrong",[36,96733,96735],{"className":38,"code":96734,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96736,96737,96757,96776,96780],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96738,96739,96741,96743,96745,96747,96749,96751,96753,96755],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96740,15615],{"class":51},[45,96742,56],{"class":55},[45,96744,10477],{"class":59},[45,96746,203],{"class":202},[45,96748,73],{"class":59},[45,96750,208],{"class":202},[45,96752,73],{"class":59},[45,96754,213],{"class":202},[45,96756,9295],{"class":59},[45,96758,96759,96761,96763,96766,96768,96770,96772,96774],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,96760,15615],{"class":51},[45,96762,56],{"class":55},[45,96764,96765],{"class":51}," my_set",[45,96767,102],{"class":59},[45,96769,81944],{"class":105},[45,96771,109],{"class":59},[45,96773,2498],{"class":202},[45,96775,118],{"class":59},[45,96777,96778],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96779,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,96781,96782,96784,96786,96788],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,96783,125],{"class":124},[45,96785,109],{"class":59},[45,96787,15653],{"class":105},[45,96789,118],{"class":59},[14,96791,96792],{},[26,96793,268],{},[36,96795,96796],{"className":38,"code":292,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,96797,96798],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96799,96800],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96801,292],{"class":291},[14,96803,96804],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[31,96806,96808],{"id":96807},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,96810,96811],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[157,96813,96814,96816,96818,96820],{},[160,96815,56439],{},[160,96817,56442],{},[160,96819,96224],{},[160,96821,40577],{},[14,96823,345],{},[36,96825,96827],{"className":38,"code":96826,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,96828,96829,96839,96843,96857,96875,96893,96907,96911],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96830,96831,96833,96835,96837],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96832,52],{"class":51},[45,96834,56],{"class":55},[45,96836,15620],{"class":315},[45,96838,8627],{"class":59},[45,96840,96841],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,96842,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,96844,96845,96847,96849,96851,96853,96855],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96846,99],{"class":51},[45,96848,102],{"class":59},[45,96850,81944],{"class":105},[45,96852,109],{"class":59},[45,96854,585],{"class":202},[45,96856,118],{"class":59},[45,96858,96859,96861,96863,96865,96867,96869,96871,96873],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,96860,99],{"class":51},[45,96862,102],{"class":59},[45,96864,81944],{"class":105},[45,96866,109],{"class":59},[45,96868,64],{"class":63},[45,96870,3839],{"class":67},[45,96872,64],{"class":63},[45,96874,118],{"class":59},[45,96876,96877,96879,96881,96883,96885,96887,96889,96891],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,96878,99],{"class":51},[45,96880,102],{"class":59},[45,96882,81944],{"class":105},[45,96884,5501],{"class":59},[45,96886,203],{"class":202},[45,96888,73],{"class":59},[45,96890,208],{"class":202},[45,96892,1802],{"class":59},[45,96894,96895,96897,96899,96901,96903,96905],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,96896,99],{"class":51},[45,96898,102],{"class":59},[45,96900,81944],{"class":105},[45,96902,109],{"class":59},[45,96904,3598],{"class":291},[45,96906,118],{"class":59},[45,96908,96909],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,96910,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,96912,96913,96915,96917,96919],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,96914,125],{"class":124},[45,96916,109],{"class":59},[45,96918,99],{"class":105},[45,96920,118],{"class":59},[14,96922,96923],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[157,96925,96926,96929,96932],{},[160,96927,96928],{},"Lists",[160,96930,96931],{},"Dictionaries",[160,96933,96934],{},"Sets",[14,96936,96937],{},"Example that causes an error:",[36,96939,96941],{"className":38,"code":96940,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[18,96942,96943,96963],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96944,96945,96947,96949,96951,96953,96955,96957,96959,96961],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96946,52],{"class":51},[45,96948,56],{"class":55},[45,96950,10477],{"class":59},[45,96952,203],{"class":202},[45,96954,73],{"class":59},[45,96956,208],{"class":202},[45,96958,73],{"class":59},[45,96960,213],{"class":202},[45,96962,9295],{"class":59},[45,96964,96965,96967,96969,96971,96973,96975,96977,96979],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,96966,99],{"class":51},[45,96968,102],{"class":59},[45,96970,81944],{"class":105},[45,96972,2979],{"class":59},[45,96974,2498],{"class":202},[45,96976,73],{"class":59},[45,96978,4596],{"class":202},[45,96980,3880],{"class":59},[14,96982,96983],{},[26,96984,29662],{},[36,96986,96988],{"className":38,"code":96987,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[18,96989,96990],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96991,96992,96994,96996,96999,97001,97003,97005,97007],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96993,2998],{"class":315},[45,96995,1111],{"class":59},[45,96997,96998],{"class":51}," unhashable ",[45,97000,1811],{"class":315},[45,97002,1111],{"class":59},[45,97004,438],{"class":63},[45,97006,316],{"class":67},[45,97008,29681],{"class":63},[14,97010,97011],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,97013,97014,97015,102],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[18,97016,97017],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[31,97019,1709],{"id":1708},[14,97021,14719,97022,1111],{},[18,97023,96049],{},[157,97025,97026,97031,97036,97039,97046],{},[160,97027,1736,97028,97030],{},[18,97029,96044],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[160,97032,1722,97033,97035],{},[18,97034,96044],{}," to return the updated set",[160,97037,97038],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[160,97040,37184,97041,97043,97044],{},[18,97042,96049],{}," with list ",[18,97045,52635],{},[160,97047,97048],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,97050,1751],{},[36,97052,97054],{"className":38,"code":97053,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[18,97055,97056,97066,97080,97090,97104],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97057,97058,97060,97062,97064],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97059,125],{"class":124},[45,97061,109],{"class":59},[45,97063,15653],{"class":105},[45,97065,118],{"class":59},[45,97067,97068,97070,97072,97074,97076,97078],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,97069,125],{"class":124},[45,97071,109],{"class":59},[45,97073,1811],{"class":315},[45,97075,109],{"class":59},[45,97077,15653],{"class":105},[45,97079,1802],{"class":59},[45,97081,97082,97084,97086,97088],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97083,125],{"class":124},[45,97085,109],{"class":59},[45,97087,28],{"class":105},[45,97089,118],{"class":59},[45,97091,97092,97094,97096,97098,97100,97102],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,97093,125],{"class":124},[45,97095,109],{"class":59},[45,97097,1811],{"class":315},[45,97099,109],{"class":59},[45,97101,28],{"class":105},[45,97103,1802],{"class":59},[45,97105,97106,97108,97110,97112,97114,97116],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,97107,1822],{"class":124},[45,97109,109],{"class":59},[45,97111,6274],{"class":315},[45,97113,102],{"class":59},[45,97115,81944],{"class":1831},[45,97117,118],{"class":59},[14,97119,97120,97121,97123,97124,102],{},"Also remember that ",[18,97122,96049],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[364,97125,53032],{"href":97126},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[31,97128,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,97130,175,97132,97134],{"id":97131},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[18,97133,96049],{}," return a new set?",[14,97136,97137,97138,102],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[18,97139,301],{},[1864,97141,97143],{"id":97142},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97145,97146],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1864,97148,97150],{"id":97149},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97152,141,97153,11080,97156,102],{},[18,97154,97155],{},"set.update()",[18,97157,96044],{},[1864,97159,97161],{"id":97160},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97163,97164,97165,102],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[18,97166,2998],{},[31,97168,1909],{"id":1908},[157,97170,97171,97175,97180],{},[160,97172,97173],{},[364,97174,96169],{"href":96168},[160,97176,97177],{},[364,97178,97179],{"href":96172},"How to create a set in Python",[160,97181,97182],{},[364,97183,96655,97184,10728],{"href":96654},[18,97185,14940],{},[14,97187,97188,97189,97191],{},"Once you understand ",[18,97190,96044],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1936,97193,97194],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":97196},[97197,97198,97200,97201,97202,97203,97207,97211,97212,97213,97220],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":96141,"depth":96,"text":97199},"What set.add() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":96384,"depth":96,"text":96385},{"id":96475,"depth":96,"text":97204,"children":97205},"add() vs update()",[97206],{"id":96635,"depth":121,"text":96636},{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405,"children":97208},[97209,97210],{"id":96674,"depth":121,"text":96675},{"id":61746,"depth":121,"text":96731},{"id":96807,"depth":96,"text":96808},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":97214},[97215,97217,97218,97219],{"id":97131,"depth":121,"text":97216},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97142,"depth":121,"text":97143},{"id":97149,"depth":121,"text":97150},{"id":97160,"depth":121,"text":97161},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96035,"description":97221},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97228,"title":97229,"body":97230,"description":98399,"extension":1958,"meta":98400,"navigation":241,"path":98401,"seo":98402,"stem":98403,"__hash__":98404},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97231,"toc":98366},[97232,97237,97243,97250,97295,97297,97308,97313,97318,97322,97336,97341,97343,97345,97360,97362,97376,97378,97380,97445,97447,97457,97459,97477,97483,97490,97495,97569,97571,97588,97594,97599,97670,97672,97699,97716,97719,97725,97727,97734,97738,97805,97807,97822,97825,97878,97880,97888,97900,97902,97906,97911,97913,97962,97964,97972,97974,98019,98021,98031,98037,98045,98058,98064,98066,98095,98097,98115,98119,98122,98153,98155,98173,98177,98252,98254,98270,98277,98279,98284,98289,98295,98298,98302,98310,98317,98325,98327,98363],[10,97233,96041,97235,11311],{"id":97234},"python-set-clear-method",[18,97236,11310],{},[14,97238,97239,97242],{},[18,97240,97241],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97244,97245,97246,97249],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[26,97247,97248],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[36,97251,97253],{"className":38,"code":97252,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97254,97255,97275,97285],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97256,97257,97259,97261,97263,97265,97267,97269,97271,97273],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97258,195],{"class":51},[45,97260,56],{"class":55},[45,97262,10477],{"class":59},[45,97264,203],{"class":202},[45,97266,73],{"class":59},[45,97268,208],{"class":202},[45,97270,73],{"class":59},[45,97272,213],{"class":202},[45,97274,9295],{"class":59},[45,97276,97277,97279,97281,97283],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,97278,251],{"class":51},[45,97280,102],{"class":59},[45,97282,11371],{"class":105},[45,97284,8627],{"class":59},[45,97286,97287,97289,97291,97293],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97288,125],{"class":124},[45,97290,109],{"class":59},[45,97292,251],{"class":105},[45,97294,118],{"class":59},[14,97296,268],{},[36,97298,97300],{"className":38,"code":97299,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set()\n",[18,97301,97302],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97303,97304,97306],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97305,6274],{"class":315},[45,97307,8627],{"class":59},[14,97309,97310,97312],{},[18,97311,11310],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[31,97314,3671,97316,3674],{"id":97315},"what-setclear-does",[18,97317,97241],{},[14,97319,16,97320,11401],{},[18,97321,11310],{},[157,97323,97324,97327,97329,97333],{},[160,97325,97326],{},"Removes every item from a set",[160,97328,96156],{},[160,97330,11412,97331],{},[18,97332,301],{},[160,97334,97335],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97337,96165,97338,71574],{},[364,97339,96169],{"href":97340},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[31,97342,2153],{"id":2152},[14,97344,54430],{},[36,97346,97348],{"className":38,"code":97347,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set.clear()\n",[18,97349,97350],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97351,97352,97354,97356,97358],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97353,15653],{"class":51},[45,97355,102],{"class":59},[45,97357,11371],{"class":105},[45,97359,8627],{"class":59},[14,97361,13039],{},[157,97363,97364,97367,97370,97373],{},[160,97365,97366],{},"It takes no arguments",[160,97368,97369],{},"It empties the set",[160,97371,97372],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[160,97374,97375],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[31,97377,11464],{"id":11463},[14,97379,11467],{},[36,97381,97383],{"className":38,"code":97382,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,97384,97385,97417,97421,97431,97435],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97386,97387,97389,97391,97393,97395,97397,97399,97401,97403,97405,97407,97409,97411,97413,97415],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97388,461],{"class":51},[45,97390,56],{"class":55},[45,97392,10477],{"class":59},[45,97394,64],{"class":63},[45,97396,470],{"class":67},[45,97398,64],{"class":63},[45,97400,73],{"class":59},[45,97402,76],{"class":63},[45,97404,488],{"class":67},[45,97406,64],{"class":63},[45,97408,73],{"class":59},[45,97410,76],{"class":63},[45,97412,479],{"class":67},[45,97414,64],{"class":63},[45,97416,9295],{"class":59},[45,97418,97419],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,97420,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,97422,97423,97425,97427,97429],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97424,497],{"class":51},[45,97426,102],{"class":59},[45,97428,11371],{"class":105},[45,97430,8627],{"class":59},[45,97432,97433],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,97434,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,97436,97437,97439,97441,97443],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,97438,125],{"class":124},[45,97440,109],{"class":59},[45,97442,497],{"class":105},[45,97444,118],{"class":59},[14,97446,268],{},[36,97448,97449],{"className":38,"code":97299,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,97450,97451],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97452,97453,97455],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97454,6274],{"class":315},[45,97456,8627],{"class":59},[14,97458,551],{},[157,97460,97461,97466,97471],{},[160,97462,97463,97465],{},[18,97464,497],{}," starts with three values",[160,97467,97468,11685],{},[18,97469,97470],{},"colors.clear()",[160,97472,97473,97474,97476],{},"Printing the set shows ",[18,97475,3790],{},", which means an empty set",[31,97478,97480,97482],{"id":97479},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[18,97481,11310],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97484,97485,1301,97487,97489],{},[18,97486,11310],{},[18,97488,3790],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1864,97491,1736,97493],{"id":97492},"using-clear",[18,97494,11310],{},[36,97496,97498],{"className":38,"code":97497,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97499,97500,97520,97530,97534,97544,97548,97558],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97501,97502,97504,97506,97508,97510,97512,97514,97516,97518],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97503,52],{"class":51},[45,97505,56],{"class":55},[45,97507,10477],{"class":59},[45,97509,203],{"class":202},[45,97511,73],{"class":59},[45,97513,208],{"class":202},[45,97515,73],{"class":59},[45,97517,213],{"class":202},[45,97519,9295],{"class":59},[45,97521,97522,97525,97527],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,97523,97524],{"class":51},"other_name ",[45,97526,56],{"class":55},[45,97528,97529],{"class":51}," items\n",[45,97531,97532],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97533,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,97535,97536,97538,97540,97542],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,97537,99],{"class":51},[45,97539,102],{"class":59},[45,97541,11371],{"class":105},[45,97543,8627],{"class":59},[45,97545,97546],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,97547,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,97549,97550,97552,97554,97556],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,97551,125],{"class":124},[45,97553,109],{"class":59},[45,97555,99],{"class":105},[45,97557,118],{"class":59},[45,97559,97560,97562,97564,97567],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,97561,125],{"class":124},[45,97563,109],{"class":59},[45,97565,97566],{"class":105},"other_name",[45,97568,118],{"class":59},[14,97570,268],{},[36,97572,97574],{"className":38,"code":97573,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set()\nset()\n",[18,97575,97576,97582],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97577,97578,97580],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97579,6274],{"class":315},[45,97581,8627],{"class":59},[45,97583,97584,97586],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,97585,6274],{"class":315},[45,97587,8627],{"class":59},[14,97589,97590,97591,102],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[26,97592,97593],{},"same set object",[1864,97595,1736,97597],{"id":97596},"using-set",[18,97598,3790],{},[36,97600,97602],{"className":38,"code":97601,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97603,97604,97624,97632,97636,97646,97650,97660],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97605,97606,97608,97610,97612,97614,97616,97618,97620,97622],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97607,52],{"class":51},[45,97609,56],{"class":55},[45,97611,10477],{"class":59},[45,97613,203],{"class":202},[45,97615,73],{"class":59},[45,97617,208],{"class":202},[45,97619,73],{"class":59},[45,97621,213],{"class":202},[45,97623,9295],{"class":59},[45,97625,97626,97628,97630],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,97627,97524],{"class":51},[45,97629,56],{"class":55},[45,97631,97529],{"class":51},[45,97633,97634],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97635,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,97637,97638,97640,97642,97644],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,97639,52],{"class":51},[45,97641,56],{"class":55},[45,97643,15620],{"class":315},[45,97645,8627],{"class":59},[45,97647,97648],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,97649,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,97651,97652,97654,97656,97658],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,97653,125],{"class":124},[45,97655,109],{"class":59},[45,97657,99],{"class":105},[45,97659,118],{"class":59},[45,97661,97662,97664,97666,97668],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,97663,125],{"class":124},[45,97665,109],{"class":59},[45,97667,97566],{"class":105},[45,97669,118],{"class":59},[14,97671,268],{},[36,97673,97675],{"className":38,"code":97674,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,97676,97677,97683],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97678,97679,97681],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97680,6274],{"class":315},[45,97682,8627],{"class":59},[45,97684,97685,97687,97689,97691,97693,97695,97697],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,97686,9264],{"class":59},[45,97688,203],{"class":202},[45,97690,73],{"class":59},[45,97692,208],{"class":202},[45,97694,73],{"class":59},[45,97696,213],{"class":202},[45,97698,9295],{"class":59},[14,97700,20757,97701,92933,97704,97707,97708,102,97710,97712,97713,97715],{},[18,97702,97703],{},"items = set()",[26,97705,97706],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[18,97709,99],{},[9832,97711],{},"\nBut ",[18,97714,97566],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97717,97718],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97720,97721,97722,102],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[364,97723,96173],{"href":97724},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[31,97726,17405],{"id":17404},[14,97728,97729,14039,97731,97733],{},[18,97730,11310],{},[26,97732,178],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97735,1877,97736,102],{},[18,97737,301],{},[36,97739,97741],{"className":38,"code":97740,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97742,97743,97763,97767,97781,97785,97795],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97744,97745,97747,97749,97751,97753,97755,97757,97759,97761],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97746,195],{"class":51},[45,97748,56],{"class":55},[45,97750,10477],{"class":59},[45,97752,203],{"class":202},[45,97754,73],{"class":59},[45,97756,208],{"class":202},[45,97758,73],{"class":59},[45,97760,213],{"class":202},[45,97762,9295],{"class":59},[45,97764,97765],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,97766,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,97768,97769,97771,97773,97775,97777,97779],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97770,220],{"class":51},[45,97772,56],{"class":55},[45,97774,225],{"class":51},[45,97776,102],{"class":59},[45,97778,11371],{"class":105},[45,97780,8627],{"class":59},[45,97782,97783],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,97784,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,97786,97787,97789,97791,97793],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,97788,125],{"class":124},[45,97790,109],{"class":59},[45,97792,263],{"class":105},[45,97794,118],{"class":59},[45,97796,97797,97799,97801,97803],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,97798,125],{"class":124},[45,97800,109],{"class":59},[45,97802,251],{"class":105},[45,97804,118],{"class":59},[14,97806,268],{},[36,97808,97810],{"className":38,"code":97809,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"None\nset()\n",[18,97811,97812,97816],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97813,97814],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97815,292],{"class":291},[45,97817,97818,97820],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,97819,6274],{"class":315},[45,97821,8627],{"class":59},[14,97823,97824],{},"Do not do this:",[36,97826,97828],{"className":38,"code":97827,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97829,97830,97850,97864,97868],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97831,97832,97834,97836,97838,97840,97842,97844,97846,97848],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97833,195],{"class":51},[45,97835,56],{"class":55},[45,97837,10477],{"class":59},[45,97839,203],{"class":202},[45,97841,73],{"class":59},[45,97843,208],{"class":202},[45,97845,73],{"class":59},[45,97847,213],{"class":202},[45,97849,9295],{"class":59},[45,97851,97852,97854,97856,97858,97860,97862],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,97853,195],{"class":51},[45,97855,56],{"class":55},[45,97857,225],{"class":51},[45,97859,102],{"class":59},[45,97861,11371],{"class":105},[45,97863,8627],{"class":59},[45,97865,97866],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97867,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,97869,97870,97872,97874,97876],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,97871,125],{"class":124},[45,97873,109],{"class":59},[45,97875,251],{"class":105},[45,97877,118],{"class":59},[14,97879,268],{},[36,97881,97882],{"className":38,"code":292,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,97883,97884],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97885,97886],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97887,292],{"class":291},[14,97889,22173,97890,1326,97892,97894,97895,97897,97898,102],{},[18,97891,54543],{},[18,97893,301],{},", and then you assign that ",[18,97896,301],{}," back to ",[18,97899,251],{},[31,97901,4509],{"id":4508},[14,97903,10735,97904,102],{},[18,97905,97241],{},[1864,97907,1728,97909],{"id":97908},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[18,97910,11310],{},[14,97912,16629],{},[36,97914,97916],{"className":38,"code":97915,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,97917,97918,97938,97952],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97919,97920,97922,97924,97926,97928,97930,97932,97934,97936],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97921,15615],{"class":51},[45,97923,56],{"class":55},[45,97925,10477],{"class":59},[45,97927,203],{"class":202},[45,97929,73],{"class":59},[45,97931,208],{"class":202},[45,97933,73],{"class":59},[45,97935,213],{"class":202},[45,97937,9295],{"class":59},[45,97939,97940,97942,97944,97946,97948,97950],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,97941,15615],{"class":51},[45,97943,56],{"class":55},[45,97945,96765],{"class":51},[45,97947,102],{"class":59},[45,97949,11371],{"class":105},[45,97951,8627],{"class":59},[45,97953,97954,97956,97958,97960],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97955,125],{"class":124},[45,97957,109],{"class":59},[45,97959,15653],{"class":105},[45,97961,118],{"class":59},[14,97963,268],{},[36,97965,97966],{"className":38,"code":292,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,97967,97968],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97969,97970],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97971,292],{"class":291},[14,97973,16641],{},[36,97975,97977],{"className":38,"code":97976,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,97978,97979,97999,98009],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97980,97981,97983,97985,97987,97989,97991,97993,97995,97997],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97982,15615],{"class":51},[45,97984,56],{"class":55},[45,97986,10477],{"class":59},[45,97988,203],{"class":202},[45,97990,73],{"class":59},[45,97992,208],{"class":202},[45,97994,73],{"class":59},[45,97996,213],{"class":202},[45,97998,9295],{"class":59},[45,98000,98001,98003,98005,98007],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,98002,15653],{"class":51},[45,98004,102],{"class":59},[45,98006,11371],{"class":105},[45,98008,8627],{"class":59},[45,98010,98011,98013,98015,98017],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98012,125],{"class":124},[45,98014,109],{"class":59},[45,98016,15653],{"class":105},[45,98018,118],{"class":59},[14,98020,268],{},[36,98022,98023],{"className":38,"code":97299,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,98024,98025],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98026,98027,98029],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98028,6274],{"class":315},[45,98030,8627],{"class":59},[1864,98032,1722,98034,98036],{"id":98033},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[18,98035,11310],{}," to remove only one item",[14,98038,98039,98041,98042,98044],{},[18,98040,11310],{}," removes ",[26,98043,909],{}," items from the set.",[14,98046,98047,98048,1742,98053,102],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[364,98049,98051],{"href":98050},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[18,98052,154],{},[364,98054,98056],{"href":98055},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[18,98057,1304],{},[1864,98059,1736,98061,98063],{"id":98060},"using-for-an-empty-set",[18,98062,3785],{}," for an empty set",[14,98065,25673],{},[36,98067,98069],{"className":38,"code":98068,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,98070,98071,98080],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98072,98073,98076,98078],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98074,98075],{"class":51},"empty_value ",[45,98077,56],{"class":55},[45,98079,9824],{"class":59},[45,98081,98082,98084,98086,98088,98090,98093],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,98083,125],{"class":124},[45,98085,109],{"class":59},[45,98087,1811],{"class":315},[45,98089,109],{"class":59},[45,98091,98092],{"class":105},"empty_value",[45,98094,1802],{"class":59},[14,98096,268],{},[36,98098,98099],{"className":38,"code":8793,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,98100,98101],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98102,98103,98105,98107,98109,98111,98113],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98104,3284],{"class":55},[45,98106,3287],{"class":2059},[45,98108,438],{"class":63},[45,98110,8806],{"class":67},[45,98112,429],{"class":63},[45,98114,3296],{"class":55},[14,98116,98117,8773],{},[18,98118,3785],{},[14,98120,98121],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[36,98123,98125],{"className":38,"code":98124,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,98126,98127,98138],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98128,98129,98132,98134,98136],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98130,98131],{"class":51},"empty_set ",[45,98133,56],{"class":55},[45,98135,15620],{"class":315},[45,98137,8627],{"class":59},[45,98139,98140,98142,98144,98146,98148,98151],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,98141,125],{"class":124},[45,98143,109],{"class":59},[45,98145,1811],{"class":315},[45,98147,109],{"class":59},[45,98149,98150],{"class":105},"empty_set",[45,98152,1802],{"class":59},[14,98154,268],{},[36,98156,98157],{"className":38,"code":8837,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,98158,98159],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98160,98161,98163,98165,98167,98169,98171],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98162,3284],{"class":55},[45,98164,3287],{"class":2059},[45,98166,438],{"class":63},[45,98168,6274],{"class":67},[45,98170,429],{"class":63},[45,98172,3296],{"class":55},[1864,98174,98176],{"id":98175},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[36,98178,98180],{"className":38,"code":98179,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[18,98181,98182,98206,98214,98218,98228,98232,98242],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98183,98184,98186,98188,98190,98192,98194,98196,98198,98200,98202,98204],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98185,2548],{"class":51},[45,98187,56],{"class":55},[45,98189,10477],{"class":59},[45,98191,64],{"class":63},[45,98193,1123],{"class":67},[45,98195,64],{"class":63},[45,98197,73],{"class":59},[45,98199,76],{"class":63},[45,98201,11734],{"class":67},[45,98203,64],{"class":63},[45,98205,9295],{"class":59},[45,98207,98208,98210,98212],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,98209,2576],{"class":51},[45,98211,56],{"class":55},[45,98213,36155],{"class":51},[45,98215,98216],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98217,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,98219,98220,98222,98224,98226],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,98221,364],{"class":51},[45,98223,102],{"class":59},[45,98225,11371],{"class":105},[45,98227,8627],{"class":59},[45,98229,98230],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,98231,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,98233,98234,98236,98238,98240],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,98235,125],{"class":124},[45,98237,109],{"class":59},[45,98239,364],{"class":105},[45,98241,118],{"class":59},[45,98243,98244,98246,98248,98250],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,98245,125],{"class":124},[45,98247,109],{"class":59},[45,98249,373],{"class":105},[45,98251,118],{"class":59},[14,98253,268],{},[36,98255,98256],{"className":38,"code":97573,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,98257,98258,98264],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98259,98260,98262],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98261,6274],{"class":315},[45,98263,8627],{"class":59},[45,98265,98266,98268],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,98267,6274],{"class":315},[45,98269,8627],{"class":59},[14,98271,29042,98272,1301,98274,98276],{},[18,98273,364],{},[18,98275,373],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[31,98278,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,98280,5133,98282,5136],{"id":98281},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[18,98283,97241],{},[14,98285,1877,98286,98288],{},[18,98287,301],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1864,98290,175,98292,98294],{"id":98291},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[18,98293,11310],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98296,98297],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1864,98299,98301],{"id":98300},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98303,98304,98305,98307,98308,102],{},"You already have one after ",[18,98306,11310],{},". Printing it shows ",[18,98309,3790],{},[1864,98311,5170,98313,1301,98315,2485],{"id":98312},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[18,98314,11310],{},[18,98316,3790],{},[14,98318,98319,98321,98322,98324],{},[18,98320,11310],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[18,98323,3790],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[31,98326,1909],{"id":1908},[157,98328,98329,98333,98337,98344,98350,98356],{},[160,98330,98331],{},[364,98332,96169],{"href":97340},[160,98334,98335],{},[364,98336,97179],{"href":97724},[160,98338,98339],{},[364,98340,96655,98342,10728],{"href":98341},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[18,98343,96044],{},[160,98345,98346],{},[364,98347,96655,98348,10728],{"href":98050},[18,98349,154],{},[160,98351,98352],{},[364,98353,96655,98354,10728],{"href":98055},[18,98355,1304],{},[160,98357,98358],{},[364,98359,96655,98361,10728],{"href":98360},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[18,98362,14940],{},[1936,98364,98365],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":98367},[98368,98370,98371,98372,98379,98380,98389,98398],{"id":97315,"depth":96,"text":98369},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":97479,"depth":96,"text":98373,"children":98374},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98375,98377],{"id":97492,"depth":121,"text":98376},"Using clear()",{"id":97596,"depth":121,"text":98378},"Using set()",{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405},{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":98381},[98382,98384,98386,98388],{"id":97908,"depth":121,"text":98383},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98033,"depth":121,"text":98385},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98060,"depth":121,"text":98387},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98175,"depth":121,"text":98176},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":98390},[98391,98393,98395,98396],{"id":98281,"depth":121,"text":98392},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98291,"depth":121,"text":98394},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98300,"depth":121,"text":98301},{"id":98312,"depth":121,"text":98397},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97229,"description":98399},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98406,"title":98407,"body":98408,"description":100240,"extension":1958,"meta":100241,"navigation":241,"path":96172,"seo":100242,"stem":100243,"__hash__":100244},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98409,"toc":100197},[98410,98413,98416,98419,98421,98524,98528,98575,98581,98583,98602,98606,98609,98611,98625,98634,98638,98641,98676,98680,98700,98703,98707,98710,98771,98775,98800,98807,98813,98818,98820,98832,98836,98885,98889,98913,98920,98924,98965,98969,98990,98994,99027,99031,99072,99075,99079,99084,99123,99127,99152,99157,99163,99200,99204,99227,99231,99233,99236,99239,99316,99320,99357,99360,99364,99370,99373,99383,99432,99438,99444,99471,99474,99496,99498,99529,99532,99536,99540,99579,99583,99646,99649,99682,99686,99711,99713,99716,99722,99725,99752,99755,99773,99777,99781,99784,99827,99830,99834,99837,99840,99870,99873,99877,99880,99895,99900,99904,99907,99996,99998,100001,100091,100094,100112,100114,100118,100128,100132,100140,100144,100147,100151,100154,100158,100161,100163,100191,100194],[10,98411,98407],{"id":98412},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98414,98415],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98417,98418],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[31,98420,3603],{"id":3602},[36,98422,98424],{"className":38,"code":98423,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,98425,98426,98446,98480,98490,98494,98504,98514],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98427,98428,98430,98432,98434,98436,98438,98440,98442,98444],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98429,195],{"class":51},[45,98431,56],{"class":55},[45,98433,10477],{"class":59},[45,98435,203],{"class":202},[45,98437,73],{"class":59},[45,98439,208],{"class":202},[45,98441,73],{"class":59},[45,98443,213],{"class":202},[45,98445,9295],{"class":59},[45,98447,98448,98450,98452,98454,98456,98458,98460,98462,98464,98466,98468,98470,98472,98474,98476,98478],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,98449,4062],{"class":51},[45,98451,56],{"class":55},[45,98453,15620],{"class":315},[45,98455,2979],{"class":59},[45,98457,64],{"class":63},[45,98459,68],{"class":67},[45,98461,64],{"class":63},[45,98463,73],{"class":59},[45,98465,76],{"class":63},[45,98467,79],{"class":67},[45,98469,64],{"class":63},[45,98471,73],{"class":59},[45,98473,76],{"class":63},[45,98475,68],{"class":67},[45,98477,64],{"class":63},[45,98479,3880],{"class":59},[45,98481,98482,98484,98486,98488],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98483,98131],{"class":51},[45,98485,56],{"class":55},[45,98487,15620],{"class":315},[45,98489,8627],{"class":59},[45,98491,98492],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,98493,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,98495,98496,98498,98500,98502],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,98497,125],{"class":124},[45,98499,109],{"class":59},[45,98501,251],{"class":105},[45,98503,118],{"class":59},[45,98505,98506,98508,98510,98512],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,98507,125],{"class":124},[45,98509,109],{"class":59},[45,98511,4104],{"class":105},[45,98513,118],{"class":59},[45,98515,98516,98518,98520,98522],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,98517,125],{"class":124},[45,98519,109],{"class":59},[45,98521,98150],{"class":105},[45,98523,118],{"class":59},[14,98525,98526],{},[26,98527,268],{},[36,98529,98531],{"className":38,"code":98530,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[18,98532,98533,98549,98569],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98534,98535,98537,98539,98541,98543,98545,98547],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98536,9264],{"class":59},[45,98538,203],{"class":202},[45,98540,73],{"class":59},[45,98542,208],{"class":202},[45,98544,73],{"class":59},[45,98546,213],{"class":202},[45,98548,9295],{"class":59},[45,98550,98551,98553,98555,98557,98559,98561,98563,98565,98567],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,98552,9264],{"class":59},[45,98554,429],{"class":63},[45,98556,79],{"class":67},[45,98558,429],{"class":63},[45,98560,73],{"class":59},[45,98562,438],{"class":63},[45,98564,68],{"class":67},[45,98566,429],{"class":63},[45,98568,9295],{"class":59},[45,98570,98571,98573],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98572,6274],{"class":315},[45,98574,8627],{"class":59},[14,98576,98577,98578,98580],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[18,98579,3790],{}," for an empty set.",[31,98582,15149],{"id":15148},[157,98584,98585,98588,98593,98596,98599],{},[160,98586,98587],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[160,98589,98590,98591],{},"How to create a set with ",[18,98592,3790],{},[160,98594,98595],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[160,98597,98598],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[160,98600,98601],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[31,98603,98605],{"id":98604},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98607,98608],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98610,30521],{},[157,98612,98613,98616,98619,98622],{},[160,98614,98615],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[160,98617,98618],{},"Sets are unordered",[160,98620,98621],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[160,98623,98624],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98626,98627,98628,1742,98630,102],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[364,98629,96169],{"href":97340},[364,98631,98633],{"href":98632},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[31,98635,98637],{"id":98636},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98639,98640],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[36,98642,98644],{"className":38,"code":98643,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98645,98646,98666],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98647,98648,98650,98652,98654,98656,98658,98660,98662,98664],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98649,195],{"class":51},[45,98651,56],{"class":55},[45,98653,10477],{"class":59},[45,98655,203],{"class":202},[45,98657,73],{"class":59},[45,98659,208],{"class":202},[45,98661,73],{"class":59},[45,98663,213],{"class":202},[45,98665,9295],{"class":59},[45,98667,98668,98670,98672,98674],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,98669,125],{"class":124},[45,98671,109],{"class":59},[45,98673,251],{"class":105},[45,98675,118],{"class":59},[14,98677,98678],{},[26,98679,30010],{},[36,98681,98682],{"className":38,"code":96448,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,98683,98684],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98685,98686,98688,98690,98692,98694,98696,98698],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98687,9264],{"class":59},[45,98689,203],{"class":202},[45,98691,73],{"class":59},[45,98693,208],{"class":202},[45,98695,73],{"class":59},[45,98697,213],{"class":202},[45,98699,9295],{"class":59},[14,98701,98702],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1864,98704,98706],{"id":98705},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98708,98709],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[36,98711,98713],{"className":38,"code":98712,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,98714,98715,98747,98757],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98716,98717,98719,98721,98723,98725,98727,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737,98739,98741,98743,98745],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98718,195],{"class":51},[45,98720,56],{"class":55},[45,98722,10477],{"class":59},[45,98724,203],{"class":202},[45,98726,73],{"class":59},[45,98728,208],{"class":202},[45,98730,73],{"class":59},[45,98732,208],{"class":202},[45,98734,73],{"class":59},[45,98736,213],{"class":202},[45,98738,73],{"class":59},[45,98740,213],{"class":202},[45,98742,73],{"class":59},[45,98744,213],{"class":202},[45,98746,9295],{"class":59},[45,98748,98749,98751,98753,98755],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,98750,125],{"class":124},[45,98752,109],{"class":59},[45,98754,251],{"class":105},[45,98756,118],{"class":59},[45,98758,98759,98761,98763,98765,98767,98769],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98760,125],{"class":124},[45,98762,109],{"class":59},[45,98764,11150],{"class":124},[45,98766,109],{"class":59},[45,98768,251],{"class":105},[45,98770,1802],{"class":59},[14,98772,98773],{},[26,98774,30010],{},[36,98776,98778],{"className":38,"code":98777,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[18,98779,98780,98796],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98781,98782,98784,98786,98788,98790,98792,98794],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98783,9264],{"class":59},[45,98785,203],{"class":202},[45,98787,73],{"class":59},[45,98789,208],{"class":202},[45,98791,73],{"class":59},[45,98793,213],{"class":202},[45,98795,9295],{"class":59},[45,98797,98798],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,98799,46598],{"class":202},[14,98801,20964,98802,1301,98804,98806],{},[18,98803,234],{},[18,98805,2056],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[31,98808,98810,98811],{"id":98809},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[18,98812,3790],{},[14,98814,141,98815,98817],{},[18,98816,3790],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,98819,5447],{},[157,98821,98822,98824,98826,98828],{},[160,98823,96928],{},[160,98825,96224],{},[160,98827,56442],{},[160,98829,98830],{},[18,98831,36178],{},[1864,98833,98835],{"id":98834},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[36,98837,98839],{"className":38,"code":98838,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98840,98841,98875],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98842,98843,98845,98847,98849,98851,98853,98855,98857,98859,98861,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98844,195],{"class":51},[45,98846,56],{"class":55},[45,98848,15620],{"class":315},[45,98850,2979],{"class":59},[45,98852,203],{"class":202},[45,98854,73],{"class":59},[45,98856,208],{"class":202},[45,98858,73],{"class":59},[45,98860,208],{"class":202},[45,98862,73],{"class":59},[45,98864,213],{"class":202},[45,98866,73],{"class":59},[45,98868,213],{"class":202},[45,98870,73],{"class":59},[45,98872,2450],{"class":202},[45,98874,3880],{"class":59},[45,98876,98877,98879,98881,98883],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,98878,125],{"class":124},[45,98880,109],{"class":59},[45,98882,251],{"class":105},[45,98884,118],{"class":59},[14,98886,98887],{},[26,98888,30010],{},[36,98890,98891],{"className":38,"code":96111,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,98892,98893],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98894,98895,98897,98899,98901,98903,98905,98907,98909,98911],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98896,9264],{"class":59},[45,98898,203],{"class":202},[45,98900,73],{"class":59},[45,98902,208],{"class":202},[45,98904,73],{"class":59},[45,98906,213],{"class":202},[45,98908,73],{"class":59},[45,98910,2450],{"class":202},[45,98912,9295],{"class":59},[14,98914,98915,98916,102],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[364,98917,98919],{"href":98918},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1864,98921,98923],{"id":98922},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[36,98925,98927],{"className":38,"code":98926,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[18,98928,98929,98955],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98930,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947,98949,98951,98953],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98932,3816],{"class":51},[45,98934,56],{"class":55},[45,98936,15620],{"class":315},[45,98938,5501],{"class":59},[45,98940,585],{"class":202},[45,98942,73],{"class":59},[45,98944,590],{"class":202},[45,98946,73],{"class":59},[45,98948,590],{"class":202},[45,98950,73],{"class":59},[45,98952,595],{"class":202},[45,98954,1802],{"class":59},[45,98956,98957,98959,98961,98963],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,98958,125],{"class":124},[45,98960,109],{"class":59},[45,98962,5350],{"class":105},[45,98964,118],{"class":59},[14,98966,98967],{},[26,98968,30010],{},[36,98970,98972],{"className":38,"code":98971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[18,98973,98974],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98975,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98977,9264],{"class":59},[45,98979,585],{"class":202},[45,98981,73],{"class":59},[45,98983,590],{"class":202},[45,98985,73],{"class":59},[45,98987,595],{"class":202},[45,98989,9295],{"class":59},[1864,98991,98993],{"id":98992},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[36,98995,98997],{"className":38,"code":98996,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,98998,98999,99017],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99000,99001,99003,99005,99007,99009,99011,99013,99015],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99002,355],{"class":51},[45,99004,56],{"class":55},[45,99006,15620],{"class":315},[45,99008,109],{"class":59},[45,99010,64],{"class":63},[45,99012,3839],{"class":67},[45,99014,64],{"class":63},[45,99016,118],{"class":59},[45,99018,99019,99021,99023,99025],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99020,125],{"class":124},[45,99022,109],{"class":59},[45,99024,391],{"class":105},[45,99026,118],{"class":59},[14,99028,99029],{},[26,99030,30010],{},[36,99032,99034],{"className":38,"code":99033,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[18,99035,99036],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99037,99038,99040,99042,99044,99046,99048,99050,99052,99054,99056,99058,99060,99062,99064,99066,99068,99070],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99039,9264],{"class":59},[45,99041,429],{"class":63},[45,99043,60415],{"class":67},[45,99045,429],{"class":63},[45,99047,73],{"class":59},[45,99049,438],{"class":63},[45,99051,60424],{"class":67},[45,99053,429],{"class":63},[45,99055,73],{"class":59},[45,99057,438],{"class":63},[45,99059,60433],{"class":67},[45,99061,429],{"class":63},[45,99063,73],{"class":59},[45,99065,438],{"class":63},[45,99067,60450],{"class":67},[45,99069,429],{"class":63},[45,99071,9295],{"class":59},[14,99073,99074],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[31,99076,99078],{"id":99077},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,99080,99081,99082,102],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[18,99083,3790],{},[36,99085,99087],{"className":38,"code":99086,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,99088,99089,99099,99109],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99090,99091,99093,99095,99097],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99092,98131],{"class":51},[45,99094,56],{"class":55},[45,99096,15620],{"class":315},[45,99098,8627],{"class":59},[45,99100,99101,99103,99105,99107],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99102,125],{"class":124},[45,99104,109],{"class":59},[45,99106,98150],{"class":105},[45,99108,118],{"class":59},[45,99110,99111,99113,99115,99117,99119,99121],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99112,125],{"class":124},[45,99114,109],{"class":59},[45,99116,1811],{"class":315},[45,99118,109],{"class":59},[45,99120,98150],{"class":105},[45,99122,1802],{"class":59},[14,99124,99125],{},[26,99126,268],{},[36,99128,99130],{"className":38,"code":99129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,99131,99132,99138],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99133,99134,99136],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99135,6274],{"class":315},[45,99137,8627],{"class":59},[45,99139,99140,99142,99144,99146,99148,99150],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99141,3284],{"class":55},[45,99143,3287],{"class":2059},[45,99145,438],{"class":63},[45,99147,6274],{"class":67},[45,99149,429],{"class":63},[45,99151,3296],{"class":55},[1864,99153,44411,99155],{"id":99154},"do-not-use",[18,99156,3785],{},[14,99158,99159,99160,99162],{},"Empty braces do ",[26,99161,178],{}," create a set.",[36,99164,99166],{"className":38,"code":99165,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,99167,99168,99176,99186],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99169,99170,99172,99174],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99171,98075],{"class":51},[45,99173,56],{"class":55},[45,99175,9824],{"class":59},[45,99177,99178,99180,99182,99184],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99179,125],{"class":124},[45,99181,109],{"class":59},[45,99183,98092],{"class":105},[45,99185,118],{"class":59},[45,99187,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99189,125],{"class":124},[45,99191,109],{"class":59},[45,99193,1811],{"class":315},[45,99195,109],{"class":59},[45,99197,98092],{"class":105},[45,99199,1802],{"class":59},[14,99201,99202],{},[26,99203,268],{},[36,99205,99207],{"className":38,"code":99206,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,99208,99209,99213],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99210,99211],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99212,9421],{"class":59},[45,99214,99215,99217,99219,99221,99223,99225],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99216,3284],{"class":55},[45,99218,3287],{"class":2059},[45,99220,438],{"class":63},[45,99222,8806],{"class":67},[45,99224,429],{"class":63},[45,99226,3296],{"class":55},[14,99228,99229,8773],{},[18,99230,3785],{},[31,99232,655],{"id":654},[14,99234,99235],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99237,99238],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[36,99240,99242],{"className":38,"code":99241,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,99243,99244,99292,99302],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99245,99246,99248,99250,99252,99254,99256,99258,99260,99262,99264,99266,99268,99270,99272,99274,99276,99278,99280,99282,99284,99286,99288,99290],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99247,4062],{"class":51},[45,99249,56],{"class":55},[45,99251,10477],{"class":59},[45,99253,64],{"class":63},[45,99255,68],{"class":67},[45,99257,64],{"class":63},[45,99259,73],{"class":59},[45,99261,76],{"class":63},[45,99263,79],{"class":67},[45,99265,64],{"class":63},[45,99267,73],{"class":59},[45,99269,76],{"class":63},[45,99271,68],{"class":67},[45,99273,64],{"class":63},[45,99275,73],{"class":59},[45,99277,76],{"class":63},[45,99279,68],{"class":67},[45,99281,64],{"class":63},[45,99283,73],{"class":59},[45,99285,76],{"class":63},[45,99287,88],{"class":67},[45,99289,64],{"class":63},[45,99291,9295],{"class":59},[45,99293,99294,99296,99298,99300],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99295,125],{"class":124},[45,99297,109],{"class":59},[45,99299,4104],{"class":105},[45,99301,118],{"class":59},[45,99303,99304,99306,99308,99310,99312,99314],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99305,125],{"class":124},[45,99307,109],{"class":59},[45,99309,11150],{"class":124},[45,99311,109],{"class":59},[45,99313,4104],{"class":105},[45,99315,1802],{"class":59},[14,99317,99318],{},[26,99319,30010],{},[36,99321,99323],{"className":38,"code":99322,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[18,99324,99325,99353],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99326,99327,99329,99331,99333,99335,99337,99339,99341,99343,99345,99347,99349,99351],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99328,9264],{"class":59},[45,99330,429],{"class":63},[45,99332,79],{"class":67},[45,99334,429],{"class":63},[45,99336,73],{"class":59},[45,99338,438],{"class":63},[45,99340,88],{"class":67},[45,99342,429],{"class":63},[45,99344,73],{"class":59},[45,99346,438],{"class":63},[45,99348,68],{"class":67},[45,99350,429],{"class":63},[45,99352,9295],{"class":59},[45,99354,99355],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99356,46598],{"class":202},[14,99358,99359],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[31,99361,99363],{"id":99362},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99365,99366,99367,99369],{},"Set items must be ",[26,99368,96212],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99371,99372],{},"These usually work:",[157,99374,99375,99377,99379,99381],{},[160,99376,56439],{},[160,99378,56442],{},[160,99380,96224],{},[160,99382,40577],{},[36,99384,99386],{"className":38,"code":99385,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[18,99387,99388,99422],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99389,99390,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400,99402,99404,99406,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418,99420],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99391,3816],{"class":51},[45,99393,56],{"class":55},[45,99395,10477],{"class":59},[45,99397,203],{"class":202},[45,99399,73],{"class":59},[45,99401,76],{"class":63},[45,99403,68],{"class":67},[45,99405,64],{"class":63},[45,99407,73],{"class":59},[45,99409,9222],{"class":59},[45,99411,585],{"class":202},[45,99413,73],{"class":59},[45,99415,590],{"class":202},[45,99417,9219],{"class":59},[45,99419,3907],{"class":291},[45,99421,9295],{"class":59},[45,99423,99424,99426,99428,99430],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99425,125],{"class":124},[45,99427,109],{"class":59},[45,99429,5350],{"class":105},[45,99431,118],{"class":59},[14,99433,99434,99435,99437],{},"These do ",[26,99436,178],{}," work directly:",[157,99439,99440,99442],{},[160,99441,96928],{},[160,99443,96931],{},[36,99445,99447],{"className":38,"code":99446,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[18,99448,99449],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99450,99451,99454,99456,99459,99461,99463,99465,99467,99469],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99452,99453],{"class":51},"bad_set ",[45,99455,56],{"class":55},[45,99457,99458],{"class":59}," {[",[45,99460,203],{"class":202},[45,99462,73],{"class":59},[45,99464,208],{"class":202},[45,99466,73],{"class":59},[45,99468,213],{"class":202},[45,99470,13691],{"class":59},[14,99472,99473],{},"This raises an error:",[36,99475,99476],{"className":38,"code":96987,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,99477,99478],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99479,99480,99482,99484,99486,99488,99490,99492,99494],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99481,2998],{"class":315},[45,99483,1111],{"class":59},[45,99485,96998],{"class":51},[45,99487,1811],{"class":315},[45,99489,1111],{"class":59},[45,99491,438],{"class":63},[45,99493,316],{"class":67},[45,99495,29681],{"class":63},[14,99497,52062],{},[36,99499,99501],{"className":38,"code":99500,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[18,99502,99503],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99504,99505,99507,99509,99512,99514,99516,99518,99520,99522,99524,99526],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99506,99453],{"class":51},[45,99508,56],{"class":55},[45,99510,99511],{"class":59}," {{",[45,99513,64],{"class":63},[45,99515,7656],{"class":67},[45,99517,64],{"class":63},[45,99519,1111],{"class":59},[45,99521,76],{"class":63},[45,99523,7665],{"class":67},[45,99525,64],{"class":63},[45,99527,99528],{"class":59},"}}\n",[14,99530,99531],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[31,99533,99535],{"id":99534},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1864,99537,99539],{"id":99538},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[36,99541,99543],{"className":38,"code":99542,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99544,99545,99569],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99546,99547,99549,99551,99553,99555,99557,99559,99561,99563,99565,99567],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99548,195],{"class":51},[45,99550,56],{"class":55},[45,99552,10477],{"class":59},[45,99554,203],{"class":202},[45,99556,73],{"class":59},[45,99558,208],{"class":202},[45,99560,73],{"class":59},[45,99562,213],{"class":202},[45,99564,73],{"class":59},[45,99566,2450],{"class":202},[45,99568,9295],{"class":59},[45,99570,99571,99573,99575,99577],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99572,125],{"class":124},[45,99574,109],{"class":59},[45,99576,251],{"class":105},[45,99578,118],{"class":59},[1864,99580,99582],{"id":99581},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[36,99584,99586],{"className":38,"code":99585,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[18,99587,99588,99616,99631,99635],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99589,99590,99592,99594,99596,99598,99600,99602,99604,99606,99608,99610,99612,99614],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99591,52],{"class":51},[45,99593,56],{"class":55},[45,99595,60],{"class":59},[45,99597,203],{"class":202},[45,99599,73],{"class":59},[45,99601,5488],{"class":202},[45,99603,73],{"class":59},[45,99605,208],{"class":202},[45,99607,73],{"class":59},[45,99609,213],{"class":202},[45,99611,73],{"class":59},[45,99613,213],{"class":202},[45,99615,93],{"class":59},[45,99617,99618,99621,99623,99625,99627,99629],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99619,99620],{"class":51},"unique_items ",[45,99622,56],{"class":55},[45,99624,15620],{"class":315},[45,99626,109],{"class":59},[45,99628,99],{"class":105},[45,99630,118],{"class":59},[45,99632,99633],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99634,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,99636,99637,99639,99641,99644],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,99638,125],{"class":124},[45,99640,109],{"class":59},[45,99642,99643],{"class":105},"unique_items",[45,99645,118],{"class":59},[1864,99647,98993],{"id":99648},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[36,99650,99652],{"className":38,"code":99651,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,99653,99654,99672],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99655,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664,99666,99668,99670],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99657,355],{"class":51},[45,99659,56],{"class":55},[45,99661,15620],{"class":315},[45,99663,109],{"class":59},[45,99665,64],{"class":63},[45,99667,79],{"class":67},[45,99669,64],{"class":63},[45,99671,118],{"class":59},[45,99673,99674,99676,99678,99680],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99675,125],{"class":124},[45,99677,109],{"class":59},[45,99679,391],{"class":105},[45,99681,118],{"class":59},[1864,99683,99685],{"id":99684},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[36,99687,99689],{"className":38,"code":99688,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,99690,99691,99701],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99692,99693,99695,99697,99699],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99694,98131],{"class":51},[45,99696,56],{"class":55},[45,99698,15620],{"class":315},[45,99700,8627],{"class":59},[45,99702,99703,99705,99707,99709],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99704,125],{"class":124},[45,99706,109],{"class":59},[45,99708,98150],{"class":105},[45,99710,118],{"class":59},[31,99712,1709],{"id":1708},[14,99714,99715],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1864,99717,1736,99719,99721],{"id":99718},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,99720,3785],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99723,99724],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[36,99726,99728],{"className":38,"code":99727,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,99729,99730,99738],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99731,99732,99734,99736],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99733,1185],{"class":51},[45,99735,56],{"class":55},[45,99737,9824],{"class":59},[45,99739,99740,99742,99744,99746,99748,99750],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99741,125],{"class":124},[45,99743,109],{"class":59},[45,99745,1811],{"class":315},[45,99747,109],{"class":59},[45,99749,28],{"class":105},[45,99751,1802],{"class":59},[14,99753,99754],{},"This prints:",[36,99756,99757],{"className":38,"code":8793,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,99758,99759],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99760,99761,99763,99765,99767,99769,99771],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99762,3284],{"class":55},[45,99764,3287],{"class":2059},[45,99766,438],{"class":63},[45,99768,8806],{"class":67},[45,99770,429],{"class":63},[45,99772,3296],{"class":55},[14,99774,141,99775,6618],{},[18,99776,3790],{},[1864,99778,99780],{"id":99779},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,99782,99783],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[36,99785,99787],{"className":38,"code":99786,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99788,99789,99817],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99790,99791,99793,99795,99797,99799,99801,99803,99805,99807,99809,99811,99813,99815],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99792,195],{"class":51},[45,99794,56],{"class":55},[45,99796,10477],{"class":59},[45,99798,203],{"class":202},[45,99800,73],{"class":59},[45,99802,5488],{"class":202},[45,99804,73],{"class":59},[45,99806,208],{"class":202},[45,99808,73],{"class":59},[45,99810,208],{"class":202},[45,99812,73],{"class":59},[45,99814,213],{"class":202},[45,99816,9295],{"class":59},[45,99818,99819,99821,99823,99825],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99820,125],{"class":124},[45,99822,109],{"class":59},[45,99824,251],{"class":105},[45,99826,118],{"class":59},[14,99828,99829],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1864,99831,99833],{"id":99832},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,99835,99836],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,99838,99839],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[36,99841,99843],{"className":38,"code":99842,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[18,99844,99845,99865],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99846,99847,99849,99851,99853,99855,99857,99859,99861,99863],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99848,195],{"class":51},[45,99850,56],{"class":55},[45,99852,10477],{"class":59},[45,99854,585],{"class":202},[45,99856,73],{"class":59},[45,99858,590],{"class":202},[45,99860,73],{"class":59},[45,99862,595],{"class":202},[45,99864,9295],{"class":59},[45,99866,99867],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99868,99869],{"class":137},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,99871,99872],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1864,99874,99876],{"id":99875},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,99878,99879],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[36,99881,99883],{"className":38,"code":99882,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[18,99884,99885,99890],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99886,99887],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99888,99889],{"class":137},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[45,99891,99892],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99893,99894],{"class":137},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,99896,99897,99898,102],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[18,99899,2998],{},[1864,99901,99903],{"id":99902},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,99905,99906],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[36,99908,99910],{"className":38,"code":99909,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,99911,99912,99932,99964,99968,99982],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99913,99914,99916,99918,99920,99922,99924,99926,99928,99930],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99915,15615],{"class":51},[45,99917,56],{"class":55},[45,99919,10477],{"class":59},[45,99921,203],{"class":202},[45,99923,73],{"class":59},[45,99925,208],{"class":202},[45,99927,73],{"class":59},[45,99929,213],{"class":202},[45,99931,9295],{"class":59},[45,99933,99934,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950,99952,99954,99956,99958,99960,99962],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,99935,11713],{"class":51},[45,99937,56],{"class":55},[45,99939,10477],{"class":59},[45,99941,64],{"class":63},[45,99943,364],{"class":67},[45,99945,64],{"class":63},[45,99947,1111],{"class":59},[45,99949,5488],{"class":202},[45,99951,73],{"class":59},[45,99953,76],{"class":63},[45,99955,373],{"class":67},[45,99957,64],{"class":63},[45,99959,1111],{"class":59},[45,99961,208],{"class":202},[45,99963,9295],{"class":59},[45,99965,99966],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99967,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,99969,99970,99972,99974,99976,99978,99980],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,99971,125],{"class":124},[45,99973,109],{"class":59},[45,99975,1811],{"class":315},[45,99977,109],{"class":59},[45,99979,15653],{"class":105},[45,99981,1802],{"class":59},[45,99983,99984,99986,99988,99990,99992,99994],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,99985,125],{"class":124},[45,99987,109],{"class":59},[45,99989,1811],{"class":315},[45,99991,109],{"class":59},[45,99993,11438],{"class":105},[45,99995,1802],{"class":59},[31,99997,92624],{"id":92623},[14,99999,100000],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[36,100002,100004],{"className":38,"code":100003,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[18,100005,100006,100032,100036,100050,100060,100074,100081],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100007,100008,100010,100012,100014,100016,100018,100020,100022,100024,100026,100028,100030],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100009,15615],{"class":51},[45,100011,56],{"class":55},[45,100013,15620],{"class":315},[45,100015,2979],{"class":59},[45,100017,203],{"class":202},[45,100019,73],{"class":59},[45,100021,208],{"class":202},[45,100023,73],{"class":59},[45,100025,208],{"class":202},[45,100027,73],{"class":59},[45,100029,213],{"class":202},[45,100031,3880],{"class":59},[45,100033,100034],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,100035,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,100037,100038,100040,100042,100044,100046,100048],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,100039,125],{"class":124},[45,100041,109],{"class":59},[45,100043,1811],{"class":315},[45,100045,109],{"class":59},[45,100047,15653],{"class":105},[45,100049,1802],{"class":59},[45,100051,100052,100054,100056,100058],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,100053,125],{"class":124},[45,100055,109],{"class":59},[45,100057,15653],{"class":105},[45,100059,118],{"class":59},[45,100061,100062,100064,100066,100068,100070,100072],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,100063,125],{"class":124},[45,100065,109],{"class":59},[45,100067,11150],{"class":124},[45,100069,109],{"class":59},[45,100071,15653],{"class":105},[45,100073,1802],{"class":59},[45,100075,100076,100078],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,100077,125],{"class":124},[45,100079,100080],{"class":59},"({})\n",[45,100082,100083,100085,100087,100089],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,100084,125],{"class":124},[45,100086,109],{"class":59},[45,100088,6274],{"class":315},[45,100090,7181],{"class":59},[14,100092,100093],{},"Use these to confirm:",[157,100095,100096,100099,100102,100105],{},[160,100097,100098],{},"The object type",[160,100100,100101],{},"The actual values stored",[160,100103,100104],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[160,100106,100107,100108,1301,100110],{},"The difference between ",[18,100109,3785],{},[18,100111,3790],{},[31,100113,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,100115,100117],{"id":100116},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100119,100120,100121,100124,100125,100127],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[18,100122,100123],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[18,100126,3790],{}," with another iterable.",[1864,100129,100131],{"id":100130},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100133,141,100134,100136,100137,100139],{},[18,100135,3790],{},". Empty braces ",[18,100138,3785],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1864,100141,100143],{"id":100142},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100145,100146],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1864,100148,100150],{"id":100149},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100152,100153],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1864,100155,100157],{"id":100156},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100159,100160],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[31,100162,1909],{"id":1908},[157,100164,100165,100169,100175,100181,100186],{},[160,100166,100167],{},[364,100168,96169],{"href":97340},[160,100170,100171],{},[364,100172,3569,100173,10728],{"href":98341},[18,100174,96049],{},[160,100176,100177],{},[364,100178,3569,100179,10728],{"href":98360},[18,100180,97155],{},[160,100182,100183],{},[364,100184,100185],{"href":98918},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[160,100187,100188],{},[364,100189,100190],{"href":98632},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100192,100193],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1936,100195,100196],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":100198},[100199,100200,100201,100202,100205,100211,100215,100216,100217,100223,100231,100232,100239],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":15148,"depth":96,"text":15149},{"id":98604,"depth":96,"text":98605},{"id":98636,"depth":96,"text":98637,"children":100203},[100204],{"id":98705,"depth":121,"text":98706},{"id":98809,"depth":96,"text":100206,"children":100207},"Create a set with set()",[100208,100209,100210],{"id":98834,"depth":121,"text":98835},{"id":98922,"depth":121,"text":98923},{"id":98992,"depth":121,"text":98993},{"id":99077,"depth":96,"text":99078,"children":100212},[100213],{"id":99154,"depth":121,"text":100214},"Do not use {}",{"id":654,"depth":96,"text":655},{"id":99362,"depth":96,"text":99363},{"id":99534,"depth":96,"text":99535,"children":100218},[100219,100220,100221,100222],{"id":99538,"depth":121,"text":99539},{"id":99581,"depth":121,"text":99582},{"id":99648,"depth":121,"text":98993},{"id":99684,"depth":121,"text":99685},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":100224},[100225,100227,100228,100229,100230],{"id":99718,"depth":121,"text":100226},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99779,"depth":121,"text":99780},{"id":99832,"depth":121,"text":99833},{"id":99875,"depth":121,"text":99876},{"id":99902,"depth":121,"text":99903},{"id":92623,"depth":96,"text":92624},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":100233},[100234,100235,100236,100237,100238],{"id":100116,"depth":121,"text":100117},{"id":100130,"depth":121,"text":100131},{"id":100142,"depth":121,"text":100143},{"id":100149,"depth":121,"text":100150},{"id":100156,"depth":121,"text":100157},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98407,"description":100240},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100246,"title":100247,"body":100248,"description":102679,"extension":1958,"meta":102680,"navigation":241,"path":102681,"seo":102682,"stem":102683,"__hash__":102684},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100249,"toc":102644},[100250,100256,100262,100265,100267,100344,100346,100363,100373,100375,100380,100388,100390,100406,100410,100412,100414,100417,100438,100441,100465,100471,100473,100570,100572,100589,100599,100601,100603,100611,100613,100624,100626,100717,100719,100743,100754,100756,100758,100761,100891,100893,100966,100968,100989,100992,100994,101000,101005,101008,101135,101137,101154,101157,101159,101167,101170,101174,101182,101273,101275,101312,101317,101324,101401,101403,101419,101424,101429,101431,101440,101448,101529,101531,101560,101563,101567,101578,101581,101664,101666,101687,101693,101695,101697,101701,101705,101712,101777,101779,101799,101802,101871,101873,101889,101893,101899,101911,101919,101921,102006,102008,102037,102040,102044,102049,102051,102101,102104,102185,102187,102203,102207,102210,102285,102288,102292,102295,102372,102374,102407,102413,102417,102420,102555,102557,102571,102573,102575,102581,102584,102591,102599,102605,102608,102612,102615,102617,102619,102641],[10,100251,96041,100253,11311],{"id":100252},"python-set-difference-method",[18,100254,100255],{},"difference()",[14,100257,100258,100261],{},[18,100259,100260],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100263,100264],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[31,100266,3603],{"id":3602},[36,100268,100270],{"className":38,"code":100269,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100271,100272,100296,100316,100334],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100273,100274,100276,100278,100280,100282,100284,100286,100288,100290,100292,100294],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100275,2548],{"class":51},[45,100277,56],{"class":55},[45,100279,10477],{"class":59},[45,100281,203],{"class":202},[45,100283,73],{"class":59},[45,100285,208],{"class":202},[45,100287,73],{"class":59},[45,100289,213],{"class":202},[45,100291,73],{"class":59},[45,100293,2450],{"class":202},[45,100295,9295],{"class":59},[45,100297,100298,100300,100302,100304,100306,100308,100310,100312,100314],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,100299,2576],{"class":51},[45,100301,56],{"class":55},[45,100303,10477],{"class":59},[45,100305,2056],{"class":202},[45,100307,73],{"class":59},[45,100309,2450],{"class":202},[45,100311,73],{"class":59},[45,100313,4596],{"class":202},[45,100315,9295],{"class":59},[45,100317,100318,100320,100322,100324,100326,100328,100330,100332],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,100319,220],{"class":51},[45,100321,56],{"class":55},[45,100323,56865],{"class":51},[45,100325,102],{"class":59},[45,100327,2806],{"class":105},[45,100329,109],{"class":59},[45,100331,373],{"class":105},[45,100333,118],{"class":59},[45,100335,100336,100338,100340,100342],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,100337,125],{"class":124},[45,100339,109],{"class":59},[45,100341,263],{"class":105},[45,100343,118],{"class":59},[14,100345,268],{},[36,100347,100349],{"className":38,"code":100348,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2}\n",[18,100350,100351],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100352,100353,100355,100357,100359,100361],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100354,9264],{"class":59},[45,100356,203],{"class":202},[45,100358,73],{"class":59},[45,100360,208],{"class":202},[45,100362,9295],{"class":59},[14,100364,100365,100367,100368,100370,100371,102],{},[18,100366,100255],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[18,100369,364],{}," that are not in ",[18,100372,373],{},[44898,100374],{},[31,100376,3671,100378,3674],{"id":100377},"what-difference-does",[18,100379,100255],{},[14,100381,16,100382,100384,100385,100387],{},[18,100383,100255],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[26,100386,178],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100389,13039],{},[157,100391,100392,100397,100400,100403],{},[160,100393,100394,100396],{},[18,100395,100255],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[160,100398,100399],{},"It creates a new set",[160,100401,100402],{},"It does not change the original set",[160,100404,100405],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100407,96165,100408,102],{},[364,100409,96169],{"href":97340},[44898,100411],{},[31,100413,2153],{"id":2152},[14,100415,100416],{},"Use this form:",[36,100418,100420],{"className":38,"code":100419,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[18,100421,100422],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100423,100424,100427,100429,100431,100433,100436],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100425,100426],{"class":51},"set1",[45,100428,102],{"class":59},[45,100430,2806],{"class":105},[45,100432,109],{"class":59},[45,100434,100435],{"class":105},"set2",[45,100437,118],{"class":59},[14,100439,100440],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[36,100442,100444],{"className":38,"code":100443,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[18,100445,100446],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100447,100448,100450,100452,100454,100456,100458,100460,100463],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100449,100426],{"class":51},[45,100451,102],{"class":59},[45,100453,2806],{"class":105},[45,100455,109],{"class":59},[45,100457,100435],{"class":105},[45,100459,73],{"class":59},[45,100461,100462],{"class":105}," set3",[45,100464,118],{"class":59},[14,100466,100467,100468,100470],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[26,100469,5345],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100472,345],{},[36,100474,100476],{"className":38,"code":100475,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100477,100478,100506,100522,100534,100538,100560],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100479,100480,100482,100484,100486,100488,100490,100492,100494,100496,100498,100500,100502,100504],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100481,2548],{"class":51},[45,100483,56],{"class":55},[45,100485,10477],{"class":59},[45,100487,203],{"class":202},[45,100489,73],{"class":59},[45,100491,208],{"class":202},[45,100493,73],{"class":59},[45,100495,213],{"class":202},[45,100497,73],{"class":59},[45,100499,2450],{"class":202},[45,100501,73],{"class":59},[45,100503,4596],{"class":202},[45,100505,9295],{"class":59},[45,100507,100508,100510,100512,100514,100516,100518,100520],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,100509,2576],{"class":51},[45,100511,56],{"class":55},[45,100513,10477],{"class":59},[45,100515,234],{"class":202},[45,100517,73],{"class":59},[45,100519,213],{"class":202},[45,100521,9295],{"class":59},[45,100523,100524,100526,100528,100530,100532],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,100525,83024],{"class":51},[45,100527,56],{"class":55},[45,100529,10477],{"class":59},[45,100531,2131],{"class":202},[45,100533,9295],{"class":59},[45,100535,100536],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,100537,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,100539,100540,100542,100544,100546,100548,100550,100552,100554,100556,100558],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,100541,220],{"class":51},[45,100543,56],{"class":55},[45,100545,56865],{"class":51},[45,100547,102],{"class":59},[45,100549,2806],{"class":105},[45,100551,109],{"class":59},[45,100553,373],{"class":105},[45,100555,73],{"class":59},[45,100557,9668],{"class":105},[45,100559,118],{"class":59},[45,100561,100562,100564,100566,100568],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,100563,125],{"class":124},[45,100565,109],{"class":59},[45,100567,263],{"class":105},[45,100569,118],{"class":59},[14,100571,268],{},[36,100573,100575],{"className":38,"code":100574,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 4}\n",[18,100576,100577],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100578,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100580,9264],{"class":59},[45,100582,203],{"class":202},[45,100584,73],{"class":59},[45,100586,2450],{"class":202},[45,100588,9295],{"class":59},[14,100590,100591,100592,100594,100595,1742,100597,102],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[18,100593,364],{}," and removes anything found in ",[18,100596,373],{},[18,100598,382],{},[44898,100600],{},[31,100602,17405],{"id":17404},[14,100604,100605,100607,100608,102],{},[18,100606,100255],{}," always returns a ",[26,100609,100610],{},"new set",[14,100612,43632],{},[157,100614,100615,100618,100621],{},[160,100616,100617],{},"The return value is a new set",[160,100619,100620],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[160,100622,100623],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100625,345],{},[36,100627,100629],{"className":38,"code":100628,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,100630,100631,100647,100667,100671,100689,100693,100703],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100632,100633,100635,100637,100639,100641,100643,100645],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100634,2548],{"class":51},[45,100636,56],{"class":55},[45,100638,10477],{"class":59},[45,100640,203],{"class":202},[45,100642,73],{"class":59},[45,100644,208],{"class":202},[45,100646,9295],{"class":59},[45,100648,100649,100651,100653,100655,100657,100659,100661,100663,100665],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,100650,2576],{"class":51},[45,100652,56],{"class":55},[45,100654,10477],{"class":59},[45,100656,203],{"class":202},[45,100658,73],{"class":59},[45,100660,208],{"class":202},[45,100662,73],{"class":59},[45,100664,213],{"class":202},[45,100666,9295],{"class":59},[45,100668,100669],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,100670,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,100672,100673,100675,100677,100679,100681,100683,100685,100687],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,100674,220],{"class":51},[45,100676,56],{"class":55},[45,100678,56865],{"class":51},[45,100680,102],{"class":59},[45,100682,2806],{"class":105},[45,100684,109],{"class":59},[45,100686,373],{"class":105},[45,100688,118],{"class":59},[45,100690,100691],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,100692,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,100694,100695,100697,100699,100701],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,100696,125],{"class":124},[45,100698,109],{"class":59},[45,100700,263],{"class":105},[45,100702,118],{"class":59},[45,100704,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,100706,125],{"class":124},[45,100708,109],{"class":59},[45,100710,1811],{"class":315},[45,100712,109],{"class":59},[45,100714,263],{"class":105},[45,100716,1802],{"class":59},[14,100718,268],{},[36,100720,100721],{"className":38,"code":99129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,100722,100723,100729],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100724,100725,100727],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100726,6274],{"class":315},[45,100728,8627],{"class":59},[45,100730,100731,100733,100735,100737,100739,100741],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,100732,3284],{"class":55},[45,100734,3287],{"class":2059},[45,100736,438],{"class":63},[45,100738,6274],{"class":67},[45,100740,429],{"class":63},[45,100742,3296],{"class":55},[14,100744,100745,100746,18949,100748,100750,100751,100753],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[18,100747,3790],{},[18,100749,3785],{},". In Python, ",[18,100752,3785],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44898,100755],{},[31,100757,11464],{"id":11463},[14,100759,100760],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[36,100762,100764],{"className":38,"code":100763,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[18,100765,100766,100799,100832,100836,100856,100860,100870,100881],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100767,100768,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779,100781,100783,100785,100787,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100769,100770],{"class":51},"fruits_a ",[45,100772,56],{"class":55},[45,100774,10477],{"class":59},[45,100776,64],{"class":63},[45,100778,68],{"class":67},[45,100780,64],{"class":63},[45,100782,73],{"class":59},[45,100784,76],{"class":63},[45,100786,79],{"class":67},[45,100788,64],{"class":63},[45,100790,73],{"class":59},[45,100792,76],{"class":63},[45,100794,88],{"class":67},[45,100796,64],{"class":63},[45,100798,9295],{"class":59},[45,100800,100801,100804,100806,100808,100810,100812,100814,100816,100818,100820,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,100802,100803],{"class":51},"fruits_b ",[45,100805,56],{"class":55},[45,100807,10477],{"class":59},[45,100809,64],{"class":63},[45,100811,79],{"class":67},[45,100813,64],{"class":63},[45,100815,73],{"class":59},[45,100817,76],{"class":63},[45,100819,88],{"class":67},[45,100821,64],{"class":63},[45,100823,73],{"class":59},[45,100825,76],{"class":63},[45,100827,1093],{"class":67},[45,100829,64],{"class":63},[45,100831,9295],{"class":59},[45,100833,100834],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,100835,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,100837,100838,100840,100842,100845,100847,100849,100851,100854],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,100839,220],{"class":51},[45,100841,56],{"class":55},[45,100843,100844],{"class":51}," fruits_a",[45,100846,102],{"class":59},[45,100848,2806],{"class":105},[45,100850,109],{"class":59},[45,100852,100853],{"class":105},"fruits_b",[45,100855,118],{"class":59},[45,100857,100858],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,100859,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,100861,100862,100864,100866,100868],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,100863,125],{"class":124},[45,100865,109],{"class":59},[45,100867,263],{"class":105},[45,100869,118],{"class":59},[45,100871,100872,100874,100876,100879],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,100873,125],{"class":124},[45,100875,109],{"class":59},[45,100877,100878],{"class":105},"fruits_a",[45,100880,118],{"class":59},[45,100882,100883,100885,100887,100889],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,100884,125],{"class":124},[45,100886,109],{"class":59},[45,100888,100853],{"class":105},[45,100890,118],{"class":59},[14,100892,30010],{},[36,100894,100896],{"className":38,"code":100895,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[18,100897,100898,100910,100938],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100899,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100901,9264],{"class":59},[45,100903,429],{"class":63},[45,100905,68],{"class":67},[45,100907,429],{"class":63},[45,100909,9295],{"class":59},[45,100911,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924,100926,100928,100930,100932,100934,100936],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,100913,9264],{"class":59},[45,100915,429],{"class":63},[45,100917,79],{"class":67},[45,100919,429],{"class":63},[45,100921,73],{"class":59},[45,100923,438],{"class":63},[45,100925,88],{"class":67},[45,100927,429],{"class":63},[45,100929,73],{"class":59},[45,100931,438],{"class":63},[45,100933,68],{"class":67},[45,100935,429],{"class":63},[45,100937,9295],{"class":59},[45,100939,100940,100942,100944,100946,100948,100950,100952,100954,100956,100958,100960,100962,100964],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,100941,9264],{"class":59},[45,100943,429],{"class":63},[45,100945,79],{"class":67},[45,100947,429],{"class":63},[45,100949,73],{"class":59},[45,100951,438],{"class":63},[45,100953,88],{"class":67},[45,100955,429],{"class":63},[45,100957,73],{"class":59},[45,100959,438],{"class":63},[45,100961,1093],{"class":67},[45,100963,429],{"class":63},[45,100965,9295],{"class":59},[14,100967,551],{},[157,100969,100970,100975,100980,100986],{},[160,100971,100972,100973],{},"Start with ",[18,100974,100878],{},[160,100976,100977,100978],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[18,100979,100853],{},[160,100981,100982,100983,100985],{},"Only ",[18,100984,778],{}," remains",[160,100987,100988],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,100990,100991],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44898,100993],{},[31,100995,1736,100997,100999],{"id":100996},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[18,100998,100255],{}," with multiple sets",[14,101001,101002,101003,102],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[18,101004,100255],{},[14,101006,101007],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[36,101009,101011],{"className":38,"code":101010,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,101012,101013,101045,101062,101075,101092,101096,101125],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101014,101015,101017,101019,101021,101023,101025,101027,101029,101031,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041,101043],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101016,195],{"class":51},[45,101018,56],{"class":55},[45,101020,10477],{"class":59},[45,101022,203],{"class":202},[45,101024,73],{"class":59},[45,101026,208],{"class":202},[45,101028,73],{"class":59},[45,101030,213],{"class":202},[45,101032,73],{"class":59},[45,101034,2450],{"class":202},[45,101036,73],{"class":59},[45,101038,4596],{"class":202},[45,101040,73],{"class":59},[45,101042,37624],{"class":202},[45,101044,9295],{"class":59},[45,101046,101047,101050,101052,101054,101056,101058,101060],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,101048,101049],{"class":51},"group_a ",[45,101051,56],{"class":55},[45,101053,10477],{"class":59},[45,101055,234],{"class":202},[45,101057,73],{"class":59},[45,101059,2450],{"class":202},[45,101061,9295],{"class":59},[45,101063,101064,101067,101069,101071,101073],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101065,101066],{"class":51},"group_b ",[45,101068,56],{"class":55},[45,101070,10477],{"class":59},[45,101072,2131],{"class":202},[45,101074,9295],{"class":59},[45,101076,101077,101080,101082,101084,101086,101088,101090],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,101078,101079],{"class":51},"group_c ",[45,101081,56],{"class":55},[45,101083,10477],{"class":59},[45,101085,80432],{"class":202},[45,101087,73],{"class":59},[45,101089,5980],{"class":202},[45,101091,9295],{"class":59},[45,101093,101094],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,101095,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,101097,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106,101108,101110,101113,101115,101118,101120,101123],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,101099,220],{"class":51},[45,101101,56],{"class":55},[45,101103,225],{"class":51},[45,101105,102],{"class":59},[45,101107,2806],{"class":105},[45,101109,109],{"class":59},[45,101111,101112],{"class":105},"group_a",[45,101114,73],{"class":59},[45,101116,101117],{"class":105}," group_b",[45,101119,73],{"class":59},[45,101121,101122],{"class":105}," group_c",[45,101124,118],{"class":59},[45,101126,101127,101129,101131,101133],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,101128,125],{"class":124},[45,101130,109],{"class":59},[45,101132,263],{"class":105},[45,101134,118],{"class":59},[14,101136,268],{},[36,101138,101140],{"className":38,"code":101139,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 3}\n",[18,101141,101142],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101143,101144,101146,101148,101150,101152],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101145,9264],{"class":59},[45,101147,203],{"class":202},[45,101149,73],{"class":59},[45,101151,213],{"class":202},[45,101153,9295],{"class":59},[14,101155,101156],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44898,101158],{},[31,101160,101162,10572,101164],{"id":101161},"difference-vs-difference_update",[18,101163,100255],{},[18,101165,101166],{},"difference_update()",[14,101168,101169],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1864,101171,101172],{"id":2806},[18,101173,100255],{},[157,101175,101176,101179],{},[160,101177,101178],{},"Returns a new set",[160,101180,101181],{},"Does not change the original set",[36,101183,101185],{"className":38,"code":101184,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101186,101187,101211,101227,101231,101249,101253,101263],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101188,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199,101201,101203,101205,101207,101209],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101190,2548],{"class":51},[45,101192,56],{"class":55},[45,101194,10477],{"class":59},[45,101196,203],{"class":202},[45,101198,73],{"class":59},[45,101200,208],{"class":202},[45,101202,73],{"class":59},[45,101204,213],{"class":202},[45,101206,73],{"class":59},[45,101208,2450],{"class":202},[45,101210,9295],{"class":59},[45,101212,101213,101215,101217,101219,101221,101223,101225],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,101214,2576],{"class":51},[45,101216,56],{"class":55},[45,101218,10477],{"class":59},[45,101220,2056],{"class":202},[45,101222,73],{"class":59},[45,101224,2450],{"class":202},[45,101226,9295],{"class":59},[45,101228,101229],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101230,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,101232,101233,101235,101237,101239,101241,101243,101245,101247],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,101234,220],{"class":51},[45,101236,56],{"class":55},[45,101238,56865],{"class":51},[45,101240,102],{"class":59},[45,101242,2806],{"class":105},[45,101244,109],{"class":59},[45,101246,373],{"class":105},[45,101248,118],{"class":59},[45,101250,101251],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,101252,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,101254,101255,101257,101259,101261],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,101256,125],{"class":124},[45,101258,109],{"class":59},[45,101260,263],{"class":105},[45,101262,118],{"class":59},[45,101264,101265,101267,101269,101271],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,101266,125],{"class":124},[45,101268,109],{"class":59},[45,101270,364],{"class":105},[45,101272,118],{"class":59},[14,101274,268],{},[36,101276,101278],{"className":38,"code":101277,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,101279,101280,101292],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101281,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101283,9264],{"class":59},[45,101285,203],{"class":202},[45,101287,73],{"class":59},[45,101289,208],{"class":202},[45,101291,9295],{"class":59},[45,101293,101294,101296,101298,101300,101302,101304,101306,101308,101310],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,101295,9264],{"class":59},[45,101297,203],{"class":202},[45,101299,73],{"class":59},[45,101301,208],{"class":202},[45,101303,73],{"class":59},[45,101305,213],{"class":202},[45,101307,73],{"class":59},[45,101309,2450],{"class":202},[45,101311,9295],{"class":59},[1864,101313,101315],{"id":101314},"difference_update",[18,101316,101166],{},[157,101318,101319,101322],{},[160,101320,101321],{},"Changes the original set",[160,101323,96159],{},[36,101325,101327],{"className":38,"code":101326,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,101328,101329,101353,101369,101373,101387,101391],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101330,101331,101333,101335,101337,101339,101341,101343,101345,101347,101349,101351],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101332,2548],{"class":51},[45,101334,56],{"class":55},[45,101336,10477],{"class":59},[45,101338,203],{"class":202},[45,101340,73],{"class":59},[45,101342,208],{"class":202},[45,101344,73],{"class":59},[45,101346,213],{"class":202},[45,101348,73],{"class":59},[45,101350,2450],{"class":202},[45,101352,9295],{"class":59},[45,101354,101355,101357,101359,101361,101363,101365,101367],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,101356,2576],{"class":51},[45,101358,56],{"class":55},[45,101360,10477],{"class":59},[45,101362,2056],{"class":202},[45,101364,73],{"class":59},[45,101366,2450],{"class":202},[45,101368,9295],{"class":59},[45,101370,101371],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101372,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,101374,101375,101377,101379,101381,101383,101385],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,101376,364],{"class":51},[45,101378,102],{"class":59},[45,101380,101314],{"class":105},[45,101382,109],{"class":59},[45,101384,373],{"class":105},[45,101386,118],{"class":59},[45,101388,101389],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,101390,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,101392,101393,101395,101397,101399],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,101394,125],{"class":124},[45,101396,109],{"class":59},[45,101398,364],{"class":105},[45,101400,118],{"class":59},[14,101402,268],{},[36,101404,101405],{"className":38,"code":100348,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,101406,101407],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101408,101409,101411,101413,101415,101417],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101410,9264],{"class":59},[45,101412,203],{"class":202},[45,101414,73],{"class":59},[45,101416,208],{"class":202},[45,101418,9295],{"class":59},[14,101420,141,101421,101423],{},[18,101422,100255],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101425,101426,101427,33581],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[18,101428,101166],{},[44898,101430],{},[31,101432,101434,101436,101437,101439],{"id":101433},"difference-vs-the-operator",[18,101435,100255],{}," vs the ",[18,101438,2016],{}," operator",[14,101441,16,101442,101444,101445,101447],{},[18,101443,2016],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[18,101446,100255],{}," for two sets.",[36,101449,101451],{"className":38,"code":101450,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[18,101452,101453,101477,101493,101497,101515],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101454,101455,101457,101459,101461,101463,101465,101467,101469,101471,101473,101475],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101456,2548],{"class":51},[45,101458,56],{"class":55},[45,101460,10477],{"class":59},[45,101462,203],{"class":202},[45,101464,73],{"class":59},[45,101466,208],{"class":202},[45,101468,73],{"class":59},[45,101470,213],{"class":202},[45,101472,73],{"class":59},[45,101474,2450],{"class":202},[45,101476,9295],{"class":59},[45,101478,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487,101489,101491],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,101480,2576],{"class":51},[45,101482,56],{"class":55},[45,101484,10477],{"class":59},[45,101486,2056],{"class":202},[45,101488,73],{"class":59},[45,101490,2450],{"class":202},[45,101492,9295],{"class":59},[45,101494,101495],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101496,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,101498,101499,101501,101503,101505,101507,101509,101511,101513],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,101500,125],{"class":124},[45,101502,109],{"class":59},[45,101504,364],{"class":105},[45,101506,102],{"class":59},[45,101508,2806],{"class":105},[45,101510,109],{"class":59},[45,101512,373],{"class":105},[45,101514,1802],{"class":59},[45,101516,101517,101519,101521,101523,101525,101527],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,101518,125],{"class":124},[45,101520,109],{"class":59},[45,101522,2548],{"class":105},[45,101524,2016],{"class":55},[45,101526,2553],{"class":105},[45,101528,118],{"class":59},[14,101530,268],{},[36,101532,101534],{"className":38,"code":101533,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,101535,101536,101548],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101537,101538,101540,101542,101544,101546],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101539,9264],{"class":59},[45,101541,203],{"class":202},[45,101543,73],{"class":59},[45,101545,208],{"class":202},[45,101547,9295],{"class":59},[45,101549,101550,101552,101554,101556,101558],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,101551,9264],{"class":59},[45,101553,203],{"class":202},[45,101555,73],{"class":59},[45,101557,208],{"class":202},[45,101559,9295],{"class":59},[14,101561,101562],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101564,94429,101565,2485],{},[18,101566,100255],{},[157,101568,101569,101572,101575],{},[160,101570,101571],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[160,101573,101574],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[160,101576,101577],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101579,101580],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[36,101582,101584],{"className":38,"code":101583,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[18,101585,101586,101614,101626,101638,101642],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101587,101588,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610,101612],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101589,2548],{"class":51},[45,101591,56],{"class":55},[45,101593,10477],{"class":59},[45,101595,203],{"class":202},[45,101597,73],{"class":59},[45,101599,208],{"class":202},[45,101601,73],{"class":59},[45,101603,213],{"class":202},[45,101605,73],{"class":59},[45,101607,2450],{"class":202},[45,101609,73],{"class":59},[45,101611,4596],{"class":202},[45,101613,9295],{"class":59},[45,101615,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,101617,2576],{"class":51},[45,101619,56],{"class":55},[45,101621,10477],{"class":59},[45,101623,234],{"class":202},[45,101625,9295],{"class":59},[45,101627,101628,101630,101632,101634,101636],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101629,83024],{"class":51},[45,101631,56],{"class":55},[45,101633,10477],{"class":59},[45,101635,2498],{"class":202},[45,101637,9295],{"class":59},[45,101639,101640],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,101641,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,101643,101644,101646,101648,101650,101652,101654,101656,101658,101660,101662],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,101645,125],{"class":124},[45,101647,109],{"class":59},[45,101649,364],{"class":105},[45,101651,102],{"class":59},[45,101653,2806],{"class":105},[45,101655,109],{"class":59},[45,101657,373],{"class":105},[45,101659,73],{"class":59},[45,101661,9668],{"class":105},[45,101663,1802],{"class":59},[14,101665,268],{},[36,101667,101669],{"className":38,"code":101668,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[18,101670,101671],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101672,101673,101675,101677,101679,101681,101683,101685],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101674,9264],{"class":59},[45,101676,203],{"class":202},[45,101678,73],{"class":59},[45,101680,213],{"class":202},[45,101682,73],{"class":59},[45,101684,4596],{"class":202},[45,101686,9295],{"class":59},[14,101688,101689,101690,101692],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[18,101691,2016],{}," operator expression.",[44898,101694],{},[31,101696,4509],{"id":4508},[14,101698,1712,101699,102],{},[18,101700,100255],{},[1864,101702,101704],{"id":101703},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101706,4619,101707,101709,101710,1111],{},[26,101708,178],{}," change ",[18,101711,364],{},[36,101713,101715],{"className":38,"code":101714,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101716,101717,101737,101749,101753,101767],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101718,101719,101721,101723,101725,101727,101729,101731,101733,101735],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101720,2548],{"class":51},[45,101722,56],{"class":55},[45,101724,10477],{"class":59},[45,101726,203],{"class":202},[45,101728,73],{"class":59},[45,101730,208],{"class":202},[45,101732,73],{"class":59},[45,101734,213],{"class":202},[45,101736,9295],{"class":59},[45,101738,101739,101741,101743,101745,101747],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,101740,2576],{"class":51},[45,101742,56],{"class":55},[45,101744,10477],{"class":59},[45,101746,2056],{"class":202},[45,101748,9295],{"class":59},[45,101750,101751],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101752,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,101754,101755,101757,101759,101761,101763,101765],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,101756,364],{"class":51},[45,101758,102],{"class":59},[45,101760,2806],{"class":105},[45,101762,109],{"class":59},[45,101764,373],{"class":105},[45,101766,118],{"class":59},[45,101768,101769,101771,101773,101775],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,101770,125],{"class":124},[45,101772,109],{"class":59},[45,101774,364],{"class":105},[45,101776,118],{"class":59},[14,101778,268],{},[36,101780,101781],{"className":38,"code":96448,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,101782,101783],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101784,101785,101787,101789,101791,101793,101795,101797],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101786,9264],{"class":59},[45,101788,203],{"class":202},[45,101790,73],{"class":59},[45,101792,208],{"class":202},[45,101794,73],{"class":59},[45,101796,213],{"class":202},[45,101798,9295],{"class":59},[14,101800,101801],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[36,101803,101805],{"className":38,"code":101804,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101806,101807,101827,101839,101843,101861],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101808,101809,101811,101813,101815,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101810,2548],{"class":51},[45,101812,56],{"class":55},[45,101814,10477],{"class":59},[45,101816,203],{"class":202},[45,101818,73],{"class":59},[45,101820,208],{"class":202},[45,101822,73],{"class":59},[45,101824,213],{"class":202},[45,101826,9295],{"class":59},[45,101828,101829,101831,101833,101835,101837],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,101830,2576],{"class":51},[45,101832,56],{"class":55},[45,101834,10477],{"class":59},[45,101836,2056],{"class":202},[45,101838,9295],{"class":59},[45,101840,101841],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101842,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,101844,101845,101847,101849,101851,101853,101855,101857,101859],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,101846,2548],{"class":51},[45,101848,56],{"class":55},[45,101850,56865],{"class":51},[45,101852,102],{"class":59},[45,101854,2806],{"class":105},[45,101856,109],{"class":59},[45,101858,373],{"class":105},[45,101860,118],{"class":59},[45,101862,101863,101865,101867,101869],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,101864,125],{"class":124},[45,101866,109],{"class":59},[45,101868,364],{"class":105},[45,101870,118],{"class":59},[14,101872,268],{},[36,101874,101875],{"className":38,"code":100348,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,101876,101877],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101878,101879,101881,101883,101885,101887],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101880,9264],{"class":59},[45,101882,203],{"class":202},[45,101884,73],{"class":59},[45,101886,208],{"class":202},[45,101888,9295],{"class":59},[1864,101890,101892],{"id":101891},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,101894,101895,101898],{},[18,101896,101897],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[157,101900,101901,101906],{},[160,101902,101903,101904],{},"keep items from ",[18,101905,364],{},[160,101907,101908,101909],{},"remove anything also in ",[18,101910,373],{},[14,101912,40887,101913,101915,101916,101918],{},[26,101914,178],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[18,101917,373],{},"”.",[14,101920,345],{},[36,101922,101924],{"className":38,"code":101923,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[18,101925,101926,101946,101966,101970,101988],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101927,101928,101930,101932,101934,101936,101938,101940,101942,101944],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101929,2548],{"class":51},[45,101931,56],{"class":55},[45,101933,10477],{"class":59},[45,101935,203],{"class":202},[45,101937,73],{"class":59},[45,101939,208],{"class":202},[45,101941,73],{"class":59},[45,101943,213],{"class":202},[45,101945,9295],{"class":59},[45,101947,101948,101950,101952,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962,101964],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,101949,2576],{"class":51},[45,101951,56],{"class":55},[45,101953,10477],{"class":59},[45,101955,2056],{"class":202},[45,101957,73],{"class":59},[45,101959,2450],{"class":202},[45,101961,73],{"class":59},[45,101963,4596],{"class":202},[45,101965,9295],{"class":59},[45,101967,101968],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101969,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,101971,101972,101974,101976,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,101973,125],{"class":124},[45,101975,109],{"class":59},[45,101977,364],{"class":105},[45,101979,102],{"class":59},[45,101981,2806],{"class":105},[45,101983,109],{"class":59},[45,101985,373],{"class":105},[45,101987,1802],{"class":59},[45,101989,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998,102000,102002,102004],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,101991,125],{"class":124},[45,101993,109],{"class":59},[45,101995,373],{"class":105},[45,101997,102],{"class":59},[45,101999,2806],{"class":105},[45,102001,109],{"class":59},[45,102003,364],{"class":105},[45,102005,1802],{"class":59},[14,102007,268],{},[36,102009,102011],{"className":38,"code":102010,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[18,102012,102013,102025],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102014,102015,102017,102019,102021,102023],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102016,9264],{"class":59},[45,102018,203],{"class":202},[45,102020,73],{"class":59},[45,102022,208],{"class":202},[45,102024,9295],{"class":59},[45,102026,102027,102029,102031,102033,102035],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,102028,9264],{"class":59},[45,102030,2498],{"class":202},[45,102032,73],{"class":59},[45,102034,4596],{"class":202},[45,102036,9295],{"class":59},[14,102038,102039],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1864,102041,102043],{"id":102042},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,102045,102046,102048],{},[18,102047,100255],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,102050,55298],{},[36,102052,102054],{"className":38,"code":102053,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[18,102055,102056,102076,102092,102096],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102057,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102059,2548],{"class":51},[45,102061,56],{"class":55},[45,102063,60],{"class":59},[45,102065,203],{"class":202},[45,102067,73],{"class":59},[45,102069,208],{"class":202},[45,102071,73],{"class":59},[45,102073,213],{"class":202},[45,102075,93],{"class":59},[45,102077,102078,102080,102082,102084,102086,102088,102090],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,102079,2576],{"class":51},[45,102081,56],{"class":55},[45,102083,60],{"class":59},[45,102085,2056],{"class":202},[45,102087,73],{"class":59},[45,102089,2450],{"class":202},[45,102091,93],{"class":59},[45,102093,102094],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102095,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,102097,102098],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,102099,102100],{"class":137},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102102,102103],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[36,102105,102107],{"className":38,"code":102106,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[18,102108,102109,102129,102145,102149,102175],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102110,102111,102113,102115,102117,102119,102121,102123,102125,102127],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102112,2548],{"class":51},[45,102114,56],{"class":55},[45,102116,60],{"class":59},[45,102118,203],{"class":202},[45,102120,73],{"class":59},[45,102122,208],{"class":202},[45,102124,73],{"class":59},[45,102126,213],{"class":202},[45,102128,93],{"class":59},[45,102130,102131,102133,102135,102137,102139,102141,102143],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,102132,2576],{"class":51},[45,102134,56],{"class":55},[45,102136,60],{"class":59},[45,102138,2056],{"class":202},[45,102140,73],{"class":59},[45,102142,2450],{"class":202},[45,102144,93],{"class":59},[45,102146,102147],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102148,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,102150,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169,102171,102173],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,102152,220],{"class":51},[45,102154,56],{"class":55},[45,102156,15620],{"class":315},[45,102158,109],{"class":59},[45,102160,364],{"class":105},[45,102162,8615],{"class":59},[45,102164,2806],{"class":105},[45,102166,109],{"class":59},[45,102168,6274],{"class":315},[45,102170,109],{"class":59},[45,102172,373],{"class":105},[45,102174,1802],{"class":59},[45,102176,102177,102179,102181,102183],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,102178,125],{"class":124},[45,102180,109],{"class":59},[45,102182,263],{"class":105},[45,102184,118],{"class":59},[14,102186,268],{},[36,102188,102189],{"className":38,"code":100348,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,102190,102191],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102192,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102194,9264],{"class":59},[45,102196,203],{"class":202},[45,102198,73],{"class":59},[45,102200,208],{"class":202},[45,102202,9295],{"class":59},[1864,102204,102206],{"id":102205},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102208,102209],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[36,102211,102213],{"className":38,"code":102212,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102214,102215,102247,102263,102267],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102216,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102218,2548],{"class":51},[45,102220,56],{"class":55},[45,102222,10477],{"class":59},[45,102224,64],{"class":63},[45,102226,37027],{"class":67},[45,102228,64],{"class":63},[45,102230,73],{"class":59},[45,102232,76],{"class":63},[45,102234,58104],{"class":67},[45,102236,64],{"class":63},[45,102238,73],{"class":59},[45,102240,76],{"class":63},[45,102242,58121],{"class":67},[45,102244,64],{"class":63},[45,102246,9295],{"class":59},[45,102248,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259,102261],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,102250,2576],{"class":51},[45,102252,56],{"class":55},[45,102254,10477],{"class":59},[45,102256,64],{"class":63},[45,102258,58104],{"class":67},[45,102260,64],{"class":63},[45,102262,9295],{"class":59},[45,102264,102265],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102266,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,102268,102269,102271,102273,102275,102277,102279,102281,102283],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,102270,125],{"class":124},[45,102272,109],{"class":59},[45,102274,364],{"class":105},[45,102276,102],{"class":59},[45,102278,2806],{"class":105},[45,102280,109],{"class":59},[45,102282,373],{"class":105},[45,102284,1802],{"class":59},[14,102286,102287],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1864,102289,102291],{"id":102290},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102293,102294],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[36,102296,102298],{"className":38,"code":102297,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102299,102300,102328,102340,102344,102354],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102301,102302,102304,102306,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318,102320,102322,102324,102326],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102303,2548],{"class":51},[45,102305,56],{"class":55},[45,102307,10477],{"class":59},[45,102309,203],{"class":202},[45,102311,73],{"class":59},[45,102313,5488],{"class":202},[45,102315,73],{"class":59},[45,102317,208],{"class":202},[45,102319,73],{"class":59},[45,102321,208],{"class":202},[45,102323,73],{"class":59},[45,102325,213],{"class":202},[45,102327,9295],{"class":59},[45,102329,102330,102332,102334,102336,102338],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,102331,2576],{"class":51},[45,102333,56],{"class":55},[45,102335,10477],{"class":59},[45,102337,2056],{"class":202},[45,102339,9295],{"class":59},[45,102341,102342],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102343,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,102345,102346,102348,102350,102352],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,102347,125],{"class":124},[45,102349,109],{"class":59},[45,102351,364],{"class":105},[45,102353,118],{"class":59},[45,102355,102356,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,102357,125],{"class":124},[45,102359,109],{"class":59},[45,102361,364],{"class":105},[45,102363,102],{"class":59},[45,102365,2806],{"class":105},[45,102367,109],{"class":59},[45,102369,373],{"class":105},[45,102371,1802],{"class":59},[14,102373,268],{},[36,102375,102377],{"className":38,"code":102376,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,102378,102379,102395],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102380,102381,102383,102385,102387,102389,102391,102393],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102382,9264],{"class":59},[45,102384,203],{"class":202},[45,102386,73],{"class":59},[45,102388,208],{"class":202},[45,102390,73],{"class":59},[45,102392,213],{"class":202},[45,102394,9295],{"class":59},[45,102396,102397,102399,102401,102403,102405],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,102398,9264],{"class":59},[45,102400,203],{"class":202},[45,102402,73],{"class":59},[45,102404,208],{"class":202},[45,102406,9295],{"class":59},[14,102408,102409,102410,102412],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[18,102411,100255],{}," runs.",[1864,102414,102416],{"id":102415},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102418,102419],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[36,102421,102423],{"className":38,"code":102422,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[18,102424,102425,102449,102469,102473,102483,102493,102511,102533],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102426,102427,102429,102431,102433,102435,102437,102439,102441,102443,102445,102447],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102428,2548],{"class":51},[45,102430,56],{"class":55},[45,102432,10477],{"class":59},[45,102434,203],{"class":202},[45,102436,73],{"class":59},[45,102438,208],{"class":202},[45,102440,73],{"class":59},[45,102442,213],{"class":202},[45,102444,73],{"class":59},[45,102446,2450],{"class":202},[45,102448,9295],{"class":59},[45,102450,102451,102453,102455,102457,102459,102461,102463,102465,102467],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,102452,2576],{"class":51},[45,102454,56],{"class":55},[45,102456,10477],{"class":59},[45,102458,2056],{"class":202},[45,102460,73],{"class":59},[45,102462,2450],{"class":202},[45,102464,73],{"class":59},[45,102466,4596],{"class":202},[45,102468,9295],{"class":59},[45,102470,102471],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102472,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,102474,102475,102477,102479,102481],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,102476,125],{"class":124},[45,102478,109],{"class":59},[45,102480,364],{"class":105},[45,102482,118],{"class":59},[45,102484,102485,102487,102489,102491],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,102486,125],{"class":124},[45,102488,109],{"class":59},[45,102490,373],{"class":105},[45,102492,118],{"class":59},[45,102494,102495,102497,102499,102501,102503,102505,102507,102509],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,102496,125],{"class":124},[45,102498,109],{"class":59},[45,102500,364],{"class":105},[45,102502,102],{"class":59},[45,102504,2806],{"class":105},[45,102506,109],{"class":59},[45,102508,373],{"class":105},[45,102510,1802],{"class":59},[45,102512,102513,102515,102517,102519,102521,102523,102525,102527,102529,102531],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,102514,125],{"class":124},[45,102516,109],{"class":59},[45,102518,1811],{"class":315},[45,102520,109],{"class":59},[45,102522,364],{"class":105},[45,102524,102],{"class":59},[45,102526,2806],{"class":105},[45,102528,109],{"class":59},[45,102530,373],{"class":105},[45,102532,2905],{"class":59},[45,102534,102535,102537,102539,102541,102543,102545,102547,102549,102551,102553],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,102536,125],{"class":124},[45,102538,109],{"class":59},[45,102540,11150],{"class":124},[45,102542,109],{"class":59},[45,102544,364],{"class":105},[45,102546,102],{"class":59},[45,102548,2806],{"class":105},[45,102550,109],{"class":59},[45,102552,373],{"class":105},[45,102554,2905],{"class":59},[14,102556,11159],{},[157,102558,102559,102562,102565,102568],{},[160,102560,102561],{},"what is in each set",[160,102563,102564],{},"what result Python creates",[160,102566,102567],{},"that the result is a set",[160,102569,102570],{},"how many items remain",[44898,102572],{},[31,102574,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,102576,175,102578,102580],{"id":102577},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[18,102579,100255],{}," change the original set?",[14,102582,102583],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1864,102585,5170,102587,1301,102589,2485],{"id":102586},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[18,102588,100255],{},[18,102590,101166],{},[14,102592,102593,102595,102596,102598],{},[18,102594,100255],{}," returns a new set. ",[18,102597,101166],{}," modifies the original set.",[1864,102600,28310,102602,102604],{"id":102601},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,102603,100255],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102606,102607],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1864,102609,102611],{"id":102610},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102613,102614],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44898,102616],{},[31,102618,1909],{"id":1908},[157,102620,102621,102625,102633],{},[160,102622,102623],{},[364,102624,96169],{"href":97340},[160,102626,102627],{},[364,102628,96655,102630,10728],{"href":102629},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[18,102631,102632],{},"intersection()",[160,102634,102635],{},[364,102636,96655,102638,10728],{"href":102637},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[18,102639,102640],{},"union()",[1936,102642,102643],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":102645},[102646,102647,102649,102650,102651,102652,102654,102659,102661,102669,102678],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":100377,"depth":96,"text":102648},"What difference() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":100996,"depth":96,"text":102653},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101161,"depth":96,"text":102655,"children":102656},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102657,102658],{"id":2806,"depth":121,"text":100255},{"id":101314,"depth":121,"text":101166},{"id":101433,"depth":96,"text":102660},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":102662},[102663,102664,102665,102666,102667,102668],{"id":101703,"depth":121,"text":101704},{"id":101891,"depth":121,"text":101892},{"id":102042,"depth":121,"text":102043},{"id":102205,"depth":121,"text":102206},{"id":102290,"depth":121,"text":102291},{"id":102415,"depth":121,"text":102416},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":102670},[102671,102673,102675,102677],{"id":102577,"depth":121,"text":102672},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102586,"depth":121,"text":102674},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102601,"depth":121,"text":102676},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102610,"depth":121,"text":102611},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100247,"description":102679},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102686,"title":102687,"body":102688,"description":104383,"extension":1958,"meta":104384,"navigation":241,"path":104385,"seo":104386,"stem":104387,"__hash__":104388},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102689,"toc":104345},[102690,102696,102702,102715,102717,102818,102820,102865,102870,102875,102879,102893,102896,102904,102906,102925,102943,102947,103000,103002,103023,103030,103035,103062,103069,103168,103170,103207,103215,103219,103225,103228,103301,103303,103311,103316,103385,103387,103412,103414,103417,103520,103522,103583,103586,103590,103596,103669,103671,103704,103707,103710,103750,103756,103779,103784,103788,103799,103802,103804,103808,103814,103816,103873,103883,103885,103938,103945,103950,104018,104026,104032,104036,104038,104077,104082,104131,104135,104138,104140,104179,104182,104184,104189,104246,104248,104262,104264,104268,104274,104279,104284,104291,104302,104308,104313,104315,104342],[10,102691,96041,102693,11311],{"id":102692},"python-set-discard-method",[18,102694,102695],{},"discard()",[14,102697,102698,102701],{},[18,102699,102700],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102703,102704,102705,2185,102710,14039,102712,102714],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[364,102706,102707],{"href":98050},[18,102708,102709],{},"set.remove()",[18,102711,102695],{},[26,102713,178],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[31,102716,34],{"id":33},[36,102718,102720],{"className":38,"code":102719,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[18,102721,102722,102754,102773,102783,102787,102808],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102723,102724,102726,102728,102730,102732,102734,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750,102752],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102725,461],{"class":51},[45,102727,56],{"class":55},[45,102729,10477],{"class":59},[45,102731,64],{"class":63},[45,102733,470],{"class":67},[45,102735,64],{"class":63},[45,102737,73],{"class":59},[45,102739,76],{"class":63},[45,102741,479],{"class":67},[45,102743,64],{"class":63},[45,102745,73],{"class":59},[45,102747,76],{"class":63},[45,102749,488],{"class":67},[45,102751,64],{"class":63},[45,102753,9295],{"class":59},[45,102755,102756,102758,102760,102763,102765,102767,102769,102771],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,102757,497],{"class":51},[45,102759,102],{"class":59},[45,102761,102762],{"class":105},"discard",[45,102764,109],{"class":59},[45,102766,64],{"class":63},[45,102768,479],{"class":67},[45,102770,64],{"class":63},[45,102772,118],{"class":59},[45,102774,102775,102777,102779,102781],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102776,125],{"class":124},[45,102778,109],{"class":59},[45,102780,497],{"class":105},[45,102782,118],{"class":59},[45,102784,102785],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,102786,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,102788,102789,102791,102793,102795,102797,102799,102801,102803,102805],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,102790,497],{"class":51},[45,102792,102],{"class":59},[45,102794,102762],{"class":105},[45,102796,109],{"class":59},[45,102798,64],{"class":63},[45,102800,22508],{"class":67},[45,102802,64],{"class":63},[45,102804,3654],{"class":59},[45,102806,102807],{"class":137},"  # no error if missing\n",[45,102809,102810,102812,102814,102816],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,102811,125],{"class":124},[45,102813,109],{"class":59},[45,102815,497],{"class":105},[45,102817,118],{"class":59},[14,102819,30010],{},[36,102821,102823],{"className":38,"code":102822,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,102824,102825,102845],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102826,102827,102829,102831,102833,102835,102837,102839,102841,102843],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102828,9264],{"class":59},[45,102830,429],{"class":63},[45,102832,470],{"class":67},[45,102834,429],{"class":63},[45,102836,73],{"class":59},[45,102838,438],{"class":63},[45,102840,488],{"class":67},[45,102842,429],{"class":63},[45,102844,9295],{"class":59},[45,102846,102847,102849,102851,102853,102855,102857,102859,102861,102863],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,102848,9264],{"class":59},[45,102850,429],{"class":63},[45,102852,470],{"class":67},[45,102854,429],{"class":63},[45,102856,73],{"class":59},[45,102858,438],{"class":63},[45,102860,488],{"class":67},[45,102862,429],{"class":63},[45,102864,9295],{"class":59},[14,102866,141,102867,102869],{},[18,102868,102695],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[31,102871,3671,102873,3674],{"id":102872},"what-setdiscard-does",[18,102874,102700],{},[14,102876,102877,1111],{},[18,102878,102695],{},[157,102880,102881,102884,102887,102889],{},[160,102882,102883],{},"Removes one item from a set",[160,102885,102886],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[160,102888,96156],{},[160,102890,11412,102891],{},[18,102892,301],{},[14,102894,102895],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,102897,96165,102898,1742,102901,102],{},[364,102899,102900],{"href":98632},"what a set is in Python",[364,102902,102903],{"href":97724},"how to create a set",[31,102905,2153],{"id":2152},[36,102907,102909],{"className":38,"code":102908,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[18,102910,102911],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102912,102913,102915,102917,102919,102921,102923],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102914,15653],{"class":51},[45,102916,102],{"class":59},[45,102918,102762],{"class":105},[45,102920,109],{"class":59},[45,102922,28],{"class":105},[45,102924,118],{"class":59},[157,102926,102927,102932,102937,102940],{},[160,102928,102929,102931],{},[18,102930,15653],{}," is the set you want to change",[160,102933,102934,102936],{},[18,102935,28],{}," is the item you want to remove",[160,102938,102939],{},"The set must already exist",[160,102941,102942],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1864,102944,102946],{"id":102945},"example","Example",[36,102948,102950],{"className":38,"code":102949,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,102951,102952,102976,102990],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102953,102954,102956,102958,102960,102962,102964,102966,102968,102970,102972,102974],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102955,195],{"class":51},[45,102957,56],{"class":55},[45,102959,10477],{"class":59},[45,102961,203],{"class":202},[45,102963,73],{"class":59},[45,102965,208],{"class":202},[45,102967,73],{"class":59},[45,102969,213],{"class":202},[45,102971,73],{"class":59},[45,102973,2450],{"class":202},[45,102975,9295],{"class":59},[45,102977,102978,102980,102982,102984,102986,102988],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,102979,251],{"class":51},[45,102981,102],{"class":59},[45,102983,102762],{"class":105},[45,102985,109],{"class":59},[45,102987,2056],{"class":202},[45,102989,118],{"class":59},[45,102991,102992,102994,102996,102998],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102993,125],{"class":124},[45,102995,109],{"class":59},[45,102997,251],{"class":105},[45,102999,118],{"class":59},[14,103001,268],{},[36,103003,103005],{"className":38,"code":103004,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[18,103006,103007],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103008,103009,103011,103013,103015,103017,103019,103021],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103010,9264],{"class":59},[45,103012,203],{"class":202},[45,103014,73],{"class":59},[45,103016,208],{"class":202},[45,103018,73],{"class":59},[45,103020,2450],{"class":202},[45,103022,9295],{"class":59},[31,103024,103026,103027,103029],{"id":103025},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[18,103028,102695],{}," different",[14,103031,103032,103034],{},[18,103033,102695],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[157,103036,103037,103050,103059],{},[160,103038,103039,103040,2185,103044,103046,103047,103049],{},"Unlike ",[364,103041,103042],{"href":98050},[18,103043,154],{},[18,103045,102695],{}," does not raise ",[18,103048,19673],{}," when the item is missing",[160,103051,103039,103052,2185,103056,103058],{},[364,103053,103054],{"href":98055},[18,103055,1304],{},[18,103057,102695],{}," removes a specific item",[160,103060,103061],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1864,103063,103065,10572,103067],{"id":103064},"discard-vs-remove",[18,103066,102695],{},[18,103068,154],{},[36,103070,103072],{"className":38,"code":103071,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[18,103073,103074,103098,103102,103123,103133,103137,103158],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103075,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103077,52],{"class":51},[45,103079,56],{"class":55},[45,103081,10477],{"class":59},[45,103083,64],{"class":63},[45,103085,68],{"class":67},[45,103087,64],{"class":63},[45,103089,73],{"class":59},[45,103091,76],{"class":63},[45,103093,79],{"class":67},[45,103095,64],{"class":63},[45,103097,9295],{"class":59},[45,103099,103100],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,103101,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,103103,103104,103106,103108,103110,103112,103114,103116,103118,103120],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103105,99],{"class":51},[45,103107,102],{"class":59},[45,103109,102762],{"class":105},[45,103111,109],{"class":59},[45,103113,64],{"class":63},[45,103115,88],{"class":67},[45,103117,64],{"class":63},[45,103119,3654],{"class":59},[45,103121,103122],{"class":137},"   # no error\n",[45,103124,103125,103127,103129,103131],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,103126,125],{"class":124},[45,103128,109],{"class":59},[45,103130,99],{"class":105},[45,103132,118],{"class":59},[45,103134,103135],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,103136,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,103138,103139,103141,103143,103145,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,103140,99],{"class":51},[45,103142,102],{"class":59},[45,103144,106],{"class":105},[45,103146,109],{"class":59},[45,103148,64],{"class":63},[45,103150,79],{"class":67},[45,103152,64],{"class":63},[45,103154,3654],{"class":59},[45,103156,103157],{"class":137},"    # removes existing item\n",[45,103159,103160,103162,103164,103166],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,103161,125],{"class":124},[45,103163,109],{"class":59},[45,103165,99],{"class":105},[45,103167,118],{"class":59},[14,103169,268],{},[36,103171,103173],{"className":38,"code":103172,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[18,103174,103175,103195],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103176,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103178,9264],{"class":59},[45,103180,429],{"class":63},[45,103182,68],{"class":67},[45,103184,429],{"class":63},[45,103186,73],{"class":59},[45,103188,438],{"class":63},[45,103190,79],{"class":67},[45,103192,429],{"class":63},[45,103194,9295],{"class":59},[45,103196,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,103198,9264],{"class":59},[45,103200,429],{"class":63},[45,103202,68],{"class":67},[45,103204,429],{"class":63},[45,103206,9295],{"class":59},[14,103208,40325,103209,103211,103212,103214],{},[18,103210,154],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[364,103213,11063],{"href":11062}," for more help with that case.",[31,103216,103218],{"id":103217},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103220,103221,1326,103223,102],{},[18,103222,102695],{},[18,103224,301],{},[14,103226,103227],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[36,103229,103231],{"className":38,"code":103230,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,103232,103233,103265,103287,103291],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103234,103235,103237,103239,103241,103243,103245,103247,103249,103251,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103236,461],{"class":51},[45,103238,56],{"class":55},[45,103240,10477],{"class":59},[45,103242,64],{"class":63},[45,103244,470],{"class":67},[45,103246,64],{"class":63},[45,103248,73],{"class":59},[45,103250,76],{"class":63},[45,103252,479],{"class":67},[45,103254,64],{"class":63},[45,103256,73],{"class":59},[45,103258,76],{"class":63},[45,103260,488],{"class":67},[45,103262,64],{"class":63},[45,103264,9295],{"class":59},[45,103266,103267,103269,103271,103273,103275,103277,103279,103281,103283,103285],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,103268,220],{"class":51},[45,103270,56],{"class":55},[45,103272,13108],{"class":51},[45,103274,102],{"class":59},[45,103276,102762],{"class":105},[45,103278,109],{"class":59},[45,103280,64],{"class":63},[45,103282,479],{"class":67},[45,103284,64],{"class":63},[45,103286,118],{"class":59},[45,103288,103289],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103290,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,103292,103293,103295,103297,103299],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,103294,125],{"class":124},[45,103296,109],{"class":59},[45,103298,263],{"class":105},[45,103300,118],{"class":59},[14,103302,268],{},[36,103304,103305],{"className":38,"code":292,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,103306,103307],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103308,103309],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103310,292],{"class":291},[14,103312,103313,103314,1111],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[18,103315,497],{},[36,103317,103319],{"className":38,"code":103318,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,103320,103321,103353,103371,103375],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103322,103323,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103324,461],{"class":51},[45,103326,56],{"class":55},[45,103328,10477],{"class":59},[45,103330,64],{"class":63},[45,103332,470],{"class":67},[45,103334,64],{"class":63},[45,103336,73],{"class":59},[45,103338,76],{"class":63},[45,103340,479],{"class":67},[45,103342,64],{"class":63},[45,103344,73],{"class":59},[45,103346,76],{"class":63},[45,103348,488],{"class":67},[45,103350,64],{"class":63},[45,103352,9295],{"class":59},[45,103354,103355,103357,103359,103361,103363,103365,103367,103369],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,103356,497],{"class":51},[45,103358,102],{"class":59},[45,103360,102762],{"class":105},[45,103362,109],{"class":59},[45,103364,64],{"class":63},[45,103366,479],{"class":67},[45,103368,64],{"class":63},[45,103370,118],{"class":59},[45,103372,103373],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103374,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,103376,103377,103379,103381,103383],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,103378,125],{"class":124},[45,103380,109],{"class":59},[45,103382,497],{"class":105},[45,103384,118],{"class":59},[14,103386,268],{},[36,103388,103390],{"className":38,"code":103389,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,103391,103392],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103393,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103395,9264],{"class":59},[45,103397,429],{"class":63},[45,103399,470],{"class":67},[45,103401,429],{"class":63},[45,103403,73],{"class":59},[45,103405,438],{"class":63},[45,103407,488],{"class":67},[45,103409,429],{"class":63},[45,103411,9295],{"class":59},[31,103413,11464],{"id":11463},[14,103415,103416],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[36,103418,103420],{"className":38,"code":103419,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[18,103421,103422,103454,103458,103476,103480,103498,103502],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103423,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103425,36219],{"class":51},[45,103427,56],{"class":55},[45,103429,10477],{"class":59},[45,103431,64],{"class":63},[45,103433,68],{"class":67},[45,103435,64],{"class":63},[45,103437,73],{"class":59},[45,103439,76],{"class":63},[45,103441,79],{"class":67},[45,103443,64],{"class":63},[45,103445,73],{"class":59},[45,103447,76],{"class":63},[45,103449,88],{"class":67},[45,103451,64],{"class":63},[45,103453,9295],{"class":59},[45,103455,103456],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,103457,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,103459,103460,103462,103464,103466,103468,103470,103472,103474],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103461,125],{"class":124},[45,103463,109],{"class":59},[45,103465,64],{"class":63},[45,103467,11553],{"class":67},[45,103469,64],{"class":63},[45,103471,73],{"class":59},[45,103473,52834],{"class":105},[45,103475,118],{"class":59},[45,103477,103478],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,103479,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,103481,103482,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,103483,36271],{"class":51},[45,103485,102],{"class":59},[45,103487,102762],{"class":105},[45,103489,109],{"class":59},[45,103491,64],{"class":63},[45,103493,79],{"class":67},[45,103495,64],{"class":63},[45,103497,118],{"class":59},[45,103499,103500],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,103501,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,103503,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,103505,125],{"class":124},[45,103507,109],{"class":59},[45,103509,64],{"class":63},[45,103511,11593],{"class":67},[45,103513,64],{"class":63},[45,103515,73],{"class":59},[45,103517,52834],{"class":105},[45,103519,118],{"class":59},[14,103521,268],{},[36,103523,103525],{"className":38,"code":103524,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103526,103527,103559],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103528,103529,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103530,11613],{"class":51},[45,103532,1111],{"class":59},[45,103534,10477],{"class":59},[45,103536,429],{"class":63},[45,103538,79],{"class":67},[45,103540,429],{"class":63},[45,103542,73],{"class":59},[45,103544,438],{"class":63},[45,103546,68],{"class":67},[45,103548,429],{"class":63},[45,103550,73],{"class":59},[45,103552,438],{"class":63},[45,103554,88],{"class":67},[45,103556,429],{"class":63},[45,103558,9295],{"class":59},[45,103560,103561,103563,103565,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,103562,11666],{"class":51},[45,103564,1111],{"class":59},[45,103566,10477],{"class":59},[45,103568,429],{"class":63},[45,103570,68],{"class":67},[45,103572,429],{"class":63},[45,103574,73],{"class":59},[45,103576,438],{"class":63},[45,103578,88],{"class":67},[45,103580,429],{"class":63},[45,103582,9295],{"class":59},[14,103584,103585],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[31,103587,103589],{"id":103588},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103591,103592,103593,103595],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[18,103594,102695],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[36,103597,103599],{"className":38,"code":103598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,103600,103601,103633,103637,103655,103659],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103602,103603,103605,103607,103609,103611,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621,103623,103625,103627,103629,103631],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103604,36219],{"class":51},[45,103606,56],{"class":55},[45,103608,10477],{"class":59},[45,103610,64],{"class":63},[45,103612,68],{"class":67},[45,103614,64],{"class":63},[45,103616,73],{"class":59},[45,103618,76],{"class":63},[45,103620,79],{"class":67},[45,103622,64],{"class":63},[45,103624,73],{"class":59},[45,103626,76],{"class":63},[45,103628,88],{"class":67},[45,103630,64],{"class":63},[45,103632,9295],{"class":59},[45,103634,103635],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,103636,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,103638,103639,103641,103643,103645,103647,103649,103651,103653],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103640,36271],{"class":51},[45,103642,102],{"class":59},[45,103644,102762],{"class":105},[45,103646,109],{"class":59},[45,103648,64],{"class":63},[45,103650,1093],{"class":67},[45,103652,64],{"class":63},[45,103654,118],{"class":59},[45,103656,103657],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,103658,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,103660,103661,103663,103665,103667],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,103662,125],{"class":124},[45,103664,109],{"class":59},[45,103666,36271],{"class":105},[45,103668,118],{"class":59},[14,103670,268],{},[36,103672,103674],{"className":38,"code":103673,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103675,103676],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103677,103678,103680,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103679,9264],{"class":59},[45,103681,429],{"class":63},[45,103683,79],{"class":67},[45,103685,429],{"class":63},[45,103687,73],{"class":59},[45,103689,438],{"class":63},[45,103691,68],{"class":67},[45,103693,429],{"class":63},[45,103695,73],{"class":59},[45,103697,438],{"class":63},[45,103699,88],{"class":67},[45,103701,429],{"class":63},[45,103703,9295],{"class":59},[14,103705,103706],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103708,103709],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[36,103711,103713],{"className":38,"code":103712,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,103714,103715,103731],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103716,103717,103719,103721,103723,103725,103727,103729],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103718,982],{"class":969},[45,103720,76],{"class":63},[45,103722,1093],{"class":67},[45,103724,64],{"class":63},[45,103726,1134],{"class":55},[45,103728,52834],{"class":51},[45,103730,1213],{"class":59},[45,103732,103733,103736,103738,103740,103742,103744,103746,103748],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,103734,103735],{"class":51},"    fruits",[45,103737,102],{"class":59},[45,103739,106],{"class":105},[45,103741,109],{"class":59},[45,103743,64],{"class":63},[45,103745,1093],{"class":67},[45,103747,64],{"class":63},[45,103749,118],{"class":59},[14,103751,103752,103753,103755],{},"With ",[18,103754,102695],{},", you can simply write:",[36,103757,103759],{"className":38,"code":103758,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[18,103760,103761],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103762,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103764,36271],{"class":51},[45,103766,102],{"class":59},[45,103768,102762],{"class":105},[45,103770,109],{"class":59},[45,103772,64],{"class":63},[45,103774,1093],{"class":67},[45,103776,64],{"class":63},[45,103778,118],{"class":59},[31,103780,4952,103782],{"id":103781},"when-to-use-discard",[18,103783,102695],{},[14,103785,141,103786,10588],{},[18,103787,102695],{},[157,103789,103790,103793,103796],{},[160,103791,103792],{},"Missing values are normal",[160,103794,103795],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[160,103797,103798],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,103800,103801],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[31,103803,1709],{"id":1708},[14,103805,8431,103806,102],{},[18,103807,102695],{},[1864,103809,1722,103811,103813],{"id":103810},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[18,103812,102695],{}," to return the changed set",[14,103815,4516],{},[36,103817,103819],{"className":38,"code":103818,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103820,103821,103841,103859,103863],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103822,103823,103825,103827,103829,103831,103833,103835,103837,103839],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103824,195],{"class":51},[45,103826,56],{"class":55},[45,103828,10477],{"class":59},[45,103830,203],{"class":202},[45,103832,73],{"class":59},[45,103834,208],{"class":202},[45,103836,73],{"class":59},[45,103838,213],{"class":202},[45,103840,9295],{"class":59},[45,103842,103843,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,103844,195],{"class":51},[45,103846,56],{"class":55},[45,103848,225],{"class":51},[45,103850,102],{"class":59},[45,103852,102762],{"class":105},[45,103854,109],{"class":59},[45,103856,234],{"class":202},[45,103858,118],{"class":59},[45,103860,103861],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103862,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,103864,103865,103867,103869,103871],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,103866,125],{"class":124},[45,103868,109],{"class":59},[45,103870,251],{"class":105},[45,103872,118],{"class":59},[14,103874,103875,42136,103877,8585,103879,1326,103881,102],{},[18,103876,251],{},[18,103878,301],{},[18,103880,102695],{},[18,103882,301],{},[14,103884,18826],{},[36,103886,103888],{"className":38,"code":103887,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103889,103890,103910,103924,103928],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103891,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900,103902,103904,103906,103908],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103893,195],{"class":51},[45,103895,56],{"class":55},[45,103897,10477],{"class":59},[45,103899,203],{"class":202},[45,103901,73],{"class":59},[45,103903,208],{"class":202},[45,103905,73],{"class":59},[45,103907,213],{"class":202},[45,103909,9295],{"class":59},[45,103911,103912,103914,103916,103918,103920,103922],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,103913,251],{"class":51},[45,103915,102],{"class":59},[45,103917,102762],{"class":105},[45,103919,109],{"class":59},[45,103921,234],{"class":202},[45,103923,118],{"class":59},[45,103925,103926],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103927,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,103929,103930,103932,103934,103936],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,103931,125],{"class":124},[45,103933,109],{"class":59},[45,103935,251],{"class":105},[45,103937,118],{"class":59},[1864,103939,37184,103941,8689,103943],{"id":103940},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[18,103942,102695],{},[18,103944,154],{},[14,103946,103947,103948,102],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[18,103949,102695],{},[36,103951,103953],{"className":38,"code":103952,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[18,103954,103955,103987,104008],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103956,103957,103959,103961,103963,103965,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983,103985],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103958,355],{"class":51},[45,103960,56],{"class":55},[45,103962,10477],{"class":59},[45,103964,64],{"class":63},[45,103966,364],{"class":67},[45,103968,64],{"class":63},[45,103970,73],{"class":59},[45,103972,76],{"class":63},[45,103974,373],{"class":67},[45,103976,64],{"class":63},[45,103978,73],{"class":59},[45,103980,76],{"class":63},[45,103982,382],{"class":67},[45,103984,64],{"class":63},[45,103986,9295],{"class":59},[45,103988,103989,103991,103993,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,103990,391],{"class":51},[45,103992,102],{"class":59},[45,103994,102762],{"class":105},[45,103996,109],{"class":59},[45,103998,64],{"class":63},[45,104000,22061],{"class":67},[45,104002,64],{"class":63},[45,104004,3654],{"class":59},[45,104006,104007],{"class":137},"   # safe\n",[45,104009,104010,104012,104014,104016],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104011,125],{"class":124},[45,104013,109],{"class":59},[45,104015,391],{"class":105},[45,104017,118],{"class":59},[14,104019,104020,104021,45890,104024,102],{},"If you use ",[18,104022,104023],{},"remove(\"z\")",[18,104025,19673],{},[1864,104027,25599,104029,104031],{"id":104028},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[18,104030,102695],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,104033,104034,102048],{},[18,104035,102695],{},[14,104037,16629],{},[36,104039,104041],{"className":38,"code":104040,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[18,104042,104043,104063],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104044,104045,104047,104049,104051,104053,104055,104057,104059,104061],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104046,52],{"class":51},[45,104048,56],{"class":55},[45,104050,60],{"class":59},[45,104052,203],{"class":202},[45,104054,73],{"class":59},[45,104056,208],{"class":202},[45,104058,73],{"class":59},[45,104060,213],{"class":202},[45,104062,93],{"class":59},[45,104064,104065,104067,104069,104071,104073,104075],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,104066,99],{"class":51},[45,104068,102],{"class":59},[45,104070,102762],{"class":105},[45,104072,109],{"class":59},[45,104074,234],{"class":202},[45,104076,118],{"class":59},[14,104078,104079,104080,1111],{},"Use a set if you need ",[18,104081,102695],{},[36,104083,104085],{"className":38,"code":104084,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[18,104086,104087,104107,104121],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104088,104089,104091,104093,104095,104097,104099,104101,104103,104105],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104090,52],{"class":51},[45,104092,56],{"class":55},[45,104094,10477],{"class":59},[45,104096,203],{"class":202},[45,104098,73],{"class":59},[45,104100,208],{"class":202},[45,104102,73],{"class":59},[45,104104,213],{"class":202},[45,104106,9295],{"class":59},[45,104108,104109,104111,104113,104115,104117,104119],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,104110,99],{"class":51},[45,104112,102],{"class":59},[45,104114,102762],{"class":105},[45,104116,109],{"class":59},[45,104118,234],{"class":202},[45,104120,118],{"class":59},[45,104122,104123,104125,104127,104129],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104124,125],{"class":124},[45,104126,109],{"class":59},[45,104128,99],{"class":105},[45,104130,118],{"class":59},[1864,104132,104134],{"id":104133},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104136,104137],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104139,2830],{},[36,104141,104143],{"className":38,"code":104142,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[18,104144,104145,104165],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104146,104147,104149,104151,104153,104155,104157,104159,104161,104163],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104148,9151],{"class":51},[45,104150,56],{"class":55},[45,104152,10477],{"class":59},[45,104154,203],{"class":202},[45,104156,73],{"class":59},[45,104158,208],{"class":202},[45,104160,73],{"class":59},[45,104162,213],{"class":202},[45,104164,9295],{"class":59},[45,104166,104167,104169,104171,104173,104175,104177],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,104168,9190],{"class":51},[45,104170,102],{"class":59},[45,104172,102762],{"class":105},[45,104174,2979],{"class":59},[45,104176,234],{"class":202},[45,104178,3880],{"class":59},[14,104180,104181],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[31,104183,8857],{"id":8856},[14,104185,8860,104186,104188],{},[18,104187,102695],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[36,104190,104192],{"className":38,"code":104191,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[18,104193,104194,104204,104218,104232],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104195,104196,104198,104200,104202],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104197,125],{"class":124},[45,104199,109],{"class":59},[45,104201,15653],{"class":105},[45,104203,118],{"class":59},[45,104205,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,104207,125],{"class":124},[45,104209,109],{"class":59},[45,104211,1811],{"class":315},[45,104213,109],{"class":59},[45,104215,15653],{"class":105},[45,104217,1802],{"class":59},[45,104219,104220,104222,104224,104226,104228,104230],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104221,125],{"class":124},[45,104223,109],{"class":59},[45,104225,1185],{"class":105},[45,104227,976],{"class":969},[45,104229,96765],{"class":105},[45,104231,118],{"class":59},[45,104233,104234,104236,104238,104240,104242,104244],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,104235,1822],{"class":124},[45,104237,109],{"class":59},[45,104239,6274],{"class":315},[45,104241,102],{"class":59},[45,104243,102762],{"class":1831},[45,104245,118],{"class":59},[14,104247,11159],{},[157,104249,104250,104253,104256,104259],{},[160,104251,104252],{},"What is currently in the set",[160,104254,104255],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[160,104257,104258],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[160,104260,104261],{},"How Python documents the method",[31,104263,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,104265,104267],{"id":104266},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104269,104270,104271,104273],{},"Nothing happens. ",[18,104272,102695],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1864,104275,5133,104277,12703],{"id":104276},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[18,104278,102700],{},[14,104280,1877,104281,104283],{},[18,104282,301],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1864,104285,5170,104287,1301,104289,2485],{"id":104286},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[18,104288,102695],{},[18,104290,154],{},[14,104292,104293,104294,26520,104296,104298,104299,104301],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[18,104295,154],{},[18,104297,19673],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[18,104300,102695],{}," does not.",[1864,104303,28310,104305,104307],{"id":104304},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[18,104306,102695],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104309,46346,104310,104312],{},[18,104311,102695],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[31,104314,1909],{"id":1908},[157,104316,104317,104323,104329,104334,104338],{},[160,104318,104319],{},[364,104320,96655,104321,10728],{"href":98050},[18,104322,154],{},[160,104324,104325],{},[364,104326,96655,104327,10728],{"href":98055},[18,104328,1304],{},[160,104330,104331],{},[364,104332,104333],{"href":97724},"Python set: creating a set",[160,104335,104336],{},[364,104337,100190],{"href":98632},[160,104339,104340],{},[364,104341,11251],{"href":11062},[1936,104343,104344],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":104346},[104347,104348,104350,104353,104358,104359,104360,104361,104363,104372,104373,104382],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":102872,"depth":96,"text":104349},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153,"children":104351},[104352],{"id":102945,"depth":121,"text":102946},{"id":103025,"depth":96,"text":104354,"children":104355},"What makes discard() different",[104356],{"id":103064,"depth":121,"text":104357},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103217,"depth":96,"text":103218},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":103588,"depth":96,"text":103589},{"id":103781,"depth":96,"text":104362},"When to use discard()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":104364},[104365,104367,104369,104371],{"id":103810,"depth":121,"text":104366},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103940,"depth":121,"text":104368},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104028,"depth":121,"text":104370},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104133,"depth":121,"text":104134},{"id":8856,"depth":96,"text":8857},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":104374},[104375,104376,104378,104380],{"id":104266,"depth":121,"text":104267},{"id":104276,"depth":121,"text":104377},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104286,"depth":121,"text":104379},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104304,"depth":121,"text":104381},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102687,"description":104383},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104390,"title":104391,"body":104392,"description":106398,"extension":1958,"meta":106399,"navigation":241,"path":106400,"seo":106401,"stem":106402,"__hash__":106403},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104393,"toc":106356},[104394,104397,104405,104410,104421,104423,104478,104482,104502,104507,104511,104516,104518,104532,104534,104609,104611,104644,104649,104654,104656,104658,104673,104676,104684,104689,104704,104706,104795,104797,104886,104892,104896,104898,104936,104938,104962,104965,104980,104982,105037,105039,105072,105074,105079,105083,105087,105092,105157,105159,105179,105185,105189,105246,105248,105269,105273,105278,105323,105325,105358,105361,105365,105398,105400,105429,105433,105437,105440,105442,105461,105463,105509,105514,105528,105530,105561,105566,105569,105613,105615,105643,105647,105651,105667,105670,105735,105737,105749,105752,105756,105759,105764,105792,105794,105812,105818,105857,105859,105877,105883,105912,105914,105932,105935,105952,105954,105959,105963,105966,105992,105999,106004,106019,106028,106032,106035,106066,106072,106075,106084,106087,106089,106091,106149,106152,106177,106179,106183,106186,106190,106198,106202,106205,106209,106212,106214,106237,106239,106280,106287,106295,106298,106329,106331,106353],[10,104395,104391],{"id":104396},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104398,9108,104399,104401,104402,102],{},[18,104400,3790],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[26,104403,104404],{},"unique values only",[14,104406,35387,104407,104409],{},[18,104408,3790],{}," to:",[157,104411,104412,104415,104418],{},[160,104413,104414],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[160,104416,104417],{},"check whether a value exists",[160,104419,104420],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[31,104422,34],{"id":33},[36,104424,104426],{"className":38,"code":104425,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[18,104427,104428,104452,104467],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104429,104430,104432,104434,104436,104438,104440,104442,104444,104446,104448,104450],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104431,195],{"class":51},[45,104433,56],{"class":55},[45,104435,60],{"class":59},[45,104437,203],{"class":202},[45,104439,73],{"class":59},[45,104441,208],{"class":202},[45,104443,73],{"class":59},[45,104445,208],{"class":202},[45,104447,73],{"class":59},[45,104449,213],{"class":202},[45,104451,93],{"class":59},[45,104453,104454,104457,104459,104461,104463,104465],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,104455,104456],{"class":51},"unique_numbers ",[45,104458,56],{"class":55},[45,104460,15620],{"class":315},[45,104462,109],{"class":59},[45,104464,251],{"class":105},[45,104466,118],{"class":59},[45,104468,104469,104471,104473,104476],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104470,125],{"class":124},[45,104472,109],{"class":59},[45,104474,104475],{"class":105},"unique_numbers",[45,104477,118],{"class":59},[14,104479,104480],{},[26,104481,268],{},[36,104483,104484],{"className":38,"code":96448,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,104485,104486],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104487,104488,104490,104492,104494,104496,104498,104500],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104489,9264],{"class":59},[45,104491,203],{"class":202},[45,104493,73],{"class":59},[45,104495,208],{"class":202},[45,104497,73],{"class":59},[45,104499,213],{"class":202},[45,104501,9295],{"class":59},[14,104503,141,104504,104506],{},[18,104505,3790],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[31,104508,104510],{"id":104509},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104512,104513,104515],{},[18,104514,3790],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104517,30521],{},[157,104519,104520,104523,104526,104529],{},[160,104521,104522],{},"A set stores unique items only",[160,104524,104525],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[160,104527,104528],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[160,104530,104531],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104533,345],{},[36,104535,104537],{"className":38,"code":104536,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[18,104538,104539,104579,104594,104598],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104540,104541,104543,104545,104547,104549,104551,104553,104555,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565,104567,104569,104571,104573,104575,104577],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104542,461],{"class":51},[45,104544,56],{"class":55},[45,104546,60],{"class":59},[45,104548,64],{"class":63},[45,104550,470],{"class":67},[45,104552,64],{"class":63},[45,104554,73],{"class":59},[45,104556,76],{"class":63},[45,104558,479],{"class":67},[45,104560,64],{"class":63},[45,104562,73],{"class":59},[45,104564,76],{"class":63},[45,104566,470],{"class":67},[45,104568,64],{"class":63},[45,104570,73],{"class":59},[45,104572,76],{"class":63},[45,104574,488],{"class":67},[45,104576,64],{"class":63},[45,104578,93],{"class":59},[45,104580,104581,104584,104586,104588,104590,104592],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,104582,104583],{"class":51},"unique_colors ",[45,104585,56],{"class":55},[45,104587,15620],{"class":315},[45,104589,109],{"class":59},[45,104591,497],{"class":105},[45,104593,118],{"class":59},[45,104595,104596],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104597,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,104599,104600,104602,104604,104607],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,104601,125],{"class":124},[45,104603,109],{"class":59},[45,104605,104606],{"class":105},"unique_colors",[45,104608,118],{"class":59},[14,104610,30010],{},[36,104612,104614],{"className":38,"code":104613,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[18,104615,104616],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104617,104618,104620,104622,104624,104626,104628,104630,104632,104634,104636,104638,104640,104642],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104619,9264],{"class":59},[45,104621,429],{"class":63},[45,104623,479],{"class":67},[45,104625,429],{"class":63},[45,104627,73],{"class":59},[45,104629,438],{"class":63},[45,104631,488],{"class":67},[45,104633,429],{"class":63},[45,104635,73],{"class":59},[45,104637,438],{"class":63},[45,104639,470],{"class":67},[45,104641,429],{"class":63},[45,104643,9295],{"class":59},[14,104645,2281,104646,104648],{},[18,104647,65367],{}," appears only once.",[14,104650,104651,104652,102],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[364,104653,96169],{"href":96168},[31,104655,2153],{"id":2152},[14,104657,2156],{},[36,104659,104661],{"className":38,"code":104660,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set(iterable)\n",[18,104662,104663],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104664,104665,104667,104669,104671],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104666,6274],{"class":315},[45,104668,109],{"class":59},[45,104670,3714],{"class":105},[45,104672,118],{"class":59},[14,104674,104675],{},"The argument is optional.",[157,104677,104678,104681],{},[160,104679,104680],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[160,104682,104683],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104685,104686,104687,1111],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[18,104688,3790],{},[157,104690,104691,104693,104695,104697,104701],{},[160,104692,316],{},[160,104694,48935],{},[160,104696,61151],{},[160,104698,104699],{},[18,104700,36178],{},[160,104702,104703],{},"another set",[14,104705,2120],{},[36,104707,104709],{"className":38,"code":104708,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[18,104710,104711,104737,104759,104777],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104712,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721,104723,104725,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104714,125],{"class":124},[45,104716,109],{"class":59},[45,104718,6274],{"class":315},[45,104720,2979],{"class":59},[45,104722,203],{"class":202},[45,104724,73],{"class":59},[45,104726,208],{"class":202},[45,104728,73],{"class":59},[45,104730,208],{"class":202},[45,104732,73],{"class":59},[45,104734,213],{"class":202},[45,104736,2992],{"class":59},[45,104738,104739,104741,104743,104745,104747,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,104740,125],{"class":124},[45,104742,109],{"class":59},[45,104744,6274],{"class":315},[45,104746,5501],{"class":59},[45,104748,585],{"class":202},[45,104750,73],{"class":59},[45,104752,590],{"class":202},[45,104754,73],{"class":59},[45,104756,5991],{"class":202},[45,104758,2905],{"class":59},[45,104760,104761,104763,104765,104767,104769,104771,104773,104775],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104762,125],{"class":124},[45,104764,109],{"class":59},[45,104766,6274],{"class":315},[45,104768,109],{"class":59},[45,104770,64],{"class":63},[45,104772,3839],{"class":67},[45,104774,64],{"class":63},[45,104776,1802],{"class":59},[45,104778,104779,104781,104783,104785,104787,104789,104791,104793],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,104780,125],{"class":124},[45,104782,109],{"class":59},[45,104784,6274],{"class":315},[45,104786,109],{"class":59},[45,104788,59975],{"class":124},[45,104790,109],{"class":59},[45,104792,2498],{"class":202},[45,104794,2905],{"class":59},[14,104796,30010],{},[36,104798,104800],{"className":38,"code":104799,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[18,104801,104802,104818,104830,104866],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104803,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812,104814,104816],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104805,9264],{"class":59},[45,104807,203],{"class":202},[45,104809,73],{"class":59},[45,104811,208],{"class":202},[45,104813,73],{"class":59},[45,104815,213],{"class":202},[45,104817,9295],{"class":59},[45,104819,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,104821,9264],{"class":59},[45,104823,585],{"class":202},[45,104825,73],{"class":59},[45,104827,590],{"class":202},[45,104829,9295],{"class":59},[45,104831,104832,104834,104836,104838,104840,104842,104844,104846,104848,104850,104852,104854,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104833,9264],{"class":59},[45,104835,429],{"class":63},[45,104837,60415],{"class":67},[45,104839,429],{"class":63},[45,104841,73],{"class":59},[45,104843,438],{"class":63},[45,104845,60424],{"class":67},[45,104847,429],{"class":63},[45,104849,73],{"class":59},[45,104851,438],{"class":63},[45,104853,60433],{"class":67},[45,104855,429],{"class":63},[45,104857,73],{"class":59},[45,104859,438],{"class":63},[45,104861,60450],{"class":67},[45,104863,429],{"class":63},[45,104865,9295],{"class":59},[45,104867,104868,104870,104872,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882,104884],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,104869,9264],{"class":59},[45,104871,2114],{"class":202},[45,104873,73],{"class":59},[45,104875,5488],{"class":202},[45,104877,73],{"class":59},[45,104879,208],{"class":202},[45,104881,73],{"class":59},[45,104883,213],{"class":202},[45,104885,9295],{"class":59},[14,104887,104888,104889,102],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[364,104890,104891],{"href":64825},"Python list() function explained",[31,104893,104895],{"id":104894},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,104897,98121],{},[36,104899,104900],{"className":38,"code":99086,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,104901,104902,104912,104922],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104903,104904,104906,104908,104910],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104905,98131],{"class":51},[45,104907,56],{"class":55},[45,104909,15620],{"class":315},[45,104911,8627],{"class":59},[45,104913,104914,104916,104918,104920],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,104915,125],{"class":124},[45,104917,109],{"class":59},[45,104919,98150],{"class":105},[45,104921,118],{"class":59},[45,104923,104924,104926,104928,104930,104932,104934],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104925,125],{"class":124},[45,104927,109],{"class":59},[45,104929,1811],{"class":315},[45,104931,109],{"class":59},[45,104933,98150],{"class":105},[45,104935,1802],{"class":59},[14,104937,268],{},[36,104939,104940],{"className":38,"code":99129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,104941,104942,104948],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104943,104944,104946],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104945,6274],{"class":315},[45,104947,8627],{"class":59},[45,104949,104950,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,104951,3284],{"class":55},[45,104953,3287],{"class":2059},[45,104955,438],{"class":63},[45,104957,6274],{"class":67},[45,104959,429],{"class":63},[45,104961,3296],{"class":55},[14,104963,104964],{},"This is important because:",[157,104966,104967,104972],{},[160,104968,104969,104971],{},[18,104970,3790],{}," creates an empty set",[160,104973,104974,104976,104977,104979],{},[18,104975,3785],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[26,104978,178],{}," a set",[14,104981,345],{},[36,104983,104985],{"className":38,"code":104984,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[18,104986,104987,104997,105005,105009,105023],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104988,104989,104991,104993,104995],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104990,2548],{"class":51},[45,104992,56],{"class":55},[45,104994,15620],{"class":315},[45,104996,8627],{"class":59},[45,104998,104999,105001,105003],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,105000,2576],{"class":51},[45,105002,56],{"class":55},[45,105004,9824],{"class":59},[45,105006,105007],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105008,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,105010,105011,105013,105015,105017,105019,105021],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,105012,125],{"class":124},[45,105014,109],{"class":59},[45,105016,1811],{"class":315},[45,105018,109],{"class":59},[45,105020,364],{"class":105},[45,105022,1802],{"class":59},[45,105024,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,105026,125],{"class":124},[45,105028,109],{"class":59},[45,105030,1811],{"class":315},[45,105032,109],{"class":59},[45,105034,373],{"class":105},[45,105036,1802],{"class":59},[14,105038,268],{},[36,105040,105042],{"className":38,"code":105041,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,105043,105044,105058],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105045,105046,105048,105050,105052,105054,105056],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105047,3284],{"class":55},[45,105049,3287],{"class":2059},[45,105051,438],{"class":63},[45,105053,6274],{"class":67},[45,105055,429],{"class":63},[45,105057,3296],{"class":55},[45,105059,105060,105062,105064,105066,105068,105070],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,105061,3284],{"class":55},[45,105063,3287],{"class":2059},[45,105065,438],{"class":63},[45,105067,8806],{"class":67},[45,105069,429],{"class":63},[45,105071,3296],{"class":55},[14,105073,14034],{},[14,105075,105076,105077,102],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[364,105078,104333],{"href":96172},[31,105080,105082],{"id":105081},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1864,105084,105086],{"id":105085},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,105088,105089,105090,102],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[18,105091,3790],{},[36,105093,105095],{"className":38,"code":105094,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105096,105097,105129,105143,105147],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105098,105099,105101,105103,105105,105107,105109,105111,105113,105115,105117,105119,105121,105123,105125,105127],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105100,195],{"class":51},[45,105102,56],{"class":55},[45,105104,60],{"class":59},[45,105106,203],{"class":202},[45,105108,73],{"class":59},[45,105110,208],{"class":202},[45,105112,73],{"class":59},[45,105114,208],{"class":202},[45,105116,73],{"class":59},[45,105118,213],{"class":202},[45,105120,73],{"class":59},[45,105122,213],{"class":202},[45,105124,73],{"class":59},[45,105126,213],{"class":202},[45,105128,93],{"class":59},[45,105130,105131,105133,105135,105137,105139,105141],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,105132,220],{"class":51},[45,105134,56],{"class":55},[45,105136,15620],{"class":315},[45,105138,109],{"class":59},[45,105140,251],{"class":105},[45,105142,118],{"class":59},[45,105144,105145],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105146,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,105148,105149,105151,105153,105155],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,105150,125],{"class":124},[45,105152,109],{"class":59},[45,105154,263],{"class":105},[45,105156,118],{"class":59},[14,105158,268],{},[36,105160,105161],{"className":38,"code":96448,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,105162,105163],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105164,105165,105167,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105166,9264],{"class":59},[45,105168,203],{"class":202},[45,105170,73],{"class":59},[45,105172,208],{"class":202},[45,105174,73],{"class":59},[45,105176,213],{"class":202},[45,105178,9295],{"class":59},[14,105180,105181,105182,102],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[364,105183,98919],{"href":105184},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1864,105186,105188],{"id":105187},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[36,105190,105192],{"className":38,"code":105191,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105193,105194,105218,105232,105236],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105195,105196,105198,105200,105202,105204,105206,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105197,3816],{"class":51},[45,105199,56],{"class":55},[45,105201,9222],{"class":59},[45,105203,2131],{"class":202},[45,105205,73],{"class":59},[45,105207,4596],{"class":202},[45,105209,73],{"class":59},[45,105211,5991],{"class":202},[45,105213,73],{"class":59},[45,105215,37917],{"class":202},[45,105217,118],{"class":59},[45,105219,105220,105222,105224,105226,105228,105230],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,105221,220],{"class":51},[45,105223,56],{"class":55},[45,105225,15620],{"class":315},[45,105227,109],{"class":59},[45,105229,5350],{"class":105},[45,105231,118],{"class":59},[45,105233,105234],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105235,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,105237,105238,105240,105242,105244],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,105239,125],{"class":124},[45,105241,109],{"class":59},[45,105243,263],{"class":105},[45,105245,118],{"class":59},[14,105247,268],{},[36,105249,105251],{"className":38,"code":105250,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[18,105252,105253],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105254,105255,105257,105259,105261,105263,105265,105267],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105256,9264],{"class":59},[45,105258,2131],{"class":202},[45,105260,73],{"class":59},[45,105262,5991],{"class":202},[45,105264,73],{"class":59},[45,105266,37917],{"class":202},[45,105268,9295],{"class":59},[1864,105270,105272],{"id":105271},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105274,51109,105275,105277],{},[18,105276,3790],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[36,105279,105281],{"className":38,"code":105280,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105282,105283,105295,105309,105313],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105284,105285,105287,105289,105291,105293],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105286,34669],{"class":51},[45,105288,56],{"class":55},[45,105290,76],{"class":63},[45,105292,79],{"class":67},[45,105294,1194],{"class":63},[45,105296,105297,105299,105301,105303,105305,105307],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,105298,220],{"class":51},[45,105300,56],{"class":55},[45,105302,15620],{"class":315},[45,105304,109],{"class":59},[45,105306,34690],{"class":105},[45,105308,118],{"class":59},[45,105310,105311],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105312,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,105314,105315,105317,105319,105321],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,105316,125],{"class":124},[45,105318,109],{"class":59},[45,105320,263],{"class":105},[45,105322,118],{"class":59},[14,105324,30010],{},[36,105326,105328],{"className":38,"code":105327,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[18,105329,105330],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105331,105332,105334,105336,105338,105340,105342,105344,105346,105348,105350,105352,105354,105356],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105333,9264],{"class":59},[45,105335,429],{"class":63},[45,105337,373],{"class":67},[45,105339,429],{"class":63},[45,105341,73],{"class":59},[45,105343,438],{"class":63},[45,105345,364],{"class":67},[45,105347,429],{"class":63},[45,105349,73],{"class":59},[45,105351,438],{"class":63},[45,105353,75868],{"class":67},[45,105355,429],{"class":63},[45,105357,9295],{"class":59},[14,105359,105360],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1864,105362,105364],{"id":105363},"from-range","From range()",[36,105366,105368],{"className":38,"code":105367,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[18,105369,105370,105388],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105371,105372,105374,105376,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105373,220],{"class":51},[45,105375,56],{"class":55},[45,105377,15620],{"class":315},[45,105379,109],{"class":59},[45,105381,59975],{"class":124},[45,105383,109],{"class":59},[45,105385,2131],{"class":202},[45,105387,1802],{"class":59},[45,105389,105390,105392,105394,105396],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,105391,125],{"class":124},[45,105393,109],{"class":59},[45,105395,263],{"class":105},[45,105397,118],{"class":59},[14,105399,268],{},[36,105401,105403],{"className":38,"code":105402,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,105404,105405],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105406,105407,105409,105411,105413,105415,105417,105419,105421,105423,105425,105427],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105408,9264],{"class":59},[45,105410,2114],{"class":202},[45,105412,73],{"class":59},[45,105414,5488],{"class":202},[45,105416,73],{"class":59},[45,105418,208],{"class":202},[45,105420,73],{"class":59},[45,105422,213],{"class":202},[45,105424,73],{"class":59},[45,105426,2450],{"class":202},[45,105428,9295],{"class":59},[31,105430,105432],{"id":105431},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105434,99366,105435,102],{},[26,105436,96212],{},[14,105438,105439],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105441,99372],{},[157,105443,105444,105448,105452,105456],{},[160,105445,105446],{},[18,105447,2184],{},[160,105449,105450],{},[18,105451,3436],{},[160,105453,105454],{},[18,105455,2188],{},[160,105457,105458,105460],{},[18,105459,48935],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105462,345],{},[36,105464,105466],{"className":38,"code":105465,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[18,105467,105468,105499],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105469,105470,105472,105474,105476,105478,105480,105482,105484,105486,105488,105490,105492,105494,105496],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105471,52],{"class":51},[45,105473,56],{"class":55},[45,105475,10477],{"class":59},[45,105477,203],{"class":202},[45,105479,73],{"class":59},[45,105481,76],{"class":63},[45,105483,3839],{"class":67},[45,105485,64],{"class":63},[45,105487,73],{"class":59},[45,105489,9222],{"class":59},[45,105491,585],{"class":202},[45,105493,73],{"class":59},[45,105495,590],{"class":202},[45,105497,105498],{"class":59},")}\n",[45,105500,105501,105503,105505,105507],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,105502,125],{"class":124},[45,105504,109],{"class":59},[45,105506,99],{"class":105},[45,105508,118],{"class":59},[14,105510,99434,105511,105513],{},[26,105512,178],{}," work inside a set:",[157,105515,105516,105520,105524],{},[160,105517,105518],{},[18,105519,316],{},[160,105521,105522],{},[18,105523,8806],{},[160,105525,105526],{},[18,105527,6274],{},[14,105529,96937],{},[36,105531,105533],{"className":38,"code":105532,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,105534,105535],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105536,105537,105539,105541,105543,105545,105547,105549,105551,105553,105555,105557,105559],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105538,99453],{"class":51},[45,105540,56],{"class":55},[45,105542,99458],{"class":59},[45,105544,203],{"class":202},[45,105546,73],{"class":59},[45,105548,208],{"class":202},[45,105550,18047],{"class":59},[45,105552,60],{"class":59},[45,105554,2056],{"class":202},[45,105556,73],{"class":59},[45,105558,2450],{"class":202},[45,105560,13691],{"class":59},[14,105562,76696,105563,105565],{},[18,105564,2998],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105567,105568],{},"A safer example:",[36,105570,105572],{"className":38,"code":105571,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[18,105573,105574,105602],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105575,105576,105579,105581,105584,105586,105588,105590,105592,105594,105596,105598,105600],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105577,105578],{"class":51},"good_set ",[45,105580,56],{"class":55},[45,105582,105583],{"class":59}," {(",[45,105585,203],{"class":202},[45,105587,73],{"class":59},[45,105589,208],{"class":202},[45,105591,9219],{"class":59},[45,105593,9222],{"class":59},[45,105595,2056],{"class":202},[45,105597,73],{"class":59},[45,105599,2450],{"class":202},[45,105601,105498],{"class":59},[45,105603,105604,105606,105608,105611],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,105605,125],{"class":124},[45,105607,109],{"class":59},[45,105609,105610],{"class":105},"good_set",[45,105612,118],{"class":59},[14,105614,268],{},[36,105616,105618],{"className":38,"code":105617,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[18,105619,105620],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105621,105622,105625,105627,105629,105631,105633,105635,105637,105639,105641],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105623,105624],{"class":59},"{(",[45,105626,203],{"class":202},[45,105628,73],{"class":59},[45,105630,208],{"class":202},[45,105632,9219],{"class":59},[45,105634,9222],{"class":59},[45,105636,2056],{"class":202},[45,105638,73],{"class":59},[45,105640,2450],{"class":202},[45,105642,105498],{"class":59},[31,105644,105646],{"id":105645},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105648,141,105649,10588],{},[18,105650,3790],{},[157,105652,105653,105656,105661,105664],{},[160,105654,105655],{},"you need unique values only",[160,105657,105658,105659],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[18,105660,976],{},[160,105662,105663],{},"order does not matter",[160,105665,105666],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105668,105669],{},"Example of membership checking:",[36,105671,105673],{"className":38,"code":105672,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[18,105674,105675,105700,105704,105720],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105676,105677,105680,105682,105684,105686,105688,105690,105693,105695,105698],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105678,105679],{"class":51},"allowed_ids ",[45,105681,56],{"class":55},[45,105683,15620],{"class":315},[45,105685,2979],{"class":59},[45,105687,46573],{"class":202},[45,105689,73],{"class":59},[45,105691,105692],{"class":202}," 102",[45,105694,73],{"class":59},[45,105696,105697],{"class":202}," 103",[45,105699,3880],{"class":59},[45,105701,105702],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,105703,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,105705,105706,105708,105710,105713,105715,105718],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105707,125],{"class":124},[45,105709,109],{"class":59},[45,105711,105712],{"class":202},"102",[45,105714,1134],{"class":969},[45,105716,105717],{"class":105}," allowed_ids",[45,105719,118],{"class":59},[45,105721,105722,105724,105726,105729,105731,105733],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,105723,125],{"class":124},[45,105725,109],{"class":59},[45,105727,105728],{"class":202},"999",[45,105730,1134],{"class":969},[45,105732,105717],{"class":105},[45,105734,118],{"class":59},[14,105736,268],{},[36,105738,105739],{"className":38,"code":44156,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,105740,105741,105745],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105742,105743],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105744,3971],{"class":291},[45,105746,105747],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,105748,4032],{"class":291},[14,105750,105751],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[31,105753,105755],{"id":105754},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105757,105758],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1864,105760,141,105762,98063],{"id":105761},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[18,105763,3790],{},[36,105765,105766],{"className":38,"code":98124,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,105767,105768,105778],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105769,105770,105772,105774,105776],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105771,98131],{"class":51},[45,105773,56],{"class":55},[45,105775,15620],{"class":315},[45,105777,8627],{"class":59},[45,105779,105780,105782,105784,105786,105788,105790],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,105781,125],{"class":124},[45,105783,109],{"class":59},[45,105785,1811],{"class":315},[45,105787,109],{"class":59},[45,105789,98150],{"class":105},[45,105791,1802],{"class":59},[14,105793,268],{},[36,105795,105796],{"className":38,"code":8837,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,105797,105798],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105799,105800,105802,105804,105806,105808,105810],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105801,3284],{"class":55},[45,105803,3287],{"class":2059},[45,105805,438],{"class":63},[45,105807,6274],{"class":67},[45,105809,429],{"class":63},[45,105811,3296],{"class":55},[1864,105813,141,105815,105817],{"id":105814},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[18,105816,100123],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[36,105819,105821],{"className":38,"code":105820,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[18,105822,105823,105843],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105824,105825,105827,105829,105831,105833,105835,105837,105839,105841],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105826,195],{"class":51},[45,105828,56],{"class":55},[45,105830,10477],{"class":59},[45,105832,203],{"class":202},[45,105834,73],{"class":59},[45,105836,208],{"class":202},[45,105838,73],{"class":59},[45,105840,213],{"class":202},[45,105842,9295],{"class":59},[45,105844,105845,105847,105849,105851,105853,105855],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,105846,125],{"class":124},[45,105848,109],{"class":59},[45,105850,1811],{"class":315},[45,105852,109],{"class":59},[45,105854,251],{"class":105},[45,105856,1802],{"class":59},[14,105858,268],{},[36,105860,105861],{"className":38,"code":8837,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,105862,105863],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105864,105865,105867,105869,105871,105873,105875],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105866,3284],{"class":55},[45,105868,3287],{"class":2059},[45,105870,438],{"class":63},[45,105872,6274],{"class":67},[45,105874,429],{"class":63},[45,105876,3296],{"class":55},[1864,105878,141,105880,105882],{"id":105879},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[18,105881,3785],{}," for an empty dictionary",[36,105884,105886],{"className":38,"code":105885,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[18,105887,105888,105897],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105889,105890,105893,105895],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105891,105892],{"class":51},"empty_dict ",[45,105894,56],{"class":55},[45,105896,9824],{"class":59},[45,105898,105899,105901,105903,105905,105907,105910],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,105900,125],{"class":124},[45,105902,109],{"class":59},[45,105904,1811],{"class":315},[45,105906,109],{"class":59},[45,105908,105909],{"class":105},"empty_dict",[45,105911,1802],{"class":59},[14,105913,268],{},[36,105915,105916],{"className":38,"code":8793,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,105917,105918],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105919,105920,105922,105924,105926,105928,105930],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105921,3284],{"class":55},[45,105923,3287],{"class":2059},[45,105925,438],{"class":63},[45,105927,8806],{"class":67},[45,105929,429],{"class":63},[45,105931,3296],{"class":55},[14,105933,105934],{},"So the rule is simple:",[157,105936,105937,105942,105947],{},[160,105938,105939,105941],{},[18,105940,3790],{}," → empty set",[160,105943,105944,105946],{},[18,105945,100123],{}," → non-empty set",[160,105948,105949,105951],{},[18,105950,3785],{}," → empty dictionary",[31,105953,1709],{"id":1708},[14,105955,105956,105957,102],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[18,105958,3790],{},[1864,105960,1736,105961,99721],{"id":99718},[18,105962,3785],{},[14,105964,105965],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[36,105967,105968],{"className":38,"code":99727,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,105969,105970,105978],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105971,105972,105974,105976],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105973,1185],{"class":51},[45,105975,56],{"class":55},[45,105977,9824],{"class":59},[45,105979,105980,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,105981,125],{"class":124},[45,105983,109],{"class":59},[45,105985,1811],{"class":315},[45,105987,109],{"class":59},[45,105989,28],{"class":105},[45,105991,1802],{"class":59},[1864,105993,105995,105996],{"id":105994},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[18,105997,105998],{},"set(5)",[14,106000,106001,106003],{},[18,106002,3790],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[36,106005,106007],{"className":38,"code":106006,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set(5)\n",[18,106008,106009],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106010,106011,106013,106015,106017],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106012,6274],{"class":315},[45,106014,109],{"class":59},[45,106016,2131],{"class":202},[45,106018,118],{"class":59},[14,106020,2995,106021,106023,106024,102],{},[18,106022,2998],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[364,106025,106027],{"href":106026},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1864,106029,106031],{"id":106030},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,106033,106034],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[36,106036,106038],{"className":38,"code":106037,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,106039,106040],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106041,106042,106044,106046,106048,106050,106052,106054,106056,106058,106060,106062,106064],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106043,1185],{"class":51},[45,106045,56],{"class":55},[45,106047,99458],{"class":59},[45,106049,203],{"class":202},[45,106051,73],{"class":59},[45,106053,208],{"class":202},[45,106055,18047],{"class":59},[45,106057,60],{"class":59},[45,106059,2056],{"class":202},[45,106061,73],{"class":59},[45,106063,2450],{"class":202},[45,106065,13691],{"class":59},[1864,106067,1722,106069,106071],{"id":106068},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[18,106070,3790],{}," to keep the original order",[14,106073,106074],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1864,106076,37184,106078,8689,106080,1742,106082],{"id":106077},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[18,106079,3790],{},[18,106081,24763],{},[18,106083,9105],{},[14,106085,106086],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[31,106088,60687],{"id":60686},[14,106090,11101],{},[36,106092,106094],{"className":38,"code":106093,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[18,106095,106096,106111,106121,106135],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106097,106098,106100,106102,106104,106106,106109],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106099,125],{"class":124},[45,106101,109],{"class":59},[45,106103,1811],{"class":315},[45,106105,109],{"class":59},[45,106107,106108],{"class":105},"my_value",[45,106110,1802],{"class":59},[45,106112,106113,106115,106117,106119],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,106114,125],{"class":124},[45,106116,109],{"class":59},[45,106118,106108],{"class":105},[45,106120,118],{"class":59},[45,106122,106123,106125,106127,106129,106131,106133],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,106124,125],{"class":124},[45,106126,109],{"class":59},[45,106128,316],{"class":315},[45,106130,109],{"class":59},[45,106132,15653],{"class":105},[45,106134,1802],{"class":59},[45,106136,106137,106139,106141,106143,106145,106147],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,106138,125],{"class":124},[45,106140,109],{"class":59},[45,106142,11150],{"class":124},[45,106144,109],{"class":59},[45,106146,15653],{"class":105},[45,106148,1802],{"class":59},[14,106150,106151],{},"What they help you see:",[157,106153,106154,106160,106165,106171],{},[160,106155,106156,106159],{},[18,106157,106158],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[160,106161,106162,90387],{},[18,106163,106164],{},"print(my_value)",[160,106166,106167,106170],{},[18,106168,106169],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[160,106172,106173,106176],{},[18,106174,106175],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[31,106178,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,106180,106182],{"id":106181},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106184,106185],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1864,106187,106189],{"id":106188},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106191,141,106192,106194,106195,106197],{},[18,106193,3790],{},". Do not use ",[18,106196,3785],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1864,106199,106201],{"id":106200},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106203,106204],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1864,106206,106208],{"id":106207},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106210,106211],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106213,345],{},[36,106215,106217],{"className":38,"code":106216,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[18,106218,106219],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106220,106221,106223,106225,106227,106229,106231,106233,106235],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106222,125],{"class":124},[45,106224,109],{"class":59},[45,106226,6274],{"class":315},[45,106228,109],{"class":59},[45,106230,64],{"class":63},[45,106232,68],{"class":67},[45,106234,64],{"class":63},[45,106236,1802],{"class":59},[14,106238,30010],{},[36,106240,106242],{"className":38,"code":106241,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[18,106243,106244],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106245,106246,106248,106250,106252,106254,106256,106258,106260,106262,106264,106266,106268,106270,106272,106274,106276,106278],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106247,9264],{"class":59},[45,106249,429],{"class":63},[45,106251,364],{"class":67},[45,106253,429],{"class":63},[45,106255,73],{"class":59},[45,106257,438],{"class":63},[45,106259,14],{"class":67},[45,106261,429],{"class":63},[45,106263,73],{"class":59},[45,106265,438],{"class":63},[45,106267,60433],{"class":67},[45,106269,429],{"class":63},[45,106271,73],{"class":59},[45,106273,438],{"class":63},[45,106275,60424],{"class":67},[45,106277,429],{"class":63},[45,106279,9295],{"class":59},[1864,106281,5148,106283,106286],{"id":106282},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[18,106284,106285],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106288,106289,28666,106291,106294],{},[18,106290,3790],{},[26,106292,106293],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106296,106297],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[36,106299,106301],{"className":38,"code":106300,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[18,106302,106303],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106304,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317,106319,106321,106323,106325,106327],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106306,125],{"class":124},[45,106308,109],{"class":59},[45,106310,6274],{"class":315},[45,106312,2979],{"class":59},[45,106314,203],{"class":202},[45,106316,73],{"class":59},[45,106318,208],{"class":202},[45,106320,73],{"class":59},[45,106322,213],{"class":202},[45,106324,73],{"class":59},[45,106326,2450],{"class":202},[45,106328,2992],{"class":59},[31,106330,1909],{"id":1908},[157,106332,106333,106337,106341,106345,106349],{},[160,106334,106335],{},[364,106336,96169],{"href":96168},[160,106338,106339],{},[364,106340,104333],{"href":96172},[160,106342,106343],{},[364,106344,100185],{"href":105184},[160,106346,106347],{},[364,106348,104891],{"href":64825},[160,106350,106351],{},[364,106352,106027],{"href":106026},[1936,106354,106355],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":106357},[106358,106359,106360,106361,106362,106368,106369,106370,106378,106388,106389,106397],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":104509,"depth":96,"text":104510},{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":104894,"depth":96,"text":104895},{"id":105081,"depth":96,"text":105082,"children":106363},[106364,106365,106366,106367],{"id":105085,"depth":121,"text":105086},{"id":105187,"depth":121,"text":105188},{"id":105271,"depth":121,"text":105272},{"id":105363,"depth":121,"text":105364},{"id":105431,"depth":96,"text":105432},{"id":105645,"depth":96,"text":105646},{"id":105754,"depth":96,"text":105755,"children":106371},[106372,106374,106376],{"id":105761,"depth":121,"text":106373},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105814,"depth":121,"text":106375},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105879,"depth":121,"text":106377},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":106379},[106380,106381,106383,106384,106386],{"id":99718,"depth":121,"text":100226},{"id":105994,"depth":121,"text":106382},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106030,"depth":121,"text":106031},{"id":106068,"depth":121,"text":106385},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106077,"depth":121,"text":106387},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60686,"depth":96,"text":60687},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":106390},[106391,106392,106393,106394,106395],{"id":106181,"depth":121,"text":106182},{"id":106188,"depth":121,"text":106189},{"id":106200,"depth":121,"text":106201},{"id":106207,"depth":121,"text":106208},{"id":106282,"depth":121,"text":106396},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104391,"description":106398},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106405,"title":106406,"body":106407,"description":107922,"extension":1958,"meta":107923,"navigation":241,"path":107924,"seo":107925,"stem":107926,"__hash__":107927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106408,"toc":107898},[106409,106415,106420,106423,106506,106511,106516,106521,106523,106536,106540,106542,106561,106564,106587,106590,106601,106603,106684,106686,106703,106705,106711,106714,106809,106811,106842,106844,106852,106854,106857,106968,106970,106995,106997,107019,107024,107029,107035,107144,107146,107162,107165,107168,107251,107253,107270,107278,107280,107284,107290,107381,107383,107416,107421,107428,107505,107507,107524,107530,107532,107536,107552,107555,107581,107583,107644,107646,107769,107771,107822,107828,107830,107835,107837,107843,107846,107850,107853,107857,107860,107870,107872,107895],[10,106410,3569,106412,11311],{"id":106411},"python-setintersection-method",[18,106413,106414],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106416,16,106417,106419],{},[18,106418,106414],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106421,106422],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[36,106424,106426],{"className":38,"code":106425,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[18,106427,106428,106448,106468,106472,106491,106501],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106429,106430,106432,106434,106436,106438,106440,106442,106444,106446],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106431,2548],{"class":51},[45,106433,56],{"class":55},[45,106435,10477],{"class":59},[45,106437,203],{"class":202},[45,106439,73],{"class":59},[45,106441,208],{"class":202},[45,106443,73],{"class":59},[45,106445,213],{"class":202},[45,106447,9295],{"class":59},[45,106449,106450,106452,106454,106456,106458,106460,106462,106464,106466],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,106451,2576],{"class":51},[45,106453,56],{"class":55},[45,106455,10477],{"class":59},[45,106457,234],{"class":202},[45,106459,73],{"class":59},[45,106461,213],{"class":202},[45,106463,73],{"class":59},[45,106465,2450],{"class":202},[45,106467,9295],{"class":59},[45,106469,106470],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,106471,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,106473,106474,106476,106478,106480,106482,106485,106487,106489],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,106475,220],{"class":51},[45,106477,56],{"class":55},[45,106479,56865],{"class":51},[45,106481,102],{"class":59},[45,106483,106484],{"class":105},"intersection",[45,106486,109],{"class":59},[45,106488,373],{"class":105},[45,106490,118],{"class":59},[45,106492,106493,106495,106497,106499],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,106494,125],{"class":124},[45,106496,109],{"class":59},[45,106498,263],{"class":105},[45,106500,118],{"class":59},[45,106502,106503],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,106504,106505],{"class":137},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106507,141,106508,106510],{},[18,106509,102632],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[31,106512,12983,106514,12986],{"id":106513},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[18,106515,102632],{},[14,106517,106518,106520],{},[18,106519,102632],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106522,13039],{},[157,106524,106525,106528,106530,106533],{},[160,106526,106527],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[160,106529,100402],{},[160,106531,106532],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[160,106534,106535],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106537,96165,106538,102],{},[364,106539,96169],{"href":96168},[31,106541,2153],{"id":2152},[36,106543,106545],{"className":38,"code":106544,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[18,106546,106547],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106548,106549,106551,106553,106555,106557,106559],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106550,100426],{"class":51},[45,106552,102],{"class":59},[45,106554,106484],{"class":105},[45,106556,109],{"class":59},[45,106558,100435],{"class":105},[45,106560,118],{"class":59},[14,106562,106563],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[36,106565,106567],{"className":38,"code":106566,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[18,106568,106569],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106570,106571,106573,106575,106577,106579,106581,106583,106585],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106572,100426],{"class":51},[45,106574,102],{"class":59},[45,106576,106484],{"class":105},[45,106578,109],{"class":59},[45,106580,100435],{"class":105},[45,106582,73],{"class":59},[45,106584,100462],{"class":105},[45,106586,118],{"class":59},[14,106588,106589],{},"Important notes:",[157,106591,106592,106595,106598],{},[160,106593,106594],{},"The result is always a new set",[160,106596,106597],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[160,106599,106600],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106602,345],{},[36,106604,106606],{"className":38,"code":106605,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,106607,106608,106632,106652,106656,106674],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106609,106610,106612,106614,106616,106618,106620,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106611,2548],{"class":51},[45,106613,56],{"class":55},[45,106615,10477],{"class":59},[45,106617,203],{"class":202},[45,106619,73],{"class":59},[45,106621,208],{"class":202},[45,106623,73],{"class":59},[45,106625,213],{"class":202},[45,106627,73],{"class":59},[45,106629,2450],{"class":202},[45,106631,9295],{"class":59},[45,106633,106634,106636,106638,106640,106642,106644,106646,106648,106650],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,106635,2576],{"class":51},[45,106637,56],{"class":55},[45,106639,10477],{"class":59},[45,106641,2056],{"class":202},[45,106643,73],{"class":59},[45,106645,2450],{"class":202},[45,106647,73],{"class":59},[45,106649,4596],{"class":202},[45,106651,9295],{"class":59},[45,106653,106654],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,106655,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,106657,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666,106668,106670,106672],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,106659,220],{"class":51},[45,106661,56],{"class":55},[45,106663,56865],{"class":51},[45,106665,102],{"class":59},[45,106667,106484],{"class":105},[45,106669,109],{"class":59},[45,106671,373],{"class":105},[45,106673,118],{"class":59},[45,106675,106676,106678,106680,106682],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,106677,125],{"class":124},[45,106679,109],{"class":59},[45,106681,263],{"class":105},[45,106683,118],{"class":59},[14,106685,268],{},[36,106687,106689],{"className":38,"code":106688,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{3, 4}\n",[18,106690,106691],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106692,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106694,9264],{"class":59},[45,106696,2056],{"class":202},[45,106698,73],{"class":59},[45,106700,2450],{"class":202},[45,106702,9295],{"class":59},[31,106704,17405],{"id":17404},[14,106706,106707,21959,106709,102],{},[18,106708,102632],{},[26,106710,6274],{},[14,106712,106713],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[36,106715,106717],{"className":38,"code":106716,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,106718,106719,106739,106759,106763,106781,106785,106795],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106720,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729,106731,106733,106735,106737],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106722,2548],{"class":51},[45,106724,56],{"class":55},[45,106726,10477],{"class":59},[45,106728,203],{"class":202},[45,106730,73],{"class":59},[45,106732,208],{"class":202},[45,106734,73],{"class":59},[45,106736,213],{"class":202},[45,106738,9295],{"class":59},[45,106740,106741,106743,106745,106747,106749,106751,106753,106755,106757],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,106742,2576],{"class":51},[45,106744,56],{"class":55},[45,106746,10477],{"class":59},[45,106748,234],{"class":202},[45,106750,73],{"class":59},[45,106752,213],{"class":202},[45,106754,73],{"class":59},[45,106756,2450],{"class":202},[45,106758,9295],{"class":59},[45,106760,106761],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,106762,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,106764,106765,106767,106769,106771,106773,106775,106777,106779],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,106766,220],{"class":51},[45,106768,56],{"class":55},[45,106770,56865],{"class":51},[45,106772,102],{"class":59},[45,106774,106484],{"class":105},[45,106776,109],{"class":59},[45,106778,373],{"class":105},[45,106780,118],{"class":59},[45,106782,106783],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,106784,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,106786,106787,106789,106791,106793],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,106788,125],{"class":124},[45,106790,109],{"class":59},[45,106792,263],{"class":105},[45,106794,118],{"class":59},[45,106796,106797,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,106798,125],{"class":124},[45,106800,109],{"class":59},[45,106802,1811],{"class":315},[45,106804,109],{"class":59},[45,106806,263],{"class":105},[45,106808,1802],{"class":59},[14,106810,268],{},[36,106812,106814],{"className":38,"code":106813,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,106815,106816,106828],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106817,106818,106820,106822,106824,106826],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106819,9264],{"class":59},[45,106821,234],{"class":202},[45,106823,73],{"class":59},[45,106825,213],{"class":202},[45,106827,9295],{"class":59},[45,106829,106830,106832,106834,106836,106838,106840],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,106831,3284],{"class":55},[45,106833,3287],{"class":2059},[45,106835,438],{"class":63},[45,106837,6274],{"class":67},[45,106839,429],{"class":63},[45,106841,3296],{"class":55},[14,106843,85650],{},[157,106845,106846,106849],{},[160,106847,106848],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[160,106850,106851],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[31,106853,11464],{"id":11463},[14,106855,106856],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[36,106858,106860],{"className":38,"code":106859,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[18,106861,106862,106895,106928,106932,106953,106957],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106863,106864,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106865,106866],{"class":51},"colors1 ",[45,106868,56],{"class":55},[45,106870,10477],{"class":59},[45,106872,64],{"class":63},[45,106874,470],{"class":67},[45,106876,64],{"class":63},[45,106878,73],{"class":59},[45,106880,76],{"class":63},[45,106882,479],{"class":67},[45,106884,64],{"class":63},[45,106886,73],{"class":59},[45,106888,76],{"class":63},[45,106890,488],{"class":67},[45,106892,64],{"class":63},[45,106894,9295],{"class":59},[45,106896,106897,106900,106902,106904,106906,106908,106910,106912,106914,106916,106918,106920,106922,106924,106926],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,106898,106899],{"class":51},"colors2 ",[45,106901,56],{"class":55},[45,106903,10477],{"class":59},[45,106905,64],{"class":63},[45,106907,488],{"class":67},[45,106909,64],{"class":63},[45,106911,73],{"class":59},[45,106913,76],{"class":63},[45,106915,22508],{"class":67},[45,106917,64],{"class":63},[45,106919,73],{"class":59},[45,106921,76],{"class":63},[45,106923,479],{"class":67},[45,106925,64],{"class":63},[45,106927,9295],{"class":59},[45,106929,106930],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,106931,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,106933,106934,106937,106939,106942,106944,106946,106948,106951],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,106935,106936],{"class":51},"common_colors ",[45,106938,56],{"class":55},[45,106940,106941],{"class":51}," colors1",[45,106943,102],{"class":59},[45,106945,106484],{"class":105},[45,106947,109],{"class":59},[45,106949,106950],{"class":105},"colors2",[45,106952,118],{"class":59},[45,106954,106955],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,106956,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,106958,106959,106961,106963,106966],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,106960,125],{"class":124},[45,106962,109],{"class":59},[45,106964,106965],{"class":105},"common_colors",[45,106967,118],{"class":59},[14,106969,268],{},[36,106971,106973],{"className":38,"code":106972,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,106974,106975],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106976,106977,106979,106981,106983,106985,106987,106989,106991,106993],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106978,9264],{"class":59},[45,106980,429],{"class":63},[45,106982,479],{"class":67},[45,106984,429],{"class":63},[45,106986,73],{"class":59},[45,106988,438],{"class":63},[45,106990,488],{"class":67},[45,106992,429],{"class":63},[45,106994,9295],{"class":59},[14,106996,551],{},[157,106998,106999,107005,107009,107014],{},[160,107000,107001,107004],{},[18,107002,107003],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[160,107006,107007,107004],{},[18,107008,106950],{},[160,107010,107011,107013],{},[18,107012,102632],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[160,107015,107016,107017],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[18,107018,106965],{},[31,107020,1736,107022,100999],{"id":107021},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[18,107023,102632],{},[14,107025,107026,107027,102],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[18,107028,102632],{},[14,107030,107031,107032,107034],{},"Only the values found in ",[26,107033,909],{}," inputs will be kept.",[36,107036,107038],{"className":38,"code":107037,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107039,107040,107064,107088,107108,107112,107134],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107041,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107043,2548],{"class":51},[45,107045,56],{"class":55},[45,107047,10477],{"class":59},[45,107049,203],{"class":202},[45,107051,73],{"class":59},[45,107053,208],{"class":202},[45,107055,73],{"class":59},[45,107057,213],{"class":202},[45,107059,73],{"class":59},[45,107061,2450],{"class":202},[45,107063,9295],{"class":59},[45,107065,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084,107086],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,107067,2576],{"class":51},[45,107069,56],{"class":55},[45,107071,10477],{"class":59},[45,107073,234],{"class":202},[45,107075,73],{"class":59},[45,107077,213],{"class":202},[45,107079,73],{"class":59},[45,107081,2450],{"class":202},[45,107083,73],{"class":59},[45,107085,4596],{"class":202},[45,107087,9295],{"class":59},[45,107089,107090,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102,107104,107106],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107091,83024],{"class":51},[45,107093,56],{"class":55},[45,107095,10477],{"class":59},[45,107097,2056],{"class":202},[45,107099,73],{"class":59},[45,107101,2450],{"class":202},[45,107103,73],{"class":59},[45,107105,37624],{"class":202},[45,107107,9295],{"class":59},[45,107109,107110],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,107111,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,107113,107114,107116,107118,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128,107130,107132],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,107115,220],{"class":51},[45,107117,56],{"class":55},[45,107119,56865],{"class":51},[45,107121,102],{"class":59},[45,107123,106484],{"class":105},[45,107125,109],{"class":59},[45,107127,373],{"class":105},[45,107129,73],{"class":59},[45,107131,9668],{"class":105},[45,107133,118],{"class":59},[45,107135,107136,107138,107140,107142],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,107137,125],{"class":124},[45,107139,109],{"class":59},[45,107141,263],{"class":105},[45,107143,118],{"class":59},[14,107145,268],{},[36,107147,107148],{"className":38,"code":106688,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,107149,107150],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107151,107152,107154,107156,107158,107160],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107153,9264],{"class":59},[45,107155,2056],{"class":202},[45,107157,73],{"class":59},[45,107159,2450],{"class":202},[45,107161,9295],{"class":59},[14,107163,107164],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107166,107167],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[36,107169,107171],{"className":38,"code":107170,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[18,107172,107173,107197,107201,107241],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107174,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107176,2548],{"class":51},[45,107178,56],{"class":55},[45,107180,10477],{"class":59},[45,107182,203],{"class":202},[45,107184,73],{"class":59},[45,107186,208],{"class":202},[45,107188,73],{"class":59},[45,107190,213],{"class":202},[45,107192,73],{"class":59},[45,107194,2450],{"class":202},[45,107196,9295],{"class":59},[45,107198,107199],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,107200,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,107202,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221,107223,107225,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107204,220],{"class":51},[45,107206,56],{"class":55},[45,107208,56865],{"class":51},[45,107210,102],{"class":59},[45,107212,106484],{"class":105},[45,107214,2979],{"class":59},[45,107216,234],{"class":202},[45,107218,73],{"class":59},[45,107220,2450],{"class":202},[45,107222,73],{"class":59},[45,107224,37624],{"class":202},[45,107226,18047],{"class":59},[45,107228,9222],{"class":59},[45,107230,203],{"class":202},[45,107232,73],{"class":59},[45,107234,208],{"class":202},[45,107236,73],{"class":59},[45,107238,2450],{"class":202},[45,107240,1802],{"class":59},[45,107242,107243,107245,107247,107249],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,107244,125],{"class":124},[45,107246,109],{"class":59},[45,107248,263],{"class":105},[45,107250,118],{"class":59},[14,107252,268],{},[36,107254,107256],{"className":38,"code":107255,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{2, 4}\n",[18,107257,107258],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107259,107260,107262,107264,107266,107268],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107261,9264],{"class":59},[45,107263,234],{"class":202},[45,107265,73],{"class":59},[45,107267,2450],{"class":202},[45,107269,9295],{"class":59},[31,107271,107273,10572,107275],{"id":107272},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[18,107274,102632],{},[18,107276,107277],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107279,101169],{},[1864,107281,107282],{"id":106484},[18,107283,102632],{},[157,107285,107286,107288],{},[160,107287,101178],{},[160,107289,101181],{},[36,107291,107293],{"className":38,"code":107292,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107294,107295,107315,107335,107339,107357,107361,107371],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107296,107297,107299,107301,107303,107305,107307,107309,107311,107313],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107298,2548],{"class":51},[45,107300,56],{"class":55},[45,107302,10477],{"class":59},[45,107304,203],{"class":202},[45,107306,73],{"class":59},[45,107308,208],{"class":202},[45,107310,73],{"class":59},[45,107312,213],{"class":202},[45,107314,9295],{"class":59},[45,107316,107317,107319,107321,107323,107325,107327,107329,107331,107333],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,107318,2576],{"class":51},[45,107320,56],{"class":55},[45,107322,10477],{"class":59},[45,107324,234],{"class":202},[45,107326,73],{"class":59},[45,107328,213],{"class":202},[45,107330,73],{"class":59},[45,107332,2450],{"class":202},[45,107334,9295],{"class":59},[45,107336,107337],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107338,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,107340,107341,107343,107345,107347,107349,107351,107353,107355],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,107342,220],{"class":51},[45,107344,56],{"class":55},[45,107346,56865],{"class":51},[45,107348,102],{"class":59},[45,107350,106484],{"class":105},[45,107352,109],{"class":59},[45,107354,373],{"class":105},[45,107356,118],{"class":59},[45,107358,107359],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,107360,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,107362,107363,107365,107367,107369],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,107364,125],{"class":124},[45,107366,109],{"class":59},[45,107368,364],{"class":105},[45,107370,118],{"class":59},[45,107372,107373,107375,107377,107379],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,107374,125],{"class":124},[45,107376,109],{"class":59},[45,107378,263],{"class":105},[45,107380,118],{"class":59},[14,107382,268],{},[36,107384,107386],{"className":38,"code":107385,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[18,107387,107388,107404],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107389,107390,107392,107394,107396,107398,107400,107402],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107391,9264],{"class":59},[45,107393,203],{"class":202},[45,107395,73],{"class":59},[45,107397,208],{"class":202},[45,107399,73],{"class":59},[45,107401,213],{"class":202},[45,107403,9295],{"class":59},[45,107405,107406,107408,107410,107412,107414],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,107407,9264],{"class":59},[45,107409,234],{"class":202},[45,107411,73],{"class":59},[45,107413,213],{"class":202},[45,107415,9295],{"class":59},[1864,107417,107419],{"id":107418},"intersection_update",[18,107420,107277],{},[157,107422,107423,107425],{},[160,107424,101321],{},[160,107426,107427],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[36,107429,107431],{"className":38,"code":107430,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,107432,107433,107453,107473,107477,107491,107495],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107434,107435,107437,107439,107441,107443,107445,107447,107449,107451],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107436,2548],{"class":51},[45,107438,56],{"class":55},[45,107440,10477],{"class":59},[45,107442,203],{"class":202},[45,107444,73],{"class":59},[45,107446,208],{"class":202},[45,107448,73],{"class":59},[45,107450,213],{"class":202},[45,107452,9295],{"class":59},[45,107454,107455,107457,107459,107461,107463,107465,107467,107469,107471],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,107456,2576],{"class":51},[45,107458,56],{"class":55},[45,107460,10477],{"class":59},[45,107462,234],{"class":202},[45,107464,73],{"class":59},[45,107466,213],{"class":202},[45,107468,73],{"class":59},[45,107470,2450],{"class":202},[45,107472,9295],{"class":59},[45,107474,107475],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107476,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,107478,107479,107481,107483,107485,107487,107489],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,107480,364],{"class":51},[45,107482,102],{"class":59},[45,107484,107418],{"class":105},[45,107486,109],{"class":59},[45,107488,373],{"class":105},[45,107490,118],{"class":59},[45,107492,107493],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,107494,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,107496,107497,107499,107501,107503],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,107498,125],{"class":124},[45,107500,109],{"class":59},[45,107502,364],{"class":105},[45,107504,118],{"class":59},[14,107506,268],{},[36,107508,107510],{"className":38,"code":107509,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{2, 3}\n",[18,107511,107512],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107513,107514,107516,107518,107520,107522],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107515,9264],{"class":59},[45,107517,234],{"class":202},[45,107519,73],{"class":59},[45,107521,213],{"class":202},[45,107523,9295],{"class":59},[14,107525,107526,107527,107529],{},"Choose ",[18,107528,102632],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[31,107531,4509],{"id":4508},[14,107533,14719,107534,1111],{},[18,107535,102632],{},[157,107537,107538,107541,107544,107547],{},[160,107539,107540],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[160,107542,107543],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[160,107545,107546],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[160,107548,107549,107550],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[18,107551,102632],{},[14,107553,107554],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[157,107556,107557,107562,107565,107578],{},[160,107558,1736,107559,107561],{},[18,107560,102632],{}," when order matters",[160,107563,107564],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[160,107566,37184,107567,8689,107569,1742,107574],{},[18,107568,102632],{},[364,107570,107572],{"href":107571},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[18,107573,102640],{},[364,107575,107576],{"href":102681},[18,107577,100255],{},[160,107579,107580],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107582,30116],{},[36,107584,107586],{"className":38,"code":107585,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107587,107588,107598,107612,107630],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107589,107590,107592,107594,107596],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107591,125],{"class":124},[45,107593,109],{"class":59},[45,107595,15653],{"class":105},[45,107597,118],{"class":59},[45,107599,107600,107602,107604,107606,107608,107610],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,107601,125],{"class":124},[45,107603,109],{"class":59},[45,107605,1811],{"class":315},[45,107607,109],{"class":59},[45,107609,263],{"class":105},[45,107611,1802],{"class":59},[45,107613,107614,107616,107618,107620,107622,107624,107626,107628],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107615,125],{"class":124},[45,107617,109],{"class":59},[45,107619,100426],{"class":105},[45,107621,102],{"class":59},[45,107623,106484],{"class":105},[45,107625,109],{"class":59},[45,107627,100435],{"class":105},[45,107629,1802],{"class":59},[45,107631,107632,107634,107636,107638,107640,107642],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,107633,125],{"class":124},[45,107635,109],{"class":59},[45,107637,11150],{"class":124},[45,107639,109],{"class":59},[45,107641,263],{"class":105},[45,107643,1802],{"class":59},[14,107645,345],{},[36,107647,107649],{"className":38,"code":107648,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107650,107651,107675,107695,107699,107717,107721,107731,107741,107755],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107652,107653,107655,107657,107659,107661,107663,107665,107667,107669,107671,107673],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107654,195],{"class":51},[45,107656,56],{"class":55},[45,107658,10477],{"class":59},[45,107660,203],{"class":202},[45,107662,73],{"class":59},[45,107664,208],{"class":202},[45,107666,73],{"class":59},[45,107668,208],{"class":202},[45,107670,73],{"class":59},[45,107672,213],{"class":202},[45,107674,9295],{"class":59},[45,107676,107677,107679,107681,107683,107685,107687,107689,107691,107693],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,107678,43531],{"class":51},[45,107680,56],{"class":55},[45,107682,10477],{"class":59},[45,107684,234],{"class":202},[45,107686,73],{"class":59},[45,107688,213],{"class":202},[45,107690,73],{"class":59},[45,107692,2450],{"class":202},[45,107694,9295],{"class":59},[45,107696,107697],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107698,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,107700,107701,107703,107705,107707,107709,107711,107713,107715],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,107702,220],{"class":51},[45,107704,56],{"class":55},[45,107706,225],{"class":51},[45,107708,102],{"class":59},[45,107710,106484],{"class":105},[45,107712,109],{"class":59},[45,107714,30724],{"class":105},[45,107716,118],{"class":59},[45,107718,107719],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,107720,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,107722,107723,107725,107727,107729],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,107724,125],{"class":124},[45,107726,109],{"class":59},[45,107728,251],{"class":105},[45,107730,118],{"class":59},[45,107732,107733,107735,107737,107739],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,107734,125],{"class":124},[45,107736,109],{"class":59},[45,107738,263],{"class":105},[45,107740,118],{"class":59},[45,107742,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,107744,125],{"class":124},[45,107746,109],{"class":59},[45,107748,1811],{"class":315},[45,107750,109],{"class":59},[45,107752,263],{"class":105},[45,107754,1802],{"class":59},[45,107756,107757,107759,107761,107763,107765,107767],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,107758,125],{"class":124},[45,107760,109],{"class":59},[45,107762,11150],{"class":124},[45,107764,109],{"class":59},[45,107766,263],{"class":105},[45,107768,1802],{"class":59},[14,107770,268],{},[36,107772,107774],{"className":38,"code":107773,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[18,107775,107776,107792,107804,107818],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107777,107778,107780,107782,107784,107786,107788,107790],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107779,9264],{"class":59},[45,107781,203],{"class":202},[45,107783,73],{"class":59},[45,107785,208],{"class":202},[45,107787,73],{"class":59},[45,107789,213],{"class":202},[45,107791,9295],{"class":59},[45,107793,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,107795,9264],{"class":59},[45,107797,234],{"class":202},[45,107799,73],{"class":59},[45,107801,213],{"class":202},[45,107803,9295],{"class":59},[45,107805,107806,107808,107810,107812,107814,107816],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107807,3284],{"class":55},[45,107809,3287],{"class":2059},[45,107811,438],{"class":63},[45,107813,6274],{"class":67},[45,107815,429],{"class":63},[45,107817,3296],{"class":55},[45,107819,107820],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,107821,17042],{"class":202},[14,107823,107824,107825,107827],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[18,107826,234],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[31,107829,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,107831,175,107833,102580],{"id":107832},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[18,107834,102632],{},[14,107836,102583],{},[1864,107838,5160,107840,107842],{"id":107839},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,107841,102632],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,107844,107845],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1864,107847,107849],{"id":107848},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,107851,107852],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1864,107854,107856],{"id":107855},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,107858,107859],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[36,107861,107862],{"className":38,"code":97299,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,107863,107864],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107865,107866,107868],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107867,6274],{"class":315},[45,107869,8627],{"class":59},[31,107871,1909],{"id":1908},[157,107873,107874,107878,107885,107891],{},[160,107875,107876],{},[364,107877,96169],{"href":96168},[160,107879,107880],{},[364,107881,3569,107882,10728],{"href":107571},[18,107883,107884],{},"set.union()",[160,107886,107887],{},[364,107888,3569,107889,10728],{"href":102681},[18,107890,100260],{},[160,107892,107893],{},[364,107894,100185],{"href":105184},[1936,107896,107897],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":107899},[107900,107902,107903,107904,107905,107907,107912,107913,107921],{"id":106513,"depth":96,"text":107901},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":107021,"depth":96,"text":107906},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107272,"depth":96,"text":107908,"children":107909},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107910,107911],{"id":106484,"depth":121,"text":102632},{"id":107418,"depth":121,"text":107277},{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":107914},[107915,107917,107919,107920],{"id":107832,"depth":121,"text":107916},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107839,"depth":121,"text":107918},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107848,"depth":121,"text":107849},{"id":107855,"depth":121,"text":107856},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106406,"description":107922},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107929,"title":107930,"body":107931,"description":109167,"extension":1958,"meta":109168,"navigation":241,"path":109169,"seo":109170,"stem":109171,"__hash__":109172},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107932,"toc":109134},[107933,107938,107944,107953,107955,108030,108035,108050,108060,108065,108069,108082,108086,108088,108103,108105,108121,108123,108198,108202,108205,108207,108224,108229,108284,108289,108301,108305,108308,108409,108411,108452,108455,108459,108466,108468,108493,108496,108514,108521,108527,108530,108612,108619,108622,108702,108711,108714,108719,108723,108737,108786,108791,108795,108806,108855,108866,108871,108875,108887,108936,108947,108949,108953,108976,108978,109035,109037,109051,109053,109059,109065,109071,109080,109084,109091,109095,109103,109105,109131],[10,107934,96041,107936,11311],{"id":107935},"python-set-pop-method",[18,107937,1304],{},[14,107939,107940,107943],{},[18,107941,107942],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,107945,107946,107947,107949,107950,107952],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[26,107948,178],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[18,107951,1304],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[31,107954,34],{"id":33},[36,107956,107958],{"className":38,"code":107957,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[18,107959,107960,107992,108006,108010,108020],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107961,107962,107964,107966,107968,107970,107972,107974,107976,107978,107980,107982,107984,107986,107988,107990],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107963,52],{"class":51},[45,107965,56],{"class":55},[45,107967,10477],{"class":59},[45,107969,64],{"class":63},[45,107971,68],{"class":67},[45,107973,64],{"class":63},[45,107975,73],{"class":59},[45,107977,76],{"class":63},[45,107979,79],{"class":67},[45,107981,64],{"class":63},[45,107983,73],{"class":59},[45,107985,76],{"class":63},[45,107987,4087],{"class":67},[45,107989,64],{"class":63},[45,107991,9295],{"class":59},[45,107993,107994,107996,107998,108000,108002,108004],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,107995,69905],{"class":51},[45,107997,56],{"class":55},[45,107999,1210],{"class":51},[45,108001,102],{"class":59},[45,108003,1485],{"class":105},[45,108005,8627],{"class":59},[45,108007,108008],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108009,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,108011,108012,108014,108016,108018],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,108013,125],{"class":124},[45,108015,109],{"class":59},[45,108017,69928],{"class":105},[45,108019,118],{"class":59},[45,108021,108022,108024,108026,108028],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,108023,125],{"class":124},[45,108025,109],{"class":59},[45,108027,99],{"class":105},[45,108029,118],{"class":59},[14,108031,108032],{},[26,108033,108034],{},"What this does:",[157,108036,108037,108042,108047],{},[160,108038,108039,108040],{},"Removes one item from ",[18,108041,99],{},[160,108043,108044,108045],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[18,108046,69928],{},[160,108048,108049],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,108051,108052,88801,108054,108056,108057,108059],{},[26,108053,83659],{},[18,108055,107942],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[26,108058,178],{}," chosen by index.",[31,108061,3671,108063,3674],{"id":108062},"what-setpop-does",[18,108064,107942],{},[14,108066,108067,1111],{},[18,108068,107942],{},[157,108070,108071,108073,108076,108079],{},[160,108072,102883],{},[160,108074,108075],{},"Returns the removed item",[160,108077,108078],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[160,108080,108081],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108083,96165,108084,102],{},[364,108085,96169],{"href":97340},[31,108087,2153],{"id":2152},[36,108089,108091],{"className":38,"code":108090,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set.pop()\n",[18,108092,108093],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108094,108095,108097,108099,108101],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108096,15653],{"class":51},[45,108098,102],{"class":59},[45,108100,1485],{"class":105},[45,108102,8627],{"class":59},[14,108104,13039],{},[157,108106,108107,108113,108118],{},[160,108108,108109,108110],{},"The syntax is ",[18,108111,108112],{},"my_set.pop()",[160,108114,108115,108116],{},"It takes ",[26,108117,28669],{},[160,108119,108120],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108122,345],{},[36,108124,108126],{"className":38,"code":108125,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,108127,108128,108160,108174,108178,108188],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108129,108130,108132,108134,108136,108138,108140,108142,108144,108146,108148,108150,108152,108154,108156,108158],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108131,461],{"class":51},[45,108133,56],{"class":55},[45,108135,10477],{"class":59},[45,108137,64],{"class":63},[45,108139,470],{"class":67},[45,108141,64],{"class":63},[45,108143,73],{"class":59},[45,108145,76],{"class":63},[45,108147,479],{"class":67},[45,108149,64],{"class":63},[45,108151,73],{"class":59},[45,108153,76],{"class":63},[45,108155,488],{"class":67},[45,108157,64],{"class":63},[45,108159,9295],{"class":59},[45,108161,108162,108164,108166,108168,108170,108172],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,108163,966],{"class":51},[45,108165,56],{"class":55},[45,108167,13108],{"class":51},[45,108169,102],{"class":59},[45,108171,1485],{"class":105},[45,108173,8627],{"class":59},[45,108175,108176],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108177,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,108179,108180,108182,108184,108186],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,108181,125],{"class":124},[45,108183,109],{"class":59},[45,108185,23293],{"class":105},[45,108187,118],{"class":59},[45,108189,108190,108192,108194,108196],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,108191,125],{"class":124},[45,108193,109],{"class":59},[45,108195,497],{"class":105},[45,108197,118],{"class":59},[31,108199,108201],{"id":108200},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108203,108204],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108206,2101],{},[157,108208,108209,108215,108218],{},[160,108210,108211,108212,108214],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[18,108213,1304],{}," removes",[160,108216,108217],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[160,108219,108220,108221,108223],{},"You should not use ",[18,108222,1304],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108225,10447,108226,108228],{},[26,108227,178],{}," valid:",[36,108230,108232],{"className":38,"code":108231,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[18,108233,108234,108266],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108235,108236,108238,108240,108242,108244,108246,108248,108250,108252,108254,108256,108258,108260,108262,108264],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108237,36219],{"class":51},[45,108239,56],{"class":55},[45,108241,10477],{"class":59},[45,108243,64],{"class":63},[45,108245,68],{"class":67},[45,108247,64],{"class":63},[45,108249,73],{"class":59},[45,108251,76],{"class":63},[45,108253,79],{"class":67},[45,108255,64],{"class":63},[45,108257,73],{"class":59},[45,108259,76],{"class":63},[45,108261,4087],{"class":67},[45,108263,64],{"class":63},[45,108265,9295],{"class":59},[45,108267,108268,108270,108272,108274,108276,108278,108280,108282],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,108269,36271],{"class":51},[45,108271,102],{"class":59},[45,108273,1485],{"class":105},[45,108275,109],{"class":59},[45,108277,64],{"class":63},[45,108279,68],{"class":67},[45,108281,64],{"class":63},[45,108283,118],{"class":59},[14,108285,39635,108286,108288],{},[18,108287,107942],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108290,108291,108292,1742,108296,102],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[364,108293,108294],{"href":98050},[18,108295,102709],{},[364,108297,108299],{"href":108298},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[18,108300,102700],{},[31,108302,108304],{"id":108303},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108306,108307],{},"Here is a simple example:",[36,108309,108311],{"className":38,"code":108310,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[18,108312,108313,108347,108351,108367,108371,108390],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108314,108315,108318,108320,108322,108324,108326,108328,108330,108332,108334,108336,108338,108340,108343,108345],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108316,108317],{"class":51},"animals ",[45,108319,56],{"class":55},[45,108321,10477],{"class":59},[45,108323,64],{"class":63},[45,108325,37027],{"class":67},[45,108327,64],{"class":63},[45,108329,73],{"class":59},[45,108331,76],{"class":63},[45,108333,58104],{"class":67},[45,108335,64],{"class":63},[45,108337,73],{"class":59},[45,108339,76],{"class":63},[45,108341,108342],{"class":67},"rabbit",[45,108344,64],{"class":63},[45,108346,9295],{"class":59},[45,108348,108349],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,108350,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,108352,108353,108356,108358,108361,108363,108365],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108354,108355],{"class":51},"removed_animal ",[45,108357,56],{"class":55},[45,108359,108360],{"class":51}," animals",[45,108362,102],{"class":59},[45,108364,1485],{"class":105},[45,108366,8627],{"class":59},[45,108368,108369],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,108370,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,108372,108373,108375,108377,108379,108381,108383,108385,108388],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,108374,125],{"class":124},[45,108376,109],{"class":59},[45,108378,64],{"class":63},[45,108380,28937],{"class":67},[45,108382,64],{"class":63},[45,108384,73],{"class":59},[45,108386,108387],{"class":105}," removed_animal",[45,108389,118],{"class":59},[45,108391,108392,108394,108396,108398,108401,108403,108405,108407],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,108393,125],{"class":124},[45,108395,109],{"class":59},[45,108397,64],{"class":63},[45,108399,108400],{"class":67},"Updated set:",[45,108402,64],{"class":63},[45,108404,73],{"class":59},[45,108406,108360],{"class":105},[45,108408,118],{"class":59},[14,108410,30010],{},[36,108412,108414],{"className":38,"code":108413,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[18,108415,108416,108425],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108417,108418,108420,108422],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108419,28979],{"class":51},[45,108421,1111],{"class":59},[45,108423,108424],{"class":51}," dog\n",[45,108426,108427,108430,108432,108434,108436,108438,108440,108442,108444,108446,108448,108450],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,108428,108429],{"class":51},"Updated ",[45,108431,6274],{"class":315},[45,108433,1111],{"class":59},[45,108435,10477],{"class":59},[45,108437,429],{"class":63},[45,108439,37027],{"class":67},[45,108441,429],{"class":63},[45,108443,73],{"class":59},[45,108445,438],{"class":63},[45,108447,108342],{"class":67},[45,108449,429],{"class":63},[45,108451,9295],{"class":59},[14,108453,108454],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[31,108456,108458],{"id":108457},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108460,29631,108461,108463,108464,102],{},[18,108462,1304],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[18,108465,19673],{},[14,108467,345],{},[36,108469,108471],{"className":38,"code":108470,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[18,108472,108473,108483],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108474,108475,108477,108479,108481],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108476,52],{"class":51},[45,108478,56],{"class":55},[45,108480,15620],{"class":315},[45,108482,8627],{"class":59},[45,108484,108485,108487,108489,108491],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,108486,99],{"class":51},[45,108488,102],{"class":59},[45,108490,1485],{"class":105},[45,108492,8627],{"class":59},[14,108494,108495],{},"This raises:",[36,108497,108499],{"className":38,"code":108498,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[18,108500,108501],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108502,108503,108505,108507,108509,108512],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108504,19673],{"class":315},[45,108506,1111],{"class":59},[45,108508,438],{"class":63},[45,108510,108511],{"class":67},"pop from an empty set",[45,108513,29681],{"class":63},[14,108515,108516,108517,108520],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[364,108518,108519],{"href":11062},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1864,108522,108524,108525],{"id":108523},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[18,108526,1304],{},[14,108528,108529],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[36,108531,108533],{"className":38,"code":108532,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[18,108534,108535,108545,108549,108557,108572,108591,108597],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108536,108537,108539,108541,108543],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108538,52],{"class":51},[45,108540,56],{"class":55},[45,108542,15620],{"class":315},[45,108544,8627],{"class":59},[45,108546,108547],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,108548,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,108550,108551,108553,108555],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108552,982],{"class":969},[45,108554,1210],{"class":51},[45,108556,1213],{"class":59},[45,108558,108559,108562,108564,108566,108568,108570],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,108560,108561],{"class":51},"    removed ",[45,108563,56],{"class":55},[45,108565,1210],{"class":51},[45,108567,102],{"class":59},[45,108569,1485],{"class":105},[45,108571,8627],{"class":59},[45,108573,108574,108576,108578,108580,108582,108584,108586,108589],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,108575,8055],{"class":124},[45,108577,109],{"class":59},[45,108579,64],{"class":63},[45,108581,28937],{"class":67},[45,108583,64],{"class":63},[45,108585,73],{"class":59},[45,108587,108588],{"class":105}," removed",[45,108590,118],{"class":59},[45,108592,108593,108595],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,108594,27415],{"class":969},[45,108596,1213],{"class":59},[45,108598,108599,108601,108603,108605,108608,108610],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,108600,8055],{"class":124},[45,108602,109],{"class":59},[45,108604,64],{"class":63},[45,108606,108607],{"class":67},"The set is empty.",[45,108609,64],{"class":63},[45,108611,118],{"class":59},[1864,108613,141,108615,1301,108617],{"id":108614},"use-try-and-except",[18,108616,29785],{},[18,108618,29816],{},[14,108620,108621],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[36,108623,108625],{"className":38,"code":108624,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[18,108626,108627,108637,108641,108647,108661,108679,108687],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108628,108629,108631,108633,108635],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108630,52],{"class":51},[45,108632,56],{"class":55},[45,108634,15620],{"class":315},[45,108636,8627],{"class":59},[45,108638,108639],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,108640,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,108642,108643,108645],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108644,29785],{"class":969},[45,108646,1213],{"class":59},[45,108648,108649,108651,108653,108655,108657,108659],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,108650,108561],{"class":51},[45,108652,56],{"class":55},[45,108654,1210],{"class":51},[45,108656,102],{"class":59},[45,108658,1485],{"class":105},[45,108660,8627],{"class":59},[45,108662,108663,108665,108667,108669,108671,108673,108675,108677],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,108664,8055],{"class":124},[45,108666,109],{"class":59},[45,108668,64],{"class":63},[45,108670,28937],{"class":67},[45,108672,64],{"class":63},[45,108674,73],{"class":59},[45,108676,108588],{"class":105},[45,108678,118],{"class":59},[45,108680,108681,108683,108685],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,108682,29816],{"class":969},[45,108684,29819],{"class":315},[45,108686,1213],{"class":59},[45,108688,108689,108691,108693,108695,108698,108700],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,108690,8055],{"class":124},[45,108692,109],{"class":59},[45,108694,64],{"class":63},[45,108696,108697],{"class":67},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[45,108699,64],{"class":63},[45,108701,118],{"class":59},[31,108703,4952,108705,10572,108707,10572,108709],{"id":108704},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[18,108706,1304],{},[18,108708,154],{},[18,108710,102695],{},[14,108712,108713],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1864,108715,141,108717],{"id":108716},"use-pop",[18,108718,1304],{},[14,108720,141,108721,10588],{},[18,108722,1304],{},[157,108724,108725,108731,108734],{},[160,108726,108727,108728],{},"You want to remove ",[26,108729,108730],{},"any one item",[160,108732,108733],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[160,108735,108736],{},"You want the removed item returned",[36,108738,108740],{"className":38,"code":108739,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[18,108741,108742,108762,108776],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108743,108744,108746,108748,108750,108752,108754,108756,108758,108760],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108745,195],{"class":51},[45,108747,56],{"class":55},[45,108749,10477],{"class":59},[45,108751,203],{"class":202},[45,108753,73],{"class":59},[45,108755,208],{"class":202},[45,108757,73],{"class":59},[45,108759,213],{"class":202},[45,108761,9295],{"class":59},[45,108763,108764,108766,108768,108770,108772,108774],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,108765,1185],{"class":51},[45,108767,56],{"class":55},[45,108769,225],{"class":51},[45,108771,102],{"class":59},[45,108773,1485],{"class":105},[45,108775,8627],{"class":59},[45,108777,108778,108780,108782,108784],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108779,125],{"class":124},[45,108781,109],{"class":59},[45,108783,28],{"class":105},[45,108785,118],{"class":59},[1864,108787,141,108789],{"id":108788},"use-remove",[18,108790,154],{},[14,108792,141,108793,10588],{},[18,108794,154],{},[157,108796,108797,108803],{},[160,108798,108799,108800],{},"You want to delete a ",[26,108801,108802],{},"specific item",[160,108804,108805],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[36,108807,108809],{"className":38,"code":108808,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,108810,108811,108831,108845],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108812,108813,108815,108817,108819,108821,108823,108825,108827,108829],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108814,195],{"class":51},[45,108816,56],{"class":55},[45,108818,10477],{"class":59},[45,108820,203],{"class":202},[45,108822,73],{"class":59},[45,108824,208],{"class":202},[45,108826,73],{"class":59},[45,108828,213],{"class":202},[45,108830,9295],{"class":59},[45,108832,108833,108835,108837,108839,108841,108843],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,108834,251],{"class":51},[45,108836,102],{"class":59},[45,108838,106],{"class":105},[45,108840,109],{"class":59},[45,108842,234],{"class":202},[45,108844,118],{"class":59},[45,108846,108847,108849,108851,108853],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108848,125],{"class":124},[45,108850,109],{"class":59},[45,108852,251],{"class":105},[45,108854,118],{"class":59},[14,108856,108857,108858,108860,108861,108865],{},"If the item is missing, ",[18,108859,154],{}," raises an error. See the ",[364,108862,108863,10728],{"href":98050},[18,108864,102709],{}," for details.",[1864,108867,141,108869],{"id":108868},"use-discard",[18,108870,102695],{},[14,108872,141,108873,10588],{},[18,108874,102695],{},[157,108876,108877,108881],{},[160,108878,108799,108879],{},[26,108880,108802],{},[160,108882,108883,108884,108886],{},"You do ",[26,108885,178],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[36,108888,108890],{"className":38,"code":108889,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,108891,108892,108912,108926],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108893,108894,108896,108898,108900,108902,108904,108906,108908,108910],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108895,195],{"class":51},[45,108897,56],{"class":55},[45,108899,10477],{"class":59},[45,108901,203],{"class":202},[45,108903,73],{"class":59},[45,108905,208],{"class":202},[45,108907,73],{"class":59},[45,108909,213],{"class":202},[45,108911,9295],{"class":59},[45,108913,108914,108916,108918,108920,108922,108924],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,108915,251],{"class":51},[45,108917,102],{"class":59},[45,108919,102762],{"class":105},[45,108921,109],{"class":59},[45,108923,2131],{"class":202},[45,108925,118],{"class":59},[45,108927,108928,108930,108932,108934],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108929,125],{"class":124},[45,108931,109],{"class":59},[45,108933,251],{"class":105},[45,108935,118],{"class":59},[14,108937,108938,108939,108941,108942,108946],{},"This does nothing if ",[18,108940,2131],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[364,108943,108944,10728],{"href":108298},[18,108945,102700],{}," for more examples.",[31,108948,1709],{"id":1708},[14,108950,71450,108951,1111],{},[18,108952,107942],{},[157,108954,108955,108961,108966,108971],{},[160,108956,108957,108958],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[18,108959,108960],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[160,108962,1722,108963,108965],{},[18,108964,1304],{}," to remove the first or last item",[160,108967,29631,108968,108970],{},[18,108969,1304],{}," on an empty set",[160,108972,1736,108973,108975],{},[18,108974,1304],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,108977,62272],{},[36,108979,108981],{"className":38,"code":108980,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[18,108982,108983,108993,109007,109021],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108984,108985,108987,108989,108991],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108986,125],{"class":124},[45,108988,109],{"class":59},[45,108990,15653],{"class":105},[45,108992,118],{"class":59},[45,108994,108995,108997,108999,109001,109003,109005],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,108996,125],{"class":124},[45,108998,109],{"class":59},[45,109000,11150],{"class":124},[45,109002,109],{"class":59},[45,109004,15653],{"class":105},[45,109006,1802],{"class":59},[45,109008,109009,109011,109013,109015,109017,109019],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,109010,125],{"class":124},[45,109012,109],{"class":59},[45,109014,1811],{"class":315},[45,109016,109],{"class":59},[45,109018,15653],{"class":105},[45,109020,1802],{"class":59},[45,109022,109023,109025,109027,109029,109031,109033],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,109024,966],{"class":51},[45,109026,56],{"class":55},[45,109028,96765],{"class":51},[45,109030,102],{"class":59},[45,109032,1485],{"class":105},[45,109034,8627],{"class":59},[14,109036,25991],{},[157,109038,109039,109042,109045,109048],{},[160,109040,109041],{},"What values are in the set",[160,109043,109044],{},"Whether the set is empty",[160,109046,109047],{},"That the object is really a set",[160,109049,109050],{},"What value was actually removed",[31,109052,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,109054,175,109056,109058],{"id":109055},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[18,109057,107942],{}," remove the first item?",[14,109060,109061,109062,109064],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[18,109063,1304],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1864,109066,109068,109069,2485],{"id":109067},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[18,109070,107942],{},[14,109072,109073,109074,109076,109077,109079],{},"No. Unlike list ",[18,109075,1304],{},", set ",[18,109078,1304],{}," does not accept an index.",[1864,109081,109083],{"id":109082},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109085,71618,109086,1739,109088,109090],{},[18,109087,19673],{},[18,109089,1304],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1864,109092,109094],{"id":109093},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109096,141,109097,1742,109099,11080,109101,102],{},[18,109098,154],{},[18,109100,102695],{},[18,109102,1304],{},[31,109104,1909],{"id":1908},[157,109106,109107,109111,109117,109123,109127],{},[160,109108,109109],{},[364,109110,96169],{"href":97340},[160,109112,109113],{},[364,109114,96655,109115,10728],{"href":98050},[18,109116,154],{},[160,109118,109119],{},[364,109120,96655,109121,10728],{"href":108298},[18,109122,102695],{},[160,109124,109125],{},[364,109126,11251],{"href":11062},[160,109128,109129],{},[364,109130,1916],{"href":1704},[1936,109132,109133],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":109135},[109136,109137,109139,109140,109141,109142,109148,109157,109158,109166],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":108062,"depth":96,"text":109138},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":108200,"depth":96,"text":108201},{"id":108303,"depth":96,"text":108304},{"id":108457,"depth":96,"text":108458,"children":109143},[109144,109146],{"id":108523,"depth":121,"text":109145},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108614,"depth":121,"text":109147},"Use try and except",{"id":108704,"depth":96,"text":109149,"children":109150},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109151,109153,109155],{"id":108716,"depth":121,"text":109152},"Use pop()",{"id":108788,"depth":121,"text":109154},"Use remove()",{"id":108868,"depth":121,"text":109156},"Use discard()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":109159},[109160,109162,109164,109165],{"id":109055,"depth":121,"text":109161},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109067,"depth":121,"text":109163},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109082,"depth":121,"text":109083},{"id":109093,"depth":121,"text":109094},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107930,"description":109167},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109174,"title":109175,"body":109176,"description":110330,"extension":1958,"meta":110331,"navigation":241,"path":110332,"seo":110333,"stem":110334,"__hash__":110335},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109177,"toc":110298},[109178,109183,109188,109197,109199,109264,109268,109292,109299,109304,109308,109323,109326,109328,109347,109361,109364,109412,109416,109432,109434,109507,109511,109536,109542,109550,109554,109561,109616,109621,109638,109644,109650,109655,109663,109670,109674,109682,109737,109739,109756,109760,109767,109832,109836,109869,109871,109883,109890,109892,109897,109904,109906,109975,109979,109987,109989,110053,110057,110062,110109,110114,110182,110190,110197,110200,110206,110211,110215,110217,110220,110222,110227,110232,110238,110243,110250,110258,110264,110267,110269,110295],[10,109179,96041,109181,11311],{"id":109180},"python-set-remove-method",[18,109182,154],{},[14,109184,109185,109187],{},[18,109186,102709],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109189,109190,109191,109194,109195,102],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[26,109192,109193],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[18,109196,19673],{},[31,109198,34],{"id":33},[36,109200,109202],{"className":38,"code":109201,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,109203,109204,109236,109254],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109205,109206,109208,109210,109212,109214,109216,109218,109220,109222,109224,109226,109228,109230,109232,109234],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109207,461],{"class":51},[45,109209,56],{"class":55},[45,109211,10477],{"class":59},[45,109213,64],{"class":63},[45,109215,470],{"class":67},[45,109217,64],{"class":63},[45,109219,73],{"class":59},[45,109221,76],{"class":63},[45,109223,479],{"class":67},[45,109225,64],{"class":63},[45,109227,73],{"class":59},[45,109229,76],{"class":63},[45,109231,488],{"class":67},[45,109233,64],{"class":63},[45,109235,9295],{"class":59},[45,109237,109238,109240,109242,109244,109246,109248,109250,109252],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,109239,497],{"class":51},[45,109241,102],{"class":59},[45,109243,106],{"class":105},[45,109245,109],{"class":59},[45,109247,64],{"class":63},[45,109249,479],{"class":67},[45,109251,64],{"class":63},[45,109253,118],{"class":59},[45,109255,109256,109258,109260,109262],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,109257,125],{"class":124},[45,109259,109],{"class":59},[45,109261,497],{"class":105},[45,109263,118],{"class":59},[14,109265,109266],{},[26,109267,30010],{},[36,109269,109270],{"className":38,"code":103389,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,109271,109272],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109273,109274,109276,109278,109280,109282,109284,109286,109288,109290],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109275,9264],{"class":59},[45,109277,429],{"class":63},[45,109279,470],{"class":67},[45,109281,429],{"class":63},[45,109283,73],{"class":59},[45,109285,438],{"class":63},[45,109287,488],{"class":67},[45,109289,429],{"class":63},[45,109291,9295],{"class":59},[14,109293,141,109294,109296,109297,102],{},[18,109295,154],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[18,109298,19673],{},[31,109300,3671,109302,3674],{"id":109301},"what-setremove-does",[18,109303,102709],{},[14,109305,109306,1111],{},[18,109307,102709],{},[157,109309,109310,109313,109315,109317],{},[160,109311,109312],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[160,109314,96156],{},[160,109316,96159],{},[160,109318,109319,109320,109322],{},"Raises ",[18,109321,19673],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109324,109325],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[31,109327,2153],{"id":2152},[36,109329,109331],{"className":38,"code":109330,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[18,109332,109333],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109334,109335,109337,109339,109341,109343,109345],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109336,15653],{"class":51},[45,109338,102],{"class":59},[45,109340,106],{"class":105},[45,109342,109],{"class":59},[45,109344,28],{"class":105},[45,109346,118],{"class":59},[157,109348,109349,109353,109358],{},[160,109350,109351,102931],{},[18,109352,15653],{},[160,109354,109355,109357],{},[18,109356,28],{}," is the item to remove",[160,109359,109360],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109362,109363],{},"Here is a small example:",[36,109365,109366],{"className":38,"code":108808,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,109367,109368,109388,109402],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109369,109370,109372,109374,109376,109378,109380,109382,109384,109386],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109371,195],{"class":51},[45,109373,56],{"class":55},[45,109375,10477],{"class":59},[45,109377,203],{"class":202},[45,109379,73],{"class":59},[45,109381,208],{"class":202},[45,109383,73],{"class":59},[45,109385,213],{"class":202},[45,109387,9295],{"class":59},[45,109389,109390,109392,109394,109396,109398,109400],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,109391,251],{"class":51},[45,109393,102],{"class":59},[45,109395,106],{"class":105},[45,109397,109],{"class":59},[45,109399,234],{"class":202},[45,109401,118],{"class":59},[45,109403,109404,109406,109408,109410],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,109405,125],{"class":124},[45,109407,109],{"class":59},[45,109409,251],{"class":105},[45,109411,118],{"class":59},[14,109413,109414],{},[26,109415,30010],{},[36,109417,109418],{"className":38,"code":101139,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,109419,109420],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109421,109422,109424,109426,109428,109430],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109423,9264],{"class":59},[45,109425,203],{"class":202},[45,109427,73],{"class":59},[45,109429,213],{"class":202},[45,109431,9295],{"class":59},[31,109433,11464],{"id":11463},[36,109435,109437],{"className":38,"code":109436,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,109438,109439,109471,109475,109493,109497],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109440,109441,109443,109445,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109442,36219],{"class":51},[45,109444,56],{"class":55},[45,109446,10477],{"class":59},[45,109448,64],{"class":63},[45,109450,68],{"class":67},[45,109452,64],{"class":63},[45,109454,73],{"class":59},[45,109456,76],{"class":63},[45,109458,79],{"class":67},[45,109460,64],{"class":63},[45,109462,73],{"class":59},[45,109464,76],{"class":63},[45,109466,88],{"class":67},[45,109468,64],{"class":63},[45,109470,9295],{"class":59},[45,109472,109473],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,109474,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,109476,109477,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487,109489,109491],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,109478,36271],{"class":51},[45,109480,102],{"class":59},[45,109482,106],{"class":105},[45,109484,109],{"class":59},[45,109486,64],{"class":63},[45,109488,79],{"class":67},[45,109490,64],{"class":63},[45,109492,118],{"class":59},[45,109494,109495],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,109496,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,109498,109499,109501,109503,109505],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,109500,125],{"class":124},[45,109502,109],{"class":59},[45,109504,36271],{"class":105},[45,109506,118],{"class":59},[14,109508,109509],{},[26,109510,30010],{},[36,109512,109514],{"className":38,"code":109513,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,109515,109516],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109517,109518,109520,109522,109524,109526,109528,109530,109532,109534],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109519,9264],{"class":59},[45,109521,429],{"class":63},[45,109523,68],{"class":67},[45,109525,429],{"class":63},[45,109527,73],{"class":59},[45,109529,438],{"class":63},[45,109531,88],{"class":67},[45,109533,429],{"class":63},[45,109535,9295],{"class":59},[14,109537,109538,109539,109541],{},"This removes ",[18,109540,1697],{}," from the set.",[14,109543,109544,109545,109547,109548,102],{},"A set does ",[26,109546,178],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[364,109549,96173],{"href":97724},[31,109551,109553],{"id":109552},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109555,109556,109557,52477,109559,102],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[18,109558,154],{},[18,109560,19673],{},[36,109562,109564],{"className":38,"code":109563,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[18,109565,109566,109598],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109567,109568,109570,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580,109582,109584,109586,109588,109590,109592,109594,109596],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109569,461],{"class":51},[45,109571,56],{"class":55},[45,109573,10477],{"class":59},[45,109575,64],{"class":63},[45,109577,470],{"class":67},[45,109579,64],{"class":63},[45,109581,73],{"class":59},[45,109583,76],{"class":63},[45,109585,479],{"class":67},[45,109587,64],{"class":63},[45,109589,73],{"class":59},[45,109591,76],{"class":63},[45,109593,488],{"class":67},[45,109595,64],{"class":63},[45,109597,9295],{"class":59},[45,109599,109600,109602,109604,109606,109608,109610,109612,109614],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,109601,497],{"class":51},[45,109603,102],{"class":59},[45,109605,106],{"class":105},[45,109607,109],{"class":59},[45,109609,64],{"class":63},[45,109611,22508],{"class":67},[45,109613,64],{"class":63},[45,109615,118],{"class":59},[14,109617,109618],{},[26,109619,109620],{},"Result:",[36,109622,109624],{"className":38,"code":109623,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[18,109625,109626],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109627,109628,109630,109632,109634,109636],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109629,19673],{"class":315},[45,109631,1111],{"class":59},[45,109633,438],{"class":63},[45,109635,22508],{"class":67},[45,109637,29681],{"class":63},[14,109639,22173,109640,109643],{},[18,109641,109642],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109645,109646,109647,109649],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[18,109648,154],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109651,109652,109653,102],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[364,109654,11251],{"href":11062},[31,109656,4189,109658,109660,109661],{"id":109657},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[18,109659,154],{}," is different from ",[18,109662,102695],{},[14,109664,109665,1301,109667,109669],{},[18,109666,154],{},[18,109668,102695],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1864,109671,109672],{"id":106},[18,109673,154],{},[157,109675,109676,109679],{},[160,109677,109678],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[160,109680,109681],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[36,109683,109685],{"className":38,"code":109684,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[18,109686,109687,109719],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109688,109689,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705,109707,109709,109711,109713,109715,109717],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109690,355],{"class":51},[45,109692,56],{"class":55},[45,109694,10477],{"class":59},[45,109696,64],{"class":63},[45,109698,364],{"class":67},[45,109700,64],{"class":63},[45,109702,73],{"class":59},[45,109704,76],{"class":63},[45,109706,373],{"class":67},[45,109708,64],{"class":63},[45,109710,73],{"class":59},[45,109712,76],{"class":63},[45,109714,382],{"class":67},[45,109716,64],{"class":63},[45,109718,9295],{"class":59},[45,109720,109721,109723,109725,109727,109729,109731,109733,109735],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,109722,391],{"class":51},[45,109724,102],{"class":59},[45,109726,106],{"class":105},[45,109728,109],{"class":59},[45,109730,64],{"class":63},[45,109732,18753],{"class":67},[45,109734,64],{"class":63},[45,109736,118],{"class":59},[14,109738,108495],{},[36,109740,109742],{"className":38,"code":109741,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[18,109743,109744],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109745,109746,109748,109750,109752,109754],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109747,19673],{"class":315},[45,109749,1111],{"class":59},[45,109751,438],{"class":63},[45,109753,18753],{"class":67},[45,109755,29681],{"class":63},[1864,109757,109758],{"id":102762},[18,109759,102695],{},[157,109761,109762,109764],{},[160,109763,109678],{},[160,109765,109766],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[36,109768,109770],{"className":38,"code":109769,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,109771,109772,109804,109822],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109773,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109775,355],{"class":51},[45,109777,56],{"class":55},[45,109779,10477],{"class":59},[45,109781,64],{"class":63},[45,109783,364],{"class":67},[45,109785,64],{"class":63},[45,109787,73],{"class":59},[45,109789,76],{"class":63},[45,109791,373],{"class":67},[45,109793,64],{"class":63},[45,109795,73],{"class":59},[45,109797,76],{"class":63},[45,109799,382],{"class":67},[45,109801,64],{"class":63},[45,109803,9295],{"class":59},[45,109805,109806,109808,109810,109812,109814,109816,109818,109820],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,109807,391],{"class":51},[45,109809,102],{"class":59},[45,109811,102762],{"class":105},[45,109813,109],{"class":59},[45,109815,64],{"class":63},[45,109817,18753],{"class":67},[45,109819,64],{"class":63},[45,109821,118],{"class":59},[45,109823,109824,109826,109828,109830],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,109825,125],{"class":124},[45,109827,109],{"class":59},[45,109829,391],{"class":105},[45,109831,118],{"class":59},[14,109833,109834],{},[26,109835,268],{},[36,109837,109839],{"className":38,"code":109838,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[18,109840,109841],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109842,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109844,9264],{"class":59},[45,109846,429],{"class":63},[45,109848,364],{"class":67},[45,109850,429],{"class":63},[45,109852,73],{"class":59},[45,109854,438],{"class":63},[45,109856,373],{"class":67},[45,109858,429],{"class":63},[45,109860,73],{"class":59},[45,109862,438],{"class":63},[45,109864,382],{"class":67},[45,109866,429],{"class":63},[45,109868,9295],{"class":59},[14,109870,18680],{},[157,109872,109873,109878],{},[160,109874,109875,109877],{},[18,109876,154],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[160,109879,109880,109882],{},[18,109881,102695],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,109884,109885,109886,102],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[364,109887,96655,109888,10728],{"href":108298},[18,109889,102695],{},[31,109891,4509],{"id":4508},[1864,109893,1722,109895,97035],{"id":109894},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[18,109896,154],{},[14,109898,109899,109901,109902,102],{},[18,109900,154],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[18,109903,301],{},[14,109905,16629],{},[36,109907,109909],{"className":38,"code":109908,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,109910,109911,109943,109965],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109912,109913,109915,109917,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109914,461],{"class":51},[45,109916,56],{"class":55},[45,109918,10477],{"class":59},[45,109920,64],{"class":63},[45,109922,470],{"class":67},[45,109924,64],{"class":63},[45,109926,73],{"class":59},[45,109928,76],{"class":63},[45,109930,479],{"class":67},[45,109932,64],{"class":63},[45,109934,73],{"class":59},[45,109936,76],{"class":63},[45,109938,488],{"class":67},[45,109940,64],{"class":63},[45,109942,9295],{"class":59},[45,109944,109945,109947,109949,109951,109953,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,109946,13103],{"class":51},[45,109948,56],{"class":55},[45,109950,13108],{"class":51},[45,109952,102],{"class":59},[45,109954,106],{"class":105},[45,109956,109],{"class":59},[45,109958,64],{"class":63},[45,109960,479],{"class":67},[45,109962,64],{"class":63},[45,109964,118],{"class":59},[45,109966,109967,109969,109971,109973],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,109968,125],{"class":124},[45,109970,109],{"class":59},[45,109972,13127],{"class":105},[45,109974,118],{"class":59},[14,109976,109977],{},[26,109978,268],{},[36,109980,109981],{"className":38,"code":292,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,109982,109983],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109984,109985],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109986,292],{"class":291},[14,109988,16641],{},[36,109990,109991],{"className":38,"code":109201,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,109992,109993,110025,110043],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109994,109995,109997,109999,110001,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011,110013,110015,110017,110019,110021,110023],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109996,461],{"class":51},[45,109998,56],{"class":55},[45,110000,10477],{"class":59},[45,110002,64],{"class":63},[45,110004,470],{"class":67},[45,110006,64],{"class":63},[45,110008,73],{"class":59},[45,110010,76],{"class":63},[45,110012,479],{"class":67},[45,110014,64],{"class":63},[45,110016,73],{"class":59},[45,110018,76],{"class":63},[45,110020,488],{"class":67},[45,110022,64],{"class":63},[45,110024,9295],{"class":59},[45,110026,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035,110037,110039,110041],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,110028,497],{"class":51},[45,110030,102],{"class":59},[45,110032,106],{"class":105},[45,110034,109],{"class":59},[45,110036,64],{"class":63},[45,110038,479],{"class":67},[45,110040,64],{"class":63},[45,110042,118],{"class":59},[45,110044,110045,110047,110049,110051],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,110046,125],{"class":124},[45,110048,109],{"class":59},[45,110050,497],{"class":105},[45,110052,118],{"class":59},[1864,110054,110056],{"id":110055},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,110058,110059,110060,102],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[18,110061,19673],{},[36,110063,110065],{"className":38,"code":110064,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110066,110067,110091],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110068,110069,110071,110073,110075,110077,110079,110081,110083,110085,110087,110089],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110070,461],{"class":51},[45,110072,56],{"class":55},[45,110074,10477],{"class":59},[45,110076,64],{"class":63},[45,110078,470],{"class":67},[45,110080,64],{"class":63},[45,110082,73],{"class":59},[45,110084,76],{"class":63},[45,110086,479],{"class":67},[45,110088,64],{"class":63},[45,110090,9295],{"class":59},[45,110092,110093,110095,110097,110099,110101,110103,110105,110107],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,110094,497],{"class":51},[45,110096,102],{"class":59},[45,110098,106],{"class":105},[45,110100,109],{"class":59},[45,110102,64],{"class":63},[45,110104,488],{"class":67},[45,110106,64],{"class":63},[45,110108,118],{"class":59},[14,110110,110111,110112,1111],{},"To check first, you can use ",[18,110113,976],{},[36,110115,110117],{"className":38,"code":110116,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110118,110119,110143,110147,110163],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110120,110121,110123,110125,110127,110129,110131,110133,110135,110137,110139,110141],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110122,461],{"class":51},[45,110124,56],{"class":55},[45,110126,10477],{"class":59},[45,110128,64],{"class":63},[45,110130,470],{"class":67},[45,110132,64],{"class":63},[45,110134,73],{"class":59},[45,110136,76],{"class":63},[45,110138,479],{"class":67},[45,110140,64],{"class":63},[45,110142,9295],{"class":59},[45,110144,110145],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,110146,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,110148,110149,110151,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,110150,982],{"class":969},[45,110152,76],{"class":63},[45,110154,488],{"class":67},[45,110156,64],{"class":63},[45,110158,1134],{"class":55},[45,110160,13108],{"class":51},[45,110162,1213],{"class":59},[45,110164,110165,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,110166,110167],{"class":51},"    colors",[45,110169,102],{"class":59},[45,110171,106],{"class":105},[45,110173,109],{"class":59},[45,110175,64],{"class":63},[45,110177,488],{"class":67},[45,110179,64],{"class":63},[45,110181,118],{"class":59},[14,110183,110184,110185,110189],{},"Or use ",[364,110186,110187],{"href":108298},[18,110188,102695],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1864,110191,37184,110193,8689,110195],{"id":110192},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[18,110194,102709],{},[18,110196,20],{},[14,110198,110199],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110201,110202,110203,110205],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[18,110204,102709],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110207,110208,110209,102],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[364,110210,98919],{"href":98918},[1864,110212,110214],{"id":110213},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110216,108204],{},[14,110218,110219],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[31,110221,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,110223,175,110225,97134],{"id":110224},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[18,110226,102709],{},[14,110228,110229,110230,102],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[18,110231,301],{},[1864,110233,30268,110235,110237],{"id":110234},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[18,110236,102709],{}," raise?",[14,110239,30274,110240,110242],{},[18,110241,19673],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1864,110244,21405,110246,1742,110248,2485],{"id":110245},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[18,110247,154],{},[18,110249,102695],{},[14,110251,141,110252,110254,110255,110257],{},[18,110253,154],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[18,110256,102695],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1864,110259,5160,110261,110263],{"id":110260},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[18,110262,102709],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110265,110266],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[31,110268,1909],{"id":1908},[157,110270,110271,110277,110283,110287,110291],{},[160,110272,110273],{},[364,110274,96655,110275,10728],{"href":108298},[18,110276,102695],{},[160,110278,110279],{},[364,110280,96655,110281,10728],{"href":98055},[18,110282,1304],{},[160,110284,110285],{},[364,110286,97179],{"href":97724},[160,110288,110289],{},[364,110290,100185],{"href":98918},[160,110292,110293],{},[364,110294,11251],{"href":11062},[1936,110296,110297],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":110299},[110300,110301,110303,110304,110305,110306,110311,110319,110329],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":109301,"depth":96,"text":110302},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":109552,"depth":96,"text":109553},{"id":109657,"depth":96,"text":110307,"children":110308},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110309,110310],{"id":106,"depth":121,"text":154},{"id":102762,"depth":121,"text":102695},{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":110312},[110313,110315,110316,110318],{"id":109894,"depth":121,"text":110314},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110055,"depth":121,"text":110056},{"id":110192,"depth":121,"text":110317},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110213,"depth":121,"text":110214},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":110320},[110321,110323,110325,110327],{"id":110224,"depth":121,"text":110322},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110234,"depth":121,"text":110324},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110245,"depth":121,"text":110326},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110260,"depth":121,"text":110328},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109175,"description":110330},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110337,"title":110338,"body":110339,"description":111712,"extension":1958,"meta":111713,"navigation":241,"path":111714,"seo":111715,"stem":111716,"__hash__":111717},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110340,"toc":111687},[110341,110347,110353,110356,110359,110373,110375,110456,110459,110464,110468,110482,110489,110491,110510,110513,110531,110533,110613,110615,110640,110644,110647,110655,110660,110665,110667,110680,110685,110688,110712,110715,110723,110725,110728,110825,110827,110860,110862,110888,110895,110898,110902,110910,110914,110922,110924,111014,111016,111030,111037,111042,111047,111049,111140,111142,111154,111156,111170,111176,111184,111186,111268,111270,111315,111318,111326,111329,111331,111335,111378,111380,111400,111405,111407,111492,111494,111499,111501,111508,111516,111522,111525,111527,111613,111615,111639,111643,111646,111648,111675,111685],[10,110342,96041,110344,11311],{"id":110343},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[18,110345,110346],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110348,110349,110352],{},[18,110350,110351],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110354,110355],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110357,110358],{},"Use it when:",[157,110360,110361,110364,110370],{},[160,110362,110363],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[160,110365,110366,110367,110369],{},"you do ",[26,110368,178],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[160,110371,110372],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[31,110374,3603],{"id":3602},[36,110376,110378],{"className":38,"code":110377,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110379,110380,110400,110420,110424,110443],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110381,110382,110384,110386,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396,110398],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110383,2548],{"class":51},[45,110385,56],{"class":55},[45,110387,10477],{"class":59},[45,110389,203],{"class":202},[45,110391,73],{"class":59},[45,110393,208],{"class":202},[45,110395,73],{"class":59},[45,110397,213],{"class":202},[45,110399,9295],{"class":59},[45,110401,110402,110404,110406,110408,110410,110412,110414,110416,110418],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,110403,2576],{"class":51},[45,110405,56],{"class":55},[45,110407,10477],{"class":59},[45,110409,2056],{"class":202},[45,110411,73],{"class":59},[45,110413,2450],{"class":202},[45,110415,73],{"class":59},[45,110417,4596],{"class":202},[45,110419,9295],{"class":59},[45,110421,110422],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,110423,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,110425,110426,110428,110430,110432,110434,110437,110439,110441],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,110427,220],{"class":51},[45,110429,56],{"class":55},[45,110431,56865],{"class":51},[45,110433,102],{"class":59},[45,110435,110436],{"class":105},"symmetric_difference",[45,110438,109],{"class":59},[45,110440,373],{"class":105},[45,110442,118],{"class":59},[45,110444,110445,110447,110449,110451,110453],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,110446,125],{"class":124},[45,110448,109],{"class":59},[45,110450,263],{"class":105},[45,110452,3654],{"class":59},[45,110454,110455],{"class":137},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110457,110458],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[31,110460,3671,110462,3674],{"id":110461},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[18,110463,110346],{},[14,110465,110466,1111],{},[18,110467,110351],{},[157,110469,110470,110473,110476,110479],{},[160,110471,110472],{},"returns a new set",[160,110474,110475],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[160,110477,110478],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[160,110480,110481],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110483,96165,110484,1742,110486,102],{},[364,110485,96169],{"href":96168},[364,110487,110488],{"href":96172},"creating a set in Python",[31,110490,2153],{"id":2152},[36,110492,110494],{"className":38,"code":110493,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[18,110495,110496],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110497,110498,110500,110502,110504,110506,110508],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110499,100426],{"class":51},[45,110501,102],{"class":59},[45,110503,110436],{"class":105},[45,110505,109],{"class":59},[45,110507,100435],{"class":105},[45,110509,118],{"class":59},[14,110511,110512],{},"Notes:",[157,110514,110515,110520,110525,110528],{},[160,110516,110517,110519],{},[18,110518,100426],{}," must be a set",[160,110521,110522,110524],{},[18,110523,100435],{}," can be any iterable",[160,110526,110527],{},"the result is always a set",[160,110529,110530],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110532,345],{},[36,110534,110536],{"className":38,"code":110535,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[18,110537,110538,110559,110580,110584,110603],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110539,110540,110543,110545,110547,110549,110551,110553,110555,110557],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110541,110542],{"class":51},"set1 ",[45,110544,56],{"class":55},[45,110546,10477],{"class":59},[45,110548,203],{"class":202},[45,110550,73],{"class":59},[45,110552,208],{"class":202},[45,110554,73],{"class":59},[45,110556,213],{"class":202},[45,110558,9295],{"class":59},[45,110560,110561,110564,110566,110568,110570,110572,110574,110576,110578],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,110562,110563],{"class":51},"set2 ",[45,110565,56],{"class":55},[45,110567,10477],{"class":59},[45,110569,2056],{"class":202},[45,110571,73],{"class":59},[45,110573,2450],{"class":202},[45,110575,73],{"class":59},[45,110577,4596],{"class":202},[45,110579,9295],{"class":59},[45,110581,110582],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,110583,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,110585,110586,110588,110590,110593,110595,110597,110599,110601],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,110587,220],{"class":51},[45,110589,56],{"class":55},[45,110591,110592],{"class":51}," set1",[45,110594,102],{"class":59},[45,110596,110436],{"class":105},[45,110598,109],{"class":59},[45,110600,100435],{"class":105},[45,110602,118],{"class":59},[45,110604,110605,110607,110609,110611],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,110606,125],{"class":124},[45,110608,109],{"class":59},[45,110610,263],{"class":105},[45,110612,118],{"class":59},[14,110614,268],{},[36,110616,110618],{"className":38,"code":110617,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110619,110620],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110621,110622,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110623,9264],{"class":59},[45,110625,203],{"class":202},[45,110627,73],{"class":59},[45,110629,208],{"class":202},[45,110631,73],{"class":59},[45,110633,2450],{"class":202},[45,110635,73],{"class":59},[45,110637,4596],{"class":202},[45,110639,9295],{"class":59},[31,110641,110643],{"id":110642},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110645,110646],{},"The result includes:",[157,110648,110649,110652],{},[160,110650,110651],{},"items only in the first set",[160,110653,110654],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110656,110657,110658,11071],{},"The result does ",[26,110659,178],{},[157,110661,110662],{},[160,110663,110664],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110666,5462],{},[157,110668,110669,110674],{},[160,110670,110671,110672],{},"first set: ",[18,110673,100123],{},[160,110675,110676,110677],{},"second set: ",[18,110678,110679],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110681,4041,110682,110684],{},[18,110683,2056],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110686,110687],{},"The output is:",[36,110689,110690],{"className":38,"code":110617,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,110691,110692],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110693,110694,110696,110698,110700,110702,110704,110706,110708,110710],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110695,9264],{"class":59},[45,110697,203],{"class":202},[45,110699,73],{"class":59},[45,110701,208],{"class":202},[45,110703,73],{"class":59},[45,110705,2450],{"class":202},[45,110707,73],{"class":59},[45,110709,4596],{"class":202},[45,110711,9295],{"class":59},[14,110713,110714],{},"Also remember:",[157,110716,110717,110720],{},[160,110718,110719],{},"sets are unordered",[160,110721,110722],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[31,110724,11464],{"id":11463},[14,110726,110727],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[36,110729,110731],{"className":38,"code":110730,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,110732,110733,110765,110789,110793,110811,110815],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110734,110735,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745,110747,110749,110751,110753,110755,110757,110759,110761,110763],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110736,106866],{"class":51},[45,110738,56],{"class":55},[45,110740,10477],{"class":59},[45,110742,64],{"class":63},[45,110744,470],{"class":67},[45,110746,64],{"class":63},[45,110748,73],{"class":59},[45,110750,76],{"class":63},[45,110752,479],{"class":67},[45,110754,64],{"class":63},[45,110756,73],{"class":59},[45,110758,76],{"class":63},[45,110760,488],{"class":67},[45,110762,64],{"class":63},[45,110764,9295],{"class":59},[45,110766,110767,110769,110771,110773,110775,110777,110779,110781,110783,110785,110787],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,110768,106899],{"class":51},[45,110770,56],{"class":55},[45,110772,10477],{"class":59},[45,110774,64],{"class":63},[45,110776,488],{"class":67},[45,110778,64],{"class":63},[45,110780,73],{"class":59},[45,110782,76],{"class":63},[45,110784,22508],{"class":67},[45,110786,64],{"class":63},[45,110788,9295],{"class":59},[45,110790,110791],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,110792,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,110794,110795,110797,110799,110801,110803,110805,110807,110809],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,110796,220],{"class":51},[45,110798,56],{"class":55},[45,110800,106941],{"class":51},[45,110802,102],{"class":59},[45,110804,110436],{"class":105},[45,110806,109],{"class":59},[45,110808,106950],{"class":105},[45,110810,118],{"class":59},[45,110812,110813],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,110814,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,110816,110817,110819,110821,110823],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,110818,125],{"class":124},[45,110820,109],{"class":59},[45,110822,263],{"class":105},[45,110824,118],{"class":59},[14,110826,268],{},[36,110828,110830],{"className":38,"code":110829,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[18,110831,110832],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110833,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856,110858],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110835,9264],{"class":59},[45,110837,429],{"class":63},[45,110839,470],{"class":67},[45,110841,429],{"class":63},[45,110843,73],{"class":59},[45,110845,438],{"class":63},[45,110847,479],{"class":67},[45,110849,429],{"class":63},[45,110851,73],{"class":59},[45,110853,438],{"class":63},[45,110855,22508],{"class":67},[45,110857,429],{"class":63},[45,110859,9295],{"class":59},[14,110861,13394],{},[157,110863,110864,110869,110880],{},[160,110865,110866,110868],{},[18,110867,96334],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[160,110870,110871,1301,110873,110876,110877,110879],{},[18,110872,65367],{},[18,110874,110875],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[18,110878,107003],{},", so they stay",[160,110881,110882,110884,110885,110887],{},[18,110883,109642],{}," is only in ",[18,110886,106950],{},", so it stays",[31,110889,110891,10572,110893],{"id":110890},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[18,110892,110346],{},[18,110894,100255],{},[14,110896,110897],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,110899,110900,1111],{},[18,110901,100255],{},[157,110903,110904,110907],{},[160,110905,110906],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[160,110908,110909],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,110911,110912,1111],{},[18,110913,110346],{},[157,110915,110916,110919],{},[160,110917,110918],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[160,110920,110921],{},"removes shared items",[14,110923,345],{},[36,110925,110927],{"className":38,"code":110926,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110928,110929,110949,110969,110973,110994],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110930,110931,110933,110935,110937,110939,110941,110943,110945,110947],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110932,2548],{"class":51},[45,110934,56],{"class":55},[45,110936,10477],{"class":59},[45,110938,203],{"class":202},[45,110940,73],{"class":59},[45,110942,208],{"class":202},[45,110944,73],{"class":59},[45,110946,213],{"class":202},[45,110948,9295],{"class":59},[45,110950,110951,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961,110963,110965,110967],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,110952,2576],{"class":51},[45,110954,56],{"class":55},[45,110956,10477],{"class":59},[45,110958,2056],{"class":202},[45,110960,73],{"class":59},[45,110962,2450],{"class":202},[45,110964,73],{"class":59},[45,110966,4596],{"class":202},[45,110968,9295],{"class":59},[45,110970,110971],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,110972,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,110974,110975,110977,110979,110981,110983,110985,110987,110989,110991],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,110976,125],{"class":124},[45,110978,109],{"class":59},[45,110980,364],{"class":105},[45,110982,102],{"class":59},[45,110984,2806],{"class":105},[45,110986,109],{"class":59},[45,110988,373],{"class":105},[45,110990,5353],{"class":59},[45,110992,110993],{"class":137},"            # {1, 2}\n",[45,110995,110996,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,110997,125],{"class":124},[45,110999,109],{"class":59},[45,111001,364],{"class":105},[45,111003,102],{"class":59},[45,111005,110436],{"class":105},[45,111007,109],{"class":59},[45,111009,373],{"class":105},[45,111011,5353],{"class":59},[45,111013,110455],{"class":137},[14,111015,18680],{},[157,111017,111018,111025],{},[160,111019,111020,111024],{},[364,111021,111022],{"href":102681},[18,111023,100255],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[160,111026,111027,111029],{},[18,111028,110346],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[31,111031,111033,10572,111035],{"id":111032},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[18,111034,110346],{},[18,111036,102640],{},[14,111038,111039,111041],{},[18,111040,102640],{}," combines both sets.",[14,111043,111044,111046],{},[18,111045,110346],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,111048,345],{},[36,111050,111052],{"className":38,"code":111051,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111053,111054,111074,111094,111098,111120],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111055,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111057,2548],{"class":51},[45,111059,56],{"class":55},[45,111061,10477],{"class":59},[45,111063,203],{"class":202},[45,111065,73],{"class":59},[45,111067,208],{"class":202},[45,111069,73],{"class":59},[45,111071,213],{"class":202},[45,111073,9295],{"class":59},[45,111075,111076,111078,111080,111082,111084,111086,111088,111090,111092],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,111077,2576],{"class":51},[45,111079,56],{"class":55},[45,111081,10477],{"class":59},[45,111083,2056],{"class":202},[45,111085,73],{"class":59},[45,111087,2450],{"class":202},[45,111089,73],{"class":59},[45,111091,4596],{"class":202},[45,111093,9295],{"class":59},[45,111095,111096],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,111097,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,111099,111100,111102,111104,111106,111108,111111,111113,111115,111117],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,111101,125],{"class":124},[45,111103,109],{"class":59},[45,111105,364],{"class":105},[45,111107,102],{"class":59},[45,111109,111110],{"class":105},"union",[45,111112,109],{"class":59},[45,111114,373],{"class":105},[45,111116,5353],{"class":59},[45,111118,111119],{"class":137},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[45,111121,111122,111124,111126,111128,111130,111132,111134,111136,111138],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,111123,125],{"class":124},[45,111125,109],{"class":59},[45,111127,364],{"class":105},[45,111129,102],{"class":59},[45,111131,110436],{"class":105},[45,111133,109],{"class":59},[45,111135,373],{"class":105},[45,111137,5353],{"class":59},[45,111139,110455],{"class":137},[14,111141,27202],{},[157,111143,111144,111149],{},[160,111145,111146,111148],{},[18,111147,102640],{}," includes everything",[160,111150,111151,111153],{},[18,111152,110346],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111155,18680],{},[157,111157,111158,111165],{},[160,111159,111160,111164],{},[364,111161,111162],{"href":107571},[18,111163,102640],{}," when overlap does not matter",[160,111166,111167,111169],{},[18,111168,110346],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[31,111171,36593,111173,101439],{"id":111172},"using-the-operator",[18,111174,111175],{},"^",[14,111177,111178,111179,111181,111182,102],{},"For sets, the ",[18,111180,111175],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[18,111183,110346],{},[14,111185,345],{},[36,111187,111189],{"className":38,"code":111188,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[18,111190,111191,111211,111231,111235,111253],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111192,111193,111195,111197,111199,111201,111203,111205,111207,111209],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111194,110542],{"class":51},[45,111196,56],{"class":55},[45,111198,10477],{"class":59},[45,111200,203],{"class":202},[45,111202,73],{"class":59},[45,111204,208],{"class":202},[45,111206,73],{"class":59},[45,111208,213],{"class":202},[45,111210,9295],{"class":59},[45,111212,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221,111223,111225,111227,111229],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,111214,110563],{"class":51},[45,111216,56],{"class":55},[45,111218,10477],{"class":59},[45,111220,2056],{"class":202},[45,111222,73],{"class":59},[45,111224,2450],{"class":202},[45,111226,73],{"class":59},[45,111228,4596],{"class":202},[45,111230,9295],{"class":59},[45,111232,111233],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,111234,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,111236,111237,111239,111241,111243,111245,111247,111249,111251],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,111238,125],{"class":124},[45,111240,109],{"class":59},[45,111242,100426],{"class":105},[45,111244,102],{"class":59},[45,111246,110436],{"class":105},[45,111248,109],{"class":59},[45,111250,100435],{"class":105},[45,111252,1802],{"class":59},[45,111254,111255,111257,111259,111261,111263,111266],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,111256,125],{"class":124},[45,111258,109],{"class":59},[45,111260,110542],{"class":105},[45,111262,111175],{"class":55},[45,111264,111265],{"class":105}," set2",[45,111267,118],{"class":59},[14,111269,30010],{},[36,111271,111273],{"className":38,"code":111272,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111274,111275,111295],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111276,111277,111279,111281,111283,111285,111287,111289,111291,111293],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111278,9264],{"class":59},[45,111280,203],{"class":202},[45,111282,73],{"class":59},[45,111284,208],{"class":202},[45,111286,73],{"class":59},[45,111288,2450],{"class":202},[45,111290,73],{"class":59},[45,111292,4596],{"class":202},[45,111294,9295],{"class":59},[45,111296,111297,111299,111301,111303,111305,111307,111309,111311,111313],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,111298,9264],{"class":59},[45,111300,203],{"class":202},[45,111302,73],{"class":59},[45,111304,208],{"class":202},[45,111306,73],{"class":59},[45,111308,2450],{"class":202},[45,111310,73],{"class":59},[45,111312,4596],{"class":202},[45,111314,9295],{"class":59},[14,111316,111317],{},"Both forms:",[157,111319,111320,111323],{},[160,111321,111322],{},"return a new set",[160,111324,111325],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111327,111328],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[31,111330,4509],{"id":4508},[14,111332,1712,111333,1111],{},[18,111334,110346],{},[157,111336,111337,111345,111355,111370],{},[160,111338,111339,111342,111344],{},[26,111340,111341],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9832,111343],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[160,111346,111347,111350,111352,111354],{},[26,111348,111349],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9832,111351],{},[18,111353,110346],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[160,111356,111357,111362,111364,111366,111367,111369],{},[26,111358,111359,111360],{},"Confusing it with ",[18,111361,100255],{},[9832,111363],{},[18,111365,100255],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[18,111368,110346],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[160,111371,111372,111375,111377],{},[26,111373,111374],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9832,111376],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111379,58839],{},[157,111381,111382,111391,111394,111397],{},[160,111383,50474,111384,1739,111386,111390],{},[18,111385,110346],{},[364,111387,111388],{"href":107571},[18,111389,102640],{}," is actually needed",[160,111392,111393],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[160,111395,111396],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[160,111398,111399],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111401,111402,111403,102],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[364,111404,98919],{"href":105184},[14,111406,62272],{},[36,111408,111410],{"className":38,"code":111409,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[18,111411,111412,111422,111432,111450,111464,111478],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111413,111414,111416,111418,111420],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111415,125],{"class":124},[45,111417,109],{"class":59},[45,111419,100426],{"class":105},[45,111421,118],{"class":59},[45,111423,111424,111426,111428,111430],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,111425,125],{"class":124},[45,111427,109],{"class":59},[45,111429,100435],{"class":105},[45,111431,118],{"class":59},[45,111433,111434,111436,111438,111440,111442,111444,111446,111448],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,111435,125],{"class":124},[45,111437,109],{"class":59},[45,111439,100426],{"class":105},[45,111441,102],{"class":59},[45,111443,110436],{"class":105},[45,111445,109],{"class":59},[45,111447,100435],{"class":105},[45,111449,1802],{"class":59},[45,111451,111452,111454,111456,111458,111460,111462],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,111453,125],{"class":124},[45,111455,109],{"class":59},[45,111457,110542],{"class":105},[45,111459,111175],{"class":55},[45,111461,111265],{"class":105},[45,111463,118],{"class":59},[45,111465,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,111467,125],{"class":124},[45,111469,109],{"class":59},[45,111471,1811],{"class":315},[45,111473,109],{"class":59},[45,111475,100426],{"class":105},[45,111477,1802],{"class":59},[45,111479,111480,111482,111484,111486,111488,111490],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,111481,125],{"class":124},[45,111483,109],{"class":59},[45,111485,1811],{"class":315},[45,111487,109],{"class":59},[45,111489,100435],{"class":105},[45,111491,1802],{"class":59},[31,111493,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,111495,175,111497,102580],{"id":111496},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[18,111498,110346],{},[14,111500,102583],{},[1864,111502,5170,111504,1301,111506,2485],{"id":111503},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[18,111505,110346],{},[18,111507,100255],{},[14,111509,111510,111512,111513,111515],{},[18,111511,100255],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[18,111514,110346],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1864,111517,28310,111519,111521],{"id":111518},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[18,111520,110346],{}," with lists?",[14,111523,111524],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111526,345],{},[36,111528,111530],{"className":38,"code":111529,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[18,111531,111532,111552,111572,111576,111603],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111533,111534,111536,111538,111540,111542,111544,111546,111548,111550],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111535,80496],{"class":51},[45,111537,56],{"class":55},[45,111539,60],{"class":59},[45,111541,203],{"class":202},[45,111543,73],{"class":59},[45,111545,208],{"class":202},[45,111547,73],{"class":59},[45,111549,213],{"class":202},[45,111551,93],{"class":59},[45,111553,111554,111556,111558,111560,111562,111564,111566,111568,111570],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,111555,80517],{"class":51},[45,111557,56],{"class":55},[45,111559,60],{"class":59},[45,111561,2056],{"class":202},[45,111563,73],{"class":59},[45,111565,2450],{"class":202},[45,111567,73],{"class":59},[45,111569,4596],{"class":202},[45,111571,93],{"class":59},[45,111573,111574],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,111575,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,111577,111578,111580,111582,111584,111586,111589,111591,111593,111595,111597,111599,111601],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,111579,220],{"class":51},[45,111581,56],{"class":55},[45,111583,15620],{"class":315},[45,111585,109],{"class":59},[45,111587,111588],{"class":105},"list1",[45,111590,8615],{"class":59},[45,111592,110436],{"class":105},[45,111594,109],{"class":59},[45,111596,6274],{"class":315},[45,111598,109],{"class":59},[45,111600,80783],{"class":105},[45,111602,1802],{"class":59},[45,111604,111605,111607,111609,111611],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,111606,125],{"class":124},[45,111608,109],{"class":59},[45,111610,263],{"class":105},[45,111612,118],{"class":59},[14,111614,268],{},[36,111616,111617],{"className":38,"code":110617,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,111618,111619],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111620,111621,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633,111635,111637],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111622,9264],{"class":59},[45,111624,203],{"class":202},[45,111626,73],{"class":59},[45,111628,208],{"class":202},[45,111630,73],{"class":59},[45,111632,2450],{"class":202},[45,111634,73],{"class":59},[45,111636,4596],{"class":202},[45,111638,9295],{"class":59},[1864,111640,111642],{"id":111641},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111644,111645],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[31,111647,1909],{"id":1908},[157,111649,111650,111654,111659,111665,111671],{},[160,111651,111652],{},[364,111653,96169],{"href":96168},[160,111655,111656],{},[364,111657,111658],{"href":96172},"Creating a set in Python",[160,111660,111661],{},[364,111662,96655,111663,10728],{"href":102681},[18,111664,100255],{},[160,111666,111667],{},[364,111668,96655,111669,10728],{"href":107571},[18,111670,102640],{},[160,111672,111673],{},[364,111674,100185],{"href":105184},[14,111676,111677,111678,2185,111680,17058,111682,111684],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[18,111679,100255],{},[18,111681,102640],{},[18,111683,110346],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1936,111686,57219],{},{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":111688},[111689,111690,111692,111693,111694,111695,111697,111699,111701,111702,111711],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":110461,"depth":96,"text":111691},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":110642,"depth":96,"text":110643},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":110890,"depth":96,"text":111696},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111032,"depth":96,"text":111698},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111172,"depth":96,"text":111700},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":111703},[111704,111706,111708,111710],{"id":111496,"depth":121,"text":111705},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111503,"depth":121,"text":111707},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111518,"depth":121,"text":111709},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111641,"depth":121,"text":111642},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110338,"description":111712},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111719,"title":111720,"body":111721,"description":113784,"extension":1958,"meta":113785,"navigation":241,"path":107571,"seo":113786,"stem":113787,"__hash__":113788},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111722,"toc":113743},[111723,111728,111733,111736,111749,111751,111833,111838,111843,111847,111859,111862,111866,111868,111895,111897,111908,111911,111980,111982,111988,111991,112001,112003,112092,112097,112099,112106,112109,112111,112114,112234,112236,112305,112308,112325,112330,112333,112449,112451,112480,112483,112489,112494,112498,112579,112581,112609,112614,112618,112713,112715,112756,112760,112763,112830,112832,112873,112879,112894,112901,112908,112912,112918,113004,113008,113016,113087,113092,113099,113101,113107,113109,113174,113176,113192,113197,113200,113269,113273,113276,113335,113338,113342,113395,113408,113411,113464,113468,113470,113501,113504,113509,113562,113566,113569,113590,113602,113604,113657,113659,113664,113666,113672,113675,113681,113686,113690,113693,113701,113710,113712,113740],[10,111724,3569,111726,11311],{"id":111725},"python-setunion-method",[18,111727,107884],{},[14,111729,111730,111732],{},[18,111731,107884],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111734,111735],{},"It is useful when you want:",[157,111737,111738,111741,111746],{},[160,111739,111740],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[160,111742,2548,111743,111745],{},[26,111744,100610],{}," as the result",[160,111747,111748],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[31,111750,34],{"id":33},[36,111752,111754],{"className":38,"code":111753,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,111755,111756,111776,111796,111800,111818,111828],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111757,111758,111760,111762,111764,111766,111768,111770,111772,111774],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111759,110542],{"class":51},[45,111761,56],{"class":55},[45,111763,10477],{"class":59},[45,111765,203],{"class":202},[45,111767,73],{"class":59},[45,111769,208],{"class":202},[45,111771,73],{"class":59},[45,111773,213],{"class":202},[45,111775,9295],{"class":59},[45,111777,111778,111780,111782,111784,111786,111788,111790,111792,111794],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,111779,110563],{"class":51},[45,111781,56],{"class":55},[45,111783,10477],{"class":59},[45,111785,2056],{"class":202},[45,111787,73],{"class":59},[45,111789,2450],{"class":202},[45,111791,73],{"class":59},[45,111793,4596],{"class":202},[45,111795,9295],{"class":59},[45,111797,111798],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,111799,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,111801,111802,111804,111806,111808,111810,111812,111814,111816],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,111803,220],{"class":51},[45,111805,56],{"class":55},[45,111807,110592],{"class":51},[45,111809,102],{"class":59},[45,111811,111110],{"class":105},[45,111813,109],{"class":59},[45,111815,100435],{"class":105},[45,111817,118],{"class":59},[45,111819,111820,111822,111824,111826],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,111821,125],{"class":124},[45,111823,109],{"class":59},[45,111825,263],{"class":105},[45,111827,118],{"class":59},[45,111829,111830],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,111831,111832],{"class":137},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,111834,111835,111837],{},[18,111836,102640],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[31,111839,3671,111841,3674],{"id":111840},"what-setunion-does",[18,111842,107884],{},[14,111844,111845,1111],{},[18,111846,107884],{},[157,111848,111849,111852,111855,111857],{},[160,111850,111851],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[160,111853,111854],{},"keeps only unique values",[160,111856,110472],{},[160,111858,110481],{},[14,111860,111861],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,111863,96165,111864,102],{},[364,111865,96169],{"href":97340},[31,111867,2153],{"id":2152},[36,111869,111871],{"className":38,"code":111870,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[18,111872,111873],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111874,111875,111877,111879,111881,111883,111885,111887,111889,111891,111893],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111876,100426],{"class":51},[45,111878,102],{"class":59},[45,111880,111110],{"class":105},[45,111882,109],{"class":59},[45,111884,100435],{"class":105},[45,111886,73],{"class":59},[45,111888,100462],{"class":105},[45,111890,73],{"class":59},[45,111892,34435],{"class":124},[45,111894,118],{"class":59},[14,111896,13039],{},[157,111898,111899,111902,111905],{},[160,111900,111901],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[160,111903,111904],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[160,111906,111907],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,111909,111910],{},"Example with two sets:",[36,111912,111914],{"className":38,"code":111913,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,111915,111916,111932,111948,111952,111970],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111917,111918,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928,111930],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111919,2548],{"class":51},[45,111921,56],{"class":55},[45,111923,10477],{"class":59},[45,111925,203],{"class":202},[45,111927,73],{"class":59},[45,111929,208],{"class":202},[45,111931,9295],{"class":59},[45,111933,111934,111936,111938,111940,111942,111944,111946],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,111935,2576],{"class":51},[45,111937,56],{"class":55},[45,111939,10477],{"class":59},[45,111941,234],{"class":202},[45,111943,73],{"class":59},[45,111945,213],{"class":202},[45,111947,9295],{"class":59},[45,111949,111950],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,111951,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,111953,111954,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,111955,220],{"class":51},[45,111957,56],{"class":55},[45,111959,56865],{"class":51},[45,111961,102],{"class":59},[45,111963,111110],{"class":105},[45,111965,109],{"class":59},[45,111967,373],{"class":105},[45,111969,118],{"class":59},[45,111971,111972,111974,111976,111978],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,111973,125],{"class":124},[45,111975,109],{"class":59},[45,111977,263],{"class":105},[45,111979,118],{"class":59},[31,111981,21954],{"id":21953},[14,111983,111984,100607,111986,102],{},[18,111985,107884],{},[26,111987,100610],{},[14,111989,111990],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[157,111992,111993,111996],{},[160,111994,111995],{},"the original set",[160,111997,111998,111999],{},"all arguments passed to ",[18,112000,102640],{},[14,112002,345],{},[36,112004,112006],{"className":38,"code":112005,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[18,112007,112008,112024,112040,112044,112062,112066,112079],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112009,112010,112012,112014,112016,112018,112020,112022],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112011,2548],{"class":51},[45,112013,56],{"class":55},[45,112015,10477],{"class":59},[45,112017,203],{"class":202},[45,112019,73],{"class":59},[45,112021,208],{"class":202},[45,112023,9295],{"class":59},[45,112025,112026,112028,112030,112032,112034,112036,112038],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,112027,2576],{"class":51},[45,112029,56],{"class":55},[45,112031,10477],{"class":59},[45,112033,234],{"class":202},[45,112035,73],{"class":59},[45,112037,213],{"class":202},[45,112039,9295],{"class":59},[45,112041,112042],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,112043,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,112045,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,112047,220],{"class":51},[45,112049,56],{"class":55},[45,112051,56865],{"class":51},[45,112053,102],{"class":59},[45,112055,111110],{"class":105},[45,112057,109],{"class":59},[45,112059,373],{"class":105},[45,112061,118],{"class":59},[45,112063,112064],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,112065,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,112067,112068,112070,112072,112074,112076],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,112069,125],{"class":124},[45,112071,109],{"class":59},[45,112073,263],{"class":105},[45,112075,3654],{"class":59},[45,112077,112078],{"class":137},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[45,112080,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,112082,125],{"class":124},[45,112084,109],{"class":59},[45,112086,364],{"class":105},[45,112088,3654],{"class":59},[45,112090,112091],{"class":137},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112093,2281,112094,112096],{},[18,112095,364],{}," did not change.",[14,112098,110714],{},[157,112100,112101,112103],{},[160,112102,110719],{},[160,112104,112105],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112107,112108],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[31,112110,11464],{"id":11463},[14,112112,112113],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[36,112115,112117],{"className":38,"code":112116,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[18,112118,112119,112152,112185,112189,112209,112213,112223],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112120,112121,112124,112126,112128,112130,112132,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148,112150],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112122,112123],{"class":51},"fruits1 ",[45,112125,56],{"class":55},[45,112127,10477],{"class":59},[45,112129,64],{"class":63},[45,112131,68],{"class":67},[45,112133,64],{"class":63},[45,112135,73],{"class":59},[45,112137,76],{"class":63},[45,112139,79],{"class":67},[45,112141,64],{"class":63},[45,112143,73],{"class":59},[45,112145,76],{"class":63},[45,112147,88],{"class":67},[45,112149,64],{"class":63},[45,112151,9295],{"class":59},[45,112153,112154,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165,112167,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,112155,112156],{"class":51},"fruits2 ",[45,112158,56],{"class":55},[45,112160,10477],{"class":59},[45,112162,64],{"class":63},[45,112164,79],{"class":67},[45,112166,64],{"class":63},[45,112168,73],{"class":59},[45,112170,76],{"class":63},[45,112172,1093],{"class":67},[45,112174,64],{"class":63},[45,112176,73],{"class":59},[45,112178,76],{"class":63},[45,112180,88],{"class":67},[45,112182,64],{"class":63},[45,112184,9295],{"class":59},[45,112186,112187],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,112188,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,112190,112191,112193,112195,112198,112200,112202,112204,112207],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,112192,220],{"class":51},[45,112194,56],{"class":55},[45,112196,112197],{"class":51}," fruits1",[45,112199,102],{"class":59},[45,112201,111110],{"class":105},[45,112203,109],{"class":59},[45,112205,112206],{"class":105},"fruits2",[45,112208,118],{"class":59},[45,112210,112211],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,112212,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,112214,112215,112217,112219,112221],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,112216,125],{"class":124},[45,112218,109],{"class":59},[45,112220,263],{"class":105},[45,112222,118],{"class":59},[45,112224,112225,112227,112229,112232],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,112226,125],{"class":124},[45,112228,109],{"class":59},[45,112230,112231],{"class":105},"fruits1",[45,112233,118],{"class":59},[14,112235,30010],{},[36,112237,112239],{"className":38,"code":112238,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[18,112240,112241,112277],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112242,112243,112245,112247,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263,112265,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112244,9264],{"class":59},[45,112246,429],{"class":63},[45,112248,79],{"class":67},[45,112250,429],{"class":63},[45,112252,73],{"class":59},[45,112254,438],{"class":63},[45,112256,88],{"class":67},[45,112258,429],{"class":63},[45,112260,73],{"class":59},[45,112262,438],{"class":63},[45,112264,68],{"class":67},[45,112266,429],{"class":63},[45,112268,73],{"class":59},[45,112270,438],{"class":63},[45,112272,1093],{"class":67},[45,112274,429],{"class":63},[45,112276,9295],{"class":59},[45,112278,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297,112299,112301,112303],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,112280,9264],{"class":59},[45,112282,429],{"class":63},[45,112284,79],{"class":67},[45,112286,429],{"class":63},[45,112288,73],{"class":59},[45,112290,438],{"class":63},[45,112292,88],{"class":67},[45,112294,429],{"class":63},[45,112296,73],{"class":59},[45,112298,438],{"class":63},[45,112300,68],{"class":67},[45,112302,429],{"class":63},[45,112304,9295],{"class":59},[14,112306,112307],{},"What this shows:",[157,112309,112310,112317,112320],{},[160,112311,112312,1301,112314,112316],{},[18,112313,1697],{},[18,112315,65673],{}," appear in both sets",[160,112318,112319],{},"they appear only once in the result",[160,112321,112322,112324],{},[18,112323,112231],{}," stays unchanged",[31,112326,1736,112328,100999],{"id":112327},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[18,112329,102640],{},[14,112331,112332],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[36,112334,112336],{"className":38,"code":112335,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112337,112338,112354,112370,112387,112404,112408,112435,112439],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112339,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112341,110542],{"class":51},[45,112343,56],{"class":55},[45,112345,10477],{"class":59},[45,112347,203],{"class":202},[45,112349,73],{"class":59},[45,112351,208],{"class":202},[45,112353,9295],{"class":59},[45,112355,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364,112366,112368],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,112357,110563],{"class":51},[45,112359,56],{"class":55},[45,112361,10477],{"class":59},[45,112363,234],{"class":202},[45,112365,73],{"class":59},[45,112367,213],{"class":202},[45,112369,9295],{"class":59},[45,112371,112372,112375,112377,112379,112381,112383,112385],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,112373,112374],{"class":51},"set3 ",[45,112376,56],{"class":55},[45,112378,10477],{"class":59},[45,112380,2056],{"class":202},[45,112382,73],{"class":59},[45,112384,2450],{"class":202},[45,112386,9295],{"class":59},[45,112388,112389,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,112390,112391],{"class":51},"set4 ",[45,112393,56],{"class":55},[45,112395,10477],{"class":59},[45,112397,2498],{"class":202},[45,112399,73],{"class":59},[45,112401,4596],{"class":202},[45,112403,9295],{"class":59},[45,112405,112406],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,112407,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,112409,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112433],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,112411,220],{"class":51},[45,112413,56],{"class":55},[45,112415,110592],{"class":51},[45,112417,102],{"class":59},[45,112419,111110],{"class":105},[45,112421,109],{"class":59},[45,112423,100435],{"class":105},[45,112425,73],{"class":59},[45,112427,100462],{"class":105},[45,112429,73],{"class":59},[45,112431,112432],{"class":105}," set4",[45,112434,118],{"class":59},[45,112436,112437],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,112438,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,112440,112441,112443,112445,112447],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,112442,125],{"class":124},[45,112444,109],{"class":59},[45,112446,263],{"class":105},[45,112448,118],{"class":59},[14,112450,30010],{},[36,112452,112454],{"className":38,"code":112453,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,112455,112456],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112457,112458,112460,112462,112464,112466,112468,112470,112472,112474,112476,112478],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112459,9264],{"class":59},[45,112461,203],{"class":202},[45,112463,73],{"class":59},[45,112465,208],{"class":202},[45,112467,73],{"class":59},[45,112469,213],{"class":202},[45,112471,73],{"class":59},[45,112473,2450],{"class":202},[45,112475,73],{"class":59},[45,112477,4596],{"class":202},[45,112479,9295],{"class":59},[14,112481,112482],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[31,112484,1736,112486,112488],{"id":112485},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[18,112487,102640],{}," with other iterables",[14,112490,112491,112493],{},[18,112492,102640],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1864,112495,112497],{"id":112496},"with-a-list","With a list",[36,112499,112501],{"className":38,"code":112500,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112502,112503,112523,112547,112551,112569],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112504,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515,112517,112519,112521],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112506,195],{"class":51},[45,112508,56],{"class":55},[45,112510,10477],{"class":59},[45,112512,203],{"class":202},[45,112514,73],{"class":59},[45,112516,208],{"class":202},[45,112518,73],{"class":59},[45,112520,213],{"class":202},[45,112522,9295],{"class":59},[45,112524,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535,112537,112539,112541,112543,112545],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,112526,61024],{"class":51},[45,112528,56],{"class":55},[45,112530,60],{"class":59},[45,112532,2056],{"class":202},[45,112534,73],{"class":59},[45,112536,2450],{"class":202},[45,112538,73],{"class":59},[45,112540,4596],{"class":202},[45,112542,73],{"class":59},[45,112544,4596],{"class":202},[45,112546,93],{"class":59},[45,112548,112549],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,112550,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,112552,112553,112555,112557,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,112554,220],{"class":51},[45,112556,56],{"class":55},[45,112558,225],{"class":51},[45,112560,102],{"class":59},[45,112562,111110],{"class":105},[45,112564,109],{"class":59},[45,112566,61053],{"class":105},[45,112568,118],{"class":59},[45,112570,112571,112573,112575,112577],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,112572,125],{"class":124},[45,112574,109],{"class":59},[45,112576,263],{"class":105},[45,112578,118],{"class":59},[14,112580,30010],{},[36,112582,112583],{"className":38,"code":112453,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,112584,112585],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112586,112587,112589,112591,112593,112595,112597,112599,112601,112603,112605,112607],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112588,9264],{"class":59},[45,112590,203],{"class":202},[45,112592,73],{"class":59},[45,112594,208],{"class":202},[45,112596,73],{"class":59},[45,112598,213],{"class":202},[45,112600,73],{"class":59},[45,112602,2450],{"class":202},[45,112604,73],{"class":59},[45,112606,4596],{"class":202},[45,112608,9295],{"class":59},[14,112610,20964,112611,112613],{},[18,112612,2131],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1864,112615,112617],{"id":112616},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[36,112619,112621],{"className":38,"code":112620,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112622,112623,112647,112680,112684,112703],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112624,112625,112627,112629,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641,112643,112645],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112626,355],{"class":51},[45,112628,56],{"class":55},[45,112630,10477],{"class":59},[45,112632,64],{"class":63},[45,112634,364],{"class":67},[45,112636,64],{"class":63},[45,112638,73],{"class":59},[45,112640,76],{"class":63},[45,112642,373],{"class":67},[45,112644,64],{"class":63},[45,112646,9295],{"class":59},[45,112648,112649,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676,112678],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,112650,112651],{"class":51},"more_letters ",[45,112653,56],{"class":55},[45,112655,9222],{"class":59},[45,112657,64],{"class":63},[45,112659,373],{"class":67},[45,112661,64],{"class":63},[45,112663,73],{"class":59},[45,112665,76],{"class":63},[45,112667,382],{"class":67},[45,112669,64],{"class":63},[45,112671,73],{"class":59},[45,112673,76],{"class":63},[45,112675,18753],{"class":67},[45,112677,64],{"class":63},[45,112679,118],{"class":59},[45,112681,112682],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,112683,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,112685,112686,112688,112690,112692,112694,112696,112698,112701],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,112687,220],{"class":51},[45,112689,56],{"class":55},[45,112691,70067],{"class":51},[45,112693,102],{"class":59},[45,112695,111110],{"class":105},[45,112697,109],{"class":59},[45,112699,112700],{"class":105},"more_letters",[45,112702,118],{"class":59},[45,112704,112705,112707,112709,112711],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,112706,125],{"class":124},[45,112708,109],{"class":59},[45,112710,263],{"class":105},[45,112712,118],{"class":59},[14,112714,30010],{},[36,112716,112718],{"className":38,"code":112717,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[18,112719,112720],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112721,112722,112724,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112723,9264],{"class":59},[45,112725,429],{"class":63},[45,112727,364],{"class":67},[45,112729,429],{"class":63},[45,112731,73],{"class":59},[45,112733,438],{"class":63},[45,112735,373],{"class":67},[45,112737,429],{"class":63},[45,112739,73],{"class":59},[45,112741,438],{"class":63},[45,112743,382],{"class":67},[45,112745,429],{"class":63},[45,112747,73],{"class":59},[45,112749,438],{"class":63},[45,112751,18753],{"class":67},[45,112753,429],{"class":63},[45,112755,9295],{"class":59},[1864,112757,112759],{"id":112758},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112761,112762],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[36,112764,112766],{"className":38,"code":112765,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112767,112768,112793,112816,112820],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112769,112770,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112771,112772],{"class":51},"chars ",[45,112774,56],{"class":55},[45,112776,10477],{"class":59},[45,112778,64],{"class":63},[45,112780,364],{"class":67},[45,112782,64],{"class":63},[45,112784,73],{"class":59},[45,112786,76],{"class":63},[45,112788,373],{"class":67},[45,112790,64],{"class":63},[45,112792,9295],{"class":59},[45,112794,112795,112797,112799,112802,112804,112806,112808,112810,112812,112814],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,112796,220],{"class":51},[45,112798,56],{"class":55},[45,112800,112801],{"class":51}," chars",[45,112803,102],{"class":59},[45,112805,111110],{"class":105},[45,112807,109],{"class":59},[45,112809,64],{"class":63},[45,112811,37027],{"class":67},[45,112813,64],{"class":63},[45,112815,118],{"class":59},[45,112817,112818],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,112819,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,112821,112822,112824,112826,112828],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,112823,125],{"class":124},[45,112825,109],{"class":59},[45,112827,263],{"class":105},[45,112829,118],{"class":59},[14,112831,30010],{},[36,112833,112835],{"className":38,"code":112834,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[18,112836,112837],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112838,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851,112853,112855,112857,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867,112869,112871],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112840,9264],{"class":59},[45,112842,429],{"class":63},[45,112844,364],{"class":67},[45,112846,429],{"class":63},[45,112848,73],{"class":59},[45,112850,438],{"class":63},[45,112852,373],{"class":67},[45,112854,429],{"class":63},[45,112856,73],{"class":59},[45,112858,438],{"class":63},[45,112860,382],{"class":67},[45,112862,429],{"class":63},[45,112864,73],{"class":59},[45,112866,438],{"class":63},[45,112868,63264],{"class":67},[45,112870,429],{"class":63},[45,112872,9295],{"class":59},[14,112874,22173,112875,112878],{},[18,112876,112877],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[157,112880,112881,112885,112889],{},[160,112882,112883],{},[18,112884,66452],{},[160,112886,112887],{},[18,112888,18081],{},[160,112890,112891],{},[18,112892,112893],{},"\"t\"",[31,112895,112897,10572,112899],{"id":112896},"union-vs-update",[18,112898,102640],{},[18,112900,14940],{},[14,112902,112903,1301,112905,112907],{},[18,112904,102640],{},[18,112906,14940],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1864,112909,112910],{"id":111110},[18,112911,102640],{},[157,112913,112914,112916],{},[160,112915,110472],{},[160,112917,110481],{},[36,112919,112920],{"className":38,"code":112005,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,112921,112922,112938,112954,112958,112976,112980,112992],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112923,112924,112926,112928,112930,112932,112934,112936],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112925,2548],{"class":51},[45,112927,56],{"class":55},[45,112929,10477],{"class":59},[45,112931,203],{"class":202},[45,112933,73],{"class":59},[45,112935,208],{"class":202},[45,112937,9295],{"class":59},[45,112939,112940,112942,112944,112946,112948,112950,112952],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,112941,2576],{"class":51},[45,112943,56],{"class":55},[45,112945,10477],{"class":59},[45,112947,234],{"class":202},[45,112949,73],{"class":59},[45,112951,213],{"class":202},[45,112953,9295],{"class":59},[45,112955,112956],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,112957,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,112959,112960,112962,112964,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,112961,220],{"class":51},[45,112963,56],{"class":55},[45,112965,56865],{"class":51},[45,112967,102],{"class":59},[45,112969,111110],{"class":105},[45,112971,109],{"class":59},[45,112973,373],{"class":105},[45,112975,118],{"class":59},[45,112977,112978],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,112979,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,112981,112982,112984,112986,112988,112990],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,112983,125],{"class":124},[45,112985,109],{"class":59},[45,112987,263],{"class":105},[45,112989,3654],{"class":59},[45,112991,112078],{"class":137},[45,112993,112994,112996,112998,113000,113002],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,112995,125],{"class":124},[45,112997,109],{"class":59},[45,112999,364],{"class":105},[45,113001,3654],{"class":59},[45,113003,112091],{"class":137},[1864,113005,113006],{"id":30445},[18,113007,14940],{},[157,113009,113010,113013],{},[160,113011,113012],{},"changes the existing set in place",[160,113014,113015],{},"does not create a separate result set",[36,113017,113019],{"className":38,"code":113018,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,113020,113021,113037,113053,113057,113071,113075],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113022,113023,113025,113027,113029,113031,113033,113035],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113024,2548],{"class":51},[45,113026,56],{"class":55},[45,113028,10477],{"class":59},[45,113030,203],{"class":202},[45,113032,73],{"class":59},[45,113034,208],{"class":202},[45,113036,9295],{"class":59},[45,113038,113039,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049,113051],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,113040,2576],{"class":51},[45,113042,56],{"class":55},[45,113044,10477],{"class":59},[45,113046,234],{"class":202},[45,113048,73],{"class":59},[45,113050,213],{"class":202},[45,113052,9295],{"class":59},[45,113054,113055],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113056,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,113058,113059,113061,113063,113065,113067,113069],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,113060,364],{"class":51},[45,113062,102],{"class":59},[45,113064,30445],{"class":105},[45,113066,109],{"class":59},[45,113068,373],{"class":105},[45,113070,118],{"class":59},[45,113072,113073],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,113074,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,113076,113077,113079,113081,113083,113085],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,113078,125],{"class":124},[45,113080,109],{"class":59},[45,113082,364],{"class":105},[45,113084,3654],{"class":59},[45,113086,112078],{"class":137},[14,113088,141,113089,113091],{},[18,113090,102640],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113093,113094,113095,102],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[364,113096,3569,113097,10728],{"href":98360},[18,113098,97155],{},[31,113100,4509],{"id":4508},[1864,113102,1722,113104,113106],{"id":113103},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[18,113105,102640],{}," to change the original set",[14,113108,81665],{},[36,113110,113112],{"className":38,"code":113111,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113113,113114,113130,113146,113150,113164],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113115,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113117,2548],{"class":51},[45,113119,56],{"class":55},[45,113121,10477],{"class":59},[45,113123,203],{"class":202},[45,113125,73],{"class":59},[45,113127,208],{"class":202},[45,113129,9295],{"class":59},[45,113131,113132,113134,113136,113138,113140,113142,113144],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,113133,2576],{"class":51},[45,113135,56],{"class":55},[45,113137,10477],{"class":59},[45,113139,234],{"class":202},[45,113141,73],{"class":59},[45,113143,213],{"class":202},[45,113145,9295],{"class":59},[45,113147,113148],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113149,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,113151,113152,113154,113156,113158,113160,113162],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,113153,364],{"class":51},[45,113155,102],{"class":59},[45,113157,111110],{"class":105},[45,113159,109],{"class":59},[45,113161,373],{"class":105},[45,113163,118],{"class":59},[45,113165,113166,113168,113170,113172],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,113167,125],{"class":124},[45,113169,109],{"class":59},[45,113171,364],{"class":105},[45,113173,118],{"class":59},[14,113175,268],{},[36,113177,113178],{"className":38,"code":100348,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,113179,113180],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113181,113182,113184,113186,113188,113190],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113183,9264],{"class":59},[45,113185,203],{"class":202},[45,113187,73],{"class":59},[45,113189,208],{"class":202},[45,113191,9295],{"class":59},[14,113193,8479,113194,113196],{},[18,113195,102640],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113198,113199],{},"Fix it like this:",[36,113201,113203],{"className":38,"code":113202,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113204,113205,113221,113237,113241,113259],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113206,113207,113209,113211,113213,113215,113217,113219],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113208,2548],{"class":51},[45,113210,56],{"class":55},[45,113212,10477],{"class":59},[45,113214,203],{"class":202},[45,113216,73],{"class":59},[45,113218,208],{"class":202},[45,113220,9295],{"class":59},[45,113222,113223,113225,113227,113229,113231,113233,113235],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,113224,2576],{"class":51},[45,113226,56],{"class":55},[45,113228,10477],{"class":59},[45,113230,234],{"class":202},[45,113232,73],{"class":59},[45,113234,213],{"class":202},[45,113236,9295],{"class":59},[45,113238,113239],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113240,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,113242,113243,113245,113247,113249,113251,113253,113255,113257],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,113244,2548],{"class":51},[45,113246,56],{"class":55},[45,113248,56865],{"class":51},[45,113250,102],{"class":59},[45,113252,111110],{"class":105},[45,113254,109],{"class":59},[45,113256,373],{"class":105},[45,113258,118],{"class":59},[45,113260,113261,113263,113265,113267],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,113262,125],{"class":124},[45,113264,109],{"class":59},[45,113266,364],{"class":105},[45,113268,118],{"class":59},[1864,113270,113272],{"id":113271},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113274,113275],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[36,113277,113279],{"className":38,"code":113278,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[18,113280,113281,113297,113313,113317],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113282,113283,113285,113287,113289,113291,113293,113295],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113284,2548],{"class":51},[45,113286,56],{"class":55},[45,113288,10477],{"class":59},[45,113290,2056],{"class":202},[45,113292,73],{"class":59},[45,113294,5488],{"class":202},[45,113296,9295],{"class":59},[45,113298,113299,113301,113303,113305,113307,113309,113311],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,113300,2576],{"class":51},[45,113302,56],{"class":55},[45,113304,10477],{"class":59},[45,113306,234],{"class":202},[45,113308,73],{"class":59},[45,113310,2450],{"class":202},[45,113312,9295],{"class":59},[45,113314,113315],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113316,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,113318,113319,113321,113323,113325,113327,113329,113331,113333],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,113320,125],{"class":124},[45,113322,109],{"class":59},[45,113324,364],{"class":105},[45,113326,102],{"class":59},[45,113328,111110],{"class":105},[45,113330,109],{"class":59},[45,113332,373],{"class":105},[45,113334,1802],{"class":59},[14,113336,113337],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1864,113339,113341],{"id":113340},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[36,113343,113345],{"className":38,"code":113344,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,113346,113347,113363,113385],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113348,113349,113351,113353,113355,113357,113359,113361],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113350,4062],{"class":51},[45,113352,56],{"class":55},[45,113354,10477],{"class":59},[45,113356,64],{"class":63},[45,113358,58104],{"class":67},[45,113360,64],{"class":63},[45,113362,9295],{"class":59},[45,113364,113365,113367,113369,113371,113373,113375,113377,113379,113381,113383],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,113366,220],{"class":51},[45,113368,56],{"class":55},[45,113370,6155],{"class":51},[45,113372,102],{"class":59},[45,113374,111110],{"class":105},[45,113376,109],{"class":59},[45,113378,64],{"class":63},[45,113380,37027],{"class":67},[45,113382,64],{"class":63},[45,113384,118],{"class":59},[45,113386,113387,113389,113391,113393],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113388,125],{"class":124},[45,113390,109],{"class":59},[45,113392,263],{"class":105},[45,113394,118],{"class":59},[14,113396,113397,113398,2185,113400,17058,113402,113404,113405,113407],{},"This adds ",[18,113399,66452],{},[18,113401,18081],{},[18,113403,112893],{}," as separate items, not ",[18,113406,112877],{}," as one item.",[14,113409,113410],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[36,113412,113414],{"className":38,"code":113413,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113415,113416,113432,113454],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113417,113418,113420,113422,113424,113426,113428,113430],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113419,4062],{"class":51},[45,113421,56],{"class":55},[45,113423,10477],{"class":59},[45,113425,64],{"class":63},[45,113427,58104],{"class":67},[45,113429,64],{"class":63},[45,113431,9295],{"class":59},[45,113433,113434,113436,113438,113440,113442,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,113435,220],{"class":51},[45,113437,56],{"class":55},[45,113439,6155],{"class":51},[45,113441,102],{"class":59},[45,113443,111110],{"class":105},[45,113445,2979],{"class":59},[45,113447,64],{"class":63},[45,113449,37027],{"class":67},[45,113451,64],{"class":63},[45,113453,3880],{"class":59},[45,113455,113456,113458,113460,113462],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113457,125],{"class":124},[45,113459,109],{"class":59},[45,113461,263],{"class":105},[45,113463,118],{"class":59},[1864,113465,113467],{"id":113466},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113469,2830],{},[36,113471,113473],{"className":38,"code":113472,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[18,113474,113475],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113476,113477,113479,113481,113483,113485,113487,113489,113491,113493,113495,113497,113499],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113478,15615],{"class":51},[45,113480,56],{"class":55},[45,113482,10477],{"class":59},[45,113484,203],{"class":202},[45,113486,73],{"class":59},[45,113488,208],{"class":202},[45,113490,73],{"class":59},[45,113492,60],{"class":59},[45,113494,2056],{"class":202},[45,113496,73],{"class":59},[45,113498,2450],{"class":202},[45,113500,13691],{"class":59},[14,113502,113503],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113505,113506,113507,1111],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[18,113508,102640],{},[36,113510,113512],{"className":38,"code":113511,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113513,113514,113530,113552],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113515,113516,113518,113520,113522,113524,113526,113528],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113517,15615],{"class":51},[45,113519,56],{"class":55},[45,113521,10477],{"class":59},[45,113523,203],{"class":202},[45,113525,73],{"class":59},[45,113527,208],{"class":202},[45,113529,9295],{"class":59},[45,113531,113532,113534,113536,113538,113540,113542,113544,113546,113548,113550],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,113533,220],{"class":51},[45,113535,56],{"class":55},[45,113537,96765],{"class":51},[45,113539,102],{"class":59},[45,113541,111110],{"class":105},[45,113543,2979],{"class":59},[45,113545,2056],{"class":202},[45,113547,73],{"class":59},[45,113549,2450],{"class":202},[45,113551,3880],{"class":59},[45,113553,113554,113556,113558,113560],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113555,125],{"class":124},[45,113557,109],{"class":59},[45,113559,263],{"class":105},[45,113561,118],{"class":59},[31,113563,113565],{"id":113564},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113567,113568],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[157,113570,113571,113577,113584,113587],{},[160,113572,113573,113574,113576],{},"call ",[18,113575,102640],{}," without saving the returned set",[160,113578,113579,113580,8689,113582],{},"confuse ",[18,113581,102640],{},[18,113583,14940],{},[160,113585,113586],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[160,113588,113589],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113591,113592,113593,1301,113597,102],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[364,113594,3569,113595,10728],{"href":102629},[18,113596,106414],{},[364,113598,3569,113600,10728],{"href":113599},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[18,113601,100260],{},[14,113603,62272],{},[36,113605,113607],{"className":38,"code":113606,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[18,113608,113609,113619,113633,113643],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113610,113611,113613,113615,113617],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113612,125],{"class":124},[45,113614,109],{"class":59},[45,113616,15653],{"class":105},[45,113618,118],{"class":59},[45,113620,113621,113623,113625,113627,113629,113631],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,113622,125],{"class":124},[45,113624,109],{"class":59},[45,113626,1811],{"class":315},[45,113628,109],{"class":59},[45,113630,15653],{"class":105},[45,113632,1802],{"class":59},[45,113634,113635,113637,113639,113641],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113636,125],{"class":124},[45,113638,109],{"class":59},[45,113640,263],{"class":105},[45,113642,118],{"class":59},[45,113644,113645,113647,113649,113651,113653,113655],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,113646,1822],{"class":124},[45,113648,109],{"class":59},[45,113650,6274],{"class":315},[45,113652,102],{"class":59},[45,113654,111110],{"class":1831},[45,113656,118],{"class":59},[31,113658,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,113660,175,113662,102580],{"id":113661},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[18,113663,107884],{},[14,113665,102583],{},[1864,113667,5160,113669,113671],{"id":113668},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[18,113670,102640],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113673,113674],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1864,113676,28310,113678,113680],{"id":113677},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[18,113679,102640],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113682,42133,113683,113685],{},[18,113684,102640],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1864,113687,113689],{"id":113688},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113691,113692],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1864,113694,5170,113696,1301,113698,2485],{"id":113695},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[18,113697,102640],{},[18,113699,113700],{},"|",[14,113702,113703,113704,113706,113707,113709],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[18,113705,113700],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[18,113708,102640],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[31,113711,1909],{"id":1908},[157,113713,113714,113718,113724,113730,113736],{},[160,113715,113716],{},[364,113717,96169],{"href":97340},[160,113719,113720],{},[364,113721,3569,113722,10728],{"href":98360},[18,113723,97155],{},[160,113725,113726],{},[364,113727,3569,113728,10728],{"href":102629},[18,113729,106414],{},[160,113731,113732],{},[364,113733,3569,113734,10728],{"href":113599},[18,113735,100260],{},[160,113737,113738],{},[364,113739,100185],{"href":98918},[1936,113741,113742],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":113744},[113745,113746,113748,113749,113750,113751,113753,113759,113764,113771,113772,113783],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":111840,"depth":96,"text":113747},"What set.union() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":21953,"depth":96,"text":21954},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":112327,"depth":96,"text":113752},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112485,"depth":96,"text":113754,"children":113755},"Using union() with other iterables",[113756,113757,113758],{"id":112496,"depth":121,"text":112497},{"id":112616,"depth":121,"text":112617},{"id":112758,"depth":121,"text":112759},{"id":112896,"depth":96,"text":113760,"children":113761},"union() vs update()",[113762,113763],{"id":111110,"depth":121,"text":102640},{"id":30445,"depth":121,"text":14940},{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":113765},[113766,113768,113769,113770],{"id":113103,"depth":121,"text":113767},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113271,"depth":121,"text":113272},{"id":113340,"depth":121,"text":113341},{"id":113466,"depth":121,"text":113467},{"id":113564,"depth":96,"text":113565},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":113773},[113774,113776,113778,113780,113781],{"id":113661,"depth":121,"text":113775},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113668,"depth":121,"text":113777},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113677,"depth":121,"text":113779},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113688,"depth":121,"text":113689},{"id":113695,"depth":121,"text":113782},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111720,"description":113784},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113790,"title":113791,"body":113792,"description":115681,"extension":1958,"meta":115682,"navigation":241,"path":96654,"seo":115683,"stem":115684,"__hash__":115685},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113793,"toc":115647},[113794,113799,113804,113812,113814,113872,113877,113882,113886,113898,113901,113975,113980,113982,113984,114003,114005,114022,114025,114052,114054,114124,114128,114130,114136,114138,114199,114204,114206,114263,114267,114272,114337,114339,114359,114366,114370,114375,114460,114463,114470,114573,114577,114582,114640,114643,114654,114668,114675,114733,114740,114743,114753,114757,114815,114819,114885,114888,114946,114953,114960,114963,114967,114976,115045,115049,115055,115143,115153,115157,115161,115165,115168,115229,115234,115291,115295,115297,115332,115339,115341,115395,115402,115406,115409,115474,115483,115489,115546,115548,115553,115557,115561,115564,115571,115579,115583,115588,115592,115598,115600,115635,115644],[10,113795,96041,113797,11311],{"id":113796},"python-set-update-method",[18,113798,14940],{},[14,113800,113801,113803],{},[18,113802,97155],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,113805,113806,113807,113811],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[364,113808,113809],{"href":98341},[18,113810,96049],{},", which adds only one item.",[31,113813,3603],{"id":3602},[36,113815,113817],{"className":38,"code":113816,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,113818,113819,113835,113857,113867],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113820,113821,113823,113825,113827,113829,113831,113833],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113822,195],{"class":51},[45,113824,56],{"class":55},[45,113826,10477],{"class":59},[45,113828,203],{"class":202},[45,113830,73],{"class":59},[45,113832,208],{"class":202},[45,113834,9295],{"class":59},[45,113836,113837,113839,113841,113843,113845,113847,113849,113851,113853,113855],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,113838,251],{"class":51},[45,113840,102],{"class":59},[45,113842,30445],{"class":105},[45,113844,2979],{"class":59},[45,113846,234],{"class":202},[45,113848,73],{"class":59},[45,113850,213],{"class":202},[45,113852,73],{"class":59},[45,113854,2450],{"class":202},[45,113856,3880],{"class":59},[45,113858,113859,113861,113863,113865],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113860,125],{"class":124},[45,113862,109],{"class":59},[45,113864,251],{"class":105},[45,113866,118],{"class":59},[45,113868,113869],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,113870,113871],{"class":137},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,113873,141,113874,113876],{},[18,113875,14940],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[31,113878,3671,113880,3674],{"id":113879},"what-setupdate-does",[18,113881,97155],{},[14,113883,113884,1111],{},[18,113885,97155],{},[157,113887,113888,113891,113893,113896],{},[160,113889,113890],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[160,113892,96156],{},[160,113894,113895],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[160,113897,96159],{},[14,113899,113900],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[36,113902,113904],{"className":38,"code":113903,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,113905,113906,113930,113956,113960,113970],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113907,113908,113910,113912,113914,113916,113918,113920,113922,113924,113926,113928],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113909,461],{"class":51},[45,113911,56],{"class":55},[45,113913,10477],{"class":59},[45,113915,64],{"class":63},[45,113917,470],{"class":67},[45,113919,64],{"class":63},[45,113921,73],{"class":59},[45,113923,76],{"class":63},[45,113925,479],{"class":67},[45,113927,64],{"class":63},[45,113929,9295],{"class":59},[45,113931,113932,113934,113936,113938,113940,113942,113944,113946,113948,113950,113952,113954],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,113933,497],{"class":51},[45,113935,102],{"class":59},[45,113937,30445],{"class":105},[45,113939,2979],{"class":59},[45,113941,64],{"class":63},[45,113943,479],{"class":67},[45,113945,64],{"class":63},[45,113947,73],{"class":59},[45,113949,76],{"class":63},[45,113951,488],{"class":67},[45,113953,64],{"class":63},[45,113955,3880],{"class":59},[45,113957,113958],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113959,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,113961,113962,113964,113966,113968],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,113963,125],{"class":124},[45,113965,109],{"class":59},[45,113967,497],{"class":105},[45,113969,118],{"class":59},[45,113971,113972],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,113973,113974],{"class":137},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,113976,20964,113977,113979],{},[18,113978,110875],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[31,113981,2153],{"id":2152},[14,113983,7205],{},[36,113985,113987],{"className":38,"code":113986,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[18,113988,113989],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113990,113991,113993,113995,113997,113999,114001],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113992,15653],{"class":51},[45,113994,102],{"class":59},[45,113996,30445],{"class":105},[45,113998,109],{"class":59},[45,114000,3714],{"class":105},[45,114002,118],{"class":59},[14,114004,80041],{},[157,114006,114007,114010,114013,114016,114019],{},[160,114008,114009],{},"A list",[160,114011,114012],{},"A tuple",[160,114014,114015],{},"Another set",[160,114017,114018],{},"A string",[160,114020,114021],{},"Any other iterable",[14,114023,114024],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[36,114026,114028],{"className":38,"code":114027,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[18,114029,114030],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114031,114032,114034,114036,114038,114040,114042,114044,114046,114048,114050],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114033,15653],{"class":51},[45,114035,102],{"class":59},[45,114037,30445],{"class":105},[45,114039,109],{"class":59},[45,114041,364],{"class":105},[45,114043,73],{"class":59},[45,114045,2553],{"class":105},[45,114047,73],{"class":59},[45,114049,9668],{"class":105},[45,114051,118],{"class":59},[14,114053,345],{},[36,114055,114057],{"className":38,"code":114056,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[18,114058,114059,114071,114105,114109,114119],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114060,114061,114063,114065,114067,114069],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114062,3816],{"class":51},[45,114064,56],{"class":55},[45,114066,10477],{"class":59},[45,114068,203],{"class":202},[45,114070,9295],{"class":59},[45,114072,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085,114087,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097,114099,114101,114103],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,114074,5350],{"class":51},[45,114076,102],{"class":59},[45,114078,30445],{"class":105},[45,114080,2979],{"class":59},[45,114082,234],{"class":202},[45,114084,73],{"class":59},[45,114086,213],{"class":202},[45,114088,18047],{"class":59},[45,114090,9222],{"class":59},[45,114092,2498],{"class":202},[45,114094,73],{"class":59},[45,114096,4596],{"class":202},[45,114098,9219],{"class":59},[45,114100,10477],{"class":59},[45,114102,80432],{"class":202},[45,114104,30477],{"class":59},[45,114106,114107],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114108,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,114110,114111,114113,114115,114117],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,114112,125],{"class":124},[45,114114,109],{"class":59},[45,114116,5350],{"class":105},[45,114118,118],{"class":59},[45,114120,114121],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,114122,114123],{"class":137},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114125,96165,114126,102],{},[364,114127,96173],{"href":97724},[31,114129,21954],{"id":21953},[14,114131,114132,1326,114134,102],{},[18,114133,97155],{},[18,114135,301],{},[14,114137,11703],{},[36,114139,114141],{"className":38,"code":114140,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,114142,114143,114159,114181,114185,114195],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114144,114145,114147,114149,114151,114153,114155,114157],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114146,195],{"class":51},[45,114148,56],{"class":55},[45,114150,10477],{"class":59},[45,114152,203],{"class":202},[45,114154,73],{"class":59},[45,114156,208],{"class":202},[45,114158,9295],{"class":59},[45,114160,114161,114163,114165,114167,114169,114171,114173,114175,114177,114179],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,114162,220],{"class":51},[45,114164,56],{"class":55},[45,114166,225],{"class":51},[45,114168,102],{"class":59},[45,114170,30445],{"class":105},[45,114172,2979],{"class":59},[45,114174,2056],{"class":202},[45,114176,73],{"class":59},[45,114178,2450],{"class":202},[45,114180,3880],{"class":59},[45,114182,114183],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114184,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,114186,114187,114189,114191,114193],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,114188,125],{"class":124},[45,114190,109],{"class":59},[45,114192,263],{"class":105},[45,114194,118],{"class":59},[45,114196,114197],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,114198,61808],{"class":137},[14,114200,114201,114202,102],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[18,114203,263],{},[14,114205,18954],{},[36,114207,114209],{"className":38,"code":114208,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114210,114211,114227,114245,114249,114259],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114212,114213,114215,114217,114219,114221,114223,114225],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114214,195],{"class":51},[45,114216,56],{"class":55},[45,114218,10477],{"class":59},[45,114220,203],{"class":202},[45,114222,73],{"class":59},[45,114224,208],{"class":202},[45,114226,9295],{"class":59},[45,114228,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239,114241,114243],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,114230,251],{"class":51},[45,114232,102],{"class":59},[45,114234,30445],{"class":105},[45,114236,2979],{"class":59},[45,114238,2056],{"class":202},[45,114240,73],{"class":59},[45,114242,2450],{"class":202},[45,114244,3880],{"class":59},[45,114246,114247],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114248,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,114250,114251,114253,114255,114257],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,114252,125],{"class":124},[45,114254,109],{"class":59},[45,114256,251],{"class":105},[45,114258,118],{"class":59},[45,114260,114261],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,114262,113871],{"class":137},[31,114264,114266],{"id":114265},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114268,114269,114270,102],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[18,114271,14940],{},[36,114273,114275],{"className":38,"code":114274,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114276,114277,114293,114319,114323,114333],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114278,114279,114281,114283,114285,114287,114289,114291],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114280,195],{"class":51},[45,114282,56],{"class":55},[45,114284,10477],{"class":59},[45,114286,203],{"class":202},[45,114288,73],{"class":59},[45,114290,208],{"class":202},[45,114292,9295],{"class":59},[45,114294,114295,114297,114299,114301,114303,114305,114307,114309,114311,114313,114315,114317],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,114296,251],{"class":51},[45,114298,102],{"class":59},[45,114300,30445],{"class":105},[45,114302,2979],{"class":59},[45,114304,234],{"class":202},[45,114306,73],{"class":59},[45,114308,213],{"class":202},[45,114310,73],{"class":59},[45,114312,2450],{"class":202},[45,114314,73],{"class":59},[45,114316,2450],{"class":202},[45,114318,3880],{"class":59},[45,114320,114321],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114322,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,114324,114325,114327,114329,114331],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,114326,125],{"class":124},[45,114328,109],{"class":59},[45,114330,251],{"class":105},[45,114332,118],{"class":59},[45,114334,114335],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,114336,113871],{"class":137},[14,114338,551],{},[157,114340,114341,114346,114353],{},[160,114342,114343,114345],{},[18,114344,234],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[160,114347,114348,1301,114350,114352],{},[18,114349,2056],{},[18,114351,2498],{}," are added",[160,114354,114355,114356,114358],{},"The second ",[18,114357,2498],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114360,114361,114362,114365],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[364,114363,114364],{"href":98918},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[31,114367,114369],{"id":114368},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114371,7751,114372,114374],{},[18,114373,14940],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[36,114376,114378],{"className":38,"code":114377,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,114379,114380,114401,114422,114426,114442,114446,114456],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114381,114382,114385,114387,114389,114391,114393,114395,114397,114399],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114383,114384],{"class":51},"set_a ",[45,114386,56],{"class":55},[45,114388,10477],{"class":59},[45,114390,203],{"class":202},[45,114392,73],{"class":59},[45,114394,208],{"class":202},[45,114396,73],{"class":59},[45,114398,213],{"class":202},[45,114400,9295],{"class":59},[45,114402,114403,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416,114418,114420],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,114404,114405],{"class":51},"set_b ",[45,114407,56],{"class":55},[45,114409,10477],{"class":59},[45,114411,2056],{"class":202},[45,114413,73],{"class":59},[45,114415,2450],{"class":202},[45,114417,73],{"class":59},[45,114419,4596],{"class":202},[45,114421,9295],{"class":59},[45,114423,114424],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114425,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,114427,114428,114431,114433,114435,114437,114440],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,114429,114430],{"class":51},"set_a",[45,114432,102],{"class":59},[45,114434,30445],{"class":105},[45,114436,109],{"class":59},[45,114438,114439],{"class":105},"set_b",[45,114441,118],{"class":59},[45,114443,114444],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,114445,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,114447,114448,114450,114452,114454],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,114449,125],{"class":124},[45,114451,109],{"class":59},[45,114453,114430],{"class":105},[45,114455,118],{"class":59},[45,114457,114458],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,114459,111832],{"class":137},[14,114461,114462],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114464,114465,114466,102],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[364,114467,114468],{"href":102637},[18,114469,107884],{},[36,114471,114473],{"className":38,"code":114472,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114474,114475,114495,114515,114519,114539,114543,114554,114558,114568],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114476,114477,114479,114481,114483,114485,114487,114489,114491,114493],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114478,114384],{"class":51},[45,114480,56],{"class":55},[45,114482,10477],{"class":59},[45,114484,203],{"class":202},[45,114486,73],{"class":59},[45,114488,208],{"class":202},[45,114490,73],{"class":59},[45,114492,213],{"class":202},[45,114494,9295],{"class":59},[45,114496,114497,114499,114501,114503,114505,114507,114509,114511,114513],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,114498,114405],{"class":51},[45,114500,56],{"class":55},[45,114502,10477],{"class":59},[45,114504,2056],{"class":202},[45,114506,73],{"class":59},[45,114508,2450],{"class":202},[45,114510,73],{"class":59},[45,114512,4596],{"class":202},[45,114514,9295],{"class":59},[45,114516,114517],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114518,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,114520,114521,114524,114526,114529,114531,114533,114535,114537],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,114522,114523],{"class":51},"combined ",[45,114525,56],{"class":55},[45,114527,114528],{"class":51}," set_a",[45,114530,102],{"class":59},[45,114532,111110],{"class":105},[45,114534,109],{"class":59},[45,114536,114439],{"class":105},[45,114538,118],{"class":59},[45,114540,114541],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,114542,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,114544,114545,114547,114549,114552],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,114546,125],{"class":124},[45,114548,109],{"class":59},[45,114550,114551],{"class":105},"combined",[45,114553,118],{"class":59},[45,114555,114556],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,114557,111832],{"class":137},[45,114559,114560,114562,114564,114566],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,114561,125],{"class":124},[45,114563,109],{"class":59},[45,114565,114430],{"class":105},[45,114567,118],{"class":59},[45,114569,114570],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,114571,114572],{"class":137},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[31,114574,114576],{"id":114575},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114578,64717,114579,114581],{},[18,114580,14940],{}," adds each character separately.",[36,114583,114585],{"className":38,"code":114584,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[18,114586,114587,114603,114621,114625,114635],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114588,114589,114591,114593,114595,114597,114599,114601],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114590,355],{"class":51},[45,114592,56],{"class":55},[45,114594,10477],{"class":59},[45,114596,64],{"class":63},[45,114598,1123],{"class":67},[45,114600,64],{"class":63},[45,114602,9295],{"class":59},[45,114604,114605,114607,114609,114611,114613,114615,114617,114619],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,114606,391],{"class":51},[45,114608,102],{"class":59},[45,114610,30445],{"class":105},[45,114612,109],{"class":59},[45,114614,64],{"class":63},[45,114616,37027],{"class":67},[45,114618,64],{"class":63},[45,114620,118],{"class":59},[45,114622,114623],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114624,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,114626,114627,114629,114631,114633],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,114628,125],{"class":124},[45,114630,109],{"class":59},[45,114632,391],{"class":105},[45,114634,118],{"class":59},[45,114636,114637],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,114638,114639],{"class":137},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114641,114642],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114644,114645,14039,114648,114650,114651,114653],{},[18,114646,114647],{},"update(\"cat\")",[26,114649,178],{}," add ",[18,114652,112877],{}," as one item. It adds:",[157,114655,114656,114660,114664],{},[160,114657,114658],{},[18,114659,66452],{},[160,114661,114662],{},[18,114663,18081],{},[160,114665,114666],{},[18,114667,112893],{},[14,114669,114670,114671,1111],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[364,114672,114673],{"href":98341},[18,114674,96049],{},[36,114676,114678],{"className":38,"code":114677,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,114679,114680,114696,114714,114718,114728],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114681,114682,114684,114686,114688,114690,114692,114694],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114683,4062],{"class":51},[45,114685,56],{"class":55},[45,114687,10477],{"class":59},[45,114689,64],{"class":63},[45,114691,58104],{"class":67},[45,114693,64],{"class":63},[45,114695,9295],{"class":59},[45,114697,114698,114700,114702,114704,114706,114708,114710,114712],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,114699,4104],{"class":51},[45,114701,102],{"class":59},[45,114703,81944],{"class":105},[45,114705,109],{"class":59},[45,114707,64],{"class":63},[45,114709,37027],{"class":67},[45,114711,64],{"class":63},[45,114713,118],{"class":59},[45,114715,114716],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114717,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,114719,114720,114722,114724,114726],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,114721,125],{"class":124},[45,114723,109],{"class":59},[45,114725,4104],{"class":105},[45,114727,118],{"class":59},[45,114729,114730],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,114731,114732],{"class":137},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[31,114734,114736,10572,114738],{"id":114735},"update-vs-add",[18,114737,14940],{},[18,114739,96044],{},[14,114741,114742],{},"The difference is simple:",[157,114744,114745,114749],{},[160,114746,114747,96643],{},[18,114748,96044],{},[160,114750,114751,96648],{},[18,114752,14940],{},[14,114754,1336,114755,1111],{},[18,114756,96044],{},[36,114758,114760],{"className":38,"code":114759,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[18,114761,114762,114778,114796,114800,114810],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114763,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772,114774,114776],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114765,36219],{"class":51},[45,114767,56],{"class":55},[45,114769,10477],{"class":59},[45,114771,64],{"class":63},[45,114773,68],{"class":67},[45,114775,64],{"class":63},[45,114777,9295],{"class":59},[45,114779,114780,114782,114784,114786,114788,114790,114792,114794],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,114781,36271],{"class":51},[45,114783,102],{"class":59},[45,114785,81944],{"class":105},[45,114787,109],{"class":59},[45,114789,64],{"class":63},[45,114791,79],{"class":67},[45,114793,64],{"class":63},[45,114795,118],{"class":59},[45,114797,114798],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114799,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,114801,114802,114804,114806,114808],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,114803,125],{"class":124},[45,114805,109],{"class":59},[45,114807,36271],{"class":105},[45,114809,118],{"class":59},[45,114811,114812],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,114813,114814],{"class":137},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,114816,1336,114817,1111],{},[18,114818,14940],{},[36,114820,114822],{"className":38,"code":114821,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[18,114823,114824,114840,114866,114870,114880],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114825,114826,114828,114830,114832,114834,114836,114838],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114827,36219],{"class":51},[45,114829,56],{"class":55},[45,114831,10477],{"class":59},[45,114833,64],{"class":63},[45,114835,68],{"class":67},[45,114837,64],{"class":63},[45,114839,9295],{"class":59},[45,114841,114842,114844,114846,114848,114850,114852,114854,114856,114858,114860,114862,114864],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,114843,36271],{"class":51},[45,114845,102],{"class":59},[45,114847,30445],{"class":105},[45,114849,2979],{"class":59},[45,114851,64],{"class":63},[45,114853,79],{"class":67},[45,114855,64],{"class":63},[45,114857,73],{"class":59},[45,114859,76],{"class":63},[45,114861,88],{"class":67},[45,114863,64],{"class":63},[45,114865,3880],{"class":59},[45,114867,114868],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114869,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,114871,114872,114874,114876,114878],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,114873,125],{"class":124},[45,114875,109],{"class":59},[45,114877,36271],{"class":105},[45,114879,118],{"class":59},[45,114881,114882],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,114883,114884],{"class":137},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,114886,114887],{},"Important warning with strings:",[36,114889,114891],{"className":38,"code":114890,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[18,114892,114893,114909,114927,114931,114941],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114894,114895,114897,114899,114901,114903,114905,114907],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114896,36219],{"class":51},[45,114898,56],{"class":55},[45,114900,10477],{"class":59},[45,114902,64],{"class":63},[45,114904,68],{"class":67},[45,114906,64],{"class":63},[45,114908,9295],{"class":59},[45,114910,114911,114913,114915,114917,114919,114921,114923,114925],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,114912,36271],{"class":51},[45,114914,102],{"class":59},[45,114916,30445],{"class":105},[45,114918,109],{"class":59},[45,114920,64],{"class":63},[45,114922,38322],{"class":67},[45,114924,64],{"class":63},[45,114926,118],{"class":59},[45,114928,114929],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114930,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,114932,114933,114935,114937,114939],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,114934,125],{"class":124},[45,114936,109],{"class":59},[45,114938,36271],{"class":105},[45,114940,118],{"class":59},[45,114942,114943],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,114944,114945],{"class":137},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,114947,62083,114948,62156,114951,6618],{},[18,114949,114950],{},"\"kiwi\"",[18,114952,96044],{},[31,114954,114956,10572,114958],{"id":114955},"update-vs-union",[18,114957,14940],{},[18,114959,102640],{},[14,114961,114962],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1864,114964,114965],{"id":30445},[18,114966,14940],{},[157,114968,114969,114972],{},[160,114970,114971],{},"Changes the existing set",[160,114973,11412,114974],{},[18,114975,301],{},[36,114977,114979],{"className":38,"code":114978,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114980,114981,114997,115013,115017,115031,115041],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114982,114983,114985,114987,114989,114991,114993,114995],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114984,2548],{"class":51},[45,114986,56],{"class":55},[45,114988,10477],{"class":59},[45,114990,203],{"class":202},[45,114992,73],{"class":59},[45,114994,208],{"class":202},[45,114996,9295],{"class":59},[45,114998,114999,115001,115003,115005,115007,115009,115011],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,115000,2576],{"class":51},[45,115002,56],{"class":55},[45,115004,10477],{"class":59},[45,115006,234],{"class":202},[45,115008,73],{"class":59},[45,115010,213],{"class":202},[45,115012,9295],{"class":59},[45,115014,115015],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115016,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,115018,115019,115021,115023,115025,115027,115029],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,115020,364],{"class":51},[45,115022,102],{"class":59},[45,115024,30445],{"class":105},[45,115026,109],{"class":59},[45,115028,373],{"class":105},[45,115030,118],{"class":59},[45,115032,115033,115035,115037,115039],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,115034,125],{"class":124},[45,115036,109],{"class":59},[45,115038,364],{"class":105},[45,115040,118],{"class":59},[45,115042,115043],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,115044,114572],{"class":137},[1864,115046,115047],{"id":111110},[18,115048,102640],{},[157,115050,115051,115053],{},[160,115052,101178],{},[160,115054,101181],{},[36,115056,115058],{"className":38,"code":115057,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[18,115059,115060,115076,115092,115096,115114,115124,115128,115138],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115061,115062,115064,115066,115068,115070,115072,115074],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115063,2548],{"class":51},[45,115065,56],{"class":55},[45,115067,10477],{"class":59},[45,115069,203],{"class":202},[45,115071,73],{"class":59},[45,115073,208],{"class":202},[45,115075,9295],{"class":59},[45,115077,115078,115080,115082,115084,115086,115088,115090],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,115079,2576],{"class":51},[45,115081,56],{"class":55},[45,115083,10477],{"class":59},[45,115085,234],{"class":202},[45,115087,73],{"class":59},[45,115089,213],{"class":202},[45,115091,9295],{"class":59},[45,115093,115094],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115095,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,115097,115098,115100,115102,115104,115106,115108,115110,115112],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,115099,83024],{"class":51},[45,115101,56],{"class":55},[45,115103,56865],{"class":51},[45,115105,102],{"class":59},[45,115107,111110],{"class":105},[45,115109,109],{"class":59},[45,115111,373],{"class":105},[45,115113,118],{"class":59},[45,115115,115116,115118,115120,115122],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,115117,125],{"class":124},[45,115119,109],{"class":59},[45,115121,382],{"class":105},[45,115123,118],{"class":59},[45,115125,115126],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,115127,114572],{"class":137},[45,115129,115130,115132,115134,115136],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,115131,125],{"class":124},[45,115133,109],{"class":59},[45,115135,364],{"class":105},[45,115137,118],{"class":59},[45,115139,115140],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,115141,115142],{"class":137},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115144,107526,115145,115147,115148,115152],{},[18,115146,14940],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[364,115149,115150],{"href":102637},[18,115151,102640],{}," when you want a new set.",[31,115154,115156],{"id":115155},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115158,10735,115159,102],{},[18,115160,97155],{},[1864,115162,115164],{"id":115163},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115166,115167],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[36,115169,115171],{"className":38,"code":115170,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,115172,115173,115189,115211,115215,115225],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115174,115175,115177,115179,115181,115183,115185,115187],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115176,15615],{"class":51},[45,115178,56],{"class":55},[45,115180,10477],{"class":59},[45,115182,203],{"class":202},[45,115184,73],{"class":59},[45,115186,208],{"class":202},[45,115188,9295],{"class":59},[45,115190,115191,115193,115195,115197,115199,115201,115203,115205,115207,115209],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,115192,220],{"class":51},[45,115194,56],{"class":55},[45,115196,96765],{"class":51},[45,115198,102],{"class":59},[45,115200,30445],{"class":105},[45,115202,2979],{"class":59},[45,115204,2056],{"class":202},[45,115206,73],{"class":59},[45,115208,2450],{"class":202},[45,115210,3880],{"class":59},[45,115212,115213],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115214,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,115216,115217,115219,115221,115223],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,115218,125],{"class":124},[45,115220,109],{"class":59},[45,115222,263],{"class":105},[45,115224,118],{"class":59},[45,115226,115227],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,115228,61808],{"class":137},[14,115230,115231,115232,1111],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[18,115233,14940],{},[36,115235,115237],{"className":38,"code":115236,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,115238,115239,115255,115273,115277,115287],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115240,115241,115243,115245,115247,115249,115251,115253],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115242,15615],{"class":51},[45,115244,56],{"class":55},[45,115246,10477],{"class":59},[45,115248,203],{"class":202},[45,115250,73],{"class":59},[45,115252,208],{"class":202},[45,115254,9295],{"class":59},[45,115256,115257,115259,115261,115263,115265,115267,115269,115271],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,115258,15653],{"class":51},[45,115260,102],{"class":59},[45,115262,30445],{"class":105},[45,115264,2979],{"class":59},[45,115266,2056],{"class":202},[45,115268,73],{"class":59},[45,115270,2450],{"class":202},[45,115272,3880],{"class":59},[45,115274,115275],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115276,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,115278,115279,115281,115283,115285],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,115280,125],{"class":124},[45,115282,109],{"class":59},[45,115284,15653],{"class":105},[45,115286,118],{"class":59},[45,115288,115289],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,115290,113871],{"class":137},[1864,115292,115294],{"id":115293},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115296,2830],{},[36,115298,115300],{"className":38,"code":115299,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[18,115301,115302,115318],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115303,115304,115306,115308,115310,115312,115314,115316],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115305,15615],{"class":51},[45,115307,56],{"class":55},[45,115309,10477],{"class":59},[45,115311,203],{"class":202},[45,115313,73],{"class":59},[45,115315,208],{"class":202},[45,115317,9295],{"class":59},[45,115319,115320,115322,115324,115326,115328,115330],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,115321,15653],{"class":51},[45,115323,102],{"class":59},[45,115325,30445],{"class":105},[45,115327,109],{"class":59},[45,115329,2131],{"class":202},[45,115331,118],{"class":59},[14,115333,62262,115334,8585,115336,115338],{},[18,115335,2998],{},[18,115337,2131],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115340,6541],{},[36,115342,115344],{"className":38,"code":115343,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[18,115345,115346,115362,115376,115380,115390],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115347,115348,115350,115352,115354,115356,115358,115360],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115349,15615],{"class":51},[45,115351,56],{"class":55},[45,115353,10477],{"class":59},[45,115355,203],{"class":202},[45,115357,73],{"class":59},[45,115359,208],{"class":202},[45,115361,9295],{"class":59},[45,115363,115364,115366,115368,115370,115372,115374],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,115365,15653],{"class":51},[45,115367,102],{"class":59},[45,115369,30445],{"class":105},[45,115371,2979],{"class":59},[45,115373,2131],{"class":202},[45,115375,3880],{"class":59},[45,115377,115378],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115379,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,115381,115382,115384,115386,115388],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,115383,125],{"class":124},[45,115385,109],{"class":59},[45,115387,15653],{"class":105},[45,115389,118],{"class":59},[45,115391,115392],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,115393,115394],{"class":137},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115396,45895,115397,102],{},[364,115398,25662,115399],{"href":52582},[18,115400,115401],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1864,115403,115405],{"id":115404},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115407,115408],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[36,115410,115412],{"className":38,"code":115411,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115413,115414,115430,115456,115460,115470],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115415,115416,115418,115420,115422,115424,115426,115428],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115417,15615],{"class":51},[45,115419,56],{"class":55},[45,115421,10477],{"class":59},[45,115423,203],{"class":202},[45,115425,73],{"class":59},[45,115427,208],{"class":202},[45,115429,9295],{"class":59},[45,115431,115432,115434,115436,115438,115440,115442,115444,115446,115448,115450,115452,115454],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,115433,15653],{"class":51},[45,115435,102],{"class":59},[45,115437,30445],{"class":105},[45,115439,2979],{"class":59},[45,115441,234],{"class":202},[45,115443,73],{"class":59},[45,115445,208],{"class":202},[45,115447,73],{"class":59},[45,115449,208],{"class":202},[45,115451,73],{"class":59},[45,115453,213],{"class":202},[45,115455,3880],{"class":59},[45,115457,115458],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115459,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,115461,115462,115464,115466,115468],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,115463,125],{"class":124},[45,115465,109],{"class":59},[45,115467,15653],{"class":105},[45,115469,118],{"class":59},[45,115471,115472],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,115473,114572],{"class":137},[1864,115475,115477,115478,1739,115480,115482],{"id":115476},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[18,115479,14940],{},[18,115481,96044],{}," is better",[14,115484,115485,115486,115488],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[18,115487,96044],{}," is usually the better choice.",[36,115490,115492],{"className":38,"code":115491,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,115493,115494,115510,115528,115532,115542],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115495,115496,115498,115500,115502,115504,115506,115508],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115497,15615],{"class":51},[45,115499,56],{"class":55},[45,115501,10477],{"class":59},[45,115503,64],{"class":63},[45,115505,58104],{"class":67},[45,115507,64],{"class":63},[45,115509,9295],{"class":59},[45,115511,115512,115514,115516,115518,115520,115522,115524,115526],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,115513,15653],{"class":51},[45,115515,102],{"class":59},[45,115517,81944],{"class":105},[45,115519,109],{"class":59},[45,115521,64],{"class":63},[45,115523,37027],{"class":67},[45,115525,64],{"class":63},[45,115527,118],{"class":59},[45,115529,115530],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115531,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,115533,115534,115536,115538,115540],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,115535,125],{"class":124},[45,115537,109],{"class":59},[45,115539,15653],{"class":105},[45,115541,118],{"class":59},[45,115543,115544],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,115545,114732],{"class":137},[31,115547,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,115549,175,115551,97134],{"id":115550},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[18,115552,97155],{},[14,115554,97137,115555,102],{},[18,115556,301],{},[1864,115558,28310,115559,32207],{"id":32204},[18,115560,14940],{},[14,115562,115563],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1864,115565,5170,115567,1301,115569,2485],{"id":115566},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[18,115568,96044],{},[18,115570,14940],{},[14,115572,115573,115575,115576,115578],{},[18,115574,96044],{}," adds one item. ",[18,115577,14940],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1864,115580,115582],{"id":115581},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115584,115585,115586,114581],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[18,115587,14940],{},[1864,115589,115591],{"id":115590},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115593,141,115594,11080,115596,102],{},[18,115595,102640],{},[18,115597,14940],{},[31,115599,1909],{"id":1908},[157,115601,115602,115609,115616,115622,115628],{},[160,115603,115604],{},[364,115605,115606],{"href":98341},[18,115607,115608],{},"Python set add() method",[160,115610,115611],{},[364,115612,115613],{"href":102637},[18,115614,115615],{},"Python set union() method",[160,115617,115618],{},[364,115619,115620],{"href":97724},[18,115621,97179],{},[160,115623,115624],{},[364,115625,115626],{"href":98918},[18,115627,100185],{},[160,115629,115630],{},[364,115631,115632,115634],{"href":52582},[18,115633,115401],{}," fix",[14,115636,115637,115638,115640,115641,115643],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[18,115639,96049],{}," for a single value and ",[18,115642,107884],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1936,115645,115646],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":115648},[115649,115650,115652,115653,115654,115655,115656,115657,115659,115664,115671,115680],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":113879,"depth":96,"text":115651},"What set.update() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":21953,"depth":96,"text":21954},{"id":114265,"depth":96,"text":114266},{"id":114368,"depth":96,"text":114369},{"id":114575,"depth":96,"text":114576},{"id":114735,"depth":96,"text":115658},"update() vs add()",{"id":114955,"depth":96,"text":115660,"children":115661},"update() vs union()",[115662,115663],{"id":30445,"depth":121,"text":14940},{"id":111110,"depth":121,"text":102640},{"id":115155,"depth":96,"text":115156,"children":115665},[115666,115667,115668,115669],{"id":115163,"depth":121,"text":115164},{"id":115293,"depth":121,"text":115294},{"id":115404,"depth":121,"text":115405},{"id":115476,"depth":121,"text":115670},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":115672},[115673,115675,115676,115678,115679],{"id":115550,"depth":121,"text":115674},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32204,"depth":121,"text":32277},{"id":115566,"depth":121,"text":115677},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115581,"depth":121,"text":115582},{"id":115590,"depth":121,"text":115591},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113791,"description":115681},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115687,"title":115688,"body":115689,"description":117455,"extension":1958,"meta":117456,"navigation":241,"path":13775,"seo":117457,"stem":117458,"__hash__":117459},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115690,"toc":117430},[115691,115694,115697,115700,115711,115719,115722,115724,115873,115885,115889,115906,115910,115918,115920,115931,115933,116030,116036,116039,116135,116144,116149,116153,116158,116160,116170,116172,116281,116289,116293,116296,116299,116316,116322,116402,116405,116409,116412,116416,116419,116478,116481,116485,116488,116580,116584,116587,116694,116698,116704,116732,116734,116816,116826,116830,116833,116844,116847,116932,116935,116940,116944,116947,116958,116961,117103,117106,117110,117113,117127,117130,117191,117197,117199,117202,117224,117227,117327,117330,117362,117364,117368,117371,117373,117376,117380,117383,117387,117390,117394,117397,117399,117427],[10,115692,115688],{"id":115693},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115695,115696],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115698,115699],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[157,115701,115702,115705,115708],{},[160,115703,115704],{},"a list inside another list",[160,115706,115707],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[160,115709,115710],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115712,100107,115713,1301,115715,115718],{},[26,115714,12837],{},[26,115716,115717],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115720,115721],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[31,115723,34],{"id":33},[36,115725,115727],{"className":38,"code":115726,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115728,115729,115736,115740,115766,115786,115806,115810,115828,115832,115845,115859],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115730,115731,115733],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115732,35072],{"class":969},[45,115734,115735],{"class":51}," copy\n",[45,115737,115738],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,115739,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,115741,115742,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752,115754,115756,115758,115760,115762,115764],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115743,12074],{"class":51},[45,115745,56],{"class":55},[45,115747,56271],{"class":59},[45,115749,203],{"class":202},[45,115751,73],{"class":59},[45,115753,208],{"class":202},[45,115755,18047],{"class":59},[45,115757,60],{"class":59},[45,115759,2056],{"class":202},[45,115761,73],{"class":59},[45,115763,2450],{"class":202},[45,115765,53225],{"class":59},[45,115767,115768,115771,115773,115776,115778,115780,115782,115784],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,115769,115770],{"class":51},"shallow ",[45,115772,56],{"class":55},[45,115774,115775],{"class":51}," copy",[45,115777,102],{"class":59},[45,115779,12898],{"class":105},[45,115781,109],{"class":59},[45,115783,12121],{"class":105},[45,115785,118],{"class":59},[45,115787,115788,115791,115793,115795,115797,115800,115802,115804],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,115789,115790],{"class":51},"deep ",[45,115792,56],{"class":55},[45,115794,115775],{"class":51},[45,115796,102],{"class":59},[45,115798,115799],{"class":105},"deepcopy",[45,115801,109],{"class":59},[45,115803,12121],{"class":105},[45,115805,118],{"class":59},[45,115807,115808],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,115809,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,115811,115812,115814,115816,115818,115820,115822,115824,115826],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,115813,12121],{"class":51},[45,115815,278],{"class":59},[45,115817,2114],{"class":202},[45,115819,13535],{"class":59},[45,115821,13538],{"class":105},[45,115823,109],{"class":59},[45,115825,56324],{"class":202},[45,115827,118],{"class":59},[45,115829,115830],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,115831,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,115833,115834,115836,115838,115840,115842],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,115835,125],{"class":124},[45,115837,109],{"class":59},[45,115839,12121],{"class":105},[45,115841,3654],{"class":59},[45,115843,115844],{"class":137},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[45,115846,115847,115849,115851,115854,115856],{"class":47,"line":6423},[45,115848,125],{"class":124},[45,115850,109],{"class":59},[45,115852,115853],{"class":105},"shallow",[45,115855,3654],{"class":59},[45,115857,115858],{"class":137},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[45,115860,115861,115863,115865,115868,115870],{"class":47,"line":11584},[45,115862,125],{"class":124},[45,115864,109],{"class":59},[45,115866,115867],{"class":105},"deep",[45,115869,3654],{"class":59},[45,115871,115872],{"class":137},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,115874,141,115875,115878,115879,1301,115881,115884],{},[18,115876,115877],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[26,115880,12837],{},[18,115882,115883],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[31,115886,115888],{"id":115887},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[157,115890,115891,115894,115897,115900,115903],{},[160,115892,115893],{},"What a copy means in Python",[160,115895,115896],{},"How shallow copy works",[160,115898,115899],{},"How deep copy works",[160,115901,115902],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[160,115904,115905],{},"When to use each approach",[31,115907,115909],{"id":115908},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,115911,15175,115912,115914,115915,115917],{},[26,115913,12837],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[26,115916,178],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,115919,2101],{},[157,115921,115922,115925,115928],{},[160,115923,115924],{},"the outer container is new",[160,115926,115927],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[160,115929,115930],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,115932,345],{},[36,115934,115936],{"className":38,"code":115935,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[18,115937,115938,115964,115978,115982,116000,116004,116017],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115939,115940,115942,115944,115946,115948,115950,115952,115954,115956,115958,115960,115962],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115941,12074],{"class":51},[45,115943,56],{"class":55},[45,115945,56271],{"class":59},[45,115947,203],{"class":202},[45,115949,73],{"class":59},[45,115951,208],{"class":202},[45,115953,18047],{"class":59},[45,115955,60],{"class":59},[45,115957,2056],{"class":202},[45,115959,73],{"class":59},[45,115961,2450],{"class":202},[45,115963,53225],{"class":59},[45,115965,115966,115968,115970,115972,115974,115976],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,115967,14297],{"class":51},[45,115969,56],{"class":55},[45,115971,12149],{"class":51},[45,115973,102],{"class":59},[45,115975,12898],{"class":105},[45,115977,8627],{"class":59},[45,115979,115980],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115981,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,115983,115984,115986,115988,115990,115992,115994,115996,115998],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,115985,14316],{"class":51},[45,115987,102],{"class":59},[45,115989,13538],{"class":105},[45,115991,2979],{"class":59},[45,115993,2131],{"class":202},[45,115995,73],{"class":59},[45,115997,37624],{"class":202},[45,115999,3880],{"class":59},[45,116001,116002],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,116003,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116005,116006,116008,116010,116012,116014],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,116007,125],{"class":124},[45,116009,109],{"class":59},[45,116011,12121],{"class":105},[45,116013,3654],{"class":59},[45,116015,116016],{"class":137},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[45,116018,116019,116021,116023,116025,116027],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,116020,125],{"class":124},[45,116022,109],{"class":59},[45,116024,14316],{"class":105},[45,116026,3654],{"class":59},[45,116028,116029],{"class":137},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,116031,116032,116033,116035],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[18,116034,14316],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,116037,116038],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[36,116040,116042],{"className":38,"code":116041,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116043,116044,116070,116084,116088,116106,116110,116122],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116045,116046,116048,116050,116052,116054,116056,116058,116060,116062,116064,116066,116068],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116047,12074],{"class":51},[45,116049,56],{"class":55},[45,116051,56271],{"class":59},[45,116053,203],{"class":202},[45,116055,73],{"class":59},[45,116057,208],{"class":202},[45,116059,18047],{"class":59},[45,116061,60],{"class":59},[45,116063,2056],{"class":202},[45,116065,73],{"class":59},[45,116067,2450],{"class":202},[45,116069,53225],{"class":59},[45,116071,116072,116074,116076,116078,116080,116082],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,116073,14297],{"class":51},[45,116075,56],{"class":55},[45,116077,12149],{"class":51},[45,116079,102],{"class":59},[45,116081,12898],{"class":105},[45,116083,8627],{"class":59},[45,116085,116086],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116087,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116089,116090,116092,116094,116096,116098,116100,116102,116104],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,116091,14316],{"class":51},[45,116093,278],{"class":59},[45,116095,2114],{"class":202},[45,116097,13535],{"class":59},[45,116099,13538],{"class":105},[45,116101,109],{"class":59},[45,116103,56324],{"class":202},[45,116105,118],{"class":59},[45,116107,116108],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,116109,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116111,116112,116114,116116,116118,116120],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,116113,125],{"class":124},[45,116115,109],{"class":59},[45,116117,12121],{"class":105},[45,116119,3654],{"class":59},[45,116121,115844],{"class":137},[45,116123,116124,116126,116128,116130,116132],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,116125,125],{"class":124},[45,116127,109],{"class":59},[45,116129,14316],{"class":105},[45,116131,3654],{"class":59},[45,116133,116134],{"class":137},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116136,116137,116138,1301,116140,116143],{},"Both changed because ",[18,116139,56428],{},[18,116141,116142],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116145,116146,116147,102],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[364,116148,43918],{"href":12053},[31,116150,116152],{"id":116151},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116154,15175,116155,116157],{},[26,116156,115717],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116159,2101],{},[157,116161,116162,116164,116167],{},[160,116163,115924],{},[160,116165,116166],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[160,116168,116169],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116171,345],{},[36,116173,116175],{"className":38,"code":116174,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116176,116177,116183,116187,116213,116231,116235,116253,116257,116269],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116178,116179,116181],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116180,35072],{"class":969},[45,116182,115735],{"class":51},[45,116184,116185],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,116186,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116188,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209,116211],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116190,12074],{"class":51},[45,116192,56],{"class":55},[45,116194,56271],{"class":59},[45,116196,203],{"class":202},[45,116198,73],{"class":59},[45,116200,208],{"class":202},[45,116202,18047],{"class":59},[45,116204,60],{"class":59},[45,116206,2056],{"class":202},[45,116208,73],{"class":59},[45,116210,2450],{"class":202},[45,116212,53225],{"class":59},[45,116214,116215,116217,116219,116221,116223,116225,116227,116229],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,116216,14297],{"class":51},[45,116218,56],{"class":55},[45,116220,115775],{"class":51},[45,116222,102],{"class":59},[45,116224,115799],{"class":105},[45,116226,109],{"class":59},[45,116228,12121],{"class":105},[45,116230,118],{"class":59},[45,116232,116233],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,116234,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116236,116237,116239,116241,116243,116245,116247,116249,116251],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,116238,14316],{"class":51},[45,116240,278],{"class":59},[45,116242,2114],{"class":202},[45,116244,13535],{"class":59},[45,116246,13538],{"class":105},[45,116248,109],{"class":59},[45,116250,56324],{"class":202},[45,116252,118],{"class":59},[45,116254,116255],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,116256,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116258,116259,116261,116263,116265,116267],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,116260,125],{"class":124},[45,116262,109],{"class":59},[45,116264,12121],{"class":105},[45,116266,3654],{"class":59},[45,116268,116016],{"class":137},[45,116270,116271,116273,116275,116277,116279],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,116272,125],{"class":124},[45,116274,109],{"class":59},[45,116276,14316],{"class":105},[45,116278,3654],{"class":59},[45,116280,116134],{"class":137},[14,116282,116283,116284,116286,116287,102],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[18,116285,116142],{}," does not change ",[18,116288,56428],{},[31,116290,116292],{"id":116291},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116294,116295],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116297,116298],{},"Common reasons:",[157,116300,116301,116304,116307,116313],{},[160,116302,116303],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[160,116305,116306],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[160,116308,116309,116310,116312],{},"Assignment with ",[18,116311,56],{}," does not make a copy",[160,116314,116315],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116317,116318,116319,116321],{},"For example, this does ",[26,116320,178],{}," create a copy:",[36,116323,116325],{"className":38,"code":116324,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116326,116327,116347,116355,116359,116373,116377,116389],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116328,116329,116331,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341,116343,116345],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116330,12074],{"class":51},[45,116332,56],{"class":55},[45,116334,60],{"class":59},[45,116336,203],{"class":202},[45,116338,73],{"class":59},[45,116340,208],{"class":202},[45,116342,73],{"class":59},[45,116344,213],{"class":202},[45,116346,93],{"class":59},[45,116348,116349,116351,116353],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,116350,14297],{"class":51},[45,116352,56],{"class":55},[45,116354,12112],{"class":51},[45,116356,116357],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116358,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116360,116361,116363,116365,116367,116369,116371],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,116362,14316],{"class":51},[45,116364,102],{"class":59},[45,116366,13538],{"class":105},[45,116368,109],{"class":59},[45,116370,2498],{"class":202},[45,116372,118],{"class":59},[45,116374,116375],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,116376,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116378,116379,116381,116383,116385,116387],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,116380,125],{"class":124},[45,116382,109],{"class":59},[45,116384,12121],{"class":105},[45,116386,3654],{"class":59},[45,116388,55678],{"class":137},[45,116390,116391,116393,116395,116397,116399],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,116392,125],{"class":124},[45,116394,109],{"class":59},[45,116396,14316],{"class":105},[45,116398,3654],{"class":59},[45,116400,116401],{"class":137},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116403,116404],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[31,116406,116408],{"id":116407},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116410,116411],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1864,116413,116415],{"id":116414},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116417,116418],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[36,116420,116422],{"className":38,"code":116421,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[18,116423,116424,116450,116458,116462],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116425,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446,116448],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116427,12074],{"class":51},[45,116429,56],{"class":55},[45,116431,56271],{"class":59},[45,116433,203],{"class":202},[45,116435,73],{"class":59},[45,116437,208],{"class":202},[45,116439,18047],{"class":59},[45,116441,60],{"class":59},[45,116443,2056],{"class":202},[45,116445,73],{"class":59},[45,116447,2450],{"class":202},[45,116449,53225],{"class":59},[45,116451,116452,116454,116456],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,116453,14088],{"class":51},[45,116455,56],{"class":55},[45,116457,12112],{"class":51},[45,116459,116460],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116461,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116463,116464,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474,116476],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,116465,125],{"class":124},[45,116467,109],{"class":59},[45,116469,12074],{"class":105},[45,116471,12182],{"class":969},[45,116473,14156],{"class":105},[45,116475,3654],{"class":59},[45,116477,3657],{"class":137},[14,116479,116480],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1864,116482,116484],{"id":116483},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116486,116487],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[36,116489,116491],{"className":38,"code":116490,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[18,116492,116493,116519,116533,116537,116554],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116494,116495,116497,116499,116501,116503,116505,116507,116509,116511,116513,116515,116517],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116496,12074],{"class":51},[45,116498,56],{"class":55},[45,116500,56271],{"class":59},[45,116502,203],{"class":202},[45,116504,73],{"class":59},[45,116506,208],{"class":202},[45,116508,18047],{"class":59},[45,116510,60],{"class":59},[45,116512,2056],{"class":202},[45,116514,73],{"class":59},[45,116516,2450],{"class":202},[45,116518,53225],{"class":59},[45,116520,116521,116523,116525,116527,116529,116531],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,116522,115770],{"class":51},[45,116524,56],{"class":55},[45,116526,12149],{"class":51},[45,116528,102],{"class":59},[45,116530,12898],{"class":105},[45,116532,8627],{"class":59},[45,116534,116535],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116536,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116538,116539,116541,116543,116545,116547,116550,116552],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,116540,125],{"class":124},[45,116542,109],{"class":59},[45,116544,12074],{"class":105},[45,116546,12182],{"class":969},[45,116548,116549],{"class":105}," shallow",[45,116551,3654],{"class":59},[45,116553,21186],{"class":137},[45,116555,116556,116558,116560,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572,116574,116576,116578],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,116557,125],{"class":124},[45,116559,109],{"class":59},[45,116561,12121],{"class":105},[45,116563,278],{"class":59},[45,116565,2114],{"class":202},[45,116567,13258],{"class":59},[45,116569,8082],{"class":969},[45,116571,116549],{"class":105},[45,116573,278],{"class":59},[45,116575,2114],{"class":202},[45,116577,20432],{"class":59},[45,116579,3657],{"class":137},[1864,116581,116583],{"id":116582},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116585,116586],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[36,116588,116590],{"className":38,"code":116589,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[18,116591,116592,116598,116602,116628,116646,116650,116668],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116593,116594,116596],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116595,35072],{"class":969},[45,116597,115735],{"class":51},[45,116599,116600],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,116601,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116603,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618,116620,116622,116624,116626],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116605,12074],{"class":51},[45,116607,56],{"class":55},[45,116609,56271],{"class":59},[45,116611,203],{"class":202},[45,116613,73],{"class":59},[45,116615,208],{"class":202},[45,116617,18047],{"class":59},[45,116619,60],{"class":59},[45,116621,2056],{"class":202},[45,116623,73],{"class":59},[45,116625,2450],{"class":202},[45,116627,53225],{"class":59},[45,116629,116630,116632,116634,116636,116638,116640,116642,116644],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,116631,115790],{"class":51},[45,116633,56],{"class":55},[45,116635,115775],{"class":51},[45,116637,102],{"class":59},[45,116639,115799],{"class":105},[45,116641,109],{"class":59},[45,116643,12121],{"class":105},[45,116645,118],{"class":59},[45,116647,116648],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,116649,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116651,116652,116654,116656,116658,116660,116663,116665],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,116653,125],{"class":124},[45,116655,109],{"class":59},[45,116657,12074],{"class":105},[45,116659,12182],{"class":969},[45,116661,116662],{"class":105}," deep",[45,116664,3654],{"class":59},[45,116666,116667],{"class":137},"         # False\n",[45,116669,116670,116672,116674,116676,116678,116680,116682,116684,116686,116688,116690,116692],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,116671,125],{"class":124},[45,116673,109],{"class":59},[45,116675,12121],{"class":105},[45,116677,278],{"class":59},[45,116679,2114],{"class":202},[45,116681,13258],{"class":59},[45,116683,8082],{"class":969},[45,116685,116662],{"class":105},[45,116687,278],{"class":59},[45,116689,2114],{"class":202},[45,116691,20432],{"class":59},[45,116693,43854],{"class":137},[31,116695,116697],{"id":116696},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116699,116700,116701,1111],{},"These all make ",[26,116702,116703],{},"shallow copies",[157,116705,116706,116710,116714,116719,116725],{},[160,116707,116708],{},[18,116709,55578],{},[160,116711,116712],{},[18,116713,12423],{},[160,116715,116716],{},[18,116717,116718],{},"set.copy()",[160,116720,116721,116722],{},"list slicing like ",[18,116723,116724],{},"my_list[:]",[160,116726,116727,116729,116730,35062],{},[18,116728,115877],{}," from the ",[18,116731,12898],{},[14,116733,2120],{},[36,116735,116737],{"className":38,"code":116736,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,116738,116739,116759,116763,116777,116788,116792,116804],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116740,116741,116743,116745,116747,116749,116751,116753,116755,116757],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116742,195],{"class":51},[45,116744,56],{"class":55},[45,116746,60],{"class":59},[45,116748,203],{"class":202},[45,116750,73],{"class":59},[45,116752,208],{"class":202},[45,116754,73],{"class":59},[45,116756,213],{"class":202},[45,116758,93],{"class":59},[45,116760,116761],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,116762,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116764,116765,116767,116769,116771,116773,116775],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116766,2548],{"class":51},[45,116768,56],{"class":55},[45,116770,225],{"class":51},[45,116772,102],{"class":59},[45,116774,12898],{"class":105},[45,116776,8627],{"class":59},[45,116778,116779,116781,116783,116785],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,116780,2576],{"class":51},[45,116782,56],{"class":55},[45,116784,225],{"class":51},[45,116786,116787],{"class":59},"[:]\n",[45,116789,116790],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,116791,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116793,116794,116796,116798,116800,116802],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,116795,125],{"class":124},[45,116797,109],{"class":59},[45,116799,364],{"class":105},[45,116801,3654],{"class":59},[45,116803,54915],{"class":137},[45,116805,116806,116808,116810,116812,116814],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,116807,125],{"class":124},[45,116809,109],{"class":59},[45,116811,373],{"class":105},[45,116813,3654],{"class":59},[45,116815,54915],{"class":137},[14,116817,1561,116818,47515,116822,102],{},[364,116819,116820,10728],{"href":54943},[18,116821,55578],{},[364,116823,116824,10728],{"href":12420},[18,116825,12423],{},[31,116827,116829],{"id":116828},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,116831,116832],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[157,116834,116835,116838,116841],{},[160,116836,116837],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[160,116839,116840],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[160,116842,116843],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,116845,116846],{},"Example with a flat list:",[36,116848,116850],{"className":38,"code":116849,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116851,116852,116872,116886,116890,116904,116908,116920],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116853,116854,116856,116858,116860,116862,116864,116866,116868,116870],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116855,12074],{"class":51},[45,116857,56],{"class":55},[45,116859,60],{"class":59},[45,116861,203],{"class":202},[45,116863,73],{"class":59},[45,116865,208],{"class":202},[45,116867,73],{"class":59},[45,116869,213],{"class":202},[45,116871,93],{"class":59},[45,116873,116874,116876,116878,116880,116882,116884],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,116875,14297],{"class":51},[45,116877,56],{"class":55},[45,116879,12149],{"class":51},[45,116881,102],{"class":59},[45,116883,12898],{"class":105},[45,116885,8627],{"class":59},[45,116887,116888],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116889,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116891,116892,116894,116896,116898,116900,116902],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,116893,14316],{"class":51},[45,116895,102],{"class":59},[45,116897,13538],{"class":105},[45,116899,109],{"class":59},[45,116901,2498],{"class":202},[45,116903,118],{"class":59},[45,116905,116906],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,116907,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116909,116910,116912,116914,116916,116918],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,116911,125],{"class":124},[45,116913,109],{"class":59},[45,116915,12121],{"class":105},[45,116917,3654],{"class":59},[45,116919,54915],{"class":137},[45,116921,116922,116924,116926,116928,116930],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,116923,125],{"class":124},[45,116925,109],{"class":59},[45,116927,14316],{"class":105},[45,116929,3654],{"class":59},[45,116931,116401],{"class":137},[14,116933,116934],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,116936,116937,116938,102],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[364,116939,14874],{"href":57197},[31,116941,116943],{"id":116942},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,116945,116946],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[157,116948,116949,116952,116955],{},[160,116950,116951],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[160,116953,116954],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[160,116956,116957],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,116959,116960],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[36,116962,116964],{"className":38,"code":116963,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[18,116965,116966,116972,116976,117002,117016,117034,117038,117060,117064,117077,117090],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116967,116968,116970],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116969,35072],{"class":969},[45,116971,115735],{"class":51},[45,116973,116974],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,116975,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,116977,116978,116980,116982,116984,116986,116988,116990,116992,116994,116996,116998,117000],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116979,12074],{"class":51},[45,116981,56],{"class":55},[45,116983,10477],{"class":59},[45,116985,64],{"class":63},[45,116987,607],{"class":67},[45,116989,64],{"class":63},[45,116991,1111],{"class":59},[45,116993,60],{"class":59},[45,116995,585],{"class":202},[45,116997,73],{"class":59},[45,116999,590],{"class":202},[45,117001,13691],{"class":59},[45,117003,117004,117006,117008,117010,117012,117014],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,117005,115770],{"class":51},[45,117007,56],{"class":55},[45,117009,12149],{"class":51},[45,117011,102],{"class":59},[45,117013,12898],{"class":105},[45,117015,8627],{"class":59},[45,117017,117018,117020,117022,117024,117026,117028,117030,117032],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,117019,115790],{"class":51},[45,117021,56],{"class":55},[45,117023,115775],{"class":51},[45,117025,102],{"class":59},[45,117027,115799],{"class":105},[45,117029,109],{"class":59},[45,117031,12121],{"class":105},[45,117033,118],{"class":59},[45,117035,117036],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,117037,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,117039,117040,117042,117044,117046,117048,117050,117052,117054,117056,117058],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,117041,12121],{"class":51},[45,117043,278],{"class":59},[45,117045,64],{"class":63},[45,117047,607],{"class":67},[45,117049,64],{"class":63},[45,117051,13535],{"class":59},[45,117053,13538],{"class":105},[45,117055,109],{"class":59},[45,117057,616],{"class":202},[45,117059,118],{"class":59},[45,117061,117062],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,117063,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,117065,117066,117068,117070,117072,117074],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,117067,125],{"class":124},[45,117069,109],{"class":59},[45,117071,12121],{"class":105},[45,117073,3654],{"class":59},[45,117075,117076],{"class":137},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[45,117078,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087],{"class":47,"line":6423},[45,117080,125],{"class":124},[45,117082,109],{"class":59},[45,117084,115853],{"class":105},[45,117086,3654],{"class":59},[45,117088,117089],{"class":137},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[45,117091,117092,117094,117096,117098,117100],{"class":47,"line":11584},[45,117093,125],{"class":124},[45,117095,109],{"class":59},[45,117097,115867],{"class":105},[45,117099,3654],{"class":59},[45,117101,117102],{"class":137},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117104,117105],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[31,117107,117109],{"id":117108},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117111,117112],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[157,117114,117115,117118,117121,117124],{},[160,117116,117117],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[160,117119,117120],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[160,117122,117123],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[160,117125,117126],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117128,117129],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[36,117131,117133],{"className":38,"code":117132,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[18,117134,117135,117143,117151,117155,117163,117167,117179],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117136,117137,117139,117141],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117138,2548],{"class":51},[45,117140,56],{"class":55},[45,117142,2581],{"class":202},[45,117144,117145,117147,117149],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,117146,2576],{"class":51},[45,117148,56],{"class":55},[45,117150,36155],{"class":51},[45,117152,117153],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,117154,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,117156,117157,117159,117161],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,117158,2576],{"class":51},[45,117160,56],{"class":55},[45,117162,14600],{"class":202},[45,117164,117165],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,117166,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,117168,117169,117171,117173,117175,117177],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,117170,125],{"class":124},[45,117172,109],{"class":59},[45,117174,364],{"class":105},[45,117176,3654],{"class":59},[45,117178,26777],{"class":137},[45,117180,117181,117183,117185,117187,117189],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,117182,125],{"class":124},[45,117184,109],{"class":59},[45,117186,373],{"class":105},[45,117188,3654],{"class":59},[45,117190,27597],{"class":137},[14,117192,93349,117193,117196],{},[364,117194,117195],{"href":12053},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[31,117198,1709],{"id":1708},[14,117200,117201],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[157,117203,117204,117208,117213,117218,117221],{},[160,117205,1736,117206,56761],{},[18,117207,56],{},[160,117209,1736,117210,117212],{},[18,117211,55578],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[160,117214,1736,117215,117217],{},[18,117216,12423],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[160,117219,117220],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[160,117222,117223],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117225,117226],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[36,117228,117230],{"className":38,"code":117229,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[18,117231,117232,117246,117260,117282,117313],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117233,117234,117236,117238,117240,117242,117244],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117235,125],{"class":124},[45,117237,109],{"class":59},[45,117239,12074],{"class":105},[45,117241,12182],{"class":969},[45,117243,14370],{"class":105},[45,117245,118],{"class":59},[45,117247,117248,117250,117252,117254,117256,117258],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,117249,125],{"class":124},[45,117251,109],{"class":59},[45,117253,12074],{"class":105},[45,117255,4679],{"class":55},[45,117257,14370],{"class":105},[45,117259,118],{"class":59},[45,117261,117262,117264,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274,117276,117278,117280],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,117263,125],{"class":124},[45,117265,109],{"class":59},[45,117267,12637],{"class":124},[45,117269,109],{"class":59},[45,117271,12121],{"class":105},[45,117273,9219],{"class":59},[45,117275,14802],{"class":124},[45,117277,109],{"class":59},[45,117279,14316],{"class":105},[45,117281,1802],{"class":59},[45,117283,117284,117286,117288,117290,117292,117294,117296,117298,117301,117303,117305,117307,117309,117311],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,117285,125],{"class":124},[45,117287,109],{"class":59},[45,117289,12637],{"class":124},[45,117291,109],{"class":59},[45,117293,12121],{"class":105},[45,117295,278],{"class":59},[45,117297,2114],{"class":202},[45,117299,117300],{"class":59},"]),",[45,117302,14802],{"class":124},[45,117304,109],{"class":59},[45,117306,14316],{"class":105},[45,117308,278],{"class":59},[45,117310,2114],{"class":202},[45,117312,2992],{"class":59},[45,117314,117315,117317,117319,117321,117323,117325],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,117316,125],{"class":124},[45,117318,109],{"class":59},[45,117320,1811],{"class":315},[45,117322,109],{"class":59},[45,117324,12121],{"class":105},[45,117326,1802],{"class":59},[14,117328,117329],{},"What they tell you:",[157,117331,117332,117337,117342,117347,117357],{},[160,117333,117334,117336],{},[18,117335,12182],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[160,117338,117339,117341],{},[18,117340,4679],{}," checks whether values are equal",[160,117343,117344,117346],{},[18,117345,43470],{}," shows the identity of an object",[160,117348,117349,117350,1301,117353,117356],{},"comparing ",[18,117351,117352],{},"id(original[0])",[18,117354,117355],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[160,117358,117359,117361],{},[18,117360,2297],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[31,117363,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,117365,117367],{"id":117366},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117369,117370],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1864,117372,57247],{"id":57162},[14,117374,117375],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1864,117377,117379],{"id":117378},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117381,117382],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1864,117384,117386],{"id":117385},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117388,117389],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1864,117391,117393],{"id":117392},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117395,117396],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[31,117398,1909],{"id":1908},[157,117400,117401,117406,117412,117418,117422],{},[160,117402,117403],{},[364,117404,117405],{"href":12053},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[160,117407,117408],{},[364,117409,3569,117410,10728],{"href":54943},[18,117411,55578],{},[160,117413,117414],{},[364,117415,3569,117416,10728],{"href":12420},[18,117417,12423],{},[160,117419,117420],{},[364,117421,14951],{"href":57197},[160,117423,117424],{},[364,117425,117426],{"href":58471},"What is a list in Python?",[1936,117428,117429],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":117431},[117432,117433,117434,117435,117436,117437,117442,117443,117444,117445,117446,117447,117454],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":115887,"depth":96,"text":115888},{"id":115908,"depth":96,"text":115909},{"id":116151,"depth":96,"text":116152},{"id":116291,"depth":96,"text":116292},{"id":116407,"depth":96,"text":116408,"children":117438},[117439,117440,117441],{"id":116414,"depth":121,"text":116415},{"id":116483,"depth":121,"text":116484},{"id":116582,"depth":121,"text":116583},{"id":116696,"depth":96,"text":116697},{"id":116828,"depth":96,"text":116829},{"id":116942,"depth":96,"text":116943},{"id":117108,"depth":96,"text":117109},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":117448},[117449,117450,117451,117452,117453],{"id":117366,"depth":121,"text":117367},{"id":57162,"depth":121,"text":57247},{"id":117378,"depth":121,"text":117379},{"id":117385,"depth":121,"text":117386},{"id":117392,"depth":121,"text":117393},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115688,"description":117455},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117461,"title":117462,"body":117463,"description":119320,"extension":1958,"meta":119321,"navigation":241,"path":119322,"seo":119323,"stem":119324,"__hash__":119325},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117464,"toc":119278},[117465,117470,117475,117483,117485,117553,117558,117563,117578,117581,117583,117614,117616,117636,117639,117654,117656,117659,117732,117734,117779,117781,117792,117797,117801,117806,117809,117848,117850,117870,117873,117930,117932,117967,117970,118009,118011,118031,118034,118065,118067,118123,118125,118130,118201,118203,118236,118241,118246,118311,118313,118350,118353,118430,118432,118492,118499,118504,118507,118510,118591,118593,118634,118639,118642,118720,118722,118755,118764,118771,118774,118785,118788,118799,118803,118811,118820,118824,118829,118833,118838,118881,118884,118890,118893,118895,118942,118947,118951,118954,119003,119005,119026,119029,119031,119056,119059,119180,119185,119187,119192,119195,119200,119203,119211,119216,119223,119226,119234,119237,119239,119275],[10,117466,3569,117468,3573],{"id":117467},"python-sorted-function-explained",[18,117469,74262],{},[14,117471,117472,117474],{},[18,117473,74262],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117476,117477,117478,2185,117480,117482],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[18,117479,77705],{},[18,117481,74262],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[31,117484,3603],{"id":3602},[36,117486,117488],{"className":38,"code":117487,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[18,117489,117490,117510,117524,117528,117540],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117491,117492,117494,117496,117498,117500,117502,117504,117506,117508],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117493,195],{"class":51},[45,117495,56],{"class":55},[45,117497,60],{"class":59},[45,117499,2056],{"class":202},[45,117501,73],{"class":59},[45,117503,5488],{"class":202},[45,117505,73],{"class":59},[45,117507,208],{"class":202},[45,117509,93],{"class":59},[45,117511,117512,117514,117516,117518,117520,117522],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,117513,220],{"class":51},[45,117515,56],{"class":55},[45,117517,74396],{"class":124},[45,117519,109],{"class":59},[45,117521,251],{"class":105},[45,117523,118],{"class":59},[45,117525,117526],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,117527,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,117529,117530,117532,117534,117536,117538],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,117531,125],{"class":124},[45,117533,109],{"class":59},[45,117535,263],{"class":105},[45,117537,3654],{"class":59},[45,117539,55665],{"class":137},[45,117541,117542,117544,117546,117548,117550],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,117543,125],{"class":124},[45,117545,109],{"class":59},[45,117547,251],{"class":105},[45,117549,3654],{"class":59},[45,117551,117552],{"class":137},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117554,117555,117557],{},[18,117556,74262],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[31,117559,3671,117561,3674],{"id":117560},"what-sorted-does",[18,117562,74262],{},[157,117564,117565,117569,117572,117575],{},[160,117566,117567,62903],{},[18,117568,74262],{},[160,117570,117571],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[160,117573,117574],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[160,117576,117577],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117579,117580],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[31,117582,2153],{"id":2152},[36,117584,117586],{"className":38,"code":117585,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,117587,117588],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117589,117590,117592,117594,117596,117598,117600,117602,117604,117606,117608,117610,117612],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117591,74352],{"class":124},[45,117593,109],{"class":59},[45,117595,3714],{"class":105},[45,117597,73],{"class":59},[45,117599,21564],{"class":9161},[45,117601,56],{"class":55},[45,117603,301],{"class":291},[45,117605,73],{"class":59},[45,117607,77908],{"class":9161},[45,117609,56],{"class":55},[45,117611,3667],{"class":291},[45,117613,118],{"class":59},[1864,117615,17381],{"id":17380},[157,117617,117618,117623,117628],{},[160,117619,117620,117622],{},[18,117621,3714],{},": the values to sort",[160,117624,117625,117627],{},[18,117626,14827],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[160,117629,117630,117632,117633,117635],{},[18,117631,73415],{},": set to ",[18,117634,3598],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117637,117638],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[36,117640,117642],{"className":38,"code":117641,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"sorted(my_values)\n",[18,117643,117644],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117645,117646,117648,117650,117652],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117647,74352],{"class":124},[45,117649,109],{"class":59},[45,117651,60284],{"class":105},[45,117653,118],{"class":59},[31,117655,11464],{"id":11463},[14,117657,117658],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[36,117660,117662],{"className":38,"code":117661,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,117663,117664,117688,117692,117707,117711,117722],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117665,117666,117668,117670,117672,117674,117676,117678,117680,117682,117684,117686],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117667,195],{"class":51},[45,117669,56],{"class":55},[45,117671,60],{"class":59},[45,117673,2131],{"class":202},[45,117675,73],{"class":59},[45,117677,208],{"class":202},[45,117679,73],{"class":59},[45,117681,6347],{"class":202},[45,117683,73],{"class":59},[45,117685,5488],{"class":202},[45,117687,93],{"class":59},[45,117689,117690],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,117691,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,117693,117694,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,117695,117696],{"class":51},"sorted_numbers ",[45,117698,56],{"class":55},[45,117700,74396],{"class":124},[45,117702,109],{"class":59},[45,117704,251],{"class":105},[45,117706,118],{"class":59},[45,117708,117709],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,117710,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,117712,117713,117715,117717,117720],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,117714,125],{"class":124},[45,117716,109],{"class":59},[45,117718,117719],{"class":105},"sorted_numbers",[45,117721,118],{"class":59},[45,117723,117724,117726,117728,117730],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,117725,125],{"class":124},[45,117727,109],{"class":59},[45,117729,251],{"class":105},[45,117731,118],{"class":59},[14,117733,268],{},[36,117735,117737],{"className":38,"code":117736,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[18,117738,117739,117759],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117740,117741,117743,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755,117757],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117742,278],{"class":59},[45,117744,203],{"class":202},[45,117746,73],{"class":59},[45,117748,208],{"class":202},[45,117750,73],{"class":59},[45,117752,4596],{"class":202},[45,117754,73],{"class":59},[45,117756,6347],{"class":202},[45,117758,93],{"class":59},[45,117760,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771,117773,117775,117777],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,117762,278],{"class":59},[45,117764,2131],{"class":202},[45,117766,73],{"class":59},[45,117768,208],{"class":202},[45,117770,73],{"class":59},[45,117772,6347],{"class":202},[45,117774,73],{"class":59},[45,117776,5488],{"class":202},[45,117778,93],{"class":59},[14,117780,13748],{},[157,117782,117783,117788],{},[160,117784,117785,117787],{},[18,117786,117719],{}," is a new sorted list",[160,117789,117790,112324],{},[18,117791,251],{},[14,117793,117794,117795,102],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[364,117796,78215],{"href":78214},[31,117798,117800],{"id":117799},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,117802,117803,117805],{},[18,117804,74262],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1864,117807,117808],{"id":316},"List",[36,117810,117812],{"className":38,"code":117811,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,117813,117814,117834],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117815,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824,117826,117828,117830,117832],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117817,195],{"class":51},[45,117819,56],{"class":55},[45,117821,60],{"class":59},[45,117823,2056],{"class":202},[45,117825,73],{"class":59},[45,117827,5488],{"class":202},[45,117829,73],{"class":59},[45,117831,208],{"class":202},[45,117833,93],{"class":59},[45,117835,117836,117838,117840,117842,117844,117846],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,117837,125],{"class":124},[45,117839,109],{"class":59},[45,117841,74352],{"class":124},[45,117843,109],{"class":59},[45,117845,251],{"class":105},[45,117847,1802],{"class":59},[14,117849,268],{},[36,117851,117852],{"className":38,"code":55129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,117853,117854],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117855,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866,117868],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117857,278],{"class":59},[45,117859,203],{"class":202},[45,117861,73],{"class":59},[45,117863,208],{"class":202},[45,117865,73],{"class":59},[45,117867,213],{"class":202},[45,117869,93],{"class":59},[1864,117871,117872],{"id":48935},"Tuple",[36,117874,117876],{"className":38,"code":117875,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[18,117877,117878,117898,117912],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117879,117880,117882,117884,117886,117888,117890,117892,117894,117896],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117881,3816],{"class":51},[45,117883,56],{"class":55},[45,117885,9222],{"class":59},[45,117887,2056],{"class":202},[45,117889,73],{"class":59},[45,117891,5488],{"class":202},[45,117893,73],{"class":59},[45,117895,208],{"class":202},[45,117897,118],{"class":59},[45,117899,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,117901,125],{"class":124},[45,117903,109],{"class":59},[45,117905,74352],{"class":124},[45,117907,109],{"class":59},[45,117909,5350],{"class":105},[45,117911,1802],{"class":59},[45,117913,117914,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,117915,125],{"class":124},[45,117917,109],{"class":59},[45,117919,1811],{"class":315},[45,117921,109],{"class":59},[45,117923,74352],{"class":124},[45,117925,109],{"class":59},[45,117927,5350],{"class":105},[45,117929,2905],{"class":59},[14,117931,268],{},[36,117933,117935],{"className":38,"code":117934,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,117936,117937,117953],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117938,117939,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949,117951],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117940,278],{"class":59},[45,117942,203],{"class":202},[45,117944,73],{"class":59},[45,117946,208],{"class":202},[45,117948,73],{"class":59},[45,117950,213],{"class":202},[45,117952,93],{"class":59},[45,117954,117955,117957,117959,117961,117963,117965],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,117956,3284],{"class":55},[45,117958,3287],{"class":2059},[45,117960,438],{"class":63},[45,117962,316],{"class":67},[45,117964,429],{"class":63},[45,117966,3296],{"class":55},[1864,117968,117969],{"id":6274},"Set",[36,117971,117973],{"className":38,"code":117972,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,117974,117975,117995],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117976,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117978,3816],{"class":51},[45,117980,56],{"class":55},[45,117982,10477],{"class":59},[45,117984,2056],{"class":202},[45,117986,73],{"class":59},[45,117988,5488],{"class":202},[45,117990,73],{"class":59},[45,117992,208],{"class":202},[45,117994,9295],{"class":59},[45,117996,117997,117999,118001,118003,118005,118007],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,117998,125],{"class":124},[45,118000,109],{"class":59},[45,118002,74352],{"class":124},[45,118004,109],{"class":59},[45,118006,5350],{"class":105},[45,118008,1802],{"class":59},[14,118010,268],{},[36,118012,118013],{"className":38,"code":55129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,118014,118015],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118016,118017,118019,118021,118023,118025,118027,118029],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118018,278],{"class":59},[45,118020,203],{"class":202},[45,118022,73],{"class":59},[45,118024,208],{"class":202},[45,118026,73],{"class":59},[45,118028,213],{"class":202},[45,118030,93],{"class":59},[1864,118032,118033],{"id":61151},"String",[36,118035,118037],{"className":38,"code":118036,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[18,118038,118039,118051],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118040,118041,118043,118045,118047,118049],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118042,34669],{"class":51},[45,118044,56],{"class":55},[45,118046,76],{"class":63},[45,118048,40],{"class":67},[45,118050,1194],{"class":63},[45,118052,118053,118055,118057,118059,118061,118063],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,118054,125],{"class":124},[45,118056,109],{"class":59},[45,118058,74352],{"class":124},[45,118060,109],{"class":59},[45,118062,34690],{"class":105},[45,118064,1802],{"class":59},[14,118066,268],{},[36,118068,118069],{"className":38,"code":79232,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,118070,118071],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118072,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118074,278],{"class":59},[45,118076,429],{"class":63},[45,118078,60415],{"class":67},[45,118080,429],{"class":63},[45,118082,73],{"class":59},[45,118084,438],{"class":63},[45,118086,75868],{"class":67},[45,118088,429],{"class":63},[45,118090,73],{"class":59},[45,118092,438],{"class":63},[45,118094,60450],{"class":67},[45,118096,429],{"class":63},[45,118098,73],{"class":59},[45,118100,438],{"class":63},[45,118102,14],{"class":67},[45,118104,429],{"class":63},[45,118106,73],{"class":59},[45,118108,438],{"class":63},[45,118110,63264],{"class":67},[45,118112,429],{"class":63},[45,118114,73],{"class":59},[45,118116,438],{"class":63},[45,118118,11734],{"class":67},[45,118120,429],{"class":63},[45,118122,93],{"class":59},[1864,118124,29204],{"id":15591},[14,118126,63517,118127,118129],{},[18,118128,74262],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[36,118131,118133],{"className":38,"code":118132,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[18,118134,118135,118187],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118136,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118138,13189],{"class":51},[45,118140,56],{"class":55},[45,118142,10477],{"class":59},[45,118144,64],{"class":63},[45,118146,7656],{"class":67},[45,118148,64],{"class":63},[45,118150,1111],{"class":59},[45,118152,76],{"class":63},[45,118154,12867],{"class":67},[45,118156,64],{"class":63},[45,118158,73],{"class":59},[45,118160,76],{"class":63},[45,118162,9285],{"class":67},[45,118164,64],{"class":63},[45,118166,1111],{"class":59},[45,118168,590],{"class":202},[45,118170,73],{"class":59},[45,118172,76],{"class":63},[45,118174,10395],{"class":67},[45,118176,64],{"class":63},[45,118178,1111],{"class":59},[45,118180,76],{"class":63},[45,118182,16018],{"class":67},[45,118184,64],{"class":63},[45,118186,9295],{"class":59},[45,118188,118189,118191,118193,118195,118197,118199],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,118190,125],{"class":124},[45,118192,109],{"class":59},[45,118194,74352],{"class":124},[45,118196,109],{"class":59},[45,118198,17293],{"class":105},[45,118200,1802],{"class":59},[14,118202,268],{},[36,118204,118206],{"className":38,"code":118205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[18,118207,118208],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118209,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118211,278],{"class":59},[45,118213,429],{"class":63},[45,118215,9285],{"class":67},[45,118217,429],{"class":63},[45,118219,73],{"class":59},[45,118221,438],{"class":63},[45,118223,10395],{"class":67},[45,118225,429],{"class":63},[45,118227,73],{"class":59},[45,118229,438],{"class":63},[45,118231,7656],{"class":67},[45,118233,429],{"class":63},[45,118235,93],{"class":59},[31,118237,1736,118239],{"id":118238},"using-reversetrue",[18,118240,77929],{},[14,118242,141,118243,118245],{},[18,118244,77929],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[36,118247,118249],{"className":38,"code":118248,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[18,118250,118251,118271,118275,118289],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118252,118253,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118254,195],{"class":51},[45,118256,56],{"class":55},[45,118258,60],{"class":59},[45,118260,2056],{"class":202},[45,118262,73],{"class":59},[45,118264,5488],{"class":202},[45,118266,73],{"class":59},[45,118268,208],{"class":202},[45,118270,93],{"class":59},[45,118272,118273],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,118274,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,118276,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118278,125],{"class":124},[45,118280,109],{"class":59},[45,118282,74352],{"class":124},[45,118284,109],{"class":59},[45,118286,251],{"class":105},[45,118288,1802],{"class":59},[45,118290,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,118292,125],{"class":124},[45,118294,109],{"class":59},[45,118296,74352],{"class":124},[45,118298,109],{"class":59},[45,118300,251],{"class":105},[45,118302,73],{"class":59},[45,118304,77908],{"class":9161},[45,118306,56],{"class":55},[45,118308,3598],{"class":291},[45,118310,1802],{"class":59},[14,118312,268],{},[36,118314,118316],{"className":38,"code":118315,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,118317,118318,118334],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118319,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118321,278],{"class":59},[45,118323,203],{"class":202},[45,118325,73],{"class":59},[45,118327,208],{"class":202},[45,118329,73],{"class":59},[45,118331,213],{"class":202},[45,118333,93],{"class":59},[45,118335,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,118337,278],{"class":59},[45,118339,2056],{"class":202},[45,118341,73],{"class":59},[45,118343,208],{"class":202},[45,118345,73],{"class":59},[45,118347,5488],{"class":202},[45,118349,93],{"class":59},[14,118351,118352],{},"This also works with strings:",[36,118354,118356],{"className":38,"code":118355,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[18,118357,118358,118390,118394,118408],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118359,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118361,4062],{"class":51},[45,118363,56],{"class":55},[45,118365,60],{"class":59},[45,118367,64],{"class":63},[45,118369,68],{"class":67},[45,118371,64],{"class":63},[45,118373,73],{"class":59},[45,118375,76],{"class":63},[45,118377,79],{"class":67},[45,118379,64],{"class":63},[45,118381,73],{"class":59},[45,118383,76],{"class":63},[45,118385,4087],{"class":67},[45,118387,64],{"class":63},[45,118389,93],{"class":59},[45,118391,118392],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,118393,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,118395,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118397,125],{"class":124},[45,118399,109],{"class":59},[45,118401,74352],{"class":124},[45,118403,109],{"class":59},[45,118405,4104],{"class":105},[45,118407,1802],{"class":59},[45,118409,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,118411,125],{"class":124},[45,118413,109],{"class":59},[45,118415,74352],{"class":124},[45,118417,109],{"class":59},[45,118419,4104],{"class":105},[45,118421,73],{"class":59},[45,118423,77908],{"class":9161},[45,118425,56],{"class":55},[45,118427,3598],{"class":291},[45,118429,1802],{"class":59},[14,118431,268],{},[36,118433,118434],{"className":38,"code":73996,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,118435,118436,118464],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118437,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118439,278],{"class":59},[45,118441,429],{"class":63},[45,118443,68],{"class":67},[45,118445,429],{"class":63},[45,118447,73],{"class":59},[45,118449,438],{"class":63},[45,118451,79],{"class":67},[45,118453,429],{"class":63},[45,118455,73],{"class":59},[45,118457,438],{"class":63},[45,118459,4087],{"class":67},[45,118461,429],{"class":63},[45,118463,93],{"class":59},[45,118465,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,118467,278],{"class":59},[45,118469,429],{"class":63},[45,118471,4087],{"class":67},[45,118473,429],{"class":63},[45,118475,73],{"class":59},[45,118477,438],{"class":63},[45,118479,79],{"class":67},[45,118481,429],{"class":63},[45,118483,73],{"class":59},[45,118485,438],{"class":63},[45,118487,68],{"class":67},[45,118489,429],{"class":63},[45,118491,93],{"class":59},[31,118493,1736,118495,118498],{"id":118494},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[18,118496,118497],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118500,16,118501,118503],{},[18,118502,118497],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118505,118506],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118508,118509],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[36,118511,118513],{"className":38,"code":118512,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118514,118515,118555,118559,118581],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118516,118517,118519,118521,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118518,4062],{"class":51},[45,118520,56],{"class":55},[45,118522,60],{"class":59},[45,118524,64],{"class":63},[45,118526,78582],{"class":67},[45,118528,64],{"class":63},[45,118530,73],{"class":59},[45,118532,76],{"class":63},[45,118534,38339],{"class":67},[45,118536,64],{"class":63},[45,118538,73],{"class":59},[45,118540,76],{"class":63},[45,118542,79],{"class":67},[45,118544,64],{"class":63},[45,118546,73],{"class":59},[45,118548,76],{"class":63},[45,118550,38322],{"class":67},[45,118552,64],{"class":63},[45,118554,93],{"class":59},[45,118556,118557],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,118558,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,118560,118561,118563,118565,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118562,220],{"class":51},[45,118564,56],{"class":55},[45,118566,74396],{"class":124},[45,118568,109],{"class":59},[45,118570,4104],{"class":105},[45,118572,73],{"class":59},[45,118574,21564],{"class":9161},[45,118576,56],{"class":55},[45,118578,11150],{"class":124},[45,118580,118],{"class":59},[45,118582,118583,118585,118587,118589],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,118584,125],{"class":124},[45,118586,109],{"class":59},[45,118588,263],{"class":105},[45,118590,118],{"class":59},[14,118592,268],{},[36,118594,118596],{"className":38,"code":118595,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[18,118597,118598],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118599,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118601,278],{"class":59},[45,118603,429],{"class":63},[45,118605,38339],{"class":67},[45,118607,429],{"class":63},[45,118609,73],{"class":59},[45,118611,438],{"class":63},[45,118613,78582],{"class":67},[45,118615,429],{"class":63},[45,118617,73],{"class":59},[45,118619,438],{"class":63},[45,118621,38322],{"class":67},[45,118623,429],{"class":63},[45,118625,73],{"class":59},[45,118627,438],{"class":63},[45,118629,79],{"class":67},[45,118631,429],{"class":63},[45,118633,93],{"class":59},[14,118635,20757,118636,118638],{},[18,118637,11150],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118640,118641],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[36,118643,118645],{"className":38,"code":118644,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118646,118647,118680,118684,118710],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118648,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118676,118678],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118650,4062],{"class":51},[45,118652,56],{"class":55},[45,118654,60],{"class":59},[45,118656,64],{"class":63},[45,118658,83201],{"class":67},[45,118660,64],{"class":63},[45,118662,73],{"class":59},[45,118664,76],{"class":63},[45,118666,68],{"class":67},[45,118668,64],{"class":63},[45,118670,73],{"class":59},[45,118672,76],{"class":63},[45,118674,118675],{"class":67},"Cherry",[45,118677,64],{"class":63},[45,118679,93],{"class":59},[45,118681,118682],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,118683,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,118685,118686,118688,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118687,220],{"class":51},[45,118689,56],{"class":55},[45,118691,74396],{"class":124},[45,118693,109],{"class":59},[45,118695,4104],{"class":105},[45,118697,73],{"class":59},[45,118699,21564],{"class":9161},[45,118701,56],{"class":55},[45,118703,3436],{"class":315},[45,118705,102],{"class":59},[45,118707,8624],{"class":1831},[45,118709,118],{"class":59},[45,118711,118712,118714,118716,118718],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,118713,125],{"class":124},[45,118715,109],{"class":59},[45,118717,263],{"class":105},[45,118719,118],{"class":59},[14,118721,268],{},[36,118723,118725],{"className":38,"code":118724,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,118726,118727],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118728,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741,118743,118745,118747,118749,118751,118753],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118730,278],{"class":59},[45,118732,429],{"class":63},[45,118734,68],{"class":67},[45,118736,429],{"class":63},[45,118738,73],{"class":59},[45,118740,438],{"class":63},[45,118742,83201],{"class":67},[45,118744,429],{"class":63},[45,118746,73],{"class":59},[45,118748,438],{"class":63},[45,118750,118675],{"class":67},[45,118752,429],{"class":63},[45,118754,93],{"class":59},[14,118756,118757,118758,35311,118760,102],{},"You can learn more about ",[18,118759,42342],{},[364,118761,3569,118762,3502],{"href":42339},[18,118763,42342],{},[31,118765,118767,10572,118769],{"id":118766},"sorted-vs-listsort",[18,118768,74262],{},[18,118770,77705],{},[14,118772,118773],{},"The main difference is this:",[157,118775,118776,118781],{},[160,118777,118778,118780],{},[18,118779,74262],{}," returns a new list",[160,118782,118783,73800],{},[18,118784,77705],{},[14,118786,118787],{},"Also:",[157,118789,118790,118795],{},[160,118791,118792,118794],{},[18,118793,74262],{}," works with many iterables",[160,118796,118797,79138],{},[18,118798,77705],{},[14,118800,141,118801,10588],{},[18,118802,74262],{},[157,118804,118805,118808],{},[160,118806,118807],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[160,118809,118810],{},"your data is not a list",[14,118812,118813,118814,102],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[364,118815,3569,118816,10572,118818,5774],{"href":78963},[18,118817,74262],{},[18,118819,77705],{},[31,118821,118823],{"id":118822},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,118825,118826,118827,102],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[18,118828,74262],{},[1864,118830,118832],{"id":118831},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,118834,118835,118836,1111],{},"This can raise a ",[18,118837,2998],{},[36,118839,118841],{"className":38,"code":118840,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,118842,118843,118867],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118844,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118846,3816],{"class":51},[45,118848,56],{"class":55},[45,118850,60],{"class":59},[45,118852,203],{"class":202},[45,118854,73],{"class":59},[45,118856,76],{"class":63},[45,118858,234],{"class":67},[45,118860,64],{"class":63},[45,118862,73],{"class":59},[45,118864,213],{"class":202},[45,118866,93],{"class":59},[45,118868,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,118870,125],{"class":124},[45,118872,109],{"class":59},[45,118874,74352],{"class":124},[45,118876,109],{"class":59},[45,118878,5350],{"class":105},[45,118880,1802],{"class":59},[14,118882,118883],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1864,118885,118887,118888,2298],{"id":118886},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[18,118889,14827],{},[14,118891,118892],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,118894,345],{},[36,118896,118898],{"className":38,"code":118897,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[18,118899,118900,118920],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118901,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910,118912,118914,118916,118918],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118903,195],{"class":51},[45,118905,56],{"class":55},[45,118907,60],{"class":59},[45,118909,585],{"class":202},[45,118911,73],{"class":59},[45,118913,208],{"class":202},[45,118915,73],{"class":59},[45,118917,595],{"class":202},[45,118919,93],{"class":59},[45,118921,118922,118924,118926,118928,118930,118932,118934,118936,118938,118940],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,118923,125],{"class":124},[45,118925,109],{"class":59},[45,118927,74352],{"class":124},[45,118929,109],{"class":59},[45,118931,251],{"class":105},[45,118933,73],{"class":59},[45,118935,21564],{"class":9161},[45,118937,56],{"class":55},[45,118939,11150],{"class":124},[45,118941,1802],{"class":59},[14,118943,48492,118944,118946],{},[18,118945,42342],{}," does not work on integers.",[1864,118948,118950],{"id":118949},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,118952,118953],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[36,118955,118957],{"className":38,"code":118956,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,118958,118959,118979,118989,118993],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118960,118961,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975,118977],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118962,195],{"class":51},[45,118964,56],{"class":55},[45,118966,60],{"class":59},[45,118968,2056],{"class":202},[45,118970,73],{"class":59},[45,118972,5488],{"class":202},[45,118974,73],{"class":59},[45,118976,208],{"class":202},[45,118978,93],{"class":59},[45,118980,118981,118983,118985,118987],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,118982,74352],{"class":124},[45,118984,109],{"class":59},[45,118986,251],{"class":105},[45,118988,118],{"class":59},[45,118990,118991],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118992,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,118994,118995,118997,118999,119001],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,118996,125],{"class":124},[45,118998,109],{"class":59},[45,119000,251],{"class":105},[45,119002,118],{"class":59},[14,119004,268],{},[36,119006,119008],{"className":38,"code":119007,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[18,119009,119010],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119011,119012,119014,119016,119018,119020,119022,119024],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119013,278],{"class":59},[45,119015,2056],{"class":202},[45,119017,73],{"class":59},[45,119019,5488],{"class":202},[45,119021,73],{"class":59},[45,119023,208],{"class":202},[45,119025,93],{"class":59},[14,119027,119028],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[31,119030,1709],{"id":1708},[157,119032,119033,119037,119040,119045,119049],{},[160,119034,4570,119035,73800],{},[18,119036,74262],{},[160,119038,119039],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[160,119041,4695,119042,119044],{},[18,119043,74262],{}," always returns a list",[160,119046,1736,119047,23086],{},[18,119048,118497],{},[160,119050,29631,119051,119053,119054],{},[18,119052,64289],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[18,119055,74262],{},[14,119057,119058],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[36,119060,119062],{"className":38,"code":119061,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[18,119063,119064,119086,119112,119150],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119065,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074,119076,119078,119080,119082,119084],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119067,125],{"class":124},[45,119069,109],{"class":59},[45,119071,74352],{"class":124},[45,119073,2979],{"class":59},[45,119075,2056],{"class":202},[45,119077,73],{"class":59},[45,119079,5488],{"class":202},[45,119081,73],{"class":59},[45,119083,208],{"class":202},[45,119085,2992],{"class":59},[45,119087,119088,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106,119108,119110],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,119089,125],{"class":124},[45,119091,109],{"class":59},[45,119093,1811],{"class":315},[45,119095,109],{"class":59},[45,119097,74352],{"class":124},[45,119099,5501],{"class":59},[45,119101,2056],{"class":202},[45,119103,73],{"class":59},[45,119105,5488],{"class":202},[45,119107,73],{"class":59},[45,119109,208],{"class":202},[45,119111,93205],{"class":59},[45,119113,119114,119116,119118,119120,119122,119124,119126,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136,119138,119140,119142,119144,119146,119148],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,119115,125],{"class":124},[45,119117,109],{"class":59},[45,119119,74352],{"class":124},[45,119121,2979],{"class":59},[45,119123,429],{"class":63},[45,119125,83201],{"class":67},[45,119127,429],{"class":63},[45,119129,73],{"class":59},[45,119131,438],{"class":63},[45,119133,68],{"class":67},[45,119135,429],{"class":63},[45,119137,18047],{"class":59},[45,119139,21564],{"class":9161},[45,119141,56],{"class":55},[45,119143,3436],{"class":315},[45,119145,102],{"class":59},[45,119147,8624],{"class":1831},[45,119149,1802],{"class":59},[45,119151,119152,119154,119156,119158,119160,119162,119164,119166,119168,119170,119172,119174,119176,119178],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,119153,125],{"class":124},[45,119155,109],{"class":59},[45,119157,74352],{"class":124},[45,119159,2979],{"class":59},[45,119161,2056],{"class":202},[45,119163,73],{"class":59},[45,119165,5488],{"class":202},[45,119167,73],{"class":59},[45,119169,208],{"class":202},[45,119171,18047],{"class":59},[45,119173,77908],{"class":9161},[45,119175,56],{"class":55},[45,119177,3598],{"class":291},[45,119179,1802],{"class":59},[14,119181,119182,119183,102],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[364,119184,52754],{"href":50961},[31,119186,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,119188,175,119190,57141],{"id":119189},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[18,119191,74262],{},[14,119193,119194],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1864,119196,5133,119198,12703],{"id":119197},"what-does-sorted-return",[18,119199,74262],{},[14,119201,119202],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1864,119204,119206,119207,11080,119209,2485],{"id":119205},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[18,119208,74262],{},[18,119210,77705],{},[14,119212,141,119213,119215],{},[18,119214,74262],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1864,119217,5133,119219,86289,119221,2485],{"id":119218},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[18,119220,118497],{},[18,119222,74262],{},[14,119224,119225],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1864,119227,5148,119229,119231,119232,2485],{"id":119228},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[18,119230,74262],{}," give a ",[18,119233,2998],{},[14,119235,119236],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[31,119238,1909],{"id":1908},[157,119240,119241,119245,119253,119257,119263,119269],{},[160,119242,119243],{},[364,119244,79711],{"href":78214},[160,119246,119247],{},[364,119248,3569,119249,10572,119251,5774],{"href":78963},[18,119250,74262],{},[18,119252,77705],{},[160,119254,119255],{},[364,119256,52754],{"href":50961},[160,119258,119259],{},[364,119260,3569,119261,3502],{"href":42339},[18,119262,42342],{},[160,119264,119265],{},[364,119266,3569,119267,3502],{"href":91861},[18,119268,35731],{},[160,119270,119271],{},[364,119272,3569,119273,3502],{"href":36175},[18,119274,36178],{},[1936,119276,119277],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":119279},[119280,119281,119283,119286,119287,119294,119296,119298,119300,119306,119307,119319],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":117560,"depth":96,"text":119282},"What sorted() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153,"children":119284},[119285],{"id":17380,"depth":121,"text":17381},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":117799,"depth":96,"text":117800,"children":119288},[119289,119290,119291,119292,119293],{"id":316,"depth":121,"text":117808},{"id":48935,"depth":121,"text":117872},{"id":6274,"depth":121,"text":117969},{"id":61151,"depth":121,"text":118033},{"id":15591,"depth":121,"text":29204},{"id":118238,"depth":96,"text":119295},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118494,"depth":96,"text":119297},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118766,"depth":96,"text":119299},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118822,"depth":96,"text":118823,"children":119301},[119302,119303,119305],{"id":118831,"depth":121,"text":118832},{"id":118886,"depth":121,"text":119304},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118949,"depth":121,"text":118950},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":119308},[119309,119311,119313,119315,119317],{"id":119189,"depth":121,"text":119310},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119197,"depth":121,"text":119312},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119205,"depth":121,"text":119314},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119218,"depth":121,"text":119316},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119228,"depth":121,"text":119318},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117462,"description":119320},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119327,"title":119328,"body":119329,"description":121440,"extension":1958,"meta":121441,"navigation":241,"path":78963,"seo":121442,"stem":121443,"__hash__":121444},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119330,"toc":121387},[119331,119338,119341,119351,119357,119360,119378,119386,119388,119447,119455,119459,119481,119485,119489,119491,119508,119510,119522,119528,119612,119616,119663,119669,119676,119680,119685,119687,119699,119704,119757,119761,119781,119788,119795,119799,119802,119821,119825,119939,119943,120013,120015,120027,120032,120036,120049,120053,120128,120132,120171,120178,120184,120189,120193,120207,120211,120276,120280,120313,120316,120321,120329,120336,120349,120352,120356,120439,120443,120480,120484,120587,120591,120652,120657,120664,120668,120671,120677,120680,120747,120751,120775,120777,120795,120802,120855,120859,120879,120885,120887,120944,120951,120977,120982,120987,120995,121001,121061,121065,121112,121115,121117,121120,121146,121149,121242,121244,121264,121268,121271,121289,121295,121297,121305,121310,121317,121320,121326,121329,121335,121343,121351,121356,121358,121384],[10,119332,3569,119334,10572,119336,92919],{"id":119333},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[18,119335,74262],{},[18,119337,77705],{},[14,119339,119340],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[157,119342,119343,119347],{},[160,119344,119345],{},[18,119346,74262],{},[160,119348,119349],{},[18,119350,77705],{},[14,119352,119353,119354,119356],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[26,119355,178],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119358,119359],{},"The main difference is simple:",[157,119361,119362,119370],{},[160,119363,141,119364,119366,119367],{},[18,119365,74262],{}," when you want a ",[26,119368,119369],{},"new sorted result",[160,119371,141,119372,119374,119375],{},[18,119373,77705],{}," when you want to ",[26,119376,119377],{},"change the original list",[14,119379,119380,119381,1326,119383,119385],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[18,119382,77705],{},[18,119384,301],{}," and causes confusion.",[31,119387,3603],{"id":3602},[36,119389,119391],{"className":38,"code":119390,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[18,119392,119393,119413,119417,119434],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119394,119395,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409,119411],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119396,195],{"class":51},[45,119398,56],{"class":55},[45,119400,60],{"class":59},[45,119402,2056],{"class":202},[45,119404,73],{"class":59},[45,119406,5488],{"class":202},[45,119408,73],{"class":59},[45,119410,208],{"class":202},[45,119412,93],{"class":59},[45,119414,119415],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,119416,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,119418,119419,119421,119423,119425,119427,119429,119431],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,119420,55867],{"class":51},[45,119422,56],{"class":55},[45,119424,74396],{"class":124},[45,119426,109],{"class":59},[45,119428,251],{"class":105},[45,119430,3654],{"class":59},[45,119432,119433],{"class":137},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[45,119435,119436,119438,119440,119442,119444],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,119437,251],{"class":51},[45,119439,102],{"class":59},[45,119441,34780],{"class":105},[45,119443,7353],{"class":59},[45,119445,119446],{"class":137},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119448,141,119449,119451,119452,119454],{},[18,119450,74262],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[18,119453,77705],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[31,119456,119458],{"id":119457},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[157,119460,119461,119466,119471,119478],{},[160,119462,141,119463,119465],{},[18,119464,74262],{}," to get a new sorted list",[160,119467,141,119468,119470],{},[18,119469,77705],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[160,119472,119473,119474,1326,119476],{},"Understand why ",[18,119475,77705],{},[18,119477,301],{},[160,119479,119480],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[31,119482,3671,119483,3674],{"id":117560},[18,119484,74262],{},[14,119486,119487,62903],{},[18,119488,74262],{},[14,119490,48909],{},[157,119492,119493,119499,119505],{},[160,119494,119495,119496],{},"returns a ",[26,119497,119498],{},"new list",[160,119500,119501,119502,119504],{},"does ",[26,119503,178],{}," change the original data",[160,119506,119507],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119509,51115],{},[157,119511,119512,119514,119516,119518,119520],{},[160,119513,5291],{},[160,119515,5294],{},[160,119517,5300],{},[160,119519,5297],{},[160,119521,35891],{},[1864,119523,35059,119525,119527],{"id":119524},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[18,119526,74262],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[36,119529,119531],{"className":38,"code":119530,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[18,119532,119533,119553,119557,119571,119575,119593],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119534,119535,119537,119539,119541,119543,119545,119547,119549,119551],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119536,195],{"class":51},[45,119538,56],{"class":55},[45,119540,60],{"class":59},[45,119542,2056],{"class":202},[45,119544,73],{"class":59},[45,119546,5488],{"class":202},[45,119548,73],{"class":59},[45,119550,208],{"class":202},[45,119552,93],{"class":59},[45,119554,119555],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,119556,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,119558,119559,119561,119563,119565,119567,119569],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,119560,220],{"class":51},[45,119562,56],{"class":55},[45,119564,74396],{"class":124},[45,119566,109],{"class":59},[45,119568,251],{"class":105},[45,119570,118],{"class":59},[45,119572,119573],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,119574,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,119576,119577,119579,119581,119583,119585,119587,119589,119591],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,119578,125],{"class":124},[45,119580,109],{"class":59},[45,119582,64],{"class":63},[45,119584,12142],{"class":67},[45,119586,64],{"class":63},[45,119588,73],{"class":59},[45,119590,225],{"class":105},[45,119592,118],{"class":59},[45,119594,119595,119597,119599,119601,119604,119606,119608,119610],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,119596,125],{"class":124},[45,119598,109],{"class":59},[45,119600,64],{"class":63},[45,119602,119603],{"class":67},"sorted result:",[45,119605,64],{"class":63},[45,119607,73],{"class":59},[45,119609,81055],{"class":105},[45,119611,118],{"class":59},[14,119613,119614],{},[26,119615,268],{},[36,119617,119619],{"className":38,"code":119618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,119620,119621,119641],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119622,119623,119625,119627,119629,119631,119633,119635,119637,119639],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119624,12121],{"class":51},[45,119626,1111],{"class":59},[45,119628,60],{"class":59},[45,119630,2056],{"class":202},[45,119632,73],{"class":59},[45,119634,5488],{"class":202},[45,119636,73],{"class":59},[45,119638,208],{"class":202},[45,119640,93],{"class":59},[45,119642,119643,119645,119647,119649,119651,119653,119655,119657,119659,119661],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,119644,74352],{"class":124},[45,119646,81055],{"class":51},[45,119648,1111],{"class":59},[45,119650,60],{"class":59},[45,119652,203],{"class":202},[45,119654,73],{"class":59},[45,119656,208],{"class":202},[45,119658,73],{"class":59},[45,119660,213],{"class":202},[45,119662,93],{"class":59},[14,119664,119665,119666,119668],{},"The important part is that ",[18,119667,251],{}," stays the same.",[14,119670,119671,119672,102],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[364,119673,3569,119674,3502],{"href":74359},[18,119675,74262],{},[31,119677,3671,119678,3674],{"id":77771},[18,119679,77705],{},[14,119681,119682,119684],{},[18,119683,64289],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119686,48909],{},[157,119688,119689,119692,119695],{},[160,119690,119691],{},"changes the original list directly",[160,119693,119694],{},"only works on lists",[160,119696,3686,119697],{},[18,119698,301],{},[1864,119700,35059,119702,73800],{"id":119701},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[18,119703,77705],{},[36,119705,119707],{"className":38,"code":119706,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119708,119709,119729,119733,119743,119747],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119710,119711,119713,119715,119717,119719,119721,119723,119725,119727],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119712,195],{"class":51},[45,119714,56],{"class":55},[45,119716,60],{"class":59},[45,119718,2056],{"class":202},[45,119720,73],{"class":59},[45,119722,5488],{"class":202},[45,119724,73],{"class":59},[45,119726,208],{"class":202},[45,119728,93],{"class":59},[45,119730,119731],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,119732,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,119734,119735,119737,119739,119741],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,119736,251],{"class":51},[45,119738,102],{"class":59},[45,119740,34780],{"class":105},[45,119742,8627],{"class":59},[45,119744,119745],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,119746,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,119748,119749,119751,119753,119755],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,119750,125],{"class":124},[45,119752,109],{"class":59},[45,119754,251],{"class":105},[45,119756,118],{"class":59},[14,119758,119759],{},[26,119760,268],{},[36,119762,119763],{"className":38,"code":55129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,119764,119765],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119766,119767,119769,119771,119773,119775,119777,119779],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119768,278],{"class":59},[45,119770,203],{"class":202},[45,119772,73],{"class":59},[45,119774,208],{"class":202},[45,119776,73],{"class":59},[45,119778,213],{"class":202},[45,119780,93],{"class":59},[14,119782,119783,119784,119787],{},"After calling ",[18,119785,119786],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,119789,119790,119791,102],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[364,119792,3569,119793,10728],{"href":74613},[18,119794,77705],{},[31,119796,119798],{"id":119797},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,119800,119801],{},"Here is the core difference:",[157,119803,119804,119813],{},[160,119805,119806,119809,119810],{},[18,119807,119808],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[26,119811,119812],{},"new sorted list",[160,119814,119815,119818,119819,74170],{},[18,119816,119817],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[18,119820,1765],{},[1864,119822,119824],{"id":119823},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[36,119826,119828],{"className":38,"code":119827,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[18,119829,119830,119850,119854,119868,119887,119906,119910,119920],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119831,119832,119834,119836,119838,119840,119842,119844,119846,119848],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119833,195],{"class":51},[45,119835,56],{"class":55},[45,119837,60],{"class":59},[45,119839,2131],{"class":202},[45,119841,73],{"class":59},[45,119843,208],{"class":202},[45,119845,73],{"class":59},[45,119847,2450],{"class":202},[45,119849,93],{"class":59},[45,119851,119852],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,119853,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,119855,119856,119858,119860,119862,119864,119866],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,119857,2548],{"class":51},[45,119859,56],{"class":55},[45,119861,74396],{"class":124},[45,119863,109],{"class":59},[45,119865,251],{"class":105},[45,119867,118],{"class":59},[45,119869,119870,119872,119874,119876,119879,119881,119883,119885],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,119871,125],{"class":124},[45,119873,109],{"class":59},[45,119875,64],{"class":63},[45,119877,119878],{"class":67},"numbers after sorted():",[45,119880,64],{"class":63},[45,119882,73],{"class":59},[45,119884,225],{"class":105},[45,119886,118],{"class":59},[45,119888,119889,119891,119893,119895,119898,119900,119902,119904],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,119890,125],{"class":124},[45,119892,109],{"class":59},[45,119894,64],{"class":63},[45,119896,119897],{"class":67},"a:",[45,119899,64],{"class":63},[45,119901,73],{"class":59},[45,119903,56865],{"class":105},[45,119905,118],{"class":59},[45,119907,119908],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,119909,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,119911,119912,119914,119916,119918],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,119913,251],{"class":51},[45,119915,102],{"class":59},[45,119917,34780],{"class":105},[45,119919,8627],{"class":59},[45,119921,119922,119924,119926,119928,119931,119933,119935,119937],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,119923,125],{"class":124},[45,119925,109],{"class":59},[45,119927,64],{"class":63},[45,119929,119930],{"class":67},"numbers after sort():",[45,119932,64],{"class":63},[45,119934,73],{"class":59},[45,119936,225],{"class":105},[45,119938,118],{"class":59},[14,119940,119941],{},[26,119942,268],{},[36,119944,119946],{"className":38,"code":119945,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[18,119947,119948,119971,119991],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119949,119950,119953,119955,119957,119959,119961,119963,119965,119967,119969],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119951,119952],{"class":51},"numbers after ",[45,119954,74352],{"class":124},[45,119956,29565],{"class":59},[45,119958,60],{"class":59},[45,119960,2131],{"class":202},[45,119962,73],{"class":59},[45,119964,208],{"class":202},[45,119966,73],{"class":59},[45,119968,2450],{"class":202},[45,119970,93],{"class":59},[45,119972,119973,119975,119977,119979,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,119974,364],{"class":51},[45,119976,1111],{"class":59},[45,119978,60],{"class":59},[45,119980,234],{"class":202},[45,119982,73],{"class":59},[45,119984,2450],{"class":202},[45,119986,73],{"class":59},[45,119988,4596],{"class":202},[45,119990,93],{"class":59},[45,119992,119993,119995,119997,119999,120001,120003,120005,120007,120009,120011],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,119994,119952],{"class":51},[45,119996,34780],{"class":105},[45,119998,29565],{"class":59},[45,120000,60],{"class":59},[45,120002,234],{"class":202},[45,120004,73],{"class":59},[45,120006,2450],{"class":202},[45,120008,73],{"class":59},[45,120010,4596],{"class":202},[45,120012,93],{"class":59},[14,120014,10700],{},[157,120016,120017,120022],{},[160,120018,120019,120021],{},[18,120020,74262],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[160,120023,120024,120026],{},[18,120025,64289],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[31,120028,4952,120030],{"id":120029},"when-to-use-sorted",[18,120031,74262],{},[14,120033,141,120034,10588],{},[18,120035,74262],{},[157,120037,120038,120041,120043,120046],{},[160,120039,120040],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[160,120042,118810],{},[160,120044,120045],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[160,120047,120048],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1864,120050,120052],{"id":120051},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[36,120054,120056],{"className":38,"code":120055,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,120057,120058,120082,120086,120100,120104,120114],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120059,120060,120062,120064,120066,120068,120070,120072,120074,120076,120078,120080],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120061,195],{"class":51},[45,120063,56],{"class":55},[45,120065,9222],{"class":59},[45,120067,2498],{"class":202},[45,120069,73],{"class":59},[45,120071,5488],{"class":202},[45,120073,73],{"class":59},[45,120075,213],{"class":202},[45,120077,73],{"class":59},[45,120079,208],{"class":202},[45,120081,118],{"class":59},[45,120083,120084],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,120085,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,120087,120088,120090,120092,120094,120096,120098],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120089,220],{"class":51},[45,120091,56],{"class":55},[45,120093,74396],{"class":124},[45,120095,109],{"class":59},[45,120097,251],{"class":105},[45,120099,118],{"class":59},[45,120101,120102],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,120103,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,120105,120106,120108,120110,120112],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,120107,125],{"class":124},[45,120109,109],{"class":59},[45,120111,263],{"class":105},[45,120113,118],{"class":59},[45,120115,120116,120118,120120,120122,120124,120126],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,120117,125],{"class":124},[45,120119,109],{"class":59},[45,120121,1811],{"class":315},[45,120123,109],{"class":59},[45,120125,263],{"class":105},[45,120127,1802],{"class":59},[14,120129,120130],{},[26,120131,268],{},[36,120133,120135],{"className":38,"code":120134,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,120136,120137,120157],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120138,120139,120141,120143,120145,120147,120149,120151,120153,120155],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120140,278],{"class":59},[45,120142,203],{"class":202},[45,120144,73],{"class":59},[45,120146,208],{"class":202},[45,120148,73],{"class":59},[45,120150,213],{"class":202},[45,120152,73],{"class":59},[45,120154,2450],{"class":202},[45,120156,93],{"class":59},[45,120158,120159,120161,120163,120165,120167,120169],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,120160,3284],{"class":55},[45,120162,3287],{"class":2059},[45,120164,438],{"class":63},[45,120166,316],{"class":67},[45,120168,429],{"class":63},[45,120170,3296],{"class":55},[14,120172,2281,120173,120175,120176,102],{},[18,120174,74262],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[26,120177,316],{},[14,120179,120180,120181,120183],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[364,120182,52754],{"href":50961}," is a helpful next step.",[31,120185,4952,120187],{"id":120186},"when-to-use-listsort",[18,120188,77705],{},[14,120190,141,120191,10588],{},[18,120192,77705],{},[157,120194,120195,120198,120201,120204],{},[160,120196,120197],{},"you already have a list",[160,120199,120200],{},"you want to update that list directly",[160,120202,120203],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[160,120205,120206],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1864,120208,120210],{"id":120209},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[36,120212,120214],{"className":38,"code":120213,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,120215,120216,120248,120252,120262,120266],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120217,120218,120220,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120219,4986],{"class":51},[45,120221,56],{"class":55},[45,120223,60],{"class":59},[45,120225,64],{"class":63},[45,120227,5013],{"class":67},[45,120229,64],{"class":63},[45,120231,73],{"class":59},[45,120233,76],{"class":63},[45,120235,4995],{"class":67},[45,120237,64],{"class":63},[45,120239,73],{"class":59},[45,120241,76],{"class":63},[45,120243,5004],{"class":67},[45,120245,64],{"class":63},[45,120247,93],{"class":59},[45,120249,120250],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,120251,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,120253,120254,120256,120258,120260],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120255,5030],{"class":51},[45,120257,102],{"class":59},[45,120259,34780],{"class":105},[45,120261,8627],{"class":59},[45,120263,120264],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,120265,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,120267,120268,120270,120272,120274],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,120269,125],{"class":124},[45,120271,109],{"class":59},[45,120273,5030],{"class":105},[45,120275,118],{"class":59},[14,120277,120278],{},[26,120279,268],{},[36,120281,120283],{"className":38,"code":120282,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[18,120284,120285],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120286,120287,120289,120291,120293,120295,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120288,278],{"class":59},[45,120290,429],{"class":63},[45,120292,4995],{"class":67},[45,120294,429],{"class":63},[45,120296,73],{"class":59},[45,120298,438],{"class":63},[45,120300,5004],{"class":67},[45,120302,429],{"class":63},[45,120304,73],{"class":59},[45,120306,438],{"class":63},[45,120308,5013],{"class":67},[45,120310,429],{"class":63},[45,120312,93],{"class":59},[14,120314,120315],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120317,120318,120319,102],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[364,120320,79711],{"href":78214},[31,120322,120324,1301,120326,120328],{"id":120323},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[18,120325,73415],{},[18,120327,14827],{}," work with both",[14,120330,10577,120331,1301,120333,120335],{},[18,120332,74262],{},[18,120334,77705],{}," support:",[157,120337,120338,120343],{},[160,120339,120340,120342],{},[18,120341,77929],{}," for descending order",[160,120344,120345,120348],{},[18,120346,120347],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120350,120351],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1864,120353,120355],{"id":120354},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[36,120357,120359],{"className":38,"code":120358,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120360,120361,120381,120385,120407,120411,120429],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120362,120363,120365,120367,120369,120371,120373,120375,120377,120379],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120364,195],{"class":51},[45,120366,56],{"class":55},[45,120368,60],{"class":59},[45,120370,2056],{"class":202},[45,120372,73],{"class":59},[45,120374,5488],{"class":202},[45,120376,73],{"class":59},[45,120378,208],{"class":202},[45,120380,93],{"class":59},[45,120382,120383],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,120384,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,120386,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399,120401,120403,120405],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120388,125],{"class":124},[45,120390,109],{"class":59},[45,120392,74352],{"class":124},[45,120394,109],{"class":59},[45,120396,251],{"class":105},[45,120398,73],{"class":59},[45,120400,77908],{"class":9161},[45,120402,56],{"class":55},[45,120404,3598],{"class":291},[45,120406,1802],{"class":59},[45,120408,120409],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,120410,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,120412,120413,120415,120417,120419,120421,120423,120425,120427],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,120414,251],{"class":51},[45,120416,102],{"class":59},[45,120418,34780],{"class":105},[45,120420,109],{"class":59},[45,120422,73415],{"class":9161},[45,120424,56],{"class":55},[45,120426,3598],{"class":291},[45,120428,118],{"class":59},[45,120430,120431,120433,120435,120437],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,120432,125],{"class":124},[45,120434,109],{"class":59},[45,120436,251],{"class":105},[45,120438,118],{"class":59},[14,120440,120441],{},[26,120442,268],{},[36,120444,120446],{"className":38,"code":120445,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,120447,120448,120464],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120449,120450,120452,120454,120456,120458,120460,120462],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120451,278],{"class":59},[45,120453,2056],{"class":202},[45,120455,73],{"class":59},[45,120457,208],{"class":202},[45,120459,73],{"class":59},[45,120461,5488],{"class":202},[45,120463,93],{"class":59},[45,120465,120466,120468,120470,120472,120474,120476,120478],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,120467,278],{"class":59},[45,120469,2056],{"class":202},[45,120471,73],{"class":59},[45,120473,208],{"class":202},[45,120475,73],{"class":59},[45,120477,5488],{"class":202},[45,120479,93],{"class":59},[1864,120481,120483],{"id":120482},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[36,120485,120487],{"className":38,"code":120486,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[18,120488,120489,120521,120525,120551,120555,120577],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120490,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505,120507,120509,120511,120513,120515,120517,120519],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120492,4062],{"class":51},[45,120494,56],{"class":55},[45,120496,60],{"class":59},[45,120498,64],{"class":63},[45,120500,83201],{"class":67},[45,120502,64],{"class":63},[45,120504,73],{"class":59},[45,120506,76],{"class":63},[45,120508,68],{"class":67},[45,120510,64],{"class":63},[45,120512,73],{"class":59},[45,120514,76],{"class":63},[45,120516,118675],{"class":67},[45,120518,64],{"class":63},[45,120520,93],{"class":59},[45,120522,120523],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,120524,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,120526,120527,120529,120531,120533,120535,120537,120539,120541,120543,120545,120547,120549],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120528,125],{"class":124},[45,120530,109],{"class":59},[45,120532,74352],{"class":124},[45,120534,109],{"class":59},[45,120536,4104],{"class":105},[45,120538,73],{"class":59},[45,120540,21564],{"class":9161},[45,120542,56],{"class":55},[45,120544,3436],{"class":315},[45,120546,102],{"class":59},[45,120548,8624],{"class":1831},[45,120550,1802],{"class":59},[45,120552,120553],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,120554,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,120556,120557,120559,120561,120563,120565,120567,120569,120571,120573,120575],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,120558,4104],{"class":51},[45,120560,102],{"class":59},[45,120562,34780],{"class":105},[45,120564,109],{"class":59},[45,120566,14827],{"class":9161},[45,120568,56],{"class":55},[45,120570,3436],{"class":315},[45,120572,102],{"class":59},[45,120574,8624],{"class":1831},[45,120576,118],{"class":59},[45,120578,120579,120581,120583,120585],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,120580,125],{"class":124},[45,120582,109],{"class":59},[45,120584,4104],{"class":105},[45,120586,118],{"class":59},[14,120588,120589],{},[26,120590,268],{},[36,120592,120594],{"className":38,"code":120593,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,120595,120596,120624],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120597,120598,120600,120602,120604,120606,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120599,278],{"class":59},[45,120601,429],{"class":63},[45,120603,68],{"class":67},[45,120605,429],{"class":63},[45,120607,73],{"class":59},[45,120609,438],{"class":63},[45,120611,83201],{"class":67},[45,120613,429],{"class":63},[45,120615,73],{"class":59},[45,120617,438],{"class":63},[45,120619,118675],{"class":67},[45,120621,429],{"class":63},[45,120623,93],{"class":59},[45,120625,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646,120648,120650],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,120627,278],{"class":59},[45,120629,429],{"class":63},[45,120631,68],{"class":67},[45,120633,429],{"class":63},[45,120635,73],{"class":59},[45,120637,438],{"class":63},[45,120639,83201],{"class":67},[45,120641,429],{"class":63},[45,120643,73],{"class":59},[45,120645,438],{"class":63},[45,120647,118675],{"class":67},[45,120649,429],{"class":63},[45,120651,93],{"class":59},[14,120653,1736,120654,120656],{},[18,120655,78423],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120658,120659,120660,102],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[364,120661,120663],{"href":120662},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[31,120665,120667],{"id":120666},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120669,120670],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1864,120672,120674,120675,12585],{"id":120673},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[18,120676,77705],{},[14,120678,120679],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[36,120681,120683],{"className":38,"code":120682,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120684,120685,120705,120709,120723,120727,120737],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120686,120687,120689,120691,120693,120695,120697,120699,120701,120703],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120688,195],{"class":51},[45,120690,56],{"class":55},[45,120692,60],{"class":59},[45,120694,2056],{"class":202},[45,120696,73],{"class":59},[45,120698,5488],{"class":202},[45,120700,73],{"class":59},[45,120702,208],{"class":202},[45,120704,93],{"class":59},[45,120706,120707],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,120708,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,120710,120711,120713,120715,120717,120719,120721],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120712,220],{"class":51},[45,120714,56],{"class":55},[45,120716,225],{"class":51},[45,120718,102],{"class":59},[45,120720,34780],{"class":105},[45,120722,8627],{"class":59},[45,120724,120725],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,120726,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,120728,120729,120731,120733,120735],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,120730,125],{"class":124},[45,120732,109],{"class":59},[45,120734,263],{"class":105},[45,120736,118],{"class":59},[45,120738,120739,120741,120743,120745],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,120740,125],{"class":124},[45,120742,109],{"class":59},[45,120744,251],{"class":105},[45,120746,118],{"class":59},[14,120748,120749],{},[26,120750,268],{},[36,120752,120753],{"className":38,"code":79046,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,120754,120755,120759],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120756,120757],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120758,292],{"class":291},[45,120760,120761,120763,120765,120767,120769,120771,120773],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,120762,278],{"class":59},[45,120764,203],{"class":202},[45,120766,73],{"class":59},[45,120768,208],{"class":202},[45,120770,73],{"class":59},[45,120772,213],{"class":202},[45,120774,93],{"class":59},[14,120776,11888],{},[157,120778,120779,120784,120789],{},[160,120780,120781,120783],{},[18,120782,119786],{}," sorts the list in place",[160,120785,34996,120786,120788],{},[26,120787,178],{}," return the sorted list",[160,120790,89825,120791,42136,120793],{},[18,120792,263],{},[18,120794,301],{},[1864,120796,120798,120799,120801],{"id":120797},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[18,120800,74262],{}," to change the original list",[36,120803,120805],{"className":38,"code":120804,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120806,120807,120827,120831,120841,120845],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120808,120809,120811,120813,120815,120817,120819,120821,120823,120825],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120810,195],{"class":51},[45,120812,56],{"class":55},[45,120814,60],{"class":59},[45,120816,2056],{"class":202},[45,120818,73],{"class":59},[45,120820,5488],{"class":202},[45,120822,73],{"class":59},[45,120824,208],{"class":202},[45,120826,93],{"class":59},[45,120828,120829],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,120830,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,120832,120833,120835,120837,120839],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120834,74352],{"class":124},[45,120836,109],{"class":59},[45,120838,251],{"class":105},[45,120840,118],{"class":59},[45,120842,120843],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,120844,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,120846,120847,120849,120851,120853],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,120848,125],{"class":124},[45,120850,109],{"class":59},[45,120852,251],{"class":105},[45,120854,118],{"class":59},[14,120856,120857],{},[26,120858,268],{},[36,120860,120861],{"className":38,"code":119007,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,120862,120863],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120864,120865,120867,120869,120871,120873,120875,120877],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120866,278],{"class":59},[45,120868,2056],{"class":202},[45,120870,73],{"class":59},[45,120872,5488],{"class":202},[45,120874,73],{"class":59},[45,120876,208],{"class":202},[45,120878,93],{"class":59},[14,120880,120881,120884],{},[18,120882,120883],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,120886,10795],{},[36,120888,120890],{"className":38,"code":120889,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[18,120891,120892,120912,120916,120930,120934],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120893,120894,120896,120898,120900,120902,120904,120906,120908,120910],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120895,195],{"class":51},[45,120897,56],{"class":55},[45,120899,60],{"class":59},[45,120901,2056],{"class":202},[45,120903,73],{"class":59},[45,120905,5488],{"class":202},[45,120907,73],{"class":59},[45,120909,208],{"class":202},[45,120911,93],{"class":59},[45,120913,120914],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,120915,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,120917,120918,120920,120922,120924,120926,120928],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120919,55619],{"class":51},[45,120921,56],{"class":55},[45,120923,74396],{"class":124},[45,120925,109],{"class":59},[45,120927,251],{"class":105},[45,120929,118],{"class":59},[45,120931,120932],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,120933,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,120935,120936,120938,120940,120942],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,120937,125],{"class":124},[45,120939,109],{"class":59},[45,120941,55638],{"class":105},[45,120943,118],{"class":59},[1864,120945,120947,120948,120950],{"id":120946},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[18,120949,64289],{}," on a tuple or string",[36,120952,120953],{"className":38,"code":79148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,120954,120955,120967],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120956,120957,120959,120961,120963,120965],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120958,34669],{"class":51},[45,120960,56],{"class":55},[45,120962,76],{"class":63},[45,120964,40],{"class":67},[45,120966,1194],{"class":63},[45,120968,120969,120971,120973,120975],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,120970,34690],{"class":51},[45,120972,102],{"class":59},[45,120974,34780],{"class":105},[45,120976,8627],{"class":59},[14,120978,120979,120980,33581],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[18,120981,64289],{},[14,120983,120984,120986],{},[18,120985,64289],{}," only works on lists.",[14,120988,120989,120990,120992,120993,102],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[18,120991,74262],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[364,120994,5127],{"href":5577},[1864,120996,120998,120999,119044],{"id":120997},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[18,121000,74262],{},[36,121002,121004],{"className":38,"code":121003,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,121005,121006,121019,121033,121037,121047],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121007,121008,121010,121012,121014,121017],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121009,34669],{"class":51},[45,121011,56],{"class":55},[45,121013,76],{"class":63},[45,121015,121016],{"class":67},"cab",[45,121018,1194],{"class":63},[45,121020,121021,121023,121025,121027,121029,121031],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,121022,220],{"class":51},[45,121024,56],{"class":55},[45,121026,74396],{"class":124},[45,121028,109],{"class":59},[45,121030,34690],{"class":105},[45,121032,118],{"class":59},[45,121034,121035],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121036,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,121038,121039,121041,121043,121045],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,121040,125],{"class":124},[45,121042,109],{"class":59},[45,121044,263],{"class":105},[45,121046,118],{"class":59},[45,121048,121049,121051,121053,121055,121057,121059],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,121050,125],{"class":124},[45,121052,109],{"class":59},[45,121054,1811],{"class":315},[45,121056,109],{"class":59},[45,121058,263],{"class":105},[45,121060,1802],{"class":59},[14,121062,121063],{},[26,121064,268],{},[36,121066,121068],{"className":38,"code":121067,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,121069,121070,121098],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121071,121072,121074,121076,121078,121080,121082,121084,121086,121088,121090,121092,121094,121096],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121073,278],{"class":59},[45,121075,429],{"class":63},[45,121077,364],{"class":67},[45,121079,429],{"class":63},[45,121081,73],{"class":59},[45,121083,438],{"class":63},[45,121085,373],{"class":67},[45,121087,429],{"class":63},[45,121089,73],{"class":59},[45,121091,438],{"class":63},[45,121093,382],{"class":67},[45,121095,429],{"class":63},[45,121097,93],{"class":59},[45,121099,121100,121102,121104,121106,121108,121110],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,121101,3284],{"class":55},[45,121103,3287],{"class":2059},[45,121105,438],{"class":63},[45,121107,316],{"class":67},[45,121109,429],{"class":63},[45,121111,3296],{"class":55},[14,121113,121114],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[31,121116,113565],{"id":113564},[14,121118,121119],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[157,121121,121122,121125,121130,121135,121141],{},[160,121123,121124],{},"confusing a function with a method",[160,121126,121127,121128,53627],{},"not knowing that ",[18,121129,64289],{},[160,121131,121132,121133,12585],{},"assigning the result of ",[18,121134,77705],{},[160,121136,121137,121138,121140],{},"trying to use ",[18,121139,64289],{}," on non-list data types",[160,121142,50488,121143,121145],{},[18,121144,74262],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121147,121148],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[36,121150,121152],{"className":38,"code":121151,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[18,121153,121154,121164,121178,121203,121218,121228],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121155,121156,121158,121160,121162],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121157,125],{"class":124},[45,121159,109],{"class":59},[45,121161,1765],{"class":105},[45,121163,118],{"class":59},[45,121165,121166,121168,121170,121172,121174,121176],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,121167,125],{"class":124},[45,121169,109],{"class":59},[45,121171,74352],{"class":124},[45,121173,109],{"class":59},[45,121175,1765],{"class":105},[45,121177,1802],{"class":59},[45,121179,121180,121182,121184,121186,121188,121190,121192,121195,121197,121199,121201],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121181,220],{"class":51},[45,121183,56],{"class":55},[45,121185,1780],{"class":51},[45,121187,102],{"class":59},[45,121189,34780],{"class":105},[45,121191,7353],{"class":59},[45,121193,121194],{"class":51},"; ",[45,121196,125],{"class":124},[45,121198,109],{"class":59},[45,121200,263],{"class":105},[45,121202,118],{"class":59},[45,121204,121205,121207,121209,121211,121213,121216],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,121206,125],{"class":124},[45,121208,109],{"class":59},[45,121210,1811],{"class":315},[45,121212,109],{"class":59},[45,121214,121215],{"class":105},"my_data",[45,121217,1802],{"class":59},[45,121219,121220,121222,121224,121226],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,121221,1822],{"class":124},[45,121223,109],{"class":59},[45,121225,74352],{"class":124},[45,121227,118],{"class":59},[45,121229,121230,121232,121234,121236,121238,121240],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,121231,1822],{"class":124},[45,121233,109],{"class":59},[45,121235,316],{"class":315},[45,121237,102],{"class":59},[45,121239,34780],{"class":1831},[45,121241,118],{"class":59},[14,121243,84211],{},[157,121245,121246,121249,121253,121261],{},[160,121247,121248],{},"whether your original list changed",[160,121250,26002,121251,11694],{},[18,121252,74262],{},[160,121254,121255,121256,121258,121259],{},"whether ",[18,121257,64289],{}," returned ",[18,121260,301],{},[160,121262,121263],{},"what type of object you are working with",[31,121265,121267],{"id":121266},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121269,121270],{},"Use this rule:",[157,121272,121273,121281],{},[160,121274,121275,121276,121278,121279],{},"Need a ",[26,121277,119369],{},": use ",[18,121280,74262],{},[160,121282,121283,121284,121278,121287],{},"Need to ",[26,121285,121286],{},"change one list directly",[18,121288,77705],{},[14,121290,121291,121292,121294],{},"For many beginners, ",[18,121293,74262],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[31,121296,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,121298,121300,121301,1742,121303,2485],{"id":121299},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[18,121302,74262],{},[18,121304,77705],{},[14,121306,121307,121309],{},[18,121308,74262],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1864,121311,5148,121313,5151,121315,2485],{"id":121312},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[18,121314,77705],{},[18,121316,301],{},[14,121318,121319],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1864,121321,5160,121323,121325],{"id":121322},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[18,121324,74262],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121327,121328],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1864,121330,28310,121332,121334],{"id":121331},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[18,121333,64289],{}," on a string?",[14,121336,46346,121337,121339,121340,39911],{},[18,121338,64289],{}," is a list method. Use ",[18,121341,121342],{},"sorted(string)",[1864,121344,11807,121346,1301,121348,121350],{"id":121345},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[18,121347,74262],{},[18,121349,64289],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121352,121353,121354,102],{},"Yes. Both support ",[18,121355,77929],{},[31,121357,1909],{"id":1908},[157,121359,121360,121366,121372,121376,121380],{},[160,121361,121362],{},[364,121363,3569,121364,3502],{"href":74359},[18,121365,74262],{},[160,121367,121368],{},[364,121369,3569,121370,10728],{"href":74613},[18,121371,77705],{},[160,121373,121374],{},[364,121375,79711],{"href":78214},[160,121377,121378],{},[364,121379,120663],{"href":120662},[160,121381,121382],{},[364,121383,52754],{"href":50961},[1936,121385,121386],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":121388},[121389,121390,121391,121395,121399,121402,121406,121410,121415,121425,121426,121427,121439],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":119457,"depth":96,"text":119458},{"id":117560,"depth":96,"text":119282,"children":121392},[121393],{"id":119524,"depth":121,"text":121394},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77771,"depth":96,"text":79733,"children":121396},[121397],{"id":119701,"depth":121,"text":121398},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119797,"depth":96,"text":119798,"children":121400},[121401],{"id":119823,"depth":121,"text":119824},{"id":120029,"depth":96,"text":121403,"children":121404},"When to use sorted()",[121405],{"id":120051,"depth":121,"text":120052},{"id":120186,"depth":96,"text":121407,"children":121408},"When to use list.sort()",[121409],{"id":120209,"depth":121,"text":120210},{"id":120323,"depth":96,"text":121411,"children":121412},"reverse and key work with both",[121413,121414],{"id":120354,"depth":121,"text":120355},{"id":120482,"depth":121,"text":120483},{"id":120666,"depth":96,"text":120667,"children":121416},[121417,121419,121421,121423],{"id":120673,"depth":121,"text":121418},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120797,"depth":121,"text":121420},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120946,"depth":121,"text":121422},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120997,"depth":121,"text":121424},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113564,"depth":96,"text":113565},{"id":121266,"depth":96,"text":121267},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":121428},[121429,121431,121433,121435,121437],{"id":121299,"depth":121,"text":121430},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121312,"depth":121,"text":121432},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121322,"depth":121,"text":121434},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121331,"depth":121,"text":121436},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121345,"depth":121,"text":121438},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119328,"description":121440},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121446,"title":42157,"body":121447,"description":123179,"extension":1958,"meta":123180,"navigation":241,"path":123181,"seo":123182,"stem":123183,"__hash__":123184},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121448,"toc":123136},[121449,121454,121459,121465,121467,121522,121526,121549,121554,121559,121564,121566,121597,121600,121614,121616,121618,121633,121638,121642,121645,121696,121700,121714,121721,121725,121729,121784,121788,121811,121815,121871,121875,121898,121902,121957,121961,121984,121988,122055,122059,122094,122100,122105,122110,122112,122126,122128,122202,122206,122226,122231,122238,122241,122253,122255,122324,122328,122365,122368,122393,122400,122409,122412,122424,122430,122436,122438,122444,122449,122528,122532,122573,122577,122579,122606,122609,122632,122635,122641,122644,122681,122693,122700,122702,122753,122756,122788,122791,122793,122800,122802,122817,122819,122876,122880,122904,122906,122911,122927,122934,122938,122941,123024,123034,123036,123041,123044,123050,123053,123059,123062,123068,123071,123078,123086,123088,123133],[10,121450,3569,121452,3573],{"id":121451},"python-str-function-explained",[18,121453,47665],{},[14,121455,32298,121456,121458],{},[18,121457,47665],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121460,121461,121462,121464],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,121463,47665],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[31,121466,34],{"id":33},[36,121468,121470],{"className":38,"code":121469,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121471,121472,121480,121494,121498,121508],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121473,121474,121476,121478],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121475,21612],{"class":51},[45,121477,56],{"class":55},[45,121479,45207],{"class":202},[45,121481,121482,121484,121486,121488,121490,121492],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,121483,34669],{"class":51},[45,121485,56],{"class":55},[45,121487,48886],{"class":315},[45,121489,109],{"class":59},[45,121491,9285],{"class":105},[45,121493,118],{"class":59},[45,121495,121496],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121497,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,121499,121500,121502,121504,121506],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,121501,125],{"class":124},[45,121503,109],{"class":59},[45,121505,34690],{"class":105},[45,121507,118],{"class":59},[45,121509,121510,121512,121514,121516,121518,121520],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,121511,125],{"class":124},[45,121513,109],{"class":59},[45,121515,1811],{"class":315},[45,121517,109],{"class":59},[45,121519,34690],{"class":105},[45,121521,1802],{"class":59},[14,121523,121524],{},[26,121525,268],{},[36,121527,121529],{"className":38,"code":121528,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121530,121531,121535],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121532,121533],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121534,2703],{"class":202},[45,121536,121537,121539,121541,121543,121545,121547],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,121538,3284],{"class":55},[45,121540,3287],{"class":2059},[45,121542,438],{"class":63},[45,121544,3436],{"class":67},[45,121546,429],{"class":63},[45,121548,3296],{"class":55},[14,121550,141,121551,121553],{},[18,121552,47665],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[31,121555,3671,121557,3674],{"id":121556},"what-str-does",[18,121558,47665],{},[14,121560,121561,121563],{},[18,121562,47665],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121565,2101],{},[157,121567,121568,121575,121582,121589],{},[160,121569,121570,121571,42136,121573],{},"An integer like ",[18,121572,585],{},[18,121574,42107],{},[160,121576,121577,121578,42136,121580],{},"A float like ",[18,121579,40125],{},[18,121581,48076],{},[160,121583,121584,121585,42136,121587],{},"A boolean like ",[18,121586,3598],{},[18,121588,6628],{},[160,121590,121591,121592,42136,121594],{},"A list like ",[18,121593,75084],{},[18,121595,121596],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121598,121599],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[157,121601,121602,121605,121608,121611],{},[160,121603,121604],{},"print it",[160,121606,121607],{},"combine it with other strings",[160,121609,121610],{},"save it to a file",[160,121612,121613],{},"use it in messages",[31,121615,2153],{"id":2152},[14,121617,7205],{},[36,121619,121621],{"className":38,"code":121620,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"str(object)\n",[18,121622,121623],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121624,121625,121627,121629,121631],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121626,3436],{"class":315},[45,121628,109],{"class":59},[45,121630,42380],{"class":315},[45,121632,118],{"class":59},[14,121634,20757,121635,121637],{},[18,121636,42380],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121639,121640,8211],{},[18,121641,47665],{},[14,121643,121644],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[36,121646,121648],{"className":38,"code":121647,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,121649,121650,121659,121682,121686],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121651,121652,121654,121656],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121653,5086],{"class":51},[45,121655,56],{"class":55},[45,121657,121658],{"class":202}," 100\n",[45,121660,121661,121663,121665,121667,121670,121672,121674,121676,121678,121680],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,121662,89845],{"class":51},[45,121664,56],{"class":55},[45,121666,76],{"class":63},[45,121668,121669],{"class":67},"Your score is ",[45,121671,64],{"class":63},[45,121673,2447],{"class":55},[45,121675,48886],{"class":315},[45,121677,109],{"class":59},[45,121679,85358],{"class":105},[45,121681,118],{"class":59},[45,121683,121684],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121685,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,121687,121688,121690,121692,121694],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,121689,125],{"class":124},[45,121691,109],{"class":59},[45,121693,89862],{"class":105},[45,121695,118],{"class":59},[14,121697,121698],{},[26,121699,268],{},[36,121701,121703],{"className":38,"code":121702,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Your score is 100\n",[18,121704,121705],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121706,121707,121710,121712],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121708,121709],{"class":51},"Your score ",[45,121711,12182],{"class":55},[45,121713,121658],{"class":202},[14,121715,2291,121716,121720],{},[364,121717,121718,2298],{"href":2294},[18,121719,2297],{}," can help you check.",[31,121722,121724],{"id":121723},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1864,121726,121728],{"id":121727},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[36,121730,121732],{"className":38,"code":121731,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121733,121734,121742,121756,121760,121770],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121735,121736,121738,121740],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121737,2213],{"class":51},[45,121739,56],{"class":55},[45,121741,2581],{"class":202},[45,121743,121744,121746,121748,121750,121752,121754],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,121745,34669],{"class":51},[45,121747,56],{"class":55},[45,121749,48886],{"class":315},[45,121751,109],{"class":59},[45,121753,2235],{"class":105},[45,121755,118],{"class":59},[45,121757,121758],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121759,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,121761,121762,121764,121766,121768],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,121763,125],{"class":124},[45,121765,109],{"class":59},[45,121767,34690],{"class":105},[45,121769,118],{"class":59},[45,121771,121772,121774,121776,121778,121780,121782],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,121773,125],{"class":124},[45,121775,109],{"class":59},[45,121777,1811],{"class":315},[45,121779,109],{"class":59},[45,121781,34690],{"class":105},[45,121783,1802],{"class":59},[14,121785,121786],{},[26,121787,268],{},[36,121789,121791],{"className":38,"code":121790,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121792,121793,121797],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121794,121795],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121796,2371],{"class":202},[45,121798,121799,121801,121803,121805,121807,121809],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,121800,3284],{"class":55},[45,121802,3287],{"class":2059},[45,121804,438],{"class":63},[45,121806,3436],{"class":67},[45,121808,429],{"class":63},[45,121810,3296],{"class":55},[1864,121812,121814],{"id":121813},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[36,121816,121818],{"className":38,"code":121817,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121819,121820,121829,121843,121847,121857],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121821,121822,121824,121826],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121823,40369],{"class":51},[45,121825,56],{"class":55},[45,121827,121828],{"class":202}," 3.14\n",[45,121830,121831,121833,121835,121837,121839,121841],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,121832,34669],{"class":51},[45,121834,56],{"class":55},[45,121836,48886],{"class":315},[45,121838,109],{"class":59},[45,121840,25132],{"class":105},[45,121842,118],{"class":59},[45,121844,121845],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121846,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,121848,121849,121851,121853,121855],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,121850,125],{"class":124},[45,121852,109],{"class":59},[45,121854,34690],{"class":105},[45,121856,118],{"class":59},[45,121858,121859,121861,121863,121865,121867,121869],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,121860,125],{"class":124},[45,121862,109],{"class":59},[45,121864,1811],{"class":315},[45,121866,109],{"class":59},[45,121868,34690],{"class":105},[45,121870,1802],{"class":59},[14,121872,121873],{},[26,121874,268],{},[36,121876,121878],{"className":38,"code":121877,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121879,121880,121884],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121881,121882],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121883,40159],{"class":202},[45,121885,121886,121888,121890,121892,121894,121896],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,121887,3284],{"class":55},[45,121889,3287],{"class":2059},[45,121891,438],{"class":63},[45,121893,3436],{"class":67},[45,121895,429],{"class":63},[45,121897,3296],{"class":55},[1864,121899,121901],{"id":121900},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[36,121903,121905],{"className":38,"code":121904,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121906,121907,121915,121929,121933,121943],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121908,121909,121911,121913],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121910,1185],{"class":51},[45,121912,56],{"class":55},[45,121914,6409],{"class":291},[45,121916,121917,121919,121921,121923,121925,121927],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,121918,34669],{"class":51},[45,121920,56],{"class":55},[45,121922,48886],{"class":315},[45,121924,109],{"class":59},[45,121926,28],{"class":105},[45,121928,118],{"class":59},[45,121930,121931],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121932,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,121934,121935,121937,121939,121941],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,121936,125],{"class":124},[45,121938,109],{"class":59},[45,121940,34690],{"class":105},[45,121942,118],{"class":59},[45,121944,121945,121947,121949,121951,121953,121955],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,121946,125],{"class":124},[45,121948,109],{"class":59},[45,121950,1811],{"class":315},[45,121952,109],{"class":59},[45,121954,34690],{"class":105},[45,121956,1802],{"class":59},[14,121958,121959],{},[26,121960,268],{},[36,121962,121964],{"className":38,"code":121963,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121965,121966,121970],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121967,121968],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121969,3971],{"class":291},[45,121971,121972,121974,121976,121978,121980,121982],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,121973,3284],{"class":55},[45,121975,3287],{"class":2059},[45,121977,438],{"class":63},[45,121979,3436],{"class":67},[45,121981,429],{"class":63},[45,121983,3296],{"class":55},[1864,121985,121987],{"id":121986},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[36,121989,121991],{"className":38,"code":121990,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121992,121993,122013,122027,122031,122041],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121994,121995,121997,121999,122001,122003,122005,122007,122009,122011],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121996,52],{"class":51},[45,121998,56],{"class":55},[45,122000,60],{"class":59},[45,122002,203],{"class":202},[45,122004,73],{"class":59},[45,122006,208],{"class":202},[45,122008,73],{"class":59},[45,122010,213],{"class":202},[45,122012,93],{"class":59},[45,122014,122015,122017,122019,122021,122023,122025],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,122016,34669],{"class":51},[45,122018,56],{"class":55},[45,122020,48886],{"class":315},[45,122022,109],{"class":59},[45,122024,99],{"class":105},[45,122026,118],{"class":59},[45,122028,122029],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122030,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,122032,122033,122035,122037,122039],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,122034,125],{"class":124},[45,122036,109],{"class":59},[45,122038,34690],{"class":105},[45,122040,118],{"class":59},[45,122042,122043,122045,122047,122049,122051,122053],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,122044,125],{"class":124},[45,122046,109],{"class":59},[45,122048,1811],{"class":315},[45,122050,109],{"class":59},[45,122052,34690],{"class":105},[45,122054,1802],{"class":59},[14,122056,122057],{},[26,122058,268],{},[36,122060,122062],{"className":38,"code":122061,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122063,122064,122080],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122065,122066,122068,122070,122072,122074,122076,122078],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122067,278],{"class":59},[45,122069,203],{"class":202},[45,122071,73],{"class":59},[45,122073,208],{"class":202},[45,122075,73],{"class":59},[45,122077,213],{"class":202},[45,122079,93],{"class":59},[45,122081,122082,122084,122086,122088,122090,122092],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,122083,3284],{"class":55},[45,122085,3287],{"class":2059},[45,122087,438],{"class":63},[45,122089,3436],{"class":67},[45,122091,429],{"class":63},[45,122093,3296],{"class":55},[14,122095,122096,122097,122099],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[26,122098,178],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[31,122101,4952,122103],{"id":122102},"when-to-use-str",[18,122104,47665],{},[14,122106,141,122107,122109],{},[18,122108,47665],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122111,36406],{},[157,122113,122114,122117,122120,122123],{},[160,122115,122116],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[160,122118,122119],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[160,122121,122122],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[160,122124,122125],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122127,345],{},[36,122129,122131],{"className":38,"code":122130,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,122132,122133,122145,122153,122157,122192],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122134,122135,122137,122139,122141,122143],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122136,7862],{"class":51},[45,122138,56],{"class":55},[45,122140,76],{"class":63},[45,122142,11498],{"class":67},[45,122144,1194],{"class":63},[45,122146,122147,122149,122151],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,122148,21612],{"class":51},[45,122150,56],{"class":55},[45,122152,45207],{"class":202},[45,122154,122155],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122156,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,122158,122159,122161,122163,122165,122167,122169,122171,122173,122175,122177,122179,122181,122183,122185,122187,122190],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,122160,89845],{"class":51},[45,122162,56],{"class":55},[45,122164,35950],{"class":51},[45,122166,2053],{"class":55},[45,122168,76],{"class":63},[45,122170,4774],{"class":67},[45,122172,64],{"class":63},[45,122174,2447],{"class":55},[45,122176,48886],{"class":315},[45,122178,109],{"class":59},[45,122180,9285],{"class":105},[45,122182,3654],{"class":59},[45,122184,2447],{"class":55},[45,122186,76],{"class":63},[45,122188,122189],{"class":67}," years old.",[45,122191,1194],{"class":63},[45,122193,122194,122196,122198,122200],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,122195,125],{"class":124},[45,122197,109],{"class":59},[45,122199,89862],{"class":105},[45,122201,118],{"class":59},[14,122203,122204],{},[26,122205,268],{},[36,122207,122209],{"className":38,"code":122208,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[18,122210,122211],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122212,122213,122216,122218,122220,122223],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122214,122215],{"class":51},"Maya ",[45,122217,12182],{"class":55},[45,122219,9292],{"class":202},[45,122221,122222],{"class":51}," years old",[45,122224,122225],{"class":59},".\n",[14,122227,122228,122229,102],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[364,122230,89531],{"href":89530},[31,122232,122234,10572,122236],{"id":122233},"str-vs-print",[18,122235,47665],{},[18,122237,46433],{},[14,122239,122240],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[157,122242,122243,122248],{},[160,122244,122245,122247],{},[18,122246,47665],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[160,122249,122250,122252],{},[18,122251,46433],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122254,345],{},[36,122256,122258],{"className":38,"code":122257,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,122259,122260,122268,122272,122286,122296,122310],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122261,122262,122264,122266],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122263,1185],{"class":51},[45,122265,56],{"class":55},[45,122267,2763],{"class":202},[45,122269,122270],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,122271,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,122273,122274,122276,122278,122280,122282,122284],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122275,34669],{"class":51},[45,122277,56],{"class":55},[45,122279,48886],{"class":315},[45,122281,109],{"class":59},[45,122283,28],{"class":105},[45,122285,118],{"class":59},[45,122287,122288,122290,122292,122294],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,122289,125],{"class":124},[45,122291,109],{"class":59},[45,122293,34690],{"class":105},[45,122295,118],{"class":59},[45,122297,122298,122300,122302,122304,122306,122308],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,122299,125],{"class":124},[45,122301,109],{"class":59},[45,122303,1811],{"class":315},[45,122305,109],{"class":59},[45,122307,34690],{"class":105},[45,122309,1802],{"class":59},[45,122311,122312,122314,122316,122318,122320,122322],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,122313,125],{"class":124},[45,122315,109],{"class":59},[45,122317,1811],{"class":315},[45,122319,109],{"class":59},[45,122321,28],{"class":105},[45,122323,1802],{"class":59},[14,122325,122326],{},[26,122327,268],{},[36,122329,122331],{"className":38,"code":122330,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,122332,122333,122337,122351],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122334,122335],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122336,46593],{"class":202},[45,122338,122339,122341,122343,122345,122347,122349],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,122340,3284],{"class":55},[45,122342,3287],{"class":2059},[45,122344,438],{"class":63},[45,122346,3436],{"class":67},[45,122348,429],{"class":63},[45,122350,3296],{"class":55},[45,122352,122353,122355,122357,122359,122361,122363],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122354,3284],{"class":55},[45,122356,3287],{"class":2059},[45,122358,438],{"class":63},[45,122360,2184],{"class":67},[45,122362,429],{"class":63},[45,122364,3296],{"class":55},[14,122366,122367],{},"Notice:",[157,122369,122370,122376,122381],{},[160,122371,122372,122375],{},[18,122373,122374],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[160,122377,122378,122380],{},[18,122379,46433],{}," only displayed values",[160,122382,122383,122385,122386,122388,122389,61278,122391],{},[18,122384,46433],{}," did not change ",[18,122387,28],{}," from ",[18,122390,2184],{},[18,122392,3436],{},[14,122394,122395,122396,102],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[364,122397,122398,2298],{"href":46430},[18,122399,46433],{},[31,122401,122403,10572,122405,122408],{"id":122402},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[18,122404,47665],{},[18,122406,122407],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122410,122411],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[157,122413,122414,122419],{},[160,122415,122416,122418],{},[18,122417,47665],{}," is the more readable text version",[160,122420,122421,122423],{},[18,122422,122407],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122425,122426,122427,122429],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[18,122428,47665],{}," much more often.",[14,122431,122432,122433,122435],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[18,122434,47665],{}," is usually the right choice.",[31,122437,4509],{"id":4508},[1864,122439,25757,122441,122443],{"id":122440},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[18,122442,47665],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122445,122446,122448],{},[18,122447,47665],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[36,122450,122452],{"className":38,"code":122451,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122453,122454,122462,122476,122480,122490,122504,122514],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122455,122456,122458,122460],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122457,21612],{"class":51},[45,122459,56],{"class":55},[45,122461,45207],{"class":202},[45,122463,122464,122466,122468,122470,122472,122474],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,122465,34669],{"class":51},[45,122467,56],{"class":55},[45,122469,48886],{"class":315},[45,122471,109],{"class":59},[45,122473,9285],{"class":105},[45,122475,118],{"class":59},[45,122477,122478],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122479,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,122481,122482,122484,122486,122488],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,122483,125],{"class":124},[45,122485,109],{"class":59},[45,122487,9285],{"class":105},[45,122489,118],{"class":59},[45,122491,122492,122494,122496,122498,122500,122502],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,122493,125],{"class":124},[45,122495,109],{"class":59},[45,122497,1811],{"class":315},[45,122499,109],{"class":59},[45,122501,9285],{"class":105},[45,122503,1802],{"class":59},[45,122505,122506,122508,122510,122512],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,122507,125],{"class":124},[45,122509,109],{"class":59},[45,122511,34690],{"class":105},[45,122513,118],{"class":59},[45,122515,122516,122518,122520,122522,122524,122526],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,122517,125],{"class":124},[45,122519,109],{"class":59},[45,122521,1811],{"class":315},[45,122523,109],{"class":59},[45,122525,34690],{"class":105},[45,122527,1802],{"class":59},[14,122529,122530],{},[26,122531,268],{},[36,122533,122535],{"className":38,"code":122534,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122536,122537,122541,122555,122559],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122538,122539],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122540,2703],{"class":202},[45,122542,122543,122545,122547,122549,122551,122553],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,122544,3284],{"class":55},[45,122546,3287],{"class":2059},[45,122548,438],{"class":63},[45,122550,2184],{"class":67},[45,122552,429],{"class":63},[45,122554,3296],{"class":55},[45,122556,122557],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122558,2703],{"class":202},[45,122560,122561,122563,122565,122567,122569,122571],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,122562,3284],{"class":55},[45,122564,3287],{"class":2059},[45,122566,438],{"class":63},[45,122568,3436],{"class":67},[45,122570,429],{"class":63},[45,122572,3296],{"class":55},[1864,122574,122576],{"id":122575},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122578,6675],{},[36,122580,122582],{"className":38,"code":122581,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[18,122583,122584,122592],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122585,122586,122588,122590],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122587,21612],{"class":51},[45,122589,56],{"class":55},[45,122591,45207],{"class":202},[45,122593,122594,122596,122598,122600,122602,122604],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,122595,34669],{"class":51},[45,122597,56],{"class":55},[45,122599,48886],{"class":315},[45,122601,109],{"class":59},[45,122603,9285],{"class":105},[45,122605,118],{"class":59},[14,122607,122608],{},"But if you only do this:",[36,122610,122612],{"className":38,"code":122611,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[18,122613,122614,122622],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122615,122616,122618,122620],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122617,21612],{"class":51},[45,122619,56],{"class":55},[45,122621,45207],{"class":202},[45,122623,122624,122626,122628,122630],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,122625,3436],{"class":315},[45,122627,109],{"class":59},[45,122629,9285],{"class":105},[45,122631,118],{"class":59},[14,122633,122634],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1864,122636,1736,122638,122640],{"id":122637},"using-str-too-early",[18,122639,47665],{}," too early",[14,122642,122643],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[36,122645,122647],{"className":38,"code":122646,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[18,122648,122649,122657,122672,122676],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122650,122651,122653,122655],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122652,40369],{"class":51},[45,122654,56],{"class":55},[45,122656,2581],{"class":202},[45,122658,122659,122662,122664,122666,122668,122670],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,122660,122661],{"class":51},"text_price ",[45,122663,56],{"class":55},[45,122665,48886],{"class":315},[45,122667,109],{"class":59},[45,122669,25132],{"class":105},[45,122671,118],{"class":59},[45,122673,122674],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122675,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,122677,122678],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,122679,122680],{"class":137},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122682,122683,122684,1742,122688,122692],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[364,122685,122686],{"href":2868},[18,122687,2871],{},[364,122689,122690],{"href":2874},[18,122691,2877],{},", depending on the situation.",[1864,122694,1722,122696,122699],{"id":122695},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[18,122697,122698],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122701,64621],{},[36,122703,122705],{"className":38,"code":122704,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[18,122706,122707,122739],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122708,122709,122711,122713,122715,122717,122719,122721,122723,122725,122727,122729,122731,122733,122735,122737],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122710,52],{"class":51},[45,122712,56],{"class":55},[45,122714,60],{"class":59},[45,122716,64],{"class":63},[45,122718,68],{"class":67},[45,122720,64],{"class":63},[45,122722,73],{"class":59},[45,122724,76],{"class":63},[45,122726,79],{"class":67},[45,122728,64],{"class":63},[45,122730,73],{"class":59},[45,122732,76],{"class":63},[45,122734,88],{"class":67},[45,122736,64],{"class":63},[45,122738,93],{"class":59},[45,122740,122741,122743,122745,122747,122749,122751],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,122742,125],{"class":124},[45,122744,109],{"class":59},[45,122746,3436],{"class":315},[45,122748,109],{"class":59},[45,122750,99],{"class":105},[45,122752,1802],{"class":59},[14,122754,122755],{},"prints:",[36,122757,122758],{"className":38,"code":1249,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,122759,122760],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122761,122762,122764,122766,122768,122770,122772,122774,122776,122778,122780,122782,122784,122786],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122763,278],{"class":59},[45,122765,429],{"class":63},[45,122767,68],{"class":67},[45,122769,429],{"class":63},[45,122771,73],{"class":59},[45,122773,438],{"class":63},[45,122775,79],{"class":67},[45,122777,429],{"class":63},[45,122779,73],{"class":59},[45,122781,438],{"class":63},[45,122783,88],{"class":67},[45,122785,429],{"class":63},[45,122787,93],{"class":59},[14,122789,122790],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[31,122792,17405],{"id":17404},[14,122794,122795,21959,122797,102],{},[18,122796,47665],{},[26,122798,122799],{},"new string",[14,122801,11447],{},[157,122803,122804,122807,122810],{},[160,122805,122806],{},"It always returns a string",[160,122808,122809],{},"It does not modify the original object",[160,122811,7751,122812,122816],{},[364,122813,122814],{"href":2294},[18,122815,2297],{}," to confirm the result",[14,122818,345],{},[36,122820,122822],{"className":38,"code":122821,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,122823,122824,122832,122847,122851,122862],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122825,122826,122828,122830],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122827,1185],{"class":51},[45,122829,56],{"class":55},[45,122831,14116],{"class":202},[45,122833,122834,122837,122839,122841,122843,122845],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,122835,122836],{"class":51},"converted ",[45,122838,56],{"class":55},[45,122840,48886],{"class":315},[45,122842,109],{"class":59},[45,122844,28],{"class":105},[45,122846,118],{"class":59},[45,122848,122849],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122850,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,122852,122853,122855,122857,122860],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,122854,125],{"class":124},[45,122856,109],{"class":59},[45,122858,122859],{"class":105},"converted",[45,122861,118],{"class":59},[45,122863,122864,122866,122868,122870,122872,122874],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,122865,125],{"class":124},[45,122867,109],{"class":59},[45,122869,1811],{"class":315},[45,122871,109],{"class":59},[45,122873,122859],{"class":105},[45,122875,1802],{"class":59},[14,122877,122878],{},[26,122879,268],{},[36,122881,122883],{"className":38,"code":122882,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122884,122885,122890],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122886,122887],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122888,122889],{"class":202},"99\n",[45,122891,122892,122894,122896,122898,122900,122902],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,122893,3284],{"class":55},[45,122895,3287],{"class":2059},[45,122897,438],{"class":63},[45,122899,3436],{"class":67},[45,122901,429],{"class":63},[45,122903,3296],{"class":55},[31,122905,113565],{"id":113564},[14,122907,122908,122909,74653],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[18,122910,47665],{},[157,122912,122913,122916,122919,122924],{},[160,122914,122915],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[160,122917,122918],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[160,122920,1736,122921,122923],{},[18,122922,47665],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[160,122925,122926],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,122928,122929,122930,102],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[364,122931,25662,122932],{"href":90243},[18,122933,90244],{},[31,122935,122937],{"id":122936},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,122939,122940],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[36,122942,122944],{"className":38,"code":122943,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,122945,122946,122954,122958,122968,122982,122986,123000,123010],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122947,122948,122950,122952],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122949,1185],{"class":51},[45,122951,56],{"class":55},[45,122953,45207],{"class":202},[45,122955,122956],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,122957,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,122959,122960,122962,122964,122966],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122961,125],{"class":124},[45,122963,109],{"class":59},[45,122965,28],{"class":105},[45,122967,118],{"class":59},[45,122969,122970,122972,122974,122976,122978,122980],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,122971,125],{"class":124},[45,122973,109],{"class":59},[45,122975,1811],{"class":315},[45,122977,109],{"class":59},[45,122979,28],{"class":105},[45,122981,1802],{"class":59},[45,122983,122984],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,122985,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,122987,122988,122990,122992,122994,122996,122998],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,122989,122836],{"class":51},[45,122991,56],{"class":55},[45,122993,48886],{"class":315},[45,122995,109],{"class":59},[45,122997,28],{"class":105},[45,122999,118],{"class":59},[45,123001,123002,123004,123006,123008],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,123003,125],{"class":124},[45,123005,109],{"class":59},[45,123007,122859],{"class":105},[45,123009,118],{"class":59},[45,123011,123012,123014,123016,123018,123020,123022],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,123013,125],{"class":124},[45,123015,109],{"class":59},[45,123017,1811],{"class":315},[45,123019,109],{"class":59},[45,123021,122859],{"class":105},[45,123023,1802],{"class":59},[14,123025,123026,123027,2185,123029,123031,123032,102],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[18,123028,2184],{},[18,123030,2188],{},", or another type into ",[18,123033,3436],{},[31,123035,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,123037,5133,123039,5136],{"id":123038},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[18,123040,47665],{},[14,123042,123043],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1864,123045,175,123047,123049],{"id":123046},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[18,123048,47665],{}," change the original variable?",[14,123051,123052],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1864,123054,5160,123056,123058],{"id":123055},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[18,123057,47665],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,123060,123061],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1864,123063,94429,123065,123067],{"id":123064},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[18,123066,47665],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,123069,123070],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1864,123072,14889,123074,57183,123076,2485],{"id":123073},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[18,123075,47665],{},[18,123077,46433],{},[14,123079,46346,123080,123082,123083,123085],{},[18,123081,47665],{}," converts to text. ",[18,123084,46433],{}," shows output.",[31,123087,1909],{"id":1908},[157,123089,123090,123096,123102,123108,123114,123123,123127],{},[160,123091,123092],{},[364,123093,123094,3502],{"href":46430},[18,123095,46433],{},[160,123097,123098],{},[364,123099,123100,3502],{"href":2294},[18,123101,2297],{},[160,123103,123104],{},[364,123105,123106,3502],{"href":2868},[18,123107,2871],{},[160,123109,123110],{},[364,123111,123112,3502],{"href":2874},[18,123113,2877],{},[160,123115,123116],{},[364,123117,123119,123120,123122],{"href":123118},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[18,123121,2184],{}," to string in Python",[160,123124,123125],{},[364,123126,90521],{"href":89530},[160,123128,123129],{},[364,123130,30328,123131],{"href":90243},[18,123132,90244],{},[1936,123134,123135],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":123137},[123138,123139,123141,123142,123148,123150,123152,123154,123163,123164,123165,123166,123178],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":121556,"depth":96,"text":123140},"What str() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":121723,"depth":96,"text":121724,"children":123143},[123144,123145,123146,123147],{"id":121727,"depth":121,"text":121728},{"id":121813,"depth":121,"text":121814},{"id":121900,"depth":121,"text":121901},{"id":121986,"depth":121,"text":121987},{"id":122102,"depth":96,"text":123149},"When to use str()",{"id":122233,"depth":96,"text":123151},"str() vs print()",{"id":122402,"depth":96,"text":123153},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":123155},[123156,123158,123159,123161],{"id":122440,"depth":121,"text":123157},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122575,"depth":121,"text":122576},{"id":122637,"depth":121,"text":123160},"Using str() too early",{"id":122695,"depth":121,"text":123162},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405},{"id":113564,"depth":96,"text":113565},{"id":122936,"depth":96,"text":122937},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":123167},[123168,123170,123172,123174,123176],{"id":123038,"depth":121,"text":123169},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123046,"depth":121,"text":123171},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123055,"depth":121,"text":123173},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123064,"depth":121,"text":123175},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123073,"depth":121,"text":123177},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42157,"description":123179},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123186,"title":123187,"body":123188,"description":124641,"extension":1958,"meta":124642,"navigation":241,"path":124643,"seo":124644,"stem":124645,"__hash__":124646},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123189,"toc":124603},[123190,123196,123202,123205,123227,123229,123291,123293,123306,123312,123317,123322,123324,123337,123348,123350,123377,123379,123396,123403,123414,123416,123421,123423,123435,123443,123452,123454,123457,123510,123512,123520,123528,123532,123537,123577,123579,123587,123590,123592,123632,123634,123642,123652,123658,123661,123734,123736,123749,123753,123758,123786,123789,123824,123826,123834,123837,123841,123845,123847,123863,123865,123905,123907,123915,123924,123967,123969,123977,123979,123983,123989,123992,124032,124034,124042,124047,124050,124093,124097,124100,124135,124140,124142,124181,124191,124199,124209,124217,124221,124226,124228,124269,124271,124279,124284,124287,124290,124308,124314,124318,124323,124326,124366,124368,124373,124472,124475,124491,124493,124512,124514,124521,124524,124530,124533,124539,124543,124549,124552,124558,124561,124563,124600],[10,123191,123193,123194,11311],{"id":123192},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[18,123195,57268],{},[14,123197,123198,123199,123201],{},"The Python string ",[18,123200,57268],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123203,123204],{},"This reference page explains:",[157,123206,123207,123211,123214,123216,123224],{},[160,123208,26002,123209,3674],{},[18,123210,57268],{},[160,123212,123213],{},"its syntax",[160,123215,35376],{},[160,123217,123218,123219,1301,123221,123223],{},"how ",[18,123220,36054],{},[18,123222,52643],{}," work",[160,123225,123226],{},"common beginner mistakes",[31,123228,34],{"id":33},[36,123230,123232],{"className":38,"code":123231,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,123233,123234,123246,123268],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123235,123236,123238,123240,123242,123244],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123237,34669],{"class":51},[45,123239,56],{"class":55},[45,123241,76],{"class":63},[45,123243,79],{"class":67},[45,123245,1194],{"class":63},[45,123247,123248,123250,123252,123254,123256,123258,123260,123262,123264,123266],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,123249,125],{"class":124},[45,123251,109],{"class":59},[45,123253,34690],{"class":105},[45,123255,102],{"class":59},[45,123257,1795],{"class":105},[45,123259,109],{"class":59},[45,123261,64],{"class":63},[45,123263,364],{"class":67},[45,123265,64],{"class":63},[45,123267,1802],{"class":59},[45,123269,123270,123272,123274,123276,123278,123280,123282,123284,123287,123289],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,123271,125],{"class":124},[45,123273,109],{"class":59},[45,123275,34690],{"class":105},[45,123277,102],{"class":59},[45,123279,1795],{"class":105},[45,123281,109],{"class":59},[45,123283,64],{"class":63},[45,123285,123286],{"class":67},"na",[45,123288,64],{"class":63},[45,123290,1802],{"class":59},[14,123292,268],{},[36,123294,123296],{"className":38,"code":123295,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3\n2\n",[18,123297,123298,123302],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123299,123300],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123301,46598],{"class":202},[45,123303,123304],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,123305,17042],{"class":202},[14,123307,141,123308,123311],{},[18,123309,123310],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[31,123313,12983,123315,12986],{"id":123314},"what-the-count-method-does",[18,123316,57268],{},[14,123318,123319,123321],{},[18,123320,57268],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123323,13039],{},[157,123325,123326,123329,123332,123334],{},[160,123327,123328],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[160,123330,123331],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[160,123333,43640],{},[160,123335,123336],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123338,123339,123340,123342,123343,2185,123345,123347],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[18,123341,18081],{}," characters are in ",[18,123344,1697],{},[18,123346,57268],{}," is a simple choice.",[31,123349,2153],{"id":2152},[36,123351,123353],{"className":38,"code":123352,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[18,123354,123355],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123356,123357,123359,123361,123363,123365,123367,123369,123371,123373,123375],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123358,61151],{"class":51},[45,123360,102],{"class":59},[45,123362,1795],{"class":105},[45,123364,109],{"class":59},[45,123366,28],{"class":105},[45,123368,73],{"class":59},[45,123370,36033],{"class":105},[45,123372,73],{"class":59},[45,123374,65018],{"class":105},[45,123376,118],{"class":59},[1864,123378,17381],{"id":17380},[157,123380,123381,123386,123391],{},[160,123382,123383,123385],{},[18,123384,28],{},": the text to search for",[160,123387,123388,123390],{},[18,123389,36054],{},": optional; where counting begins",[160,123392,123393,123395],{},[18,123394,52643],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123397,123398,1301,123400,123402],{},[18,123399,36054],{},[18,123401,52643],{}," work like slice positions:",[157,123404,123405,123410],{},[160,123406,123407,123409],{},[18,123408,36054],{}," is included",[160,123411,123412,75579],{},[18,123413,52643],{},[31,123415,17405],{"id":17404},[14,123417,123418,123420],{},[18,123419,57268],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123422,2120],{},[157,123424,123425,123430],{},[160,123426,123427,123428],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[18,123429,2056],{},[160,123431,123432,123433],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[18,123434,2114],{},[14,123436,40887,123437,5151,123439,1742,123441,102],{},[26,123438,178],{},[18,123440,3598],{},[18,123442,3667],{},[14,123444,123445,123446,123451],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[364,123447,123449,101439],{"href":123448},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[18,123450,976],{}," is often a better fit.",[31,123453,11464],{"id":11463},[14,123455,123456],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[36,123458,123460],{"className":38,"code":123459,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,123461,123462,123474,123496,123500],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123463,123464,123466,123468,123470,123472],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123465,34669],{"class":51},[45,123467,56],{"class":55},[45,123469,76],{"class":63},[45,123471,68],{"class":67},[45,123473,1194],{"class":63},[45,123475,123476,123478,123480,123482,123484,123486,123488,123490,123492,123494],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,123477,220],{"class":51},[45,123479,56],{"class":55},[45,123481,42823],{"class":51},[45,123483,102],{"class":59},[45,123485,1795],{"class":105},[45,123487,109],{"class":59},[45,123489,64],{"class":63},[45,123491,14],{"class":67},[45,123493,64],{"class":63},[45,123495,118],{"class":59},[45,123497,123498],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,123499,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,123501,123502,123504,123506,123508],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,123503,125],{"class":124},[45,123505,109],{"class":59},[45,123507,263],{"class":105},[45,123509,118],{"class":59},[14,123511,268],{},[36,123513,123514],{"className":38,"code":17042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,123515,123516],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123517,123518],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123519,17042],{"class":202},[14,123521,63797,123522,123525,123526,102],{},[18,123523,123524],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[18,123527,778],{},[31,123529,123531],{"id":123530},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123533,123534,123536],{},[18,123535,57268],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[36,123538,123540],{"className":38,"code":123539,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[18,123541,123542,123555],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123543,123544,123546,123548,123550,123553],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123545,34669],{"class":51},[45,123547,56],{"class":55},[45,123549,76],{"class":63},[45,123551,123552],{"class":67},"cat dog cat bird cat",[45,123554,1194],{"class":63},[45,123556,123557,123559,123561,123563,123565,123567,123569,123571,123573,123575],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,123558,125],{"class":124},[45,123560,109],{"class":59},[45,123562,34690],{"class":105},[45,123564,102],{"class":59},[45,123566,1795],{"class":105},[45,123568,109],{"class":59},[45,123570,64],{"class":63},[45,123572,37027],{"class":67},[45,123574,64],{"class":63},[45,123576,1802],{"class":59},[14,123578,268],{},[36,123580,123581],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,123582,123583],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123584,123585],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123586,46598],{"class":202},[14,123588,123589],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123591,345],{},[36,123593,123595],{"className":38,"code":123594,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[18,123596,123597,123610],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123598,123599,123601,123603,123605,123608],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123600,34669],{"class":51},[45,123602,56],{"class":55},[45,123604,76],{"class":63},[45,123606,123607],{"class":67},"one One one",[45,123609,1194],{"class":63},[45,123611,123612,123614,123616,123618,123620,123622,123624,123626,123628,123630],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,123613,125],{"class":124},[45,123615,109],{"class":59},[45,123617,34690],{"class":105},[45,123619,102],{"class":59},[45,123621,1795],{"class":105},[45,123623,109],{"class":59},[45,123625,64],{"class":63},[45,123627,6572],{"class":67},[45,123629,64],{"class":63},[45,123631,1802],{"class":59},[14,123633,268],{},[36,123635,123636],{"className":38,"code":17042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,123637,123638],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123639,123640],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123641,17042],{"class":202},[14,123643,123644,123645,123648,123649,123651],{},"The uppercase ",[18,123646,123647],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[18,123650,57268],{}," is case-sensitive.",[31,123653,1736,123654,1301,123656],{"id":65381},[18,123655,36054],{},[18,123657,52643],{},[14,123659,123660],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[36,123662,123664],{"className":38,"code":123663,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[18,123665,123666,123678,123704],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123667,123668,123670,123672,123674,123676],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123669,34669],{"class":51},[45,123671,56],{"class":55},[45,123673,76],{"class":63},[45,123675,79],{"class":67},[45,123677,1194],{"class":63},[45,123679,123680,123682,123684,123686,123688,123690,123692,123694,123696,123698,123700,123702],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,123681,125],{"class":124},[45,123683,109],{"class":59},[45,123685,34690],{"class":105},[45,123687,102],{"class":59},[45,123689,1795],{"class":105},[45,123691,109],{"class":59},[45,123693,64],{"class":63},[45,123695,364],{"class":67},[45,123697,64],{"class":63},[45,123699,73],{"class":59},[45,123701,208],{"class":202},[45,123703,1802],{"class":59},[45,123705,123706,123708,123710,123712,123714,123716,123718,123720,123722,123724,123726,123728,123730,123732],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,123707,125],{"class":124},[45,123709,109],{"class":59},[45,123711,34690],{"class":105},[45,123713,102],{"class":59},[45,123715,1795],{"class":105},[45,123717,109],{"class":59},[45,123719,64],{"class":63},[45,123721,364],{"class":67},[45,123723,64],{"class":63},[45,123725,73],{"class":59},[45,123727,208],{"class":202},[45,123729,73],{"class":59},[45,123731,4596],{"class":202},[45,123733,1802],{"class":59},[14,123735,268],{},[36,123737,123739],{"className":38,"code":123738,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"2\n1\n",[18,123740,123741,123745],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123742,123743],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123744,17042],{"class":202},[45,123746,123747],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,123748,46898],{"class":202},[1864,123750,123752],{"id":123751},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123754,123755,123756,1111],{},"In ",[18,123757,1697],{},[157,123759,123760,123768,123776],{},[160,123761,70935,123762,123764,123765],{},[18,123763,234],{}," starts at the first ",[18,123766,123767],{},"\"n\"",[160,123769,123770,123773,123774,75877],{},[18,123771,123772],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[18,123775,234],{},[160,123777,123778,123773,123781,123783,123784],{},[18,123779,123780],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[18,123782,234],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[18,123785,2131],{},[14,123787,123788],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[36,123790,123792],{"className":38,"code":123791,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[18,123793,123794,123806],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123795,123796,123798,123800,123802,123804],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123797,34669],{"class":51},[45,123799,56],{"class":55},[45,123801,76],{"class":63},[45,123803,79],{"class":67},[45,123805,1194],{"class":63},[45,123807,123808,123810,123812,123814,123816,123818,123820,123822],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,123809,125],{"class":124},[45,123811,109],{"class":59},[45,123813,34690],{"class":105},[45,123815,278],{"class":59},[45,123817,234],{"class":202},[45,123819,1111],{"class":59},[45,123821,2131],{"class":202},[45,123823,3880],{"class":59},[14,123825,268],{},[36,123827,123828],{"className":38,"code":41449,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,123829,123830],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123831,123832],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123833,41449],{"class":51},[14,123835,123836],{},"Only that section is searched.",[31,123838,123840],{"id":123839},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,123842,123843,123651],{},[18,123844,57268],{},[14,123846,2101],{},[157,123848,123849,123857],{},[160,123850,123851,1301,123853,123856],{},[18,123852,18081],{},[18,123854,123855],{},"\"A\""," are different",[160,123858,123859,1301,123861,123856],{},[18,123860,64512],{},[18,123862,90256],{},[14,123864,345],{},[36,123866,123868],{"className":38,"code":123867,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,123869,123870,123883],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123871,123872,123874,123876,123878,123881],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123873,34669],{"class":51},[45,123875,56],{"class":55},[45,123877,76],{"class":63},[45,123879,123880],{"class":67},"Apple apple APPLE",[45,123882,1194],{"class":63},[45,123884,123885,123887,123889,123891,123893,123895,123897,123899,123901,123903],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,123886,125],{"class":124},[45,123888,109],{"class":59},[45,123890,34690],{"class":105},[45,123892,102],{"class":59},[45,123894,1795],{"class":105},[45,123896,109],{"class":59},[45,123898,64],{"class":63},[45,123900,68],{"class":67},[45,123902,64],{"class":63},[45,123904,1802],{"class":59},[14,123906,268],{},[36,123908,123909],{"className":38,"code":46898,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,123910,123911],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123912,123913],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123914,46898],{"class":202},[14,123916,123917,123918,1111],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[364,123919,123921],{"href":123920},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[18,123922,123923],{},"lower()",[36,123925,123927],{"className":38,"code":123926,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,123928,123929,123941],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123930,123931,123933,123935,123937,123939],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123932,34669],{"class":51},[45,123934,56],{"class":55},[45,123936,76],{"class":63},[45,123938,123880],{"class":67},[45,123940,1194],{"class":63},[45,123942,123943,123945,123947,123949,123951,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961,123963,123965],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,123944,125],{"class":124},[45,123946,109],{"class":59},[45,123948,34690],{"class":105},[45,123950,102],{"class":59},[45,123952,8624],{"class":105},[45,123954,8621],{"class":59},[45,123956,1795],{"class":105},[45,123958,109],{"class":59},[45,123960,64],{"class":63},[45,123962,68],{"class":67},[45,123964,64],{"class":63},[45,123966,1802],{"class":59},[14,123968,268],{},[36,123970,123971],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,123972,123973],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123974,123975],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123976,46598],{"class":202},[31,123978,1709],{"id":1708},[14,123980,23077,123981,102],{},[18,123982,57268],{},[1864,123984,1722,123986,123988],{"id":123985},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[18,123987,57268],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,123990,123991],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[36,123993,123995],{"className":38,"code":123994,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,123996,123997,124010],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123998,123999,124001,124003,124005,124008],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124000,34669],{"class":51},[45,124002,56],{"class":55},[45,124004,76],{"class":63},[45,124006,124007],{"class":67},"Aardvark",[45,124009,1194],{"class":63},[45,124011,124012,124014,124016,124018,124020,124022,124024,124026,124028,124030],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,124013,125],{"class":124},[45,124015,109],{"class":59},[45,124017,34690],{"class":105},[45,124019,102],{"class":59},[45,124021,1795],{"class":105},[45,124023,109],{"class":59},[45,124025,64],{"class":63},[45,124027,364],{"class":67},[45,124029,64],{"class":63},[45,124031,1802],{"class":59},[14,124033,268],{},[36,124035,124036],{"className":38,"code":17042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,124037,124038],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124039,124040],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124041,17042],{"class":202},[14,124043,123644,124044,124046],{},[18,124045,123855],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,124048,124049],{},"If needed, convert first:",[36,124051,124053],{"className":38,"code":124052,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124054,124055,124067],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124056,124057,124059,124061,124063,124065],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124058,34669],{"class":51},[45,124060,56],{"class":55},[45,124062,76],{"class":63},[45,124064,124007],{"class":67},[45,124066,1194],{"class":63},[45,124068,124069,124071,124073,124075,124077,124079,124081,124083,124085,124087,124089,124091],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,124070,125],{"class":124},[45,124072,109],{"class":59},[45,124074,34690],{"class":105},[45,124076,102],{"class":59},[45,124078,8624],{"class":105},[45,124080,8621],{"class":59},[45,124082,1795],{"class":105},[45,124084,109],{"class":59},[45,124086,64],{"class":63},[45,124088,364],{"class":67},[45,124090,64],{"class":63},[45,124092,1802],{"class":59},[1864,124094,124096],{"id":124095},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124098,124099],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[36,124101,124103],{"className":38,"code":124102,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[18,124104,124105,124117],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124106,124107,124109,124111,124113,124115],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124108,34669],{"class":51},[45,124110,56],{"class":55},[45,124112,76],{"class":63},[45,124114,79],{"class":67},[45,124116,1194],{"class":63},[45,124118,124119,124121,124123,124125,124127,124129,124131,124133],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,124120,125],{"class":124},[45,124122,109],{"class":59},[45,124124,34690],{"class":105},[45,124126,102],{"class":59},[45,124128,1795],{"class":105},[45,124130,109],{"class":59},[45,124132,364],{"class":105},[45,124134,1802],{"class":59},[14,124136,124137,124138,102],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[18,124139,364],{},[14,124141,10795],{},[36,124143,124145],{"className":38,"code":124144,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124146,124147,124159],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124148,124149,124151,124153,124155,124157],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124150,34669],{"class":51},[45,124152,56],{"class":55},[45,124154,76],{"class":63},[45,124156,79],{"class":67},[45,124158,1194],{"class":63},[45,124160,124161,124163,124165,124167,124169,124171,124173,124175,124177,124179],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,124162,125],{"class":124},[45,124164,109],{"class":59},[45,124166,34690],{"class":105},[45,124168,102],{"class":59},[45,124170,1795],{"class":105},[45,124172,109],{"class":59},[45,124174,64],{"class":63},[45,124176,364],{"class":67},[45,124178,64],{"class":63},[45,124180,1802],{"class":59},[1864,124182,37184,124184,8689,124186,1742,124189],{"id":124183},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[18,124185,57268],{},[18,124187,124188],{},"find()",[18,124190,58944],{},[14,124192,141,124193,124195,124196,102],{},[18,124194,57268],{}," when you need the ",[26,124197,124198],{},"number of matches",[14,124200,141,124201,124195,124206,124208],{},[364,124202,124204],{"href":124203},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[18,124205,124188],{},[26,124207,64924],{}," of the first match.",[14,124210,141,124211,124216],{},[364,124212,124214],{"href":124213},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[18,124215,58944],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1864,124218,124220],{"id":124219},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124222,124223,124225],{},[18,124224,57268],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124227,345],{},[36,124229,124231],{"className":38,"code":124230,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[18,124232,124233,124246],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124234,124235,124237,124239,124241,124244],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124236,34669],{"class":51},[45,124238,56],{"class":55},[45,124240,76],{"class":63},[45,124242,124243],{"class":67},"aaaa",[45,124245,1194],{"class":63},[45,124247,124248,124250,124252,124254,124256,124258,124260,124262,124265,124267],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,124249,125],{"class":124},[45,124251,109],{"class":59},[45,124253,34690],{"class":105},[45,124255,102],{"class":59},[45,124257,1795],{"class":105},[45,124259,109],{"class":59},[45,124261,64],{"class":63},[45,124263,124264],{"class":67},"aa",[45,124266,64],{"class":63},[45,124268,1802],{"class":59},[14,124270,268],{},[36,124272,124273],{"className":38,"code":17042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,124274,124275],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124276,124277],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124278,17042],{"class":202},[14,124280,124281,124282,102],{},"It does not return ",[18,124283,2056],{},[14,124285,124286],{},"Why not?",[14,124288,124289],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[157,124291,124292,124301],{},[160,124293,124294,124297,124298],{},[18,124295,124296],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[18,124299,124300],{},"0-1",[160,124302,124303,124297,124305],{},[18,124304,124296],{},[18,124306,124307],{},"2-3",[14,124309,124310,124311,102],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[18,124312,124313],{},"1-2",[31,124315,4952,124316],{"id":58350},[18,124317,57268],{},[14,124319,141,124320,124322],{},[18,124321,57268],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124324,124325],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[157,124327,124328,124337,124347,124357],{},[160,124329,141,124330,124332,124333,124336],{},[18,124331,57268],{}," when you need ",[26,124334,124335],{},"how many times"," something appears",[160,124338,141,124339,124332,124343,124346],{},[364,124340,124341],{"href":124203},[18,124342,124188],{},[26,124344,124345],{},"where"," it appears",[160,124348,47792,124349,124353,124354],{},[364,124350,124351,101439],{"href":123448},[18,124352,976],{}," when you only need to know ",[26,124355,124356],{},"if it exists",[160,124358,141,124359,124365],{},[364,124360,124362],{"href":124361},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[18,124363,124364],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[31,124367,25925],{"id":25924},[14,124369,8860,124370,124372],{},[18,124371,57268],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[36,124374,124376],{"className":38,"code":124375,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,124377,124378,124388,124402,124424,124450],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124379,124380,124382,124384,124386],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124381,125],{"class":124},[45,124383,109],{"class":59},[45,124385,34690],{"class":105},[45,124387,118],{"class":59},[45,124389,124390,124392,124394,124396,124398,124400],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,124391,125],{"class":124},[45,124393,109],{"class":59},[45,124395,1811],{"class":315},[45,124397,109],{"class":59},[45,124399,34690],{"class":105},[45,124401,1802],{"class":59},[45,124403,124404,124406,124408,124410,124412,124414,124416,124418,124420,124422],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,124405,125],{"class":124},[45,124407,109],{"class":59},[45,124409,34690],{"class":105},[45,124411,102],{"class":59},[45,124413,1795],{"class":105},[45,124415,109],{"class":59},[45,124417,64],{"class":63},[45,124419,364],{"class":67},[45,124421,64],{"class":63},[45,124423,1802],{"class":59},[45,124425,124426,124428,124430,124432,124434,124436,124438,124440,124442,124444,124446,124448],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,124427,125],{"class":124},[45,124429,109],{"class":59},[45,124431,34690],{"class":105},[45,124433,102],{"class":59},[45,124435,8624],{"class":105},[45,124437,8621],{"class":59},[45,124439,1795],{"class":105},[45,124441,109],{"class":59},[45,124443,64],{"class":63},[45,124445,364],{"class":67},[45,124447,64],{"class":63},[45,124449,1802],{"class":59},[45,124451,124452,124454,124456,124458,124460,124462,124464,124466,124468,124470],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,124453,125],{"class":124},[45,124455,109],{"class":59},[45,124457,34690],{"class":105},[45,124459,102],{"class":59},[45,124461,1795],{"class":105},[45,124463,109],{"class":59},[45,124465,64],{"class":63},[45,124467,123286],{"class":67},[45,124469,64],{"class":63},[45,124471,1802],{"class":59},[14,124473,124474],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[157,124476,124477,124480,124485,124488],{},[160,124478,124479],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[160,124481,124482,124484],{},[18,124483,34690],{}," not being a string",[160,124486,124487],{},"counting the wrong substring",[160,124489,124490],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124492,58839],{},[157,124494,124495,124498,124501,124504],{},[160,124496,124497],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[160,124499,124500],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[160,124502,124503],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[160,124505,50474,124506,1739,124508,1742,124510,1745],{},[18,124507,57268],{},[18,124509,124188],{},[18,124511,976],{},[31,124513,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,124515,124517,124518,124520],{"id":124516},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[18,124519,57268],{}," change the original string?",[14,124522,124523],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1864,124525,14889,124527,124529],{"id":124526},"is-count-case-sensitive",[18,124528,57268],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124531,124532],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1864,124534,5133,124536,124538],{"id":124535},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[18,124537,57268],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124540,1877,124541,102],{},[18,124542,2114],{},[1864,124544,5160,124546,124548],{"id":124545},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[18,124547,57268],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124550,124551],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1864,124553,175,124555,124557],{"id":124554},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[18,124556,57268],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124559,124560],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[31,124562,1909],{"id":1908},[157,124564,124565,124572,124579,124586,124593],{},[160,124566,124567],{},[364,124568,124569],{"href":124203},[18,124570,124571],{},"Python string find() method",[160,124573,124574],{},[364,124575,124576],{"href":124213},[18,124577,124578],{},"Python string index() method",[160,124580,124581],{},[364,124582,124583],{"href":123920},[18,124584,124585],{},"Python string lower() method",[160,124587,124588],{},[364,124589,124590],{"href":123448},[18,124591,124592],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[160,124594,124595],{},[364,124596,124597],{"href":124361},[18,124598,124599],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1936,124601,124602],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":124604},[124605,124606,124608,124611,124612,124613,124614,124617,124618,124626,124627,124628,124640],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":123314,"depth":96,"text":124607},"What the count() method does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153,"children":124609},[124610],{"id":17380,"depth":121,"text":17381},{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":123530,"depth":96,"text":123531},{"id":65381,"depth":96,"text":66160,"children":124615},[124616],{"id":123751,"depth":121,"text":123752},{"id":123839,"depth":96,"text":123840},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":124619},[124620,124622,124623,124625],{"id":123985,"depth":121,"text":124621},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124095,"depth":121,"text":124096},{"id":124183,"depth":121,"text":124624},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124219,"depth":121,"text":124220},{"id":58350,"depth":96,"text":58980},{"id":25924,"depth":96,"text":25925},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":124629},[124630,124632,124634,124636,124638],{"id":124516,"depth":121,"text":124631},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124526,"depth":121,"text":124633},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124535,"depth":121,"text":124635},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124545,"depth":121,"text":124637},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124554,"depth":121,"text":124639},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123187,"description":124641},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124648,"title":124649,"body":124650,"description":126235,"extension":1958,"meta":126236,"navigation":241,"path":126237,"seo":126238,"stem":126239,"__hash__":126240},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124651,"toc":126208},[124652,124655,124658,124755,124764,124766,124785,124789,124792,124795,124808,124811,124840,124845,124850,124908,124910,124943,124949,124953,124956,124959,124988,124991,125018,125021,125024,125028,125031,125038,125101,125103,125121,125124,125128,125131,125134,125176,125179,125223,125226,125229,125233,125238,125241,125284,125286,125309,125312,125345,125348,125397,125407,125411,125414,125417,125446,125449,125460,125462,125521,125524,125528,125531,125534,125549,125558,125561,125595,125598,125625,125628,125635,125637,125640,125642,125645,125659,125668,125670,125697,125701,125704,125718,125721,125780,125784,125787,125814,125817,125844,125852,125855,125915,125917,125950,125954,125957,125976,125981,126030,126035,126037,126040,126099,126117,126119,126123,126131,126135,126138,126142,126148,126152,126162,126166,126169,126171,126205],[10,124653,124649],{"id":124654},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124656,124657],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[36,124659,124661],{"className":38,"code":124660,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[18,124662,124663,124675,124687,124696,124710,124714,124724,124734,124745],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124664,124665,124667,124669,124671,124673],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124666,7862],{"class":51},[45,124668,56],{"class":55},[45,124670,76],{"class":63},[45,124672,4995],{"class":67},[45,124674,1194],{"class":63},[45,124676,124677,124679,124681,124683,124685],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,124678,89845],{"class":51},[45,124680,56],{"class":55},[45,124682,438],{"class":63},[45,124684,34848],{"class":67},[45,124686,29681],{"class":63},[45,124688,124689,124692,124694],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,124690,124691],{"class":51},"empty ",[45,124693,56],{"class":55},[45,124695,7867],{"class":63},[45,124697,124698,124700,124702,124704,124706,124708],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,124699,34669],{"class":51},[45,124701,56],{"class":55},[45,124703,48886],{"class":315},[45,124705,109],{"class":59},[45,124707,50228],{"class":202},[45,124709,118],{"class":59},[45,124711,124712],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,124713,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,124715,124716,124718,124720,124722],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,124717,125],{"class":124},[45,124719,109],{"class":59},[45,124721,7656],{"class":105},[45,124723,118],{"class":59},[45,124725,124726,124728,124730,124732],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,124727,125],{"class":124},[45,124729,109],{"class":59},[45,124731,89862],{"class":105},[45,124733,118],{"class":59},[45,124735,124736,124738,124740,124743],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,124737,125],{"class":124},[45,124739,109],{"class":59},[45,124741,124742],{"class":105},"empty",[45,124744,118],{"class":59},[45,124746,124747,124749,124751,124753],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,124748,125],{"class":124},[45,124750,109],{"class":59},[45,124752,34690],{"class":105},[45,124754,118],{"class":59},[14,124756,124757,124760,124761,124763],{},[26,124758,124759],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[18,124762,47665],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[31,124765,15149],{"id":15148},[157,124767,124768,124771,124774,124777,124782],{},[160,124769,124770],{},"What a string is in Python",[160,124772,124773],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[160,124775,124776],{},"How to create an empty string",[160,124778,124779,124780],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[18,124781,47665],{},[160,124783,124784],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[31,124786,124788],{"id":124787},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,124790,124791],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,124793,124794],{},"Strings can contain:",[157,124796,124797,124800,124802,124805],{},[160,124798,124799],{},"Letters",[160,124801,56439],{},[160,124803,124804],{},"Spaces",[160,124806,124807],{},"Symbols",[14,124809,124810],{},"Examples of strings:",[36,124812,124814],{"className":38,"code":124813,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[18,124815,124816,124824,124832],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124817,124818,124820,124822],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124819,64],{"class":43310},[45,124821,3839],{"class":43314},[45,124823,1194],{"class":43310},[45,124825,124826,124828,124830],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,124827,64],{"class":43310},[45,124829,50228],{"class":43314},[45,124831,1194],{"class":43310},[45,124833,124834,124836,124838],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,124835,64],{"class":43310},[45,124837,88987],{"class":43314},[45,124839,1194],{"class":43310},[14,124841,20964,124842,124844],{},[18,124843,50278],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,124846,124847,124848,1111],{},"You can check the type with ",[18,124849,2297],{},[36,124851,124853],{"className":38,"code":124852,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,124854,124855,124867,124876,124880,124894],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124856,124857,124859,124861,124863,124865],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124858,34669],{"class":51},[45,124860,56],{"class":55},[45,124862,76],{"class":63},[45,124864,50228],{"class":67},[45,124866,1194],{"class":63},[45,124868,124869,124871,124873],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,124870,2213],{"class":51},[45,124872,56],{"class":55},[45,124874,124875],{"class":202}," 123\n",[45,124877,124878],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,124879,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,124881,124882,124884,124886,124888,124890,124892],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,124883,125],{"class":124},[45,124885,109],{"class":59},[45,124887,1811],{"class":315},[45,124889,109],{"class":59},[45,124891,34690],{"class":105},[45,124893,1802],{"class":59},[45,124895,124896,124898,124900,124902,124904,124906],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,124897,125],{"class":124},[45,124899,109],{"class":59},[45,124901,1811],{"class":315},[45,124903,109],{"class":59},[45,124905,2235],{"class":105},[45,124907,1802],{"class":59},[14,124909,268],{},[36,124911,124913],{"className":38,"code":124912,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,124914,124915,124929],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124916,124917,124919,124921,124923,124925,124927],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124918,3284],{"class":55},[45,124920,3287],{"class":2059},[45,124922,438],{"class":63},[45,124924,3436],{"class":67},[45,124926,429],{"class":63},[45,124928,3296],{"class":55},[45,124930,124931,124933,124935,124937,124939,124941],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,124932,3284],{"class":55},[45,124934,3287],{"class":2059},[45,124936,438],{"class":63},[45,124938,2184],{"class":67},[45,124940,429],{"class":63},[45,124942,3296],{"class":55},[14,124944,124945,124946,102],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[364,124947,124948],{"href":50957},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[31,124950,124952],{"id":124951},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,124954,124955],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,124957,124958],{},"You can use single quotes:",[36,124960,124962],{"className":38,"code":124961,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,124963,124964,124977],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124965,124966,124969,124971,124973,124975],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124967,124968],{"class":51},"greeting ",[45,124970,56],{"class":55},[45,124972,438],{"class":63},[45,124974,3839],{"class":67},[45,124976,29681],{"class":63},[45,124978,124979,124981,124983,124986],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,124980,125],{"class":124},[45,124982,109],{"class":59},[45,124984,124985],{"class":105},"greeting",[45,124987,118],{"class":59},[14,124989,124990],{},"Or double quotes:",[36,124992,124994],{"className":38,"code":124993,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,124995,124996,125008],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124997,124998,125000,125002,125004,125006],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124999,124968],{"class":51},[45,125001,56],{"class":55},[45,125003,76],{"class":63},[45,125005,3839],{"class":67},[45,125007,1194],{"class":63},[45,125009,125010,125012,125014,125016],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125011,125],{"class":124},[45,125013,109],{"class":59},[45,125015,124985],{"class":105},[45,125017,118],{"class":59},[14,125019,125020],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,125022,125023],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[31,125025,125027],{"id":125026},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,125029,125030],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,125032,125033,125034,1742,125036,1111],{},"Use either ",[18,125035,6259],{},[18,125037,3767],{},[36,125039,125041],{"className":38,"code":125040,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[18,125042,125043,125052,125061,125065,125076,125087],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125044,125045,125048,125050],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125046,125047],{"class":51},"empty1 ",[45,125049,56],{"class":55},[45,125051,7867],{"class":63},[45,125053,125054,125057,125059],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125055,125056],{"class":51},"empty2 ",[45,125058,56],{"class":55},[45,125060,47477],{"class":63},[45,125062,125063],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125064,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,125066,125067,125069,125071,125074],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,125068,125],{"class":124},[45,125070,109],{"class":59},[45,125072,125073],{"class":105},"empty1",[45,125075,118],{"class":59},[45,125077,125078,125080,125082,125085],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,125079,125],{"class":124},[45,125081,109],{"class":59},[45,125083,125084],{"class":105},"empty2",[45,125086,118],{"class":59},[45,125088,125089,125091,125093,125095,125097,125099],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,125090,125],{"class":124},[45,125092,109],{"class":59},[45,125094,1811],{"class":315},[45,125096,109],{"class":59},[45,125098,125073],{"class":105},[45,125100,1802],{"class":59},[14,125102,268],{},[36,125104,125105],{"className":38,"code":45752,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,125106,125107],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125108,125109,125111,125113,125115,125117,125119],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125110,3284],{"class":55},[45,125112,3287],{"class":2059},[45,125114,438],{"class":63},[45,125116,3436],{"class":67},[45,125118,429],{"class":63},[45,125120,3296],{"class":55},[14,125122,125123],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[31,125125,125127],{"id":125126},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125129,125130],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125132,125133],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[36,125135,125137],{"className":38,"code":125136,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125138,125139,125150,125155,125162,125166],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125140,125141,125143,125145,125148],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125142,89845],{"class":51},[45,125144,56],{"class":55},[45,125146,125147],{"class":63}," \"\"\"",[45,125149,88787],{"class":67},[45,125151,125152],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125153,125154],{"class":67},"Welcome to Python\n",[45,125156,125157,125160],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125158,125159],{"class":67},"Have a nice day",[45,125161,43318],{"class":63},[45,125163,125164],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,125165,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,125167,125168,125170,125172,125174],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,125169,125],{"class":124},[45,125171,109],{"class":59},[45,125173,89862],{"class":105},[45,125175,118],{"class":59},[14,125177,125178],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[36,125180,125182],{"className":38,"code":125181,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125183,125184,125196,125201,125209,125213],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125185,125186,125188,125190,125193],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125187,89845],{"class":51},[45,125189,56],{"class":55},[45,125191,125192],{"class":63}," '''",[45,125194,125195],{"class":67},"Line 1\n",[45,125197,125198],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125199,125200],{"class":67},"Line 2\n",[45,125202,125203,125206],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125204,125205],{"class":67},"Line 3",[45,125207,125208],{"class":63},"'''\n",[45,125210,125211],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,125212,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,125214,125215,125217,125219,125221],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,125216,125],{"class":124},[45,125218,109],{"class":59},[45,125220,89862],{"class":105},[45,125222,118],{"class":59},[14,125224,125225],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125227,125228],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[31,125230,125232],{"id":125231},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125234,16,125235,125237],{},[18,125236,47665],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125239,125240],{},"Example with a number:",[36,125242,125244],{"className":38,"code":125243,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,125245,125246,125260,125270],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125247,125248,125250,125252,125254,125256,125258],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125249,34669],{"class":51},[45,125251,56],{"class":55},[45,125253,48886],{"class":315},[45,125255,109],{"class":59},[45,125257,46507],{"class":202},[45,125259,118],{"class":59},[45,125261,125262,125264,125266,125268],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125263,125],{"class":124},[45,125265,109],{"class":59},[45,125267,34690],{"class":105},[45,125269,118],{"class":59},[45,125271,125272,125274,125276,125278,125280,125282],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125273,125],{"class":124},[45,125275,109],{"class":59},[45,125277,1811],{"class":315},[45,125279,109],{"class":59},[45,125281,34690],{"class":105},[45,125283,1802],{"class":59},[14,125285,268],{},[36,125287,125289],{"className":38,"code":125288,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,125290,125291,125295],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125292,125293],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125294,46593],{"class":202},[45,125296,125297,125299,125301,125303,125305,125307],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125298,3284],{"class":55},[45,125300,3287],{"class":2059},[45,125302,438],{"class":63},[45,125304,3436],{"class":67},[45,125306,429],{"class":63},[45,125308,3296],{"class":55},[14,125310,125311],{},"You can also convert other values:",[36,125313,125315],{"className":38,"code":125314,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[18,125316,125317,125331],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125318,125319,125321,125323,125325,125327,125329],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125320,125],{"class":124},[45,125322,109],{"class":59},[45,125324,3436],{"class":315},[45,125326,109],{"class":59},[45,125328,3598],{"class":291},[45,125330,1802],{"class":59},[45,125332,125333,125335,125337,125339,125341,125343],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125334,125],{"class":124},[45,125336,109],{"class":59},[45,125338,3436],{"class":315},[45,125340,109],{"class":59},[45,125342,40125],{"class":202},[45,125344,1802],{"class":59},[14,125346,125347],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[36,125349,125351],{"className":38,"code":125350,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125352,125353,125361,125383,125387],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125354,125355,125357,125359],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125356,21612],{"class":51},[45,125358,56],{"class":55},[45,125360,45207],{"class":202},[45,125362,125363,125365,125367,125369,125371,125373,125375,125377,125379,125381],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125364,89845],{"class":51},[45,125366,56],{"class":55},[45,125368,76],{"class":63},[45,125370,89263],{"class":67},[45,125372,64],{"class":63},[45,125374,2447],{"class":55},[45,125376,48886],{"class":315},[45,125378,109],{"class":59},[45,125380,9285],{"class":105},[45,125382,118],{"class":59},[45,125384,125385],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125386,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,125388,125389,125391,125393,125395],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,125390,125],{"class":124},[45,125392,109],{"class":59},[45,125394,89862],{"class":105},[45,125396,118],{"class":59},[14,125398,125399,125400,1742,125404,102],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[364,125401,3569,125402,3502],{"href":42156},[18,125403,47665],{},[364,125405,125406],{"href":123118},"how to convert int to string in Python",[31,125408,125410],{"id":125409},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125412,125413],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125415,125416],{},"Both of these are valid:",[36,125418,125420],{"className":38,"code":125419,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[18,125421,125422,125434],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125423,125424,125426,125428,125430,125432],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125425,2548],{"class":51},[45,125427,56],{"class":55},[45,125429,438],{"class":63},[45,125431,7284],{"class":67},[45,125433,29681],{"class":63},[45,125435,125436,125438,125440,125442,125444],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125437,2576],{"class":51},[45,125439,56],{"class":55},[45,125441,76],{"class":63},[45,125443,7284],{"class":67},[45,125445,1194],{"class":63},[14,125447,125448],{},"A common rule is:",[157,125450,125451,125454,125457],{},[160,125452,125453],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[160,125455,125456],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[160,125458,125459],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125461,345],{},[36,125463,125465],{"className":38,"code":125464,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125466,125467,125481,125495,125499,125510],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125468,125469,125472,125474,125476,125479],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125470,125471],{"class":51},"text1 ",[45,125473,56],{"class":55},[45,125475,76],{"class":63},[45,125477,125478],{"class":67},"It's working",[45,125480,1194],{"class":63},[45,125482,125483,125486,125488,125490,125493],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125484,125485],{"class":51},"text2 ",[45,125487,56],{"class":55},[45,125489,438],{"class":63},[45,125491,125492],{"class":67},"She said \"hello\"",[45,125494,29681],{"class":63},[45,125496,125497],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125498,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,125500,125501,125503,125505,125508],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,125502,125],{"class":124},[45,125504,109],{"class":59},[45,125506,125507],{"class":105},"text1",[45,125509,118],{"class":59},[45,125511,125512,125514,125516,125519],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,125513,125],{"class":124},[45,125515,109],{"class":59},[45,125517,125518],{"class":105},"text2",[45,125520,118],{"class":59},[14,125522,125523],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[31,125525,125527],{"id":125526},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125529,125530],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125532,125533],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[36,125535,125537],{"className":38,"code":125536,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[18,125538,125539,125544],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125540,125541],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125542,125543],{"class":137},"# This will cause an error\n",[45,125545,125546],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125547,125548],{"class":137},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125550,125551,125552,35311,125554,125557],{},"Python sees the second ",[18,125553,429],{},[18,125555,125556],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125559,125560],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[36,125562,125564],{"className":38,"code":125563,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[18,125565,125566,125585],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125567,125568,125570,125572,125574,125577,125580,125583],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125569,34669],{"class":51},[45,125571,56],{"class":55},[45,125573,438],{"class":63},[45,125575,125576],{"class":67},"It",[45,125578,125579],{"class":34434},"\\'",[45,125581,125582],{"class":67},"s working",[45,125584,29681],{"class":63},[45,125586,125587,125589,125591,125593],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125588,125],{"class":124},[45,125590,109],{"class":59},[45,125592,34690],{"class":105},[45,125594,118],{"class":59},[14,125596,125597],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[36,125599,125601],{"className":38,"code":125600,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125602,125603,125615],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125604,125605,125607,125609,125611,125613],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125606,34669],{"class":51},[45,125608,56],{"class":55},[45,125610,76],{"class":63},[45,125612,125478],{"class":67},[45,125614,1194],{"class":63},[45,125616,125617,125619,125621,125623],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125618,125],{"class":124},[45,125620,109],{"class":59},[45,125622,34690],{"class":105},[45,125624,118],{"class":59},[14,125626,125627],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125629,125630,125631,102],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[364,125632,125634],{"href":125633},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[31,125636,1709],{"id":1708},[14,125638,125639],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1864,125641,90052],{"id":90051},[14,125643,125644],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[36,125646,125648],{"className":38,"code":125647,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[18,125649,125650,125654],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125651,125652],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125653,125543],{"class":137},[45,125655,125656],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125657,125658],{"class":137},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125660,125661,125662,8585,125665,125667],{},"Python may raise a ",[18,125663,125664],{},"NameError",[18,125666,4995],{}," is not defined.",[14,125669,10795],{},[36,125671,125673],{"className":38,"code":125672,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[18,125674,125675,125687],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125676,125677,125679,125681,125683,125685],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125678,7862],{"class":51},[45,125680,56],{"class":55},[45,125682,76],{"class":63},[45,125684,4995],{"class":67},[45,125686,1194],{"class":63},[45,125688,125689,125691,125693,125695],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125690,125],{"class":124},[45,125692,109],{"class":59},[45,125694,7656],{"class":105},[45,125696,118],{"class":59},[1864,125698,125700],{"id":125699},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125702,125703],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[36,125705,125707],{"className":38,"code":125706,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[18,125708,125709,125713],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125710,125711],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125712,125543],{"class":137},[45,125714,125715],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125716,125717],{"class":137},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125719,125720],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[36,125722,125724],{"className":38,"code":125723,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125725,125726,125743,125756,125760,125770],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125727,125728,125730,125732,125734,125736,125738,125741],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125729,125471],{"class":51},[45,125731,56],{"class":55},[45,125733,438],{"class":63},[45,125735,125576],{"class":67},[45,125737,125579],{"class":34434},[45,125739,125740],{"class":67},"s good",[45,125742,29681],{"class":63},[45,125744,125745,125747,125749,125751,125754],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125746,125485],{"class":51},[45,125748,56],{"class":55},[45,125750,76],{"class":63},[45,125752,125753],{"class":67},"It's good",[45,125755,1194],{"class":63},[45,125757,125758],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125759,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,125761,125762,125764,125766,125768],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,125763,125],{"class":124},[45,125765,109],{"class":59},[45,125767,125507],{"class":105},[45,125769,118],{"class":59},[45,125771,125772,125774,125776,125778],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,125773,125],{"class":124},[45,125775,109],{"class":59},[45,125777,125518],{"class":105},[45,125779,118],{"class":59},[1864,125781,125783],{"id":125782},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,125785,125786],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[36,125788,125790],{"className":38,"code":125789,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125791,125792,125804],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125793,125794,125796,125798,125800,125802],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125795,34669],{"class":51},[45,125797,56],{"class":55},[45,125799,125147],{"class":63},[45,125801,3839],{"class":67},[45,125803,43318],{"class":63},[45,125805,125806,125808,125810,125812],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125807,125],{"class":124},[45,125809,109],{"class":59},[45,125811,34690],{"class":105},[45,125813,118],{"class":59},[14,125815,125816],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[36,125818,125820],{"className":38,"code":125819,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125821,125822,125834],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125823,125824,125826,125828,125830,125832],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125825,34669],{"class":51},[45,125827,56],{"class":55},[45,125829,76],{"class":63},[45,125831,3839],{"class":67},[45,125833,1194],{"class":63},[45,125835,125836,125838,125840,125842],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125837,125],{"class":124},[45,125839,109],{"class":59},[45,125841,34690],{"class":105},[45,125843,118],{"class":59},[1864,125845,4570,125847,1301,125849,125851],{"id":125846},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[18,125848,50228],{},[18,125850,50278],{}," are the same type",[14,125853,125854],{},"They are different:",[36,125856,125858],{"className":38,"code":125857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[18,125859,125860,125869,125882,125886,125900],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125861,125862,125865,125867],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125863,125864],{"class":51},"value1 ",[45,125866,56],{"class":55},[45,125868,124875],{"class":202},[45,125870,125871,125874,125876,125878,125880],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125872,125873],{"class":51},"value2 ",[45,125875,56],{"class":55},[45,125877,76],{"class":63},[45,125879,50228],{"class":67},[45,125881,1194],{"class":63},[45,125883,125884],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125885,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,125887,125888,125890,125892,125894,125896,125898],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,125889,125],{"class":124},[45,125891,109],{"class":59},[45,125893,1811],{"class":315},[45,125895,109],{"class":59},[45,125897,84608],{"class":105},[45,125899,1802],{"class":59},[45,125901,125902,125904,125906,125908,125910,125913],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,125903,125],{"class":124},[45,125905,109],{"class":59},[45,125907,1811],{"class":315},[45,125909,109],{"class":59},[45,125911,125912],{"class":105},"value2",[45,125914,1802],{"class":59},[14,125916,268],{},[36,125918,125920],{"className":38,"code":125919,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,125921,125922,125936],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125923,125924,125926,125928,125930,125932,125934],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125925,3284],{"class":55},[45,125927,3287],{"class":2059},[45,125929,438],{"class":63},[45,125931,2184],{"class":67},[45,125933,429],{"class":63},[45,125935,3296],{"class":55},[45,125937,125938,125940,125942,125944,125946,125948],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125939,3284],{"class":55},[45,125941,3287],{"class":2059},[45,125943,438],{"class":63},[45,125945,3436],{"class":67},[45,125947,429],{"class":63},[45,125949,3296],{"class":55},[1864,125951,125953],{"id":125952},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,125955,125956],{},"This causes a type error:",[36,125958,125960],{"className":38,"code":125959,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[18,125961,125962,125966,125971],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125963,125964],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125965,125543],{"class":137},[45,125967,125968],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125969,125970],{"class":137},"# age = 10\n",[45,125972,125973],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125974,125975],{"class":137},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,125977,125978,125979,1111],{},"Fix it with ",[18,125980,47665],{},[36,125982,125984],{"className":38,"code":125983,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125985,125986,125994,126016,126020],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125987,125988,125990,125992],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125989,21612],{"class":51},[45,125991,56],{"class":55},[45,125993,2581],{"class":202},[45,125995,125996,125998,126000,126002,126004,126006,126008,126010,126012,126014],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,125997,89845],{"class":51},[45,125999,56],{"class":55},[45,126001,76],{"class":63},[45,126003,89263],{"class":67},[45,126005,64],{"class":63},[45,126007,2447],{"class":55},[45,126009,48886],{"class":315},[45,126011,109],{"class":59},[45,126013,9285],{"class":105},[45,126015,118],{"class":59},[45,126017,126018],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126019,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,126021,126022,126024,126026,126028],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,126023,125],{"class":124},[45,126025,109],{"class":59},[45,126027,89862],{"class":105},[45,126029,118],{"class":59},[14,126031,126032,126033,102],{},"For this specific error, see ",[364,126034,90244],{"href":90243},[1864,126036,60687],{"id":60686},[14,126038,126039],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[36,126041,126043],{"className":38,"code":126042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[18,126044,126045,126057,126061,126071,126085],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126046,126047,126049,126051,126053,126055],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126048,34669],{"class":51},[45,126050,56],{"class":55},[45,126052,76],{"class":63},[45,126054,3839],{"class":67},[45,126056,1194],{"class":63},[45,126058,126059],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,126060,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,126062,126063,126065,126067,126069],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126064,125],{"class":124},[45,126066,109],{"class":59},[45,126068,34690],{"class":105},[45,126070,118],{"class":59},[45,126072,126073,126075,126077,126079,126081,126083],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,126074,125],{"class":124},[45,126076,109],{"class":59},[45,126078,1811],{"class":315},[45,126080,109],{"class":59},[45,126082,34690],{"class":105},[45,126084,1802],{"class":59},[45,126086,126087,126089,126091,126093,126095,126097],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,126088,125],{"class":124},[45,126090,109],{"class":59},[45,126092,41760],{"class":124},[45,126094,109],{"class":59},[45,126096,34690],{"class":105},[45,126098,1802],{"class":59},[157,126100,126101,126106,126111],{},[160,126102,126103,46259],{},[18,126104,126105],{},"print(text)",[160,126107,126108,46264],{},[18,126109,126110],{},"print(type(text))",[160,126112,126113,126116],{},[18,126114,126115],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[31,126118,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,126120,126122],{"id":126121},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126124,126125,126126,1742,126129,102],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[18,126127,126128],{},"'hello'",[18,126130,64512],{},[1864,126132,126134],{"id":126133},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126136,126137],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1864,126139,126141],{"id":126140},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126143,141,126144,1742,126146,102],{},[18,126145,6259],{},[18,126147,3767],{},[1864,126149,126151],{"id":126150},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126153,141,126154,126156,126157,126159,126160,102],{},[18,126155,47665],{},", like ",[18,126158,80218],{},", which returns ",[18,126161,42107],{},[1864,126163,126165],{"id":126164},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126167,126168],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[31,126170,1909],{"id":1908},[157,126172,126173,126177,126183,126188,126197,126201],{},[160,126174,126175],{},[364,126176,124948],{"href":50957},[160,126178,126179],{},[364,126180,3569,126181,3502],{"href":42156},[18,126182,47665],{},[160,126184,126185],{},[364,126186,126187],{"href":123118},"How to convert int to string in Python",[160,126189,126190],{},[364,126191,126193,126194,10728],{"href":126192},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[18,126195,126196],{},"format()",[160,126198,126199],{},[364,126200,125634],{"href":125633},[160,126202,126203],{},[364,126204,90244],{"href":90243},[1936,126206,126207],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":126209},[126210,126211,126212,126213,126214,126215,126216,126217,126218,126227,126234],{"id":15148,"depth":96,"text":15149},{"id":124787,"depth":96,"text":124788},{"id":124951,"depth":96,"text":124952},{"id":125026,"depth":96,"text":125027},{"id":125126,"depth":96,"text":125127},{"id":125231,"depth":96,"text":125232},{"id":125409,"depth":96,"text":125410},{"id":125526,"depth":96,"text":125527},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":126219},[126220,126221,126222,126223,126225,126226],{"id":90051,"depth":121,"text":90052},{"id":125699,"depth":121,"text":125700},{"id":125782,"depth":121,"text":125783},{"id":125846,"depth":121,"text":126224},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125952,"depth":121,"text":125953},{"id":60686,"depth":121,"text":60687},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":126228},[126229,126230,126231,126232,126233],{"id":126121,"depth":121,"text":126122},{"id":126133,"depth":121,"text":126134},{"id":126140,"depth":121,"text":126141},{"id":126150,"depth":121,"text":126151},{"id":126164,"depth":121,"text":126165},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124649,"description":126235},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126242,"title":126243,"body":126244,"description":128158,"extension":1958,"meta":128159,"navigation":241,"path":128160,"seo":128161,"stem":128162,"__hash__":128163},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126245,"toc":128119},[126246,126252,126257,126265,126267,126334,126336,126348,126357,126362,126366,126383,126385,126450,126452,126464,126469,126471,126499,126520,126523,126562,126564,126572,126576,126580,126584,126592,126595,126636,126638,126646,126649,126706,126708,126716,126720,126725,126769,126771,126779,126788,126792,126797,126845,126847,126855,126861,126863,126867,126879,126884,126963,126965,126985,126989,126993,127033,127035,127043,127047,127090,127092,127100,127104,127144,127146,127154,127158,127214,127216,127224,127230,127232,127236,127246,127313,127315,127328,127335,127378,127380,127388,127392,127395,127451,127453,127461,127464,127466,127543,127545,127553,127562,127564,127568,127572,127574,127596,127599,127646,127650,127689,127691,127699,127701,127743,127750,127755,127817,127819,127831,127837,127842,127891,127893,127912,127918,127920,127939,127941,128032,128034,128040,128047,128053,128059,128064,128073,128080,128088,128090,128116],[10,126247,123193,126249,11311],{"id":126248},"python-string-endswith-method",[18,126250,126251],{},"endswith()",[14,126253,123198,126254,126256],{},[18,126255,126251],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126258,126259,126260,1742,126262,126264],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[18,126261,3598],{},[18,126263,3667],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[31,126266,34],{"id":33},[36,126268,126270],{"className":38,"code":126269,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126271,126272,126286,126311],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126273,126274,126277,126279,126281,126284],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126275,126276],{"class":51},"filename ",[45,126278,56],{"class":55},[45,126280,76],{"class":63},[45,126282,126283],{"class":67},"report.csv",[45,126285,1194],{"class":63},[45,126287,126288,126290,126292,126295,126297,126300,126302,126304,126307,126309],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,126289,125],{"class":124},[45,126291,109],{"class":59},[45,126293,126294],{"class":105},"filename",[45,126296,102],{"class":59},[45,126298,126299],{"class":105},"endswith",[45,126301,109],{"class":59},[45,126303,64],{"class":63},[45,126305,126306],{"class":67},".csv",[45,126308,64],{"class":63},[45,126310,1802],{"class":59},[45,126312,126313,126315,126317,126319,126321,126323,126325,126327,126330,126332],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126314,125],{"class":124},[45,126316,109],{"class":59},[45,126318,126294],{"class":105},[45,126320,102],{"class":59},[45,126322,126299],{"class":105},[45,126324,109],{"class":59},[45,126326,64],{"class":63},[45,126328,126329],{"class":67},".txt",[45,126331,64],{"class":63},[45,126333,1802],{"class":59},[14,126335,268],{},[36,126337,126338],{"className":38,"code":44156,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,126339,126340,126344],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126341,126342],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126343,3971],{"class":291},[45,126345,126346],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,126347,4032],{"class":291},[14,126349,141,126350,5361,126352,1742,126354,126356],{},[18,126351,126251],{},[18,126353,3598],{},[18,126355,3667],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[31,126358,3671,126360,3674],{"id":126359},"what-endswith-does",[18,126361,126251],{},[14,126363,126364,1111],{},[18,126365,126251],{},[157,126367,126368,126371,126377,126380],{},[160,126369,126370],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[160,126372,11412,126373,1742,126375],{},[18,126374,3598],{},[18,126376,3667],{},[160,126378,126379],{},"Does not change the original string",[160,126381,126382],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126384,345],{},[36,126386,126388],{"className":38,"code":126387,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[18,126389,126390,126402,126406,126428],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126391,126392,126394,126396,126398,126400],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126393,34669],{"class":51},[45,126395,56],{"class":55},[45,126397,76],{"class":63},[45,126399,60383],{"class":67},[45,126401,1194],{"class":63},[45,126403,126404],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,126405,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,126407,126408,126410,126412,126414,126416,126418,126420,126422,126424,126426],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126409,125],{"class":124},[45,126411,109],{"class":59},[45,126413,34690],{"class":105},[45,126415,102],{"class":59},[45,126417,126299],{"class":105},[45,126419,109],{"class":59},[45,126421,64],{"class":63},[45,126423,60568],{"class":67},[45,126425,64],{"class":63},[45,126427,1802],{"class":59},[45,126429,126430,126432,126434,126436,126438,126440,126442,126444,126446,126448],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,126431,125],{"class":124},[45,126433,109],{"class":59},[45,126435,34690],{"class":105},[45,126437,102],{"class":59},[45,126439,126299],{"class":105},[45,126441,109],{"class":59},[45,126443,64],{"class":63},[45,126445,3839],{"class":67},[45,126447,64],{"class":63},[45,126449,1802],{"class":59},[14,126451,268],{},[36,126453,126454],{"className":38,"code":44156,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,126455,126456,126460],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126457,126458],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126459,3971],{"class":291},[45,126461,126462],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,126463,4032],{"class":291},[14,126465,126466,126467,102],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[364,126468,124948],{"href":50957},[31,126470,2153],{"id":2152},[36,126472,126474],{"className":38,"code":126473,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[18,126475,126476],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126477,126478,126480,126482,126484,126486,126489,126491,126493,126495,126497],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126479,61151],{"class":51},[45,126481,102],{"class":59},[45,126483,126299],{"class":105},[45,126485,109],{"class":59},[45,126487,126488],{"class":105},"suffix",[45,126490,73],{"class":59},[45,126492,36033],{"class":105},[45,126494,73],{"class":59},[45,126496,65018],{"class":105},[45,126498,118],{"class":59},[157,126500,126501,126506,126513],{},[160,126502,126503,126505],{},[18,126504,126488],{}," is required",[160,126507,126508,1301,126510,126512],{},[18,126509,36054],{},[18,126511,52643],{}," are optional",[160,126514,126515,1301,126517,126519],{},[18,126516,36054],{},[18,126518,52643],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126521,126522],{},"Basic example:",[36,126524,126526],{"className":38,"code":126525,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126527,126528,126540],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126529,126530,126532,126534,126536,126538],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126531,126276],{"class":51},[45,126533,56],{"class":55},[45,126535,76],{"class":63},[45,126537,86733],{"class":67},[45,126539,1194],{"class":63},[45,126541,126542,126544,126546,126548,126550,126552,126554,126556,126558,126560],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,126543,125],{"class":124},[45,126545,109],{"class":59},[45,126547,126294],{"class":105},[45,126549,102],{"class":59},[45,126551,126299],{"class":105},[45,126553,109],{"class":59},[45,126555,64],{"class":63},[45,126557,126329],{"class":67},[45,126559,64],{"class":63},[45,126561,1802],{"class":59},[14,126563,268],{},[36,126565,126566],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,126567,126568],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126569,126570],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126571,3971],{"class":291},[31,126573,126575],{"id":126574},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1864,126577,126578],{"id":126488},[18,126579,126488],{},[14,126581,126582,30731],{},[18,126583,126488],{},[157,126585,126586,126589],{},[160,126587,126588],{},"A single string",[160,126590,126591],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126593,126594],{},"Single suffix:",[36,126596,126598],{"className":38,"code":126597,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[18,126599,126600,126613],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126601,126602,126604,126606,126608,126611],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126603,7862],{"class":51},[45,126605,56],{"class":55},[45,126607,76],{"class":63},[45,126609,126610],{"class":67},"image.png",[45,126612,1194],{"class":63},[45,126614,126615,126617,126619,126621,126623,126625,126627,126629,126632,126634],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,126616,125],{"class":124},[45,126618,109],{"class":59},[45,126620,7656],{"class":105},[45,126622,102],{"class":59},[45,126624,126299],{"class":105},[45,126626,109],{"class":59},[45,126628,64],{"class":63},[45,126630,126631],{"class":67},".png",[45,126633,64],{"class":63},[45,126635,1802],{"class":59},[14,126637,268],{},[36,126639,126640],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,126641,126642],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126643,126644],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126645,3971],{"class":291},[14,126647,126648],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[36,126650,126652],{"className":38,"code":126651,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,126653,126654,126666],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126655,126656,126658,126660,126662,126664],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126657,7862],{"class":51},[45,126659,56],{"class":55},[45,126661,76],{"class":63},[45,126663,126610],{"class":67},[45,126665,1194],{"class":63},[45,126667,126668,126670,126672,126674,126676,126678,126680,126682,126685,126687,126689,126691,126693,126695,126697,126699,126702,126704],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,126669,125],{"class":124},[45,126671,109],{"class":59},[45,126673,7656],{"class":105},[45,126675,102],{"class":59},[45,126677,126299],{"class":105},[45,126679,5501],{"class":59},[45,126681,64],{"class":63},[45,126683,126684],{"class":67},".jpg",[45,126686,64],{"class":63},[45,126688,73],{"class":59},[45,126690,76],{"class":63},[45,126692,126631],{"class":67},[45,126694,64],{"class":63},[45,126696,73],{"class":59},[45,126698,76],{"class":63},[45,126700,126701],{"class":67},".gif",[45,126703,64],{"class":63},[45,126705,2905],{"class":59},[14,126707,268],{},[36,126709,126710],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,126711,126712],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126713,126714],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126715,3971],{"class":291},[1864,126717,126718],{"id":36054},[18,126719,36054],{},[14,126721,126722,126724],{},[18,126723,36054],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[36,126726,126728],{"className":38,"code":126727,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[18,126729,126730,126743],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126731,126732,126734,126736,126738,126741],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126733,34669],{"class":51},[45,126735,56],{"class":55},[45,126737,76],{"class":63},[45,126739,126740],{"class":67},"my_report.csv",[45,126742,1194],{"class":63},[45,126744,126745,126747,126749,126751,126753,126755,126757,126759,126761,126763,126765,126767],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,126746,125],{"class":124},[45,126748,109],{"class":59},[45,126750,34690],{"class":105},[45,126752,102],{"class":59},[45,126754,126299],{"class":105},[45,126756,109],{"class":59},[45,126758,64],{"class":63},[45,126760,126306],{"class":67},[45,126762,64],{"class":63},[45,126764,73],{"class":59},[45,126766,213],{"class":202},[45,126768,1802],{"class":59},[14,126770,268],{},[36,126772,126773],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,126774,126775],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126776,126777],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126778,3971],{"class":291},[14,126780,126781,126782,126784,126785,102],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[18,126783,2056],{}," onward, which is ",[18,126786,126787],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1864,126789,126790],{"id":52643},[18,126791,52643],{},[14,126793,126794,126796],{},[18,126795,52643],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[36,126798,126800],{"className":38,"code":126799,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[18,126801,126802,126815],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126803,126804,126806,126808,126810,126813],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126805,34669],{"class":51},[45,126807,56],{"class":55},[45,126809,76],{"class":63},[45,126811,126812],{"class":67},"report.csv backup",[45,126814,1194],{"class":63},[45,126816,126817,126819,126821,126823,126825,126827,126829,126831,126833,126835,126837,126839,126841,126843],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,126818,125],{"class":124},[45,126820,109],{"class":59},[45,126822,34690],{"class":105},[45,126824,102],{"class":59},[45,126826,126299],{"class":105},[45,126828,109],{"class":59},[45,126830,64],{"class":63},[45,126832,126306],{"class":67},[45,126834,64],{"class":63},[45,126836,73],{"class":59},[45,126838,3827],{"class":202},[45,126840,73],{"class":59},[45,126842,5991],{"class":202},[45,126844,1802],{"class":59},[14,126846,268],{},[36,126848,126849],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,126850,126851],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126852,126853],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126854,3971],{"class":291},[14,126856,126857,126858,126860],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[18,126859,126787],{}," and ignores the rest.",[31,126862,17405],{"id":17404},[14,126864,126865,25491],{},[18,126866,126251],{},[157,126868,126869,126874],{},[160,126870,126871,126873],{},[18,126872,3598],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[160,126875,126876,126878],{},[18,126877,3667],{}," if it does not",[14,126880,126881,126882,7159],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[18,126883,982],{},[36,126885,126887],{"className":38,"code":126886,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[18,126888,126889,126902,126906,126927,126942,126948],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126890,126891,126893,126895,126897,126900],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126892,126276],{"class":51},[45,126894,56],{"class":55},[45,126896,76],{"class":63},[45,126898,126899],{"class":67},"data.csv",[45,126901,1194],{"class":63},[45,126903,126904],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,126905,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,126907,126908,126910,126913,126915,126917,126919,126921,126923,126925],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126909,982],{"class":969},[45,126911,126912],{"class":51}," filename",[45,126914,102],{"class":59},[45,126916,126299],{"class":105},[45,126918,109],{"class":59},[45,126920,64],{"class":63},[45,126922,126306],{"class":67},[45,126924,64],{"class":63},[45,126926,8327],{"class":59},[45,126928,126929,126931,126933,126935,126938,126940],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,126930,8055],{"class":124},[45,126932,109],{"class":59},[45,126934,64],{"class":63},[45,126936,126937],{"class":67},"This is a CSV file.",[45,126939,64],{"class":63},[45,126941,118],{"class":59},[45,126943,126944,126946],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,126945,27415],{"class":969},[45,126947,1213],{"class":59},[45,126949,126950,126952,126954,126956,126959,126961],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,126951,8055],{"class":124},[45,126953,109],{"class":59},[45,126955,64],{"class":63},[45,126957,126958],{"class":67},"This is not a CSV file.",[45,126960,64],{"class":63},[45,126962,118],{"class":59},[14,126964,268],{},[36,126966,126968],{"className":38,"code":126967,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"This is a CSV file.\n",[18,126969,126970],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126971,126972,126974,126976,126978,126981,126983],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126973,49861],{"class":51},[45,126975,12182],{"class":55},[45,126977,44527],{"class":51},[45,126979,126980],{"class":34434},"CSV",[45,126982,86474],{"class":86473},[45,126984,122225],{"class":59},[31,126986,126988],{"id":126987},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1864,126990,126992],{"id":126991},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[36,126994,126996],{"className":38,"code":126995,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,126997,126998,127011],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126999,127000,127002,127004,127006,127009],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127001,126276],{"class":51},[45,127003,56],{"class":55},[45,127005,76],{"class":63},[45,127007,127008],{"class":67},"sales.csv",[45,127010,1194],{"class":63},[45,127012,127013,127015,127017,127019,127021,127023,127025,127027,127029,127031],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127014,125],{"class":124},[45,127016,109],{"class":59},[45,127018,126294],{"class":105},[45,127020,102],{"class":59},[45,127022,126299],{"class":105},[45,127024,109],{"class":59},[45,127026,64],{"class":63},[45,127028,126306],{"class":67},[45,127030,64],{"class":63},[45,127032,1802],{"class":59},[14,127034,268],{},[36,127036,127037],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,127038,127039],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127040,127041],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127042,3971],{"class":291},[1864,127044,127046],{"id":127045},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[36,127048,127050],{"className":38,"code":127049,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[18,127051,127052,127066],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127053,127054,127057,127059,127061,127064],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127055,127056],{"class":51},"url ",[45,127058,56],{"class":55},[45,127060,76],{"class":63},[45,127062,127063],{"class":67},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[45,127065,1194],{"class":63},[45,127067,127068,127070,127072,127075,127077,127079,127081,127083,127086,127088],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127069,125],{"class":124},[45,127071,109],{"class":59},[45,127073,127074],{"class":105},"url",[45,127076,102],{"class":59},[45,127078,126299],{"class":105},[45,127080,109],{"class":59},[45,127082,64],{"class":63},[45,127084,127085],{"class":67},"\u002F",[45,127087,64],{"class":63},[45,127089,1802],{"class":59},[14,127091,268],{},[36,127093,127094],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,127095,127096],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127097,127098],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127099,3971],{"class":291},[1864,127101,127103],{"id":127102},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[36,127105,127107],{"className":38,"code":127106,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[18,127108,127109,127122],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127110,127111,127113,127115,127117,127120],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127112,89845],{"class":51},[45,127114,56],{"class":55},[45,127116,76],{"class":63},[45,127118,127119],{"class":67},"Hello!",[45,127121,1194],{"class":63},[45,127123,127124,127126,127128,127130,127132,127134,127136,127138,127140,127142],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127125,125],{"class":124},[45,127127,109],{"class":59},[45,127129,89862],{"class":105},[45,127131,102],{"class":59},[45,127133,126299],{"class":105},[45,127135,109],{"class":59},[45,127137,64],{"class":63},[45,127139,89686],{"class":67},[45,127141,64],{"class":63},[45,127143,1802],{"class":59},[14,127145,268],{},[36,127147,127148],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,127149,127150],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127151,127152],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127153,3971],{"class":291},[1864,127155,127157],{"id":127156},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[36,127159,127161],{"className":38,"code":127160,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127162,127163,127176],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127164,127165,127167,127169,127171,127174],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127166,126276],{"class":51},[45,127168,56],{"class":55},[45,127170,76],{"class":63},[45,127172,127173],{"class":67},"photo.jpg",[45,127175,1194],{"class":63},[45,127177,127178,127180,127182,127184,127186,127188,127190,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210,127212],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127179,125],{"class":124},[45,127181,109],{"class":59},[45,127183,126294],{"class":105},[45,127185,102],{"class":59},[45,127187,126299],{"class":105},[45,127189,5501],{"class":59},[45,127191,64],{"class":63},[45,127193,126684],{"class":67},[45,127195,64],{"class":63},[45,127197,73],{"class":59},[45,127199,76],{"class":63},[45,127201,126631],{"class":67},[45,127203,64],{"class":63},[45,127205,73],{"class":59},[45,127207,76],{"class":63},[45,127209,126701],{"class":67},[45,127211,64],{"class":63},[45,127213,2905],{"class":59},[14,127215,268],{},[36,127217,127218],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,127219,127220],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127221,127222],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127223,3971],{"class":291},[14,127225,127226,127227,102],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[364,127228,127229],{"href":123448},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[31,127231,123840],{"id":123839},[14,127233,127234,123651],{},[18,127235,126251],{},[14,127237,127238,127239,1301,127242,127245],{},"That means ",[18,127240,127241],{},"\".CSV\"",[18,127243,127244],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[36,127247,127249],{"className":38,"code":127248,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[18,127250,127251,127264,127268,127290],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127252,127253,127255,127257,127259,127262],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127254,126276],{"class":51},[45,127256,56],{"class":55},[45,127258,76],{"class":63},[45,127260,127261],{"class":67},"REPORT.CSV",[45,127263,1194],{"class":63},[45,127265,127266],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127267,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,127269,127270,127272,127274,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127271,125],{"class":124},[45,127273,109],{"class":59},[45,127275,126294],{"class":105},[45,127277,102],{"class":59},[45,127279,126299],{"class":105},[45,127281,109],{"class":59},[45,127283,64],{"class":63},[45,127285,126306],{"class":67},[45,127287,64],{"class":63},[45,127289,1802],{"class":59},[45,127291,127292,127294,127296,127298,127300,127302,127304,127306,127309,127311],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,127293,125],{"class":124},[45,127295,109],{"class":59},[45,127297,126294],{"class":105},[45,127299,102],{"class":59},[45,127301,126299],{"class":105},[45,127303,109],{"class":59},[45,127305,64],{"class":63},[45,127307,127308],{"class":67},".CSV",[45,127310,64],{"class":63},[45,127312,1802],{"class":59},[14,127314,268],{},[36,127316,127318],{"className":38,"code":127317,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"False\nTrue\n",[18,127319,127320,127324],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127321,127322],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127323,4032],{"class":291},[45,127325,127326],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127327,3971],{"class":291},[14,127329,127330,127331,102],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[364,127332,127333],{"href":123920},[18,127334,123923],{},[36,127336,127338],{"className":38,"code":127337,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127339,127340,127352],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127341,127342,127344,127346,127348,127350],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127343,126276],{"class":51},[45,127345,56],{"class":55},[45,127347,76],{"class":63},[45,127349,127261],{"class":67},[45,127351,1194],{"class":63},[45,127353,127354,127356,127358,127360,127362,127364,127366,127368,127370,127372,127374,127376],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127355,125],{"class":124},[45,127357,109],{"class":59},[45,127359,126294],{"class":105},[45,127361,102],{"class":59},[45,127363,8624],{"class":105},[45,127365,8621],{"class":59},[45,127367,126299],{"class":105},[45,127369,109],{"class":59},[45,127371,64],{"class":63},[45,127373,126306],{"class":67},[45,127375,64],{"class":63},[45,127377,1802],{"class":59},[14,127379,268],{},[36,127381,127382],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,127383,127384],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127385,127386],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127387,3971],{"class":291},[31,127389,127391],{"id":127390},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127393,127394],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[36,127396,127398],{"className":38,"code":127397,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127399,127400,127413],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127401,127402,127404,127406,127408,127411],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127403,126276],{"class":51},[45,127405,56],{"class":55},[45,127407,76],{"class":63},[45,127409,127410],{"class":67},"picture.gif",[45,127412,1194],{"class":63},[45,127414,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425,127427,127429,127431,127433,127435,127437,127439,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127416,125],{"class":124},[45,127418,109],{"class":59},[45,127420,126294],{"class":105},[45,127422,102],{"class":59},[45,127424,126299],{"class":105},[45,127426,5501],{"class":59},[45,127428,64],{"class":63},[45,127430,126684],{"class":67},[45,127432,64],{"class":63},[45,127434,73],{"class":59},[45,127436,76],{"class":63},[45,127438,126631],{"class":67},[45,127440,64],{"class":63},[45,127442,73],{"class":59},[45,127444,76],{"class":63},[45,127446,126701],{"class":67},[45,127448,64],{"class":63},[45,127450,2905],{"class":59},[14,127452,268],{},[36,127454,127455],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,127456,127457],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127458,127459],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127460,3971],{"class":291},[14,127462,127463],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127465,52062],{},[36,127467,127469],{"className":38,"code":127468,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[18,127470,127471,127484,127519,127523],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127472,127473,127476,127478,127480,127482],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127474,127475],{"class":51},"document ",[45,127477,56],{"class":55},[45,127479,76],{"class":63},[45,127481,86733],{"class":67},[45,127483,1194],{"class":63},[45,127485,127486,127489,127491,127493,127495,127497,127499,127501,127503,127506,127508,127510,127512,127515,127517],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127487,127488],{"class":51},"allowed ",[45,127490,56],{"class":55},[45,127492,9222],{"class":59},[45,127494,64],{"class":63},[45,127496,126329],{"class":67},[45,127498,64],{"class":63},[45,127500,73],{"class":59},[45,127502,76],{"class":63},[45,127504,127505],{"class":67},".md",[45,127507,64],{"class":63},[45,127509,73],{"class":59},[45,127511,76],{"class":63},[45,127513,127514],{"class":67},".docx",[45,127516,64],{"class":63},[45,127518,118],{"class":59},[45,127520,127521],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127522,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,127524,127525,127527,127529,127532,127534,127536,127538,127541],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,127526,125],{"class":124},[45,127528,109],{"class":59},[45,127530,127531],{"class":105},"document",[45,127533,102],{"class":59},[45,127535,126299],{"class":105},[45,127537,109],{"class":59},[45,127539,127540],{"class":105},"allowed",[45,127542,1802],{"class":59},[14,127544,268],{},[36,127546,127547],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,127548,127549],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127550,127551],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127552,3971],{"class":291},[14,127554,127555,127556,102],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[364,127557,126193,127559,10728],{"href":127558},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[18,127560,127561],{},"startswith()",[31,127563,1709],{"id":1708},[14,127565,8431,127566,102],{},[18,127567,126251],{},[1864,127569,127571],{"id":127570},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127573,4516],{},[36,127575,127577],{"className":38,"code":127576,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[18,127578,127579,127591],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127580,127581,127583,127585,127587,127589],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127582,126276],{"class":51},[45,127584,56],{"class":55},[45,127586,76],{"class":63},[45,127588,127173],{"class":67},[45,127590,1194],{"class":63},[45,127592,127593],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127594,127595],{"class":137},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127597,127598],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[36,127600,127602],{"className":38,"code":127601,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[18,127603,127604,127616],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127605,127606,127608,127610,127612,127614],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127607,126276],{"class":51},[45,127609,56],{"class":55},[45,127611,76],{"class":63},[45,127613,127173],{"class":67},[45,127615,1194],{"class":63},[45,127617,127618,127620,127622,127624,127626,127628,127630,127632,127634,127636,127638,127640,127642,127644],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127619,125],{"class":124},[45,127621,109],{"class":59},[45,127623,126294],{"class":105},[45,127625,102],{"class":59},[45,127627,126299],{"class":105},[45,127629,5501],{"class":59},[45,127631,64],{"class":63},[45,127633,126684],{"class":67},[45,127635,64],{"class":63},[45,127637,73],{"class":59},[45,127639,76],{"class":63},[45,127641,126631],{"class":67},[45,127643,64],{"class":63},[45,127645,2905],{"class":59},[1864,127647,127649],{"id":127648},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[36,127651,127653],{"className":38,"code":127652,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127654,127655,127667],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127656,127657,127659,127661,127663,127665],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127658,126276],{"class":51},[45,127660,56],{"class":55},[45,127662,76],{"class":63},[45,127664,127261],{"class":67},[45,127666,1194],{"class":63},[45,127668,127669,127671,127673,127675,127677,127679,127681,127683,127685,127687],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127670,125],{"class":124},[45,127672,109],{"class":59},[45,127674,126294],{"class":105},[45,127676,102],{"class":59},[45,127678,126299],{"class":105},[45,127680,109],{"class":59},[45,127682,64],{"class":63},[45,127684,126306],{"class":67},[45,127686,64],{"class":63},[45,127688,1802],{"class":59},[14,127690,268],{},[36,127692,127693],{"className":38,"code":4032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,127694,127695],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127696,127697],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127698,4032],{"class":291},[14,127700,39243],{},[36,127702,127703],{"className":38,"code":127337,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,127704,127705,127717],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127706,127707,127709,127711,127713,127715],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127708,126276],{"class":51},[45,127710,56],{"class":55},[45,127712,76],{"class":63},[45,127714,127261],{"class":67},[45,127716,1194],{"class":63},[45,127718,127719,127721,127723,127725,127727,127729,127731,127733,127735,127737,127739,127741],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127720,125],{"class":124},[45,127722,109],{"class":59},[45,127724,126294],{"class":105},[45,127726,102],{"class":59},[45,127728,8624],{"class":105},[45,127730,8621],{"class":59},[45,127732,126299],{"class":105},[45,127734,109],{"class":59},[45,127736,64],{"class":63},[45,127738,126306],{"class":67},[45,127740,64],{"class":63},[45,127742,1802],{"class":59},[1864,127744,37184,127746,8689,127748],{"id":127745},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[18,127747,126251],{},[18,127749,976],{},[14,127751,127752,127754],{},[18,127753,126251],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[36,127756,127758],{"className":38,"code":127757,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[18,127759,127760,127773,127777,127799],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127761,127762,127764,127766,127768,127771],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127763,34669],{"class":51},[45,127765,56],{"class":55},[45,127767,76],{"class":63},[45,127769,127770],{"class":67},"my_report.csv.backup",[45,127772,1194],{"class":63},[45,127774,127775],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127776,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,127778,127779,127781,127783,127785,127787,127789,127791,127793,127795,127797],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127780,125],{"class":124},[45,127782,109],{"class":59},[45,127784,34690],{"class":105},[45,127786,102],{"class":59},[45,127788,126299],{"class":105},[45,127790,109],{"class":59},[45,127792,64],{"class":63},[45,127794,126306],{"class":67},[45,127796,64],{"class":63},[45,127798,1802],{"class":59},[45,127800,127801,127803,127805,127807,127809,127811,127813,127815],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,127802,125],{"class":124},[45,127804,109],{"class":59},[45,127806,64],{"class":63},[45,127808,126306],{"class":67},[45,127810,64],{"class":63},[45,127812,1134],{"class":969},[45,127814,42823],{"class":105},[45,127816,118],{"class":59},[14,127818,268],{},[36,127820,127821],{"className":38,"code":127317,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,127822,127823,127827],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127824,127825],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127826,4032],{"class":291},[45,127828,127829],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127830,3971],{"class":291},[1864,127832,1722,127834,127836],{"id":127833},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[18,127835,126251],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,127838,127839,127841],{},[18,127840,126251],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[36,127843,127845],{"className":38,"code":127844,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[18,127846,127847,127859,127881],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127848,127849,127851,127853,127855,127857],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127850,126276],{"class":51},[45,127852,56],{"class":55},[45,127854,76],{"class":63},[45,127856,126283],{"class":67},[45,127858,1194],{"class":63},[45,127860,127861,127863,127865,127867,127869,127871,127873,127875,127877,127879],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127862,125],{"class":124},[45,127864,109],{"class":59},[45,127866,126294],{"class":105},[45,127868,102],{"class":59},[45,127870,126299],{"class":105},[45,127872,109],{"class":59},[45,127874,64],{"class":63},[45,127876,126306],{"class":67},[45,127878,64],{"class":63},[45,127880,1802],{"class":59},[45,127882,127883,127885,127887,127889],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127884,125],{"class":124},[45,127886,109],{"class":59},[45,127888,126294],{"class":105},[45,127890,118],{"class":59},[14,127892,268],{},[36,127894,127896],{"className":38,"code":127895,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nreport.csv\n",[18,127897,127898,127902],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127899,127900],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127901,3971],{"class":291},[45,127903,127904,127907,127909],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127905,127906],{"class":51},"report",[45,127908,102],{"class":59},[45,127910,127911],{"class":1831},"csv\n",[14,127913,127914,127915,102],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[364,127916,127917],{"href":124361},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,127919,66034],{},[157,127921,127922,127925,127928,127931],{},[160,127923,127924],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[160,127926,127927],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[160,127929,127930],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[160,127932,1736,127933,1739,127935,1742,127937,111390],{},[18,127934,126251],{},[18,127936,124364],{},[18,127938,41634],{},[14,127940,30116],{},[36,127942,127944],{"className":38,"code":127943,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,127945,127946,127956,127970,127992,128018],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127947,127948,127950,127952,127954],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127949,125],{"class":124},[45,127951,109],{"class":59},[45,127953,34690],{"class":105},[45,127955,118],{"class":59},[45,127957,127958,127960,127962,127964,127966,127968],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,127959,125],{"class":124},[45,127961,109],{"class":59},[45,127963,41760],{"class":124},[45,127965,109],{"class":59},[45,127967,34690],{"class":105},[45,127969,1802],{"class":59},[45,127971,127972,127974,127976,127978,127980,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127973,125],{"class":124},[45,127975,109],{"class":59},[45,127977,34690],{"class":105},[45,127979,102],{"class":59},[45,127981,126299],{"class":105},[45,127983,109],{"class":59},[45,127985,429],{"class":63},[45,127987,126306],{"class":67},[45,127989,429],{"class":63},[45,127991,1802],{"class":59},[45,127993,127994,127996,127998,128000,128002,128004,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014,128016],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,127995,125],{"class":124},[45,127997,109],{"class":59},[45,127999,34690],{"class":105},[45,128001,102],{"class":59},[45,128003,8624],{"class":105},[45,128005,8621],{"class":59},[45,128007,126299],{"class":105},[45,128009,109],{"class":59},[45,128011,429],{"class":63},[45,128013,126306],{"class":67},[45,128015,429],{"class":63},[45,128017,1802],{"class":59},[45,128019,128020,128022,128024,128026,128028,128030],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,128021,125],{"class":124},[45,128023,109],{"class":59},[45,128025,1811],{"class":315},[45,128027,109],{"class":59},[45,128029,34690],{"class":105},[45,128031,1802],{"class":59},[31,128033,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,128035,175,128037,128039],{"id":128036},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[18,128038,126251],{}," change the string?",[14,128041,128042,128043,1742,128045,102],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[18,128044,3598],{},[18,128046,3667],{},[1864,128048,5160,128050,128052],{"id":128049},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[18,128051,126251],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,128054,128055,128056,102],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[18,128057,128058],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1864,128060,14889,128062,124529],{"id":128061},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[18,128063,126251],{},[14,128065,128066,128067,1742,128069,128072],{},"Yes. Use ",[18,128068,123923],{},[18,128070,128071],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1864,128074,5170,128076,1301,128078,2485],{"id":128075},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[18,128077,126251],{},[18,128079,124188],{},[14,128081,128082,128084,128085,128087],{},[18,128083,126251],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[18,128086,124188],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[31,128089,1909],{"id":1908},[157,128091,128092,128098,128104,128108,128112],{},[160,128093,128094],{},[364,128095,126193,128096,10728],{"href":127558},[18,128097,127561],{},[160,128099,128100],{},[364,128101,126193,128102,10728],{"href":123920},[18,128103,123923],{},[160,128105,128106],{},[364,128107,124592],{"href":123448},[160,128109,128110],{},[364,128111,124599],{"href":124361},[160,128113,128114],{},[364,128115,124948],{"href":50957},[1936,128117,128118],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":128120},[128121,128122,128124,128125,128130,128131,128137,128138,128139,128147,128157],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":126359,"depth":96,"text":128123},"What endswith() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":126574,"depth":96,"text":126575,"children":128126},[128127,128128,128129],{"id":126488,"depth":121,"text":126488},{"id":36054,"depth":121,"text":36054},{"id":52643,"depth":121,"text":52643},{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405},{"id":126987,"depth":96,"text":126988,"children":128132},[128133,128134,128135,128136],{"id":126991,"depth":121,"text":126992},{"id":127045,"depth":121,"text":127046},{"id":127102,"depth":121,"text":127103},{"id":127156,"depth":121,"text":127157},{"id":123839,"depth":96,"text":123840},{"id":127390,"depth":96,"text":127391},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":128140},[128141,128142,128143,128145],{"id":127570,"depth":121,"text":127571},{"id":127648,"depth":121,"text":127649},{"id":127745,"depth":121,"text":128144},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127833,"depth":121,"text":128146},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":128148},[128149,128151,128153,128155],{"id":128036,"depth":121,"text":128150},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128049,"depth":121,"text":128152},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128061,"depth":121,"text":128154},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128075,"depth":121,"text":128156},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126243,"description":128158},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128165,"title":128166,"body":128167,"description":129835,"extension":1958,"meta":129836,"navigation":241,"path":129837,"seo":129838,"stem":129839,"__hash__":129840},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128168,"toc":129808},[128169,128174,128179,128184,128189,128282,128292,128297,128302,128317,128319,128401,128409,128411,128413,128440,128442,128458,128465,128467,128575,128577,128582,128598,128600,128695,128703,128706,128712,128717,128722,128729,128868,128871,128884,128886,128890,128897,128967,128970,129019,129026,129033,129047,129052,129057,129103,129149,129165,129167,129172,129186,129189,129311,129316,129318,129323,129356,129359,129435,129437,129446,129460,129463,129547,129550,129661,129664,129692,129694,129701,129705,129711,129714,129720,129723,129730,129741,129747,129754,129756,129805],[10,128170,123193,128172,11311],{"id":128171},"python-string-find-method",[18,128173,124188],{},[14,128175,123198,128176,128178],{},[18,128177,124188],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128180,128181,128182,102],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[18,128183,65825],{},[14,128185,141,128186,128188],{},[18,128187,124188],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[36,128190,128192],{"className":38,"code":128191,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[18,128193,128194,128206,128229,128242,128246,128269],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128195,128196,128198,128200,128202,128204],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128197,34669],{"class":51},[45,128199,56],{"class":55},[45,128201,76],{"class":63},[45,128203,60383],{"class":67},[45,128205,1194],{"class":63},[45,128207,128208,128210,128212,128214,128216,128219,128221,128223,128225,128227],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,128209,64897],{"class":51},[45,128211,56],{"class":55},[45,128213,42823],{"class":51},[45,128215,102],{"class":59},[45,128217,128218],{"class":105},"find",[45,128220,109],{"class":59},[45,128222,64],{"class":63},[45,128224,60568],{"class":67},[45,128226,64],{"class":63},[45,128228,118],{"class":59},[45,128230,128231,128233,128235,128237,128239],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,128232,125],{"class":124},[45,128234,109],{"class":59},[45,128236,64924],{"class":105},[45,128238,3654],{"class":59},[45,128240,128241],{"class":137},"   # 6\n",[45,128243,128244],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,128245,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,128247,128248,128251,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,128249,128250],{"class":51},"missing ",[45,128252,56],{"class":55},[45,128254,42823],{"class":51},[45,128256,102],{"class":59},[45,128258,128218],{"class":105},[45,128260,109],{"class":59},[45,128262,64],{"class":63},[45,128264,40],{"class":67},[45,128266,64],{"class":63},[45,128268,118],{"class":59},[45,128270,128271,128273,128275,128277,128279],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,128272,125],{"class":124},[45,128274,109],{"class":59},[45,128276,26755],{"class":105},[45,128278,3654],{"class":59},[45,128280,128281],{"class":137},"    # -1\n",[43562,128283,128284],{},[14,128285,141,128286,128288,128289,128291],{},[18,128287,124188],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[18,128290,65825],{}," if the substring is not found.",[31,128293,3671,128295,3674],{"id":128294},"what-find-does",[18,128296,124188],{},[14,128298,128299,128301],{},[18,128300,124188],{}," is a string method that:",[157,128303,128304,128307,128310,128315],{},[160,128305,128306],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[160,128308,128309],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[160,128311,11412,128312,128314],{},[18,128313,65825],{}," if no match is found",[160,128316,126379],{},[14,128318,345],{},[36,128320,128322],{"className":38,"code":128321,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[18,128323,128324,128336,128340,128364,128388],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128325,128326,128328,128330,128332,128334],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128327,34669],{"class":51},[45,128329,56],{"class":55},[45,128331,76],{"class":63},[45,128333,79],{"class":67},[45,128335,1194],{"class":63},[45,128337,128338],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,128339,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,128341,128342,128344,128346,128348,128350,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360,128362],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,128343,125],{"class":124},[45,128345,109],{"class":59},[45,128347,34690],{"class":105},[45,128349,102],{"class":59},[45,128351,128218],{"class":105},[45,128353,109],{"class":59},[45,128355,64],{"class":63},[45,128357,123286],{"class":67},[45,128359,64],{"class":63},[45,128361,5353],{"class":59},[45,128363,57623],{"class":137},[45,128365,128366,128368,128370,128372,128374,128376,128378,128380,128382,128384,128386],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,128367,125],{"class":124},[45,128369,109],{"class":59},[45,128371,34690],{"class":105},[45,128373,102],{"class":59},[45,128375,128218],{"class":105},[45,128377,109],{"class":59},[45,128379,64],{"class":63},[45,128381,1123],{"class":67},[45,128383,64],{"class":63},[45,128385,5353],{"class":59},[45,128387,128281],{"class":137},[45,128389,128390,128392,128394,128396,128398],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,128391,125],{"class":124},[45,128393,109],{"class":59},[45,128395,34690],{"class":105},[45,128397,3654],{"class":59},[45,128399,128400],{"class":137},"              # banana\n",[14,128402,20757,128403,128406,128407,102],{},[18,128404,128405],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[18,128408,234],{},[31,128410,2153],{"id":2152},[14,128412,2156],{},[36,128414,128416],{"className":38,"code":128415,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[18,128417,128418],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128419,128420,128422,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432,128434,128436,128438],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128421,61151],{"class":51},[45,128423,102],{"class":59},[45,128425,128218],{"class":105},[45,128427,109],{"class":59},[45,128429,28],{"class":105},[45,128431,73],{"class":59},[45,128433,36033],{"class":105},[45,128435,73],{"class":59},[45,128437,65018],{"class":105},[45,128439,118],{"class":59},[1864,128441,17381],{"id":17380},[157,128443,128444,128448,128453],{},[160,128445,128446,123385],{},[18,128447,28],{},[160,128449,128450,128452],{},[18,128451,36054],{},": optional starting position",[160,128454,128455,128457],{},[18,128456,52643],{},": optional ending position",[14,128459,128460,1301,128462,128464],{},[18,128461,36054],{},[18,128463,52643],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128466,126522],{},[36,128468,128470],{"className":38,"code":128469,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[18,128471,128472,128484,128488,128513,128542],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128473,128474,128476,128478,128480,128482],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128475,34669],{"class":51},[45,128477,56],{"class":55},[45,128479,76],{"class":63},[45,128481,60383],{"class":67},[45,128483,1194],{"class":63},[45,128485,128486],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,128487,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,128489,128490,128492,128494,128496,128498,128500,128502,128504,128506,128508,128510],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,128491,125],{"class":124},[45,128493,109],{"class":59},[45,128495,34690],{"class":105},[45,128497,102],{"class":59},[45,128499,128218],{"class":105},[45,128501,109],{"class":59},[45,128503,64],{"class":63},[45,128505,60450],{"class":67},[45,128507,64],{"class":63},[45,128509,5353],{"class":59},[45,128511,128512],{"class":137},"        # 4\n",[45,128514,128515,128517,128519,128521,128523,128525,128527,128529,128531,128533,128535,128537,128539],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,128516,125],{"class":124},[45,128518,109],{"class":59},[45,128520,34690],{"class":105},[45,128522,102],{"class":59},[45,128524,128218],{"class":105},[45,128526,109],{"class":59},[45,128528,64],{"class":63},[45,128530,60450],{"class":67},[45,128532,64],{"class":63},[45,128534,73],{"class":59},[45,128536,4596],{"class":202},[45,128538,5353],{"class":59},[45,128540,128541],{"class":137},"     # 7\n",[45,128543,128544,128546,128548,128550,128552,128554,128556,128558,128560,128562,128564,128566,128568,128570,128572],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,128545,125],{"class":124},[45,128547,109],{"class":59},[45,128549,34690],{"class":105},[45,128551,102],{"class":59},[45,128553,128218],{"class":105},[45,128555,109],{"class":59},[45,128557,64],{"class":63},[45,128559,60450],{"class":67},[45,128561,64],{"class":63},[45,128563,73],{"class":59},[45,128565,4596],{"class":202},[45,128567,73],{"class":59},[45,128569,5980],{"class":202},[45,128571,5353],{"class":59},[45,128573,128574],{"class":137},"  # -1\n",[31,128576,38001],{"id":38000},[14,128578,57522,128579,128581],{},[18,128580,124188],{}," is always an integer.",[157,128583,128584,128590,128593],{},[160,128585,128586,128587,128589],{},"A number ",[18,128588,2114],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[160,128591,128592],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[160,128594,128595,128597],{},[18,128596,65825],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128599,345],{},[36,128601,128603],{"className":38,"code":128602,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[18,128604,128605,128617,128621,128646,128671],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128606,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128608,34669],{"class":51},[45,128610,56],{"class":55},[45,128612,76],{"class":63},[45,128614,40],{"class":67},[45,128616,1194],{"class":63},[45,128618,128619],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,128620,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,128622,128623,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635,128637,128640,128642,128644],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,128624,125],{"class":124},[45,128626,109],{"class":59},[45,128628,34690],{"class":105},[45,128630,102],{"class":59},[45,128632,128218],{"class":105},[45,128634,109],{"class":59},[45,128636,64],{"class":63},[45,128638,128639],{"class":67},"py",[45,128641,64],{"class":63},[45,128643,5353],{"class":59},[45,128645,20754],{"class":137},[45,128647,128648,128650,128652,128654,128656,128658,128660,128662,128665,128667,128669],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,128649,125],{"class":124},[45,128651,109],{"class":59},[45,128653,34690],{"class":105},[45,128655,102],{"class":59},[45,128657,128218],{"class":105},[45,128659,109],{"class":59},[45,128661,64],{"class":63},[45,128663,128664],{"class":67},"th",[45,128666,64],{"class":63},[45,128668,5353],{"class":59},[45,128670,57623],{"class":137},[45,128672,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,128674,125],{"class":124},[45,128676,109],{"class":59},[45,128678,34690],{"class":105},[45,128680,102],{"class":59},[45,128682,128218],{"class":105},[45,128684,109],{"class":59},[45,128686,64],{"class":63},[45,128688,22061],{"class":67},[45,128690,64],{"class":63},[45,128692,5353],{"class":59},[45,128694,128281],{"class":137},[14,128696,89748,128697,8439,128699,1742,128701,102],{},[18,128698,124188],{},[18,128700,3598],{},[18,128702,3667],{},[14,128704,128705],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[31,128707,1736,128708,1301,128710],{"id":65381},[18,128709,36054],{},[18,128711,52643],{},[14,128713,141,128714,128716],{},[18,128715,36054],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128718,141,128719,128721],{},[18,128720,52643],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128723,16,128724,75300,128726,128728],{},[18,128725,52643],{},[26,128727,65047],{}," in the search.",[36,128730,128732],{"className":38,"code":128731,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[18,128733,128734,128747,128751,128775,128804,128836],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128735,128736,128738,128740,128742,128745],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128737,34669],{"class":51},[45,128739,56],{"class":55},[45,128741,76],{"class":63},[45,128743,128744],{"class":67},"one two three two",[45,128746,1194],{"class":63},[45,128748,128749],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,128750,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,128752,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771,128773],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,128754,125],{"class":124},[45,128756,109],{"class":59},[45,128758,34690],{"class":105},[45,128760,102],{"class":59},[45,128762,128218],{"class":105},[45,128764,109],{"class":59},[45,128766,64],{"class":63},[45,128768,79109],{"class":67},[45,128770,64],{"class":63},[45,128772,5353],{"class":59},[45,128774,128512],{"class":137},[45,128776,128777,128779,128781,128783,128785,128787,128789,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,128778,125],{"class":124},[45,128780,109],{"class":59},[45,128782,34690],{"class":105},[45,128784,102],{"class":59},[45,128786,128218],{"class":105},[45,128788,109],{"class":59},[45,128790,64],{"class":63},[45,128792,79109],{"class":67},[45,128794,64],{"class":63},[45,128796,73],{"class":59},[45,128798,4596],{"class":202},[45,128800,5353],{"class":59},[45,128802,128803],{"class":137},"     # 14\n",[45,128805,128806,128808,128810,128812,128814,128816,128818,128820,128822,128824,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,128807,125],{"class":124},[45,128809,109],{"class":59},[45,128811,34690],{"class":105},[45,128813,102],{"class":59},[45,128815,128218],{"class":105},[45,128817,109],{"class":59},[45,128819,64],{"class":63},[45,128821,79109],{"class":67},[45,128823,64],{"class":63},[45,128825,73],{"class":59},[45,128827,3827],{"class":202},[45,128829,73],{"class":59},[45,128831,5980],{"class":202},[45,128833,5353],{"class":59},[45,128835,50917],{"class":137},[45,128837,128838,128840,128842,128844,128846,128848,128850,128852,128854,128856,128858,128860,128862,128864,128866],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,128839,125],{"class":124},[45,128841,109],{"class":59},[45,128843,34690],{"class":105},[45,128845,102],{"class":59},[45,128847,128218],{"class":105},[45,128849,109],{"class":59},[45,128851,64],{"class":63},[45,128853,79109],{"class":67},[45,128855,64],{"class":63},[45,128857,73],{"class":59},[45,128859,3827],{"class":202},[45,128861,73],{"class":59},[45,128863,2450],{"class":202},[45,128865,5353],{"class":59},[45,128867,128574],{"class":137},[14,128869,128870],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,128872,128873,128874,55050,128878,102],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[364,128875,128877],{"href":128876},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[364,128879,128881,128883],{"href":128880},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[18,128882,60508],{}," string method",[31,128885,123840],{"id":123839},[14,128887,128888,123651],{},[18,128889,124188],{},[14,128891,127238,128892,1301,128894,128896],{},[18,128893,90256],{},[18,128895,64512],{}," are treated as different text.",[36,128898,128900],{"className":38,"code":128899,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[18,128901,128902,128915,128919,128943],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128903,128904,128906,128908,128910,128913],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128905,34669],{"class":51},[45,128907,56],{"class":55},[45,128909,76],{"class":63},[45,128911,128912],{"class":67},"Hello World",[45,128914,1194],{"class":63},[45,128916,128917],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,128918,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,128920,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939,128941],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,128922,125],{"class":124},[45,128924,109],{"class":59},[45,128926,34690],{"class":105},[45,128928,102],{"class":59},[45,128930,128218],{"class":105},[45,128932,109],{"class":59},[45,128934,64],{"class":63},[45,128936,34848],{"class":67},[45,128938,64],{"class":63},[45,128940,5353],{"class":59},[45,128942,51229],{"class":137},[45,128944,128945,128947,128949,128951,128953,128955,128957,128959,128961,128963,128965],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,128946,125],{"class":124},[45,128948,109],{"class":59},[45,128950,34690],{"class":105},[45,128952,102],{"class":59},[45,128954,128218],{"class":105},[45,128956,109],{"class":59},[45,128958,64],{"class":63},[45,128960,3839],{"class":67},[45,128962,64],{"class":63},[45,128964,5353],{"class":59},[45,128966,128574],{"class":137},[14,128968,128969],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[36,128971,128973],{"className":38,"code":128972,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[18,128974,128975,128987,128991],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128976,128977,128979,128981,128983,128985],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128978,34669],{"class":51},[45,128980,56],{"class":55},[45,128982,76],{"class":63},[45,128984,128912],{"class":67},[45,128986,1194],{"class":63},[45,128988,128989],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,128990,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,128992,128993,128995,128997,128999,129001,129003,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,128994,125],{"class":124},[45,128996,109],{"class":59},[45,128998,34690],{"class":105},[45,129000,102],{"class":59},[45,129002,8624],{"class":105},[45,129004,8621],{"class":59},[45,129006,128218],{"class":105},[45,129008,109],{"class":59},[45,129010,64],{"class":63},[45,129012,3839],{"class":67},[45,129014,64],{"class":63},[45,129016,5353],{"class":59},[45,129018,51229],{"class":137},[31,129020,129022,10572,129024],{"id":129021},"find-vs-index",[18,129023,124188],{},[18,129025,58944],{},[14,129027,129028,1301,129030,129032],{},[18,129029,124188],{},[18,129031,58944],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[157,129034,129035,129041],{},[160,129036,129037,1326,129039],{},[18,129038,124188],{},[18,129040,65825],{},[160,129042,129043,52477,129045],{},[18,129044,58944],{},[18,129046,1041],{},[14,129048,141,129049,129051],{},[18,129050,124188],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,129053,141,129054,129056],{},[18,129055,58944],{}," when the value must exist.",[36,129058,129060],{"className":38,"code":129059,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[18,129061,129062,129074,129078],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129063,129064,129066,129068,129070,129072],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129065,34669],{"class":51},[45,129067,56],{"class":55},[45,129069,76],{"class":63},[45,129071,3839],{"class":67},[45,129073,1194],{"class":63},[45,129075,129076],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,129077,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,129079,129080,129082,129084,129086,129088,129090,129092,129094,129096,129098,129100],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,129081,125],{"class":124},[45,129083,109],{"class":59},[45,129085,34690],{"class":105},[45,129087,102],{"class":59},[45,129089,128218],{"class":105},[45,129091,109],{"class":59},[45,129093,64],{"class":63},[45,129095,1123],{"class":67},[45,129097,64],{"class":63},[45,129099,5353],{"class":59},[45,129101,129102],{"class":137},"   # -1\n",[36,129104,129106],{"className":38,"code":129105,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,129107,129108,129120,129124],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129109,129110,129112,129114,129116,129118],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129111,34669],{"class":51},[45,129113,56],{"class":55},[45,129115,76],{"class":63},[45,129117,3839],{"class":67},[45,129119,1194],{"class":63},[45,129121,129122],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,129123,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,129125,129126,129128,129130,129132,129134,129136,129138,129140,129142,129144,129146],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,129127,125],{"class":124},[45,129129,109],{"class":59},[45,129131,34690],{"class":105},[45,129133,102],{"class":59},[45,129135,1321],{"class":105},[45,129137,109],{"class":59},[45,129139,64],{"class":63},[45,129141,1123],{"class":67},[45,129143,64],{"class":63},[45,129145,5353],{"class":59},[45,129147,129148],{"class":137},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129150,129151,129152,129156,129157,129159,129160,102],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[364,129153,129154,128883],{"href":124213},[18,129155,58944],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[18,129158,58944],{},", read ",[364,129161,25662,129162],{"href":1933},[18,129163,129164],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[31,129166,41027],{"id":41026},[14,129168,35387,129169,129171],{},[18,129170,124188],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[157,129173,129174,129177,129180,129183],{},[160,129175,129176],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[160,129178,129179],{},"Get the position of a word",[160,129181,129182],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[160,129184,129185],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129187,129188],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[36,129190,129192],{"className":38,"code":129191,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[18,129193,129194,129207,129230,129234,129249,129265,129284,129298],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129195,129196,129198,129200,129202,129205],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129197,34669],{"class":51},[45,129199,56],{"class":55},[45,129201,76],{"class":63},[45,129203,129204],{"class":67},"name:Alice",[45,129206,1194],{"class":63},[45,129208,129209,129212,129214,129216,129218,129220,129222,129224,129226,129228],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,129210,129211],{"class":51},"colon_pos ",[45,129213,56],{"class":55},[45,129215,42823],{"class":51},[45,129217,102],{"class":59},[45,129219,128218],{"class":105},[45,129221,109],{"class":59},[45,129223,64],{"class":63},[45,129225,1111],{"class":67},[45,129227,64],{"class":63},[45,129229,118],{"class":59},[45,129231,129232],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,129233,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,129235,129236,129238,129241,129243,129245,129247],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,129237,982],{"class":969},[45,129239,129240],{"class":51}," colon_pos ",[45,129242,987],{"class":55},[45,129244,2218],{"class":55},[45,129246,203],{"class":202},[45,129248,1213],{"class":59},[45,129250,129251,129254,129256,129258,129260,129263],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,129252,129253],{"class":51},"    label ",[45,129255,56],{"class":55},[45,129257,42823],{"class":51},[45,129259,75373],{"class":59},[45,129261,129262],{"class":51},"colon_pos",[45,129264,93],{"class":59},[45,129266,129267,129269,129271,129273,129275,129277,129279,129281],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,129268,27382],{"class":51},[45,129270,56],{"class":55},[45,129272,42823],{"class":51},[45,129274,278],{"class":59},[45,129276,129211],{"class":51},[45,129278,2053],{"class":55},[45,129280,5488],{"class":202},[45,129282,129283],{"class":59},":]\n",[45,129285,129286,129288,129290,129293,129295],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,129287,8055],{"class":124},[45,129289,109],{"class":59},[45,129291,129292],{"class":105},"label",[45,129294,3654],{"class":59},[45,129296,129297],{"class":137},"  # name\n",[45,129299,129300,129302,129304,129306,129308],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,129301,8055],{"class":124},[45,129303,109],{"class":59},[45,129305,28],{"class":105},[45,129307,3654],{"class":59},[45,129309,129310],{"class":137},"  # Alice\n",[14,129312,129313,129314,102],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[364,129315,127229],{"href":123448},[31,129317,1709],{"id":1708},[14,129319,129320,129321,1111],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,129322,124188],{},[157,129324,129325,129334,129340,129345,129351],{},[160,129326,1722,129327,8439,129329,1742,129331,129333],{},[18,129328,124188],{},[18,129330,3598],{},[18,129332,3667],{}," instead of an index",[160,129335,129336,129337,129339],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[18,129338,65825],{}," when the substring is missing",[160,129341,1736,129342,129344],{},[18,129343,124188],{}," without handling case differences",[160,129346,37184,129347,8689,129349],{},[18,129348,124188],{},[18,129350,58944],{},[160,129352,4570,129353,129355],{},[18,129354,124188],{}," changes the string",[14,129357,129358],{},"Example of a mistake:",[36,129360,129362],{"className":38,"code":129361,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129363,129364,129376,129380,129400,129415,129421],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129365,129366,129368,129370,129372,129374],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129367,34669],{"class":51},[45,129369,56],{"class":55},[45,129371,76],{"class":63},[45,129373,3839],{"class":67},[45,129375,1194],{"class":63},[45,129377,129378],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,129379,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,129381,129382,129384,129386,129388,129390,129392,129394,129396,129398],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,129383,982],{"class":969},[45,129385,42823],{"class":51},[45,129387,102],{"class":59},[45,129389,128218],{"class":105},[45,129391,109],{"class":59},[45,129393,64],{"class":63},[45,129395,60415],{"class":67},[45,129397,64],{"class":63},[45,129399,8327],{"class":59},[45,129401,129402,129404,129406,129408,129411,129413],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,129403,8055],{"class":124},[45,129405,109],{"class":59},[45,129407,64],{"class":63},[45,129409,129410],{"class":67},"Found",[45,129412,64],{"class":63},[45,129414,118],{"class":59},[45,129416,129417,129419],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,129418,27415],{"class":969},[45,129420,1213],{"class":59},[45,129422,129423,129425,129427,129429,129431,129433],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,129424,8055],{"class":124},[45,129426,109],{"class":59},[45,129428,64],{"class":63},[45,129430,26297],{"class":67},[45,129432,64],{"class":63},[45,129434,118],{"class":59},[14,129436,99754],{},[36,129438,129440],{"className":38,"code":129439,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Not found\n",[18,129441,129442],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129443,129444],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129445,129439],{"class":51},[14,129447,45685,129448,129451,129452,17058,129454,129456,129457,129459],{},[18,129449,129450],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[18,129453,2114],{},[18,129455,2114],{}," is treated as false in an ",[18,129458,982],{}," statement.",[14,129461,129462],{},"A safer version is:",[36,129464,129466],{"className":38,"code":129465,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129467,129468,129480,129484,129513,129527,129533],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129469,129470,129472,129474,129476,129478],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129471,34669],{"class":51},[45,129473,56],{"class":55},[45,129475,76],{"class":63},[45,129477,3839],{"class":67},[45,129479,1194],{"class":63},[45,129481,129482],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,129483,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,129485,129486,129488,129490,129492,129494,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504,129507,129509,129511],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,129487,982],{"class":969},[45,129489,42823],{"class":51},[45,129491,102],{"class":59},[45,129493,128218],{"class":105},[45,129495,109],{"class":59},[45,129497,64],{"class":63},[45,129499,60415],{"class":67},[45,129501,64],{"class":63},[45,129503,3654],{"class":59},[45,129505,129506],{"class":55}," !=",[45,129508,2218],{"class":55},[45,129510,203],{"class":202},[45,129512,1213],{"class":59},[45,129514,129515,129517,129519,129521,129523,129525],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,129516,8055],{"class":124},[45,129518,109],{"class":59},[45,129520,64],{"class":63},[45,129522,129410],{"class":67},[45,129524,64],{"class":63},[45,129526,118],{"class":59},[45,129528,129529,129531],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,129530,27415],{"class":969},[45,129532,1213],{"class":59},[45,129534,129535,129537,129539,129541,129543,129545],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,129536,8055],{"class":124},[45,129538,109],{"class":59},[45,129540,64],{"class":63},[45,129542,26297],{"class":67},[45,129544,64],{"class":63},[45,129546,118],{"class":59},[14,129548,129549],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[36,129551,129553],{"className":38,"code":129552,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[18,129554,129555,129577,129591,129617,129631],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129556,129557,129559,129561,129563,129565,129567,129569,129571,129573,129575],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129558,125],{"class":124},[45,129560,109],{"class":59},[45,129562,34690],{"class":105},[45,129564,102],{"class":59},[45,129566,128218],{"class":105},[45,129568,109],{"class":59},[45,129570,429],{"class":63},[45,129572,38372],{"class":67},[45,129574,429],{"class":63},[45,129576,1802],{"class":59},[45,129578,129579,129581,129583,129585,129587,129589],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,129580,125],{"class":124},[45,129582,109],{"class":59},[45,129584,41760],{"class":124},[45,129586,109],{"class":59},[45,129588,34690],{"class":105},[45,129590,1802],{"class":59},[45,129592,129593,129595,129597,129599,129601,129603,129605,129607,129609,129611,129613,129615],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,129594,125],{"class":124},[45,129596,109],{"class":59},[45,129598,34690],{"class":105},[45,129600,102],{"class":59},[45,129602,8624],{"class":105},[45,129604,8621],{"class":59},[45,129606,128218],{"class":105},[45,129608,109],{"class":59},[45,129610,429],{"class":63},[45,129612,38372],{"class":67},[45,129614,429],{"class":63},[45,129616,1802],{"class":59},[45,129618,129619,129621,129623,129625,129627,129629],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,129620,125],{"class":124},[45,129622,109],{"class":59},[45,129624,11150],{"class":124},[45,129626,109],{"class":59},[45,129628,34690],{"class":105},[45,129630,1802],{"class":59},[45,129632,129633,129635,129637,129639,129641,129643,129645,129647,129649,129651,129653,129655,129657,129659],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,129634,125],{"class":124},[45,129636,109],{"class":59},[45,129638,34690],{"class":105},[45,129640,102],{"class":59},[45,129642,128218],{"class":105},[45,129644,109],{"class":59},[45,129646,429],{"class":63},[45,129648,38372],{"class":67},[45,129650,429],{"class":63},[45,129652,73],{"class":59},[45,129654,36033],{"class":105},[45,129656,73],{"class":59},[45,129658,65018],{"class":105},[45,129660,1802],{"class":59},[14,129662,129663],{},"These help you check:",[157,129665,129666,129671,129676,129681,129684],{},[160,129667,129668,129669],{},"The actual result from ",[18,129670,124188],{},[160,129672,129673,129674],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[18,129675,122407],{},[160,129677,129678,129679],{},"Case differences with ",[18,129680,123923],{},[160,129682,129683],{},"The string length",[160,129685,129686,129687,1301,129689,129691],{},"Whether your ",[18,129688,36054],{},[18,129690,52643],{}," values are correct",[31,129693,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,129695,129697,129698,129700],{"id":129696},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[18,129699,124188],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129702,1877,129703,102],{},[18,129704,65825],{},[1864,129706,175,129708,129710],{"id":129707},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[18,129709,124188],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129712,129713],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1864,129715,129717,129718,124529],{"id":129716},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[18,129719,124188],{},[14,129721,129722],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1864,129724,5170,129726,1301,129728,69626],{"id":129725},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[18,129727,124188],{},[18,129729,58944],{},[14,129731,129732,1326,129734,129736,129737,52477,129739,102],{},[18,129733,124188],{},[18,129735,65825],{}," if not found, while ",[18,129738,58944],{},[18,129740,1041],{},[1864,129742,28310,129744,129746],{"id":129743},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[18,129745,124188],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129748,129749,129750,1301,129752,66124],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[18,129751,36054],{},[18,129753,52643],{},[31,129755,1909],{"id":1908},[157,129757,129758,129764,129770,129777,129783,129790,129794,129799],{},[160,129759,129760],{},[364,129761,126193,129762,10728],{"href":124213},[18,129763,58944],{},[160,129765,129766],{},[364,129767,126193,129768,10728],{"href":128880},[18,129769,60508],{},[160,129771,129772],{},[364,129773,126193,129775,10728],{"href":129774},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[18,129776,124364],{},[160,129778,129779],{},[364,129780,126193,129781,10728],{"href":127558},[18,129782,127561],{},[160,129784,129785],{},[364,129786,126193,129788,10728],{"href":129787},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[18,129789,126251],{},[160,129791,129792],{},[364,129793,124592],{"href":123448},[160,129795,129796],{},[364,129797,129798],{"href":128876},"How to split a string in Python",[160,129800,129801],{},[364,129802,26105,129803],{"href":1933},[18,129804,129164],{},[1936,129806,129807],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":129809},[129810,129812,129815,129816,129817,129818,129820,129821,129822,129834],{"id":128294,"depth":96,"text":129811},"What find() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153,"children":129813},[129814],{"id":17380,"depth":121,"text":17381},{"id":38000,"depth":96,"text":38001},{"id":65381,"depth":96,"text":66160},{"id":123839,"depth":96,"text":123840},{"id":129021,"depth":96,"text":129819},"find() vs index()",{"id":41026,"depth":96,"text":41027},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":129823},[129824,129826,129828,129830,129832],{"id":129696,"depth":121,"text":129825},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129707,"depth":121,"text":129827},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129716,"depth":121,"text":129829},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129725,"depth":121,"text":129831},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129743,"depth":121,"text":129833},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128166,"description":129835},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129842,"title":129843,"body":129844,"description":131770,"extension":1958,"meta":131771,"navigation":241,"path":131772,"seo":131773,"stem":131774,"__hash__":131775},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129845,"toc":131738},[129846,129851,129856,129859,129861,129937,129941,129969,129977,129981,129986,129990,130007,130009,130076,130080,130102,130110,130112,130115,130139,130142,130156,130158,130243,130247,130259,130262,130266,130272,130322,130326,130343,130352,130355,130363,130366,130415,130419,130444,130447,130502,130506,130518,130524,130528,130534,130539,130606,130610,130636,130639,130650,130652,130719,130723,130748,130755,130759,130764,130771,130779,130781,130833,130837,130855,130857,130902,130906,130921,130924,130934,130941,130943,130947,130950,130961,130963,131023,131027,131055,131058,131064,131069,131072,131076,131120,131123,131161,131164,131172,131174,131179,131183,131186,131234,131237,131240,131296,131300,131305,131308,131357,131359,131408,131414,131419,131421,131468,131472,131485,131487,131538,131544,131547,131551,131554,131560,131565,131567,131570,131642,131645,131662,131664,131669,131672,131676,131682,131688,131695,131701,131707,131709,131735],[10,129847,123193,129849,11311],{"id":129848},"python-string-format-method",[18,129850,126196],{},[14,129852,123198,129853,129855],{},[18,129854,126196],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,129857,129858],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[31,129860,34],{"id":33},[36,129862,129864],{"className":38,"code":129863,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[18,129865,129866,129878,129886,129890,129927],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129867,129868,129870,129872,129874,129876],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129869,7862],{"class":51},[45,129871,56],{"class":55},[45,129873,76],{"class":63},[45,129875,11498],{"class":67},[45,129877,1194],{"class":63},[45,129879,129880,129882,129884],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,129881,21612],{"class":51},[45,129883,56],{"class":55},[45,129885,88637],{"class":202},[45,129887,129888],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,129889,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,129891,129892,129894,129896,129898,129901,129903,129906,129908,129910,129912,129914,129917,129919,129921,129923,129925],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,129893,89845],{"class":51},[45,129895,56],{"class":55},[45,129897,76],{"class":63},[45,129899,129900],{"class":67},"My name is ",[45,129902,3785],{"class":202},[45,129904,129905],{"class":67}," and I am ",[45,129907,3785],{"class":202},[45,129909,122189],{"class":67},[45,129911,64],{"class":63},[45,129913,102],{"class":59},[45,129915,129916],{"class":105},"format",[45,129918,109],{"class":59},[45,129920,7656],{"class":105},[45,129922,73],{"class":59},[45,129924,9174],{"class":105},[45,129926,118],{"class":59},[45,129928,129929,129931,129933,129935],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,129930,125],{"class":124},[45,129932,109],{"class":59},[45,129934,89862],{"class":105},[45,129936,118],{"class":59},[14,129938,129939],{},[26,129940,268],{},[36,129942,129944],{"className":38,"code":129943,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[18,129945,129946],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129947,129948,129951,129953,129956,129959,129962,129965,129967],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129949,129950],{"class":51},"My name ",[45,129952,12182],{"class":55},[45,129954,129955],{"class":51}," Maya ",[45,129957,129958],{"class":55},"and",[45,129960,129961],{"class":51}," I am ",[45,129963,129964],{"class":202},"12",[45,129966,122222],{"class":51},[45,129968,122225],{"class":59},[14,129970,141,129971,129973,129974,129976],{},[18,129972,3785],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[18,129975,126196],{}," in the same order.",[14,129978,124945,129979,102],{},[364,129980,124948],{"href":50957},[31,129982,12983,129984,12986],{"id":129983},"what-the-format-method-does",[18,129985,126196],{},[14,129987,16,129988,11401],{},[18,129989,126196],{},[157,129991,129992,129995,130001,130004],{},[160,129993,129994],{},"inserts values into a string",[160,129996,129997,129998,130000],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[18,129999,3785],{}," with given values",[160,130002,130003],{},"returns a new string",[160,130005,130006],{},"does not change the original string",[14,130008,345],{},[36,130010,130012],{"className":38,"code":130011,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,130013,130014,130028,130051,130055,130066],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130015,130016,130018,130020,130022,130024,130026],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130017,34669],{"class":51},[45,130019,56],{"class":55},[45,130021,76],{"class":63},[45,130023,44883],{"class":67},[45,130025,3785],{"class":202},[45,130027,1194],{"class":63},[45,130029,130030,130033,130035,130037,130039,130041,130043,130045,130047,130049],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,130031,130032],{"class":51},"new_text ",[45,130034,56],{"class":55},[45,130036,42823],{"class":51},[45,130038,102],{"class":59},[45,130040,129916],{"class":105},[45,130042,109],{"class":59},[45,130044,64],{"class":63},[45,130046,7665],{"class":67},[45,130048,64],{"class":63},[45,130050,118],{"class":59},[45,130052,130053],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,130054,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,130056,130057,130059,130061,130064],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,130058,125],{"class":124},[45,130060,109],{"class":59},[45,130062,130063],{"class":105},"new_text",[45,130065,118],{"class":59},[45,130067,130068,130070,130072,130074],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,130069,125],{"class":124},[45,130071,109],{"class":59},[45,130073,34690],{"class":105},[45,130075,118],{"class":59},[14,130077,130078],{},[26,130079,268],{},[36,130081,130083],{"className":38,"code":130082,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[18,130084,130085,130094],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130086,130087,130089,130091],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130088,34848],{"class":51},[45,130090,73],{"class":59},[45,130092,130093],{"class":51}," Sam\n",[45,130095,130096,130098,130100],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,130097,34848],{"class":51},[45,130099,73],{"class":59},[45,130101,9824],{"class":59},[14,130103,2281,130104,130106,130107,130109],{},[18,130105,34690],{}," stays the same. ",[18,130108,126196],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[31,130111,2153],{"id":2152},[14,130113,130114],{},"The general form is:",[36,130116,130118],{"className":38,"code":130117,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[18,130119,130120],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130121,130122,130124,130127,130129,130131,130133,130135,130137],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130123,64],{"class":43310},[45,130125,130126],{"class":43314},"text {}",[45,130128,64],{"class":43310},[45,130130,102],{"class":59},[45,130132,129916],{"class":105},[45,130134,109],{"class":59},[45,130136,28],{"class":105},[45,130138,118],{"class":59},[14,130140,130141],{},"Key idea:",[157,130143,130144,130150,130153],{},[160,130145,130146,130147,130149],{},"each ",[18,130148,3785],{}," is a placeholder",[160,130151,130152],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[160,130154,130155],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130157,345],{},[36,130159,130161],{"className":38,"code":130160,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[18,130162,130163,130176,130190,130194,130232],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130164,130165,130168,130170,130172,130174],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130166,130167],{"class":51},"animal ",[45,130169,56],{"class":55},[45,130171,76],{"class":63},[45,130173,37027],{"class":67},[45,130175,1194],{"class":63},[45,130177,130178,130181,130183,130185,130188],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,130179,130180],{"class":51},"sound ",[45,130182,56],{"class":55},[45,130184,76],{"class":63},[45,130186,130187],{"class":67},"meow",[45,130189,1194],{"class":63},[45,130191,130192],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,130193,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,130195,130196,130199,130201,130203,130205,130207,130210,130212,130214,130216,130218,130220,130222,130225,130227,130230],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,130197,130198],{"class":51},"sentence ",[45,130200,56],{"class":55},[45,130202,76],{"class":63},[45,130204,16],{"class":67},[45,130206,3785],{"class":202},[45,130208,130209],{"class":67}," says ",[45,130211,3785],{"class":202},[45,130213,102],{"class":67},[45,130215,64],{"class":63},[45,130217,102],{"class":59},[45,130219,129916],{"class":105},[45,130221,109],{"class":59},[45,130223,130224],{"class":105},"animal",[45,130226,73],{"class":59},[45,130228,130229],{"class":105}," sound",[45,130231,118],{"class":59},[45,130233,130234,130236,130238,130241],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,130235,125],{"class":124},[45,130237,109],{"class":59},[45,130239,130240],{"class":105},"sentence",[45,130242,118],{"class":59},[14,130244,130245],{},[26,130246,268],{},[36,130248,130250],{"className":38,"code":130249,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"The cat says meow.\n",[18,130251,130252],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130253,130254,130257],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130255,130256],{"class":51},"The cat says meow",[45,130258,122225],{"class":59},[14,130260,130261],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[31,130263,130265],{"id":130264},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130267,130268,130269,130271],{},"You can use empty braces ",[18,130270,3785],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[36,130273,130275],{"className":38,"code":130274,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[18,130276,130277],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130278,130279,130281,130283,130285,130288,130290,130292,130294,130296,130298,130300,130302,130304,130306,130309,130311,130313,130315,130318,130320],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130280,125],{"class":124},[45,130282,109],{"class":59},[45,130284,64],{"class":63},[45,130286,130287],{"class":67},"I like ",[45,130289,3785],{"class":202},[45,130291,1301],{"class":67},[45,130293,3785],{"class":202},[45,130295,102],{"class":67},[45,130297,64],{"class":63},[45,130299,102],{"class":59},[45,130301,129916],{"class":105},[45,130303,109],{"class":59},[45,130305,64],{"class":63},[45,130307,130308],{"class":67},"pizza",[45,130310,64],{"class":63},[45,130312,73],{"class":59},[45,130314,76],{"class":63},[45,130316,130317],{"class":67},"pasta",[45,130319,64],{"class":63},[45,130321,1802],{"class":59},[14,130323,130324],{},[26,130325,268],{},[36,130327,130329],{"className":38,"code":130328,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[18,130330,130331],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130332,130333,130336,130338,130341],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130334,130335],{"class":51},"I like pizza ",[45,130337,129958],{"class":55},[45,130339,130340],{"class":51}," pasta",[45,130342,122225],{"class":59},[14,130344,130345,130346,1301,130349,102],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[18,130347,130348],{},"{0}",[18,130350,130351],{},"{1}",[14,130353,130354],{},"This is helpful when:",[157,130356,130357,130360],{},[160,130358,130359],{},"you want to reuse a value",[160,130361,130362],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130364,130365],{},"Example with reused values:",[36,130367,130369],{"className":38,"code":130368,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130370,130371,130405],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130372,130373,130375,130377,130379,130381,130384,130386,130389,130391,130393,130395,130397,130399,130401,130403],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130374,34669],{"class":51},[45,130376,56],{"class":55},[45,130378,76],{"class":63},[45,130380,130348],{"class":202},[45,130382,130383],{"class":67}," is learning Python. ",[45,130385,130348],{"class":202},[45,130387,130388],{"class":67}," likes coding.",[45,130390,64],{"class":63},[45,130392,102],{"class":59},[45,130394,129916],{"class":105},[45,130396,109],{"class":59},[45,130398,64],{"class":63},[45,130400,19868],{"class":67},[45,130402,64],{"class":63},[45,130404,118],{"class":59},[45,130406,130407,130409,130411,130413],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,130408,125],{"class":124},[45,130410,109],{"class":59},[45,130412,34690],{"class":105},[45,130414,118],{"class":59},[14,130416,130417],{},[26,130418,268],{},[36,130420,130422],{"className":38,"code":130421,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[18,130423,130424],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130425,130426,130429,130431,130434,130436,130439,130442],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130427,130428],{"class":51},"Lina ",[45,130430,12182],{"class":55},[45,130432,130433],{"class":51}," learning Python",[45,130435,102],{"class":59},[45,130437,130438],{"class":1831}," Lina",[45,130440,130441],{"class":51}," likes coding",[45,130443,122225],{"class":59},[14,130445,130446],{},"Example with changed order:",[36,130448,130450],{"className":38,"code":130449,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130451,130452,130492],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130453,130454,130456,130458,130460,130462,130464,130466,130468,130470,130472,130474,130476,130478,130480,130482,130484,130486,130488,130490],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130455,34669],{"class":51},[45,130457,56],{"class":55},[45,130459,76],{"class":63},[45,130461,130351],{"class":202},[45,130463,83164],{"class":67},[45,130465,130348],{"class":202},[45,130467,102],{"class":67},[45,130469,64],{"class":63},[45,130471,102],{"class":59},[45,130473,129916],{"class":105},[45,130475,109],{"class":59},[45,130477,64],{"class":63},[45,130479,6572],{"class":67},[45,130481,64],{"class":63},[45,130483,73],{"class":59},[45,130485,76],{"class":63},[45,130487,79109],{"class":67},[45,130489,64],{"class":63},[45,130491,118],{"class":59},[45,130493,130494,130496,130498,130500],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,130495,125],{"class":124},[45,130497,109],{"class":59},[45,130499,34690],{"class":105},[45,130501,118],{"class":59},[14,130503,130504],{},[26,130505,268],{},[36,130507,130509],{"className":38,"code":130508,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"two comes after one.\n",[18,130510,130511],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130512,130513,130516],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130514,130515],{"class":51},"two comes after one",[45,130517,122225],{"class":59},[14,130519,130520,130521,130523],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[18,130522,3785],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[31,130525,130527],{"id":130526},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130529,130530,130531,102],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[18,130532,130533],{},"{name}",[14,130535,130536,130537,1111],{},"You pass matching names into ",[18,130538,126196],{},[36,130540,130542],{"className":38,"code":130541,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130543,130544,130596],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130545,130546,130548,130550,130552,130554,130556,130559,130562,130564,130566,130568,130570,130572,130574,130576,130578,130580,130582,130584,130586,130588,130590,130592,130594],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130547,34669],{"class":51},[45,130549,56],{"class":55},[45,130551,76],{"class":63},[45,130553,129900],{"class":67},[45,130555,130533],{"class":202},[45,130557,130558],{"class":67}," and I live in ",[45,130560,130561],{"class":202},"{city}",[45,130563,102],{"class":67},[45,130565,64],{"class":63},[45,130567,102],{"class":59},[45,130569,129916],{"class":105},[45,130571,109],{"class":59},[45,130573,7656],{"class":9161},[45,130575,56],{"class":55},[45,130577,64],{"class":63},[45,130579,12867],{"class":67},[45,130581,64],{"class":63},[45,130583,73],{"class":59},[45,130585,31366],{"class":9161},[45,130587,56],{"class":55},[45,130589,64],{"class":63},[45,130591,16018],{"class":67},[45,130593,64],{"class":63},[45,130595,118],{"class":59},[45,130597,130598,130600,130602,130604],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,130599,125],{"class":124},[45,130601,109],{"class":59},[45,130603,34690],{"class":105},[45,130605,118],{"class":59},[14,130607,130608],{},[26,130609,268],{},[36,130611,130613],{"className":38,"code":130612,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[18,130614,130615],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130616,130617,130619,130621,130624,130626,130629,130631,130634],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130618,129950],{"class":51},[45,130620,12182],{"class":55},[45,130622,130623],{"class":51}," Ana ",[45,130625,129958],{"class":55},[45,130627,130628],{"class":51}," I live ",[45,130630,976],{"class":55},[45,130632,130633],{"class":51}," Lima",[45,130635,122225],{"class":59},[14,130637,130638],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[157,130640,130641,130644,130647],{},[160,130642,130643],{},"they make code easier to read",[160,130645,130646],{},"they help when a string has many values",[160,130648,130649],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130651,345],{},[36,130653,130655],{"className":38,"code":130654,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[18,130656,130657,130709],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130658,130659,130662,130664,130666,130669,130672,130675,130678,130680,130682,130684,130686,130688,130690,130692,130695,130697,130699,130702,130704,130707],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130660,130661],{"class":51},"report ",[45,130663,56],{"class":55},[45,130665,76],{"class":63},[45,130667,130668],{"class":67},"Student: ",[45,130670,130671],{"class":202},"{student}",[45,130673,130674],{"class":67},", Score: ",[45,130676,130677],{"class":202},"{score}",[45,130679,64],{"class":63},[45,130681,102],{"class":59},[45,130683,129916],{"class":105},[45,130685,109],{"class":59},[45,130687,13611],{"class":9161},[45,130689,56],{"class":55},[45,130691,64],{"class":63},[45,130693,130694],{"class":67},"Noah",[45,130696,64],{"class":63},[45,130698,73],{"class":59},[45,130700,130701],{"class":9161}," score",[45,130703,56],{"class":55},[45,130705,130706],{"class":202},"95",[45,130708,118],{"class":59},[45,130710,130711,130713,130715,130717],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,130712,125],{"class":124},[45,130714,109],{"class":59},[45,130716,127906],{"class":105},[45,130718,118],{"class":59},[14,130720,130721],{},[26,130722,268],{},[36,130724,130726],{"className":38,"code":130725,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[18,130727,130728],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130729,130730,130733,130735,130738,130740,130743,130745],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130731,130732],{"class":51},"Student",[45,130734,1111],{"class":59},[45,130736,130737],{"class":51}," Noah",[45,130739,73],{"class":59},[45,130741,130742],{"class":51}," Score",[45,130744,1111],{"class":59},[45,130746,130747],{"class":202}," 95\n",[14,130749,130750,130751,102],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[364,130752,3569,130753,3502],{"href":42156},[18,130754,47665],{},[31,130756,130758],{"id":130757},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130760,130761,130763],{},[18,130762,126196],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130765,130766,130767,130770],{},"A common example is ",[18,130768,130769],{},":.2f",", which means:",[157,130772,130773,130776],{},[160,130774,130775],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[160,130777,130778],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,130780,345],{},[36,130782,130784],{"className":38,"code":130783,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[18,130785,130786,130794,130823],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130787,130788,130790,130792],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130789,40369],{"class":51},[45,130791,56],{"class":55},[45,130793,49258],{"class":202},[45,130795,130796,130798,130800,130802,130805,130807,130809,130811,130813,130815,130817,130819,130821],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,130797,34669],{"class":51},[45,130799,56],{"class":55},[45,130801,76],{"class":63},[45,130803,130804],{"class":67},"Price: $",[45,130806,9264],{"class":202},[45,130808,130769],{"class":2059},[45,130810,22287],{"class":202},[45,130812,64],{"class":63},[45,130814,102],{"class":59},[45,130816,129916],{"class":105},[45,130818,109],{"class":59},[45,130820,25132],{"class":105},[45,130822,118],{"class":59},[45,130824,130825,130827,130829,130831],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,130826,125],{"class":124},[45,130828,109],{"class":59},[45,130830,34690],{"class":105},[45,130832,118],{"class":59},[14,130834,130835],{},[26,130836,268],{},[36,130838,130840],{"className":38,"code":130839,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Price: $3.50\n",[18,130841,130842],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130843,130844,130847,130849,130852],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130845,130846],{"class":51},"Price",[45,130848,1111],{"class":59},[45,130850,130851],{"class":37347}," $",[45,130853,130854],{"class":202},"3.50\n",[14,130856,52062],{},[36,130858,130860],{"className":38,"code":130859,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[18,130861,130862,130872],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130863,130864,130867,130869],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130865,130866],{"class":51},"average ",[45,130868,56],{"class":55},[45,130870,130871],{"class":202}," 91.236\n",[45,130873,130874,130876,130878,130880,130883,130885,130887,130889,130891,130893,130895,130897,130900],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,130875,125],{"class":124},[45,130877,109],{"class":59},[45,130879,64],{"class":63},[45,130881,130882],{"class":67},"Average: ",[45,130884,9264],{"class":202},[45,130886,130769],{"class":2059},[45,130888,22287],{"class":202},[45,130890,64],{"class":63},[45,130892,102],{"class":59},[45,130894,129916],{"class":105},[45,130896,109],{"class":59},[45,130898,130899],{"class":105},"average",[45,130901,1802],{"class":59},[14,130903,130904],{},[26,130905,268],{},[36,130907,130909],{"className":38,"code":130908,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Average: 91.24\n",[18,130910,130911],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130912,130913,130916,130918],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130914,130915],{"class":51},"Average",[45,130917,1111],{"class":59},[45,130919,130920],{"class":202}," 91.24\n",[14,130922,130923],{},"This is useful for:",[157,130925,130926,130928,130931],{},[160,130927,82922],{},[160,130929,130930],{},"averages",[160,130932,130933],{},"percentages",[14,130935,130936,130937,102],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[364,130938,3569,130939,2298],{"href":46430},[18,130940,46433],{},[31,130942,17405],{"id":17404},[14,130944,130945,92359],{},[18,130946,126196],{},[14,130948,130949],{},"That means you can:",[157,130951,130952,130955,130958],{},[160,130953,130954],{},"save it in a variable",[160,130956,130957],{},"print it directly",[160,130959,130960],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,130962,345],{},[36,130964,130966],{"className":38,"code":130965,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[18,130967,130968,130999,131009],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130969,130970,130972,130974,130976,130978,130980,130982,130984,130986,130988,130990,130992,130995,130997],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130971,89845],{"class":51},[45,130973,56],{"class":55},[45,130975,76],{"class":63},[45,130977,44883],{"class":67},[45,130979,3785],{"class":202},[45,130981,89686],{"class":67},[45,130983,64],{"class":63},[45,130985,102],{"class":59},[45,130987,129916],{"class":105},[45,130989,109],{"class":59},[45,130991,64],{"class":63},[45,130993,130994],{"class":67},"Chris",[45,130996,64],{"class":63},[45,130998,118],{"class":59},[45,131000,131001,131003,131005,131007],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,131002,125],{"class":124},[45,131004,109],{"class":59},[45,131006,89862],{"class":105},[45,131008,118],{"class":59},[45,131010,131011,131013,131015,131017,131019,131021],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131012,125],{"class":124},[45,131014,109],{"class":59},[45,131016,1811],{"class":315},[45,131018,109],{"class":59},[45,131020,89862],{"class":105},[45,131022,1802],{"class":59},[14,131024,131025],{},[26,131026,268],{},[36,131028,131030],{"className":38,"code":131029,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,131031,131032,131041],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131033,131034,131036,131038],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131035,34848],{"class":51},[45,131037,73],{"class":59},[45,131039,131040],{"class":51}," Chris!\n",[45,131042,131043,131045,131047,131049,131051,131053],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,131044,3284],{"class":55},[45,131046,3287],{"class":2059},[45,131048,438],{"class":63},[45,131050,3436],{"class":67},[45,131052,429],{"class":63},[45,131054,3296],{"class":55},[14,131056,131057],{},"The original string is not changed.",[31,131059,131061,131063],{"id":131060},"format-vs-f-strings",[18,131062,126196],{}," vs f-strings",[14,131065,131066,131068],{},[18,131067,126196],{}," is a string method.",[14,131070,131071],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,131073,1336,131074,1111],{},[18,131075,126196],{},[36,131077,131079],{"className":38,"code":131078,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[18,131080,131081,131094],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131082,131083,131085,131087,131089,131092],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131084,7862],{"class":51},[45,131086,56],{"class":55},[45,131088,76],{"class":63},[45,131090,131091],{"class":67},"Rita",[45,131093,1194],{"class":63},[45,131095,131096,131098,131100,131102,131104,131106,131108,131110,131112,131114,131116,131118],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,131097,125],{"class":124},[45,131099,109],{"class":59},[45,131101,64],{"class":63},[45,131103,44883],{"class":67},[45,131105,3785],{"class":202},[45,131107,89686],{"class":67},[45,131109,64],{"class":63},[45,131111,102],{"class":59},[45,131113,129916],{"class":105},[45,131115,109],{"class":59},[45,131117,7656],{"class":105},[45,131119,1802],{"class":59},[14,131121,131122],{},"Example with an f-string:",[36,131124,131126],{"className":38,"code":131125,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[18,131127,131128,131140],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131129,131130,131132,131134,131136,131138],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131131,7862],{"class":51},[45,131133,56],{"class":55},[45,131135,76],{"class":63},[45,131137,131091],{"class":67},[45,131139,1194],{"class":63},[45,131141,131142,131144,131146,131148,131150,131152,131154,131156,131159],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,131143,125],{"class":124},[45,131145,109],{"class":59},[45,131147,22278],{"class":2059},[45,131149,43328],{"class":67},[45,131151,9264],{"class":202},[45,131153,7656],{"class":105},[45,131155,22287],{"class":202},[45,131157,131158],{"class":67},"!\"",[45,131160,118],{"class":59},[14,131162,131163],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131165,131166,131167,131169,131170,102],{},"This page focuses on how ",[18,131168,126196],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[364,131171,89531],{"href":89530},[31,131173,1709],{"id":1708},[14,131175,131176,131177,102],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[18,131178,126196],{},[1864,131180,131182],{"id":131181},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131184,131185],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[36,131187,131189],{"className":38,"code":131188,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131190,131191,131224],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131192,131193,131195,131197,131199,131201,131203,131206,131208,131210,131212,131214,131216,131218,131220,131222],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131194,34669],{"class":51},[45,131196,56],{"class":55},[45,131198,76],{"class":63},[45,131200,44883],{"class":67},[45,131202,3785],{"class":202},[45,131204,131205],{"class":202}," {}",[45,131207,89686],{"class":67},[45,131209,64],{"class":63},[45,131211,102],{"class":59},[45,131213,129916],{"class":105},[45,131215,109],{"class":59},[45,131217,64],{"class":63},[45,131219,7665],{"class":67},[45,131221,64],{"class":63},[45,131223,118],{"class":59},[45,131225,131226,131228,131230,131232],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,131227,125],{"class":124},[45,131229,109],{"class":59},[45,131231,34690],{"class":105},[45,131233,118],{"class":59},[14,131235,131236],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131238,131239],{},"Fixed version:",[36,131241,131243],{"className":38,"code":131242,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131244,131245,131286],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131246,131247,131249,131251,131253,131255,131257,131259,131261,131263,131265,131267,131269,131271,131273,131275,131277,131279,131282,131284],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131248,34669],{"class":51},[45,131250,56],{"class":55},[45,131252,76],{"class":63},[45,131254,44883],{"class":67},[45,131256,3785],{"class":202},[45,131258,131205],{"class":202},[45,131260,89686],{"class":67},[45,131262,64],{"class":63},[45,131264,102],{"class":59},[45,131266,129916],{"class":105},[45,131268,109],{"class":59},[45,131270,64],{"class":63},[45,131272,7665],{"class":67},[45,131274,64],{"class":63},[45,131276,73],{"class":59},[45,131278,76],{"class":63},[45,131280,131281],{"class":67},"Lee",[45,131283,64],{"class":63},[45,131285,118],{"class":59},[45,131287,131288,131290,131292,131294],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,131289,125],{"class":124},[45,131291,109],{"class":59},[45,131293,34690],{"class":105},[45,131295,118],{"class":59},[1864,131297,131299],{"id":131298},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131301,131302,131303,102],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[18,131304,126196],{},[14,131306,131307],{},"Problem:",[36,131309,131311],{"className":38,"code":131310,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131312,131313,131347],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131314,131315,131317,131319,131321,131323,131325,131327,131329,131331,131333,131335,131337,131339,131341,131343,131345],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131316,34669],{"class":51},[45,131318,56],{"class":55},[45,131320,76],{"class":63},[45,131322,44883],{"class":67},[45,131324,130533],{"class":202},[45,131326,89686],{"class":67},[45,131328,64],{"class":63},[45,131330,102],{"class":59},[45,131332,129916],{"class":105},[45,131334,109],{"class":59},[45,131336,7971],{"class":9161},[45,131338,56],{"class":55},[45,131340,64],{"class":63},[45,131342,7665],{"class":67},[45,131344,64],{"class":63},[45,131346,118],{"class":59},[45,131348,131349,131351,131353,131355],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,131350,125],{"class":124},[45,131352,109],{"class":59},[45,131354,34690],{"class":105},[45,131356,118],{"class":59},[14,131358,131239],{},[36,131360,131362],{"className":38,"code":131361,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131363,131364,131398],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131365,131366,131368,131370,131372,131374,131376,131378,131380,131382,131384,131386,131388,131390,131392,131394,131396],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131367,34669],{"class":51},[45,131369,56],{"class":55},[45,131371,76],{"class":63},[45,131373,44883],{"class":67},[45,131375,130533],{"class":202},[45,131377,89686],{"class":67},[45,131379,64],{"class":63},[45,131381,102],{"class":59},[45,131383,129916],{"class":105},[45,131385,109],{"class":59},[45,131387,7656],{"class":9161},[45,131389,56],{"class":55},[45,131391,64],{"class":63},[45,131393,7665],{"class":67},[45,131395,64],{"class":63},[45,131397,118],{"class":59},[45,131399,131400,131402,131404,131406],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,131401,125],{"class":124},[45,131403,109],{"class":59},[45,131405,34690],{"class":105},[45,131407,118],{"class":59},[1864,131409,1722,131411,131413],{"id":131410},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[18,131412,126196],{}," to change the original string",[14,131415,131416,131418],{},[18,131417,126196],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131420,131307],{},[36,131422,131424],{"className":38,"code":131423,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131425,131426,131440,131458],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131427,131428,131430,131432,131434,131436,131438],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131429,34669],{"class":51},[45,131431,56],{"class":55},[45,131433,76],{"class":63},[45,131435,44883],{"class":67},[45,131437,3785],{"class":202},[45,131439,1194],{"class":63},[45,131441,131442,131444,131446,131448,131450,131452,131454,131456],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,131443,34690],{"class":51},[45,131445,102],{"class":59},[45,131447,129916],{"class":105},[45,131449,109],{"class":59},[45,131451,64],{"class":63},[45,131453,7665],{"class":67},[45,131455,64],{"class":63},[45,131457,118],{"class":59},[45,131459,131460,131462,131464,131466],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131461,125],{"class":124},[45,131463,109],{"class":59},[45,131465,34690],{"class":105},[45,131467,118],{"class":59},[14,131469,131470],{},[26,131471,268],{},[36,131473,131475],{"className":38,"code":131474,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hello, {}\n",[18,131476,131477],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131478,131479,131481,131483],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131480,34848],{"class":51},[45,131482,73],{"class":59},[45,131484,9824],{"class":59},[14,131486,131239],{},[36,131488,131490],{"className":38,"code":131489,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131491,131492,131506,131528],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131493,131494,131496,131498,131500,131502,131504],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131495,34669],{"class":51},[45,131497,56],{"class":55},[45,131499,76],{"class":63},[45,131501,44883],{"class":67},[45,131503,3785],{"class":202},[45,131505,1194],{"class":63},[45,131507,131508,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518,131520,131522,131524,131526],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,131509,34669],{"class":51},[45,131511,56],{"class":55},[45,131513,42823],{"class":51},[45,131515,102],{"class":59},[45,131517,129916],{"class":105},[45,131519,109],{"class":59},[45,131521,64],{"class":63},[45,131523,7665],{"class":67},[45,131525,64],{"class":63},[45,131527,118],{"class":59},[45,131529,131530,131532,131534,131536],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131531,125],{"class":124},[45,131533,109],{"class":59},[45,131535,34690],{"class":105},[45,131537,118],{"class":59},[1864,131539,4695,131541,131543],{"id":131540},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[18,131542,126196],{}," returns a new string",[14,131545,131546],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1864,131548,131550],{"id":131549},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131552,131553],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131555,131556,131557,131559],{},"Use simple ",[18,131558,3785],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131561,131562,131563,102],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[364,131564,90244],{"href":90243},[31,131566,67866],{"id":67865},[14,131568,131569],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[36,131571,131573],{"className":38,"code":131572,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[18,131574,131575,131585,131599,131628],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131576,131577,131579,131581,131583],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131578,125],{"class":124},[45,131580,109],{"class":59},[45,131582,34690],{"class":105},[45,131584,118],{"class":59},[45,131586,131587,131589,131591,131593,131595,131597],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,131588,125],{"class":124},[45,131590,109],{"class":59},[45,131592,1811],{"class":315},[45,131594,109],{"class":59},[45,131596,28],{"class":105},[45,131598,1802],{"class":59},[45,131600,131601,131603,131605,131607,131610,131612,131614,131616,131618,131620,131622,131624,131626],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131602,125],{"class":124},[45,131604,109],{"class":59},[45,131606,64],{"class":63},[45,131608,131609],{"class":67},"Hello ",[45,131611,3785],{"class":202},[45,131613,64],{"class":63},[45,131615,102],{"class":59},[45,131617,129916],{"class":105},[45,131619,109],{"class":59},[45,131621,64],{"class":63},[45,131623,7665],{"class":67},[45,131625,64],{"class":63},[45,131627,1802],{"class":59},[45,131629,131630,131632,131634,131636,131638,131640],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,131631,1822],{"class":124},[45,131633,109],{"class":59},[45,131635,3436],{"class":315},[45,131637,102],{"class":59},[45,131639,129916],{"class":1831},[45,131641,118],{"class":59},[14,131643,131644],{},"Use them to check:",[157,131646,131647,131650,131653,131656],{},[160,131648,131649],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[160,131651,131652],{},"what type your value has",[160,131654,131655],{},"whether a small test example works",[160,131657,131658,131659],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[18,131660,131661],{},"str.format",[31,131663,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,131665,129697,131667,12703],{"id":131666},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[18,131668,126196],{},[14,131670,131671],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1864,131673,131675],{"id":131674},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131677,131678,131679,131681],{},"No. You can use plain ",[18,131680,3785],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1864,131683,131685,131686,2485],{"id":131684},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[18,131687,126196],{},[14,131689,131690,131691,131694],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[18,131692,131693],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1864,131696,14889,131698,131700],{"id":131697},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[18,131699,126196],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131702,131703,131704,131706],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[18,131705,126196],{}," is still useful and common.",[31,131708,1909],{"id":1908},[157,131710,131711,131715,131719,131725,131731],{},[160,131712,131713],{},[364,131714,124948],{"href":50957},[160,131716,131717],{},[364,131718,90521],{"href":89530},[160,131720,131721],{},[364,131722,3569,131723,3502],{"href":46430},[18,131724,46433],{},[160,131726,131727],{},[364,131728,3569,131729,3502],{"href":42156},[18,131730,47665],{},[160,131732,131733],{},[364,131734,90244],{"href":90243},[1936,131736,131737],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":131739},[131740,131741,131743,131744,131745,131746,131747,131748,131750,131759,131760,131769],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":129983,"depth":96,"text":131742},"What the format() method does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":130264,"depth":96,"text":130265},{"id":130526,"depth":96,"text":130527},{"id":130757,"depth":96,"text":130758},{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405},{"id":131060,"depth":96,"text":131749},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":131751},[131752,131753,131754,131756,131758],{"id":131181,"depth":121,"text":131182},{"id":131298,"depth":121,"text":131299},{"id":131410,"depth":121,"text":131755},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131540,"depth":121,"text":131757},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131549,"depth":121,"text":131550},{"id":67865,"depth":96,"text":67866},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":131761},[131762,131764,131765,131767],{"id":131666,"depth":121,"text":131763},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131674,"depth":121,"text":131675},{"id":131684,"depth":121,"text":131766},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131697,"depth":121,"text":131768},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129843,"description":131770},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131777,"title":131778,"body":131779,"description":133259,"extension":1958,"meta":133260,"navigation":241,"path":133261,"seo":133262,"stem":133263,"__hash__":133264},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131780,"toc":133231},[131781,131786,131791,131796,131798,131860,131867,131873,131878,131880,131896,131898,131969,131971,131985,131988,132038,132040,132042,132069,132072,132087,132090,132131,132134,132179,132186,132235,132237,132245,132247,132265,132267,132360,132368,132409,132414,132421,132427,132434,132437,132441,132542,132544,132566,132570,132623,132626,132629,132635,132642,132644,132683,132685,132703,132713,132720,132803,132806,132813,132820,132827,132831,132839,132885,132889,132898,132963,132968,132973,132984,132986,132991,133018,133020,133123,133126,133146,133148,133153,133156,133160,133164,133171,133180,133186,133189,133195,133197,133199,133228],[10,131782,123193,131784,11311],{"id":131783},"python-string-index-method",[18,131785,58944],{},[14,131787,123198,131788,131790],{},[18,131789,58944],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,131792,131793,131794,102],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[18,131795,1041],{},[31,131797,34],{"id":33},[36,131799,131801],{"className":38,"code":131800,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[18,131802,131803,131815,131837,131847,131851,131855],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131804,131805,131807,131809,131811,131813],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131806,34669],{"class":51},[45,131808,56],{"class":55},[45,131810,76],{"class":63},[45,131812,60383],{"class":67},[45,131814,1194],{"class":63},[45,131816,131817,131819,131821,131823,131825,131827,131829,131831,131833,131835],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,131818,64897],{"class":51},[45,131820,56],{"class":55},[45,131822,42823],{"class":51},[45,131824,102],{"class":59},[45,131826,1321],{"class":105},[45,131828,109],{"class":59},[45,131830,64],{"class":63},[45,131832,60568],{"class":67},[45,131834,64],{"class":63},[45,131836,118],{"class":59},[45,131838,131839,131841,131843,131845],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131840,125],{"class":124},[45,131842,109],{"class":59},[45,131844,64924],{"class":105},[45,131846,118],{"class":59},[45,131848,131849],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,131850,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,131852,131853],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,131854,90662],{"class":137},[45,131856,131857],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,131858,131859],{"class":137},"# 6\n",[14,131861,141,131862,131864,131865,102],{},[18,131863,58944],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[18,131866,1041],{},[31,131868,3671,131870,3674],{"id":131869},"what-strindex-does",[18,131871,131872],{},"str.index()",[14,131874,131875,131877],{},[18,131876,131872],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,131879,13039],{},[157,131881,131882,131885,131888,131891],{},[160,131883,131884],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[160,131886,131887],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[160,131889,131890],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[160,131892,30274,131893,131895],{},[18,131894,1041],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,131897,345],{},[36,131899,131901],{"className":38,"code":131900,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[18,131902,131903,131915,131919,131944],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131904,131905,131907,131909,131911,131913],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131906,34669],{"class":51},[45,131908,56],{"class":55},[45,131910,76],{"class":63},[45,131912,79],{"class":67},[45,131914,1194],{"class":63},[45,131916,131917],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,131918,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,131920,131921,131923,131925,131927,131929,131931,131933,131935,131937,131939,131941],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131922,125],{"class":124},[45,131924,109],{"class":59},[45,131926,34690],{"class":105},[45,131928,102],{"class":59},[45,131930,1321],{"class":105},[45,131932,109],{"class":59},[45,131934,64],{"class":63},[45,131936,364],{"class":67},[45,131938,64],{"class":63},[45,131940,5353],{"class":59},[45,131942,131943],{"class":137},"     # 1\n",[45,131945,131946,131948,131950,131952,131954,131956,131958,131960,131962,131964,131966],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,131947,125],{"class":124},[45,131949,109],{"class":59},[45,131951,34690],{"class":105},[45,131953,102],{"class":59},[45,131955,1321],{"class":105},[45,131957,109],{"class":59},[45,131959,64],{"class":63},[45,131961,123286],{"class":67},[45,131963,64],{"class":63},[45,131965,5353],{"class":59},[45,131967,131968],{"class":137},"    # 2\n",[14,131970,2174],{},[157,131972,131973,131979],{},[160,131974,131975,128406,131977],{},[18,131976,18081],{},[18,131978,203],{},[160,131980,131981,128406,131983],{},[18,131982,128405],{},[18,131984,234],{},[14,131986,131987],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[36,131989,131991],{"className":38,"code":131990,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[18,131992,131993,132005,132009,132033],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131994,131995,131997,131999,132001,132003],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131996,34669],{"class":51},[45,131998,56],{"class":55},[45,132000,76],{"class":63},[45,132002,34848],{"class":67},[45,132004,1194],{"class":63},[45,132006,132007],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,132008,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,132010,132011,132013,132015,132017,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027,132029,132031],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132012,125],{"class":124},[45,132014,109],{"class":59},[45,132016,34690],{"class":105},[45,132018,102],{"class":59},[45,132020,1321],{"class":105},[45,132022,109],{"class":59},[45,132024,64],{"class":63},[45,132026,51173],{"class":67},[45,132028,64],{"class":63},[45,132030,5353],{"class":59},[45,132032,20754],{"class":137},[45,132034,132035],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,132036,132037],{"class":137},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[31,132039,2153],{"id":2152},[14,132041,2156],{},[36,132043,132045],{"className":38,"code":132044,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,132046,132047],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132048,132049,132051,132053,132055,132057,132059,132061,132063,132065,132067],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132050,61151],{"class":51},[45,132052,102],{"class":59},[45,132054,1321],{"class":105},[45,132056,109],{"class":59},[45,132058,28],{"class":105},[45,132060,73],{"class":59},[45,132062,36033],{"class":105},[45,132064,73],{"class":59},[45,132066,65018],{"class":105},[45,132068,118],{"class":59},[14,132070,132071],{},"Parameters:",[157,132073,132074,132078,132082],{},[160,132075,132076,123385],{},[18,132077,28],{},[160,132079,132080,128452],{},[18,132081,36054],{},[160,132083,132084,132086],{},[18,132085,52643],{},": optional stopping position",[14,132088,132089],{},"You can use just the value:",[36,132091,132093],{"className":38,"code":132092,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132094,132095,132107],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132096,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132098,34669],{"class":51},[45,132100,56],{"class":55},[45,132102,76],{"class":63},[45,132104,40],{"class":67},[45,132106,1194],{"class":63},[45,132108,132109,132111,132113,132115,132117,132119,132121,132123,132125,132127,132129],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,132110,125],{"class":124},[45,132112,109],{"class":59},[45,132114,34690],{"class":105},[45,132116,102],{"class":59},[45,132118,1321],{"class":105},[45,132120,109],{"class":59},[45,132122,64],{"class":63},[45,132124,63264],{"class":67},[45,132126,64],{"class":63},[45,132128,5353],{"class":59},[45,132130,51397],{"class":137},[14,132132,132133],{},"Or include a start position:",[36,132135,132137],{"className":38,"code":132136,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[18,132138,132139,132151],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132140,132141,132143,132145,132147,132149],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132142,34669],{"class":51},[45,132144,56],{"class":55},[45,132146,76],{"class":63},[45,132148,79],{"class":67},[45,132150,1194],{"class":63},[45,132152,132153,132155,132157,132159,132161,132163,132165,132167,132169,132171,132173,132175,132177],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,132154,125],{"class":124},[45,132156,109],{"class":59},[45,132158,34690],{"class":105},[45,132160,102],{"class":59},[45,132162,1321],{"class":105},[45,132164,109],{"class":59},[45,132166,64],{"class":63},[45,132168,364],{"class":67},[45,132170,64],{"class":63},[45,132172,73],{"class":59},[45,132174,208],{"class":202},[45,132176,5353],{"class":59},[45,132178,50753],{"class":137},[14,132180,132181,132182,1301,132184,1111],{},"Or include both ",[18,132183,36054],{},[18,132185,52643],{},[36,132187,132189],{"className":38,"code":132188,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[18,132190,132191,132203],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132192,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132194,34669],{"class":51},[45,132196,56],{"class":55},[45,132198,76],{"class":63},[45,132200,79],{"class":67},[45,132202,1194],{"class":63},[45,132204,132205,132207,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,132206,125],{"class":124},[45,132208,109],{"class":59},[45,132210,34690],{"class":105},[45,132212,102],{"class":59},[45,132214,1321],{"class":105},[45,132216,109],{"class":59},[45,132218,64],{"class":63},[45,132220,364],{"class":67},[45,132222,64],{"class":63},[45,132224,73],{"class":59},[45,132226,208],{"class":202},[45,132228,73],{"class":59},[45,132230,4596],{"class":202},[45,132232,5353],{"class":59},[45,132234,50753],{"class":137},[31,132236,38001],{"id":38000},[14,132238,28689,132239,132241,132242,102],{},[18,132240,58944],{}," is a ",[26,132243,132244],{},"zero-based index",[14,132246,2101],{},[157,132248,132249,132255,132260],{},[160,132250,132251,132252,132254],{},"Index ",[18,132253,2114],{}," is the first character",[160,132256,132251,132257,132259],{},[18,132258,203],{}," is the second character",[160,132261,132251,132262,132264],{},[18,132263,234],{}," is the third character",[14,132266,345],{},[36,132268,132270],{"className":38,"code":132269,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132271,132272,132284,132288,132312,132336],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132273,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132275,34669],{"class":51},[45,132277,56],{"class":55},[45,132279,76],{"class":63},[45,132281,37027],{"class":67},[45,132283,1194],{"class":63},[45,132285,132286],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,132287,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,132289,132290,132292,132294,132296,132298,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132291,125],{"class":124},[45,132293,109],{"class":59},[45,132295,34690],{"class":105},[45,132297,102],{"class":59},[45,132299,1321],{"class":105},[45,132301,109],{"class":59},[45,132303,64],{"class":63},[45,132305,382],{"class":67},[45,132307,64],{"class":63},[45,132309,5353],{"class":59},[45,132311,51229],{"class":137},[45,132313,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322,132324,132326,132328,132330,132332,132334],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,132315,125],{"class":124},[45,132317,109],{"class":59},[45,132319,34690],{"class":105},[45,132321,102],{"class":59},[45,132323,1321],{"class":105},[45,132325,109],{"class":59},[45,132327,64],{"class":63},[45,132329,364],{"class":67},[45,132331,64],{"class":63},[45,132333,5353],{"class":59},[45,132335,27761],{"class":137},[45,132337,132338,132340,132342,132344,132346,132348,132350,132352,132354,132356,132358],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,132339,125],{"class":124},[45,132341,109],{"class":59},[45,132343,34690],{"class":105},[45,132345,102],{"class":59},[45,132347,1321],{"class":105},[45,132349,109],{"class":59},[45,132351,64],{"class":63},[45,132353,63264],{"class":67},[45,132355,64],{"class":63},[45,132357,5353],{"class":59},[45,132359,51397],{"class":137},[14,132361,132362,132364,132365,132367],{},[18,132363,58944],{}," returns only the ",[26,132366,165],{}," matching position.",[36,132369,132371],{"className":38,"code":132370,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[18,132372,132373,132385],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132374,132375,132377,132379,132381,132383],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132376,34669],{"class":51},[45,132378,56],{"class":55},[45,132380,76],{"class":63},[45,132382,79],{"class":67},[45,132384,1194],{"class":63},[45,132386,132387,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,132388,125],{"class":124},[45,132390,109],{"class":59},[45,132392,34690],{"class":105},[45,132394,102],{"class":59},[45,132396,1321],{"class":105},[45,132398,109],{"class":59},[45,132400,64],{"class":63},[45,132402,364],{"class":67},[45,132404,64],{"class":63},[45,132406,5353],{"class":59},[45,132408,27761],{"class":137},[14,132410,20964,132411,132413],{},[18,132412,18081],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132415,132416,132417,102],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[364,132418,132419,10728],{"href":124643},[18,132420,58567],{},[31,132422,1736,132423,1301,132425],{"id":65381},[18,132424,36054],{},[18,132426,52643],{},[14,132428,16,132429,1301,132431,132433],{},[18,132430,36054],{},[18,132432,52643],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132435,132436],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132438,1336,132439,1111],{},[18,132440,36054],{},[36,132442,132444],{"className":38,"code":132443,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[18,132445,132446,132458,132462,132486,132514],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132447,132448,132450,132452,132454,132456],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132449,34669],{"class":51},[45,132451,56],{"class":55},[45,132453,76],{"class":63},[45,132455,79],{"class":67},[45,132457,1194],{"class":63},[45,132459,132460],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,132461,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,132463,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132465,125],{"class":124},[45,132467,109],{"class":59},[45,132469,34690],{"class":105},[45,132471,102],{"class":59},[45,132473,1321],{"class":105},[45,132475,109],{"class":59},[45,132477,64],{"class":63},[45,132479,364],{"class":67},[45,132481,64],{"class":63},[45,132483,5353],{"class":59},[45,132485,51102],{"class":137},[45,132487,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498,132500,132502,132504,132506,132508,132510,132512],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,132489,125],{"class":124},[45,132491,109],{"class":59},[45,132493,34690],{"class":105},[45,132495,102],{"class":59},[45,132497,1321],{"class":105},[45,132499,109],{"class":59},[45,132501,64],{"class":63},[45,132503,364],{"class":67},[45,132505,64],{"class":63},[45,132507,73],{"class":59},[45,132509,208],{"class":202},[45,132511,5353],{"class":59},[45,132513,50951],{"class":137},[45,132515,132516,132518,132520,132522,132524,132526,132528,132530,132532,132534,132536,132538,132540],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,132517,125],{"class":124},[45,132519,109],{"class":59},[45,132521,34690],{"class":105},[45,132523,102],{"class":59},[45,132525,1321],{"class":105},[45,132527,109],{"class":59},[45,132529,64],{"class":63},[45,132531,364],{"class":67},[45,132533,64],{"class":63},[45,132535,73],{"class":59},[45,132537,2450],{"class":202},[45,132539,5353],{"class":59},[45,132541,50736],{"class":137},[14,132543,19943],{},[157,132545,132546,132553,132559],{},[160,132547,132548,132549,65571,132551],{},"The first search finds the first ",[18,132550,18081],{},[18,132552,203],{},[160,132554,132555,132556,132558],{},"Starting at index ",[18,132557,234],{}," skips that first match",[160,132560,132555,132561,132563,132564],{},[18,132562,2498],{}," finds the last ",[18,132565,18081],{},[14,132567,1336,132568,1111],{},[18,132569,52643],{},[36,132571,132573],{"className":38,"code":132572,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[18,132574,132575,132587,132591],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132576,132577,132579,132581,132583,132585],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132578,34669],{"class":51},[45,132580,56],{"class":55},[45,132582,76],{"class":63},[45,132584,79],{"class":67},[45,132586,1194],{"class":63},[45,132588,132589],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,132590,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,132592,132593,132595,132597,132599,132601,132603,132605,132607,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132594,125],{"class":124},[45,132596,109],{"class":59},[45,132598,34690],{"class":105},[45,132600,102],{"class":59},[45,132602,1321],{"class":105},[45,132604,109],{"class":59},[45,132606,64],{"class":63},[45,132608,75868],{"class":67},[45,132610,64],{"class":63},[45,132612,73],{"class":59},[45,132614,3827],{"class":202},[45,132616,73],{"class":59},[45,132618,2450],{"class":202},[45,132620,5353],{"class":59},[45,132622,51397],{"class":137},[14,132624,132625],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132627,132628],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[31,132630,44195,132632,132634],{"id":132631},"when-index-causes-an-error",[18,132633,58944],{}," causes an error",[14,132636,132637,132638,52477,132640,102],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[18,132639,58944],{},[18,132641,1041],{},[14,132643,345],{},[36,132645,132647],{"className":38,"code":132646,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[18,132648,132649,132661],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132650,132651,132653,132655,132657,132659],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132652,34669],{"class":51},[45,132654,56],{"class":55},[45,132656,76],{"class":63},[45,132658,3839],{"class":67},[45,132660,1194],{"class":63},[45,132662,132663,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,132664,125],{"class":124},[45,132666,109],{"class":59},[45,132668,34690],{"class":105},[45,132670,102],{"class":59},[45,132672,1321],{"class":105},[45,132674,109],{"class":59},[45,132676,64],{"class":63},[45,132678,22061],{"class":67},[45,132680,64],{"class":63},[45,132682,1802],{"class":59},[14,132684,268],{},[36,132686,132688],{"className":38,"code":132687,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[18,132689,132690],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132691,132692,132694,132696,132699,132701],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132693,1041],{"class":315},[45,132695,1111],{"class":59},[45,132697,132698],{"class":51}," substring ",[45,132700,178],{"class":55},[45,132702,65801],{"class":51},[14,132704,53324,132705,126159,132710,132712],{},[364,132706,132707],{"href":129837},[18,132708,132709],{},"str.find()",[18,132711,65825],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132714,132715,132716,1301,132718,1111],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[18,132717,29785],{},[18,132719,29816],{},[36,132721,132723],{"className":38,"code":132722,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[18,132724,132725,132737,132741,132747,132770,132780,132788],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132726,132727,132729,132731,132733,132735],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132728,34669],{"class":51},[45,132730,56],{"class":55},[45,132732,76],{"class":63},[45,132734,3839],{"class":67},[45,132736,1194],{"class":63},[45,132738,132739],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,132740,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,132742,132743,132745],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132744,29785],{"class":969},[45,132746,1213],{"class":59},[45,132748,132749,132752,132754,132756,132758,132760,132762,132764,132766,132768],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,132750,132751],{"class":51},"    position ",[45,132753,56],{"class":55},[45,132755,42823],{"class":51},[45,132757,102],{"class":59},[45,132759,1321],{"class":105},[45,132761,109],{"class":59},[45,132763,64],{"class":63},[45,132765,22061],{"class":67},[45,132767,64],{"class":63},[45,132769,118],{"class":59},[45,132771,132772,132774,132776,132778],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,132773,8055],{"class":124},[45,132775,109],{"class":59},[45,132777,64924],{"class":105},[45,132779,118],{"class":59},[45,132781,132782,132784,132786],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,132783,29816],{"class":969},[45,132785,41907],{"class":315},[45,132787,1213],{"class":59},[45,132789,132790,132792,132794,132796,132799,132801],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,132791,8055],{"class":124},[45,132793,109],{"class":59},[45,132795,64],{"class":63},[45,132797,132798],{"class":67},"Substring not found",[45,132800,64],{"class":63},[45,132802,118],{"class":59},[14,132804,132805],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,132807,41927,132808,102],{},[364,132809,25662,132811],{"href":132810},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[18,132812,129164],{},[31,132814,132816,10572,132818],{"id":132815},"index-vs-find",[18,132817,58944],{},[18,132819,124188],{},[14,132821,132822,1301,132824,132826],{},[18,132823,58944],{},[18,132825,124188],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1864,132828,132829],{"id":1321},[18,132830,58944],{},[157,132832,132833,132836],{},[160,132834,132835],{},"Returns the first match position",[160,132837,132838],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[36,132840,132842],{"className":38,"code":132841,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,132843,132844,132856,132880],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132845,132846,132848,132850,132852,132854],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132847,34669],{"class":51},[45,132849,56],{"class":55},[45,132851,76],{"class":63},[45,132853,3839],{"class":67},[45,132855,1194],{"class":63},[45,132857,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872,132874,132876,132878],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,132859,125],{"class":124},[45,132861,109],{"class":59},[45,132863,34690],{"class":105},[45,132865,102],{"class":59},[45,132867,1321],{"class":105},[45,132869,109],{"class":59},[45,132871,64],{"class":63},[45,132873,60424],{"class":67},[45,132875,64],{"class":63},[45,132877,5353],{"class":59},[45,132879,27761],{"class":137},[45,132881,132882],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132883,132884],{"class":137},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1864,132886,132887],{"id":128218},[18,132888,124188],{},[157,132890,132891,132893],{},[160,132892,132835],{},[160,132894,11412,132895,132897],{},[18,132896,65825],{}," if nothing is found",[36,132899,132901],{"className":38,"code":132900,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[18,132902,132903,132915,132939],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132904,132905,132907,132909,132911,132913],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132906,34669],{"class":51},[45,132908,56],{"class":55},[45,132910,76],{"class":63},[45,132912,3839],{"class":67},[45,132914,1194],{"class":63},[45,132916,132917,132919,132921,132923,132925,132927,132929,132931,132933,132935,132937],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,132918,125],{"class":124},[45,132920,109],{"class":59},[45,132922,34690],{"class":105},[45,132924,102],{"class":59},[45,132926,128218],{"class":105},[45,132928,109],{"class":59},[45,132930,64],{"class":63},[45,132932,60424],{"class":67},[45,132934,64],{"class":63},[45,132936,5353],{"class":59},[45,132938,27761],{"class":137},[45,132940,132941,132943,132945,132947,132949,132951,132953,132955,132957,132959,132961],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132942,125],{"class":124},[45,132944,109],{"class":59},[45,132946,34690],{"class":105},[45,132948,102],{"class":59},[45,132950,128218],{"class":105},[45,132952,109],{"class":59},[45,132954,64],{"class":63},[45,132956,22061],{"class":67},[45,132958,64],{"class":63},[45,132960,5353],{"class":59},[45,132962,128574],{"class":137},[14,132964,141,132965,132967],{},[18,132966,58944],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,132969,141,132970,132972],{},[18,132971,124188],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,132974,132975,132976,1742,132981,102],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[364,132977,132978,132980],{"href":129837},[18,132979,132709],{}," method reference",[364,132982,127229],{"href":132983},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[31,132985,1709],{"id":1708},[14,132987,132988,132989,1111],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[18,132990,58944],{},[157,132992,132993,132996,133003,133008,133013],{},[160,132994,132995],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[160,132997,1722,132998,8439,133000,133002],{},[18,132999,58944],{},[18,133001,65825],{}," when no match exists",[160,133004,1736,133005,133007],{},[18,133006,58944],{}," on a value that may not be present",[160,133009,133010,133011],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[18,133012,203],{},[160,133014,4570,133015,133017],{},[18,133016,58944],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,133019,62272],{},[36,133021,133023],{"className":38,"code":133022,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[18,133024,133025,133035,133049,133071,133093],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133026,133027,133029,133031,133033],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133028,125],{"class":124},[45,133030,109],{"class":59},[45,133032,34690],{"class":105},[45,133034,118],{"class":59},[45,133036,133037,133039,133041,133043,133045,133047],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,133038,125],{"class":124},[45,133040,109],{"class":59},[45,133042,41760],{"class":124},[45,133044,109],{"class":59},[45,133046,34690],{"class":105},[45,133048,1802],{"class":59},[45,133050,133051,133053,133055,133057,133059,133061,133063,133065,133067,133069],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,133052,125],{"class":124},[45,133054,109],{"class":59},[45,133056,34690],{"class":105},[45,133058,102],{"class":59},[45,133060,1321],{"class":105},[45,133062,109],{"class":59},[45,133064,64],{"class":63},[45,133066,28],{"class":67},[45,133068,64],{"class":63},[45,133070,1802],{"class":59},[45,133072,133073,133075,133077,133079,133081,133083,133085,133087,133089,133091],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,133074,125],{"class":124},[45,133076,109],{"class":59},[45,133078,34690],{"class":105},[45,133080,102],{"class":59},[45,133082,128218],{"class":105},[45,133084,109],{"class":59},[45,133086,64],{"class":63},[45,133088,28],{"class":67},[45,133090,64],{"class":63},[45,133092,1802],{"class":59},[45,133094,133095,133097,133099,133101,133103,133105,133107,133109,133111,133113,133115,133117,133119,133121],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,133096,125],{"class":124},[45,133098,109],{"class":59},[45,133100,34690],{"class":105},[45,133102,102],{"class":59},[45,133104,1321],{"class":105},[45,133106,109],{"class":59},[45,133108,64],{"class":63},[45,133110,28],{"class":67},[45,133112,64],{"class":63},[45,133114,73],{"class":59},[45,133116,36033],{"class":105},[45,133118,73],{"class":59},[45,133120,65018],{"class":105},[45,133122,1802],{"class":59},[14,133124,133125],{},"Tips:",[157,133127,133128,133133,133138,133141],{},[160,133129,141,133130,133132],{},[18,133131,126115],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[160,133134,141,133135,133137],{},[18,133136,124188],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[160,133139,133140],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[160,133142,133143,133144],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[18,133145,2114],{},[31,133147,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,133149,129697,133151,12703],{"id":133150},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[18,133152,58944],{},[14,133154,133155],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1864,133157,133159],{"id":133158},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133161,76696,133162,102],{},[18,133163,1041],{},[1864,133165,5170,133167,1301,133169,2485],{"id":133166},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[18,133168,58944],{},[18,133170,124188],{},[14,133172,133173,133175,133176,1326,133178,6618],{},[18,133174,58944],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[18,133177,124188],{},[18,133179,65825],{},[1864,133181,5160,133183,133185],{"id":133182},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[18,133184,58944],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133187,133188],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1864,133190,133192,133193,124529],{"id":133191},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[18,133194,58944],{},[14,133196,129722],{},[31,133198,1909],{"id":1908},[157,133200,133201,133207,133211,133216,133222],{},[160,133202,133203],{},[364,133204,133205,10728],{"href":129837},[18,133206,132709],{},[160,133208,133209],{},[364,133210,124592],{"href":132983},[160,133212,133213],{},[364,133214,129798],{"href":133215},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[160,133217,133218],{},[364,133219,133220,10728],{"href":124643},[18,133221,58567],{},[160,133223,133224],{},[364,133225,30328,133226],{"href":132810},[18,133227,129164],{},[1936,133229,133230],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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causes an error",{"id":132815,"depth":96,"text":133242,"children":133243},"index() vs find()",[133244,133245],{"id":1321,"depth":121,"text":58944},{"id":128218,"depth":121,"text":124188},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":133248},[133249,133251,133252,133254,133256],{"id":133150,"depth":121,"text":133250},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133158,"depth":121,"text":133159},{"id":133166,"depth":121,"text":133253},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133182,"depth":121,"text":133255},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133191,"depth":121,"text":133257},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131778,"description":133259},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133266,"title":133267,"body":133268,"description":136043,"extension":1958,"meta":136044,"navigation":241,"path":136045,"seo":136046,"stem":136047,"__hash__":136048},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133269,"toc":135979},[133270,133276,133281,133284,133287,133298,133300,133369,133371,133385,133390,133395,133400,133402,133445,133447,133530,133532,133578,133584,133586,133588,133608,133610,133633,133635,133709,133711,133730,133735,133737,133741,133813,133815,133829,133833,133909,133911,133930,133934,134028,134030,134039,134046,134122,134124,134142,134146,134149,134156,134205,134207,134216,134223,134282,134284,134302,134305,134312,134371,134373,134391,134398,134455,134457,134466,134470,134475,134479,134538,134540,134558,134562,134609,134614,134617,134686,134688,134705,134712,134718,134773,134778,134781,134858,134860,134878,134884,134890,134950,134952,134971,134977,134980,134987,135040,135045,135047,135108,135117,135124,135126,135183,135188,135190,135261,135265,135320,135322,135331,135336,135342,135411,135413,135445,135451,135459,135466,135472,135537,135539,135548,135554,135635,135637,135646,135651,135665,135672,135676,135681,135709,135711,135844,135847,135884,135886,135892,135901,135906,135909,135914,135919,135925,135928,135937,135940,135942,135971,135976],[10,133271,123193,133273,11311],{"id":133272},"python-string-join-method",[18,133274,133275],{},"join()",[14,133277,123198,133278,133280],{},[18,133279,133275],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133282,133283],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133285,133286],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[157,133288,133289,133295],{},[160,133290,133291,133292,133294],{},"You call ",[18,133293,133275],{}," on the separator string",[160,133296,133297],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[31,133299,3603],{"id":3602},[36,133301,133303],{"className":38,"code":133302,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[18,133304,133305,133338,133359],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133306,133307,133309,133311,133313,133315,133317,133319,133321,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331,133334,133336],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133308,4062],{"class":51},[45,133310,56],{"class":55},[45,133312,60],{"class":59},[45,133314,64],{"class":63},[45,133316,7284],{"class":67},[45,133318,64],{"class":63},[45,133320,73],{"class":59},[45,133322,76],{"class":63},[45,133324,12182],{"class":67},[45,133326,64],{"class":63},[45,133328,73],{"class":59},[45,133330,76],{"class":63},[45,133332,133333],{"class":67},"fun",[45,133335,64],{"class":63},[45,133337,93],{"class":59},[45,133339,133340,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350,133353,133355,133357],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,133341,220],{"class":51},[45,133343,56],{"class":55},[45,133345,76],{"class":63},[45,133347,76],{"class":63},[45,133349,102],{"class":59},[45,133351,133352],{"class":105},"join",[45,133354,109],{"class":59},[45,133356,4104],{"class":105},[45,133358,118],{"class":59},[45,133360,133361,133363,133365,133367],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,133362,125],{"class":124},[45,133364,109],{"class":59},[45,133366,263],{"class":105},[45,133368,118],{"class":59},[14,133370,268],{},[36,133372,133374],{"className":38,"code":133373,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Python is fun\n",[18,133375,133376],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133377,133378,133380,133382],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133379,3569],{"class":51},[45,133381,12182],{"class":55},[45,133383,133384],{"class":51}," fun\n",[14,133386,141,133387,133389],{},[18,133388,133275],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[31,133391,3671,133393,3674],{"id":133392},"what-join-does",[18,133394,133275],{},[14,133396,133397,133399],{},[18,133398,133275],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133401,11447],{},[157,133403,133404,133411,133439,133442],{},[160,133405,133406,133407,133410],{},"It uses the string before ",[18,133408,133409],{},".join()"," as the separator",[160,133412,133413,133414],{},"Common separators are:\n",[157,133415,133416,133422,133428,133434],{},[160,133417,133418,133421],{},[18,133419,133420],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[160,133423,133424,133427],{},[18,133425,133426],{},"\", \""," for commas",[160,133429,133430,133433],{},[18,133431,133432],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[160,133435,133436,133438],{},[18,133437,6259],{}," for no separator",[160,133440,133441],{},"It returns a new string",[160,133443,133444],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133446,345],{},[36,133448,133450],{"className":38,"code":133449,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[18,133451,133452,133484,133506,133510,133520],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133453,133454,133456,133458,133460,133462,133464,133466,133468,133470,133472,133474,133476,133478,133480,133482],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133455,4062],{"class":51},[45,133457,56],{"class":55},[45,133459,60],{"class":59},[45,133461,64],{"class":63},[45,133463,470],{"class":67},[45,133465,64],{"class":63},[45,133467,73],{"class":59},[45,133469,76],{"class":63},[45,133471,488],{"class":67},[45,133473,64],{"class":63},[45,133475,73],{"class":59},[45,133477,76],{"class":63},[45,133479,479],{"class":67},[45,133481,64],{"class":63},[45,133483,93],{"class":59},[45,133485,133486,133488,133490,133492,133494,133496,133498,133500,133502,133504],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,133487,220],{"class":51},[45,133489,56],{"class":55},[45,133491,76],{"class":63},[45,133493,2185],{"class":67},[45,133495,64],{"class":63},[45,133497,102],{"class":59},[45,133499,133352],{"class":105},[45,133501,109],{"class":59},[45,133503,4104],{"class":105},[45,133505,118],{"class":59},[45,133507,133508],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,133509,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,133511,133512,133514,133516,133518],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,133513,125],{"class":124},[45,133515,109],{"class":59},[45,133517,263],{"class":105},[45,133519,118],{"class":59},[45,133521,133522,133524,133526,133528],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,133523,125],{"class":124},[45,133525,109],{"class":59},[45,133527,4104],{"class":105},[45,133529,118],{"class":59},[14,133531,268],{},[36,133533,133535],{"className":38,"code":133534,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[18,133536,133537,133550],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133538,133539,133541,133543,133546,133548],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133540,470],{"class":51},[45,133542,73],{"class":59},[45,133544,133545],{"class":51}," green",[45,133547,73],{"class":59},[45,133549,35862],{"class":51},[45,133551,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560,133562,133564,133566,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,133553,278],{"class":59},[45,133555,429],{"class":63},[45,133557,470],{"class":67},[45,133559,429],{"class":63},[45,133561,73],{"class":59},[45,133563,438],{"class":63},[45,133565,488],{"class":67},[45,133567,429],{"class":63},[45,133569,73],{"class":59},[45,133571,438],{"class":63},[45,133573,479],{"class":67},[45,133575,429],{"class":63},[45,133577,93],{"class":59},[14,133579,133580,133581,133583],{},"The list stays the same. ",[18,133582,133275],{}," creates a new string.",[31,133585,2153],{"id":2152},[14,133587,7205],{},[36,133589,133591],{"className":38,"code":133590,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[18,133592,133593],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133594,133595,133598,133600,133602,133604,133606],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133596,133597],{"class":51},"separator",[45,133599,102],{"class":59},[45,133601,133352],{"class":105},[45,133603,109],{"class":59},[45,133605,3714],{"class":105},[45,133607,118],{"class":59},[1864,133609,48992],{"id":48991},[157,133611,133612,133625,133630],{},[160,133613,133614,133616,133617,2185,133619,2185,133621,2189,133623],{},[18,133615,133597],{}," is a string such as ",[18,133618,133420],{},[18,133620,133426],{},[18,133622,133432],{},[18,133624,6259],{},[160,133626,133627,133629],{},[18,133628,3714],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[160,133631,133632],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133634,345],{},[36,133636,133638],{"className":38,"code":133637,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133639,133640,133672,133695,133699],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133641,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650,133652,133654,133656,133658,133660,133662,133664,133666,133668,133670],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133643,4986],{"class":51},[45,133645,56],{"class":55},[45,133647,60],{"class":59},[45,133649,64],{"class":63},[45,133651,12867],{"class":67},[45,133653,64],{"class":63},[45,133655,73],{"class":59},[45,133657,76],{"class":63},[45,133659,35922],{"class":67},[45,133661,64],{"class":63},[45,133663,73],{"class":59},[45,133665,76],{"class":63},[45,133667,35931],{"class":67},[45,133669,64],{"class":63},[45,133671,93],{"class":59},[45,133673,133674,133676,133678,133680,133683,133685,133687,133689,133691,133693],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,133675,220],{"class":51},[45,133677,56],{"class":55},[45,133679,76],{"class":63},[45,133681,133682],{"class":67}," | ",[45,133684,64],{"class":63},[45,133686,102],{"class":59},[45,133688,133352],{"class":105},[45,133690,109],{"class":59},[45,133692,5030],{"class":105},[45,133694,118],{"class":59},[45,133696,133697],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,133698,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,133700,133701,133703,133705,133707],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,133702,125],{"class":124},[45,133704,109],{"class":59},[45,133706,263],{"class":105},[45,133708,118],{"class":59},[14,133710,268],{},[36,133712,133714],{"className":38,"code":133713,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[18,133715,133716],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133717,133718,133721,133723,133726,133728],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133719,133720],{"class":51},"Ana ",[45,133722,113700],{"class":55},[45,133724,133725],{"class":51}," Ben ",[45,133727,113700],{"class":55},[45,133729,36003],{"class":51},[14,133731,133732,133733,102],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[364,133734,124948],{"href":50957},[31,133736,121724],{"id":121723},[1864,133738,133740],{"id":133739},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[36,133742,133744],{"className":38,"code":133743,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133745,133746,133779,133799,133803],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133747,133748,133750,133752,133754,133756,133758,133760,133762,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133775,133777],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133749,4062],{"class":51},[45,133751,56],{"class":55},[45,133753,60],{"class":59},[45,133755,64],{"class":63},[45,133757,7284],{"class":67},[45,133759,64],{"class":63},[45,133761,73],{"class":59},[45,133763,76],{"class":63},[45,133765,12182],{"class":67},[45,133767,64],{"class":63},[45,133769,73],{"class":59},[45,133771,76],{"class":63},[45,133773,133774],{"class":67},"easy",[45,133776,64],{"class":63},[45,133778,93],{"class":59},[45,133780,133781,133783,133785,133787,133789,133791,133793,133795,133797],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,133782,220],{"class":51},[45,133784,56],{"class":55},[45,133786,76],{"class":63},[45,133788,76],{"class":63},[45,133790,102],{"class":59},[45,133792,133352],{"class":105},[45,133794,109],{"class":59},[45,133796,4104],{"class":105},[45,133798,118],{"class":59},[45,133800,133801],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,133802,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,133804,133805,133807,133809,133811],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,133806,125],{"class":124},[45,133808,109],{"class":59},[45,133810,263],{"class":105},[45,133812,118],{"class":59},[14,133814,268],{},[36,133816,133818],{"className":38,"code":133817,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Python is easy\n",[18,133819,133820],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133821,133822,133824,133826],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133823,3569],{"class":51},[45,133825,12182],{"class":55},[45,133827,133828],{"class":51}," easy\n",[1864,133830,133832],{"id":133831},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[36,133834,133836],{"className":38,"code":133835,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133837,133838,133873,133895,133899],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133839,133840,133842,133844,133846,133848,133851,133853,133855,133857,133860,133862,133864,133866,133869,133871],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133841,52],{"class":51},[45,133843,56],{"class":55},[45,133845,60],{"class":59},[45,133847,64],{"class":63},[45,133849,133850],{"class":67},"apples",[45,133852,64],{"class":63},[45,133854,73],{"class":59},[45,133856,76],{"class":63},[45,133858,133859],{"class":67},"bananas",[45,133861,64],{"class":63},[45,133863,73],{"class":59},[45,133865,76],{"class":63},[45,133867,133868],{"class":67},"oranges",[45,133870,64],{"class":63},[45,133872,93],{"class":59},[45,133874,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889,133891,133893],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,133876,220],{"class":51},[45,133878,56],{"class":55},[45,133880,76],{"class":63},[45,133882,2185],{"class":67},[45,133884,64],{"class":63},[45,133886,102],{"class":59},[45,133888,133352],{"class":105},[45,133890,109],{"class":59},[45,133892,99],{"class":105},[45,133894,118],{"class":59},[45,133896,133897],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,133898,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,133900,133901,133903,133905,133907],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,133902,125],{"class":124},[45,133904,109],{"class":59},[45,133906,263],{"class":105},[45,133908,118],{"class":59},[14,133910,268],{},[36,133912,133914],{"className":38,"code":133913,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[18,133915,133916],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133917,133918,133920,133922,133925,133927],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133919,133850],{"class":51},[45,133921,73],{"class":59},[45,133923,133924],{"class":51}," bananas",[45,133926,73],{"class":59},[45,133928,133929],{"class":51}," oranges\n",[1864,133931,133933],{"id":133932},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[36,133935,133937],{"className":38,"code":133936,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133938,133939,133996,134014,134018],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133940,133941,133943,133945,133947,133949,133952,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976,133978,133980,133982,133984,133986,133988,133990,133992,133994],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133942,355],{"class":51},[45,133944,56],{"class":55},[45,133946,60],{"class":59},[45,133948,64],{"class":63},[45,133950,133951],{"class":67},"P",[45,133953,64],{"class":63},[45,133955,73],{"class":59},[45,133957,76],{"class":63},[45,133959,11734],{"class":67},[45,133961,64],{"class":63},[45,133963,73],{"class":59},[45,133965,76],{"class":63},[45,133967,63264],{"class":67},[45,133969,64],{"class":63},[45,133971,73],{"class":59},[45,133973,76],{"class":63},[45,133975,60415],{"class":67},[45,133977,64],{"class":63},[45,133979,73],{"class":59},[45,133981,76],{"class":63},[45,133983,60450],{"class":67},[45,133985,64],{"class":63},[45,133987,73],{"class":59},[45,133989,76],{"class":63},[45,133991,75868],{"class":67},[45,133993,64],{"class":63},[45,133995,93],{"class":59},[45,133997,133998,134000,134002,134004,134006,134008,134010,134012],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,133999,220],{"class":51},[45,134001,56],{"class":55},[45,134003,6113],{"class":63},[45,134005,102],{"class":59},[45,134007,133352],{"class":105},[45,134009,109],{"class":59},[45,134011,391],{"class":105},[45,134013,118],{"class":59},[45,134015,134016],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134017,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,134019,134020,134022,134024,134026],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,134021,125],{"class":124},[45,134023,109],{"class":59},[45,134025,263],{"class":105},[45,134027,118],{"class":59},[14,134029,268],{},[36,134031,134033],{"className":38,"code":134032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Python\n",[18,134034,134035],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134036,134037],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134038,134032],{"class":51},[1864,134040,134042,134043,134045],{"id":134041},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[18,134044,133275],{}," returns the result",[36,134047,134049],{"className":38,"code":134048,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[18,134050,134051,134084,134107,134111],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134052,134053,134055,134057,134059,134061,134063,134065,134067,134069,134071,134073,134075,134077,134080,134082],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134054,4062],{"class":51},[45,134056,56],{"class":55},[45,134058,60],{"class":59},[45,134060,64],{"class":63},[45,134062,6572],{"class":67},[45,134064,64],{"class":63},[45,134066,73],{"class":59},[45,134068,76],{"class":63},[45,134070,79109],{"class":67},[45,134072,64],{"class":63},[45,134074,73],{"class":59},[45,134076,76],{"class":63},[45,134078,134079],{"class":67},"three",[45,134081,64],{"class":63},[45,134083,93],{"class":59},[45,134085,134086,134089,134091,134093,134095,134097,134099,134101,134103,134105],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,134087,134088],{"class":51},"joined_text ",[45,134090,56],{"class":55},[45,134092,76],{"class":63},[45,134094,2016],{"class":67},[45,134096,64],{"class":63},[45,134098,102],{"class":59},[45,134100,133352],{"class":105},[45,134102,109],{"class":59},[45,134104,4104],{"class":105},[45,134106,118],{"class":59},[45,134108,134109],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134110,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,134112,134113,134115,134117,134120],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,134114,125],{"class":124},[45,134116,109],{"class":59},[45,134118,134119],{"class":105},"joined_text",[45,134121,118],{"class":59},[14,134123,268],{},[36,134125,134127],{"className":38,"code":134126,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"one-two-three\n",[18,134128,134129],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134130,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134132,6572],{"class":51},[45,134134,2016],{"class":55},[45,134136,79109],{"class":51},[45,134138,2016],{"class":55},[45,134140,134141],{"class":51},"three\n",[31,134143,134145],{"id":134144},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134147,134148],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1864,134150,134152,134155],{"id":134151},"join-adds-spaces",[18,134153,134154],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[36,134157,134159],{"className":38,"code":134158,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[18,134160,134161,134185],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134162,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134164,4062],{"class":51},[45,134166,56],{"class":55},[45,134168,60],{"class":59},[45,134170,64],{"class":63},[45,134172,3839],{"class":67},[45,134174,64],{"class":63},[45,134176,73],{"class":59},[45,134178,76],{"class":63},[45,134180,60568],{"class":67},[45,134182,64],{"class":63},[45,134184,93],{"class":59},[45,134186,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134201,134203],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,134188,125],{"class":124},[45,134190,109],{"class":59},[45,134192,64],{"class":63},[45,134194,76],{"class":63},[45,134196,102],{"class":59},[45,134198,133352],{"class":105},[45,134200,109],{"class":59},[45,134202,4104],{"class":105},[45,134204,1802],{"class":59},[14,134206,268],{},[36,134208,134210],{"className":38,"code":134209,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"hello world\n",[18,134211,134212],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134213,134214],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134215,134209],{"class":51},[1864,134217,134219,134222],{"id":134218},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[18,134220,134221],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[36,134224,134226],{"className":38,"code":134225,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[18,134227,134228,134260],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134229,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134231,461],{"class":51},[45,134233,56],{"class":55},[45,134235,60],{"class":59},[45,134237,64],{"class":63},[45,134239,470],{"class":67},[45,134241,64],{"class":63},[45,134243,73],{"class":59},[45,134245,76],{"class":63},[45,134247,479],{"class":67},[45,134249,64],{"class":63},[45,134251,73],{"class":59},[45,134253,76],{"class":63},[45,134255,488],{"class":67},[45,134257,64],{"class":63},[45,134259,93],{"class":59},[45,134261,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,134263,125],{"class":124},[45,134265,109],{"class":59},[45,134267,64],{"class":63},[45,134269,2185],{"class":67},[45,134271,64],{"class":63},[45,134273,102],{"class":59},[45,134275,133352],{"class":105},[45,134277,109],{"class":59},[45,134279,497],{"class":105},[45,134281,1802],{"class":59},[14,134283,268],{},[36,134285,134287],{"className":38,"code":134286,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"red, blue, green\n",[18,134288,134289],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134290,134291,134293,134295,134298,134300],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134292,470],{"class":51},[45,134294,73],{"class":59},[45,134296,134297],{"class":51}," blue",[45,134299,73],{"class":59},[45,134301,35855],{"class":51},[14,134303,134304],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1864,134306,134308,134311],{"id":134307},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[18,134309,134310],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[36,134313,134315],{"className":38,"code":134314,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[18,134316,134317,134349],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134318,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134320,42818],{"class":51},[45,134322,56],{"class":55},[45,134324,60],{"class":59},[45,134326,64],{"class":63},[45,134328,40],{"class":67},[45,134330,64],{"class":63},[45,134332,73],{"class":59},[45,134334,76],{"class":63},[45,134336,61151],{"class":67},[45,134338,64],{"class":63},[45,134340,73],{"class":59},[45,134342,76],{"class":63},[45,134344,133352],{"class":67},[45,134346,64],{"class":63},[45,134348,93],{"class":59},[45,134350,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,134352,125],{"class":124},[45,134354,109],{"class":59},[45,134356,64],{"class":63},[45,134358,2016],{"class":67},[45,134360,64],{"class":63},[45,134362,102],{"class":59},[45,134364,133352],{"class":105},[45,134366,109],{"class":59},[45,134368,42850],{"class":105},[45,134370,1802],{"class":59},[14,134372,268],{},[36,134374,134376],{"className":38,"code":134375,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"python-string-join\n",[18,134377,134378],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134379,134380,134382,134384,134386,134388],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134381,40],{"class":51},[45,134383,2016],{"class":55},[45,134385,61151],{"class":51},[45,134387,2016],{"class":55},[45,134389,134390],{"class":51},"join\n",[1864,134392,134394,134397],{"id":134393},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[18,134395,134396],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[36,134399,134401],{"className":38,"code":134400,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[18,134402,134403,134436],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134404,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134432,134434],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134406,112772],{"class":51},[45,134408,56],{"class":55},[45,134410,60],{"class":59},[45,134412,64],{"class":63},[45,134414,22229],{"class":67},[45,134416,64],{"class":63},[45,134418,73],{"class":59},[45,134420,76],{"class":63},[45,134422,30581],{"class":67},[45,134424,64],{"class":63},[45,134426,73],{"class":59},[45,134428,76],{"class":63},[45,134430,134431],{"class":67},"C",[45,134433,64],{"class":63},[45,134435,93],{"class":59},[45,134437,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448,134450,134453],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,134439,125],{"class":124},[45,134441,109],{"class":59},[45,134443,6259],{"class":63},[45,134445,102],{"class":59},[45,134447,133352],{"class":105},[45,134449,109],{"class":59},[45,134451,134452],{"class":105},"chars",[45,134454,1802],{"class":59},[14,134456,268],{},[36,134458,134460],{"className":38,"code":134459,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ABC\n",[18,134461,134462],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134463,134464],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134465,134459],{"class":34434},[31,134467,134469],{"id":134468},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134471,134472,134474],{},[18,134473,133275],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1864,134476,134478],{"id":134477},"this-works","This works",[36,134480,134482],{"className":38,"code":134481,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134483,134484,134516],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134485,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134487,3816],{"class":51},[45,134489,56],{"class":55},[45,134491,60],{"class":59},[45,134493,64],{"class":63},[45,134495,585],{"class":67},[45,134497,64],{"class":63},[45,134499,73],{"class":59},[45,134501,76],{"class":63},[45,134503,15741],{"class":67},[45,134505,64],{"class":63},[45,134507,73],{"class":59},[45,134509,76],{"class":63},[45,134511,616],{"class":67},[45,134513,64],{"class":63},[45,134515,93],{"class":59},[45,134517,134518,134520,134522,134524,134526,134528,134530,134532,134534,134536],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,134519,125],{"class":124},[45,134521,109],{"class":59},[45,134523,64],{"class":63},[45,134525,2185],{"class":67},[45,134527,64],{"class":63},[45,134529,102],{"class":59},[45,134531,133352],{"class":105},[45,134533,109],{"class":59},[45,134535,5350],{"class":105},[45,134537,1802],{"class":59},[14,134539,268],{},[36,134541,134543],{"className":38,"code":134542,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"10, 20, 30\n",[18,134544,134545],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134546,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134548,585],{"class":202},[45,134550,73],{"class":59},[45,134552,590],{"class":202},[45,134554,73],{"class":59},[45,134556,134557],{"class":202}," 30\n",[1864,134559,134561],{"id":134560},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[36,134563,134565],{"className":38,"code":134564,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134566,134567,134587],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134568,134569,134571,134573,134575,134577,134579,134581,134583,134585],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134570,3816],{"class":51},[45,134572,56],{"class":55},[45,134574,60],{"class":59},[45,134576,203],{"class":202},[45,134578,73],{"class":59},[45,134580,208],{"class":202},[45,134582,73],{"class":59},[45,134584,213],{"class":202},[45,134586,93],{"class":59},[45,134588,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,134590,125],{"class":124},[45,134592,109],{"class":59},[45,134594,64],{"class":63},[45,134596,2185],{"class":67},[45,134598,64],{"class":63},[45,134600,102],{"class":59},[45,134602,133352],{"class":105},[45,134604,109],{"class":59},[45,134606,5350],{"class":105},[45,134608,1802],{"class":59},[14,134610,90149,134611,134613],{},[18,134612,2998],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134615,134616],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[36,134618,134620],{"className":38,"code":134619,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134621,134622,134642,134672,134676],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134623,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134625,3816],{"class":51},[45,134627,56],{"class":55},[45,134629,60],{"class":59},[45,134631,203],{"class":202},[45,134633,73],{"class":59},[45,134635,208],{"class":202},[45,134637,73],{"class":59},[45,134639,213],{"class":202},[45,134641,93],{"class":59},[45,134643,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,134645,220],{"class":51},[45,134647,56],{"class":55},[45,134649,76],{"class":63},[45,134651,2185],{"class":67},[45,134653,64],{"class":63},[45,134655,102],{"class":59},[45,134657,133352],{"class":105},[45,134659,109],{"class":59},[45,134661,39841],{"class":124},[45,134663,109],{"class":59},[45,134665,3436],{"class":315},[45,134667,73],{"class":59},[45,134669,3877],{"class":105},[45,134671,1802],{"class":59},[45,134673,134674],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134675,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,134677,134678,134680,134682,134684],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,134679,125],{"class":124},[45,134681,109],{"class":59},[45,134683,263],{"class":105},[45,134685,118],{"class":59},[14,134687,268],{},[36,134689,134691],{"className":38,"code":134690,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1, 2, 3\n",[18,134692,134693],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134694,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134696,203],{"class":202},[45,134698,73],{"class":59},[45,134700,208],{"class":202},[45,134702,73],{"class":59},[45,134704,2571],{"class":202},[14,134706,134707,134708,102],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[364,134709,3569,134710,3502],{"href":42156},[18,134711,47665],{},[1864,134713,134715,134717],{"id":134714},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[18,134716,301],{}," values do not work directly",[36,134719,134721],{"className":38,"code":134720,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134722,134723,134751],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134724,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134726,3816],{"class":51},[45,134728,56],{"class":55},[45,134730,60],{"class":59},[45,134732,64],{"class":63},[45,134734,68],{"class":67},[45,134736,64],{"class":63},[45,134738,73],{"class":59},[45,134740,3846],{"class":291},[45,134742,73],{"class":59},[45,134744,76],{"class":63},[45,134746,79],{"class":67},[45,134748,64],{"class":63},[45,134750,93],{"class":59},[45,134752,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,134754,125],{"class":124},[45,134756,109],{"class":59},[45,134758,64],{"class":63},[45,134760,2185],{"class":67},[45,134762,64],{"class":63},[45,134764,102],{"class":59},[45,134766,133352],{"class":105},[45,134768,109],{"class":59},[45,134770,5350],{"class":105},[45,134772,1802],{"class":59},[14,134774,134775,134776,102],{},"This also causes a ",[18,134777,2998],{},[14,134779,134780],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[36,134782,134784],{"className":38,"code":134783,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134785,134786,134814,134844,134848],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134787,134788,134790,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134789,3816],{"class":51},[45,134791,56],{"class":55},[45,134793,60],{"class":59},[45,134795,64],{"class":63},[45,134797,68],{"class":67},[45,134799,64],{"class":63},[45,134801,73],{"class":59},[45,134803,3846],{"class":291},[45,134805,73],{"class":59},[45,134807,76],{"class":63},[45,134809,79],{"class":67},[45,134811,64],{"class":63},[45,134813,93],{"class":59},[45,134815,134816,134818,134820,134822,134824,134826,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,134817,220],{"class":51},[45,134819,56],{"class":55},[45,134821,76],{"class":63},[45,134823,2185],{"class":67},[45,134825,64],{"class":63},[45,134827,102],{"class":59},[45,134829,133352],{"class":105},[45,134831,109],{"class":59},[45,134833,39841],{"class":124},[45,134835,109],{"class":59},[45,134837,3436],{"class":315},[45,134839,73],{"class":59},[45,134841,3877],{"class":105},[45,134843,1802],{"class":59},[45,134845,134846],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134847,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,134849,134850,134852,134854,134856],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,134851,125],{"class":124},[45,134853,109],{"class":59},[45,134855,263],{"class":105},[45,134857,118],{"class":59},[14,134859,268],{},[36,134861,134863],{"className":38,"code":134862,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"apple, None, banana\n",[18,134864,134865],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134866,134867,134869,134871,134873,134875],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134868,68],{"class":51},[45,134870,73],{"class":59},[45,134872,3846],{"class":291},[45,134874,73],{"class":59},[45,134876,134877],{"class":51}," banana\n",[14,134879,134880,134881,134883],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[18,134882,301],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1864,134885,134887,134889],{"id":134886},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[18,134888,133275],{}," also works with tuples",[36,134891,134893],{"className":38,"code":134892,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[18,134894,134895,134927],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134896,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923,134925],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134898,4986],{"class":51},[45,134900,56],{"class":55},[45,134902,9222],{"class":59},[45,134904,64],{"class":63},[45,134906,7665],{"class":67},[45,134908,64],{"class":63},[45,134910,73],{"class":59},[45,134912,76],{"class":63},[45,134914,131281],{"class":67},[45,134916,64],{"class":63},[45,134918,73],{"class":59},[45,134920,76],{"class":63},[45,134922,7907],{"class":67},[45,134924,64],{"class":63},[45,134926,118],{"class":59},[45,134928,134929,134931,134933,134935,134938,134940,134942,134944,134946,134948],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,134930,125],{"class":124},[45,134932,109],{"class":59},[45,134934,64],{"class":63},[45,134936,134937],{"class":67}," \u002F ",[45,134939,64],{"class":63},[45,134941,102],{"class":59},[45,134943,133352],{"class":105},[45,134945,109],{"class":59},[45,134947,5030],{"class":105},[45,134949,1802],{"class":59},[14,134951,268],{},[36,134953,134955],{"className":38,"code":134954,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[18,134956,134957],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134958,134959,134962,134964,134967,134969],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134960,134961],{"class":51},"Sam ",[45,134963,127085],{"class":55},[45,134965,134966],{"class":51}," Lee ",[45,134968,127085],{"class":55},[45,134970,22318],{"class":51},[31,134972,134974,134975],{"id":134973},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[18,134976,133275],{},[14,134978,134979],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1864,134981,134983,134984,134986],{"id":134982},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[18,134985,2998],{}," because not all items are strings",[36,134988,134990],{"className":38,"code":134989,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[18,134991,134992,135020],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134993,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134995,52],{"class":51},[45,134997,56],{"class":55},[45,134999,60],{"class":59},[45,135001,64],{"class":63},[45,135003,364],{"class":67},[45,135005,64],{"class":63},[45,135007,73],{"class":59},[45,135009,208],{"class":202},[45,135011,73],{"class":59},[45,135013,76],{"class":63},[45,135015,382],{"class":67},[45,135017,64],{"class":63},[45,135019,93],{"class":59},[45,135021,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034,135036,135038],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,135023,125],{"class":124},[45,135025,109],{"class":59},[45,135027,64],{"class":63},[45,135029,76],{"class":63},[45,135031,102],{"class":59},[45,135033,133352],{"class":105},[45,135035,109],{"class":59},[45,135037,99],{"class":105},[45,135039,1802],{"class":59},[14,135041,48492,135042,135044],{},[18,135043,234],{}," is an integer.",[14,135046,39243],{},[36,135048,135050],{"className":38,"code":135049,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[18,135051,135052,135080],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135053,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135055,52],{"class":51},[45,135057,56],{"class":55},[45,135059,60],{"class":59},[45,135061,64],{"class":63},[45,135063,364],{"class":67},[45,135065,64],{"class":63},[45,135067,73],{"class":59},[45,135069,208],{"class":202},[45,135071,73],{"class":59},[45,135073,76],{"class":63},[45,135075,382],{"class":67},[45,135077,64],{"class":63},[45,135079,93],{"class":59},[45,135081,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104,135106],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,135083,125],{"class":124},[45,135085,109],{"class":59},[45,135087,64],{"class":63},[45,135089,76],{"class":63},[45,135091,102],{"class":59},[45,135093,133352],{"class":105},[45,135095,109],{"class":59},[45,135097,39841],{"class":124},[45,135099,109],{"class":59},[45,135101,3436],{"class":315},[45,135103,73],{"class":59},[45,135105,1210],{"class":105},[45,135107,2905],{"class":59},[14,135109,135110,135111,102],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[364,135112,25662,135114],{"href":135113},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[18,135115,135116],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1864,135118,135120,135121,135123],{"id":135119},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[18,135122,133275],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135125,4516],{},[36,135127,135129],{"className":38,"code":135128,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[18,135130,135131,135163],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135132,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135134,4062],{"class":51},[45,135136,56],{"class":55},[45,135138,60],{"class":59},[45,135140,64],{"class":63},[45,135142,7284],{"class":67},[45,135144,64],{"class":63},[45,135146,73],{"class":59},[45,135148,76],{"class":63},[45,135150,12182],{"class":67},[45,135152,64],{"class":63},[45,135154,73],{"class":59},[45,135156,76],{"class":63},[45,135158,133333],{"class":67},[45,135160,64],{"class":63},[45,135162,93],{"class":59},[45,135164,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,135166,220],{"class":51},[45,135168,56],{"class":55},[45,135170,6155],{"class":51},[45,135172,102],{"class":59},[45,135174,133352],{"class":105},[45,135176,109],{"class":59},[45,135178,64],{"class":63},[45,135180,76],{"class":63},[45,135182,118],{"class":59},[14,135184,135185,135187],{},[18,135186,133275],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135189,10795],{},[36,135191,135193],{"className":38,"code":135192,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135194,135195,135227,135247,135251],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135196,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211,135213,135215,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135198,4062],{"class":51},[45,135200,56],{"class":55},[45,135202,60],{"class":59},[45,135204,64],{"class":63},[45,135206,7284],{"class":67},[45,135208,64],{"class":63},[45,135210,73],{"class":59},[45,135212,76],{"class":63},[45,135214,12182],{"class":67},[45,135216,64],{"class":63},[45,135218,73],{"class":59},[45,135220,76],{"class":63},[45,135222,133333],{"class":67},[45,135224,64],{"class":63},[45,135226,93],{"class":59},[45,135228,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,135230,220],{"class":51},[45,135232,56],{"class":55},[45,135234,76],{"class":63},[45,135236,76],{"class":63},[45,135238,102],{"class":59},[45,135240,133352],{"class":105},[45,135242,109],{"class":59},[45,135244,4104],{"class":105},[45,135246,118],{"class":59},[45,135248,135249],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,135250,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,135252,135253,135255,135257,135259],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,135254,125],{"class":124},[45,135256,109],{"class":59},[45,135258,263],{"class":105},[45,135260,118],{"class":59},[1864,135262,135264],{"id":135263},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[36,135266,135268],{"className":38,"code":135267,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,135269,135270,135302],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135271,135272,135274,135276,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135273,4062],{"class":51},[45,135275,56],{"class":55},[45,135277,60],{"class":59},[45,135279,64],{"class":63},[45,135281,6572],{"class":67},[45,135283,64],{"class":63},[45,135285,73],{"class":59},[45,135287,76],{"class":63},[45,135289,79109],{"class":67},[45,135291,64],{"class":63},[45,135293,73],{"class":59},[45,135295,76],{"class":63},[45,135297,134079],{"class":67},[45,135299,64],{"class":63},[45,135301,93],{"class":59},[45,135303,135304,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,135305,125],{"class":124},[45,135307,109],{"class":59},[45,135309,6259],{"class":63},[45,135311,102],{"class":59},[45,135313,133352],{"class":105},[45,135315,109],{"class":59},[45,135317,4104],{"class":105},[45,135319,1802],{"class":59},[14,135321,268],{},[36,135323,135325],{"className":38,"code":135324,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"onetwothree\n",[18,135326,135327],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135328,135329],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135330,135324],{"class":51},[14,135332,135333,135334,6618],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[18,135335,133420],{},[1864,135337,135339,135340,131543],{"id":135338},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[18,135341,133275],{},[36,135343,135345],{"className":38,"code":135344,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,135346,135347,135379,135397,135401],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135348,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365,135367,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135350,4062],{"class":51},[45,135352,56],{"class":55},[45,135354,60],{"class":59},[45,135356,64],{"class":63},[45,135358,364],{"class":67},[45,135360,64],{"class":63},[45,135362,73],{"class":59},[45,135364,76],{"class":63},[45,135366,373],{"class":67},[45,135368,64],{"class":63},[45,135370,73],{"class":59},[45,135372,76],{"class":63},[45,135374,382],{"class":67},[45,135376,64],{"class":63},[45,135378,93],{"class":59},[45,135380,135381,135383,135385,135387,135389,135391,135393,135395],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,135382,64],{"class":43310},[45,135384,2016],{"class":43314},[45,135386,64],{"class":43310},[45,135388,102],{"class":59},[45,135390,133352],{"class":105},[45,135392,109],{"class":59},[45,135394,4104],{"class":105},[45,135396,118],{"class":59},[45,135398,135399],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,135400,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,135402,135403,135405,135407,135409],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,135404,125],{"class":124},[45,135406,109],{"class":59},[45,135408,4104],{"class":105},[45,135410,118],{"class":59},[14,135412,268],{},[36,135414,135415],{"className":38,"code":42857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,135416,135417],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135418,135419,135421,135423,135425,135427,135429,135431,135433,135435,135437,135439,135441,135443],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135420,278],{"class":59},[45,135422,429],{"class":63},[45,135424,364],{"class":67},[45,135426,429],{"class":63},[45,135428,73],{"class":59},[45,135430,438],{"class":63},[45,135432,373],{"class":67},[45,135434,429],{"class":63},[45,135436,73],{"class":59},[45,135438,438],{"class":63},[45,135440,382],{"class":67},[45,135442,429],{"class":63},[45,135444,93],{"class":59},[14,135446,135447,135448,135450],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[18,135449,133275],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[31,135452,135454,135456,135457],{"id":135453},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[18,135455,133275],{}," vs concatenation with ",[18,135458,2053],{},[14,135460,10577,135461,1301,135463,135465],{},[18,135462,133275],{},[18,135464,2053],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1864,135467,141,135469,135471],{"id":135468},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[18,135470,2053],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[36,135473,135475],{"className":38,"code":135474,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135476,135477,135490,135503,135523,135527],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135478,135479,135482,135484,135486,135488],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135480,135481],{"class":51},"first ",[45,135483,56],{"class":55},[45,135485,76],{"class":63},[45,135487,34848],{"class":67},[45,135489,1194],{"class":63},[45,135491,135492,135495,135497,135499,135501],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,135493,135494],{"class":51},"second ",[45,135496,56],{"class":55},[45,135498,76],{"class":63},[45,135500,89578],{"class":67},[45,135502,1194],{"class":63},[45,135504,135505,135507,135509,135512,135514,135516,135518,135520],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,135506,220],{"class":51},[45,135508,56],{"class":55},[45,135510,135511],{"class":51}," first ",[45,135513,2053],{"class":55},[45,135515,76],{"class":63},[45,135517,76],{"class":63},[45,135519,2447],{"class":55},[45,135521,135522],{"class":51}," second\n",[45,135524,135525],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,135526,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,135528,135529,135531,135533,135535],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,135530,125],{"class":124},[45,135532,109],{"class":59},[45,135534,263],{"class":105},[45,135536,118],{"class":59},[14,135538,268],{},[36,135540,135542],{"className":38,"code":135541,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hello World\n",[18,135543,135544],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135545,135546],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135547,135541],{"class":51},[1864,135549,141,135551,135553],{"id":135550},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[18,135552,133275],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[36,135555,135557],{"className":38,"code":135556,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135558,135559,135601,135621,135625],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135560,135561,135563,135565,135567,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577,135580,135582,135584,135586,135589,135591,135593,135595,135597,135599],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135562,4062],{"class":51},[45,135564,56],{"class":55},[45,135566,60],{"class":59},[45,135568,64],{"class":63},[45,135570,7284],{"class":67},[45,135572,64],{"class":63},[45,135574,73],{"class":59},[45,135576,76],{"class":63},[45,135578,135579],{"class":67},"makes",[45,135581,64],{"class":63},[45,135583,73],{"class":59},[45,135585,76],{"class":63},[45,135587,135588],{"class":67},"this",[45,135590,64],{"class":63},[45,135592,73],{"class":59},[45,135594,76],{"class":63},[45,135596,133774],{"class":67},[45,135598,64],{"class":63},[45,135600,93],{"class":59},[45,135602,135603,135605,135607,135609,135611,135613,135615,135617,135619],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,135604,220],{"class":51},[45,135606,56],{"class":55},[45,135608,76],{"class":63},[45,135610,76],{"class":63},[45,135612,102],{"class":59},[45,135614,133352],{"class":105},[45,135616,109],{"class":59},[45,135618,4104],{"class":105},[45,135620,118],{"class":59},[45,135622,135623],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,135624,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,135626,135627,135629,135631,135633],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,135628,125],{"class":124},[45,135630,109],{"class":59},[45,135632,263],{"class":105},[45,135634,118],{"class":59},[14,135636,268],{},[36,135638,135640],{"className":38,"code":135639,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Python makes this easy\n",[18,135641,135642],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135643,135644],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135645,135639],{"class":51},[14,135647,135648,135650],{},[18,135649,133275],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[157,135652,135653,135656,135659],{},[160,135654,135655],{},"You already have a list of strings",[160,135657,135658],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[160,135660,135661,135662,135664],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[18,135663,2053],{}," operators",[14,135666,135667,135668,102],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[364,135669,135671],{"href":135670},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[31,135673,135675],{"id":135674},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135677,8860,135678,135680],{},[18,135679,133275],{}," is not working, check these first:",[157,135682,135683,135686,135691,135700,135706],{},[160,135684,135685],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[160,135687,135688,135689],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[18,135690,301],{},[160,135692,135693,135694,11080,135697],{},"You may have written ",[18,135695,135696],{},"list.join(...)",[18,135698,135699],{},"string.join(...)",[160,135701,135702,135703,135705],{},"You may be expecting ",[18,135704,133275],{}," to change the original iterable",[160,135707,135708],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135710,94218],{},[36,135712,135714],{"className":38,"code":135713,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[18,135715,135716,135730,135740,135764,135804],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135717,135718,135720,135722,135724,135726,135728],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135719,125],{"class":124},[45,135721,109],{"class":59},[45,135723,1811],{"class":315},[45,135725,109],{"class":59},[45,135727,99],{"class":105},[45,135729,1802],{"class":59},[45,135731,135732,135734,135736,135738],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,135733,125],{"class":124},[45,135735,109],{"class":59},[45,135737,99],{"class":105},[45,135739,118],{"class":59},[45,135741,135742,135744,135746,135748,135750,135752,135754,135756,135758,135760,135762],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,135743,125],{"class":124},[45,135745,2979],{"class":59},[45,135747,1811],{"class":315},[45,135749,109],{"class":59},[45,135751,23293],{"class":105},[45,135753,3654],{"class":59},[45,135755,3870],{"class":969},[45,135757,973],{"class":105},[45,135759,976],{"class":969},[45,135761,1210],{"class":105},[45,135763,3880],{"class":59},[45,135765,135766,135768,135770,135772,135774,135776,135778,135780,135782,135784,135786,135788,135790,135792,135794,135796,135798,135800,135802],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,135767,125],{"class":124},[45,135769,109],{"class":59},[45,135771,429],{"class":63},[45,135773,438],{"class":63},[45,135775,102],{"class":59},[45,135777,133352],{"class":105},[45,135779,2979],{"class":59},[45,135781,429],{"class":63},[45,135783,364],{"class":67},[45,135785,429],{"class":63},[45,135787,73],{"class":59},[45,135789,438],{"class":63},[45,135791,373],{"class":67},[45,135793,429],{"class":63},[45,135795,73],{"class":59},[45,135797,438],{"class":63},[45,135799,382],{"class":67},[45,135801,429],{"class":63},[45,135803,2992],{"class":59},[45,135805,135806,135808,135810,135812,135814,135816,135818,135820,135822,135824,135826,135828,135830,135832,135834,135836,135838,135840,135842],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,135807,125],{"class":124},[45,135809,109],{"class":59},[45,135811,429],{"class":63},[45,135813,2185],{"class":67},[45,135815,429],{"class":63},[45,135817,102],{"class":59},[45,135819,133352],{"class":105},[45,135821,109],{"class":59},[45,135823,39841],{"class":124},[45,135825,109],{"class":59},[45,135827,3436],{"class":315},[45,135829,73],{"class":59},[45,135831,60],{"class":59},[45,135833,203],{"class":202},[45,135835,73],{"class":59},[45,135837,208],{"class":202},[45,135839,73],{"class":59},[45,135841,213],{"class":202},[45,135843,37245],{"class":59},[14,135845,135846],{},"What these checks do:",[157,135848,135849,135857,135863,135869,135878],{},[160,135850,135851,135854,135855,8082],{},[18,135852,135853],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[18,135856,99],{},[160,135858,135859,135862],{},[18,135860,135861],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[160,135864,135865,135868],{},[18,135866,135867],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[160,135870,135871,135874,135875,135877],{},[18,135872,135873],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[18,135876,133275],{}," behavior",[160,135879,135880,135883],{},[18,135881,135882],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[31,135885,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,135887,175,135889,135891],{"id":135888},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[18,135890,133275],{}," work with numbers?",[14,135893,135894,135895,135897,135898,102],{},"Not directly. ",[18,135896,133275],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[18,135899,135900],{},"map(str, values)",[1864,135902,175,135904,57141],{"id":135903},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[18,135905,133275],{},[14,135907,135908],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1864,135910,28310,135912,62612],{"id":135911},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[18,135913,133275],{},[14,135915,42133,135916,135918],{},[18,135917,133275],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1864,135920,5133,135922,39942],{"id":135921},"what-does-joinwords-do",[18,135923,135924],{},"''.join(words)",[14,135926,135927],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1864,135929,135931,135932,135934,135935,2485],{"id":135930},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[18,135933,2998],{}," when using ",[18,135936,133275],{},[14,135938,135939],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[31,135941,1909],{"id":1908},[157,135943,135944,135949,135955,135961,135967],{},[160,135945,135946],{},[364,135947,135948],{"href":135670},"How to join strings in Python",[160,135950,135951],{},[364,135952,126193,135953,10728],{"href":128880},[18,135954,60508],{},[160,135956,135957],{},[364,135958,3569,135959,3502],{"href":42156},[18,135960,47665],{},[160,135962,135963],{},[364,135964,30328,135965],{"href":135113},[18,135966,135116],{},[160,135968,135969],{},[364,135970,124948],{"href":50957},[14,135972,97188,135973,135975],{},[18,135974,133275],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1936,135977,135978],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":135980},[135981,135982,135984,135987,135994,136004,136012,136022,136029,136030,136042],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":133392,"depth":96,"text":135983},"What join() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153,"children":135985},[135986],{"id":48991,"depth":121,"text":48992},{"id":121723,"depth":96,"text":121724,"children":135988},[135989,135990,135991,135992],{"id":133739,"depth":121,"text":133740},{"id":133831,"depth":121,"text":133832},{"id":133932,"depth":121,"text":133933},{"id":134041,"depth":121,"text":135993},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134144,"depth":96,"text":134145,"children":135995},[135996,135998,136000,136002],{"id":134151,"depth":121,"text":135997},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134218,"depth":121,"text":135999},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134307,"depth":121,"text":136001},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134393,"depth":121,"text":136003},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134468,"depth":96,"text":134469,"children":136005},[136006,136007,136008,136010],{"id":134477,"depth":121,"text":134478},{"id":134560,"depth":121,"text":134561},{"id":134714,"depth":121,"text":136009},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134886,"depth":121,"text":136011},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134973,"depth":96,"text":136013,"children":136014},"Common errors with join()",[136015,136017,136019,136020],{"id":134982,"depth":121,"text":136016},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135119,"depth":121,"text":136018},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135263,"depth":121,"text":135264},{"id":135338,"depth":121,"text":136021},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135453,"depth":96,"text":136023,"children":136024},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136025,136027],{"id":135468,"depth":121,"text":136026},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135550,"depth":121,"text":136028},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135674,"depth":96,"text":135675},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":136031},[136032,136034,136036,136038,136040],{"id":135888,"depth":121,"text":136033},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135903,"depth":121,"text":136035},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135911,"depth":121,"text":136037},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135921,"depth":121,"text":136039},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135930,"depth":121,"text":136041},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133267,"description":136043},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136050,"title":136051,"body":136052,"description":137620,"extension":1958,"meta":137621,"navigation":241,"path":137622,"seo":137623,"stem":137624,"__hash__":137625},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136053,"toc":137587},[136054,136059,136064,136066,136080,136125,136132,136137,136142,136144,136160,136169,136171,136173,136188,136190,136200,136202,136264,136266,136269,136330,136332,136348,136350,136363,136366,136413,136415,136421,136424,136427,136487,136495,136581,136585,136590,136592,136606,136609,136694,136697,136755,136766,136821,136823,136830,136836,136842,136886,136889,136936,136938,136940,136947,136949,136980,136983,136985,137016,137020,137023,137025,137065,137067,137110,137116,137121,137123,137150,137155,137158,137207,137211,137214,137289,137300,137303,137360,137367,137373,137381,137386,137393,137400,137418,137420,137474,137482,137484,137489,137492,137498,137504,137509,137512,137518,137524,137531,137539,137541,137584],[10,136055,123193,136057,11311],{"id":136056},"python-string-lower-method",[18,136058,123923],{},[14,136060,123198,136061,136063],{},[18,136062,123923],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,136065,24070],{},[157,136067,136068,136071,136074,136077],{},[160,136069,136070],{},"convert text to lowercase",[160,136072,136073],{},"compare text without case differences",[160,136075,136076],{},"clean up user input",[160,136078,136079],{},"make simple text matching easier",[36,136081,136083],{"className":38,"code":136082,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[18,136084,136085,136098,136112],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136086,136087,136089,136091,136093,136096],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136088,34669],{"class":51},[45,136090,56],{"class":55},[45,136092,76],{"class":63},[45,136094,136095],{"class":67},"Hello WORLD",[45,136097,1194],{"class":63},[45,136099,136100,136102,136104,136106,136108,136110],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,136101,220],{"class":51},[45,136103,56],{"class":55},[45,136105,42823],{"class":51},[45,136107,102],{"class":59},[45,136109,8624],{"class":105},[45,136111,8627],{"class":59},[45,136113,136114,136116,136118,136120,136122],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136115,125],{"class":124},[45,136117,109],{"class":59},[45,136119,263],{"class":105},[45,136121,3654],{"class":59},[45,136123,136124],{"class":137},"  # hello world\n",[14,136126,136127,88801,136129,136131],{},[26,136128,83659],{},[18,136130,123923],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[31,136133,3671,136135,3674],{"id":136134},"what-lower-does",[18,136136,123923],{},[14,136138,136139,136141],{},[18,136140,123923],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136143,13039],{},[157,136145,136146,136151,136154,136157],{},[160,136147,136148,136150],{},[18,136149,123923],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[160,136152,136153],{},"It works on string objects",[160,136155,136156],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[160,136158,136159],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136161,124945,136162,136166,136167,102],{},[364,136163,136165],{"href":136164},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[364,136168,50958],{"href":50957},[31,136170,2153],{"id":2152},[14,136172,2156],{},[36,136174,136176],{"className":38,"code":136175,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.lower()\n",[18,136177,136178],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136179,136180,136182,136184,136186],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136181,61151],{"class":51},[45,136183,102],{"class":59},[45,136185,8624],{"class":105},[45,136187,8627],{"class":59},[14,136189,43632],{},[157,136191,136192,136194,136197],{},[160,136193,97366],{},[160,136195,136196],{},"You call it directly on a string",[160,136198,136199],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136201,345],{},[36,136203,136205],{"className":38,"code":136204,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[18,136206,136207,136230,136234,136247],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136208,136209,136211,136213,136215,136218,136220,136222,136224,136227],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136210,125],{"class":124},[45,136212,109],{"class":59},[45,136214,64],{"class":63},[45,136216,136217],{"class":67},"HELLO",[45,136219,64],{"class":63},[45,136221,102],{"class":59},[45,136223,8624],{"class":105},[45,136225,136226],{"class":59},"())",[45,136228,136229],{"class":137},"  # hello\n",[45,136231,136232],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,136233,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,136235,136236,136238,136240,136242,136245],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136237,7862],{"class":51},[45,136239,56],{"class":55},[45,136241,76],{"class":63},[45,136243,136244],{"class":67},"PyThOn",[45,136246,1194],{"class":63},[45,136248,136249,136251,136253,136255,136257,136259,136261],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,136250,125],{"class":124},[45,136252,109],{"class":59},[45,136254,7656],{"class":105},[45,136256,102],{"class":59},[45,136258,8624],{"class":105},[45,136260,136226],{"class":59},[45,136262,136263],{"class":137},"  # python\n",[31,136265,11464],{"id":11463},[14,136267,136268],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[36,136270,136272],{"className":38,"code":136271,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,136273,136274,136286,136290,136305,136309,136320],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136275,136276,136278,136280,136282,136284],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136277,34669],{"class":51},[45,136279,56],{"class":55},[45,136281,76],{"class":63},[45,136283,136095],{"class":67},[45,136285,1194],{"class":63},[45,136287,136288],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,136289,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,136291,136292,136295,136297,136299,136301,136303],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136293,136294],{"class":51},"lower_text ",[45,136296,56],{"class":55},[45,136298,42823],{"class":51},[45,136300,102],{"class":59},[45,136302,8624],{"class":105},[45,136304,8627],{"class":59},[45,136306,136307],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,136308,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,136310,136311,136313,136315,136318],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,136312,125],{"class":124},[45,136314,109],{"class":59},[45,136316,136317],{"class":105},"lower_text",[45,136319,118],{"class":59},[45,136321,136322,136324,136326,136328],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,136323,125],{"class":124},[45,136325,109],{"class":59},[45,136327,34690],{"class":105},[45,136329,118],{"class":59},[14,136331,268],{},[36,136333,136335],{"className":38,"code":136334,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[18,136336,136337,136341],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136338,136339],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136340,134209],{"class":51},[45,136342,136343,136345],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,136344,131609],{"class":51},[45,136346,136347],{"class":34434},"WORLD\n",[14,136349,24590],{},[157,136351,136352,136357],{},[160,136353,136354,136356],{},[18,136355,123923],{}," returns the lowercase result",[160,136358,136359,136360,136362],{},"the original ",[18,136361,34690],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136364,136365],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[36,136367,136369],{"className":38,"code":136368,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[18,136370,136371,136383,136397,136401],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136372,136373,136375,136377,136379,136381],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136374,34669],{"class":51},[45,136376,56],{"class":55},[45,136378,76],{"class":63},[45,136380,136095],{"class":67},[45,136382,1194],{"class":63},[45,136384,136385,136387,136389,136391,136393,136395],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,136386,34669],{"class":51},[45,136388,56],{"class":55},[45,136390,42823],{"class":51},[45,136392,102],{"class":59},[45,136394,8624],{"class":105},[45,136396,8627],{"class":59},[45,136398,136399],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136400,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,136402,136403,136405,136407,136409,136411],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,136404,125],{"class":124},[45,136406,109],{"class":59},[45,136408,34690],{"class":105},[45,136410,3654],{"class":59},[45,136412,136124],{"class":137},[31,136414,17405],{"id":17404},[14,136416,136417,21959,136419,102],{},[18,136418,123923],{},[26,136420,61151],{},[14,136422,136423],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136425,136426],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[36,136428,136430],{"className":38,"code":136429,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[18,136431,136432,136446,136450,136473],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136433,136434,136437,136439,136441,136444],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136435,136436],{"class":51},"answer ",[45,136438,56],{"class":55},[45,136440,76],{"class":63},[45,136442,136443],{"class":67},"YES",[45,136445,1194],{"class":63},[45,136447,136448],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,136449,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,136451,136452,136454,136457,136459,136461,136463,136465,136467,136469,136471],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136453,982],{"class":969},[45,136455,136456],{"class":51}," answer",[45,136458,102],{"class":59},[45,136460,8624],{"class":105},[45,136462,7353],{"class":59},[45,136464,6395],{"class":55},[45,136466,76],{"class":63},[45,136468,8642],{"class":67},[45,136470,64],{"class":63},[45,136472,1213],{"class":59},[45,136474,136475,136477,136479,136481,136483,136485],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,136476,8055],{"class":124},[45,136478,109],{"class":59},[45,136480,64],{"class":63},[45,136482,96675],{"class":67},[45,136484,64],{"class":63},[45,136486,118],{"class":59},[14,136488,136489,136490,1111],{},"This is especially useful with ",[364,136491,136492,136493,2298],{"href":8205},"the ",[18,136494,2951],{},[36,136496,136498],{"className":38,"code":136497,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[18,136499,136500,136519,136523,136545,136560,136566],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136501,136502,136504,136506,136508,136510,136512,136515,136517],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136503,136436],{"class":51},[45,136505,56],{"class":55},[45,136507,8228],{"class":124},[45,136509,109],{"class":59},[45,136511,64],{"class":63},[45,136513,136514],{"class":67},"Type yes or no: ",[45,136516,64],{"class":63},[45,136518,118],{"class":59},[45,136520,136521],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,136522,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,136524,136525,136527,136529,136531,136533,136535,136537,136539,136541,136543],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136526,982],{"class":969},[45,136528,136456],{"class":51},[45,136530,102],{"class":59},[45,136532,8624],{"class":105},[45,136534,7353],{"class":59},[45,136536,6395],{"class":55},[45,136538,76],{"class":63},[45,136540,8642],{"class":67},[45,136542,64],{"class":63},[45,136544,1213],{"class":59},[45,136546,136547,136549,136551,136553,136556,136558],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,136548,8055],{"class":124},[45,136550,109],{"class":59},[45,136552,64],{"class":63},[45,136554,136555],{"class":67},"You typed yes",[45,136557,64],{"class":63},[45,136559,118],{"class":59},[45,136561,136562,136564],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,136563,27415],{"class":969},[45,136565,1213],{"class":59},[45,136567,136568,136570,136572,136574,136577,136579],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,136569,8055],{"class":124},[45,136571,109],{"class":59},[45,136573,64],{"class":63},[45,136575,136576],{"class":67},"You typed something else",[45,136578,64],{"class":63},[45,136580,118],{"class":59},[31,136582,136584],{"id":136583},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136586,136587,136589],{},[18,136588,123923],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136591,7330],{},[157,136593,136594,136597,136600,136603],{},[160,136595,136596],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[160,136598,136599],{},"Make text matching easier",[160,136601,136602],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[160,136604,136605],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136607,136608],{},"Example: checking user input",[36,136610,136612],{"className":38,"code":136611,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[18,136613,136614,136632,136636,136658,136673,136679],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136615,136616,136618,136620,136622,136624,136626,136628,136630],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136617,44940],{"class":51},[45,136619,56],{"class":55},[45,136621,8228],{"class":124},[45,136623,109],{"class":59},[45,136625,64],{"class":63},[45,136627,44951],{"class":67},[45,136629,64],{"class":63},[45,136631,118],{"class":59},[45,136633,136634],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,136635,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,136637,136638,136640,136642,136644,136646,136648,136650,136652,136654,136656],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136639,982],{"class":969},[45,136641,35832],{"class":51},[45,136643,102],{"class":59},[45,136645,8624],{"class":105},[45,136647,7353],{"class":59},[45,136649,6395],{"class":55},[45,136651,76],{"class":63},[45,136653,479],{"class":67},[45,136655,64],{"class":63},[45,136657,1213],{"class":59},[45,136659,136660,136662,136664,136666,136669,136671],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,136661,8055],{"class":124},[45,136663,109],{"class":59},[45,136665,64],{"class":63},[45,136667,136668],{"class":67},"Nice choice!",[45,136670,64],{"class":63},[45,136672,118],{"class":59},[45,136674,136675,136677],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,136676,27415],{"class":969},[45,136678,1213],{"class":59},[45,136680,136681,136683,136685,136687,136690,136692],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,136682,8055],{"class":124},[45,136684,109],{"class":59},[45,136686,64],{"class":63},[45,136688,136689],{"class":67},"Got it.",[45,136691,64],{"class":63},[45,136693,118],{"class":59},[14,136695,136696],{},"Example: simple search",[36,136698,136700],{"className":38,"code":136699,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[18,136701,136702,136715,136719,136740],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136703,136704,136706,136708,136710,136713],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136705,89845],{"class":51},[45,136707,56],{"class":55},[45,136709,76],{"class":63},[45,136711,136712],{"class":67},"Python Is Fun",[45,136714,1194],{"class":63},[45,136716,136717],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,136718,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,136720,136721,136723,136725,136727,136729,136731,136734,136736,136738],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136722,982],{"class":969},[45,136724,76],{"class":63},[45,136726,40],{"class":67},[45,136728,64],{"class":63},[45,136730,1134],{"class":55},[45,136732,136733],{"class":51}," message",[45,136735,102],{"class":59},[45,136737,8624],{"class":105},[45,136739,21579],{"class":59},[45,136741,136742,136744,136746,136748,136751,136753],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,136743,8055],{"class":124},[45,136745,109],{"class":59},[45,136747,64],{"class":63},[45,136749,136750],{"class":67},"Found it",[45,136752,64],{"class":63},[45,136754,118],{"class":59},[14,136756,136757,136758,136760,136761,1111],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[18,136759,123923],{}," is often used with ",[364,136762,136764],{"href":136763},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[18,136765,41634],{},[36,136767,136769],{"className":38,"code":136768,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[18,136770,136771,136784,136803,136807],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136772,136773,136775,136777,136779,136782],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136774,7862],{"class":51},[45,136776,56],{"class":55},[45,136778,76],{"class":63},[45,136780,136781],{"class":67},"  ALICE  ",[45,136783,1194],{"class":63},[45,136785,136786,136789,136791,136793,136795,136797,136799,136801],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,136787,136788],{"class":51},"clean_name ",[45,136790,56],{"class":55},[45,136792,35973],{"class":51},[45,136794,102],{"class":59},[45,136796,8618],{"class":105},[45,136798,8621],{"class":59},[45,136800,8624],{"class":105},[45,136802,8627],{"class":59},[45,136804,136805],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136806,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,136808,136809,136811,136813,136816,136818],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,136810,125],{"class":124},[45,136812,109],{"class":59},[45,136814,136815],{"class":105},"clean_name",[45,136817,3654],{"class":59},[45,136819,136820],{"class":137},"  # alice\n",[31,136822,15583],{"id":15582},[14,136824,136825,136826,136829],{},"Strings are ",[26,136827,136828],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,136831,136832,136833,136835],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[18,136834,123923],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,136837,136838,136839,136841],{},"So this does ",[26,136840,178],{}," update the original variable:",[36,136843,136845],{"className":38,"code":136844,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[18,136846,136847,136859,136869,136873],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136848,136849,136851,136853,136855,136857],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136850,34669],{"class":51},[45,136852,56],{"class":55},[45,136854,76],{"class":63},[45,136856,136217],{"class":67},[45,136858,1194],{"class":63},[45,136860,136861,136863,136865,136867],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,136862,34690],{"class":51},[45,136864,102],{"class":59},[45,136866,8624],{"class":105},[45,136868,8627],{"class":59},[45,136870,136871],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136872,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,136874,136875,136877,136879,136881,136883],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,136876,125],{"class":124},[45,136878,109],{"class":59},[45,136880,34690],{"class":105},[45,136882,3654],{"class":59},[45,136884,136885],{"class":137},"  # HELLO\n",[14,136887,136888],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[36,136890,136892],{"className":38,"code":136891,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,136893,136894,136906,136920,136924],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136895,136896,136898,136900,136902,136904],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136897,34669],{"class":51},[45,136899,56],{"class":55},[45,136901,76],{"class":63},[45,136903,136217],{"class":67},[45,136905,1194],{"class":63},[45,136907,136908,136910,136912,136914,136916,136918],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,136909,34669],{"class":51},[45,136911,56],{"class":55},[45,136913,42823],{"class":51},[45,136915,102],{"class":59},[45,136917,8624],{"class":105},[45,136919,8627],{"class":59},[45,136921,136922],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136923,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,136925,136926,136928,136930,136932,136934],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,136927,125],{"class":124},[45,136929,109],{"class":59},[45,136931,34690],{"class":105},[45,136933,3654],{"class":59},[45,136935,136229],{"class":137},[31,136937,1709],{"id":1708},[1864,136939,25670],{"id":25669},[14,136941,136942,136943,11080,136945,102],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[18,136944,8624],{},[18,136946,123923],{},[14,136948,16629],{},[36,136950,136952],{"className":38,"code":136951,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[18,136953,136954,136966],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136955,136956,136958,136960,136962,136964],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136957,34669],{"class":51},[45,136959,56],{"class":55},[45,136961,76],{"class":63},[45,136963,136217],{"class":67},[45,136965,1194],{"class":63},[45,136967,136968,136970,136972,136974,136976,136978],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,136969,125],{"class":124},[45,136971,109],{"class":59},[45,136973,34690],{"class":105},[45,136975,102],{"class":59},[45,136977,8624],{"class":1831},[45,136979,118],{"class":59},[14,136981,136982],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,136984,16641],{},[36,136986,136988],{"className":38,"code":136987,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,136989,136990,137002],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136991,136992,136994,136996,136998,137000],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136993,34669],{"class":51},[45,136995,56],{"class":55},[45,136997,76],{"class":63},[45,136999,136217],{"class":67},[45,137001,1194],{"class":63},[45,137003,137004,137006,137008,137010,137012,137014],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,137005,125],{"class":124},[45,137007,109],{"class":59},[45,137009,34690],{"class":105},[45,137011,102],{"class":59},[45,137013,8624],{"class":105},[45,137015,7181],{"class":59},[1864,137017,137019],{"id":137018},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,137021,137022],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,137024,16629],{},[36,137026,137028],{"className":38,"code":137027,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[18,137029,137030,137042,137052],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137031,137032,137034,137036,137038,137040],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137033,34669],{"class":51},[45,137035,56],{"class":55},[45,137037,76],{"class":63},[45,137039,136217],{"class":67},[45,137041,1194],{"class":63},[45,137043,137044,137046,137048,137050],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,137045,34690],{"class":51},[45,137047,102],{"class":59},[45,137049,8624],{"class":105},[45,137051,8627],{"class":59},[45,137053,137054,137056,137058,137060,137062],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137055,125],{"class":124},[45,137057,109],{"class":59},[45,137059,34690],{"class":105},[45,137061,3654],{"class":59},[45,137063,137064],{"class":137},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,137066,16641],{},[36,137068,137070],{"className":38,"code":137069,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,137071,137072,137084,137098],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137073,137074,137076,137078,137080,137082],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137075,34669],{"class":51},[45,137077,56],{"class":55},[45,137079,76],{"class":63},[45,137081,136217],{"class":67},[45,137083,1194],{"class":63},[45,137085,137086,137088,137090,137092,137094,137096],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,137087,34669],{"class":51},[45,137089,56],{"class":55},[45,137091,42823],{"class":51},[45,137093,102],{"class":59},[45,137095,8624],{"class":105},[45,137097,8627],{"class":59},[45,137099,137100,137102,137104,137106,137108],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137101,125],{"class":124},[45,137103,109],{"class":59},[45,137105,34690],{"class":105},[45,137107,3654],{"class":59},[45,137109,136229],{"class":137},[1864,137111,1736,137113,137115],{"id":137112},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[18,137114,123923],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137117,137118,137120],{},[18,137119,123923],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137122,16629],{},[36,137124,137126],{"className":38,"code":137125,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[18,137127,137128,137136],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137129,137130,137132,137134],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137131,2213],{"class":51},[45,137133,56],{"class":55},[45,137135,124875],{"class":202},[45,137137,137138,137140,137142,137144,137146,137148],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,137139,125],{"class":124},[45,137141,109],{"class":59},[45,137143,2235],{"class":105},[45,137145,102],{"class":59},[45,137147,8624],{"class":105},[45,137149,7181],{"class":59},[14,137151,137152,137153,33581],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[18,137154,123923],{},[14,137156,137157],{},"You can check the type first:",[36,137159,137161],{"className":38,"code":137160,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,137162,137163,137175,137179,137193],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137164,137165,137167,137169,137171,137173],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137166,34669],{"class":51},[45,137168,56],{"class":55},[45,137170,76],{"class":63},[45,137172,136217],{"class":67},[45,137174,1194],{"class":63},[45,137176,137177],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,137178,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,137180,137181,137183,137185,137187,137189,137191],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137182,125],{"class":124},[45,137184,109],{"class":59},[45,137186,1811],{"class":315},[45,137188,109],{"class":59},[45,137190,34690],{"class":105},[45,137192,1802],{"class":59},[45,137194,137195,137197,137199,137201,137203,137205],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,137196,125],{"class":124},[45,137198,109],{"class":59},[45,137200,34690],{"class":105},[45,137202,102],{"class":59},[45,137204,8624],{"class":105},[45,137206,7181],{"class":59},[1864,137208,137210],{"id":137209},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137212,137213],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[36,137215,137217],{"className":38,"code":137216,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[18,137218,137219,137232,137236,137253,137268,137274],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137220,137221,137223,137225,137227,137230],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137222,136436],{"class":51},[45,137224,56],{"class":55},[45,137226,76],{"class":63},[45,137228,137229],{"class":67},"Yes",[45,137231,1194],{"class":63},[45,137233,137234],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,137235,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,137237,137238,137240,137243,137245,137247,137249,137251],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137239,982],{"class":969},[45,137241,137242],{"class":51}," answer ",[45,137244,4679],{"class":55},[45,137246,76],{"class":63},[45,137248,8642],{"class":67},[45,137250,64],{"class":63},[45,137252,1213],{"class":59},[45,137254,137255,137257,137259,137261,137264,137266],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,137256,8055],{"class":124},[45,137258,109],{"class":59},[45,137260,64],{"class":63},[45,137262,137263],{"class":67},"Match",[45,137265,64],{"class":63},[45,137267,118],{"class":59},[45,137269,137270,137272],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,137271,27415],{"class":969},[45,137273,1213],{"class":59},[45,137275,137276,137278,137280,137282,137285,137287],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,137277,8055],{"class":124},[45,137279,109],{"class":59},[45,137281,64],{"class":63},[45,137283,137284],{"class":67},"No match",[45,137286,64],{"class":63},[45,137288,118],{"class":59},[14,137290,29042,137291,1301,137294,137297,137298,102],{},[18,137292,137293],{},"\"Yes\"",[18,137295,137296],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[18,137299,137284],{},[14,137301,137302],{},"Better:",[36,137304,137306],{"className":38,"code":137305,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[18,137307,137308,137320,137324,137346],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137309,137310,137312,137314,137316,137318],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137311,136436],{"class":51},[45,137313,56],{"class":55},[45,137315,76],{"class":63},[45,137317,137229],{"class":67},[45,137319,1194],{"class":63},[45,137321,137322],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,137323,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,137325,137326,137328,137330,137332,137334,137336,137338,137340,137342,137344],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137327,982],{"class":969},[45,137329,136456],{"class":51},[45,137331,102],{"class":59},[45,137333,8624],{"class":105},[45,137335,7353],{"class":59},[45,137337,6395],{"class":55},[45,137339,76],{"class":63},[45,137341,8642],{"class":67},[45,137343,64],{"class":63},[45,137345,1213],{"class":59},[45,137347,137348,137350,137352,137354,137356,137358],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,137349,8055],{"class":124},[45,137351,109],{"class":59},[45,137353,64],{"class":63},[45,137355,137263],{"class":67},[45,137357,64],{"class":63},[45,137359,118],{"class":59},[1864,137361,44195,137363,137366],{"id":137362},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[18,137364,137365],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137368,137369,137370,137372],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[18,137371,123923],{}," is enough.",[14,137374,137375,137376,137378,137379,102],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[18,137377,137365],{}," can be stronger than ",[18,137380,123923],{},[14,137382,137383,137384,122435],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[18,137385,123923],{},[31,137387,137389,10572,137391],{"id":137388},"lower-vs-upper",[18,137390,123923],{},[18,137392,128071],{},[14,137394,137395,1301,137397,137399],{},[18,137396,123923],{},[18,137398,128071],{}," are very similar.",[157,137401,137402,137407,137412,137415],{},[160,137403,137404,137406],{},[18,137405,123923],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[160,137408,137409,137411],{},[18,137410,128071],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[160,137413,137414],{},"Both return new strings",[160,137416,137417],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137419,345],{},[36,137421,137423],{"className":38,"code":137422,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[18,137424,137425,137437,137441,137457],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137426,137427,137429,137431,137433,137435],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137428,34669],{"class":51},[45,137430,56],{"class":55},[45,137432,76],{"class":63},[45,137434,128912],{"class":67},[45,137436,1194],{"class":63},[45,137438,137439],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,137440,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,137442,137443,137445,137447,137449,137451,137453,137455],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137444,125],{"class":124},[45,137446,109],{"class":59},[45,137448,34690],{"class":105},[45,137450,102],{"class":59},[45,137452,8624],{"class":105},[45,137454,136226],{"class":59},[45,137456,136124],{"class":137},[45,137458,137459,137461,137463,137465,137467,137469,137471],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,137460,125],{"class":124},[45,137462,109],{"class":59},[45,137464,34690],{"class":105},[45,137466,102],{"class":59},[45,137468,34459],{"class":105},[45,137470,136226],{"class":59},[45,137472,137473],{"class":137},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137475,137476,137477,102],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[364,137478,126193,137480,10728],{"href":137479},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[18,137481,128071],{},[31,137483,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,137485,175,137487,124520],{"id":137486},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[18,137488,123923],{},[14,137490,137491],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1864,137493,175,137495,137497],{"id":137494},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[18,137496,123923],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137499,137500,137501,102],{},"No. The method is called as ",[18,137502,137503],{},"string.lower()",[1864,137505,5133,137507,12703],{"id":137506},"what-does-lower-return",[18,137508,123923],{},[14,137510,137511],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1864,137513,28310,137515,137517],{"id":137514},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[18,137516,123923],{}," on user input?",[14,137519,137520,137521,137523],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[18,137522,2951],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1864,137525,5170,137527,1301,137529,2485],{"id":137526},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[18,137528,123923],{},[18,137530,137365],{},[14,137532,137533,137535,137536,137538],{},[18,137534,123923],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[18,137537,137365],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[31,137540,1909],{"id":1908},[157,137542,137543,137547,137553,137559,137565,137569,137573,137579],{},[160,137544,137545],{},[364,137546,50958],{"href":50957},[160,137548,137549],{},[364,137550,126193,137551,10728],{"href":137479},[18,137552,128071],{},[160,137554,137555],{},[364,137556,126193,137557,10728],{"href":136763},[18,137558,41634],{},[160,137560,137561],{},[364,137562,126193,137563,10728],{"href":129774},[18,137564,124364],{},[160,137566,137567],{},[364,137568,124592],{"href":123448},[160,137570,137571],{},[364,137572,90521],{"href":89530},[160,137574,137575],{},[364,137576,3569,137577,3502],{"href":8205},[18,137578,2951],{},[160,137580,137581],{},[364,137582,137583],{"href":136164},"What is a string in Python?",[1936,137585,137586],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":137588},[137589,137591,137592,137593,137594,137595,137596,137605,137607,137619],{"id":136134,"depth":96,"text":137590},"What lower() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405},{"id":136583,"depth":96,"text":136584},{"id":15582,"depth":96,"text":15583},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":137597},[137598,137599,137600,137602,137603],{"id":25669,"depth":121,"text":25670},{"id":137018,"depth":121,"text":137019},{"id":137112,"depth":121,"text":137601},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137209,"depth":121,"text":137210},{"id":137362,"depth":121,"text":137604},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137388,"depth":96,"text":137606},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":137608},[137609,137611,137613,137615,137617],{"id":137486,"depth":121,"text":137610},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137494,"depth":121,"text":137612},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137506,"depth":121,"text":137614},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137514,"depth":121,"text":137616},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137526,"depth":121,"text":137618},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136051,"description":137620},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137627,"title":137628,"body":137629,"description":139179,"extension":1958,"meta":139180,"navigation":241,"path":139181,"seo":139182,"stem":139183,"__hash__":139184},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137630,"toc":139140},[137631,137636,137641,137647,137662,137664,137724,137726,137735,137741,137746,137751,137753,137767,137771,137773,137820,137822,137840,137842,137845,137916,137918,137932,137935,137947,137956,137960,137965,137970,137974,138040,138042,138051,138055,138120,138122,138131,138134,138139,138143,138148,138152,138213,138215,138224,138228,138231,138287,138289,138298,138301,138314,138316,138320,138327,138389,138391,138404,138410,138413,138420,138425,138430,138433,138441,138443,138504,138506,138515,138518,138565,138568,138615,138617,138622,138639,138646,138651,138704,138706,138714,138716,138773,138775,138783,138787,138834,138836,138844,138852,138856,138904,138906,138915,138920,138971,138973,138982,138989,138992,139013,139015,139020,139023,139027,139030,139034,139037,139064,139070,139073,139100,139105,139107,139109,139137],[10,137632,123193,137634,11311],{"id":137633},"python-string-replace-method",[18,137635,124364],{},[14,137637,123198,137638,137640],{},[18,137639,124364],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137642,137643,137644,137646],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[18,137645,124364],{},". You will learn:",[157,137648,137649,137653,137656,137659],{},[160,137650,26002,137651,3674],{},[18,137652,124364],{},[160,137654,137655],{},"how its syntax works",[160,137657,137658],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[160,137660,137661],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[31,137663,34],{"id":33},[36,137665,137667],{"className":38,"code":137666,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137668,137669,137682,137714],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137670,137671,137673,137675,137677,137680],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137672,34669],{"class":51},[45,137674,56],{"class":55},[45,137676,76],{"class":63},[45,137678,137679],{"class":67},"I like cats",[45,137681,1194],{"class":63},[45,137683,137684,137686,137688,137690,137692,137694,137696,137698,137701,137703,137705,137707,137710,137712],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,137685,130032],{"class":51},[45,137687,56],{"class":55},[45,137689,42823],{"class":51},[45,137691,102],{"class":59},[45,137693,34980],{"class":105},[45,137695,109],{"class":59},[45,137697,64],{"class":63},[45,137699,137700],{"class":67},"cats",[45,137702,64],{"class":63},[45,137704,73],{"class":59},[45,137706,76],{"class":63},[45,137708,137709],{"class":67},"dogs",[45,137711,64],{"class":63},[45,137713,118],{"class":59},[45,137715,137716,137718,137720,137722],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137717,125],{"class":124},[45,137719,109],{"class":59},[45,137721,130063],{"class":105},[45,137723,118],{"class":59},[14,137725,268],{},[36,137727,137729],{"className":38,"code":137728,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"I like dogs\n",[18,137730,137731],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137732,137733],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137734,137728],{"class":51},[14,137736,141,137737,137740],{},[18,137738,137739],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[31,137742,3671,137744,3674],{"id":137743},"what-replace-does",[18,137745,124364],{},[14,137747,137748,137750],{},[18,137749,124364],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137752,13039],{},[157,137754,137755,137757,137759,137762],{},[160,137756,133441],{},[160,137758,136159],{},[160,137760,137761],{},"It works on exact matches",[160,137763,137764,137765],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[18,137766,1795],{},[14,137768,124945,137769,102],{},[364,137770,124948],{"href":50957},[31,137772,305],{"id":304},[36,137774,137776],{"className":38,"code":137775,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[18,137777,137778,137798],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137779,137780,137782,137784,137786,137788,137791,137793,137796],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137781,61151],{"class":51},[45,137783,102],{"class":59},[45,137785,34980],{"class":105},[45,137787,109],{"class":59},[45,137789,137790],{"class":105},"old",[45,137792,73],{"class":59},[45,137794,137795],{"class":105}," new",[45,137797,118],{"class":59},[45,137799,137800,137802,137804,137806,137808,137810,137812,137814,137816,137818],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,137801,61151],{"class":51},[45,137803,102],{"class":59},[45,137805,34980],{"class":105},[45,137807,109],{"class":59},[45,137809,137790],{"class":105},[45,137811,73],{"class":59},[45,137813,137795],{"class":105},[45,137815,73],{"class":59},[45,137817,49584],{"class":105},[45,137819,118],{"class":59},[1864,137821,17381],{"id":17380},[157,137823,137824,137829,137835],{},[160,137825,137826,137828],{},[18,137827,137790],{}," = the text to find",[160,137830,137831,137834],{},[18,137832,137833],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[160,137836,137837,137839],{},[18,137838,1795],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[31,137841,448],{"id":447},[14,137843,137844],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[36,137846,137848],{"className":38,"code":137847,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137849,137850,137862,137892,137896,137906],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137851,137852,137854,137856,137858,137860],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137853,34669],{"class":51},[45,137855,56],{"class":55},[45,137857,76],{"class":63},[45,137859,137679],{"class":67},[45,137861,1194],{"class":63},[45,137863,137864,137866,137868,137870,137872,137874,137876,137878,137880,137882,137884,137886,137888,137890],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,137865,130032],{"class":51},[45,137867,56],{"class":55},[45,137869,42823],{"class":51},[45,137871,102],{"class":59},[45,137873,34980],{"class":105},[45,137875,109],{"class":59},[45,137877,64],{"class":63},[45,137879,137700],{"class":67},[45,137881,64],{"class":63},[45,137883,73],{"class":59},[45,137885,76],{"class":63},[45,137887,137709],{"class":67},[45,137889,64],{"class":63},[45,137891,118],{"class":59},[45,137893,137894],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137895,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,137897,137898,137900,137902,137904],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,137899,125],{"class":124},[45,137901,109],{"class":59},[45,137903,34690],{"class":105},[45,137905,118],{"class":59},[45,137907,137908,137910,137912,137914],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,137909,125],{"class":124},[45,137911,109],{"class":59},[45,137913,130063],{"class":105},[45,137915,118],{"class":59},[14,137917,268],{},[36,137919,137921],{"className":38,"code":137920,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[18,137922,137923,137928],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137924,137925],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137926,137927],{"class":51},"I like cats\n",[45,137929,137930],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,137931,137728],{"class":51},[14,137933,137934],{},"Notice what happened:",[157,137936,137937,137942],{},[160,137938,137939,137941],{},[18,137940,34690],{}," did not change",[160,137943,137944,137946],{},[18,137945,130063],{}," contains the updated value",[14,137948,137949,137950,137952,137953,137955],{},"This happens because strings are ",[26,137951,136828],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[18,137954,124364],{}," return a new string instead.",[31,137957,137959],{"id":137958},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,137961,89539,137962,137964],{},[18,137963,124364],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,137966,137967,137968,36602],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[18,137969,1795],{},[1864,137971,137973],{"id":137972},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[36,137975,137977],{"className":38,"code":137976,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,137978,137979,137992,138026,138030],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137980,137981,137983,137985,137987,137990],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137982,34669],{"class":51},[45,137984,56],{"class":55},[45,137986,76],{"class":63},[45,137988,137989],{"class":67},"cat cat cat",[45,137991,1194],{"class":63},[45,137993,137994,137996,137998,138000,138002,138004,138006,138008,138010,138012,138014,138016,138018,138020,138022,138024],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,137995,220],{"class":51},[45,137997,56],{"class":55},[45,137999,42823],{"class":51},[45,138001,102],{"class":59},[45,138003,34980],{"class":105},[45,138005,109],{"class":59},[45,138007,64],{"class":63},[45,138009,37027],{"class":67},[45,138011,64],{"class":63},[45,138013,73],{"class":59},[45,138015,76],{"class":63},[45,138017,58104],{"class":67},[45,138019,64],{"class":63},[45,138021,73],{"class":59},[45,138023,5488],{"class":202},[45,138025,118],{"class":59},[45,138027,138028],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138029,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,138031,138032,138034,138036,138038],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,138033,125],{"class":124},[45,138035,109],{"class":59},[45,138037,263],{"class":105},[45,138039,118],{"class":59},[14,138041,268],{},[36,138043,138045],{"className":38,"code":138044,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dog cat cat\n",[18,138046,138047],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138048,138049],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138050,138044],{"class":51},[1864,138052,138054],{"id":138053},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[36,138056,138058],{"className":38,"code":138057,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138059,138060,138072,138106,138110],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138061,138062,138064,138066,138068,138070],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138063,34669],{"class":51},[45,138065,56],{"class":55},[45,138067,76],{"class":63},[45,138069,137989],{"class":67},[45,138071,1194],{"class":63},[45,138073,138074,138076,138078,138080,138082,138084,138086,138088,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098,138100,138102,138104],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,138075,220],{"class":51},[45,138077,56],{"class":55},[45,138079,42823],{"class":51},[45,138081,102],{"class":59},[45,138083,34980],{"class":105},[45,138085,109],{"class":59},[45,138087,64],{"class":63},[45,138089,37027],{"class":67},[45,138091,64],{"class":63},[45,138093,73],{"class":59},[45,138095,76],{"class":63},[45,138097,58104],{"class":67},[45,138099,64],{"class":63},[45,138101,73],{"class":59},[45,138103,208],{"class":202},[45,138105,118],{"class":59},[45,138107,138108],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138109,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,138111,138112,138114,138116,138118],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,138113,125],{"class":124},[45,138115,109],{"class":59},[45,138117,263],{"class":105},[45,138119,118],{"class":59},[14,138121,268],{},[36,138123,138125],{"className":38,"code":138124,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dog dog cat\n",[18,138126,138127],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138128,138129],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138130,138124],{"class":51},[14,138132,138133],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138135,138136,138137,102],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[364,138138,127917],{"href":124361},[31,138140,138142],{"id":138141},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138144,138145,138147],{},[18,138146,124364],{}," can also change single characters.",[1864,138149,138151],{"id":138150},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[36,138153,138155],{"className":38,"code":138154,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138156,138157,138169,138199,138203],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138158,138159,138161,138163,138165,138167],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138160,34669],{"class":51},[45,138162,56],{"class":55},[45,138164,76],{"class":63},[45,138166,79],{"class":67},[45,138168,1194],{"class":63},[45,138170,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179,138181,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193,138195,138197],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,138172,220],{"class":51},[45,138174,56],{"class":55},[45,138176,42823],{"class":51},[45,138178,102],{"class":59},[45,138180,34980],{"class":105},[45,138182,109],{"class":59},[45,138184,64],{"class":63},[45,138186,364],{"class":67},[45,138188,64],{"class":63},[45,138190,73],{"class":59},[45,138192,76],{"class":63},[45,138194,60450],{"class":67},[45,138196,64],{"class":63},[45,138198,118],{"class":59},[45,138200,138201],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138202,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,138204,138205,138207,138209,138211],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,138206,125],{"class":124},[45,138208,109],{"class":59},[45,138210,263],{"class":105},[45,138212,118],{"class":59},[14,138214,268],{},[36,138216,138218],{"className":38,"code":138217,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"bonono\n",[18,138219,138220],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138221,138222],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138223,138217],{"class":51},[1864,138225,138227],{"id":138226},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138229,138230],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[36,138232,138234],{"className":38,"code":138233,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138235,138236,138249,138273,138277],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138237,138238,138240,138242,138244,138247],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138239,34669],{"class":51},[45,138241,56],{"class":55},[45,138243,76],{"class":63},[45,138245,138246],{"class":67},"a b c",[45,138248,1194],{"class":63},[45,138250,138251,138253,138255,138257,138259,138261,138263,138265,138267,138269,138271],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,138252,220],{"class":51},[45,138254,56],{"class":55},[45,138256,42823],{"class":51},[45,138258,102],{"class":59},[45,138260,34980],{"class":105},[45,138262,109],{"class":59},[45,138264,64],{"class":63},[45,138266,76],{"class":63},[45,138268,73],{"class":59},[45,138270,6113],{"class":63},[45,138272,118],{"class":59},[45,138274,138275],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138276,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,138278,138279,138281,138283,138285],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,138280,125],{"class":124},[45,138282,109],{"class":59},[45,138284,263],{"class":105},[45,138286,118],{"class":59},[14,138288,268],{},[36,138290,138292],{"className":38,"code":138291,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"abc\n",[18,138293,138294],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138295,138296],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138297,138291],{"class":51},[14,138299,138300],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138302,138303,138304,138308,138309,138313],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[364,138305,126193,138306,10728],{"href":128880},[18,138307,60508],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[364,138310,126193,138311,10728],{"href":136763},[18,138312,41634],{}," is often a better choice.",[31,138315,123840],{"id":123839},[14,138317,138318,123651],{},[18,138319,124364],{},[14,138321,127238,138322,1301,138324,127245],{},[18,138323,112877],{},[18,138325,138326],{},"\"Cat\"",[36,138328,138330],{"className":38,"code":138329,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138331,138332,138345,138375,138379],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138333,138334,138336,138338,138340,138343],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138335,34669],{"class":51},[45,138337,56],{"class":55},[45,138339,76],{"class":63},[45,138341,138342],{"class":67},"Cat cat CAT",[45,138344,1194],{"class":63},[45,138346,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367,138369,138371,138373],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,138348,220],{"class":51},[45,138350,56],{"class":55},[45,138352,42823],{"class":51},[45,138354,102],{"class":59},[45,138356,34980],{"class":105},[45,138358,109],{"class":59},[45,138360,64],{"class":63},[45,138362,37027],{"class":67},[45,138364,64],{"class":63},[45,138366,73],{"class":59},[45,138368,76],{"class":63},[45,138370,58104],{"class":67},[45,138372,64],{"class":63},[45,138374,118],{"class":59},[45,138376,138377],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138378,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,138380,138381,138383,138385,138387],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,138382,125],{"class":124},[45,138384,109],{"class":59},[45,138386,263],{"class":105},[45,138388,118],{"class":59},[14,138390,268],{},[36,138392,138394],{"className":38,"code":138393,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Cat dog CAT\n",[18,138395,138396],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138397,138398,138401],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138399,138400],{"class":51},"Cat dog ",[45,138402,138403],{"class":34434},"CAT\n",[14,138405,138406,138407,138409],{},"Only the lowercase ",[18,138408,112877],{}," was replaced.",[14,138411,138412],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138414,138415,138416,102],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[364,138417,126193,138418,10728],{"href":123920},[18,138419,123923],{},[31,138421,3671,138423,11694],{"id":138422},"what-replace-returns",[18,138424,124364],{},[14,138426,138427,138429],{},[18,138428,124364],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138431,138432],{},"If no match is found:",[157,138434,138435,138438],{},[160,138436,138437],{},"no error happens",[160,138439,138440],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138442,345],{},[36,138444,138446],{"className":38,"code":138445,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138447,138448,138460,138490,138494],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138449,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138451,34669],{"class":51},[45,138453,56],{"class":55},[45,138455,76],{"class":63},[45,138457,3839],{"class":67},[45,138459,1194],{"class":63},[45,138461,138462,138464,138466,138468,138470,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,138463,220],{"class":51},[45,138465,56],{"class":55},[45,138467,42823],{"class":51},[45,138469,102],{"class":59},[45,138471,34980],{"class":105},[45,138473,109],{"class":59},[45,138475,64],{"class":63},[45,138477,1123],{"class":67},[45,138479,64],{"class":63},[45,138481,73],{"class":59},[45,138483,76],{"class":63},[45,138485,11734],{"class":67},[45,138487,64],{"class":63},[45,138489,118],{"class":59},[45,138491,138492],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138493,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,138495,138496,138498,138500,138502],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,138497,125],{"class":124},[45,138499,109],{"class":59},[45,138501,263],{"class":105},[45,138503,118],{"class":59},[14,138505,268],{},[36,138507,138509],{"className":38,"code":138508,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"hello\n",[18,138510,138511],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138512,138513],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138514,138508],{"class":51},[14,138516,138517],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[36,138519,138521],{"className":38,"code":138520,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138522,138523,138535],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138524,138525,138527,138529,138531,138533],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138526,34669],{"class":51},[45,138528,56],{"class":55},[45,138530,76],{"class":63},[45,138532,60383],{"class":67},[45,138534,1194],{"class":63},[45,138536,138537,138539,138541,138543,138545,138547,138549,138551,138553,138555,138557,138559,138561,138563],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,138538,130032],{"class":51},[45,138540,56],{"class":55},[45,138542,42823],{"class":51},[45,138544,102],{"class":59},[45,138546,34980],{"class":105},[45,138548,109],{"class":59},[45,138550,64],{"class":63},[45,138552,60568],{"class":67},[45,138554,64],{"class":63},[45,138556,73],{"class":59},[45,138558,76],{"class":63},[45,138560,7284],{"class":67},[45,138562,64],{"class":63},[45,138564,118],{"class":59},[14,138566,138567],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[36,138569,138571],{"className":38,"code":138570,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138572,138573,138585],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138574,138575,138577,138579,138581,138583],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138576,34669],{"class":51},[45,138578,56],{"class":55},[45,138580,76],{"class":63},[45,138582,60383],{"class":67},[45,138584,1194],{"class":63},[45,138586,138587,138589,138591,138593,138595,138597,138599,138601,138603,138605,138607,138609,138611,138613],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,138588,34669],{"class":51},[45,138590,56],{"class":55},[45,138592,42823],{"class":51},[45,138594,102],{"class":59},[45,138596,34980],{"class":105},[45,138598,109],{"class":59},[45,138600,64],{"class":63},[45,138602,60568],{"class":67},[45,138604,64],{"class":63},[45,138606,73],{"class":59},[45,138608,76],{"class":63},[45,138610,7284],{"class":67},[45,138612,64],{"class":63},[45,138614,118],{"class":59},[31,138616,4509],{"id":4508},[14,138618,138619,138620,1111],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[18,138621,124364],{},[157,138623,138624,138627,138631,138634],{},[160,138625,138626],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[160,138628,1722,138629,131413],{},[18,138630,124364],{},[160,138632,138633],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[160,138635,37184,138636,138638],{},[18,138637,124364],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1864,138640,138642,138643,138645],{"id":138641},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[18,138644,124364],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138647,138648,138649,1111],{},"This does not update ",[18,138650,34690],{},[36,138652,138654],{"className":38,"code":138653,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138655,138656,138668,138694],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138657,138658,138660,138662,138664,138666],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138659,34669],{"class":51},[45,138661,56],{"class":55},[45,138663,76],{"class":63},[45,138665,137679],{"class":67},[45,138667,1194],{"class":63},[45,138669,138670,138672,138674,138676,138678,138680,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,138671,34690],{"class":51},[45,138673,102],{"class":59},[45,138675,34980],{"class":105},[45,138677,109],{"class":59},[45,138679,64],{"class":63},[45,138681,137700],{"class":67},[45,138683,64],{"class":63},[45,138685,73],{"class":59},[45,138687,76],{"class":63},[45,138689,137709],{"class":67},[45,138691,64],{"class":63},[45,138693,118],{"class":59},[45,138695,138696,138698,138700,138702],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138697,125],{"class":124},[45,138699,109],{"class":59},[45,138701,34690],{"class":105},[45,138703,118],{"class":59},[14,138705,268],{},[36,138707,138708],{"className":38,"code":137927,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,138709,138710],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138711,138712],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138713,137927],{"class":51},[14,138715,10795],{},[36,138717,138719],{"className":38,"code":138718,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138720,138721,138733,138763],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138722,138723,138725,138727,138729,138731],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138724,34669],{"class":51},[45,138726,56],{"class":55},[45,138728,76],{"class":63},[45,138730,137679],{"class":67},[45,138732,1194],{"class":63},[45,138734,138735,138737,138739,138741,138743,138745,138747,138749,138751,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,138736,34669],{"class":51},[45,138738,56],{"class":55},[45,138740,42823],{"class":51},[45,138742,102],{"class":59},[45,138744,34980],{"class":105},[45,138746,109],{"class":59},[45,138748,64],{"class":63},[45,138750,137700],{"class":67},[45,138752,64],{"class":63},[45,138754,73],{"class":59},[45,138756,76],{"class":63},[45,138758,137709],{"class":67},[45,138760,64],{"class":63},[45,138762,118],{"class":59},[45,138764,138765,138767,138769,138771],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138766,125],{"class":124},[45,138768,109],{"class":59},[45,138770,34690],{"class":105},[45,138772,118],{"class":59},[14,138774,268],{},[36,138776,138777],{"className":38,"code":137728,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,138778,138779],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138780,138781],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138782,137728],{"class":51},[1864,138784,138786],{"id":138785},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[36,138788,138790],{"className":38,"code":138789,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[18,138791,138792,138804],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138793,138794,138796,138798,138800,138802],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138795,34669],{"class":51},[45,138797,56],{"class":55},[45,138799,76],{"class":63},[45,138801,34848],{"class":67},[45,138803,1194],{"class":63},[45,138805,138806,138808,138810,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820,138822,138824,138826,138828,138830,138832],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,138807,125],{"class":124},[45,138809,109],{"class":59},[45,138811,34690],{"class":105},[45,138813,102],{"class":59},[45,138815,34980],{"class":105},[45,138817,109],{"class":59},[45,138819,64],{"class":63},[45,138821,3839],{"class":67},[45,138823,64],{"class":63},[45,138825,73],{"class":59},[45,138827,76],{"class":63},[45,138829,89774],{"class":67},[45,138831,64],{"class":63},[45,138833,1802],{"class":59},[14,138835,268],{},[36,138837,138838],{"className":38,"code":88787,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,138839,138840],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138841,138842],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138843,88787],{"class":51},[14,138845,138846,138847,1301,138849,138851],{},"Nothing changed because ",[18,138848,64512],{},[18,138850,90256],{}," are not the same.",[1864,138853,138855],{"id":138854},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[36,138857,138859],{"className":38,"code":138858,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[18,138860,138861,138874],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138862,138863,138865,138867,138869,138872],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138864,34669],{"class":51},[45,138866,56],{"class":55},[45,138868,76],{"class":63},[45,138870,138871],{"class":67},"red red red",[45,138873,1194],{"class":63},[45,138875,138876,138878,138880,138882,138884,138886,138888,138890,138892,138894,138896,138898,138900,138902],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,138877,125],{"class":124},[45,138879,109],{"class":59},[45,138881,34690],{"class":105},[45,138883,102],{"class":59},[45,138885,34980],{"class":105},[45,138887,109],{"class":59},[45,138889,64],{"class":63},[45,138891,470],{"class":67},[45,138893,64],{"class":63},[45,138895,73],{"class":59},[45,138897,76],{"class":63},[45,138899,479],{"class":67},[45,138901,64],{"class":63},[45,138903,1802],{"class":59},[14,138905,268],{},[36,138907,138909],{"className":38,"code":138908,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"blue blue blue\n",[18,138910,138911],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138912,138913],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138914,138908],{"class":51},[14,138916,138917,138918,1111],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[18,138919,1795],{},[36,138921,138923],{"className":38,"code":138922,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[18,138924,138925,138937],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138926,138927,138929,138931,138933,138935],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138928,34669],{"class":51},[45,138930,56],{"class":55},[45,138932,76],{"class":63},[45,138934,138871],{"class":67},[45,138936,1194],{"class":63},[45,138938,138939,138941,138943,138945,138947,138949,138951,138953,138955,138957,138959,138961,138963,138965,138967,138969],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,138940,125],{"class":124},[45,138942,109],{"class":59},[45,138944,34690],{"class":105},[45,138946,102],{"class":59},[45,138948,34980],{"class":105},[45,138950,109],{"class":59},[45,138952,64],{"class":63},[45,138954,470],{"class":67},[45,138956,64],{"class":63},[45,138958,73],{"class":59},[45,138960,76],{"class":63},[45,138962,479],{"class":67},[45,138964,64],{"class":63},[45,138966,73],{"class":59},[45,138968,5488],{"class":202},[45,138970,1802],{"class":59},[14,138972,268],{},[36,138974,138976],{"className":38,"code":138975,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"blue red red\n",[18,138977,138978],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138979,138980],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138981,138975],{"class":51},[1864,138983,138985,138986,138988],{"id":138984},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[18,138987,124364],{}," for the wrong task",[14,138990,138991],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[157,138993,138994,139001,139008],{},[160,138995,141,138996,139000],{},[364,138997,138998],{"href":128880},[18,138999,60508],{}," to break a string into a list",[160,139002,141,139003,139007],{},[364,139004,139005],{"href":136763},[18,139006,41634],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[160,139009,141,139010,139012],{},[18,139011,124364],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[31,139014,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,139016,175,139018,124520],{"id":139017},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[18,139019,124364],{},[14,139021,139022],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1864,139024,139026],{"id":139025},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,139028,139029],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1864,139031,139033],{"id":139032},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,139035,139036],{},"Use the third argument:",[36,139038,139040],{"className":38,"code":139039,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[18,139041,139042],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139043,139044,139046,139048,139050,139052,139054,139056,139058,139060,139062],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139045,34690],{"class":51},[45,139047,102],{"class":59},[45,139049,34980],{"class":105},[45,139051,109],{"class":59},[45,139053,137790],{"class":105},[45,139055,73],{"class":59},[45,139057,137795],{"class":105},[45,139059,73],{"class":59},[45,139061,5488],{"class":202},[45,139063,118],{"class":59},[1864,139065,5160,139067,139069],{"id":139066},"can-replace-remove-text",[18,139068,124364],{}," remove text?",[14,139071,139072],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[36,139074,139076],{"className":38,"code":139075,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[18,139077,139078],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139079,139080,139082,139084,139086,139088,139090,139092,139094,139096,139098],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139081,34690],{"class":51},[45,139083,102],{"class":59},[45,139085,34980],{"class":105},[45,139087,109],{"class":59},[45,139089,64],{"class":63},[45,139091,1123],{"class":67},[45,139093,64],{"class":63},[45,139095,73],{"class":59},[45,139097,6113],{"class":63},[45,139099,118],{"class":59},[1864,139101,14889,139103,124529],{"id":139102},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[18,139104,124364],{},[14,139106,129722],{},[31,139108,1909],{"id":1908},[157,139110,139111,139115,139121,139127,139133],{},[160,139112,139113],{},[364,139114,124599],{"href":124361},[160,139116,139117],{},[364,139118,126193,139119,10728],{"href":128880},[18,139120,60508],{},[160,139122,139123],{},[364,139124,126193,139125,10728],{"href":136763},[18,139126,41634],{},[160,139128,139129],{},[364,139130,126193,139131,10728],{"href":123920},[18,139132,123923],{},[160,139134,139135],{},[364,139136,124948],{"href":50957},[1936,139138,139139],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":139141},[139142,139143,139145,139148,139149,139153,139157,139158,139160,139168,139178],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":137743,"depth":96,"text":139144},"What replace() does",{"id":304,"depth":96,"text":305,"children":139146},[139147],{"id":17380,"depth":121,"text":17381},{"id":447,"depth":96,"text":448},{"id":137958,"depth":96,"text":137959,"children":139150},[139151,139152],{"id":137972,"depth":121,"text":137973},{"id":138053,"depth":121,"text":138054},{"id":138141,"depth":96,"text":138142,"children":139154},[139155,139156],{"id":138150,"depth":121,"text":138151},{"id":138226,"depth":121,"text":138227},{"id":123839,"depth":96,"text":123840},{"id":138422,"depth":96,"text":139159},"What replace() returns",{"id":4508,"depth":96,"text":4509,"children":139161},[139162,139164,139165,139166],{"id":138641,"depth":121,"text":139163},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138785,"depth":121,"text":138786},{"id":138854,"depth":121,"text":138855},{"id":138984,"depth":121,"text":139167},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":139169},[139170,139172,139173,139174,139176],{"id":139017,"depth":121,"text":139171},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139025,"depth":121,"text":139026},{"id":139032,"depth":121,"text":139033},{"id":139066,"depth":121,"text":139175},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139102,"depth":121,"text":139177},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137628,"description":139179},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139186,"title":139187,"body":139188,"description":141207,"extension":1958,"meta":141208,"navigation":241,"path":141209,"seo":141210,"stem":141211,"__hash__":141212},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139189,"toc":141171},[139190,139195,139200,139203,139214,139216,139271,139276,139281,139288,139290,139305,139307,139363,139365,139403,139408,139410,139434,139437,139450,139455,139457,139489,139491,139524,139530,139535,139538,139548,139551,139553,139609,139611,139661,139664,139672,139675,139731,139733,139806,139819,139827,139831,139842,139845,139848,139901,139903,139935,139938,139992,139994,140029,140032,140037,140042,140047,140050,140052,140110,140112,140146,140148,140163,140166,140168,140210,140212,140238,140243,140251,140254,140256,140338,140340,140391,140394,140405,140413,140415,140488,140490,140508,140512,140515,140519,140546,140548,140556,140560,140595,140597,140610,140614,140617,140656,140658,140675,140680,140685,140696,140699,140710,140712,140714,140740,140743,140792,140794,140811,140814,140816,140868,140870,140902,140905,140963,140968,140970,140975,141078,141080,141094,141096,141103,141108,141113,141118,141123,141128,141131,141135,141140,141142,141168],[10,139191,123193,139193,11311],{"id":139192},"python-string-split-method",[18,139194,60508],{},[14,139196,123198,139197,139199],{},[18,139198,60508],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139201,139202],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[157,139204,139205,139208,139211],{},[160,139206,139207],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[160,139209,139210],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[160,139212,139213],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[31,139215,34],{"id":33},[36,139217,139219],{"className":38,"code":139218,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,139220,139221,139234,139256,139266],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139222,139223,139225,139227,139229,139232],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139224,34669],{"class":51},[45,139226,56],{"class":55},[45,139228,76],{"class":63},[45,139230,139231],{"class":67},"apple,banana,cherry",[45,139233,1194],{"class":63},[45,139235,139236,139238,139240,139242,139244,139246,139248,139250,139252,139254],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,139237,42818],{"class":51},[45,139239,56],{"class":55},[45,139241,42823],{"class":51},[45,139243,102],{"class":59},[45,139245,34450],{"class":105},[45,139247,109],{"class":59},[45,139249,64],{"class":63},[45,139251,73],{"class":67},[45,139253,64],{"class":63},[45,139255,118],{"class":59},[45,139257,139258,139260,139262,139264],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,139259,125],{"class":124},[45,139261,109],{"class":59},[45,139263,42850],{"class":105},[45,139265,118],{"class":59},[45,139267,139268],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,139269,139270],{"class":137},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139272,141,139273,139275],{},[18,139274,60508],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[31,139277,3671,139279,3674],{"id":139278},"what-split-does",[18,139280,60508],{},[14,139282,139283,132241,139285,102],{},[18,139284,60508],{},[26,139286,139287],{},"string method",[14,139289,48909],{},[157,139291,139292,139295,139300],{},[160,139293,139294],{},"divides a string into parts",[160,139296,119495,139297],{},[26,139298,139299],{},"new list of strings",[160,139301,119501,139302,139304],{},[26,139303,178],{}," change the original string",[14,139306,345],{},[36,139308,139310],{"className":38,"code":139309,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139311,139312,139325,139339,139343,139353],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139313,139314,139316,139318,139320,139323],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139315,34669],{"class":51},[45,139317,56],{"class":55},[45,139319,76],{"class":63},[45,139321,139322],{"class":67},"red blue green",[45,139324,1194],{"class":63},[45,139326,139327,139329,139331,139333,139335,139337],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,139328,42818],{"class":51},[45,139330,56],{"class":55},[45,139332,42823],{"class":51},[45,139334,102],{"class":59},[45,139336,34450],{"class":105},[45,139338,8627],{"class":59},[45,139340,139341],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,139342,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,139344,139345,139347,139349,139351],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,139346,125],{"class":124},[45,139348,109],{"class":59},[45,139350,34690],{"class":105},[45,139352,118],{"class":59},[45,139354,139355,139357,139359,139361],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,139356,125],{"class":124},[45,139358,109],{"class":59},[45,139360,42850],{"class":105},[45,139362,118],{"class":59},[14,139364,268],{},[36,139366,139368],{"className":38,"code":139367,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,139369,139370,139375],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139371,139372],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139373,139374],{"class":51},"red blue green\n",[45,139376,139377,139379,139381,139383,139385,139387,139389,139391,139393,139395,139397,139399,139401],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,139378,278],{"class":59},[45,139380,429],{"class":63},[45,139382,470],{"class":67},[45,139384,429],{"class":63},[45,139386,73],{"class":59},[45,139388,438],{"class":63},[45,139390,479],{"class":67},[45,139392,429],{"class":63},[45,139394,73],{"class":59},[45,139396,438],{"class":63},[45,139398,488],{"class":67},[45,139400,429],{"class":63},[45,139402,93],{"class":59},[14,139404,139405,139406,102],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[364,139407,124948],{"href":50957},[31,139409,2153],{"id":2152},[36,139411,139413],{"className":38,"code":139412,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[18,139414,139415],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139416,139417,139419,139421,139423,139425,139427,139429,139432],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139418,61151],{"class":51},[45,139420,102],{"class":59},[45,139422,34450],{"class":105},[45,139424,109],{"class":59},[45,139426,133597],{"class":105},[45,139428,73],{"class":59},[45,139430,139431],{"class":105}," maxsplit",[45,139433,118],{"class":59},[14,139435,139436],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[157,139438,139439,139444],{},[160,139440,139441,139443],{},[18,139442,133597],{}," tells Python where to split",[160,139445,139446,139449],{},[18,139447,139448],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139451,8860,139452,139454],{},[18,139453,133597],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139456,345],{},[36,139458,139460],{"className":38,"code":139459,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,139461,139462,139475],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139463,139464,139466,139468,139470,139473],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139465,34669],{"class":51},[45,139467,56],{"class":55},[45,139469,76],{"class":63},[45,139471,139472],{"class":67},"one two three",[45,139474,1194],{"class":63},[45,139476,139477,139479,139481,139483,139485,139487],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,139478,125],{"class":124},[45,139480,109],{"class":59},[45,139482,34690],{"class":105},[45,139484,102],{"class":59},[45,139486,34450],{"class":105},[45,139488,7181],{"class":59},[14,139490,268],{},[36,139492,139494],{"className":38,"code":139493,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[18,139495,139496],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139497,139498,139500,139502,139504,139506,139508,139510,139512,139514,139516,139518,139520,139522],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139499,278],{"class":59},[45,139501,429],{"class":63},[45,139503,6572],{"class":67},[45,139505,429],{"class":63},[45,139507,73],{"class":59},[45,139509,438],{"class":63},[45,139511,79109],{"class":67},[45,139513,429],{"class":63},[45,139515,73],{"class":59},[45,139517,438],{"class":63},[45,139519,134079],{"class":67},[45,139521,429],{"class":63},[45,139523,93],{"class":59},[31,139525,1736,139527,139529],{"id":139526},"using-split-with-no-separator",[18,139528,60508],{}," with no separator",[14,139531,70145,139532,139534],{},[18,139533,60508],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139536,139537],{},"Whitespace includes:",[157,139539,139540,139542,139545],{},[160,139541,10438],{},[160,139543,139544],{},"tabs",[160,139546,139547],{},"new lines",[14,139549,139550],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139552,345],{},[36,139554,139556],{"className":38,"code":139555,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139557,139558,139581,139595,139599],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139559,139560,139562,139564,139566,139569,139572,139574,139576,139579],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139561,34669],{"class":51},[45,139563,56],{"class":55},[45,139565,76],{"class":63},[45,139567,139568],{"class":67},"Python   is",[45,139570,139571],{"class":34434},"\\t",[45,139573,133333],{"class":67},[45,139575,86991],{"class":34434},[45,139577,139578],{"class":67},"and useful",[45,139580,1194],{"class":63},[45,139582,139583,139585,139587,139589,139591,139593],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,139584,42818],{"class":51},[45,139586,56],{"class":55},[45,139588,42823],{"class":51},[45,139590,102],{"class":59},[45,139592,34450],{"class":105},[45,139594,8627],{"class":59},[45,139596,139597],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,139598,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,139600,139601,139603,139605,139607],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,139602,125],{"class":124},[45,139604,109],{"class":59},[45,139606,42850],{"class":105},[45,139608,118],{"class":59},[14,139610,268],{},[36,139612,139614],{"className":38,"code":139613,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[18,139615,139616],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139617,139618,139620,139622,139624,139626,139628,139630,139632,139634,139636,139638,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139657,139659],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139619,278],{"class":59},[45,139621,429],{"class":63},[45,139623,7284],{"class":67},[45,139625,429],{"class":63},[45,139627,73],{"class":59},[45,139629,438],{"class":63},[45,139631,12182],{"class":67},[45,139633,429],{"class":63},[45,139635,73],{"class":59},[45,139637,438],{"class":63},[45,139639,133333],{"class":67},[45,139641,429],{"class":63},[45,139643,73],{"class":59},[45,139645,438],{"class":63},[45,139647,129958],{"class":67},[45,139649,429],{"class":63},[45,139651,73],{"class":59},[45,139653,438],{"class":63},[45,139655,139656],{"class":67},"useful",[45,139658,429],{"class":63},[45,139660,93],{"class":59},[14,139662,139663],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1864,139665,139667,10572,139669],{"id":139666},"split-vs-split",[18,139668,60508],{},[18,139670,139671],{},"split(' ')",[14,139673,139674],{},"These are not the same.",[36,139676,139678],{"className":38,"code":139677,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[18,139679,139680,139693,139697,139711],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139681,139682,139684,139686,139688,139691],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139683,34669],{"class":51},[45,139685,56],{"class":55},[45,139687,76],{"class":63},[45,139689,139690],{"class":67},"a  b   c",[45,139692,1194],{"class":63},[45,139694,139695],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,139696,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,139698,139699,139701,139703,139705,139707,139709],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,139700,125],{"class":124},[45,139702,109],{"class":59},[45,139704,34690],{"class":105},[45,139706,102],{"class":59},[45,139708,34450],{"class":105},[45,139710,7181],{"class":59},[45,139712,139713,139715,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,139714,125],{"class":124},[45,139716,109],{"class":59},[45,139718,34690],{"class":105},[45,139720,102],{"class":59},[45,139722,34450],{"class":105},[45,139724,109],{"class":59},[45,139726,64],{"class":63},[45,139728,76],{"class":63},[45,139730,1802],{"class":59},[14,139732,268],{},[36,139734,139736],{"className":38,"code":139735,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[18,139737,139738,139766],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139739,139740,139742,139744,139746,139748,139750,139752,139754,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139741,278],{"class":59},[45,139743,429],{"class":63},[45,139745,364],{"class":67},[45,139747,429],{"class":63},[45,139749,73],{"class":59},[45,139751,438],{"class":63},[45,139753,373],{"class":67},[45,139755,429],{"class":63},[45,139757,73],{"class":59},[45,139759,438],{"class":63},[45,139761,382],{"class":67},[45,139763,429],{"class":63},[45,139765,93],{"class":59},[45,139767,139768,139770,139772,139774,139776,139778,139780,139782,139784,139786,139788,139790,139792,139794,139796,139798,139800,139802,139804],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,139769,278],{"class":59},[45,139771,429],{"class":63},[45,139773,364],{"class":67},[45,139775,429],{"class":63},[45,139777,73],{"class":59},[45,139779,3832],{"class":63},[45,139781,73],{"class":59},[45,139783,438],{"class":63},[45,139785,373],{"class":67},[45,139787,429],{"class":63},[45,139789,73],{"class":59},[45,139791,3832],{"class":63},[45,139793,73],{"class":59},[45,139795,3832],{"class":63},[45,139797,73],{"class":59},[45,139799,438],{"class":63},[45,139801,382],{"class":67},[45,139803,429],{"class":63},[45,139805,93],{"class":59},[157,139807,139808,139813],{},[160,139809,139810,139812],{},[18,139811,60508],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[160,139814,139815,139818],{},[18,139816,139817],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,139820,139821,139822,139826],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[364,139823,126193,139824,10728],{"href":136763},[18,139825,41634],{}," is often useful.",[31,139828,139830],{"id":139829},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,139832,139833,139834,2185,139837,2189,139839,102],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[18,139835,139836],{},"\",\"",[18,139838,133432],{},[18,139840,139841],{},"\"::\"",[14,139843,139844],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,139846,139847],{},"Example with commas:",[36,139849,139851],{"className":38,"code":139850,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139852,139853,139865,139887,139891],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139854,139855,139857,139859,139861,139863],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139856,34669],{"class":51},[45,139858,56],{"class":55},[45,139860,76],{"class":63},[45,139862,139231],{"class":67},[45,139864,1194],{"class":63},[45,139866,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,139868,42818],{"class":51},[45,139870,56],{"class":55},[45,139872,42823],{"class":51},[45,139874,102],{"class":59},[45,139876,34450],{"class":105},[45,139878,109],{"class":59},[45,139880,64],{"class":63},[45,139882,73],{"class":67},[45,139884,64],{"class":63},[45,139886,118],{"class":59},[45,139888,139889],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,139890,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,139892,139893,139895,139897,139899],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,139894,125],{"class":124},[45,139896,109],{"class":59},[45,139898,42850],{"class":105},[45,139900,118],{"class":59},[14,139902,268],{},[36,139904,139905],{"className":38,"code":78288,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,139906,139907],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139908,139909,139911,139913,139915,139917,139919,139921,139923,139925,139927,139929,139931,139933],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139910,278],{"class":59},[45,139912,429],{"class":63},[45,139914,68],{"class":67},[45,139916,429],{"class":63},[45,139918,73],{"class":59},[45,139920,438],{"class":63},[45,139922,79],{"class":67},[45,139924,429],{"class":63},[45,139926,73],{"class":59},[45,139928,438],{"class":63},[45,139930,4087],{"class":67},[45,139932,429],{"class":63},[45,139934,93],{"class":59},[14,139936,139937],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[36,139939,139941],{"className":38,"code":139940,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139942,139943,139956,139978,139982],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139944,139945,139947,139949,139951,139954],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139946,34669],{"class":51},[45,139948,56],{"class":55},[45,139950,76],{"class":63},[45,139952,139953],{"class":67},"2024::10::31",[45,139955,1194],{"class":63},[45,139957,139958,139960,139962,139964,139966,139968,139970,139972,139974,139976],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,139959,42818],{"class":51},[45,139961,56],{"class":55},[45,139963,42823],{"class":51},[45,139965,102],{"class":59},[45,139967,34450],{"class":105},[45,139969,109],{"class":59},[45,139971,64],{"class":63},[45,139973,76505],{"class":67},[45,139975,64],{"class":63},[45,139977,118],{"class":59},[45,139979,139980],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,139981,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,139983,139984,139986,139988,139990],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,139985,125],{"class":124},[45,139987,109],{"class":59},[45,139989,42850],{"class":105},[45,139991,118],{"class":59},[14,139993,268],{},[36,139995,139997],{"className":38,"code":139996,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[18,139998,139999],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140000,140001,140003,140005,140008,140010,140012,140014,140016,140018,140020,140022,140025,140027],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140002,278],{"class":59},[45,140004,429],{"class":63},[45,140006,140007],{"class":67},"2024",[45,140009,429],{"class":63},[45,140011,73],{"class":59},[45,140013,438],{"class":63},[45,140015,585],{"class":67},[45,140017,429],{"class":63},[45,140019,73],{"class":59},[45,140021,438],{"class":63},[45,140023,140024],{"class":67},"31",[45,140026,429],{"class":63},[45,140028,93],{"class":59},[14,140030,140031],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,140033,140034,140035,102],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[364,140036,128877],{"href":128876},[31,140038,1736,140040],{"id":140039},"using-maxsplit",[18,140041,139448],{},[14,140043,140044,140046],{},[18,140045,139448],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,140048,140049],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,140051,345],{},[36,140053,140055],{"className":38,"code":140054,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140056,140057,140070,140096,140100],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140058,140059,140061,140063,140065,140068],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140060,34669],{"class":51},[45,140062,56],{"class":55},[45,140064,76],{"class":63},[45,140066,140067],{"class":67},"name:age:city:country",[45,140069,1194],{"class":63},[45,140071,140072,140074,140076,140078,140080,140082,140084,140086,140088,140090,140092,140094],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,140073,42818],{"class":51},[45,140075,56],{"class":55},[45,140077,42823],{"class":51},[45,140079,102],{"class":59},[45,140081,34450],{"class":105},[45,140083,109],{"class":59},[45,140085,64],{"class":63},[45,140087,1111],{"class":67},[45,140089,64],{"class":63},[45,140091,73],{"class":59},[45,140093,208],{"class":202},[45,140095,118],{"class":59},[45,140097,140098],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140099,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,140101,140102,140104,140106,140108],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,140103,125],{"class":124},[45,140105,109],{"class":59},[45,140107,42850],{"class":105},[45,140109,118],{"class":59},[14,140111,268],{},[36,140113,140115],{"className":38,"code":140114,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[18,140116,140117],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140118,140119,140121,140123,140125,140127,140129,140131,140133,140135,140137,140139,140142,140144],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140120,278],{"class":59},[45,140122,429],{"class":63},[45,140124,7656],{"class":67},[45,140126,429],{"class":63},[45,140128,73],{"class":59},[45,140130,438],{"class":63},[45,140132,9285],{"class":67},[45,140134,429],{"class":63},[45,140136,73],{"class":59},[45,140138,438],{"class":63},[45,140140,140141],{"class":67},"city:country",[45,140143,429],{"class":63},[45,140145,93],{"class":59},[14,140147,2174],{},[157,140149,140150,140155,140160],{},[160,140151,140152,140153],{},"Python splits at the first ",[18,140154,1111],{},[160,140156,140157,140158],{},"then splits at the second ",[18,140159,1111],{},[160,140161,140162],{},"then stops",[14,140164,140165],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140167,52062],{},[36,140169,140171],{"className":38,"code":140170,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[18,140172,140173,140186],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140174,140175,140177,140179,140181,140184],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140176,34669],{"class":51},[45,140178,56],{"class":55},[45,140180,76],{"class":63},[45,140182,140183],{"class":67},"apple banana cherry grape",[45,140185,1194],{"class":63},[45,140187,140188,140190,140192,140194,140196,140198,140200,140202,140204,140206,140208],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,140189,125],{"class":124},[45,140191,109],{"class":59},[45,140193,34690],{"class":105},[45,140195,102],{"class":59},[45,140197,34450],{"class":105},[45,140199,109],{"class":59},[45,140201,64],{"class":63},[45,140203,76],{"class":63},[45,140205,73],{"class":59},[45,140207,5488],{"class":202},[45,140209,1802],{"class":59},[14,140211,268],{},[36,140213,140215],{"className":38,"code":140214,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[18,140216,140217],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140218,140219,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140234,140236],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140220,278],{"class":59},[45,140222,429],{"class":63},[45,140224,68],{"class":67},[45,140226,429],{"class":63},[45,140228,73],{"class":59},[45,140230,438],{"class":63},[45,140232,140233],{"class":67},"banana cherry grape",[45,140235,429],{"class":63},[45,140237,93],{"class":59},[31,140239,3671,140241,11694],{"id":140240},"what-split-returns",[18,140242,60508],{},[14,140244,140245,140246,140248,140249,102],{},"The result of ",[18,140247,60508],{}," is always a ",[26,140250,316],{},[14,140252,140253],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140255,345],{},[36,140257,140259],{"className":38,"code":140258,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[18,140260,140261,140274,140296,140300,140310,140324],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140262,140263,140265,140267,140269,140272],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140264,34669],{"class":51},[45,140266,56],{"class":55},[45,140268,76],{"class":63},[45,140270,140271],{"class":67},"cat,dog,bird",[45,140273,1194],{"class":63},[45,140275,140276,140278,140280,140282,140284,140286,140288,140290,140292,140294],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,140277,42818],{"class":51},[45,140279,56],{"class":55},[45,140281,42823],{"class":51},[45,140283,102],{"class":59},[45,140285,34450],{"class":105},[45,140287,109],{"class":59},[45,140289,64],{"class":63},[45,140291,73],{"class":67},[45,140293,64],{"class":63},[45,140295,118],{"class":59},[45,140297,140298],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140299,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,140301,140302,140304,140306,140308],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,140303,125],{"class":124},[45,140305,109],{"class":59},[45,140307,42850],{"class":105},[45,140309,118],{"class":59},[45,140311,140312,140314,140316,140318,140320,140322],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,140313,125],{"class":124},[45,140315,109],{"class":59},[45,140317,1811],{"class":315},[45,140319,109],{"class":59},[45,140321,42850],{"class":105},[45,140323,1802],{"class":59},[45,140325,140326,140328,140330,140332,140334,140336],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,140327,125],{"class":124},[45,140329,109],{"class":59},[45,140331,42850],{"class":105},[45,140333,278],{"class":59},[45,140335,2114],{"class":202},[45,140337,3880],{"class":59},[14,140339,268],{},[36,140341,140343],{"className":38,"code":140342,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[18,140344,140345,140373,140387],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140346,140347,140349,140351,140353,140355,140357,140359,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140348,278],{"class":59},[45,140350,429],{"class":63},[45,140352,37027],{"class":67},[45,140354,429],{"class":63},[45,140356,73],{"class":59},[45,140358,438],{"class":63},[45,140360,58104],{"class":67},[45,140362,429],{"class":63},[45,140364,73],{"class":59},[45,140366,438],{"class":63},[45,140368,58121],{"class":67},[45,140370,429],{"class":63},[45,140372,93],{"class":59},[45,140374,140375,140377,140379,140381,140383,140385],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,140376,3284],{"class":55},[45,140378,3287],{"class":2059},[45,140380,438],{"class":63},[45,140382,316],{"class":67},[45,140384,429],{"class":63},[45,140386,3296],{"class":55},[45,140388,140389],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140390,85307],{"class":51},[14,140392,140393],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[157,140395,140396,140399,140402],{},[160,140397,140398],{},"loop over it",[160,140400,140401],{},"access items by index",[160,140403,140404],{},"combine items again later",[14,140406,140407,140408,102],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[364,140409,126193,140411,10728],{"href":140410},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[18,140412,133275],{},[14,140414,345],{},[36,140416,140418],{"className":38,"code":140417,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140419,140420,140452,140474,140478],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140421,140422,140424,140426,140428,140430,140432,140434,140436,140438,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448,140450],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140423,42818],{"class":51},[45,140425,56],{"class":55},[45,140427,60],{"class":59},[45,140429,429],{"class":63},[45,140431,37027],{"class":67},[45,140433,429],{"class":63},[45,140435,73],{"class":59},[45,140437,438],{"class":63},[45,140439,58104],{"class":67},[45,140441,429],{"class":63},[45,140443,73],{"class":59},[45,140445,438],{"class":63},[45,140447,58121],{"class":67},[45,140449,429],{"class":63},[45,140451,93],{"class":59},[45,140453,140454,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466,140468,140470,140472],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,140455,34669],{"class":51},[45,140457,56],{"class":55},[45,140459,76],{"class":63},[45,140461,2016],{"class":67},[45,140463,64],{"class":63},[45,140465,102],{"class":59},[45,140467,133352],{"class":105},[45,140469,109],{"class":59},[45,140471,42850],{"class":105},[45,140473,118],{"class":59},[45,140475,140476],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140477,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,140479,140480,140482,140484,140486],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,140481,125],{"class":124},[45,140483,109],{"class":59},[45,140485,34690],{"class":105},[45,140487,118],{"class":59},[14,140489,268],{},[36,140491,140493],{"className":38,"code":140492,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"cat-dog-bird\n",[18,140494,140495],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140496,140497,140499,140501,140503,140505],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140498,37027],{"class":51},[45,140500,2016],{"class":55},[45,140502,58104],{"class":51},[45,140504,2016],{"class":55},[45,140506,140507],{"class":51},"bird\n",[31,140509,140511],{"id":140510},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140513,140514],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1864,140516,140518],{"id":140517},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[36,140520,140522],{"className":38,"code":140521,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,140523,140524,140532],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140525,140526,140528,140530],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140527,34669],{"class":51},[45,140529,56],{"class":55},[45,140531,7867],{"class":63},[45,140533,140534,140536,140538,140540,140542,140544],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,140535,125],{"class":124},[45,140537,109],{"class":59},[45,140539,34690],{"class":105},[45,140541,102],{"class":59},[45,140543,34450],{"class":105},[45,140545,7181],{"class":59},[14,140547,268],{},[36,140549,140550],{"className":38,"code":38278,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,140551,140552],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140553,140554],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140555,38278],{"class":59},[1864,140557,140559],{"id":140558},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[36,140561,140563],{"className":38,"code":140562,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140564,140565,140573],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140566,140567,140569,140571],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140568,34669],{"class":51},[45,140570,56],{"class":55},[45,140572,7867],{"class":63},[45,140574,140575,140577,140579,140581,140583,140585,140587,140589,140591,140593],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,140576,125],{"class":124},[45,140578,109],{"class":59},[45,140580,34690],{"class":105},[45,140582,102],{"class":59},[45,140584,34450],{"class":105},[45,140586,109],{"class":59},[45,140588,64],{"class":63},[45,140590,73],{"class":67},[45,140592,64],{"class":63},[45,140594,1802],{"class":59},[14,140596,268],{},[36,140598,140600],{"className":38,"code":140599,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['']\n",[18,140601,140602],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140603,140604,140606,140608],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140605,278],{"class":59},[45,140607,3767],{"class":63},[45,140609,93],{"class":59},[1864,140611,140613],{"id":140612},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140615,140616],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[36,140618,140620],{"className":38,"code":140619,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140621,140622,140634],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140623,140624,140626,140628,140630,140632],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140625,34669],{"class":51},[45,140627,56],{"class":55},[45,140629,76],{"class":63},[45,140631,3839],{"class":67},[45,140633,1194],{"class":63},[45,140635,140636,140638,140640,140642,140644,140646,140648,140650,140652,140654],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,140637,125],{"class":124},[45,140639,109],{"class":59},[45,140641,34690],{"class":105},[45,140643,102],{"class":59},[45,140645,34450],{"class":105},[45,140647,109],{"class":59},[45,140649,64],{"class":63},[45,140651,73],{"class":67},[45,140653,64],{"class":63},[45,140655,1802],{"class":59},[14,140657,268],{},[36,140659,140661],{"className":38,"code":140660,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['hello']\n",[18,140662,140663],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140664,140665,140667,140669,140671,140673],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140666,278],{"class":59},[45,140668,429],{"class":63},[45,140670,3839],{"class":67},[45,140672,429],{"class":63},[45,140674,93],{"class":59},[31,140676,4952,140678],{"id":140677},"when-to-use-split",[18,140679,60508],{},[14,140681,141,140682,140684],{},[18,140683,60508],{}," when you need to:",[157,140686,140687,140690,140693],{},[160,140688,140689],{},"split a sentence into words",[160,140691,140692],{},"split comma-separated values",[160,140694,140695],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140697,140698],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[157,140700,140701,140704,140707],{},[160,140702,140703],{},"cleaning text",[160,140705,140706],{},"parsing user input",[160,140708,140709],{},"processing simple file content",[31,140711,1709],{"id":1708},[14,140713,84078],{},[157,140715,140716,140720,140726,140729,140737],{},[160,140717,50488,140718,131413],{},[18,140719,60508],{},[160,140721,140722,140723,140725],{},"forgetting that ",[18,140724,60508],{}," returns a list, not a string",[160,140727,140728],{},"using the wrong separator",[160,140730,140731,140732,140734,140735],{},"assuming ",[18,140733,139671],{}," behaves the same as ",[18,140736,60508],{},[160,140738,140739],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140741,140742],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[36,140744,140746],{"className":38,"code":140745,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140747,140748,140760,140778,140782],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140749,140750,140752,140754,140756,140758],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140751,34669],{"class":51},[45,140753,56],{"class":55},[45,140755,76],{"class":63},[45,140757,42811],{"class":67},[45,140759,1194],{"class":63},[45,140761,140762,140764,140766,140768,140770,140772,140774,140776],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,140763,34690],{"class":51},[45,140765,102],{"class":59},[45,140767,34450],{"class":105},[45,140769,109],{"class":59},[45,140771,64],{"class":63},[45,140773,73],{"class":67},[45,140775,64],{"class":63},[45,140777,118],{"class":59},[45,140779,140780],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140781,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,140783,140784,140786,140788,140790],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,140785,125],{"class":124},[45,140787,109],{"class":59},[45,140789,34690],{"class":105},[45,140791,118],{"class":59},[14,140793,268],{},[36,140795,140797],{"className":38,"code":140796,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a,b,c\n",[18,140798,140799],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140800,140801,140803,140805,140807,140809],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140802,364],{"class":51},[45,140804,73],{"class":59},[45,140806,373],{"class":51},[45,140808,73],{"class":59},[45,140810,69217],{"class":51},[14,140812,140813],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,140815,10795],{},[36,140817,140818],{"className":38,"code":42798,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,140819,140820,140832,140854,140858],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140821,140822,140824,140826,140828,140830],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140823,34669],{"class":51},[45,140825,56],{"class":55},[45,140827,76],{"class":63},[45,140829,42811],{"class":67},[45,140831,1194],{"class":63},[45,140833,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,140835,42818],{"class":51},[45,140837,56],{"class":55},[45,140839,42823],{"class":51},[45,140841,102],{"class":59},[45,140843,34450],{"class":105},[45,140845,109],{"class":59},[45,140847,64],{"class":63},[45,140849,73],{"class":67},[45,140851,64],{"class":63},[45,140853,118],{"class":59},[45,140855,140856],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140857,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,140859,140860,140862,140864,140866],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,140861,125],{"class":124},[45,140863,109],{"class":59},[45,140865,42850],{"class":105},[45,140867,118],{"class":59},[14,140869,268],{},[36,140871,140872],{"className":38,"code":42857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,140873,140874],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140875,140876,140878,140880,140882,140884,140886,140888,140890,140892,140894,140896,140898,140900],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140877,278],{"class":59},[45,140879,429],{"class":63},[45,140881,364],{"class":67},[45,140883,429],{"class":63},[45,140885,73],{"class":59},[45,140887,438],{"class":63},[45,140889,373],{"class":67},[45,140891,429],{"class":63},[45,140893,73],{"class":59},[45,140895,438],{"class":63},[45,140897,382],{"class":67},[45,140899,429],{"class":63},[45,140901,93],{"class":59},[14,140903,140904],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[36,140906,140908],{"className":38,"code":140907,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[18,140909,140910,140923,140945,140949],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140911,140912,140914,140916,140918,140921],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140913,34669],{"class":51},[45,140915,56],{"class":55},[45,140917,76],{"class":63},[45,140919,140920],{"class":67},"apple,banana",[45,140922,1194],{"class":63},[45,140924,140925,140927,140929,140931,140933,140935,140937,140939,140941,140943],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,140926,42818],{"class":51},[45,140928,56],{"class":55},[45,140930,42823],{"class":51},[45,140932,102],{"class":59},[45,140934,34450],{"class":105},[45,140936,109],{"class":59},[45,140938,64],{"class":63},[45,140940,73],{"class":67},[45,140942,64],{"class":63},[45,140944,118],{"class":59},[45,140946,140947],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140948,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,140950,140951,140953,140955,140957,140959,140961],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,140952,125],{"class":124},[45,140954,109],{"class":59},[45,140956,42850],{"class":105},[45,140958,278],{"class":59},[45,140960,234],{"class":202},[45,140962,3880],{"class":59},[14,140964,140965,140966,102],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[364,140967,69230],{"href":69229},[1864,140969,60687],{"id":60686},[14,140971,8860,140972,140974],{},[18,140973,60508],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[36,140976,140978],{"className":38,"code":140977,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[18,140979,140980,140990,141004,141026,141052],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140981,140982,140984,140986,140988],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140983,125],{"class":124},[45,140985,109],{"class":59},[45,140987,34690],{"class":105},[45,140989,118],{"class":59},[45,140991,140992,140994,140996,140998,141000,141002],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,140993,125],{"class":124},[45,140995,109],{"class":59},[45,140997,34690],{"class":105},[45,140999,102],{"class":59},[45,141001,34450],{"class":105},[45,141003,7181],{"class":59},[45,141005,141006,141008,141010,141012,141014,141016,141018,141020,141022,141024],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141007,125],{"class":124},[45,141009,109],{"class":59},[45,141011,34690],{"class":105},[45,141013,102],{"class":59},[45,141015,34450],{"class":105},[45,141017,109],{"class":59},[45,141019,429],{"class":63},[45,141021,73],{"class":67},[45,141023,429],{"class":63},[45,141025,1802],{"class":59},[45,141027,141028,141030,141032,141034,141036,141038,141040,141042,141044,141046,141048,141050],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,141029,125],{"class":124},[45,141031,109],{"class":59},[45,141033,11150],{"class":124},[45,141035,109],{"class":59},[45,141037,34690],{"class":105},[45,141039,102],{"class":59},[45,141041,34450],{"class":105},[45,141043,109],{"class":59},[45,141045,429],{"class":63},[45,141047,73],{"class":67},[45,141049,429],{"class":63},[45,141051,2905],{"class":59},[45,141053,141054,141056,141058,141060,141062,141064,141066,141068,141070,141072,141074,141076],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,141055,125],{"class":124},[45,141057,109],{"class":59},[45,141059,1811],{"class":315},[45,141061,109],{"class":59},[45,141063,34690],{"class":105},[45,141065,102],{"class":59},[45,141067,34450],{"class":105},[45,141069,109],{"class":59},[45,141071,429],{"class":63},[45,141073,73],{"class":67},[45,141075,429],{"class":63},[45,141077,2905],{"class":59},[14,141079,11159],{},[157,141081,141082,141085,141088,141091],{},[160,141083,141084],{},"what the original string looks like",[160,141086,141087],{},"which separator works",[160,141089,141090],{},"how many items were created",[160,141092,141093],{},"that the result is a list",[31,141095,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,141097,5170,141099,1301,141101,2485],{"id":141098},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[18,141100,60508],{},[18,141102,139671],{},[14,141104,141105,141107],{},[18,141106,60508],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141109,141110,141112],{},[18,141111,139671],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1864,141114,175,141116,124520],{"id":141115},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[18,141117,60508],{},[14,141119,141120,141121,56456],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[18,141122,60508],{},[1864,141124,5133,141126,39942],{"id":141125},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[18,141127,139448],{},[14,141129,141130],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1864,141132,141134],{"id":141133},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141136,29042,141137,141139],{},[18,141138,60508],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[31,141141,1909],{"id":1908},[157,141143,141144,141148,141154,141160,141164],{},[160,141145,141146],{},[364,141147,129798],{"href":128876},[160,141149,141150],{},[364,141151,126193,141152,10728],{"href":140410},[18,141153,133275],{},[160,141155,141156],{},[364,141157,126193,141158,10728],{"href":136763},[18,141159,41634],{},[160,141161,141162],{},[364,141163,124948],{"href":50957},[160,141165,141166],{},[364,141167,69230],{"href":69229},[1936,141169,141170],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":141172},[141173,141174,141176,141177,141182,141183,141185,141187,141192,141194,141197,141206],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":139278,"depth":96,"text":141175},"What split() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":139526,"depth":96,"text":141178,"children":141179},"Using split() with no separator",[141180],{"id":139666,"depth":121,"text":141181},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139829,"depth":96,"text":139830},{"id":140039,"depth":96,"text":141184},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140240,"depth":96,"text":141186},"What split() returns",{"id":140510,"depth":96,"text":140511,"children":141188},[141189,141190,141191],{"id":140517,"depth":121,"text":140518},{"id":140558,"depth":121,"text":140559},{"id":140612,"depth":121,"text":140613},{"id":140677,"depth":96,"text":141193},"When to use split()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":141195},[141196],{"id":60686,"depth":121,"text":60687},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":141198},[141199,141201,141203,141205],{"id":141098,"depth":121,"text":141200},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141115,"depth":121,"text":141202},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141125,"depth":121,"text":141204},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141133,"depth":121,"text":141134},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139187,"description":141207},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141214,"title":141215,"body":141216,"description":143159,"extension":1958,"meta":143160,"navigation":241,"path":143161,"seo":143162,"stem":143163,"__hash__":143164},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141217,"toc":143118},[141218,141223,141228,141235,141308,141313,141318,141323,141339,141341,141411,141413,141415,141435,141437,141482,141487,141489,141587,141592,141596,141601,141605,141608,141650,141654,141657,141702,141706,141709,141759,141763,141768,141820,141822,141827,141838,141843,141923,141925,141937,141946,141953,141968,141970,142085,142091,142095,142098,142103,142245,142248,142255,142257,142261,142269,142338,142344,142393,142398,142403,142405,142425,142427,142493,142495,142499,142502,142506,142547,142549,142582,142587,142590,142617,142619,142662,142669,142674,142684,142750,142754,142762,142767,142818,142822,142825,142827,142836,142838,142888,142890,142997,142999,143004,143011,143017,143020,143051,143056,143058,143065,143073,143082,143085,143087,143115],[10,141219,123193,141221,11311],{"id":141220},"python-string-startswith-method",[18,141222,127561],{},[14,141224,123198,141225,141227],{},[18,141226,127561],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141229,126259,141230,1742,141232,141234],{},[18,141231,3598],{},[18,141233,3667],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[36,141236,141238],{"className":38,"code":141237,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[18,141239,141240,141253,141257,141282],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141241,141242,141244,141246,141248,141251],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141243,34669],{"class":51},[45,141245,56],{"class":55},[45,141247,76],{"class":63},[45,141249,141250],{"class":67},"Python Beginner Help",[45,141252,1194],{"class":63},[45,141254,141255],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,141256,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,141258,141259,141261,141263,141265,141267,141270,141272,141274,141276,141278,141280],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141260,125],{"class":124},[45,141262,109],{"class":59},[45,141264,34690],{"class":105},[45,141266,102],{"class":59},[45,141268,141269],{"class":105},"startswith",[45,141271,109],{"class":59},[45,141273,64],{"class":63},[45,141275,7284],{"class":67},[45,141277,64],{"class":63},[45,141279,5353],{"class":59},[45,141281,43837],{"class":137},[45,141283,141284,141286,141288,141290,141292,141294,141296,141298,141301,141303,141305],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,141285,125],{"class":124},[45,141287,109],{"class":59},[45,141289,34690],{"class":105},[45,141291,102],{"class":59},[45,141293,141269],{"class":105},[45,141295,109],{"class":59},[45,141297,64],{"class":63},[45,141299,141300],{"class":67},"Beginner",[45,141302,64],{"class":63},[45,141304,5353],{"class":59},[45,141306,141307],{"class":137}," # False\n",[14,141309,141,141310,141312],{},[18,141311,127561],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[31,141314,3671,141316,3674],{"id":141315},"what-startswith-does",[18,141317,127561],{},[14,141319,141320,141322],{},[18,141321,127561],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[157,141324,141325,141328,141334,141336],{},[160,141326,141327],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[160,141329,1877,141330,1742,141332],{},[18,141331,3598],{},[18,141333,3667],{},[160,141335,123336],{},[160,141337,141338],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141340,345],{},[36,141342,141344],{"className":38,"code":141343,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[18,141345,141346,141358,141362,141387],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141347,141348,141350,141352,141354,141356],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141349,7862],{"class":51},[45,141351,56],{"class":55},[45,141353,76],{"class":63},[45,141355,7284],{"class":67},[45,141357,1194],{"class":63},[45,141359,141360],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,141361,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,141363,141364,141366,141368,141370,141372,141374,141376,141378,141381,141383,141385],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141365,125],{"class":124},[45,141367,109],{"class":59},[45,141369,7656],{"class":105},[45,141371,102],{"class":59},[45,141373,141269],{"class":105},[45,141375,109],{"class":59},[45,141377,64],{"class":63},[45,141379,141380],{"class":67},"Py",[45,141382,64],{"class":63},[45,141384,5353],{"class":59},[45,141386,43837],{"class":137},[45,141388,141389,141391,141393,141395,141397,141399,141401,141403,141405,141407,141409],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,141390,125],{"class":124},[45,141392,109],{"class":59},[45,141394,7656],{"class":105},[45,141396,102],{"class":59},[45,141398,141269],{"class":105},[45,141400,109],{"class":59},[45,141402,64],{"class":63},[45,141404,128639],{"class":67},[45,141406,64],{"class":63},[45,141408,5353],{"class":59},[45,141410,43854],{"class":137},[31,141412,2153],{"id":2152},[14,141414,42366],{},[36,141416,141418],{"className":38,"code":141417,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[18,141419,141420],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141421,141422,141424,141426,141428,141430,141433],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141423,61151],{"class":51},[45,141425,102],{"class":59},[45,141427,141269],{"class":105},[45,141429,109],{"class":59},[45,141431,141432],{"class":105},"prefix",[45,141434,118],{"class":59},[14,141436,30745],{},[36,141438,141440],{"className":38,"code":141439,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[18,141441,141442,141460],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141443,141444,141446,141448,141450,141452,141454,141456,141458],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141445,61151],{"class":51},[45,141447,102],{"class":59},[45,141449,141269],{"class":105},[45,141451,109],{"class":59},[45,141453,141432],{"class":105},[45,141455,73],{"class":59},[45,141457,36033],{"class":105},[45,141459,118],{"class":59},[45,141461,141462,141464,141466,141468,141470,141472,141474,141476,141478,141480],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,141463,61151],{"class":51},[45,141465,102],{"class":59},[45,141467,141269],{"class":105},[45,141469,109],{"class":59},[45,141471,141432],{"class":105},[45,141473,73],{"class":59},[45,141475,36033],{"class":105},[45,141477,73],{"class":59},[45,141479,65018],{"class":105},[45,141481,118],{"class":59},[14,141483,20757,141484,141486],{},[18,141485,141432],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141488,345],{},[36,141490,141492],{"className":38,"code":141491,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[18,141493,141494,141506,141510,141535,141559],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141495,141496,141498,141500,141502,141504],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141497,34669],{"class":51},[45,141499,56],{"class":55},[45,141501,76],{"class":63},[45,141503,60383],{"class":67},[45,141505,1194],{"class":63},[45,141507,141508],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,141509,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,141511,141512,141514,141516,141518,141520,141522,141524,141526,141528,141530,141532],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141513,125],{"class":124},[45,141515,109],{"class":59},[45,141517,34690],{"class":105},[45,141519,102],{"class":59},[45,141521,141269],{"class":105},[45,141523,109],{"class":59},[45,141525,64],{"class":63},[45,141527,3839],{"class":67},[45,141529,64],{"class":63},[45,141531,5353],{"class":59},[45,141533,141534],{"class":137},"      # True\n",[45,141536,141537,141539,141541,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,141538,125],{"class":124},[45,141540,109],{"class":59},[45,141542,34690],{"class":105},[45,141544,102],{"class":59},[45,141546,141269],{"class":105},[45,141548,109],{"class":59},[45,141550,64],{"class":63},[45,141552,60568],{"class":67},[45,141554,64],{"class":63},[45,141556,5353],{"class":59},[45,141558,21186],{"class":137},[45,141560,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573,141575,141577,141579,141581,141583,141585],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,141562,125],{"class":124},[45,141564,109],{"class":59},[45,141566,34690],{"class":105},[45,141568,102],{"class":59},[45,141570,141269],{"class":105},[45,141572,109],{"class":59},[45,141574,64],{"class":63},[45,141576,60568],{"class":67},[45,141578,64],{"class":63},[45,141580,73],{"class":59},[45,141582,37624],{"class":202},[45,141584,5353],{"class":59},[45,141586,43837],{"class":137},[14,141588,141589,141590,102],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[364,141591,124948],{"href":50957},[31,141593,141595],{"id":141594},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141597,141598,141600],{},[18,141599,127561],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1864,141602,141603],{"id":141432},[18,141604,141432],{},[14,141606,141607],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[36,141609,141611],{"className":38,"code":141610,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[18,141612,141613,141625],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141614,141615,141617,141619,141621,141623],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141616,34669],{"class":51},[45,141618,56],{"class":55},[45,141620,76],{"class":63},[45,141622,79],{"class":67},[45,141624,1194],{"class":63},[45,141626,141627,141629,141631,141633,141635,141637,141639,141641,141644,141646,141648],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,141628,125],{"class":124},[45,141630,109],{"class":59},[45,141632,34690],{"class":105},[45,141634,102],{"class":59},[45,141636,141269],{"class":105},[45,141638,109],{"class":59},[45,141640,64],{"class":63},[45,141642,141643],{"class":67},"ban",[45,141645,64],{"class":63},[45,141647,5353],{"class":59},[45,141649,3657],{"class":137},[1864,141651,141652],{"id":36054},[18,141653,36054],{},[14,141655,141656],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[36,141658,141660],{"className":38,"code":141659,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[18,141661,141662,141674],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141663,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141665,34669],{"class":51},[45,141667,56],{"class":55},[45,141669,76],{"class":63},[45,141671,60383],{"class":67},[45,141673,1194],{"class":63},[45,141675,141676,141678,141680,141682,141684,141686,141688,141690,141692,141694,141696,141698,141700],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,141677,125],{"class":124},[45,141679,109],{"class":59},[45,141681,34690],{"class":105},[45,141683,102],{"class":59},[45,141685,141269],{"class":105},[45,141687,109],{"class":59},[45,141689,64],{"class":63},[45,141691,60568],{"class":67},[45,141693,64],{"class":63},[45,141695,73],{"class":59},[45,141697,37624],{"class":202},[45,141699,5353],{"class":59},[45,141701,3657],{"class":137},[1864,141703,141704],{"id":52643},[18,141705,52643],{},[14,141707,141708],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[36,141710,141712],{"className":38,"code":141711,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[18,141713,141714,141726],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141715,141716,141718,141720,141722,141724],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141717,34669],{"class":51},[45,141719,56],{"class":55},[45,141721,76],{"class":63},[45,141723,60383],{"class":67},[45,141725,1194],{"class":63},[45,141727,141728,141730,141732,141734,141736,141738,141740,141742,141745,141747,141749,141751,141753,141755,141757],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,141729,125],{"class":124},[45,141731,109],{"class":59},[45,141733,34690],{"class":105},[45,141735,102],{"class":59},[45,141737,141269],{"class":105},[45,141739,109],{"class":59},[45,141741,64],{"class":63},[45,141743,141744],{"class":67},"wor",[45,141746,64],{"class":63},[45,141748,73],{"class":59},[45,141750,37624],{"class":202},[45,141752,73],{"class":59},[45,141754,54119],{"class":202},[45,141756,5353],{"class":59},[45,141758,3657],{"class":137},[1864,141760,141762],{"id":141761},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141764,141765,141767],{},[18,141766,141432],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[36,141769,141771],{"className":38,"code":141770,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[18,141772,141773,141786],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141774,141775,141777,141779,141781,141784],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141776,126276],{"class":51},[45,141778,56],{"class":55},[45,141780,76],{"class":63},[45,141782,141783],{"class":67},"img_001.png",[45,141785,1194],{"class":63},[45,141787,141788,141790,141792,141794,141796,141798,141800,141802,141805,141807,141809,141811,141814,141816,141818],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,141789,125],{"class":124},[45,141791,109],{"class":59},[45,141793,126294],{"class":105},[45,141795,102],{"class":59},[45,141797,141269],{"class":105},[45,141799,5501],{"class":59},[45,141801,64],{"class":63},[45,141803,141804],{"class":67},"img_",[45,141806,64],{"class":63},[45,141808,73],{"class":59},[45,141810,76],{"class":63},[45,141812,141813],{"class":67},"photo_",[45,141815,64],{"class":63},[45,141817,51073],{"class":59},[45,141819,3657],{"class":137},[31,141821,17405],{"id":17404},[14,141823,141824,141826],{},[18,141825,127561],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[157,141828,141829,141834],{},[160,141830,141831,141833],{},[18,141832,3598],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[160,141835,141836,126878],{},[18,141837,3667],{},[14,141839,141840,141841,7159],{},"This makes it useful in ",[18,141842,982],{},[36,141844,141846],{"className":38,"code":141845,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[18,141847,141848,141862,141866,141887,141902,141908],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141849,141850,141853,141855,141857,141860],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141851,141852],{"class":51},"command ",[45,141854,56],{"class":55},[45,141856,76],{"class":63},[45,141858,141859],{"class":67},"\u002Fhelp",[45,141861,1194],{"class":63},[45,141863,141864],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,141865,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,141867,141868,141870,141873,141875,141877,141879,141881,141883,141885],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141869,982],{"class":969},[45,141871,141872],{"class":51}," command",[45,141874,102],{"class":59},[45,141876,141269],{"class":105},[45,141878,109],{"class":59},[45,141880,64],{"class":63},[45,141882,127085],{"class":67},[45,141884,64],{"class":63},[45,141886,8327],{"class":59},[45,141888,141889,141891,141893,141895,141898,141900],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,141890,8055],{"class":124},[45,141892,109],{"class":59},[45,141894,64],{"class":63},[45,141896,141897],{"class":67},"This looks like a command.",[45,141899,64],{"class":63},[45,141901,118],{"class":59},[45,141903,141904,141906],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,141905,27415],{"class":969},[45,141907,1213],{"class":59},[45,141909,141910,141912,141914,141916,141919,141921],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,141911,8055],{"class":124},[45,141913,109],{"class":59},[45,141915,64],{"class":63},[45,141917,141918],{"class":67},"This is normal text.",[45,141920,64],{"class":63},[45,141922,118],{"class":59},[14,141924,268],{},[36,141926,141928],{"className":38,"code":141927,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"This looks like a command.\n",[18,141929,141930],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141931,141932,141935],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141933,141934],{"class":51},"This looks like a command",[45,141936,122225],{"class":59},[31,141938,1736,141940,8689,141942,1301,141944],{"id":141939},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[18,141941,127561],{},[18,141943,36054],{},[18,141945,52643],{},[14,141947,16,141948,1301,141950,141952],{},[18,141949,36054],{},[18,141951,52643],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[157,141954,141955,141960,141965],{},[160,141956,141957,141959],{},[18,141958,36054],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[160,141961,141962,141964],{},[18,141963,52643],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[160,141966,141967],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,141969,345],{},[36,141971,141973],{"className":38,"code":141972,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[18,141974,141975,141987,141991,142020,142053],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141976,141977,141979,141981,141983,141985],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141978,34669],{"class":51},[45,141980,56],{"class":55},[45,141982,76],{"class":63},[45,141984,139472],{"class":67},[45,141986,1194],{"class":63},[45,141988,141989],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,141990,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,141992,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005,142007,142009,142011,142013,142015,142017],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141994,125],{"class":124},[45,141996,109],{"class":59},[45,141998,34690],{"class":105},[45,142000,102],{"class":59},[45,142002,141269],{"class":105},[45,142004,109],{"class":59},[45,142006,64],{"class":63},[45,142008,79109],{"class":67},[45,142010,64],{"class":63},[45,142012,73],{"class":59},[45,142014,2450],{"class":202},[45,142016,5353],{"class":59},[45,142018,142019],{"class":137},"        # True\n",[45,142021,142022,142024,142026,142028,142030,142032,142034,142036,142038,142040,142042,142044,142046,142049,142051],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,142023,125],{"class":124},[45,142025,109],{"class":59},[45,142027,34690],{"class":105},[45,142029,102],{"class":59},[45,142031,141269],{"class":105},[45,142033,109],{"class":59},[45,142035,64],{"class":63},[45,142037,134079],{"class":67},[45,142039,64],{"class":63},[45,142041,73],{"class":59},[45,142043,6347],{"class":202},[45,142045,73],{"class":59},[45,142047,142048],{"class":202}," 13",[45,142050,5353],{"class":59},[45,142052,3657],{"class":137},[45,142054,142055,142057,142059,142061,142063,142065,142067,142069,142071,142073,142075,142077,142079,142081,142083],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,142056,125],{"class":124},[45,142058,109],{"class":59},[45,142060,34690],{"class":105},[45,142062,102],{"class":59},[45,142064,141269],{"class":105},[45,142066,109],{"class":59},[45,142068,64],{"class":63},[45,142070,134079],{"class":67},[45,142072,64],{"class":63},[45,142074,73],{"class":59},[45,142076,6347],{"class":202},[45,142078,73],{"class":59},[45,142080,30924],{"class":202},[45,142082,5353],{"class":59},[45,142084,4762],{"class":137},[14,142086,142087,142088,142090],{},"In the last example, the ",[18,142089,52643],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[31,142092,142094],{"id":142093},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,142096,142097],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142099,142100,142101,49330],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[18,142102,40818],{},[36,142104,142106],{"className":38,"code":142105,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[18,142107,142108,142122,142136,142150,142154,142178,142182,142203,142224],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142109,142110,142113,142115,142117,142120],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142111,142112],{"class":51},"filename1 ",[45,142114,56],{"class":55},[45,142116,76],{"class":63},[45,142118,142119],{"class":67},"img_101.jpg",[45,142121,1194],{"class":63},[45,142123,142124,142127,142129,142131,142134],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,142125,142126],{"class":51},"filename2 ",[45,142128,56],{"class":55},[45,142130,76],{"class":63},[45,142132,142133],{"class":67},"photo_202.jpg",[45,142135,1194],{"class":63},[45,142137,142138,142141,142143,142145,142148],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142139,142140],{"class":51},"filename3 ",[45,142142,56],{"class":55},[45,142144,76],{"class":63},[45,142146,142147],{"class":67},"doc_303.jpg",[45,142149,1194],{"class":63},[45,142151,142152],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,142153,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,142155,142156,142158,142160,142162,142164,142166,142168,142170,142172,142174,142176],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,142157,127488],{"class":51},[45,142159,56],{"class":55},[45,142161,9222],{"class":59},[45,142163,64],{"class":63},[45,142165,141804],{"class":67},[45,142167,64],{"class":63},[45,142169,73],{"class":59},[45,142171,76],{"class":63},[45,142173,141813],{"class":67},[45,142175,64],{"class":63},[45,142177,118],{"class":59},[45,142179,142180],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,142181,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,142183,142184,142186,142188,142191,142193,142195,142197,142199,142201],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,142185,125],{"class":124},[45,142187,109],{"class":59},[45,142189,142190],{"class":105},"filename1",[45,142192,102],{"class":59},[45,142194,141269],{"class":105},[45,142196,109],{"class":59},[45,142198,127540],{"class":105},[45,142200,5353],{"class":59},[45,142202,3657],{"class":137},[45,142204,142205,142207,142209,142212,142214,142216,142218,142220,142222],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,142206,125],{"class":124},[45,142208,109],{"class":59},[45,142210,142211],{"class":105},"filename2",[45,142213,102],{"class":59},[45,142215,141269],{"class":105},[45,142217,109],{"class":59},[45,142219,127540],{"class":105},[45,142221,5353],{"class":59},[45,142223,3657],{"class":137},[45,142225,142226,142228,142230,142233,142235,142237,142239,142241,142243],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,142227,125],{"class":124},[45,142229,109],{"class":59},[45,142231,142232],{"class":105},"filename3",[45,142234,102],{"class":59},[45,142236,141269],{"class":105},[45,142238,109],{"class":59},[45,142240,127540],{"class":105},[45,142242,5353],{"class":59},[45,142244,4762],{"class":137},[14,142246,142247],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142249,74610,142250,142254],{},[364,142251,126193,142252,10728],{"href":129787},[18,142253,126251],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[31,142256,123840],{"id":123839},[14,142258,142259,123651],{},[18,142260,127561],{},[14,142262,127238,142263,1301,142266,127245],{},[18,142264,142265],{},"\"Python\"",[18,142267,142268],{},"\"python\"",[36,142270,142272],{"className":38,"code":142271,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[18,142273,142274,142286,142290,142314],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142275,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142277,34669],{"class":51},[45,142279,56],{"class":55},[45,142281,76],{"class":63},[45,142283,7284],{"class":67},[45,142285,1194],{"class":63},[45,142287,142288],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,142289,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,142291,142292,142294,142296,142298,142300,142302,142304,142306,142308,142310,142312],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142293,125],{"class":124},[45,142295,109],{"class":59},[45,142297,34690],{"class":105},[45,142299,102],{"class":59},[45,142301,141269],{"class":105},[45,142303,109],{"class":59},[45,142305,64],{"class":63},[45,142307,141380],{"class":67},[45,142309,64],{"class":63},[45,142311,5353],{"class":59},[45,142313,3657],{"class":137},[45,142315,142316,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,142317,125],{"class":124},[45,142319,109],{"class":59},[45,142321,34690],{"class":105},[45,142323,102],{"class":59},[45,142325,141269],{"class":105},[45,142327,109],{"class":59},[45,142329,64],{"class":63},[45,142331,128639],{"class":67},[45,142333,64],{"class":63},[45,142335,5353],{"class":59},[45,142337,4762],{"class":137},[14,142339,127330,142340,102],{},[364,142341,142342],{"href":123920},[18,142343,123923],{},[36,142345,142347],{"className":38,"code":142346,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[18,142348,142349,142361,142365],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142350,142351,142353,142355,142357,142359],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142352,34669],{"class":51},[45,142354,56],{"class":55},[45,142356,76],{"class":63},[45,142358,7284],{"class":67},[45,142360,1194],{"class":63},[45,142362,142363],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,142364,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,142366,142367,142369,142371,142373,142375,142377,142379,142381,142383,142385,142387,142389,142391],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142368,125],{"class":124},[45,142370,109],{"class":59},[45,142372,34690],{"class":105},[45,142374,102],{"class":59},[45,142376,8624],{"class":105},[45,142378,8621],{"class":59},[45,142380,141269],{"class":105},[45,142382,109],{"class":59},[45,142384,64],{"class":63},[45,142386,128639],{"class":67},[45,142388,64],{"class":63},[45,142390,5353],{"class":59},[45,142392,3657],{"class":137},[31,142394,4952,142396],{"id":142395},"when-to-use-startswith",[18,142397,127561],{},[14,142399,142400,142402],{},[18,142401,127561],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142404,9360],{},[157,142406,142407,142410,142413,142422],{},[160,142408,142409],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[160,142411,142412],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[160,142414,142415,142416,1742,142419],{},"Validating text formats like ",[18,142417,142418],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[18,142420,142421],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[160,142423,142424],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142426,345],{},[36,142428,142430],{"className":38,"code":142429,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[18,142431,142432,142445,142449,142478],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142433,142434,142436,142438,142440,142443],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142435,127056],{"class":51},[45,142437,56],{"class":55},[45,142439,76],{"class":63},[45,142441,142442],{"class":67},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[45,142444,1194],{"class":63},[45,142446,142447],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,142448,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,142450,142451,142453,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464,142466,142468,142470,142472,142474,142476],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142452,982],{"class":969},[45,142454,142455],{"class":51}," url",[45,142457,102],{"class":59},[45,142459,141269],{"class":105},[45,142461,5501],{"class":59},[45,142463,64],{"class":63},[45,142465,142418],{"class":67},[45,142467,64],{"class":63},[45,142469,73],{"class":59},[45,142471,76],{"class":63},[45,142473,142421],{"class":67},[45,142475,64],{"class":63},[45,142477,69534],{"class":59},[45,142479,142480,142482,142484,142486,142489,142491],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,142481,8055],{"class":124},[45,142483,109],{"class":59},[45,142485,64],{"class":63},[45,142487,142488],{"class":67},"This looks like a web URL.",[45,142490,64],{"class":63},[45,142492,118],{"class":59},[31,142494,1709],{"id":1708},[14,142496,23077,142497,102],{},[18,142498,127561],{},[1864,142500,138633],{"id":142501},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142503,142504,123651],{},[18,142505,127561],{},[36,142507,142509],{"className":38,"code":142508,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[18,142510,142511,142523],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142512,142513,142515,142517,142519,142521],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142514,34669],{"class":51},[45,142516,56],{"class":55},[45,142518,76],{"class":63},[45,142520,7284],{"class":67},[45,142522,1194],{"class":63},[45,142524,142525,142527,142529,142531,142533,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,142526,125],{"class":124},[45,142528,109],{"class":59},[45,142530,34690],{"class":105},[45,142532,102],{"class":59},[45,142534,141269],{"class":105},[45,142536,109],{"class":59},[45,142538,64],{"class":63},[45,142540,40],{"class":67},[45,142542,64],{"class":63},[45,142544,5353],{"class":59},[45,142546,4762],{"class":137},[14,142548,39243],{},[36,142550,142552],{"className":38,"code":142551,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[18,142553,142554],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142555,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564,142566,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142557,125],{"class":124},[45,142559,109],{"class":59},[45,142561,34690],{"class":105},[45,142563,102],{"class":59},[45,142565,8624],{"class":105},[45,142567,8621],{"class":59},[45,142569,141269],{"class":105},[45,142571,109],{"class":59},[45,142573,64],{"class":63},[45,142575,40],{"class":67},[45,142577,64],{"class":63},[45,142579,5353],{"class":59},[45,142581,3657],{"class":137},[1864,142583,29631,142585,137115],{"id":142584},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[18,142586,127561],{},[14,142588,142589],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[36,142591,142593],{"className":38,"code":142592,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[18,142594,142595,142603,142607,142612],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142596,142597,142599,142601],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142598,1185],{"class":51},[45,142600,56],{"class":55},[45,142602,124875],{"class":202},[45,142604,142605],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,142606,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,142608,142609],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142610,142611],{"class":137},"# This will cause an error:\n",[45,142613,142614],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,142615,142616],{"class":137},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142618,39243],{},[36,142620,142622],{"className":38,"code":142621,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[18,142623,142624,142638],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142625,142626,142628,142630,142632,142634,142636],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142627,1185],{"class":51},[45,142629,56],{"class":55},[45,142631,48886],{"class":315},[45,142633,109],{"class":59},[45,142635,50228],{"class":202},[45,142637,118],{"class":59},[45,142639,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648,142650,142652,142654,142656,142658,142660],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,142641,125],{"class":124},[45,142643,109],{"class":59},[45,142645,28],{"class":105},[45,142647,102],{"class":59},[45,142649,141269],{"class":105},[45,142651,109],{"class":59},[45,142653,64],{"class":63},[45,142655,203],{"class":67},[45,142657,64],{"class":63},[45,142659,5353],{"class":59},[45,142661,3657],{"class":137},[1864,142663,37184,142665,8689,142667],{"id":142664},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[18,142666,127561],{},[18,142668,976],{},[14,142670,142671,142673],{},[18,142672,127561],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142675,142676,142677,142679,142680,102],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[18,142678,976],{}," or methods like ",[364,142681,142682],{"href":124203},[18,142683,124188],{},[36,142685,142687],{"className":38,"code":142686,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[18,142688,142689,142701,142705,142729],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142690,142691,142693,142695,142697,142699],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142692,34669],{"class":51},[45,142694,56],{"class":55},[45,142696,76],{"class":63},[45,142698,60383],{"class":67},[45,142700,1194],{"class":63},[45,142702,142703],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,142704,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,142706,142707,142709,142711,142713,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142708,125],{"class":124},[45,142710,109],{"class":59},[45,142712,34690],{"class":105},[45,142714,102],{"class":59},[45,142716,141269],{"class":105},[45,142718,109],{"class":59},[45,142720,64],{"class":63},[45,142722,60568],{"class":67},[45,142724,64],{"class":63},[45,142726,5353],{"class":59},[45,142728,4762],{"class":137},[45,142730,142731,142733,142735,142737,142739,142741,142743,142745,142747],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,142732,125],{"class":124},[45,142734,109],{"class":59},[45,142736,64],{"class":63},[45,142738,60568],{"class":67},[45,142740,64],{"class":63},[45,142742,1134],{"class":969},[45,142744,42823],{"class":105},[45,142746,3654],{"class":59},[45,142748,142749],{"class":137},"           # True\n",[14,142751,135667,142752,102],{},[364,142753,127229],{"href":123448},[1864,142755,4695,142757,1301,142759,142761],{"id":142756},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[18,142758,36054],{},[18,142760,52643],{}," use index positions",[14,142763,142764,142765,102],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[18,142766,2114],{},[36,142768,142770],{"className":38,"code":142769,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[18,142771,142772,142785,142789],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142773,142774,142776,142778,142780,142783],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142775,34669],{"class":51},[45,142777,56],{"class":55},[45,142779,76],{"class":63},[45,142781,142782],{"class":67},"abcdef",[45,142784,1194],{"class":63},[45,142786,142787],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,142788,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,142790,142791,142793,142795,142797,142799,142801,142803,142805,142808,142810,142812,142814,142816],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142792,125],{"class":124},[45,142794,109],{"class":59},[45,142796,34690],{"class":105},[45,142798,102],{"class":59},[45,142800,141269],{"class":105},[45,142802,109],{"class":59},[45,142804,64],{"class":63},[45,142806,142807],{"class":67},"cd",[45,142809,64],{"class":63},[45,142811,73],{"class":59},[45,142813,208],{"class":202},[45,142815,5353],{"class":59},[45,142817,3657],{"class":137},[1864,142819,142821],{"id":142820},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,142823,142824],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,142826,16629],{},[36,142828,142830],{"className":38,"code":142829,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[18,142831,142832],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142833,142834],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142835,142829],{"class":137},[14,142837,16641],{},[36,142839,142841],{"className":38,"code":142840,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[18,142842,142843,142855],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142844,142845,142847,142849,142851,142853],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142846,34669],{"class":51},[45,142848,56],{"class":55},[45,142850,76],{"class":63},[45,142852,7284],{"class":67},[45,142854,1194],{"class":63},[45,142856,142857,142859,142861,142863,142865,142867,142869,142871,142873,142875,142877,142879,142882,142884,142886],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,142858,125],{"class":124},[45,142860,109],{"class":59},[45,142862,34690],{"class":105},[45,142864,102],{"class":59},[45,142866,141269],{"class":105},[45,142868,5501],{"class":59},[45,142870,64],{"class":63},[45,142872,141380],{"class":67},[45,142874,64],{"class":63},[45,142876,73],{"class":59},[45,142878,76],{"class":63},[45,142880,142881],{"class":67},"Ja",[45,142883,64],{"class":63},[45,142885,51073],{"class":59},[45,142887,3657],{"class":137},[14,142889,32064],{},[36,142891,142893],{"className":38,"code":142892,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[18,142894,142895,142905,142919,142941,142967],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142896,142897,142899,142901,142903],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142898,125],{"class":124},[45,142900,109],{"class":59},[45,142902,34690],{"class":105},[45,142904,118],{"class":59},[45,142906,142907,142909,142911,142913,142915,142917],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,142908,125],{"class":124},[45,142910,109],{"class":59},[45,142912,1811],{"class":315},[45,142914,109],{"class":59},[45,142916,34690],{"class":105},[45,142918,1802],{"class":59},[45,142920,142921,142923,142925,142927,142929,142931,142933,142935,142937,142939],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142922,125],{"class":124},[45,142924,109],{"class":59},[45,142926,34690],{"class":105},[45,142928,102],{"class":59},[45,142930,141269],{"class":105},[45,142932,109],{"class":59},[45,142934,64],{"class":63},[45,142936,141380],{"class":67},[45,142938,64],{"class":63},[45,142940,1802],{"class":59},[45,142942,142943,142945,142947,142949,142951,142953,142955,142957,142959,142961,142963,142965],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,142944,125],{"class":124},[45,142946,109],{"class":59},[45,142948,34690],{"class":105},[45,142950,102],{"class":59},[45,142952,8624],{"class":105},[45,142954,8621],{"class":59},[45,142956,141269],{"class":105},[45,142958,109],{"class":59},[45,142960,64],{"class":63},[45,142962,128639],{"class":67},[45,142964,64],{"class":63},[45,142966,1802],{"class":59},[45,142968,142969,142971,142973,142975,142977,142979,142981,142983,142985,142987,142989,142991,142993,142995],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,142970,125],{"class":124},[45,142972,109],{"class":59},[45,142974,34690],{"class":105},[45,142976,102],{"class":59},[45,142978,141269],{"class":105},[45,142980,5501],{"class":59},[45,142982,64],{"class":63},[45,142984,141380],{"class":67},[45,142986,64],{"class":63},[45,142988,73],{"class":59},[45,142990,76],{"class":63},[45,142992,142881],{"class":67},[45,142994,64],{"class":63},[45,142996,2905],{"class":59},[31,142998,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,143000,175,143002,128039],{"id":143001},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[18,143003,127561],{},[14,143005,143006,143007,1742,143009,102],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[18,143008,3598],{},[18,143010,3667],{},[1864,143012,5160,143014,143016],{"id":143013},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[18,143015,127561],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,143018,143019],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[36,143021,143023],{"className":38,"code":143022,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[18,143024,143025],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143026,143027,143029,143031,143033,143035,143037,143039,143041,143043,143045,143047,143049],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143028,34690],{"class":51},[45,143030,102],{"class":59},[45,143032,141269],{"class":105},[45,143034,5501],{"class":59},[45,143036,64],{"class":63},[45,143038,364],{"class":67},[45,143040,64],{"class":63},[45,143042,73],{"class":59},[45,143044,76],{"class":63},[45,143046,373],{"class":67},[45,143048,64],{"class":63},[45,143050,1802],{"class":59},[1864,143052,14889,143054,124529],{"id":143053},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[18,143055,127561],{},[14,143057,129722],{},[1864,143059,5170,143061,1301,143063,2485],{"id":143060},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[18,143062,127561],{},[18,143064,976],{},[14,143066,143067,143069,143070,143072],{},[18,143068,127561],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[18,143071,976],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1864,143074,28310,143076,1301,143078,8689,143080,2485],{"id":143075},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[18,143077,36054],{},[18,143079,52643],{},[18,143081,127561],{},[14,143083,143084],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[31,143086,1909],{"id":1908},[157,143088,143089,143095,143101,143107,143111],{},[160,143090,143091],{},[364,143092,126193,143093,10728],{"href":129787},[18,143094,126251],{},[160,143096,143097],{},[364,143098,126193,143099,10728],{"href":124203},[18,143100,124188],{},[160,143102,143103],{},[364,143104,126193,143105,10728],{"href":123920},[18,143106,123923],{},[160,143108,143109],{},[364,143110,124592],{"href":123448},[160,143112,143113],{},[364,143114,124948],{"href":50957},[1936,143116,143117],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":143119},[143120,143122,143123,143129,143130,143132,143133,143134,143136,143146,143158],{"id":141315,"depth":96,"text":143121},"What startswith() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":141594,"depth":96,"text":141595,"children":143124},[143125,143126,143127,143128],{"id":141432,"depth":121,"text":141432},{"id":36054,"depth":121,"text":36054},{"id":52643,"depth":121,"text":52643},{"id":141761,"depth":121,"text":141762},{"id":17404,"depth":96,"text":17405},{"id":141939,"depth":96,"text":143131},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142093,"depth":96,"text":142094},{"id":123839,"depth":96,"text":123840},{"id":142395,"depth":96,"text":143135},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":143137},[143138,143139,143141,143143,143145],{"id":142501,"depth":121,"text":138633},{"id":142584,"depth":121,"text":143140},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142664,"depth":121,"text":143142},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142756,"depth":121,"text":143144},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142820,"depth":121,"text":142821},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":143147},[143148,143150,143152,143154,143156],{"id":143001,"depth":121,"text":143149},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143013,"depth":121,"text":143151},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143053,"depth":121,"text":143153},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143060,"depth":121,"text":143155},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143075,"depth":121,"text":143157},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141215,"description":143159},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143166,"title":143167,"body":143168,"description":144622,"extension":1958,"meta":144623,"navigation":241,"path":144624,"seo":144625,"stem":144626,"__hash__":144627},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143169,"toc":144592},[143170,143175,143180,143183,143185,143229,143231,143239,143244,143249,143254,143256,143274,143276,143322,143324,143338,143347,143351,143353,143355,143367,143372,143375,143407,143409,143418,143423,143426,143467,143469,143477,143479,143492,143498,143502,143505,143521,143523,143572,143574,143583,143586,143645,143647,143656,143663,143666,143719,143721,143745,143752,143758,143762,143768,143771,143782,143784,143824,143826,143834,143836,143876,143878,143887,143889,143907,143910,143917,143928,143931,143948,143950,144027,144029,144060,144063,144065,144068,144094,144096,144136,144138,144147,144157,144165,144173,144178,144183,144185,144199,144201,144252,144254,144263,144273,144275,144277,144299,144302,144381,144383,144419,144422,144497,144502,144504,144510,144515,144520,144523,144529,144532,144539,144547,144551,144559,144561,144589],[10,143171,123193,143173,11311],{"id":143172},"python-string-strip-method",[18,143174,41634],{},[14,143176,32298,143177,143179],{},[18,143178,41634],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143181,143182],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[31,143184,3603],{"id":3602},[36,143186,143188],{"className":38,"code":143187,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[18,143189,143190,143203,143218],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143191,143192,143194,143196,143198,143201],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143193,34669],{"class":51},[45,143195,56],{"class":55},[45,143197,76],{"class":63},[45,143199,143200],{"class":67},"  hello  ",[45,143202,1194],{"class":63},[45,143204,143205,143208,143210,143212,143214,143216],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,143206,143207],{"class":51},"clean_text ",[45,143209,56],{"class":55},[45,143211,42823],{"class":51},[45,143213,102],{"class":59},[45,143215,8618],{"class":105},[45,143217,8627],{"class":59},[45,143219,143220,143222,143224,143227],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143221,125],{"class":124},[45,143223,109],{"class":59},[45,143225,143226],{"class":105},"clean_text",[45,143228,118],{"class":59},[14,143230,268],{},[36,143232,143233],{"className":38,"code":138508,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,143234,143235],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143236,143237],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143238,138508],{"class":51},[14,143240,141,143241,143243],{},[18,143242,41634],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[31,143245,3671,143247,3674],{"id":143246},"what-strip-does",[18,143248,41634],{},[14,143250,143251,143253],{},[18,143252,41634],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143255,13039],{},[157,143257,143258,143262,143265,143268,143271],{},[160,143259,143260,131543],{},[18,143261,41634],{},[160,143263,143264],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[160,143266,143267],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[160,143269,143270],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[160,143272,143273],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143275,345],{},[36,143277,143279],{"className":38,"code":143278,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[18,143280,143281,143294,143298,143312],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143282,143283,143285,143287,143289,143292],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143284,34669],{"class":51},[45,143286,56],{"class":55},[45,143288,76],{"class":63},[45,143290,143291],{"class":67},"  hello world  ",[45,143293,1194],{"class":63},[45,143295,143296],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,143297,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,143299,143300,143302,143304,143306,143308,143310],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143301,125],{"class":124},[45,143303,109],{"class":59},[45,143305,34690],{"class":105},[45,143307,102],{"class":59},[45,143309,8618],{"class":105},[45,143311,7181],{"class":59},[45,143313,143314,143316,143318,143320],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,143315,125],{"class":124},[45,143317,109],{"class":59},[45,143319,34690],{"class":105},[45,143321,118],{"class":59},[14,143323,268],{},[36,143325,143327],{"className":38,"code":143326,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[18,143328,143329,143333],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143330,143331],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143332,134209],{"class":51},[45,143334,143335],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,143336,143337],{"class":51},"  hello world\n",[14,143339,143340,143341,143343,143344,143346],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[18,143342,41634],{},", but the original ",[18,143345,34690],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143348,124945,143349,102],{},[364,143350,124948],{"href":50957},[31,143352,2153],{"id":2152},[14,143354,26469],{},[157,143356,143357,143362],{},[160,143358,143359],{},[18,143360,143361],{},"string.strip()",[160,143363,143364],{},[18,143365,143366],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1864,143368,143370],{"id":143369},"stringstrip",[18,143371,143361],{},[14,143373,143374],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[36,143376,143378],{"className":38,"code":143377,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[18,143379,143380,143393],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143381,143382,143384,143386,143388,143391],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143383,7862],{"class":51},[45,143385,56],{"class":55},[45,143387,76],{"class":63},[45,143389,143390],{"class":67},"  Alice  ",[45,143392,1194],{"class":63},[45,143394,143395,143397,143399,143401,143403,143405],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,143396,125],{"class":124},[45,143398,109],{"class":59},[45,143400,7656],{"class":105},[45,143402,102],{"class":59},[45,143404,8618],{"class":105},[45,143406,7181],{"class":59},[14,143408,268],{},[36,143410,143412],{"className":38,"code":143411,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Alice\n",[18,143413,143414],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143415,143416],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143417,143411],{"class":51},[1864,143419,143421],{"id":143420},"stringstripchars",[18,143422,143366],{},[14,143424,143425],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[36,143427,143429],{"className":38,"code":143428,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143430,143431,143444],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143432,143433,143435,143437,143439,143442],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143434,34669],{"class":51},[45,143436,56],{"class":55},[45,143438,76],{"class":63},[45,143440,143441],{"class":67},"!!hello??",[45,143443,1194],{"class":63},[45,143445,143446,143448,143450,143452,143454,143456,143458,143460,143463,143465],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,143447,125],{"class":124},[45,143449,109],{"class":59},[45,143451,34690],{"class":105},[45,143453,102],{"class":59},[45,143455,8618],{"class":105},[45,143457,109],{"class":59},[45,143459,64],{"class":63},[45,143461,143462],{"class":67},"!?",[45,143464,64],{"class":63},[45,143466,1802],{"class":59},[14,143468,268],{},[36,143470,143471],{"className":38,"code":138508,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,143472,143473],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143474,143475],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143476,138508],{"class":51},[14,143478,83659],{},[157,143480,143481,143486],{},[160,143482,143483,143485],{},[18,143484,134452],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[160,143487,143488,143489,143491],{},"The order of characters in ",[18,143490,134452],{}," does not matter",[31,143493,143495,143496],{"id":143494},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[18,143497,41634],{},[14,143499,30866,143500,102],{},[18,143501,41634],{},[14,143503,143504],{},"It is useful for:",[157,143506,143507,143512,143515,143518],{},[160,143508,143509,143510,3877],{},"Cleaning ",[18,143511,2951],{},[160,143513,143514],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[160,143516,143517],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[160,143519,143520],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143522,48343],{},[36,143524,143526],{"className":38,"code":143525,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[18,143527,143528,143541,143557,143561],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143529,143530,143532,143534,143536,143539],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143531,7947],{"class":51},[45,143533,56],{"class":55},[45,143535,76],{"class":63},[45,143537,143538],{"class":67},"  sam  ",[45,143540,1194],{"class":63},[45,143542,143543,143546,143548,143551,143553,143555],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,143544,143545],{"class":51},"clean_username ",[45,143547,56],{"class":55},[45,143549,143550],{"class":51}," username",[45,143552,102],{"class":59},[45,143554,8618],{"class":105},[45,143556,8627],{"class":59},[45,143558,143559],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143560,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,143562,143563,143565,143567,143570],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,143564,125],{"class":124},[45,143566,109],{"class":59},[45,143568,143569],{"class":105},"clean_username",[45,143571,118],{"class":59},[14,143573,268],{},[36,143575,143577],{"className":38,"code":143576,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"sam\n",[18,143578,143579],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143580,143581],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143582,143576],{"class":51},[14,143584,143585],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[36,143587,143589],{"className":38,"code":143588,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,143590,143591,143604,143608,143630],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143592,143593,143595,143597,143599,143602],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143594,136436],{"class":51},[45,143596,56],{"class":55},[45,143598,76],{"class":63},[45,143600,143601],{"class":67}," yes  ",[45,143603,1194],{"class":63},[45,143605,143606],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,143607,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,143609,143610,143612,143614,143616,143618,143620,143622,143624,143626,143628],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143611,982],{"class":969},[45,143613,136456],{"class":51},[45,143615,102],{"class":59},[45,143617,8618],{"class":105},[45,143619,7353],{"class":59},[45,143621,6395],{"class":55},[45,143623,76],{"class":63},[45,143625,8642],{"class":67},[45,143627,64],{"class":63},[45,143629,1213],{"class":59},[45,143631,143632,143634,143636,143638,143641,143643],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,143633,8055],{"class":124},[45,143635,109],{"class":59},[45,143637,64],{"class":63},[45,143639,143640],{"class":67},"Matched",[45,143642,64],{"class":63},[45,143644,118],{"class":59},[14,143646,268],{},[36,143648,143650],{"className":38,"code":143649,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Matched\n",[18,143651,143652],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143653,143654],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143655,143649],{"class":51},[14,143657,143658,143659,102],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[364,143660,143662],{"href":143661},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143664,143665],{},"Example with file-style text:",[36,143667,143669],{"className":38,"code":143668,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[18,143670,143671,143687,143701],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143672,143673,143676,143678,143680,143683,143685],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143674,143675],{"class":51},"line ",[45,143677,56],{"class":55},[45,143679,76],{"class":63},[45,143681,143682],{"class":67},"Python basics",[45,143684,86991],{"class":34434},[45,143686,1194],{"class":63},[45,143688,143689,143691,143693,143695,143697,143699],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,143690,125],{"class":124},[45,143692,109],{"class":59},[45,143694,41760],{"class":124},[45,143696,109],{"class":59},[45,143698,47],{"class":105},[45,143700,1802],{"class":59},[45,143702,143703,143705,143707,143709,143711,143713,143715,143717],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143704,125],{"class":124},[45,143706,109],{"class":59},[45,143708,41760],{"class":124},[45,143710,109],{"class":59},[45,143712,47],{"class":105},[45,143714,102],{"class":59},[45,143716,8618],{"class":105},[45,143718,6277],{"class":59},[14,143720,268],{},[36,143722,143724],{"className":38,"code":143723,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[18,143725,143726,143737],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143727,143728,143730,143732,143735],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143729,429],{"class":43310},[45,143731,143682],{"class":43314},[45,143733,86991],{"class":143734},"sfi6f",[45,143736,29681],{"class":43310},[45,143738,143739,143741,143743],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,143740,429],{"class":43310},[45,143742,143682],{"class":43314},[45,143744,29681],{"class":43310},[14,143746,1736,143747,143749,143750,102],{},[18,143748,122407],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[18,143751,86991],{},[14,143753,143754,143755,102],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[364,143756,143757],{"href":87644},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[31,143759,143761],{"id":143760},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143763,143764,143765,102],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[18,143766,143767],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143769,143770],{},"Python will:",[157,143772,143773,143776,143779],{},[160,143774,143775],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[160,143777,143778],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[160,143780,143781],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,143783,345],{},[36,143785,143787],{"className":38,"code":143786,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143788,143789,143802],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143790,143791,143793,143795,143797,143800],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143792,34669],{"class":51},[45,143794,56],{"class":55},[45,143796,76],{"class":63},[45,143798,143799],{"class":67},"??hello!!",[45,143801,1194],{"class":63},[45,143803,143804,143806,143808,143810,143812,143814,143816,143818,143820,143822],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,143805,125],{"class":124},[45,143807,109],{"class":59},[45,143809,34690],{"class":105},[45,143811,102],{"class":59},[45,143813,8618],{"class":105},[45,143815,109],{"class":59},[45,143817,64],{"class":63},[45,143819,143462],{"class":67},[45,143821,64],{"class":63},[45,143823,1802],{"class":59},[14,143825,268],{},[36,143827,143828],{"className":38,"code":138508,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,143829,143830],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143831,143832],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143833,138508],{"class":51},[14,143835,52062],{},[36,143837,143839],{"className":38,"code":143838,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[18,143840,143841,143854],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143842,143843,143845,143847,143849,143852],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143844,34669],{"class":51},[45,143846,56],{"class":55},[45,143848,76],{"class":63},[45,143850,143851],{"class":67},"abcHelloCba",[45,143853,1194],{"class":63},[45,143855,143856,143858,143860,143862,143864,143866,143868,143870,143872,143874],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,143857,125],{"class":124},[45,143859,109],{"class":59},[45,143861,34690],{"class":105},[45,143863,102],{"class":59},[45,143865,8618],{"class":105},[45,143867,109],{"class":59},[45,143869,64],{"class":63},[45,143871,41541],{"class":67},[45,143873,64],{"class":63},[45,143875,1802],{"class":59},[14,143877,268],{},[36,143879,143881],{"className":38,"code":143880,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"HelloC\n",[18,143882,143883],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143884,143885],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143886,143880],{"class":51},[14,143888,6222],{},[14,143890,143891,14039,143894,143896,143897,143899,143900,2185,143902,2189,143904,143906],{},[18,143892,143893],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[26,143895,178],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[18,143898,41541],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[18,143901,364],{},[18,143903,373],{},[18,143905,382],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,143908,143909],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,143911,143912,143913,6618],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[364,143914,143915],{"href":129774},[18,143916,124364],{},[31,143918,143920,10572,143922,10572,143925],{"id":143919},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[18,143921,41634],{},[18,143923,143924],{},"lstrip()",[18,143926,143927],{},"rstrip()",[14,143929,143930],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[157,143932,143933,143938,143943],{},[160,143934,143935,143937],{},[18,143936,41634],{}," removes from both ends",[160,143939,143940,143942],{},[18,143941,143924],{}," removes from the left side only",[160,143944,143945,143947],{},[18,143946,143927],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,143949,345],{},[36,143951,143953],{"className":38,"code":143952,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[18,143954,143955,143967,143971,143989,144008],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143956,143957,143959,143961,143963,143965],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143958,34669],{"class":51},[45,143960,56],{"class":55},[45,143962,76],{"class":63},[45,143964,143200],{"class":67},[45,143966,1194],{"class":63},[45,143968,143969],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,143970,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,143972,143973,143975,143977,143979,143981,143983,143985,143987],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143974,125],{"class":124},[45,143976,109],{"class":59},[45,143978,41760],{"class":124},[45,143980,109],{"class":59},[45,143982,34690],{"class":105},[45,143984,102],{"class":59},[45,143986,8618],{"class":105},[45,143988,6277],{"class":59},[45,143990,143991,143993,143995,143997,143999,144001,144003,144006],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,143992,125],{"class":124},[45,143994,109],{"class":59},[45,143996,41760],{"class":124},[45,143998,109],{"class":59},[45,144000,34690],{"class":105},[45,144002,102],{"class":59},[45,144004,144005],{"class":105},"lstrip",[45,144007,6277],{"class":59},[45,144009,144010,144012,144014,144016,144018,144020,144022,144025],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,144011,125],{"class":124},[45,144013,109],{"class":59},[45,144015,41760],{"class":124},[45,144017,109],{"class":59},[45,144019,34690],{"class":105},[45,144021,102],{"class":59},[45,144023,144024],{"class":105},"rstrip",[45,144026,6277],{"class":59},[14,144028,268],{},[36,144030,144032],{"className":38,"code":144031,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[18,144033,144034,144042,144051],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144035,144036,144038,144040],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144037,429],{"class":43310},[45,144039,3839],{"class":43314},[45,144041,29681],{"class":43310},[45,144043,144044,144046,144049],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,144045,429],{"class":43310},[45,144047,144048],{"class":43314},"hello  ",[45,144050,29681],{"class":43310},[45,144052,144053,144055,144058],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144054,429],{"class":43310},[45,144056,144057],{"class":43314},"  hello",[45,144059,29681],{"class":43310},[14,144061,144062],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[31,144064,108201],{"id":108200},[14,144066,144067],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[157,144069,144070,144078,144088,144091],{},[160,144071,144072,144074,144075,144077],{},[18,144073,143893],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[18,144076,41510],{}," once",[160,144079,144080,144081,2185,144083,2189,144085,144087],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[18,144082,364],{},[18,144084,373],{},[18,144086,382],{}," from both ends",[160,144089,144090],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[160,144092,144093],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,144095,345],{},[36,144097,144099],{"className":38,"code":144098,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[18,144100,144101,144114],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144102,144103,144105,144107,144109,144112],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144104,126276],{"class":51},[45,144106,56],{"class":55},[45,144108,76],{"class":63},[45,144110,144111],{"class":67},"txt_report.txt",[45,144113,1194],{"class":63},[45,144115,144116,144118,144120,144122,144124,144126,144128,144130,144132,144134],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,144117,125],{"class":124},[45,144119,109],{"class":59},[45,144121,126294],{"class":105},[45,144123,102],{"class":59},[45,144125,8618],{"class":105},[45,144127,109],{"class":59},[45,144129,64],{"class":63},[45,144131,126329],{"class":67},[45,144133,64],{"class":63},[45,144135,1802],{"class":59},[14,144137,268],{},[36,144139,144141],{"className":38,"code":144140,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"_report\n",[18,144142,144143],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144144,144145],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144146,144140],{"class":51},[14,144148,144149,144150,2185,144152,2189,144154,144156],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[18,144151,102],{},[18,144153,63264],{},[18,144155,1123],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144158,53636,144159,4774,144162,144164],{},[18,144160,144161],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[26,144163,178],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144166,144167,144168,144172],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[364,144169,144170],{"href":129774},[18,144171,124364],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[31,144174,4952,144176],{"id":144175},"when-to-use-strip",[18,144177,41634],{},[14,144179,141,144180,144182],{},[18,144181,41634],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144184,36406],{},[157,144186,144187,144191,144193,144196],{},[160,144188,143509,144189,3877],{},[18,144190,2951],{},[160,144192,143514],{},[160,144194,144195],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[160,144197,144198],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144200,345],{},[36,144202,144204],{"className":38,"code":144203,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[18,144205,144206,144220,144224,144237],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144207,144208,144211,144213,144215,144218],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144209,144210],{"class":51},"email ",[45,144212,56],{"class":55},[45,144214,76],{"class":63},[45,144216,144217],{"class":67},"  user@example.com  ",[45,144219,1194],{"class":63},[45,144221,144222],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,144223,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,144225,144226,144228,144231,144233,144235],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144227,982],{"class":969},[45,144229,144230],{"class":51}," email",[45,144232,102],{"class":59},[45,144234,8618],{"class":105},[45,144236,21579],{"class":59},[45,144238,144239,144241,144243,144245,144248,144250],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,144240,8055],{"class":124},[45,144242,109],{"class":59},[45,144244,64],{"class":63},[45,144246,144247],{"class":67},"Email was entered",[45,144249,64],{"class":63},[45,144251,118],{"class":59},[14,144253,268],{},[36,144255,144257],{"className":38,"code":144256,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Email was entered\n",[18,144258,144259],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144260,144261],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144262,144256],{"class":51},[14,144264,144265,144266,144268,144269,102],{},"You may also combine ",[18,144267,41634],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[364,144270,144271],{"href":123920},[18,144272,123923],{},[31,144274,1709],{"id":1708},[14,144276,84078],{},[157,144278,144279,144283,144288,144293],{},[160,144280,1722,144281,131413],{},[18,144282,41634],{},[160,144284,1722,144285,144287],{},[18,144286,41634],{}," to remove text from the middle",[160,144289,1736,144290,144292],{},[18,144291,144161],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[160,144294,4695,144295,144298],{},[18,144296,144297],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144300,144301],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[36,144303,144305],{"className":38,"code":144304,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[18,144306,144307,144321,144325,144335,144349,144363],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144308,144309,144311,144313,144315,144317,144319],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144310,34669],{"class":51},[45,144312,56],{"class":55},[45,144314,76],{"class":63},[45,144316,144057],{"class":67},[45,144318,86991],{"class":34434},[45,144320,1194],{"class":63},[45,144322,144323],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,144324,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,144326,144327,144329,144331,144333],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144328,125],{"class":124},[45,144330,109],{"class":59},[45,144332,34690],{"class":105},[45,144334,118],{"class":59},[45,144336,144337,144339,144341,144343,144345,144347],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,144338,125],{"class":124},[45,144340,109],{"class":59},[45,144342,41760],{"class":124},[45,144344,109],{"class":59},[45,144346,34690],{"class":105},[45,144348,1802],{"class":59},[45,144350,144351,144353,144355,144357,144359,144361],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,144352,125],{"class":124},[45,144354,109],{"class":59},[45,144356,34690],{"class":105},[45,144358,102],{"class":59},[45,144360,8618],{"class":105},[45,144362,7181],{"class":59},[45,144364,144365,144367,144369,144371,144373,144375,144377,144379],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,144366,125],{"class":124},[45,144368,109],{"class":59},[45,144370,41760],{"class":124},[45,144372,109],{"class":59},[45,144374,34690],{"class":105},[45,144376,102],{"class":59},[45,144378,8618],{"class":105},[45,144380,6277],{"class":59},[14,144382,268],{},[36,144384,144386],{"className":38,"code":144385,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[18,144387,144388,144393,144397,144407,144411],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144389,144390],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144391,144392],{"class":51},"  hello\n",[45,144394,144395],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,144396,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,144398,144399,144401,144403,144405],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144400,429],{"class":43310},[45,144402,144057],{"class":43314},[45,144404,86991],{"class":143734},[45,144406,29681],{"class":43310},[45,144408,144409],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,144410,138508],{"class":51},[45,144412,144413,144415,144417],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,144414,429],{"class":43310},[45,144416,3839],{"class":43314},[45,144418,29681],{"class":43310},[14,144420,144421],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[36,144423,144425],{"className":38,"code":144424,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[18,144426,144427,144437,144451,144465,144483],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144428,144429,144431,144433,144435],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144430,125],{"class":124},[45,144432,109],{"class":59},[45,144434,34690],{"class":105},[45,144436,118],{"class":59},[45,144438,144439,144441,144443,144445,144447,144449],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,144440,125],{"class":124},[45,144442,109],{"class":59},[45,144444,41760],{"class":124},[45,144446,109],{"class":59},[45,144448,34690],{"class":105},[45,144450,1802],{"class":59},[45,144452,144453,144455,144457,144459,144461,144463],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144454,125],{"class":124},[45,144456,109],{"class":59},[45,144458,34690],{"class":105},[45,144460,102],{"class":59},[45,144462,8618],{"class":105},[45,144464,7181],{"class":59},[45,144466,144467,144469,144471,144473,144475,144477,144479,144481],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,144468,125],{"class":124},[45,144470,109],{"class":59},[45,144472,41760],{"class":124},[45,144474,109],{"class":59},[45,144476,34690],{"class":105},[45,144478,102],{"class":59},[45,144480,8618],{"class":105},[45,144482,6277],{"class":59},[45,144484,144485,144487,144489,144491,144493,144495],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,144486,1822],{"class":124},[45,144488,109],{"class":59},[45,144490,3436],{"class":315},[45,144492,102],{"class":59},[45,144494,8618],{"class":1831},[45,144496,118],{"class":59},[14,144498,144499,144501],{},[18,144500,122407],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[31,144503,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,144505,175,144507,144509],{"id":144506},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[18,144508,41634],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144511,46346,144512,144514],{},[18,144513,41634],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1864,144516,175,144518,124520],{"id":144517},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[18,144519,41634],{},[14,144521,144522],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1864,144524,5133,144526,144528],{"id":144525},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[18,144527,41634],{}," remove by default?",[14,144530,144531],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1864,144533,34186,144535,34189,144537,2485],{"id":144534},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[18,144536,41634],{},[18,144538,124364],{},[14,144540,144541,144543,144544,144546],{},[18,144542,41634],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[18,144545,124364],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1864,144548,144550],{"id":144549},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144552,128066,144553,144555,144556,144558],{},[18,144554,143924],{}," for the left side and ",[18,144557,143927],{}," for the right side.",[31,144560,1909],{"id":1908},[157,144562,144563,144569,144575,144580,144585],{},[160,144564,144565],{},[364,144566,126193,144567,10728],{"href":123920},[18,144568,123923],{},[160,144570,144571],{},[364,144572,126193,144573,10728],{"href":129774},[18,144574,124364],{},[160,144576,144577],{},[364,144578,144579],{"href":143661},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[160,144581,144582],{},[364,144583,144584],{"href":87644},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[160,144586,144587],{},[364,144588,124948],{"href":50957},[1936,144590,144591],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":144593},[144594,144595,144597,144601,144603,144604,144606,144607,144609,144610,144621],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":143246,"depth":96,"text":144596},"What strip() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153,"children":144598},[144599,144600],{"id":143369,"depth":121,"text":143361},{"id":143420,"depth":121,"text":143366},{"id":143494,"depth":96,"text":144602},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143760,"depth":96,"text":143761},{"id":143919,"depth":96,"text":144605},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108200,"depth":96,"text":108201},{"id":144175,"depth":96,"text":144608},"When to use strip()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":144611},[144612,144614,144616,144618,144620],{"id":144506,"depth":121,"text":144613},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144517,"depth":121,"text":144615},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144525,"depth":121,"text":144617},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144534,"depth":121,"text":144619},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144549,"depth":121,"text":144550},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143167,"description":144622},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144629,"title":144630,"body":144631,"description":145811,"extension":1958,"meta":145812,"navigation":241,"path":145813,"seo":145814,"stem":145815,"__hash__":145816},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144632,"toc":145781},[144633,144638,144643,144648,144650,144696,144704,144709,144723,144729,144731,144733,144748,144750,144760,144763,144794,144797,144820,144822,144825,144882,144884,144898,144900,144914,144920,144925,144928,144969,144971,144980,144988,144991,145036,145038,145047,145050,145054,145059,145073,145075,145107,145109,145129,145132,145137,145142,145144,145155,145158,145215,145217,145225,145234,145236,145238,145244,145246,145283,145285,145293,145295,145336,145338,145347,145352,145357,145359,145386,145393,145396,145427,145429,145438,145444,145453,145484,145486,145498,145511,145515,145520,145550,145552,145619,145621,145631,145633,145638,145641,145646,145651,145655,145661,145667,145670,145672,145730,145732,145740,145742,145778],[10,144634,123193,144636,11311],{"id":144635},"python-string-upper-method",[18,144637,128071],{},[14,144639,123198,144640,144642],{},[18,144641,128071],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144644,84455,144645,144647],{},[18,144646,128071],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[31,144649,34],{"id":33},[36,144651,144653],{"className":38,"code":144652,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[18,144654,144655,144667,144681,144691],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144656,144657,144659,144661,144663,144665],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144658,34669],{"class":51},[45,144660,56],{"class":55},[45,144662,76],{"class":63},[45,144664,128912],{"class":67},[45,144666,1194],{"class":63},[45,144668,144669,144671,144673,144675,144677,144679],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,144670,220],{"class":51},[45,144672,56],{"class":55},[45,144674,42823],{"class":51},[45,144676,102],{"class":59},[45,144678,34459],{"class":105},[45,144680,8627],{"class":59},[45,144682,144683,144685,144687,144689],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144684,125],{"class":124},[45,144686,109],{"class":59},[45,144688,263],{"class":105},[45,144690,118],{"class":59},[45,144692,144693],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,144694,144695],{"class":137},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144697,144698,144700,144701,144703],{},[18,144699,128071],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[26,144702,178],{}," change the original string in place.",[31,144705,3671,144707,3674],{"id":144706},"what-upper-does",[18,144708,128071],{},[157,144710,144711,144716,144719,144721],{},[160,144712,144713,144715],{},[18,144714,128071],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[160,144717,144718],{},"It works on string values only",[160,144720,133441],{},[160,144722,136159],{},[14,144724,124945,144725,1742,144727,102],{},[364,144726,136165],{"href":136164},[364,144728,124948],{"href":50957},[31,144730,2153],{"id":2152},[14,144732,2156],{},[36,144734,144736],{"className":38,"code":144735,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.upper()\n",[18,144737,144738],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144739,144740,144742,144744,144746],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144741,61151],{"class":51},[45,144743,102],{"class":59},[45,144745,34459],{"class":105},[45,144747,8627],{"class":59},[14,144749,11447],{},[157,144751,144752,144754,144757],{},[160,144753,97366],{},[160,144755,144756],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[160,144758,144759],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144761,144762],{},"Example with a variable:",[36,144764,144766],{"className":38,"code":144765,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[18,144767,144768,144780],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144769,144770,144772,144774,144776,144778],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144771,7862],{"class":51},[45,144773,56],{"class":55},[45,144775,76],{"class":63},[45,144777,40],{"class":67},[45,144779,1194],{"class":63},[45,144781,144782,144784,144786,144788,144790,144792],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,144783,125],{"class":124},[45,144785,109],{"class":59},[45,144787,7656],{"class":105},[45,144789,102],{"class":59},[45,144791,34459],{"class":105},[45,144793,7181],{"class":59},[14,144795,144796],{},"Example with a string literal:",[36,144798,144800],{"className":38,"code":144799,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[18,144801,144802],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144803,144804,144806,144808,144810,144812,144814,144816,144818],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144805,125],{"class":124},[45,144807,109],{"class":59},[45,144809,64],{"class":63},[45,144811,3839],{"class":67},[45,144813,64],{"class":63},[45,144815,102],{"class":59},[45,144817,34459],{"class":105},[45,144819,7181],{"class":59},[31,144821,11464],{"id":11463},[14,144823,144824],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[36,144826,144828],{"className":38,"code":144827,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[18,144829,144830,144842,144857,144861,144871],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144831,144832,144834,144836,144838,144840],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144833,6141],{"class":51},[45,144835,56],{"class":55},[45,144837,76],{"class":63},[45,144839,79],{"class":67},[45,144841,1194],{"class":63},[45,144843,144844,144847,144849,144851,144853,144855],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,144845,144846],{"class":51},"uppercase_word ",[45,144848,56],{"class":55},[45,144850,38362],{"class":51},[45,144852,102],{"class":59},[45,144854,34459],{"class":105},[45,144856,8627],{"class":59},[45,144858,144859],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144860,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,144862,144863,144865,144867,144869],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,144864,125],{"class":124},[45,144866,109],{"class":59},[45,144868,38372],{"class":105},[45,144870,118],{"class":59},[45,144872,144873,144875,144877,144880],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,144874,125],{"class":124},[45,144876,109],{"class":59},[45,144878,144879],{"class":105},"uppercase_word",[45,144881,118],{"class":59},[14,144883,268],{},[36,144885,144887],{"className":38,"code":144886,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"banana\nBANANA\n",[18,144888,144889,144893],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144890,144891],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144892,1548],{"class":51},[45,144894,144895],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,144896,144897],{"class":34434},"BANANA\n",[14,144899,112307],{},[157,144901,144902,144907],{},[160,144903,144904,144906],{},[18,144905,38372],{}," keeps its original value",[160,144908,144909,144911,144912],{},[18,144910,144879],{}," stores the returned value from ",[18,144913,128071],{},[31,144915,144917,144919],{"id":144916},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[18,144918,128071],{}," does not change the original string",[14,144921,136825,144922,144924],{},[26,144923,136828],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,144926,144927],{},"So this method:",[36,144929,144931],{"className":38,"code":144930,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,144932,144933,144945,144955,144959],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144934,144935,144937,144939,144941,144943],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144936,7862],{"class":51},[45,144938,56],{"class":55},[45,144940,76],{"class":63},[45,144942,17788],{"class":67},[45,144944,1194],{"class":63},[45,144946,144947,144949,144951,144953],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,144948,7656],{"class":51},[45,144950,102],{"class":59},[45,144952,34459],{"class":105},[45,144954,8627],{"class":59},[45,144956,144957],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144958,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,144960,144961,144963,144965,144967],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,144962,125],{"class":124},[45,144964,109],{"class":59},[45,144966,7656],{"class":105},[45,144968,118],{"class":59},[14,144970,268],{},[36,144972,144974],{"className":38,"code":144973,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"alice\n",[18,144975,144976],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144977,144978],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144979,144973],{"class":51},[14,144981,20964,144982,144984,144985,144987],{},[18,144983,128071],{}," was called, ",[18,144986,7656],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,144989,144990],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[36,144992,144994],{"className":38,"code":144993,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,144995,144996,145008,145022,145026],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144997,144998,145000,145002,145004,145006],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144999,7862],{"class":51},[45,145001,56],{"class":55},[45,145003,76],{"class":63},[45,145005,17788],{"class":67},[45,145007,1194],{"class":63},[45,145009,145010,145012,145014,145016,145018,145020],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,145011,7862],{"class":51},[45,145013,56],{"class":55},[45,145015,35973],{"class":51},[45,145017,102],{"class":59},[45,145019,34459],{"class":105},[45,145021,8627],{"class":59},[45,145023,145024],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145025,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,145027,145028,145030,145032,145034],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,145029,125],{"class":124},[45,145031,109],{"class":59},[45,145033,7656],{"class":105},[45,145035,118],{"class":59},[14,145037,268],{},[36,145039,145041],{"className":38,"code":145040,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ALICE\n",[18,145042,145043],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145044,145045],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145046,145040],{"class":34434},[14,145048,145049],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[31,145051,145053],{"id":145052},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,145055,145056,145058],{},[18,145057,128071],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[157,145060,145061,145064,145067,145070],{},[160,145062,145063],{},"Numbers stay the same",[160,145065,145066],{},"Spaces stay the same",[160,145068,145069],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[160,145071,145072],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,145074,345],{},[36,145076,145078],{"className":38,"code":145077,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145079,145080,145093],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145081,145082,145084,145086,145088,145091],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145083,34669],{"class":51},[45,145085,56],{"class":55},[45,145087,76],{"class":63},[45,145089,145090],{"class":67},"Room 7, table #3!",[45,145092,1194],{"class":63},[45,145094,145095,145097,145099,145101,145103,145105],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,145096,125],{"class":124},[45,145098,109],{"class":59},[45,145100,34690],{"class":105},[45,145102,102],{"class":59},[45,145104,34459],{"class":105},[45,145106,7181],{"class":59},[14,145108,268],{},[36,145110,145112],{"className":38,"code":145111,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[18,145113,145114],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145115,145116,145119,145121,145123,145126],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145117,145118],{"class":34434},"ROOM",[45,145120,5980],{"class":202},[45,145122,73],{"class":59},[45,145124,145125],{"class":34434}," TABLE",[45,145127,145128],{"class":137}," #3!\n",[14,145130,145131],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[31,145133,4952,145135],{"id":145134},"when-to-use-upper",[18,145136,128071],{},[14,145138,145139,145141],{},[18,145140,128071],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145143,48321],{},[157,145145,145146,145149,145152],{},[160,145147,145148],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[160,145150,145151],{},"Format labels or headings",[160,145153,145154],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145156,145157],{},"Example: simple comparison",[36,145159,145161],{"className":38,"code":145160,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,145162,145163,145175,145179,145201],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145164,145165,145167,145169,145171,145173],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145166,136436],{"class":51},[45,145168,56],{"class":55},[45,145170,76],{"class":63},[45,145172,8642],{"class":67},[45,145174,1194],{"class":63},[45,145176,145177],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,145178,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,145180,145181,145183,145185,145187,145189,145191,145193,145195,145197,145199],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145182,982],{"class":969},[45,145184,136456],{"class":51},[45,145186,102],{"class":59},[45,145188,34459],{"class":105},[45,145190,7353],{"class":59},[45,145192,6395],{"class":55},[45,145194,76],{"class":63},[45,145196,136443],{"class":67},[45,145198,64],{"class":63},[45,145200,1213],{"class":59},[45,145202,145203,145205,145207,145209,145211,145213],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,145204,8055],{"class":124},[45,145206,109],{"class":59},[45,145208,64],{"class":63},[45,145210,143640],{"class":67},[45,145212,64],{"class":63},[45,145214,118],{"class":59},[14,145216,268],{},[36,145218,145219],{"className":38,"code":143649,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,145220,145221],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145222,145223],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145224,143649],{"class":51},[14,145226,145227,145228,2185,145230,2189,145232,102],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[18,145229,8642],{},[18,145231,137229],{},[18,145233,136443],{},[31,145235,1709],{"id":1708},[1864,145237,95727],{"id":95726},[14,145239,8102,145240,145243],{},[18,145241,145242],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145245,16629],{},[36,145247,145249],{"className":38,"code":145248,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145250,145251,145263,145273],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145252,145253,145255,145257,145259,145261],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145254,34669],{"class":51},[45,145256,56],{"class":55},[45,145258,76],{"class":63},[45,145260,3839],{"class":67},[45,145262,1194],{"class":63},[45,145264,145265,145267,145269,145271],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,145266,34690],{"class":51},[45,145268,102],{"class":59},[45,145270,34459],{"class":105},[45,145272,8627],{"class":59},[45,145274,145275,145277,145279,145281],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145276,125],{"class":124},[45,145278,109],{"class":59},[45,145280,34690],{"class":105},[45,145282,118],{"class":59},[14,145284,268],{},[36,145286,145287],{"className":38,"code":138508,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,145288,145289],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145290,145291],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145292,138508],{"class":51},[14,145294,16641],{},[36,145296,145298],{"className":38,"code":145297,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145299,145300,145312,145326],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145301,145302,145304,145306,145308,145310],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145303,34669],{"class":51},[45,145305,56],{"class":55},[45,145307,76],{"class":63},[45,145309,3839],{"class":67},[45,145311,1194],{"class":63},[45,145313,145314,145316,145318,145320,145322,145324],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,145315,34669],{"class":51},[45,145317,56],{"class":55},[45,145319,42823],{"class":51},[45,145321,102],{"class":59},[45,145323,34459],{"class":105},[45,145325,8627],{"class":59},[45,145327,145328,145330,145332,145334],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145329,125],{"class":124},[45,145331,109],{"class":59},[45,145333,34690],{"class":105},[45,145335,118],{"class":59},[14,145337,268],{},[36,145339,145341],{"className":38,"code":145340,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"HELLO\n",[18,145342,145343],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145344,145345],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145346,145340],{"class":34434},[1864,145348,18893,145350,137115],{"id":145349},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[18,145351,128071],{},[14,145353,145354,145356],{},[18,145355,128071],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145358,345],{},[36,145360,145362],{"className":38,"code":145361,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[18,145363,145364,145372],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145365,145366,145368,145370],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145367,2213],{"class":51},[45,145369,56],{"class":55},[45,145371,124875],{"class":202},[45,145373,145374,145376,145378,145380,145382,145384],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,145375,125],{"class":124},[45,145377,109],{"class":59},[45,145379,2235],{"class":105},[45,145381,102],{"class":59},[45,145383,34459],{"class":105},[45,145385,7181],{"class":59},[14,145387,39635,145388,145390,145391,33581],{},[18,145389,2184],{}," objects do not have an ",[18,145392,128071],{},[14,145394,145395],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[36,145397,145399],{"className":38,"code":145398,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[18,145400,145401,145409],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145402,145403,145405,145407],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145404,2213],{"class":51},[45,145406,56],{"class":55},[45,145408,124875],{"class":202},[45,145410,145411,145413,145415,145417,145419,145421,145423,145425],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,145412,125],{"class":124},[45,145414,109],{"class":59},[45,145416,3436],{"class":315},[45,145418,109],{"class":59},[45,145420,2235],{"class":105},[45,145422,8615],{"class":59},[45,145424,34459],{"class":105},[45,145426,7181],{"class":59},[14,145428,268],{},[36,145430,145432],{"className":38,"code":145431,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"123\n",[18,145433,145434],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145435,145436],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145437,145431],{"class":202},[1864,145439,37184,145441,145443],{"id":145440},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[18,145442,128071],{}," with title case",[14,145445,145446,145448,145449,145452],{},[18,145447,128071],{}," makes ",[26,145450,145451],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[36,145454,145456],{"className":38,"code":145455,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145457,145458,145470],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145459,145460,145462,145464,145466,145468],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145461,34669],{"class":51},[45,145463,56],{"class":55},[45,145465,76],{"class":63},[45,145467,60383],{"class":67},[45,145469,1194],{"class":63},[45,145471,145472,145474,145476,145478,145480,145482],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,145473,125],{"class":124},[45,145475,109],{"class":59},[45,145477,34690],{"class":105},[45,145479,102],{"class":59},[45,145481,34459],{"class":105},[45,145483,7181],{"class":59},[14,145485,268],{},[36,145487,145489],{"className":38,"code":145488,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"HELLO WORLD\n",[18,145490,145491],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145492,145493,145495],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145494,136217],{"class":34434},[45,145496,145497],{"class":34434}," WORLD\n",[14,145499,145500,145501,145505,145506,145510],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[364,145502,145503],{"href":123920},[18,145504,123923],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[364,145507,145508],{"href":129774},[18,145509,124364],{}," changes parts of a string.",[31,145512,145514],{"id":145513},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145516,145517,145518,1111],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[18,145519,128071],{},[157,145521,145522,145529,145536,145543],{},[160,145523,145524,145528],{},[364,145525,145526],{"href":123920},[18,145527,123923],{}," for lowercase text",[160,145530,145531,145535],{},[364,145532,145533],{"href":136763},[18,145534,41634],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[160,145537,145538,145542],{},[364,145539,145540],{"href":129774},[18,145541,124364],{}," for changing parts of a string",[160,145544,145545,1301,145547,145549],{},[18,145546,127561],{},[18,145548,126251],{}," for checks",[14,145551,345],{},[36,145553,145555],{"className":38,"code":145554,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[18,145556,145557,145569,145573,145588,145604,145608],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145558,145559,145561,145563,145565,145567],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145560,34669],{"class":51},[45,145562,56],{"class":55},[45,145564,76],{"class":63},[45,145566,143291],{"class":67},[45,145568,1194],{"class":63},[45,145570,145571],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,145572,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,145574,145575,145578,145580,145582,145584,145586],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145576,145577],{"class":51},"cleaned ",[45,145579,56],{"class":55},[45,145581,42823],{"class":51},[45,145583,102],{"class":59},[45,145585,8618],{"class":105},[45,145587,8627],{"class":59},[45,145589,145590,145593,145595,145598,145600,145602],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,145591,145592],{"class":51},"loud ",[45,145594,56],{"class":55},[45,145596,145597],{"class":51}," cleaned",[45,145599,102],{"class":59},[45,145601,34459],{"class":105},[45,145603,8627],{"class":59},[45,145605,145606],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,145607,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,145609,145610,145612,145614,145617],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,145611,125],{"class":124},[45,145613,109],{"class":59},[45,145615,145616],{"class":105},"loud",[45,145618,118],{"class":59},[14,145620,268],{},[36,145622,145623],{"className":38,"code":145488,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,145624,145625],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145626,145627,145629],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145628,136217],{"class":34434},[45,145630,145497],{"class":34434},[31,145632,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,145634,175,145636,124520],{"id":145635},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[18,145637,128071],{},[14,145639,145640],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1864,145642,175,145644,137497],{"id":145643},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[18,145645,128071],{},[14,145647,145648,145649,102],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[18,145650,145242],{},[1864,145652,145654],{"id":145653},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145656,145657,145658,145660],{},"They stay the same. ",[18,145659,128071],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1864,145662,28310,145664,145666],{"id":145663},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[18,145665,128071],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145668,145669],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145671,345],{},[36,145673,145675],{"className":38,"code":145674,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[18,145676,145677,145689,145702,145706],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145678,145679,145681,145683,145685,145687],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145680,2548],{"class":51},[45,145682,56],{"class":55},[45,145684,76],{"class":63},[45,145686,40],{"class":67},[45,145688,1194],{"class":63},[45,145690,145691,145693,145695,145697,145700],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,145692,2576],{"class":51},[45,145694,56],{"class":55},[45,145696,76],{"class":63},[45,145698,145699],{"class":67},"PYTHON",[45,145701,1194],{"class":63},[45,145703,145704],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145705,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,145707,145708,145710,145712,145714,145716,145718,145720,145722,145724,145726,145728],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,145709,125],{"class":124},[45,145711,109],{"class":59},[45,145713,364],{"class":105},[45,145715,102],{"class":59},[45,145717,34459],{"class":105},[45,145719,7353],{"class":59},[45,145721,6395],{"class":55},[45,145723,2553],{"class":105},[45,145725,102],{"class":59},[45,145727,34459],{"class":105},[45,145729,7181],{"class":59},[14,145731,268],{},[36,145733,145734],{"className":38,"code":3971,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,145735,145736],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145737,145738],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145739,3971],{"class":291},[31,145741,1909],{"id":1908},[157,145743,145744,145748,145754,145760,145766,145770,145774],{},[160,145745,145746],{},[364,145747,124948],{"href":50957},[160,145749,145750],{},[364,145751,126193,145752,10728],{"href":123920},[18,145753,123923],{},[160,145755,145756],{},[364,145757,126193,145758,10728],{"href":136763},[18,145759,41634],{},[160,145761,145762],{},[364,145763,126193,145764,10728],{"href":129774},[18,145765,124364],{},[160,145767,145768],{},[364,145769,90521],{"href":89530},[160,145771,145772],{},[364,145773,124592],{"href":123448},[160,145775,145776],{},[364,145777,137583],{"href":136164},[1936,145779,145780],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":145782},[145783,145784,145786,145787,145788,145790,145791,145793,145800,145801,145810],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":144706,"depth":96,"text":145785},"What upper() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":144916,"depth":96,"text":145789},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145052,"depth":96,"text":145053},{"id":145134,"depth":96,"text":145792},"When to use upper()",{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":145794},[145795,145796,145798],{"id":95726,"depth":121,"text":95727},{"id":145349,"depth":121,"text":145797},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145440,"depth":121,"text":145799},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145513,"depth":96,"text":145514},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":145802},[145803,145805,145807,145808],{"id":145635,"depth":121,"text":145804},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145643,"depth":121,"text":145806},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145653,"depth":121,"text":145654},{"id":145663,"depth":121,"text":145809},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144630,"description":145811},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145818,"title":145819,"body":145820,"description":147697,"extension":1958,"meta":147698,"navigation":241,"path":147699,"seo":147700,"stem":147701,"__hash__":147702},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145821,"toc":147647},[145822,145828,145835,145841,145843,145899,145904,145909,145914,145917,145936,145939,145941,145965,145983,145994,145996,145999,146052,146054,146062,146064,146082,146087,146090,146147,146149,146158,146161,146181,146184,146190,146195,146197,146240,146242,146250,146253,146294,146296,146305,146311,146317,146344,146346,146354,146359,146363,146375,146418,146420,146428,146433,146439,146444,146448,146450,146493,146496,146543,146545,146554,146561,146565,146568,146614,146619,146623,146625,146668,146671,146679,146681,146686,146688,146690,146709,146712,146724,146726,146745,146747,146755,146759,146761,146812,146815,146890,146892,146900,146903,146907,146909,146956,146959,147030,147032,147040,147046,147048,147123,147127,147206,147208,147216,147222,147228,147233,147238,147287,147291,147362,147365,147370,147381,147384,147395,147405,147407,147412,147437,147442,147523,147525,147550,147552,147557,147560,147566,147575,147581,147584,147590,147596,147603,147606,147608,147644],[10,145823,3569,145825,3573],{"id":145824},"python-sum-function-explained",[18,145826,145827],{},"sum()",[14,145829,9108,145830,145832,145833,24746],{},[18,145831,145827],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[18,145834,59975],{},[14,145836,145837,145838,145840],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[18,145839,36054],{}," value and a few important limits.",[31,145842,34],{"id":33},[36,145844,145846],{"className":38,"code":145845,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[18,145847,145848,145872,145887],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145849,145850,145852,145854,145856,145858,145860,145862,145864,145866,145868,145870],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145851,195],{"class":51},[45,145853,56],{"class":55},[45,145855,60],{"class":59},[45,145857,203],{"class":202},[45,145859,73],{"class":59},[45,145861,208],{"class":202},[45,145863,73],{"class":59},[45,145865,213],{"class":202},[45,145867,73],{"class":59},[45,145869,2450],{"class":202},[45,145871,93],{"class":59},[45,145873,145874,145876,145878,145881,145883,145885],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,145875,41164],{"class":51},[45,145877,56],{"class":55},[45,145879,145880],{"class":124}," sum",[45,145882,109],{"class":59},[45,145884,251],{"class":105},[45,145886,118],{"class":59},[45,145888,145889,145891,145893,145895,145897],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145890,125],{"class":124},[45,145892,109],{"class":59},[45,145894,41193],{"class":105},[45,145896,3654],{"class":59},[45,145898,26777],{"class":137},[14,145900,141,145901,145903],{},[18,145902,145827],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[31,145905,3671,145907,3674],{"id":145906},"what-sum-does",[18,145908,145827],{},[14,145910,145911,145913],{},[18,145912,145827],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,145915,145916],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[157,145918,145919,145922,145925,145930],{},[160,145920,145921],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[160,145923,145924],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[160,145926,145927,145928],{},"Adding numbers from ",[18,145929,36178],{},[160,145931,145932,145933,145935],{},"Counting ",[18,145934,3598],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,145937,145938],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[31,145940,2153],{"id":2152},[36,145942,145944],{"className":38,"code":145943,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,145945,145946],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145947,145948,145951,145953,145955,145957,145959,145961,145963],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145949,145950],{"class":124},"sum",[45,145952,109],{"class":59},[45,145954,3714],{"class":105},[45,145956,73],{"class":59},[45,145958,36033],{"class":9161},[45,145960,56],{"class":55},[45,145962,2114],{"class":202},[45,145964,118],{"class":59},[157,145966,145967,145972,145977],{},[160,145968,145969,145971],{},[18,145970,3714],{}," is the group of values to add",[160,145973,145974,145976],{},[18,145975,36054],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[160,145978,145979,145980],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[18,145981,145982],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,145984,145985,145986,145989,145990,102],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145987,145988,3714],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[364,145991,145992,24600],{"href":36175},[18,145993,36178],{},[31,145995,11464],{"id":11463},[14,145997,145998],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[36,146000,146002],{"className":38,"code":146001,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146003,146004,146024,146038,146042],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146005,146006,146008,146010,146012,146014,146016,146018,146020,146022],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146007,195],{"class":51},[45,146009,56],{"class":55},[45,146011,60],{"class":59},[45,146013,2131],{"class":202},[45,146015,73],{"class":59},[45,146017,5991],{"class":202},[45,146019,73],{"class":59},[45,146021,37917],{"class":202},[45,146023,93],{"class":59},[45,146025,146026,146028,146030,146032,146034,146036],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,146027,41164],{"class":51},[45,146029,56],{"class":55},[45,146031,145880],{"class":124},[45,146033,109],{"class":59},[45,146035,251],{"class":105},[45,146037,118],{"class":59},[45,146039,146040],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,146041,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,146043,146044,146046,146048,146050],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,146045,125],{"class":124},[45,146047,109],{"class":59},[45,146049,41193],{"class":105},[45,146051,118],{"class":59},[14,146053,268],{},[36,146055,146056],{"className":38,"code":69811,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,146057,146058],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146059,146060],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146061,69811],{"class":202},[14,146063,551],{},[157,146065,146066,146071,146077],{},[160,146067,146068,146070],{},[18,146069,251],{}," contains three integers",[160,146072,146073,146076],{},[18,146074,146075],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[160,146078,146079,146080],{},"The result is stored in ",[18,146081,41193],{},[31,146083,36593,146085,8417],{"id":146084},"using-the-start-value",[18,146086,36054],{},[14,146088,146089],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[36,146091,146093],{"className":38,"code":146092,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146094,146095,146115,146133,146137],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146096,146097,146099,146101,146103,146105,146107,146109,146111,146113],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146098,195],{"class":51},[45,146100,56],{"class":55},[45,146102,60],{"class":59},[45,146104,203],{"class":202},[45,146106,73],{"class":59},[45,146108,208],{"class":202},[45,146110,73],{"class":59},[45,146112,213],{"class":202},[45,146114,93],{"class":59},[45,146116,146117,146119,146121,146123,146125,146127,146129,146131],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,146118,41164],{"class":51},[45,146120,56],{"class":55},[45,146122,145880],{"class":124},[45,146124,109],{"class":59},[45,146126,251],{"class":105},[45,146128,73],{"class":59},[45,146130,5991],{"class":202},[45,146132,118],{"class":59},[45,146134,146135],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,146136,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,146138,146139,146141,146143,146145],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,146140,125],{"class":124},[45,146142,109],{"class":59},[45,146144,41193],{"class":105},[45,146146,118],{"class":59},[14,146148,268],{},[36,146150,146152],{"className":38,"code":146151,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"16\n",[18,146153,146154],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146155,146156],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146157,146151],{"class":202},[14,146159,146160],{},"This works like:",[157,146162,146163,146168,146173,146177],{},[160,146164,146165,146166],{},"Start at ",[18,146167,585],{},[160,146169,146170,146171],{},"Add ",[18,146172,203],{},[160,146174,146170,146175],{},[18,146176,234],{},[160,146178,146170,146179],{},[18,146180,2056],{},[14,146182,146183],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[31,146185,3671,146187,146189],{"id":146186},"what-sum-can-work-with",[18,146188,145827],{}," can work with",[14,146191,146192,146194],{},[18,146193,145827],{}," works with numeric values.",[1864,146196,40407],{"id":40406},[36,146198,146200],{"className":38,"code":146199,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146201,146202,146226],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146203,146204,146206,146208,146210,146212,146214,146216,146218,146220,146222,146224],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146205,3816],{"class":51},[45,146207,56],{"class":55},[45,146209,60],{"class":59},[45,146211,203],{"class":202},[45,146213,73],{"class":59},[45,146215,208],{"class":202},[45,146217,73],{"class":59},[45,146219,213],{"class":202},[45,146221,73],{"class":59},[45,146223,2450],{"class":202},[45,146225,93],{"class":59},[45,146227,146228,146230,146232,146234,146236,146238],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,146229,125],{"class":124},[45,146231,109],{"class":59},[45,146233,145950],{"class":124},[45,146235,109],{"class":59},[45,146237,5350],{"class":105},[45,146239,1802],{"class":59},[14,146241,268],{},[36,146243,146244],{"className":38,"code":2371,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,146245,146246],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146247,146248],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146249,2371],{"class":202},[1864,146251,146252],{"id":52028},"Floats",[36,146254,146256],{"className":38,"code":146255,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[18,146257,146258,146280],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146259,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268,146270,146273,146275,146278],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146261,82886],{"class":51},[45,146263,56],{"class":55},[45,146265,60],{"class":59},[45,146267,41140],{"class":202},[45,146269,73],{"class":59},[45,146271,146272],{"class":202}," 3.75",[45,146274,73],{"class":59},[45,146276,146277],{"class":202}," 1.25",[45,146279,93],{"class":59},[45,146281,146282,146284,146286,146288,146290,146292],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,146283,125],{"class":124},[45,146285,109],{"class":59},[45,146287,145950],{"class":124},[45,146289,109],{"class":59},[45,146291,82922],{"class":105},[45,146293,1802],{"class":59},[14,146295,268],{},[36,146297,146299],{"className":38,"code":146298,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"7.5\n",[18,146300,146301],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146302,146303],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146304,146298],{"class":202},[14,146306,146307,146308,102],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[364,146309,146310],{"href":2413},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1864,146312,146314,146315],{"id":146313},"values-from-range","Values from ",[18,146316,36178],{},[36,146318,146320],{"className":38,"code":146319,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[18,146321,146322],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146323,146324,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334,146336,146338,146340,146342],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146325,125],{"class":124},[45,146327,109],{"class":59},[45,146329,145950],{"class":124},[45,146331,109],{"class":59},[45,146333,59975],{"class":124},[45,146335,109],{"class":59},[45,146337,203],{"class":202},[45,146339,73],{"class":59},[45,146341,37624],{"class":202},[45,146343,2905],{"class":59},[14,146345,268],{},[36,146347,146348],{"className":38,"code":47022,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,146349,146350],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146351,146352],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146353,47022],{"class":202},[14,146355,113397,146356,102],{},[18,146357,146358],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1864,146360,146362],{"id":146361},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146364,146365,146366,146368,146369,1301,146371,146368,146373,102],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[18,146367,3598],{}," acts like ",[18,146370,203],{},[18,146372,3667],{},[18,146374,2114],{},[36,146376,146378],{"className":38,"code":146377,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[18,146379,146380,146404],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146381,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390,146392,146394,146396,146398,146400,146402],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146383,51948],{"class":51},[45,146385,56],{"class":55},[45,146387,60],{"class":59},[45,146389,3598],{"class":291},[45,146391,73],{"class":59},[45,146393,3898],{"class":291},[45,146395,73],{"class":59},[45,146397,3907],{"class":291},[45,146399,73],{"class":59},[45,146401,3907],{"class":291},[45,146403,93],{"class":59},[45,146405,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414,146416],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,146407,125],{"class":124},[45,146409,109],{"class":59},[45,146411,145950],{"class":124},[45,146413,109],{"class":59},[45,146415,52001],{"class":105},[45,146417,1802],{"class":59},[14,146419,268],{},[36,146421,146422],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,146423,146424],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146425,146426],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146427,46598],{"class":202},[14,146429,146430,146431,102],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[18,146432,3598],{},[31,146434,3671,146436,146438],{"id":146435},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[18,146437,145827],{}," does not work with",[14,146440,146441,146443],{},[18,146442,145827],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1864,146445,146447],{"id":146446},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146449,2830],{},[36,146451,146453],{"className":38,"code":146452,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[18,146454,146455,146479],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146456,146457,146459,146461,146463,146465,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146458,4062],{"class":51},[45,146460,56],{"class":55},[45,146462,60],{"class":59},[45,146464,64],{"class":63},[45,146466,3839],{"class":67},[45,146468,64],{"class":63},[45,146470,73],{"class":59},[45,146472,76],{"class":63},[45,146474,60568],{"class":67},[45,146476,64],{"class":63},[45,146478,93],{"class":59},[45,146480,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489,146491],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,146482,125],{"class":124},[45,146484,109],{"class":59},[45,146486,145950],{"class":124},[45,146488,109],{"class":59},[45,146490,4104],{"class":105},[45,146492,1802],{"class":59},[14,146494,146495],{},"Use string joining instead:",[36,146497,146499],{"className":38,"code":146498,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,146500,146501,146525],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146502,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511,146513,146515,146517,146519,146521,146523],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146504,4062],{"class":51},[45,146506,56],{"class":55},[45,146508,60],{"class":59},[45,146510,64],{"class":63},[45,146512,3839],{"class":67},[45,146514,64],{"class":63},[45,146516,73],{"class":59},[45,146518,76],{"class":63},[45,146520,60568],{"class":67},[45,146522,64],{"class":63},[45,146524,93],{"class":59},[45,146526,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,146528,125],{"class":124},[45,146530,109],{"class":59},[45,146532,6259],{"class":63},[45,146534,102],{"class":59},[45,146536,133352],{"class":105},[45,146538,109],{"class":59},[45,146540,4104],{"class":105},[45,146542,1802],{"class":59},[14,146544,268],{},[36,146546,146548],{"className":38,"code":146547,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"helloworld\n",[18,146549,146550],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146551,146552],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146553,146547],{"class":51},[14,146555,146556,146557,102],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[364,146558,146559,5774],{"href":42156},[18,146560,47665],{},[1864,146562,146564],{"id":146563},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146566,146567],{},"This also causes an error:",[36,146569,146571],{"className":38,"code":146570,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[18,146572,146573,146600],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146574,146575,146578,146580,146582,146584,146586,146588,146590,146592,146594,146596,146598],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146576,146577],{"class":51},"lists ",[45,146579,56],{"class":55},[45,146581,56271],{"class":59},[45,146583,203],{"class":202},[45,146585,73],{"class":59},[45,146587,208],{"class":202},[45,146589,18047],{"class":59},[45,146591,60],{"class":59},[45,146593,2056],{"class":202},[45,146595,73],{"class":59},[45,146597,2450],{"class":202},[45,146599,53225],{"class":59},[45,146601,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,146603,125],{"class":124},[45,146605,109],{"class":59},[45,146607,145950],{"class":124},[45,146609,109],{"class":59},[45,146611,5291],{"class":105},[45,146613,1802],{"class":59},[14,146615,146616,146618],{},[18,146617,145827],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1864,146620,146622],{"id":146621},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146624,5462],{},[36,146626,146628],{"className":38,"code":146627,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146629,146630,146654],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146631,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644,146646,146648,146650,146652],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146633,3816],{"class":51},[45,146635,56],{"class":55},[45,146637,60],{"class":59},[45,146639,203],{"class":202},[45,146641,73],{"class":59},[45,146643,208],{"class":202},[45,146645,73],{"class":59},[45,146647,76],{"class":63},[45,146649,2056],{"class":67},[45,146651,64],{"class":63},[45,146653,93],{"class":59},[45,146655,146656,146658,146660,146662,146664,146666],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,146657,125],{"class":124},[45,146659,109],{"class":59},[45,146661,145950],{"class":124},[45,146663,109],{"class":59},[45,146665,5350],{"class":105},[45,146667,1802],{"class":59},[14,146669,146670],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146672,146673,146674,146676,146677,102],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[18,146675,65916],{},", convert them first. See ",[364,146678,2956],{"href":2955},[31,146680,41485],{"id":41484},[14,146682,146683,146684,102],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,146685,145827],{},[1864,146687,6511],{"id":6510},[14,146689,4516],{},[36,146691,146693],{"className":38,"code":146692,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(sum(5))\n",[18,146694,146695],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146696,146697,146699,146701,146703,146705,146707],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146698,125],{"class":124},[45,146700,109],{"class":59},[45,146702,145950],{"class":124},[45,146704,109],{"class":59},[45,146706,2131],{"class":202},[45,146708,1802],{"class":59},[14,146710,146711],{},"Why it fails:",[157,146713,146714,146719],{},[160,146715,146716,146718],{},[18,146717,2131],{}," is a single integer",[160,146720,146721,146723],{},[18,146722,145827],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146725,6541],{},[36,146727,146729],{"className":38,"code":146728,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(sum([5]))\n",[18,146730,146731],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146732,146733,146735,146737,146739,146741,146743],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146734,125],{"class":124},[45,146736,109],{"class":59},[45,146738,145950],{"class":124},[45,146740,2979],{"class":59},[45,146742,2131],{"class":202},[45,146744,2992],{"class":59},[14,146746,268],{},[36,146748,146749],{"className":38,"code":2940,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,146750,146751],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146752,146753],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146754,2940],{"class":202},[1864,146756,146758],{"id":146757},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146760,4516],{},[36,146762,146764],{"className":38,"code":146763,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146765,146766,146798],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146767,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146769,3816],{"class":51},[45,146771,56],{"class":55},[45,146773,60],{"class":59},[45,146775,64],{"class":63},[45,146777,203],{"class":67},[45,146779,64],{"class":63},[45,146781,73],{"class":59},[45,146783,76],{"class":63},[45,146785,234],{"class":67},[45,146787,64],{"class":63},[45,146789,73],{"class":59},[45,146791,76],{"class":63},[45,146793,2056],{"class":67},[45,146795,64],{"class":63},[45,146797,93],{"class":59},[45,146799,146800,146802,146804,146806,146808,146810],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,146801,125],{"class":124},[45,146803,109],{"class":59},[45,146805,145950],{"class":124},[45,146807,109],{"class":59},[45,146809,5350],{"class":105},[45,146811,1802],{"class":59},[14,146813,146814],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[36,146816,146818],{"className":38,"code":146817,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,146819,146820,146852,146880],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146821,146822,146824,146826,146828,146830,146832,146834,146836,146838,146840,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146823,3816],{"class":51},[45,146825,56],{"class":55},[45,146827,60],{"class":59},[45,146829,64],{"class":63},[45,146831,203],{"class":67},[45,146833,64],{"class":63},[45,146835,73],{"class":59},[45,146837,76],{"class":63},[45,146839,234],{"class":67},[45,146841,64],{"class":63},[45,146843,73],{"class":59},[45,146845,76],{"class":63},[45,146847,2056],{"class":67},[45,146849,64],{"class":63},[45,146851,93],{"class":59},[45,146853,146854,146856,146858,146860,146862,146864,146866,146868,146870,146872,146874,146876,146878],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,146855,41164],{"class":51},[45,146857,56],{"class":55},[45,146859,145880],{"class":124},[45,146861,109],{"class":59},[45,146863,2184],{"class":315},[45,146865,109],{"class":59},[45,146867,1123],{"class":105},[45,146869,3654],{"class":59},[45,146871,3870],{"class":969},[45,146873,1129],{"class":105},[45,146875,976],{"class":969},[45,146877,3877],{"class":105},[45,146879,118],{"class":59},[45,146881,146882,146884,146886,146888],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,146883,125],{"class":124},[45,146885,109],{"class":59},[45,146887,41193],{"class":105},[45,146889,118],{"class":59},[14,146891,268],{},[36,146893,146894],{"className":38,"code":2649,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,146895,146896],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146897,146898],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146899,2649],{"class":202},[14,146901,146902],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1864,146904,146906],{"id":146905},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,146908,4516],{},[36,146910,146912],{"className":38,"code":146911,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146913,146914,146942],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146915,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146917,3816],{"class":51},[45,146919,56],{"class":55},[45,146921,60],{"class":59},[45,146923,203],{"class":202},[45,146925,73],{"class":59},[45,146927,208],{"class":202},[45,146929,73],{"class":59},[45,146931,76],{"class":63},[45,146933,2056],{"class":67},[45,146935,64],{"class":63},[45,146937,73],{"class":59},[45,146939,2450],{"class":202},[45,146941,93],{"class":59},[45,146943,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952,146954],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,146945,125],{"class":124},[45,146947,109],{"class":59},[45,146949,145950],{"class":124},[45,146951,109],{"class":59},[45,146953,5350],{"class":105},[45,146955,1802],{"class":59},[14,146957,146958],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[36,146960,146962],{"className":38,"code":146961,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,146963,146964,146992,147020],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146965,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984,146986,146988,146990],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146967,3816],{"class":51},[45,146969,56],{"class":55},[45,146971,60],{"class":59},[45,146973,203],{"class":202},[45,146975,73],{"class":59},[45,146977,208],{"class":202},[45,146979,73],{"class":59},[45,146981,76],{"class":63},[45,146983,2056],{"class":67},[45,146985,64],{"class":63},[45,146987,73],{"class":59},[45,146989,2450],{"class":202},[45,146991,93],{"class":59},[45,146993,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016,147018],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,146995,41164],{"class":51},[45,146997,56],{"class":55},[45,146999,145880],{"class":124},[45,147001,109],{"class":59},[45,147003,2184],{"class":315},[45,147005,109],{"class":59},[45,147007,1123],{"class":105},[45,147009,3654],{"class":59},[45,147011,3870],{"class":969},[45,147013,1129],{"class":105},[45,147015,976],{"class":969},[45,147017,3877],{"class":105},[45,147019,118],{"class":59},[45,147021,147022,147024,147026,147028],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,147023,125],{"class":124},[45,147025,109],{"class":59},[45,147027,41193],{"class":105},[45,147029,118],{"class":59},[14,147031,268],{},[36,147033,147034],{"className":38,"code":2371,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,147035,147036],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147037,147038],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147039,2371],{"class":202},[1864,147041,1736,147043,147045],{"id":147042},"using-sum-to-join-text",[18,147044,145827],{}," to join text",[14,147047,4516],{},[36,147049,147051],{"className":38,"code":147050,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[18,147052,147053,147109],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147054,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147056,355],{"class":51},[45,147058,56],{"class":55},[45,147060,60],{"class":59},[45,147062,64],{"class":63},[45,147064,133951],{"class":67},[45,147066,64],{"class":63},[45,147068,73],{"class":59},[45,147070,76],{"class":63},[45,147072,11734],{"class":67},[45,147074,64],{"class":63},[45,147076,73],{"class":59},[45,147078,76],{"class":63},[45,147080,63264],{"class":67},[45,147082,64],{"class":63},[45,147084,73],{"class":59},[45,147086,76],{"class":63},[45,147088,60415],{"class":67},[45,147090,64],{"class":63},[45,147092,73],{"class":59},[45,147094,76],{"class":63},[45,147096,60450],{"class":67},[45,147098,64],{"class":63},[45,147100,73],{"class":59},[45,147102,76],{"class":63},[45,147104,75868],{"class":67},[45,147106,64],{"class":63},[45,147108,93],{"class":59},[45,147110,147111,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,147112,125],{"class":124},[45,147114,109],{"class":59},[45,147116,145950],{"class":124},[45,147118,109],{"class":59},[45,147120,391],{"class":105},[45,147122,1802],{"class":59},[14,147124,141,147125,60509],{},[18,147126,133275],{},[36,147128,147130],{"className":38,"code":147129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[18,147131,147132,147188],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147133,147134,147136,147138,147140,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154,147156,147158,147160,147162,147164,147166,147168,147170,147172,147174,147176,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147135,355],{"class":51},[45,147137,56],{"class":55},[45,147139,60],{"class":59},[45,147141,64],{"class":63},[45,147143,133951],{"class":67},[45,147145,64],{"class":63},[45,147147,73],{"class":59},[45,147149,76],{"class":63},[45,147151,11734],{"class":67},[45,147153,64],{"class":63},[45,147155,73],{"class":59},[45,147157,76],{"class":63},[45,147159,63264],{"class":67},[45,147161,64],{"class":63},[45,147163,73],{"class":59},[45,147165,76],{"class":63},[45,147167,60415],{"class":67},[45,147169,64],{"class":63},[45,147171,73],{"class":59},[45,147173,76],{"class":63},[45,147175,60450],{"class":67},[45,147177,64],{"class":63},[45,147179,73],{"class":59},[45,147181,76],{"class":63},[45,147183,75868],{"class":67},[45,147185,64],{"class":63},[45,147187,93],{"class":59},[45,147189,147190,147192,147194,147196,147198,147200,147202,147204],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,147191,125],{"class":124},[45,147193,109],{"class":59},[45,147195,6259],{"class":63},[45,147197,102],{"class":59},[45,147199,133352],{"class":105},[45,147201,109],{"class":59},[45,147203,391],{"class":105},[45,147205,1802],{"class":59},[14,147207,268],{},[36,147209,147210],{"className":38,"code":134032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,147211,147212],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147213,147214],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147215,134032],{"class":51},[14,147217,147218,147219,102],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[364,147220,147221],{"href":135113},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[31,147223,147225,147227],{"id":147224},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[18,147226,145827],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147229,147230,147232],{},[18,147231,145827],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1864,147234,1736,147236],{"id":147235},"using-sum",[18,147237,145827],{},[36,147239,147241],{"className":38,"code":147240,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147242,147243,147263,147277],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147244,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147246,195],{"class":51},[45,147248,56],{"class":55},[45,147250,60],{"class":59},[45,147252,2498],{"class":202},[45,147254,73],{"class":59},[45,147256,5980],{"class":202},[45,147258,73],{"class":59},[45,147260,54119],{"class":202},[45,147262,93],{"class":59},[45,147264,147265,147267,147269,147271,147273,147275],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,147266,41164],{"class":51},[45,147268,56],{"class":55},[45,147270,145880],{"class":124},[45,147272,109],{"class":59},[45,147274,251],{"class":105},[45,147276,118],{"class":59},[45,147278,147279,147281,147283,147285],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,147280,125],{"class":124},[45,147282,109],{"class":59},[45,147284,41193],{"class":105},[45,147286,118],{"class":59},[1864,147288,147290],{"id":147289},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[36,147292,147294],{"className":38,"code":147293,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,147295,147296,147316,147324,147328,147340,147348,147352],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147297,147298,147300,147302,147304,147306,147308,147310,147312,147314],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147299,195],{"class":51},[45,147301,56],{"class":55},[45,147303,60],{"class":59},[45,147305,2498],{"class":202},[45,147307,73],{"class":59},[45,147309,5980],{"class":202},[45,147311,73],{"class":59},[45,147313,54119],{"class":202},[45,147315,93],{"class":59},[45,147317,147318,147320,147322],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,147319,41164],{"class":51},[45,147321,56],{"class":55},[45,147323,38494],{"class":202},[45,147325,147326],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,147327,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,147329,147330,147332,147334,147336,147338],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,147331,970],{"class":969},[45,147333,6374],{"class":51},[45,147335,976],{"class":969},[45,147337,225],{"class":51},[45,147339,1213],{"class":59},[45,147341,147342,147344,147346],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,147343,89945],{"class":51},[45,147345,89948],{"class":55},[45,147347,89951],{"class":51},[45,147349,147350],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,147351,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,147353,147354,147356,147358,147360],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,147355,125],{"class":124},[45,147357,109],{"class":59},[45,147359,41193],{"class":105},[45,147361,118],{"class":59},[14,147363,147364],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147366,2481,147367,147369],{},[18,147368,145827],{}," is often better:",[157,147371,147372,147375,147378],{},[160,147373,147374],{},"Shorter code",[160,147376,147377],{},"Easier to read",[160,147379,147380],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147382,147383],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[157,147385,147386,147389,147392],{},[160,147387,147388],{},"You need to skip some values",[160,147390,147391],{},"You need extra checks",[160,147393,147394],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147396,147397,147398,147401,147402,147404],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[364,147399,147400],{"href":39990},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[18,147403,145827],{}," on the filtered result.",[31,147406,1709],{"id":1708},[14,147408,147409,147410,1111],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[18,147411,145827],{},[157,147413,147414,147420,147427,147434],{},[160,147415,147416,147417],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[18,147418,147419],{},"sum(5)",[160,147421,147422,147423,147426],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[18,147424,147425],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[160,147428,1736,147429,147431,147432],{},[18,147430,145827],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[18,147433,133275],{},[160,147435,147436],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147438,8860,147439,147441],{},[18,147440,145827],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[36,147443,147445],{"className":38,"code":147444,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[18,147446,147447,147457,147471,147495],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147448,147449,147451,147453,147455],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147450,125],{"class":124},[45,147452,109],{"class":59},[45,147454,5350],{"class":105},[45,147456,118],{"class":59},[45,147458,147459,147461,147463,147465,147467,147469],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,147460,125],{"class":124},[45,147462,109],{"class":59},[45,147464,1811],{"class":315},[45,147466,109],{"class":59},[45,147468,5350],{"class":105},[45,147470,1802],{"class":59},[45,147472,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481,147483,147485,147487,147489,147491,147493],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,147474,125],{"class":124},[45,147476,2979],{"class":59},[45,147478,1811],{"class":315},[45,147480,109],{"class":59},[45,147482,1123],{"class":105},[45,147484,3654],{"class":59},[45,147486,3870],{"class":969},[45,147488,1129],{"class":105},[45,147490,976],{"class":969},[45,147492,3877],{"class":105},[45,147494,3880],{"class":59},[45,147496,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505,147507,147509,147511,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,147498,125],{"class":124},[45,147500,109],{"class":59},[45,147502,145950],{"class":124},[45,147504,2979],{"class":59},[45,147506,2184],{"class":315},[45,147508,109],{"class":59},[45,147510,1123],{"class":105},[45,147512,3654],{"class":59},[45,147514,3870],{"class":969},[45,147516,1129],{"class":105},[45,147518,976],{"class":969},[45,147520,3877],{"class":105},[45,147522,2992],{"class":59},[14,147524,135846],{},[157,147526,147527,147533,147539,147544],{},[160,147528,147529,147532],{},[18,147530,147531],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[160,147534,147535,147538],{},[18,147536,147537],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[160,147540,147541,135868],{},[18,147542,147543],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[160,147545,147546,147549],{},[18,147547,147548],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[31,147551,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,147553,5133,147555,5136],{"id":147554},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[18,147556,145827],{},[14,147558,147559],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1864,147561,5160,147563,147565],{"id":147562},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[18,147564,145827],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147567,30251,147568,1742,147571,147574],{},[18,147569,147570],{},"''.join(...)",[18,147572,147573],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1864,147576,5160,147578,147580],{"id":147577},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[18,147579,145827],{}," work with floats?",[14,147582,147583],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1864,147585,147587,147588,2485],{"id":147586},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[18,147589,145827],{},[14,147591,147592,147593,147595],{},"It is the optional ",[18,147594,36054],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1864,147597,5148,147599,119231,147601,2485],{"id":147598},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[18,147600,145827],{},[18,147602,2998],{},[14,147604,147605],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[31,147607,1909],{"id":1908},[157,147609,147610,147614,147620,147626,147632,147636,147640],{},[160,147611,147612],{},[364,147613,146310],{"href":2413},[160,147615,147616],{},[364,147617,3569,147618,3502],{"href":36175},[18,147619,36178],{},[160,147621,147622],{},[364,147623,3569,147624,3502],{"href":42339},[18,147625,42342],{},[160,147627,147628],{},[364,147629,3569,147630,3502],{"href":42156},[18,147631,47665],{},[160,147633,147634],{},[364,147635,5212],{"href":39990},[160,147637,147638],{},[364,147639,3519],{"href":2955},[160,147641,147642],{},[364,147643,147221],{"href":135113},[1936,147645,147646],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":147648},[147649,147650,147652,147653,147654,147656,147664,147670,147677,147683,147684,147696],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":145906,"depth":96,"text":147651},"What sum() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":146084,"depth":96,"text":147655},"Using the start value",{"id":146186,"depth":96,"text":147657,"children":147658},"What sum() can work with",[147659,147660,147661,147663],{"id":40406,"depth":121,"text":40407},{"id":52028,"depth":121,"text":146252},{"id":146313,"depth":121,"text":147662},"Values from range()",{"id":146361,"depth":121,"text":146362},{"id":146435,"depth":96,"text":147665,"children":147666},"What sum() does not work with",[147667,147668,147669],{"id":146446,"depth":121,"text":146447},{"id":146563,"depth":121,"text":146564},{"id":146621,"depth":121,"text":146622},{"id":41484,"depth":96,"text":41485,"children":147671},[147672,147673,147674,147675],{"id":6510,"depth":121,"text":6511},{"id":146757,"depth":121,"text":146758},{"id":146905,"depth":121,"text":146906},{"id":147042,"depth":121,"text":147676},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147224,"depth":96,"text":147678,"children":147679},"sum() vs manual loop",[147680,147682],{"id":147235,"depth":121,"text":147681},"Using sum()",{"id":147289,"depth":121,"text":147290},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":147685},[147686,147688,147690,147692,147694],{"id":147554,"depth":121,"text":147687},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147562,"depth":121,"text":147689},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147577,"depth":121,"text":147691},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147586,"depth":121,"text":147693},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147598,"depth":121,"text":147695},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145819,"description":147697},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147704,"title":147705,"body":147706,"description":149108,"extension":1958,"meta":149109,"navigation":241,"path":149110,"seo":149111,"stem":149112,"__hash__":149113},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147707,"toc":149076},[147708,147714,147720,147723,147786,147792,147797,147801,147818,147832,147836,147856,147870,147872,147965,147967,147981,147983,147986,148075,148077,148085,148094,148096,148100,148121,148123,148215,148217,148238,148240,148244,148258,148260,148334,148336,148355,148359,148362,148385,148387,148498,148505,148513,148515,148521,148524,148567,148570,148593,148601,148605,148680,148686,148711,148718,148721,148724,148728,148733,148821,148829,148833,148836,148861,148865,148926,148930,148979,148989,148991,148996,148999,149005,149008,149012,149016,149022,149025,149033,149041,149043,149073],[10,147709,147711,147712,11311],{"id":147710},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[18,147713,57268],{},[14,147715,147716,147719],{},[18,147717,147718],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147721,147722],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[36,147724,147726],{"className":38,"code":147725,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,147727,147728,147756,147774],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147729,147730,147732,147734,147736,147738,147740,147742,147744,147746,147748,147750,147752,147754],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147731,195],{"class":51},[45,147733,56],{"class":55},[45,147735,9222],{"class":59},[45,147737,203],{"class":202},[45,147739,73],{"class":59},[45,147741,208],{"class":202},[45,147743,73],{"class":59},[45,147745,208],{"class":202},[45,147747,73],{"class":59},[45,147749,213],{"class":202},[45,147751,73],{"class":59},[45,147753,208],{"class":202},[45,147755,118],{"class":59},[45,147757,147758,147760,147762,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,147759,220],{"class":51},[45,147761,56],{"class":55},[45,147763,225],{"class":51},[45,147765,102],{"class":59},[45,147767,1795],{"class":105},[45,147769,109],{"class":59},[45,147771,234],{"class":202},[45,147773,118],{"class":59},[45,147775,147776,147778,147780,147782,147784],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,147777,125],{"class":124},[45,147779,109],{"class":59},[45,147781,263],{"class":105},[45,147783,3654],{"class":59},[45,147785,50753],{"class":137},[14,147787,141,147788,147791],{},[18,147789,147790],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[31,147793,3671,147795,3674],{"id":147794},"what-tuplecount-does",[18,147796,147718],{},[14,147798,147799,1111],{},[18,147800,147790],{},[157,147802,147803,147809,147812,147815],{},[160,147804,147805,147806,147808],{},"Returns the number of times ",[18,147807,28],{}," appears in the tuple",[160,147810,147811],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[160,147813,147814],{},"Returns an integer",[160,147816,147817],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,147819,147820,147821,147823,147824,1742,147828,102],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[18,147822,57268],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[364,147825,147827],{"href":147826},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[364,147829,147831],{"href":147830},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[31,147833,147835],{"id":147834},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[36,147837,147839],{"className":38,"code":147838,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[18,147840,147841],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147842,147843,147846,147848,147850,147852,147854],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147844,147845],{"class":51},"my_tuple",[45,147847,102],{"class":59},[45,147849,1795],{"class":105},[45,147851,109],{"class":59},[45,147853,28],{"class":105},[45,147855,118],{"class":59},[157,147857,147858,147862,147865],{},[160,147859,147860,57433],{},[18,147861,28],{},[160,147863,147864],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[160,147866,147867,147868],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[18,147869,2114],{},[1864,147871,102946],{"id":102945},[36,147873,147875],{"className":38,"code":147874,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[18,147876,147877,147917,147941],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147878,147879,147881,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147880,461],{"class":51},[45,147882,56],{"class":55},[45,147884,9222],{"class":59},[45,147886,64],{"class":63},[45,147888,470],{"class":67},[45,147890,64],{"class":63},[45,147892,73],{"class":59},[45,147894,76],{"class":63},[45,147896,479],{"class":67},[45,147898,64],{"class":63},[45,147900,73],{"class":59},[45,147902,76],{"class":63},[45,147904,470],{"class":67},[45,147906,64],{"class":63},[45,147908,73],{"class":59},[45,147910,76],{"class":63},[45,147912,488],{"class":67},[45,147914,64],{"class":63},[45,147916,118],{"class":59},[45,147918,147919,147921,147923,147925,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,147920,125],{"class":124},[45,147922,109],{"class":59},[45,147924,497],{"class":105},[45,147926,102],{"class":59},[45,147928,1795],{"class":105},[45,147930,109],{"class":59},[45,147932,64],{"class":63},[45,147934,470],{"class":67},[45,147936,64],{"class":63},[45,147938,5353],{"class":59},[45,147940,57623],{"class":137},[45,147942,147943,147945,147947,147949,147951,147953,147955,147957,147959,147961,147963],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,147944,125],{"class":124},[45,147946,109],{"class":59},[45,147948,497],{"class":105},[45,147950,102],{"class":59},[45,147952,1795],{"class":105},[45,147954,109],{"class":59},[45,147956,64],{"class":63},[45,147958,22508],{"class":67},[45,147960,64],{"class":63},[45,147962,5353],{"class":59},[45,147964,51229],{"class":137},[14,147966,19943],{},[157,147968,147969,147974],{},[160,147970,147971,147973],{},[18,147972,65367],{}," appears 2 times",[160,147975,147976,147978,147979],{},[18,147977,109642],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[18,147980,2114],{},[31,147982,11464],{"id":11463},[14,147984,147985],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[36,147987,147989],{"className":38,"code":147988,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,147990,147991,148039,148043,148065],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147992,147993,147995,147997,147999,148001,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147994,36219],{"class":51},[45,147996,56],{"class":55},[45,147998,9222],{"class":59},[45,148000,64],{"class":63},[45,148002,68],{"class":67},[45,148004,64],{"class":63},[45,148006,73],{"class":59},[45,148008,76],{"class":63},[45,148010,79],{"class":67},[45,148012,64],{"class":63},[45,148014,73],{"class":59},[45,148016,76],{"class":63},[45,148018,68],{"class":67},[45,148020,64],{"class":63},[45,148022,73],{"class":59},[45,148024,76],{"class":63},[45,148026,88],{"class":67},[45,148028,64],{"class":63},[45,148030,73],{"class":59},[45,148032,76],{"class":63},[45,148034,68],{"class":67},[45,148036,64],{"class":63},[45,148038,118],{"class":59},[45,148040,148041],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,148042,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,148044,148045,148047,148049,148051,148053,148055,148057,148059,148061,148063],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,148046,220],{"class":51},[45,148048,56],{"class":55},[45,148050,52834],{"class":51},[45,148052,102],{"class":59},[45,148054,1795],{"class":105},[45,148056,109],{"class":59},[45,148058,64],{"class":63},[45,148060,68],{"class":67},[45,148062,64],{"class":63},[45,148064,118],{"class":59},[45,148066,148067,148069,148071,148073],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,148068,125],{"class":124},[45,148070,109],{"class":59},[45,148072,263],{"class":105},[45,148074,118],{"class":59},[14,148076,268],{},[36,148078,148079],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,148080,148081],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148082,148083],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148084,46598],{"class":202},[14,148086,148087,148089,148090,1326,148092,102],{},[18,148088,778],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[18,148091,57268],{},[18,148093,2056],{},[31,148095,38001],{"id":38000},[14,148097,57522,148098,128581],{},[18,148099,57268],{},[157,148101,148102,148107,148112,148115],{},[160,148103,11412,148104,148106],{},[18,148105,2114],{}," when the value does not exist",[160,148108,11412,148109,148111],{},[18,148110,203],{}," when the value appears once",[160,148113,148114],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[160,148116,148117,148118,148120],{},"The result can be used in ",[18,148119,982],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148122,345],{},[36,148124,148126],{"className":38,"code":148125,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[18,148127,148128,148169,148173,148200],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148129,148130,148133,148135,148137,148139,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148159,148161,148163,148165,148167],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148131,148132],{"class":51},"answers ",[45,148134,56],{"class":55},[45,148136,9222],{"class":59},[45,148138,64],{"class":63},[45,148140,8642],{"class":67},[45,148142,64],{"class":63},[45,148144,73],{"class":59},[45,148146,76],{"class":63},[45,148148,8581],{"class":67},[45,148150,64],{"class":63},[45,148152,73],{"class":59},[45,148154,76],{"class":63},[45,148156,8642],{"class":67},[45,148158,64],{"class":63},[45,148160,73],{"class":59},[45,148162,76],{"class":63},[45,148164,8642],{"class":67},[45,148166,64],{"class":63},[45,148168,118],{"class":59},[45,148170,148171],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,148172,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,148174,148175,148177,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,148176,982],{"class":969},[45,148178,148179],{"class":51}," answers",[45,148181,102],{"class":59},[45,148183,1795],{"class":105},[45,148185,109],{"class":59},[45,148187,64],{"class":63},[45,148189,8642],{"class":67},[45,148191,64],{"class":63},[45,148193,3654],{"class":59},[45,148195,38377],{"class":55},[45,148197,5488],{"class":202},[45,148199,1213],{"class":59},[45,148201,148202,148204,148206,148208,148211,148213],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,148203,8055],{"class":124},[45,148205,109],{"class":59},[45,148207,64],{"class":63},[45,148209,148210],{"class":67},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[45,148212,64],{"class":63},[45,148214,118],{"class":59},[14,148216,268],{},[36,148218,148220],{"className":38,"code":148219,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[18,148221,148222],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148223,148224,148227,148229,148231,148233,148236],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148225,148226],{"class":51},"The answer ",[45,148228,429],{"class":63},[45,148230,8642],{"class":67},[45,148232,429],{"class":63},[45,148234,148235],{"class":51}," appears more than once",[45,148237,122225],{"class":59},[31,148239,41027],{"id":41026},[14,148241,35387,148242,104409],{},[18,148243,147718],{},[157,148245,148246,148249,148252,148255],{},[160,148247,148248],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[160,148250,148251],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[160,148253,148254],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[160,148256,148257],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148259,345],{},[36,148261,148263],{"className":38,"code":148262,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[18,148264,148265,148293,148297,148319],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148266,148267,148269,148271,148273,148275,148277,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148268,578],{"class":51},[45,148270,56],{"class":55},[45,148272,9222],{"class":59},[45,148274,585],{"class":202},[45,148276,73],{"class":59},[45,148278,590],{"class":202},[45,148280,73],{"class":59},[45,148282,5991],{"class":202},[45,148284,73],{"class":59},[45,148286,595],{"class":202},[45,148288,73],{"class":59},[45,148290,5991],{"class":202},[45,148292,118],{"class":59},[45,148294,148295],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,148296,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,148298,148299,148301,148303,148305,148307,148309,148311,148313,148315,148317],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,148300,982],{"class":969},[45,148302,5101],{"class":51},[45,148304,102],{"class":59},[45,148306,1795],{"class":105},[45,148308,109],{"class":59},[45,148310,585],{"class":202},[45,148312,3654],{"class":59},[45,148314,51270],{"class":55},[45,148316,208],{"class":202},[45,148318,1213],{"class":59},[45,148320,148321,148323,148325,148327,148330,148332],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,148322,8055],{"class":124},[45,148324,109],{"class":59},[45,148326,64],{"class":63},[45,148328,148329],{"class":67},"The score 10 is repeated.",[45,148331,64],{"class":63},[45,148333,118],{"class":59},[14,148335,268],{},[36,148337,148339],{"className":38,"code":148338,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[18,148340,148341],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148342,148343,148346,148348,148350,148353],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148344,148345],{"class":51},"The score ",[45,148347,585],{"class":202},[45,148349,8082],{"class":55},[45,148351,148352],{"class":51}," repeated",[45,148354,122225],{"class":59},[31,148356,148358],{"id":148357},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148360,148361],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[157,148363,148364,148370,148375,148378],{},[160,148365,148366,148367,148369],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[18,148368,57268],{}," still works because it only reads data",[160,148371,148372,148374],{},[18,148373,57268],{}," counts exact matches",[160,148376,148377],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[160,148379,148380,1301,148382,148384],{},[18,148381,203],{},[18,148383,42139],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148386,345],{},[36,148388,148390],{"className":38,"code":148389,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[18,148391,148392,148426,148430,148450,148474],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148393,148394,148396,148398,148400,148402,148404,148407,148409,148411,148414,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148395,3816],{"class":51},[45,148397,56],{"class":55},[45,148399,9222],{"class":59},[45,148401,203],{"class":202},[45,148403,73],{"class":59},[45,148405,148406],{"class":202}," 1.0",[45,148408,73],{"class":59},[45,148410,76],{"class":63},[45,148412,148413],{"class":67},"Cat",[45,148415,64],{"class":63},[45,148417,73],{"class":59},[45,148419,76],{"class":63},[45,148421,37027],{"class":67},[45,148423,64],{"class":63},[45,148425,118],{"class":59},[45,148427,148428],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,148429,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,148431,148432,148434,148436,148438,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,148433,125],{"class":124},[45,148435,109],{"class":59},[45,148437,5350],{"class":105},[45,148439,102],{"class":59},[45,148441,1795],{"class":105},[45,148443,109],{"class":59},[45,148445,203],{"class":202},[45,148447,5353],{"class":59},[45,148449,51076],{"class":137},[45,148451,148452,148454,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,148453,125],{"class":124},[45,148455,109],{"class":59},[45,148457,5350],{"class":105},[45,148459,102],{"class":59},[45,148461,1795],{"class":105},[45,148463,109],{"class":59},[45,148465,64],{"class":63},[45,148467,148413],{"class":67},[45,148469,64],{"class":63},[45,148471,5353],{"class":59},[45,148473,27761],{"class":137},[45,148475,148476,148478,148480,148482,148484,148486,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,148477,125],{"class":124},[45,148479,109],{"class":59},[45,148481,5350],{"class":105},[45,148483,102],{"class":59},[45,148485,1795],{"class":105},[45,148487,109],{"class":59},[45,148489,64],{"class":63},[45,148491,37027],{"class":67},[45,148493,64],{"class":63},[45,148495,5353],{"class":59},[45,148497,27761],{"class":137},[14,148499,5148,148500,5151,148503,2485],{},[18,148501,148502],{},"values.count(1)",[18,148504,234],{},[14,148506,8770,148507,4774,148510,148512],{},[18,148508,148509],{},"1 == 1.0",[18,148511,3598],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[31,148514,1709],{"id":1708},[1864,148516,1736,148518,148520],{"id":148517},"using-count-without-parentheses",[18,148519,1795],{}," without parentheses",[14,148522,148523],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[36,148525,148527],{"className":38,"code":148526,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[18,148528,148529,148553],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148530,148531,148533,148535,148537,148539,148541,148543,148545,148547,148549,148551],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148532,195],{"class":51},[45,148534,56],{"class":55},[45,148536,9222],{"class":59},[45,148538,203],{"class":202},[45,148540,73],{"class":59},[45,148542,208],{"class":202},[45,148544,73],{"class":59},[45,148546,208],{"class":202},[45,148548,73],{"class":59},[45,148550,213],{"class":202},[45,148552,118],{"class":59},[45,148554,148555,148557,148559,148561,148563,148565],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,148556,125],{"class":124},[45,148558,109],{"class":59},[45,148560,251],{"class":105},[45,148562,102],{"class":59},[45,148564,1795],{"class":1831},[45,148566,118],{"class":59},[14,148568,148569],{},"To call the method correctly:",[36,148571,148573],{"className":38,"code":148572,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[18,148574,148575],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148576,148577,148579,148581,148583,148585,148587,148589,148591],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148578,125],{"class":124},[45,148580,109],{"class":59},[45,148582,251],{"class":105},[45,148584,102],{"class":59},[45,148586,1795],{"class":105},[45,148588,109],{"class":59},[45,148590,234],{"class":202},[45,148592,1802],{"class":59},[1864,148594,1722,148595,8439,148597,1742,148599],{"id":58570},[18,148596,57268],{},[18,148598,3598],{},[18,148600,3667],{},[14,148602,148603,58581],{},[18,148604,57268],{},[36,148606,148608],{"className":38,"code":148607,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[18,148609,148610,148642,148664,148668],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148611,148612,148614,148616,148618,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632,148634,148636,148638,148640],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148613,355],{"class":51},[45,148615,56],{"class":55},[45,148617,9222],{"class":59},[45,148619,64],{"class":63},[45,148621,364],{"class":67},[45,148623,64],{"class":63},[45,148625,73],{"class":59},[45,148627,76],{"class":63},[45,148629,373],{"class":67},[45,148631,64],{"class":63},[45,148633,73],{"class":59},[45,148635,76],{"class":63},[45,148637,364],{"class":67},[45,148639,64],{"class":63},[45,148641,118],{"class":59},[45,148643,148644,148646,148648,148650,148652,148654,148656,148658,148660,148662],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,148645,220],{"class":51},[45,148647,56],{"class":55},[45,148649,70067],{"class":51},[45,148651,102],{"class":59},[45,148653,1795],{"class":105},[45,148655,109],{"class":59},[45,148657,64],{"class":63},[45,148659,364],{"class":67},[45,148661,64],{"class":63},[45,148663,118],{"class":59},[45,148665,148666],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,148667,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,148669,148670,148672,148674,148676,148678],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,148671,125],{"class":124},[45,148673,109],{"class":59},[45,148675,263],{"class":105},[45,148677,3654],{"class":59},[45,148679,51397],{"class":137},[14,148681,148682,148683,148685],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[18,148684,976],{}," is often simpler:",[36,148687,148689],{"className":38,"code":148688,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[18,148690,148691],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148692,148693,148695,148697,148699,148701,148703,148705,148707,148709],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148694,125],{"class":124},[45,148696,109],{"class":59},[45,148698,64],{"class":63},[45,148700,364],{"class":67},[45,148702,64],{"class":63},[45,148704,1134],{"class":969},[45,148706,70067],{"class":105},[45,148708,3654],{"class":59},[45,148710,3657],{"class":137},[1864,148712,37184,148714,8689,148716],{"id":148713},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[18,148715,147718],{},[18,148717,57273],{},[14,148719,148720],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148722,148723],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1864,148725,148727],{"id":148726},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148729,148730,148732],{},[18,148731,57268],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[36,148734,148736],{"className":38,"code":148735,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[18,148737,148738,148771,148797],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148739,148740,148742,148744,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148759,148761,148763,148765,148767,148769],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148741,4062],{"class":51},[45,148743,56],{"class":55},[45,148745,9222],{"class":59},[45,148747,64],{"class":63},[45,148749,68],{"class":67},[45,148751,64],{"class":63},[45,148753,73],{"class":59},[45,148755,76],{"class":63},[45,148757,148758],{"class":67},"pineapple",[45,148760,64],{"class":63},[45,148762,73],{"class":59},[45,148764,76],{"class":63},[45,148766,68],{"class":67},[45,148768,64],{"class":63},[45,148770,118],{"class":59},[45,148772,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783,148785,148787,148790,148792,148794],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,148774,125],{"class":124},[45,148776,109],{"class":59},[45,148778,4104],{"class":105},[45,148780,102],{"class":59},[45,148782,1795],{"class":105},[45,148784,109],{"class":59},[45,148786,64],{"class":63},[45,148788,148789],{"class":67},"app",[45,148791,64],{"class":63},[45,148793,5353],{"class":59},[45,148795,148796],{"class":137},"    # 0\n",[45,148798,148799,148801,148803,148805,148807,148809,148811,148813,148815,148817,148819],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,148800,125],{"class":124},[45,148802,109],{"class":59},[45,148804,4104],{"class":105},[45,148806,102],{"class":59},[45,148808,1795],{"class":105},[45,148810,109],{"class":59},[45,148812,64],{"class":63},[45,148814,68],{"class":67},[45,148816,64],{"class":63},[45,148818,5353],{"class":59},[45,148820,51397],{"class":137},[14,148822,148823,148826,148827,102],{},[18,148824,148825],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[18,148828,2114],{},[31,148830,148832],{"id":148831},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,148834,148835],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[157,148837,148838,148843,148852,148858],{},[160,148839,141,148840,148842],{},[18,148841,976],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[160,148844,141,148845,148851],{},[364,148846,148848,148849],{"href":148847},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[18,148850,58944],{}," to find the position of a value",[160,148853,141,148854,148857],{},[18,148855,148856],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[160,148859,148860],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,148862,1336,148863,1111],{},[18,148864,976],{},[36,148866,148868],{"className":38,"code":148867,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[18,148869,148870,148890,148894,148910],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148871,148872,148874,148876,148878,148880,148882,148884,148886,148888],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148873,195],{"class":51},[45,148875,56],{"class":55},[45,148877,9222],{"class":59},[45,148879,2498],{"class":202},[45,148881,73],{"class":59},[45,148883,5980],{"class":202},[45,148885,73],{"class":59},[45,148887,54119],{"class":202},[45,148889,118],{"class":59},[45,148891,148892],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,148893,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,148895,148896,148898,148900,148902,148904,148906,148908],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,148897,125],{"class":124},[45,148899,109],{"class":59},[45,148901,2019],{"class":202},[45,148903,1134],{"class":969},[45,148905,225],{"class":105},[45,148907,3654],{"class":59},[45,148909,43837],{"class":137},[45,148911,148912,148914,148916,148918,148920,148922,148924],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,148913,125],{"class":124},[45,148915,109],{"class":59},[45,148917,2131],{"class":202},[45,148919,1134],{"class":969},[45,148921,225],{"class":105},[45,148923,3654],{"class":59},[45,148925,43854],{"class":137},[14,148927,1336,148928,1111],{},[18,148929,58944],{},[36,148931,148933],{"className":38,"code":148932,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[18,148934,148935,148959],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148936,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951,148953,148955,148957],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148938,195],{"class":51},[45,148940,56],{"class":55},[45,148942,9222],{"class":59},[45,148944,2498],{"class":202},[45,148946,73],{"class":59},[45,148948,5980],{"class":202},[45,148950,73],{"class":59},[45,148952,54119],{"class":202},[45,148954,73],{"class":59},[45,148956,5980],{"class":202},[45,148958,118],{"class":59},[45,148960,148961,148963,148965,148967,148969,148971,148973,148975,148977],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,148962,125],{"class":124},[45,148964,109],{"class":59},[45,148966,251],{"class":105},[45,148968,102],{"class":59},[45,148970,1321],{"class":105},[45,148972,109],{"class":59},[45,148974,2019],{"class":202},[45,148976,5353],{"class":59},[45,148978,27761],{"class":137},[14,148980,148981,148983,148984,148986,148988],{},[18,148982,57268],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9832,148985],{},[18,148987,58944],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[31,148990,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,148992,5133,148994,5136],{"id":148993},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[18,148995,147718],{},[14,148997,148998],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1864,149000,175,149002,149004],{"id":149001},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[18,149003,147718],{}," change the tuple?",[14,149006,149007],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1864,149009,149011],{"id":149010},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,149013,11899,149014,102],{},[18,149015,2114],{},[1864,149017,5160,149019,149021],{"id":149018},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[18,149020,147718],{}," count strings?",[14,149023,149024],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1864,149026,5170,149028,1301,149030,2485],{"id":149027},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[18,149029,147718],{},[18,149031,149032],{},"tuple.index()",[14,149034,149035,149037,149038,149040],{},[18,149036,57268],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[18,149039,58944],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[31,149042,1909],{"id":1908},[157,149044,149045,149049,149054,149061,149069],{},[160,149046,149047],{},[364,149048,147827],{"href":147826},[160,149050,149051],{},[364,149052,149053],{"href":147830},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[160,149055,149056],{},[364,149057,149058,149059,10728],{"href":148847},"Python tuple ",[18,149060,58944],{},[160,149062,149063],{},[364,149064,149066,149067],{"href":149065},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[18,149068,42342],{},[160,149070,149071],{},[364,149072,58933],{"href":58932},[1936,149074,149075],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":149077},[149078,149080,149083,149084,149085,149086,149087,149095,149096,149107],{"id":147794,"depth":96,"text":149079},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147834,"depth":96,"text":147835,"children":149081},[149082],{"id":102945,"depth":121,"text":102946},{"id":11463,"depth":96,"text":11464},{"id":38000,"depth":96,"text":38001},{"id":41026,"depth":96,"text":41027},{"id":148357,"depth":96,"text":148358},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":149088},[149089,149091,149092,149094],{"id":148517,"depth":121,"text":149090},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58570,"depth":121,"text":58985},{"id":148713,"depth":121,"text":149093},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148726,"depth":121,"text":148727},{"id":148831,"depth":96,"text":148832},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":149097},[149098,149100,149102,149103,149105],{"id":148993,"depth":121,"text":149099},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149001,"depth":121,"text":149101},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149010,"depth":121,"text":149011},{"id":149018,"depth":121,"text":149104},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149027,"depth":121,"text":149106},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147705,"description":149108},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149115,"title":149116,"body":149117,"description":150804,"extension":1958,"meta":150805,"navigation":241,"path":150806,"seo":150807,"stem":150808,"__hash__":150809},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149118,"toc":150767},[149119,149122,149125,149134,149136,149266,149268,149329,149335,149337,149357,149361,149364,149367,149402,149404,149425,149428,149467,149469,149494,149501,149505,149508,149545,149547,149570,149573,149576,149588,149594,149598,149601,149607,149648,149650,149673,149676,149717,149719,149746,149748,149765,149767,149784,149787,149791,149794,149796,149830,149832,149879,149883,149922,149926,149929,149986,149988,150029,150035,150041,150046,150048,150085,150087,150107,150109,150142,150144,150177,150180,150184,150217,150219,150244,150247,150249,150263,150270,150272,150275,150279,150282,150317,150320,150355,150359,150362,150401,150404,150443,150447,150449,150479,150482,150489,150491,150523,150526,150558,150561,150592,150594,150611,150615,150618,150682,150684,150688,150695,150699,150702,150706,150709,150713,150716,150721,150727,150729,150764],[10,149120,149116],{"id":149121},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149123,149124],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149126,149127,149128,1742,149132,102],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[364,149129,149131],{"href":149130},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[364,149133,147827],{"href":147826},[31,149135,34],{"id":33},[36,149137,149139],{"className":38,"code":149138,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[18,149140,149141,149161,149170,149184,149220,149224,149234,149244,149255],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149142,149143,149145,149147,149149,149151,149153,149155,149157,149159],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149144,195],{"class":51},[45,149146,56],{"class":55},[45,149148,9222],{"class":59},[45,149150,203],{"class":202},[45,149152,73],{"class":59},[45,149154,208],{"class":202},[45,149156,73],{"class":59},[45,149158,213],{"class":202},[45,149160,118],{"class":59},[45,149162,149163,149165,149167],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,149164,124691],{"class":51},[45,149166,56],{"class":55},[45,149168,149169],{"class":59}," ()\n",[45,149171,149172,149175,149177,149179,149181],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149173,149174],{"class":51},"one_item ",[45,149176,56],{"class":55},[45,149178,9222],{"class":59},[45,149180,2131],{"class":202},[45,149182,149183],{"class":59},",)\n",[45,149185,149186,149189,149191,149194,149196,149198,149200,149202,149204,149206,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216,149218],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,149187,149188],{"class":51},"from_list ",[45,149190,56],{"class":55},[45,149192,149193],{"class":315}," tuple",[45,149195,2979],{"class":59},[45,149197,64],{"class":63},[45,149199,364],{"class":67},[45,149201,64],{"class":63},[45,149203,73],{"class":59},[45,149205,76],{"class":63},[45,149207,373],{"class":67},[45,149209,64],{"class":63},[45,149211,73],{"class":59},[45,149213,76],{"class":63},[45,149215,382],{"class":67},[45,149217,64],{"class":63},[45,149219,3880],{"class":59},[45,149221,149222],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,149223,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,149225,149226,149228,149230,149232],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,149227,125],{"class":124},[45,149229,109],{"class":59},[45,149231,251],{"class":105},[45,149233,118],{"class":59},[45,149235,149236,149238,149240,149242],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,149237,125],{"class":124},[45,149239,109],{"class":59},[45,149241,124742],{"class":105},[45,149243,118],{"class":59},[45,149245,149246,149248,149250,149253],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,149247,125],{"class":124},[45,149249,109],{"class":59},[45,149251,149252],{"class":105},"one_item",[45,149254,118],{"class":59},[45,149256,149257,149259,149261,149264],{"class":47,"line":6418},[45,149258,125],{"class":124},[45,149260,109],{"class":59},[45,149262,149263],{"class":105},"from_list",[45,149265,118],{"class":59},[14,149267,268],{},[36,149269,149271],{"className":38,"code":149270,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,149272,149273,149289,149293,149301],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149274,149275,149277,149279,149281,149283,149285,149287],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149276,109],{"class":59},[45,149278,203],{"class":202},[45,149280,73],{"class":59},[45,149282,208],{"class":202},[45,149284,73],{"class":59},[45,149286,213],{"class":202},[45,149288,118],{"class":59},[45,149290,149291],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,149292,8627],{"class":59},[45,149294,149295,149297,149299],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149296,109],{"class":59},[45,149298,2131],{"class":202},[45,149300,149183],{"class":59},[45,149302,149303,149305,149307,149309,149311,149313,149315,149317,149319,149321,149323,149325,149327],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,149304,109],{"class":59},[45,149306,429],{"class":63},[45,149308,364],{"class":67},[45,149310,429],{"class":63},[45,149312,73],{"class":59},[45,149314,438],{"class":63},[45,149316,373],{"class":67},[45,149318,429],{"class":63},[45,149320,73],{"class":59},[45,149322,438],{"class":63},[45,149324,382],{"class":67},[45,149326,429],{"class":63},[45,149328,118],{"class":59},[14,149330,149331,149332,102],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[18,149333,149334],{},"(5,)",[31,149336,15149],{"id":15148},[157,149338,149339,149342,149345,149348,149351,149354],{},[160,149340,149341],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[160,149343,149344],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[160,149346,149347],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[160,149349,149350],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[160,149352,149353],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[160,149355,149356],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[31,149358,149360],{"id":149359},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149362,149363],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149365,149366],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[36,149368,149370],{"className":38,"code":149369,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,149371,149372,149392],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149373,149374,149376,149378,149380,149382,149384,149386,149388,149390],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149375,195],{"class":51},[45,149377,56],{"class":55},[45,149379,9222],{"class":59},[45,149381,203],{"class":202},[45,149383,73],{"class":59},[45,149385,208],{"class":202},[45,149387,73],{"class":59},[45,149389,213],{"class":202},[45,149391,118],{"class":59},[45,149393,149394,149396,149398,149400],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,149395,125],{"class":124},[45,149397,109],{"class":59},[45,149399,251],{"class":105},[45,149401,118],{"class":59},[14,149403,268],{},[36,149405,149407],{"className":38,"code":149406,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,149408,149409],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149410,149411,149413,149415,149417,149419,149421,149423],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149412,109],{"class":59},[45,149414,203],{"class":202},[45,149416,73],{"class":59},[45,149418,208],{"class":202},[45,149420,73],{"class":59},[45,149422,213],{"class":202},[45,149424,118],{"class":59},[14,149426,149427],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[36,149429,149431],{"className":38,"code":149430,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[18,149432,149433,149457],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149434,149435,149437,149439,149441,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149436,9151],{"class":51},[45,149438,56],{"class":55},[45,149440,9222],{"class":59},[45,149442,203],{"class":202},[45,149444,73],{"class":59},[45,149446,76],{"class":63},[45,149448,68],{"class":67},[45,149450,64],{"class":63},[45,149452,73],{"class":59},[45,149454,3907],{"class":291},[45,149456,118],{"class":59},[45,149458,149459,149461,149463,149465],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,149460,125],{"class":124},[45,149462,109],{"class":59},[45,149464,9190],{"class":105},[45,149466,118],{"class":59},[14,149468,268],{},[36,149470,149472],{"className":38,"code":149471,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[18,149473,149474],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149475,149476,149478,149480,149482,149484,149486,149488,149490,149492],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149477,109],{"class":59},[45,149479,203],{"class":202},[45,149481,73],{"class":59},[45,149483,438],{"class":63},[45,149485,68],{"class":67},[45,149487,429],{"class":63},[45,149489,73],{"class":59},[45,149491,3907],{"class":291},[45,149493,118],{"class":59},[14,149495,149496,149497,102],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[364,149498,149500],{"href":149499},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[31,149502,149504],{"id":149503},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149506,149507],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[36,149509,149511],{"className":38,"code":149510,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,149512,149513,149521,149531],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149514,149515,149517,149519],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149516,124691],{"class":51},[45,149518,56],{"class":55},[45,149520,149169],{"class":59},[45,149522,149523,149525,149527,149529],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,149524,125],{"class":124},[45,149526,109],{"class":59},[45,149528,124742],{"class":105},[45,149530,118],{"class":59},[45,149532,149533,149535,149537,149539,149541,149543],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149534,125],{"class":124},[45,149536,109],{"class":59},[45,149538,1811],{"class":315},[45,149540,109],{"class":59},[45,149542,124742],{"class":105},[45,149544,1802],{"class":59},[14,149546,268],{},[36,149548,149550],{"className":38,"code":149549,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149551,149552,149556],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149553,149554],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149555,8627],{"class":59},[45,149557,149558,149560,149562,149564,149566,149568],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,149559,3284],{"class":55},[45,149561,3287],{"class":2059},[45,149563,438],{"class":63},[45,149565,48935],{"class":67},[45,149567,429],{"class":63},[45,149569,3296],{"class":55},[14,149571,149572],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149574,149575],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[157,149577,149578,149583],{},[160,149579,149580,149581],{},"Empty tuple: ",[18,149582,7353],{},[160,149584,149585,149586],{},"Empty list: ",[18,149587,3780],{},[14,149589,149590,149591,102],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[364,149592,149593],{"href":57131},"Python list: creating a list",[31,149595,149597],{"id":149596},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149599,149600],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149602,149603,149604,149606],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[26,149605,178],{}," automatically a tuple:",[36,149608,149610],{"className":38,"code":149609,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,149611,149612,149624,149634],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149613,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149615,1185],{"class":51},[45,149617,56],{"class":55},[45,149619,9222],{"class":59},[45,149621,2131],{"class":202},[45,149623,118],{"class":59},[45,149625,149626,149628,149630,149632],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,149627,125],{"class":124},[45,149629,109],{"class":59},[45,149631,28],{"class":105},[45,149633,118],{"class":59},[45,149635,149636,149638,149640,149642,149644,149646],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149637,125],{"class":124},[45,149639,109],{"class":59},[45,149641,1811],{"class":315},[45,149643,109],{"class":59},[45,149645,28],{"class":105},[45,149647,1802],{"class":59},[14,149649,268],{},[36,149651,149653],{"className":38,"code":149652,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,149654,149655,149659],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149656,149657],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149658,2940],{"class":202},[45,149660,149661,149663,149665,149667,149669,149671],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,149662,3284],{"class":55},[45,149664,3287],{"class":2059},[45,149666,438],{"class":63},[45,149668,2184],{"class":67},[45,149670,429],{"class":63},[45,149672,3296],{"class":55},[14,149674,149675],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[36,149677,149679],{"className":38,"code":149678,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[18,149680,149681,149693,149703],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149682,149683,149685,149687,149689,149691],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149684,149174],{"class":51},[45,149686,56],{"class":55},[45,149688,9222],{"class":59},[45,149690,2131],{"class":202},[45,149692,149183],{"class":59},[45,149694,149695,149697,149699,149701],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,149696,125],{"class":124},[45,149698,109],{"class":59},[45,149700,149252],{"class":105},[45,149702,118],{"class":59},[45,149704,149705,149707,149709,149711,149713,149715],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149706,125],{"class":124},[45,149708,109],{"class":59},[45,149710,1811],{"class":315},[45,149712,109],{"class":59},[45,149714,149252],{"class":105},[45,149716,1802],{"class":59},[14,149718,268],{},[36,149720,149722],{"className":38,"code":149721,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149723,149724,149732],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149725,149726,149728,149730],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149727,109],{"class":59},[45,149729,2131],{"class":202},[45,149731,149183],{"class":59},[45,149733,149734,149736,149738,149740,149742,149744],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,149735,3284],{"class":55},[45,149737,3287],{"class":2059},[45,149739,438],{"class":63},[45,149741,48935],{"class":67},[45,149743,429],{"class":63},[45,149745,3296],{"class":55},[14,149747,16641],{},[36,149749,149751],{"className":38,"code":149750,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(\"apple\",)\n",[18,149752,149753],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149754,149755,149757,149759,149761,149763],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149756,109],{"class":59},[45,149758,64],{"class":63},[45,149760,68],{"class":67},[45,149762,64],{"class":63},[45,149764,149183],{"class":59},[14,149766,16629],{},[36,149768,149770],{"className":38,"code":149769,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(\"apple\")\n",[18,149771,149772],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149773,149774,149776,149778,149780,149782],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149775,109],{"class":59},[45,149777,64],{"class":63},[45,149779,68],{"class":67},[45,149781,64],{"class":63},[45,149783,118],{"class":59},[14,149785,149786],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[31,149788,149790],{"id":149789},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,149792,149793],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1864,149795,56439],{"id":251},[36,149797,149798],{"className":38,"code":149369,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,149799,149800,149820],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149801,149802,149804,149806,149808,149810,149812,149814,149816,149818],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149803,195],{"class":51},[45,149805,56],{"class":55},[45,149807,9222],{"class":59},[45,149809,203],{"class":202},[45,149811,73],{"class":59},[45,149813,208],{"class":202},[45,149815,73],{"class":59},[45,149817,213],{"class":202},[45,149819,118],{"class":59},[45,149821,149822,149824,149826,149828],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,149823,125],{"class":124},[45,149825,109],{"class":59},[45,149827,251],{"class":105},[45,149829,118],{"class":59},[1864,149831,56442],{"id":5300},[36,149833,149835],{"className":38,"code":149834,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,149836,149837,149869],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149838,149839,149841,149843,149845,149847,149849,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859,149861,149863,149865,149867],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149840,461],{"class":51},[45,149842,56],{"class":55},[45,149844,9222],{"class":59},[45,149846,64],{"class":63},[45,149848,470],{"class":67},[45,149850,64],{"class":63},[45,149852,73],{"class":59},[45,149854,76],{"class":63},[45,149856,488],{"class":67},[45,149858,64],{"class":63},[45,149860,73],{"class":59},[45,149862,76],{"class":63},[45,149864,479],{"class":67},[45,149866,64],{"class":63},[45,149868,118],{"class":59},[45,149870,149871,149873,149875,149877],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,149872,125],{"class":124},[45,149874,109],{"class":59},[45,149876,497],{"class":105},[45,149878,118],{"class":59},[1864,149880,149882],{"id":149881},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[36,149884,149886],{"className":38,"code":149885,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,149887,149888,149912],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149889,149890,149892,149894,149896,149898,149900,149902,149904,149906,149908,149910],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149891,59449],{"class":51},[45,149893,56],{"class":55},[45,149895,9222],{"class":59},[45,149897,203],{"class":202},[45,149899,73],{"class":59},[45,149901,76],{"class":63},[45,149903,68],{"class":67},[45,149905,64],{"class":63},[45,149907,73],{"class":59},[45,149909,3907],{"class":291},[45,149911,118],{"class":59},[45,149913,149914,149916,149918,149920],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,149915,125],{"class":124},[45,149917,109],{"class":59},[45,149919,59502],{"class":105},[45,149921,118],{"class":59},[1864,149923,149925],{"id":149924},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,149927,149928],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[36,149930,149932],{"className":38,"code":149931,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[18,149933,149934,149975],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149935,149936,149939,149941,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967,149969,149971,149973],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149937,149938],{"class":51},"nested ",[45,149940,56],{"class":55},[45,149942,9222],{"class":59},[45,149944,203],{"class":202},[45,149946,73],{"class":59},[45,149948,9222],{"class":59},[45,149950,64],{"class":63},[45,149952,364],{"class":67},[45,149954,64],{"class":63},[45,149956,73],{"class":59},[45,149958,76],{"class":63},[45,149960,373],{"class":67},[45,149962,64],{"class":63},[45,149964,9219],{"class":59},[45,149966,60],{"class":59},[45,149968,585],{"class":202},[45,149970,73],{"class":59},[45,149972,590],{"class":202},[45,149974,3880],{"class":59},[45,149976,149977,149979,149981,149984],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,149978,125],{"class":124},[45,149980,109],{"class":59},[45,149982,149983],{"class":105},"nested",[45,149985,118],{"class":59},[14,149987,268],{},[36,149989,149991],{"className":38,"code":149990,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[18,149992,149993],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149994,149995,149997,149999,150001,150003,150005,150007,150009,150011,150013,150015,150017,150019,150021,150023,150025,150027],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149996,109],{"class":59},[45,149998,203],{"class":202},[45,150000,73],{"class":59},[45,150002,9222],{"class":59},[45,150004,429],{"class":63},[45,150006,364],{"class":67},[45,150008,429],{"class":63},[45,150010,73],{"class":59},[45,150012,438],{"class":63},[45,150014,373],{"class":67},[45,150016,429],{"class":63},[45,150018,9219],{"class":59},[45,150020,60],{"class":59},[45,150022,585],{"class":202},[45,150024,73],{"class":59},[45,150026,590],{"class":202},[45,150028,3880],{"class":59},[31,150030,150032,150033],{"id":150031},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[18,150034,38027],{},[14,150036,150037,150038,150040],{},"You can use the built-in ",[18,150039,38027],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,150042,150043,150044,102],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[364,150045,63195],{"href":63194},[1864,150047,105086],{"id":105085},[36,150049,150051],{"className":38,"code":150050,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,150052,150053,150075],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150054,150055,150057,150059,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150056,195],{"class":51},[45,150058,56],{"class":55},[45,150060,149193],{"class":315},[45,150062,2979],{"class":59},[45,150064,203],{"class":202},[45,150066,73],{"class":59},[45,150068,208],{"class":202},[45,150070,73],{"class":59},[45,150072,213],{"class":202},[45,150074,3880],{"class":59},[45,150076,150077,150079,150081,150083],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,150078,125],{"class":124},[45,150080,109],{"class":59},[45,150082,251],{"class":105},[45,150084,118],{"class":59},[14,150086,268],{},[36,150088,150089],{"className":38,"code":149406,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,150090,150091],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150092,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101,150103,150105],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150094,109],{"class":59},[45,150096,203],{"class":202},[45,150098,73],{"class":59},[45,150100,208],{"class":202},[45,150102,73],{"class":59},[45,150104,213],{"class":202},[45,150106,118],{"class":59},[1864,150108,105272],{"id":105271},[36,150110,150112],{"className":38,"code":150111,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,150113,150114,150132],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150115,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126,150128,150130],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150117,355],{"class":51},[45,150119,56],{"class":55},[45,150121,149193],{"class":315},[45,150123,109],{"class":59},[45,150125,64],{"class":63},[45,150127,41541],{"class":67},[45,150129,64],{"class":63},[45,150131,118],{"class":59},[45,150133,150134,150136,150138,150140],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,150135,125],{"class":124},[45,150137,109],{"class":59},[45,150139,391],{"class":105},[45,150141,118],{"class":59},[14,150143,268],{},[36,150145,150147],{"className":38,"code":150146,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,150148,150149],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150150,150151,150153,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171,150173,150175],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150152,109],{"class":59},[45,150154,429],{"class":63},[45,150156,364],{"class":67},[45,150158,429],{"class":63},[45,150160,73],{"class":59},[45,150162,438],{"class":63},[45,150164,373],{"class":67},[45,150166,429],{"class":63},[45,150168,73],{"class":59},[45,150170,438],{"class":63},[45,150172,382],{"class":67},[45,150174,429],{"class":63},[45,150176,118],{"class":59},[14,150178,150179],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1864,150181,150183],{"id":150182},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[36,150185,150187],{"className":38,"code":150186,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[18,150188,150189,150207],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150190,150191,150193,150195,150197,150199,150201,150203,150205],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150192,3816],{"class":51},[45,150194,56],{"class":55},[45,150196,149193],{"class":315},[45,150198,109],{"class":59},[45,150200,59975],{"class":124},[45,150202,109],{"class":59},[45,150204,2498],{"class":202},[45,150206,1802],{"class":59},[45,150208,150209,150211,150213,150215],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,150210,125],{"class":124},[45,150212,109],{"class":59},[45,150214,5350],{"class":105},[45,150216,118],{"class":59},[14,150218,268],{},[36,150220,150222],{"className":38,"code":150221,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[18,150223,150224],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150225,150226,150228,150230,150232,150234,150236,150238,150240,150242],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150227,109],{"class":59},[45,150229,2114],{"class":202},[45,150231,73],{"class":59},[45,150233,5488],{"class":202},[45,150235,73],{"class":59},[45,150237,208],{"class":202},[45,150239,73],{"class":59},[45,150241,213],{"class":202},[45,150243,118],{"class":59},[14,150245,150246],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[31,150248,20787],{"id":20786},[157,150250,150251,150254,150257,150260],{},[160,150252,150253],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[160,150255,150256],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[160,150258,150259],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[160,150261,150262],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150264,150265,150266,102],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[364,150267,150269],{"href":150268},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[31,150271,1709],{"id":1708},[14,150273,150274],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1864,150276,150278],{"id":150277},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150280,150281],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[36,150283,150285],{"className":38,"code":150284,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150286,150287,150303],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150288,150289,150291,150293,150295,150297,150299,150301],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150290,966],{"class":51},[45,150292,56],{"class":55},[45,150294,9222],{"class":59},[45,150296,64],{"class":63},[45,150298,68],{"class":67},[45,150300,64],{"class":63},[45,150302,118],{"class":59},[45,150304,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313,150315],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,150306,125],{"class":124},[45,150308,109],{"class":59},[45,150310,1811],{"class":315},[45,150312,109],{"class":59},[45,150314,23293],{"class":105},[45,150316,1802],{"class":59},[14,150318,150319],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[36,150321,150323],{"className":38,"code":150322,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150324,150325,150341],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150326,150327,150329,150331,150333,150335,150337,150339],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150328,966],{"class":51},[45,150330,56],{"class":55},[45,150332,9222],{"class":59},[45,150334,64],{"class":63},[45,150336,68],{"class":67},[45,150338,64],{"class":63},[45,150340,149183],{"class":59},[45,150342,150343,150345,150347,150349,150351,150353],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,150344,125],{"class":124},[45,150346,109],{"class":59},[45,150348,1811],{"class":315},[45,150350,109],{"class":59},[45,150352,23293],{"class":105},[45,150354,1802],{"class":59},[1864,150356,150358],{"id":150357},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150360,150361],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[36,150363,150365],{"className":38,"code":150364,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150366,150367,150387],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150368,150369,150371,150373,150375,150377,150379,150381,150383,150385],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150370,3816],{"class":51},[45,150372,56],{"class":55},[45,150374,60],{"class":59},[45,150376,203],{"class":202},[45,150378,73],{"class":59},[45,150380,208],{"class":202},[45,150382,73],{"class":59},[45,150384,213],{"class":202},[45,150386,93],{"class":59},[45,150388,150389,150391,150393,150395,150397,150399],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,150390,125],{"class":124},[45,150392,109],{"class":59},[45,150394,1811],{"class":315},[45,150396,109],{"class":59},[45,150398,5350],{"class":105},[45,150400,1802],{"class":59},[14,150402,150403],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[36,150405,150407],{"className":38,"code":150406,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150408,150409,150429],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150410,150411,150413,150415,150417,150419,150421,150423,150425,150427],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150412,3816],{"class":51},[45,150414,56],{"class":55},[45,150416,9222],{"class":59},[45,150418,203],{"class":202},[45,150420,73],{"class":59},[45,150422,208],{"class":202},[45,150424,73],{"class":59},[45,150426,213],{"class":202},[45,150428,118],{"class":59},[45,150430,150431,150433,150435,150437,150439,150441],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,150432,125],{"class":124},[45,150434,109],{"class":59},[45,150436,1811],{"class":315},[45,150438,109],{"class":59},[45,150440,5350],{"class":105},[45,150442,1802],{"class":59},[1864,150444,150446],{"id":150445},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150448,150259],{},[36,150450,150452],{"className":38,"code":150451,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[18,150453,150454,150474],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150455,150456,150458,150460,150462,150464,150466,150468,150470,150472],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150457,195],{"class":51},[45,150459,56],{"class":55},[45,150461,9222],{"class":59},[45,150463,203],{"class":202},[45,150465,73],{"class":59},[45,150467,208],{"class":202},[45,150469,73],{"class":59},[45,150471,213],{"class":202},[45,150473,118],{"class":59},[45,150475,150476],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,150477,150478],{"class":137},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150480,150481],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1864,150483,37184,150485,150488],{"id":150484},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[18,150486,150487],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150490,64621],{},[36,150492,150493],{"className":38,"code":150111,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,150494,150495,150513],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150496,150497,150499,150501,150503,150505,150507,150509,150511],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150498,355],{"class":51},[45,150500,56],{"class":55},[45,150502,149193],{"class":315},[45,150504,109],{"class":59},[45,150506,64],{"class":63},[45,150508,41541],{"class":67},[45,150510,64],{"class":63},[45,150512,118],{"class":59},[45,150514,150515,150517,150519,150521],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,150516,125],{"class":124},[45,150518,109],{"class":59},[45,150520,391],{"class":105},[45,150522,118],{"class":59},[14,150524,150525],{},"gives:",[36,150527,150528],{"className":38,"code":150146,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,150529,150530],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150531,150532,150534,150536,150538,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550,150552,150554,150556],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150533,109],{"class":59},[45,150535,429],{"class":63},[45,150537,364],{"class":67},[45,150539,429],{"class":63},[45,150541,73],{"class":59},[45,150543,438],{"class":63},[45,150545,373],{"class":67},[45,150547,429],{"class":63},[45,150549,73],{"class":59},[45,150551,438],{"class":63},[45,150553,382],{"class":67},[45,150555,429],{"class":63},[45,150557,118],{"class":59},[14,150559,150560],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[36,150562,150564],{"className":38,"code":150563,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[18,150565,150566,150582],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150567,150568,150570,150572,150574,150576,150578,150580],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150569,6141],{"class":51},[45,150571,56],{"class":55},[45,150573,9222],{"class":59},[45,150575,64],{"class":63},[45,150577,41541],{"class":67},[45,150579,64],{"class":63},[45,150581,149183],{"class":59},[45,150583,150584,150586,150588,150590],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,150585,125],{"class":124},[45,150587,109],{"class":59},[45,150589,38372],{"class":105},[45,150591,118],{"class":59},[14,150593,268],{},[36,150595,150597],{"className":38,"code":150596,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('abc',)\n",[18,150598,150599],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150600,150601,150603,150605,150607,150609],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150602,109],{"class":59},[45,150604,429],{"class":63},[45,150606,41541],{"class":67},[45,150608,429],{"class":63},[45,150610,149183],{"class":59},[1864,150612,150614],{"id":150613},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150616,150617],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[36,150619,150621],{"className":38,"code":150620,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,150622,150623,150640,150644,150654,150668],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150624,150625,150628,150630,150632,150634,150636,150638],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150626,150627],{"class":51},"my_tuple ",[45,150629,56],{"class":55},[45,150631,9222],{"class":59},[45,150633,64],{"class":63},[45,150635,68],{"class":67},[45,150637,64],{"class":63},[45,150639,149183],{"class":59},[45,150641,150642],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,150643,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,150645,150646,150648,150650,150652],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150647,125],{"class":124},[45,150649,109],{"class":59},[45,150651,147845],{"class":105},[45,150653,118],{"class":59},[45,150655,150656,150658,150660,150662,150664,150666],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,150657,125],{"class":124},[45,150659,109],{"class":59},[45,150661,1811],{"class":315},[45,150663,109],{"class":59},[45,150665,147845],{"class":105},[45,150667,1802],{"class":59},[45,150669,150670,150672,150674,150676,150678,150680],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,150671,125],{"class":124},[45,150673,109],{"class":59},[45,150675,11150],{"class":124},[45,150677,109],{"class":59},[45,150679,147845],{"class":105},[45,150681,1802],{"class":59},[31,150683,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,150685,150687],{"id":150686},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150689,150690,150691,150694],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[18,150692,150693],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1864,150696,150698],{"id":150697},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150700,150701],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1864,150703,150705],{"id":150704},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150707,150708],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1864,150710,150712],{"id":150711},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150714,150715],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1864,150717,5133,150719,12703],{"id":150718},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[18,150720,150487],{},[14,150722,1877,150723,150726],{},[18,150724,150725],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[31,150728,1909],{"id":1908},[157,150730,150731,150735,150739,150745,150750,150755,150759],{},[160,150732,150733],{},[364,150734,147827],{"href":147826},[160,150736,150737],{},[364,150738,149500],{"href":149499},[160,150740,150741],{},[364,150742,150744],{"href":150743},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[160,150746,150747],{},[364,150748,150749],{"href":149065},"Python tuple length with len()",[160,150751,150752],{},[364,150753,150754],{"href":149130},"What is a tuple in Python?",[160,150756,150757],{},[364,150758,63195],{"href":63194},[160,150760,150761],{},[364,150762,150763],{"href":150268},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1936,150765,150766],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":150768},[150769,150770,150771,150772,150773,150774,150780,150786,150787,150795,150803],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":15148,"depth":96,"text":15149},{"id":149359,"depth":96,"text":149360},{"id":149503,"depth":96,"text":149504},{"id":149596,"depth":96,"text":149597},{"id":149789,"depth":96,"text":149790,"children":150775},[150776,150777,150778,150779],{"id":251,"depth":121,"text":56439},{"id":5300,"depth":121,"text":56442},{"id":149881,"depth":121,"text":149882},{"id":149924,"depth":121,"text":149925},{"id":150031,"depth":96,"text":150781,"children":150782},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150783,150784,150785],{"id":105085,"depth":121,"text":105086},{"id":105271,"depth":121,"text":105272},{"id":150182,"depth":121,"text":150183},{"id":20786,"depth":96,"text":20787},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":150788},[150789,150790,150791,150792,150794],{"id":150277,"depth":121,"text":150278},{"id":150357,"depth":121,"text":150358},{"id":150445,"depth":121,"text":150446},{"id":150484,"depth":121,"text":150793},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150613,"depth":121,"text":150614},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":150796},[150797,150798,150799,150800,150801],{"id":150686,"depth":121,"text":150687},{"id":150697,"depth":121,"text":150698},{"id":150704,"depth":121,"text":150705},{"id":150711,"depth":121,"text":150712},{"id":150718,"depth":121,"text":150802},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149116,"description":150804},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150811,"title":150812,"body":150813,"description":152358,"extension":1958,"meta":152359,"navigation":241,"path":152360,"seo":152361,"stem":152362,"__hash__":152363},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150814,"toc":152328},[150815,150818,150823,150825,150838,150844,150846,150913,150915,150950,150955,150959,150963,150965,150976,150984,150986,150988,151009,151011,151031,151034,151036,151041,151084,151086,151108,151111,151124,151128,151132,151135,151188,151190,151211,151216,151220,151223,151268,151270,151303,151315,151319,151327,151364,151366,151395,151399,151402,151455,151457,151477,151484,151488,151493,151562,151564,151589,151593,151596,151602,151679,151681,151740,151742,151754,151759,151763,151767,151781,151783,151818,151820,151837,151840,151853,151857,151861,151872,151877,151892,151895,151898,151900,151903,151907,151909,151923,151925,151949,151954,151958,151961,151980,151983,152032,152037,152054,152057,152090,152094,152096,152147,152150,152175,152178,152201,152205,152211,152213,152248,152251,152256,152258,152262,152265,152269,152274,152278,152281,152285,152288,152292,152297,152299,152325],[10,150816,150812],{"id":150817},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,150819,9108,150820,150822],{},[18,150821,38027],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,150824,82427],{},[157,150826,150827,150832],{},[160,150828,150829,150831],{},[18,150830,38027],{}," creates an empty tuple",[160,150833,150834,150837],{},[18,150835,150836],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,150839,150840,150841,150843],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[18,150842,38027],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[31,150845,34],{"id":33},[36,150847,150849],{"className":38,"code":150848,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,150850,150851,150871,150885,150889,150899],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150852,150853,150855,150857,150859,150861,150863,150865,150867,150869],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150854,195],{"class":51},[45,150856,56],{"class":55},[45,150858,60],{"class":59},[45,150860,203],{"class":202},[45,150862,73],{"class":59},[45,150864,208],{"class":202},[45,150866,73],{"class":59},[45,150868,213],{"class":202},[45,150870,93],{"class":59},[45,150872,150873,150875,150877,150879,150881,150883],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,150874,220],{"class":51},[45,150876,56],{"class":55},[45,150878,149193],{"class":315},[45,150880,109],{"class":59},[45,150882,251],{"class":105},[45,150884,118],{"class":59},[45,150886,150887],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150888,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,150890,150891,150893,150895,150897],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,150892,125],{"class":124},[45,150894,109],{"class":59},[45,150896,263],{"class":105},[45,150898,118],{"class":59},[45,150900,150901,150903,150905,150907,150909,150911],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,150902,125],{"class":124},[45,150904,109],{"class":59},[45,150906,1811],{"class":315},[45,150908,109],{"class":59},[45,150910,263],{"class":105},[45,150912,1802],{"class":59},[14,150914,268],{},[36,150916,150918],{"className":38,"code":150917,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,150919,150920,150936],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150921,150922,150924,150926,150928,150930,150932,150934],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150923,109],{"class":59},[45,150925,203],{"class":202},[45,150927,73],{"class":59},[45,150929,208],{"class":202},[45,150931,73],{"class":59},[45,150933,213],{"class":202},[45,150935,118],{"class":59},[45,150937,150938,150940,150942,150944,150946,150948],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,150939,3284],{"class":55},[45,150941,3287],{"class":2059},[45,150943,438],{"class":63},[45,150945,48935],{"class":67},[45,150947,429],{"class":63},[45,150949,3296],{"class":55},[14,150951,141,150952,150954],{},[18,150953,150836],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[31,150956,150958],{"id":150957},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,150960,150961,62903],{},[18,150962,38027],{},[14,150964,48909],{},[157,150966,150967,150970,150973],{},[160,150968,150969],{},"creates a tuple object",[160,150971,150972],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[160,150974,150975],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,150977,150978,150979,150981,150982,102],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[364,150980,149131],{"href":149130}," or the full guide to ",[364,150983,147827],{"href":147826},[31,150985,2153],{"id":2152},[14,150987,26469],{},[36,150989,150991],{"className":38,"code":150990,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[18,150992,150993,150999],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150994,150995,150997],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150996,48935],{"class":315},[45,150998,8627],{"class":59},[45,151000,151001,151003,151005,151007],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,151002,48935],{"class":315},[45,151004,109],{"class":59},[45,151006,3714],{"class":105},[45,151008,118],{"class":59},[14,151010,11447],{},[157,151012,151013,151016],{},[160,151014,151015],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[160,151017,151018,151019],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[157,151020,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029],{},[160,151022,5291],{},[160,151024,5300],{},[160,151026,62974],{},[160,151028,5297],{},[160,151030,7238],{},[14,151032,151033],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[31,151035,149504],{"id":149503},[14,151037,29631,151038,151040],{},[18,151039,38027],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[36,151042,151044],{"className":38,"code":151043,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,151045,151046,151056,151060,151070],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151047,151048,151050,151052,151054],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151049,124691],{"class":51},[45,151051,56],{"class":55},[45,151053,149193],{"class":315},[45,151055,8627],{"class":59},[45,151057,151058],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,151059,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,151061,151062,151064,151066,151068],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151063,125],{"class":124},[45,151065,109],{"class":59},[45,151067,124742],{"class":105},[45,151069,118],{"class":59},[45,151071,151072,151074,151076,151078,151080,151082],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,151073,125],{"class":124},[45,151075,109],{"class":59},[45,151077,1811],{"class":315},[45,151079,109],{"class":59},[45,151081,124742],{"class":105},[45,151083,1802],{"class":59},[14,151085,268],{},[36,151087,151088],{"className":38,"code":149549,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,151089,151090,151094],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151091,151092],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151093,8627],{"class":59},[45,151095,151096,151098,151100,151102,151104,151106],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,151097,3284],{"class":55},[45,151099,3287],{"class":2059},[45,151101,438],{"class":63},[45,151103,48935],{"class":67},[45,151105,429],{"class":63},[45,151107,3296],{"class":55},[14,151109,151110],{},"This is equivalent to:",[36,151112,151114],{"className":38,"code":151113,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty = ()\n",[18,151115,151116],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151117,151118,151120,151122],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151119,124691],{"class":51},[45,151121,56],{"class":55},[45,151123,149169],{"class":59},[31,151125,151127],{"id":151126},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1864,151129,151131],{"id":151130},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151133,151134],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[36,151136,151138],{"className":38,"code":151137,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151139,151140,151160,151174,151178],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151141,151142,151144,151146,151148,151150,151152,151154,151156,151158],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151143,195],{"class":51},[45,151145,56],{"class":55},[45,151147,60],{"class":59},[45,151149,585],{"class":202},[45,151151,73],{"class":59},[45,151153,590],{"class":202},[45,151155,73],{"class":59},[45,151157,595],{"class":202},[45,151159,93],{"class":59},[45,151161,151162,151164,151166,151168,151170,151172],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,151163,220],{"class":51},[45,151165,56],{"class":55},[45,151167,149193],{"class":315},[45,151169,109],{"class":59},[45,151171,251],{"class":105},[45,151173,118],{"class":59},[45,151175,151176],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151177,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,151179,151180,151182,151184,151186],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,151181,125],{"class":124},[45,151183,109],{"class":59},[45,151185,263],{"class":105},[45,151187,118],{"class":59},[14,151189,268],{},[36,151191,151193],{"className":38,"code":151192,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[18,151194,151195],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151196,151197,151199,151201,151203,151205,151207,151209],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151198,109],{"class":59},[45,151200,585],{"class":202},[45,151202,73],{"class":59},[45,151204,590],{"class":202},[45,151206,73],{"class":59},[45,151208,595],{"class":202},[45,151210,118],{"class":59},[14,151212,151213,151214,102],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[364,151215,104891],{"href":60032},[1864,151217,151219],{"id":151218},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151221,151222],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[36,151224,151226],{"className":38,"code":151225,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151227,151228,151240,151254,151258],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151229,151230,151232,151234,151236,151238],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151231,34669],{"class":51},[45,151233,56],{"class":55},[45,151235,76],{"class":63},[45,151237,37027],{"class":67},[45,151239,1194],{"class":63},[45,151241,151242,151244,151246,151248,151250,151252],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,151243,220],{"class":51},[45,151245,56],{"class":55},[45,151247,149193],{"class":315},[45,151249,109],{"class":59},[45,151251,34690],{"class":105},[45,151253,118],{"class":59},[45,151255,151256],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151257,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,151259,151260,151262,151264,151266],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,151261,125],{"class":124},[45,151263,109],{"class":59},[45,151265,263],{"class":105},[45,151267,118],{"class":59},[14,151269,268],{},[36,151271,151273],{"className":38,"code":151272,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[18,151274,151275],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151276,151277,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287,151289,151291,151293,151295,151297,151299,151301],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151278,109],{"class":59},[45,151280,429],{"class":63},[45,151282,382],{"class":67},[45,151284,429],{"class":63},[45,151286,73],{"class":59},[45,151288,438],{"class":63},[45,151290,364],{"class":67},[45,151292,429],{"class":63},[45,151294,73],{"class":59},[45,151296,438],{"class":63},[45,151298,63264],{"class":67},[45,151300,429],{"class":63},[45,151302,118],{"class":59},[14,151304,151305,151306,14039,151309,151311,151312,102],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[18,151307,151308],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[26,151310,178],{}," create ",[18,151313,151314],{},"('cat',)",[1864,151316,151318],{"id":151317},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151320,151321,151323,151324,151326],{},[18,151322,36178],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[18,151325,38027],{}," collects them all.",[36,151328,151330],{"className":38,"code":151329,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151331,151332,151350,151354],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151333,151334,151336,151338,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151335,220],{"class":51},[45,151337,56],{"class":55},[45,151339,149193],{"class":315},[45,151341,109],{"class":59},[45,151343,59975],{"class":124},[45,151345,109],{"class":59},[45,151347,2131],{"class":202},[45,151349,1802],{"class":59},[45,151351,151352],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,151353,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,151355,151356,151358,151360,151362],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151357,125],{"class":124},[45,151359,109],{"class":59},[45,151361,263],{"class":105},[45,151363,118],{"class":59},[14,151365,268],{},[36,151367,151369],{"className":38,"code":151368,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[18,151370,151371],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151372,151373,151375,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151374,109],{"class":59},[45,151376,2114],{"class":202},[45,151378,73],{"class":59},[45,151380,5488],{"class":202},[45,151382,73],{"class":59},[45,151384,208],{"class":202},[45,151386,73],{"class":59},[45,151388,213],{"class":202},[45,151390,73],{"class":59},[45,151392,2450],{"class":202},[45,151394,118],{"class":59},[1864,151396,151398],{"id":151397},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151400,151401],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[36,151403,151405],{"className":38,"code":151404,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151406,151407,151427,151441,151445],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151408,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421,151423,151425],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151410,3816],{"class":51},[45,151412,56],{"class":55},[45,151414,10477],{"class":59},[45,151416,203],{"class":202},[45,151418,73],{"class":59},[45,151420,208],{"class":202},[45,151422,73],{"class":59},[45,151424,213],{"class":202},[45,151426,9295],{"class":59},[45,151428,151429,151431,151433,151435,151437,151439],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,151430,220],{"class":51},[45,151432,56],{"class":55},[45,151434,149193],{"class":315},[45,151436,109],{"class":59},[45,151438,5350],{"class":105},[45,151440,118],{"class":59},[45,151442,151443],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151444,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,151446,151447,151449,151451,151453],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,151448,125],{"class":124},[45,151450,109],{"class":59},[45,151452,263],{"class":105},[45,151454,118],{"class":59},[14,151456,268],{},[36,151458,151459],{"className":38,"code":149406,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,151460,151461],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151462,151463,151465,151467,151469,151471,151473,151475],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151464,109],{"class":59},[45,151466,203],{"class":202},[45,151468,73],{"class":59},[45,151470,208],{"class":202},[45,151472,73],{"class":59},[45,151474,213],{"class":202},[45,151476,118],{"class":59},[14,151478,151479,151480,102],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[364,151481,151483],{"href":151482},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1864,151485,151487],{"id":151486},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151489,63517,151490,151492],{},[18,151491,38027],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[36,151494,151496],{"className":38,"code":151495,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151497,151498,151534,151548,151552],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151499,151500,151502,151504,151506,151508,151510,151512,151514,151516,151518,151520,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530,151532],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151501,13189],{"class":51},[45,151503,56],{"class":55},[45,151505,10477],{"class":59},[45,151507,64],{"class":63},[45,151509,7656],{"class":67},[45,151511,64],{"class":63},[45,151513,1111],{"class":59},[45,151515,76],{"class":63},[45,151517,12867],{"class":67},[45,151519,64],{"class":63},[45,151521,73],{"class":59},[45,151523,76],{"class":63},[45,151525,9285],{"class":67},[45,151527,64],{"class":63},[45,151529,1111],{"class":59},[45,151531,9292],{"class":202},[45,151533,9295],{"class":59},[45,151535,151536,151538,151540,151542,151544,151546],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,151537,220],{"class":51},[45,151539,56],{"class":55},[45,151541,149193],{"class":315},[45,151543,109],{"class":59},[45,151545,17293],{"class":105},[45,151547,118],{"class":59},[45,151549,151550],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151551,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,151553,151554,151556,151558,151560],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,151555,125],{"class":124},[45,151557,109],{"class":59},[45,151559,263],{"class":105},[45,151561,118],{"class":59},[14,151563,30010],{},[36,151565,151567],{"className":38,"code":151566,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('name', 'age')\n",[18,151568,151569],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151570,151571,151573,151575,151577,151579,151581,151583,151585,151587],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151572,109],{"class":59},[45,151574,429],{"class":63},[45,151576,7656],{"class":67},[45,151578,429],{"class":63},[45,151580,73],{"class":59},[45,151582,438],{"class":63},[45,151584,9285],{"class":67},[45,151586,429],{"class":63},[45,151588,118],{"class":59},[31,151590,151592],{"id":151591},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151594,151595],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151597,151598,151601],{},[18,151599,151600],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[36,151603,151605],{"className":38,"code":151604,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[18,151606,151607,151643,151647,151661],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151608,151609,151611,151613,151615,151617,151619,151621,151623,151625,151627,151629,151631,151633,151635,151637,151639,151641],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151610,13189],{"class":51},[45,151612,56],{"class":55},[45,151614,10477],{"class":59},[45,151616,64],{"class":63},[45,151618,7656],{"class":67},[45,151620,64],{"class":63},[45,151622,1111],{"class":59},[45,151624,76],{"class":63},[45,151626,12867],{"class":67},[45,151628,64],{"class":63},[45,151630,73],{"class":59},[45,151632,76],{"class":63},[45,151634,9285],{"class":67},[45,151636,64],{"class":63},[45,151638,1111],{"class":59},[45,151640,9292],{"class":202},[45,151642,9295],{"class":59},[45,151644,151645],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,151646,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,151648,151649,151651,151653,151655,151657,151659],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151650,125],{"class":124},[45,151652,109],{"class":59},[45,151654,48935],{"class":315},[45,151656,109],{"class":59},[45,151658,17293],{"class":105},[45,151660,1802],{"class":59},[45,151662,151663,151665,151667,151669,151671,151673,151675,151677],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,151664,125],{"class":124},[45,151666,109],{"class":59},[45,151668,48935],{"class":315},[45,151670,109],{"class":59},[45,151672,17293],{"class":105},[45,151674,102],{"class":59},[45,151676,99],{"class":105},[45,151678,6277],{"class":59},[14,151680,268],{},[36,151682,151684],{"className":38,"code":151683,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[18,151685,151686,151706],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151687,151688,151690,151692,151694,151696,151698,151700,151702,151704],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151689,109],{"class":59},[45,151691,429],{"class":63},[45,151693,7656],{"class":67},[45,151695,429],{"class":63},[45,151697,73],{"class":59},[45,151699,438],{"class":63},[45,151701,9285],{"class":67},[45,151703,429],{"class":63},[45,151705,118],{"class":59},[45,151707,151708,151710,151712,151714,151716,151718,151720,151722,151724,151726,151728,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,151709,5501],{"class":59},[45,151711,429],{"class":63},[45,151713,7656],{"class":67},[45,151715,429],{"class":63},[45,151717,73],{"class":59},[45,151719,438],{"class":63},[45,151721,12867],{"class":67},[45,151723,429],{"class":63},[45,151725,9219],{"class":59},[45,151727,9222],{"class":59},[45,151729,429],{"class":63},[45,151731,9285],{"class":67},[45,151733,429],{"class":63},[45,151735,73],{"class":59},[45,151737,9292],{"class":202},[45,151739,1802],{"class":59},[14,151741,18680],{},[157,151743,151744,151749],{},[160,151745,151746,151748],{},[18,151747,151600],{}," for keys",[160,151750,151751,32538],{},[18,151752,151753],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151755,151756,151757,102],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[364,151758,63527],{"href":63526},[31,151760,151762],{"id":151761},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151764,151765,18304],{},[18,151766,38027],{},[157,151768,151769,151772,151775,151778],{},[160,151770,151771],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[160,151773,151774],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[160,151776,151777],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[160,151779,151780],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,151782,345],{},[36,151784,151786],{"className":38,"code":151785,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[18,151787,151788,151807],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151789,151790,151793,151795,151797,151799,151801,151803,151805],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151791,151792],{"class":51},"coordinates ",[45,151794,56],{"class":55},[45,151796,149193],{"class":315},[45,151798,2979],{"class":59},[45,151800,2498],{"class":202},[45,151802,73],{"class":59},[45,151804,5980],{"class":202},[45,151806,3880],{"class":59},[45,151808,151809,151811,151813,151816],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,151810,125],{"class":124},[45,151812,109],{"class":59},[45,151814,151815],{"class":105},"coordinates",[45,151817,118],{"class":59},[14,151819,268],{},[36,151821,151823],{"className":38,"code":151822,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(4, 7)\n",[18,151824,151825],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151826,151827,151829,151831,151833,151835],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151828,109],{"class":59},[45,151830,2498],{"class":202},[45,151832,73],{"class":59},[45,151834,5980],{"class":202},[45,151836,118],{"class":59},[14,151838,151839],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[157,151841,151842,151844,151847,151850],{},[160,151843,151815],{},[160,151845,151846],{},"RGB colors",[160,151848,151849],{},"dates",[160,151851,151852],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[31,151854,151856],{"id":151855},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,151858,44411,151859,10588],{},[18,151860,38027],{},[157,151862,151863,151866,151869],{},[160,151864,151865],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[160,151867,151868],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[160,151870,151871],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,151873,116318,151874,151876],{},[26,151875,178],{}," work:",[36,151878,151880],{"className":38,"code":151879,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tuple(5)\n",[18,151881,151882],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151883,151884,151886,151888,151890],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151885,48935],{"class":315},[45,151887,109],{"class":59},[45,151889,2131],{"class":202},[45,151891,118],{"class":59},[14,151893,151894],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,151896,151897],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[31,151899,115156],{"id":115155},[14,151901,151902],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1864,151904,151906],{"id":151905},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,151908,2830],{},[36,151910,151911],{"className":38,"code":151879,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,151912,151913],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151914,151915,151917,151919,151921],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151916,48935],{"class":315},[45,151918,109],{"class":59},[45,151920,2131],{"class":202},[45,151922,118],{"class":59},[14,151924,29662],{},[36,151926,151927],{"className":38,"code":63631,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,151928,151929],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151930,151931,151933,151935,151937,151939,151941,151943,151945,151947],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151932,2998],{"class":315},[45,151934,1111],{"class":59},[45,151936,438],{"class":63},[45,151938,2184],{"class":67},[45,151940,429],{"class":63},[45,151942,24600],{"class":315},[45,151944,8082],{"class":55},[45,151946,8085],{"class":55},[45,151948,63654],{"class":51},[14,151950,151951,151952,102],{},"If you see this, read ",[364,151953,62268],{"href":52582},[1864,151955,151957],{"id":151956},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,151959,151960],{},"This code:",[36,151962,151964],{"className":38,"code":151963,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[18,151965,151966],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151967,151968,151970,151972,151974,151976,151978],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151969,48935],{"class":315},[45,151971,109],{"class":59},[45,151973,64],{"class":63},[45,151975,3839],{"class":67},[45,151977,64],{"class":63},[45,151979,118],{"class":59},[14,151981,151982],{},"returns:",[36,151984,151986],{"className":38,"code":151985,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[18,151987,151988],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151989,151990,151992,151994,151996,151998,152000,152002,152004,152006,152008,152010,152012,152014,152016,152018,152020,152022,152024,152026,152028,152030],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151991,109],{"class":59},[45,151993,429],{"class":63},[45,151995,60415],{"class":67},[45,151997,429],{"class":63},[45,151999,73],{"class":59},[45,152001,438],{"class":63},[45,152003,60424],{"class":67},[45,152005,429],{"class":63},[45,152007,73],{"class":59},[45,152009,438],{"class":63},[45,152011,60433],{"class":67},[45,152013,429],{"class":63},[45,152015,73],{"class":59},[45,152017,438],{"class":63},[45,152019,60433],{"class":67},[45,152021,429],{"class":63},[45,152023,73],{"class":59},[45,152025,438],{"class":63},[45,152027,60450],{"class":67},[45,152029,429],{"class":63},[45,152031,118],{"class":59},[14,152033,40887,152034,152036],{},[26,152035,178],{}," return:",[36,152038,152040],{"className":38,"code":152039,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('hello',)\n",[18,152041,152042],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152043,152044,152046,152048,152050,152052],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152045,109],{"class":59},[45,152047,429],{"class":63},[45,152049,3839],{"class":67},[45,152051,429],{"class":63},[45,152053,149183],{"class":59},[14,152055,152056],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[36,152058,152060],{"className":38,"code":152059,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[18,152061,152062,152079],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152063,152064,152067,152069,152071,152073,152075,152077],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152065,152066],{"class":51},"single ",[45,152068,56],{"class":55},[45,152070,9222],{"class":59},[45,152072,64],{"class":63},[45,152074,3839],{"class":67},[45,152076,64],{"class":63},[45,152078,149183],{"class":59},[45,152080,152081,152083,152085,152088],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,152082,125],{"class":124},[45,152084,109],{"class":59},[45,152086,152087],{"class":105},"single",[45,152089,118],{"class":59},[1864,152091,152093],{"id":152092},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,152095,151960],{},[36,152097,152099],{"className":38,"code":152098,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[18,152100,152101,152133],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152102,152103,152105,152107,152109,152111,152113,152115,152117,152119,152121,152123,152125,152127,152129,152131],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152104,9151],{"class":51},[45,152106,56],{"class":55},[45,152108,10477],{"class":59},[45,152110,64],{"class":63},[45,152112,364],{"class":67},[45,152114,64],{"class":63},[45,152116,1111],{"class":59},[45,152118,5488],{"class":202},[45,152120,73],{"class":59},[45,152122,76],{"class":63},[45,152124,373],{"class":67},[45,152126,64],{"class":63},[45,152128,1111],{"class":59},[45,152130,208],{"class":202},[45,152132,9295],{"class":59},[45,152134,152135,152137,152139,152141,152143,152145],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,152136,125],{"class":124},[45,152138,109],{"class":59},[45,152140,48935],{"class":315},[45,152142,109],{"class":59},[45,152144,9190],{"class":105},[45,152146,1802],{"class":59},[14,152148,152149],{},"returns only the keys:",[36,152151,152153],{"className":38,"code":152152,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('a', 'b')\n",[18,152154,152155],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152156,152157,152159,152161,152163,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152158,109],{"class":59},[45,152160,429],{"class":63},[45,152162,364],{"class":67},[45,152164,429],{"class":63},[45,152166,73],{"class":59},[45,152168,438],{"class":63},[45,152170,373],{"class":67},[45,152172,429],{"class":63},[45,152174,118],{"class":59},[14,152176,152177],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[36,152179,152181],{"className":38,"code":152180,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[18,152182,152183],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152184,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197,152199],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152186,125],{"class":124},[45,152188,109],{"class":59},[45,152190,48935],{"class":315},[45,152192,109],{"class":59},[45,152194,9190],{"class":105},[45,152196,102],{"class":59},[45,152198,99],{"class":105},[45,152200,6277],{"class":59},[1864,152202,152204],{"id":152203},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152206,152207,152208,152210],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[18,152209,38027],{}," conversion.",[14,152212,5462],{},[36,152214,152216],{"className":38,"code":152215,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[18,152217,152218,152238],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152219,152220,152222,152224,152226,152228,152230,152232,152234,152236],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152221,1185],{"class":51},[45,152223,56],{"class":55},[45,152225,9222],{"class":59},[45,152227,203],{"class":202},[45,152229,73],{"class":59},[45,152231,208],{"class":202},[45,152233,73],{"class":59},[45,152235,213],{"class":202},[45,152237,118],{"class":59},[45,152239,152240,152242,152244,152246],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,152241,125],{"class":124},[45,152243,109],{"class":59},[45,152245,28],{"class":105},[45,152247,118],{"class":59},[14,152249,152250],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152252,25488,152253,152255],{},[18,152254,38027],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[31,152257,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,152259,152261],{"id":152260},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152263,152264],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1864,152266,152268],{"id":152267},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152270,152271,152272,102],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[18,152273,7353],{},[1864,152275,152277],{"id":152276},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152279,152280],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1864,152282,152284],{"id":152283},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152286,152287],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1864,152289,152291],{"id":152290},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152293,152294,152295,102],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[18,152296,2998],{},[31,152298,1909],{"id":1908},[157,152300,152301,152305,152309,152313,152317,152321],{},[160,152302,152303],{},[364,152304,147827],{"href":147826},[160,152306,152307],{},[364,152308,150754],{"href":149130},[160,152310,152311],{},[364,152312,104891],{"href":60032},[160,152314,152315],{},[364,152316,151483],{"href":151482},[160,152318,152319],{},[364,152320,63527],{"href":63526},[160,152322,152323],{},[364,152324,62268],{"href":52582},[1936,152326,152327],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":152329},[152330,152331,152332,152333,152334,152341,152342,152343,152344,152350,152357],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":150957,"depth":96,"text":150958},{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":149503,"depth":96,"text":149504},{"id":151126,"depth":96,"text":151127,"children":152335},[152336,152337,152338,152339,152340],{"id":151130,"depth":121,"text":151131},{"id":151218,"depth":121,"text":151219},{"id":151317,"depth":121,"text":151318},{"id":151397,"depth":121,"text":151398},{"id":151486,"depth":121,"text":151487},{"id":151591,"depth":96,"text":151592},{"id":151761,"depth":96,"text":151762},{"id":151855,"depth":96,"text":151856},{"id":115155,"depth":96,"text":115156,"children":152345},[152346,152347,152348,152349],{"id":151905,"depth":121,"text":151906},{"id":151956,"depth":121,"text":151957},{"id":152092,"depth":121,"text":152093},{"id":152203,"depth":121,"text":152204},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":152351},[152352,152353,152354,152355,152356],{"id":152260,"depth":121,"text":152261},{"id":152267,"depth":121,"text":152268},{"id":152276,"depth":121,"text":152277},{"id":152283,"depth":121,"text":152284},{"id":152290,"depth":121,"text":152291},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150812,"description":152358},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152365,"title":152366,"body":152367,"description":153780,"extension":1958,"meta":153781,"navigation":241,"path":153782,"seo":153783,"stem":153784,"__hash__":153785},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152368,"toc":153752},[152369,152374,152379,152382,152384,152463,152469,152474,152478,152493,152495,152542,152544,152552,152560,152566,152568,152573,152593,152596,152623,152625,152649,152651,152793,152795,152799,152807,152810,152812,152889,152891,152899,152903,152907,152917,152927,152929,152934,152936,152995,153000,153002,153102,153104,153118,153123,153129,153136,153139,153141,153251,153255,153272,153274,153337,153339,153347,153359,153363,153368,153396,153399,153481,153483,153494,153496,153500,153527,153529,153531,153611,153619,153621,153676,153678,153683,153686,153690,153694,153696,153700,153704,153712,153719,153722,153724,153749],[10,152370,147711,152372,11311],{"id":152371},"python-tuple-index-method",[18,152373,58944],{},[14,152375,152376,152378],{},[18,152377,149032],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152380,152381],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[31,152383,34],{"id":33},[36,152385,152387],{"className":38,"code":152386,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,152388,152389,152429,152451],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152390,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413,152415,152417,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152392,461],{"class":51},[45,152394,56],{"class":55},[45,152396,9222],{"class":59},[45,152398,64],{"class":63},[45,152400,470],{"class":67},[45,152402,64],{"class":63},[45,152404,73],{"class":59},[45,152406,76],{"class":63},[45,152408,479],{"class":67},[45,152410,64],{"class":63},[45,152412,73],{"class":59},[45,152414,76],{"class":63},[45,152416,488],{"class":67},[45,152418,64],{"class":63},[45,152420,73],{"class":59},[45,152422,76],{"class":63},[45,152424,479],{"class":67},[45,152426,64],{"class":63},[45,152428,118],{"class":59},[45,152430,152431,152433,152435,152437,152439,152441,152443,152445,152447,152449],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,152432,64897],{"class":51},[45,152434,56],{"class":55},[45,152436,13108],{"class":51},[45,152438,102],{"class":59},[45,152440,1321],{"class":105},[45,152442,109],{"class":59},[45,152444,64],{"class":63},[45,152446,479],{"class":67},[45,152448,64],{"class":63},[45,152450,118],{"class":59},[45,152452,152453,152455,152457,152459,152461],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,152454,125],{"class":124},[45,152456,109],{"class":59},[45,152458,64924],{"class":105},[45,152460,3654],{"class":59},[45,152462,27761],{"class":137},[14,152464,152465,152468],{},[18,152466,152467],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[31,152470,3671,152472,3674],{"id":152471},"what-tupleindex-does",[18,152473,149032],{},[14,152475,16,152476,11401],{},[18,152477,58944],{},[157,152479,152480,152483,152485,152488],{},[160,152481,152482],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[160,152484,128309],{},[160,152486,152487],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[160,152489,152490,152491],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[18,152492,2114],{},[14,152494,345],{},[36,152496,152498],{"className":38,"code":152497,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[18,152499,152500,152524],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152501,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520,152522],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152503,195],{"class":51},[45,152505,56],{"class":55},[45,152507,9222],{"class":59},[45,152509,585],{"class":202},[45,152511,73],{"class":59},[45,152513,590],{"class":202},[45,152515,73],{"class":59},[45,152517,595],{"class":202},[45,152519,73],{"class":59},[45,152521,590],{"class":202},[45,152523,118],{"class":59},[45,152525,152526,152528,152530,152532,152534,152536,152538,152540],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,152527,125],{"class":124},[45,152529,109],{"class":59},[45,152531,251],{"class":105},[45,152533,102],{"class":59},[45,152535,1321],{"class":105},[45,152537,109],{"class":59},[45,152539,15741],{"class":202},[45,152541,1802],{"class":59},[14,152543,268],{},[36,152545,152546],{"className":38,"code":46898,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,152547,152548],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152549,152550],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152551,46898],{"class":202},[14,152553,20964,152554,152556,152557,152559],{},[18,152555,15741],{}," appears twice, ",[18,152558,58944],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152561,150978,152562,102],{},[364,152563,152565],{"href":152564},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[31,152567,2153],{"id":2152},[14,152569,7751,152570,152572],{},[18,152571,58944],{}," in two ways:",[36,152574,152576],{"className":38,"code":152575,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[18,152577,152578],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152579,152580,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152581,152582],{"class":51},"tuple_name",[45,152584,102],{"class":59},[45,152586,1321],{"class":105},[45,152588,109],{"class":59},[45,152590,28],{"class":105},[45,152592,118],{"class":59},[14,152594,152595],{},"or:",[36,152597,152599],{"className":38,"code":152598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,152600,152601],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152602,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152604,152582],{"class":51},[45,152606,102],{"class":59},[45,152608,1321],{"class":105},[45,152610,109],{"class":59},[45,152612,28],{"class":105},[45,152614,73],{"class":59},[45,152616,36033],{"class":105},[45,152618,73],{"class":59},[45,152620,65018],{"class":105},[45,152622,118],{"class":59},[1864,152624,17381],{"id":17380},[157,152626,152627,152632,152637,152642],{},[160,152628,152629,152631],{},[18,152630,28],{}," — the item to search for",[160,152633,152634,152636],{},[18,152635,36054],{}," — optional starting position",[160,152638,152639,152641],{},[18,152640,52643],{}," — optional ending position",[160,152643,152644,4774,152646,152648],{},[18,152645,52643],{},[26,152647,65047],{}," in the search",[14,152650,345],{},[36,152652,152654],{"className":38,"code":152653,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[18,152655,152656,152704,152708,152733,152761],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152657,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668,152670,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684,152686,152688,152690,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152659,355],{"class":51},[45,152661,56],{"class":55},[45,152663,9222],{"class":59},[45,152665,64],{"class":63},[45,152667,364],{"class":67},[45,152669,64],{"class":63},[45,152671,73],{"class":59},[45,152673,76],{"class":63},[45,152675,373],{"class":67},[45,152677,64],{"class":63},[45,152679,73],{"class":59},[45,152681,76],{"class":63},[45,152683,382],{"class":67},[45,152685,64],{"class":63},[45,152687,73],{"class":59},[45,152689,76],{"class":63},[45,152691,373],{"class":67},[45,152693,64],{"class":63},[45,152695,73],{"class":59},[45,152697,76],{"class":63},[45,152699,18753],{"class":67},[45,152701,64],{"class":63},[45,152703,118],{"class":59},[45,152705,152706],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,152707,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,152709,152710,152712,152714,152716,152718,152720,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,152711,125],{"class":124},[45,152713,109],{"class":59},[45,152715,391],{"class":105},[45,152717,102],{"class":59},[45,152719,1321],{"class":105},[45,152721,109],{"class":59},[45,152723,64],{"class":63},[45,152725,373],{"class":67},[45,152727,64],{"class":63},[45,152729,5353],{"class":59},[45,152731,152732],{"class":137},"        # 1\n",[45,152734,152735,152737,152739,152741,152743,152745,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,152736,125],{"class":124},[45,152738,109],{"class":59},[45,152740,391],{"class":105},[45,152742,102],{"class":59},[45,152744,1321],{"class":105},[45,152746,109],{"class":59},[45,152748,64],{"class":63},[45,152750,373],{"class":67},[45,152752,64],{"class":63},[45,152754,73],{"class":59},[45,152756,208],{"class":202},[45,152758,5353],{"class":59},[45,152760,50900],{"class":137},[45,152762,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783,152785,152787,152789,152791],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,152764,125],{"class":124},[45,152766,109],{"class":59},[45,152768,391],{"class":105},[45,152770,102],{"class":59},[45,152772,1321],{"class":105},[45,152774,109],{"class":59},[45,152776,64],{"class":63},[45,152778,373],{"class":67},[45,152780,64],{"class":63},[45,152782,73],{"class":59},[45,152784,5488],{"class":202},[45,152786,73],{"class":59},[45,152788,213],{"class":202},[45,152790,5353],{"class":59},[45,152792,27761],{"class":137},[31,152794,103218],{"id":103217},[14,152796,152797,25491],{},[18,152798,149032],{},[157,152800,152801,152804],{},[160,152802,152803],{},"An integer",[160,152805,152806],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,152808,152809],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,152811,345],{},[36,152813,152815],{"className":38,"code":152814,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,152816,152817,152857,152879],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152818,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152820,108317],{"class":51},[45,152822,56],{"class":55},[45,152824,9222],{"class":59},[45,152826,64],{"class":63},[45,152828,37027],{"class":67},[45,152830,64],{"class":63},[45,152832,73],{"class":59},[45,152834,76],{"class":63},[45,152836,58104],{"class":67},[45,152838,64],{"class":63},[45,152840,73],{"class":59},[45,152842,76],{"class":63},[45,152844,58121],{"class":67},[45,152846,64],{"class":63},[45,152848,73],{"class":59},[45,152850,76],{"class":63},[45,152852,58104],{"class":67},[45,152854,64],{"class":63},[45,152856,118],{"class":59},[45,152858,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,152860,220],{"class":51},[45,152862,56],{"class":55},[45,152864,108360],{"class":51},[45,152866,102],{"class":59},[45,152868,1321],{"class":105},[45,152870,109],{"class":59},[45,152872,64],{"class":63},[45,152874,58104],{"class":67},[45,152876,64],{"class":63},[45,152878,118],{"class":59},[45,152880,152881,152883,152885,152887],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,152882,125],{"class":124},[45,152884,109],{"class":59},[45,152886,263],{"class":105},[45,152888,118],{"class":59},[14,152890,268],{},[36,152892,152893],{"className":38,"code":46898,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,152894,152895],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152896,152897],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152898,46898],{"class":202},[31,152900,152902],{"id":152901},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,152904,141,152905,10588],{},[18,152906,149032],{},[157,152908,152909,152911,152914],{},[160,152910,66069],{},[160,152912,152913],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[160,152915,152916],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,152918,152919,152920,152923,152924,102],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[18,152921,152922],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[364,152925,149500],{"href":152926},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[31,152928,1035],{"id":1034},[14,152930,152931,152932,102],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[18,152933,1041],{},[14,152935,345],{},[36,152937,152939],{"className":38,"code":152938,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[18,152940,152941,152973],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152942,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965,152967,152969,152971],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152944,461],{"class":51},[45,152946,56],{"class":55},[45,152948,9222],{"class":59},[45,152950,64],{"class":63},[45,152952,470],{"class":67},[45,152954,64],{"class":63},[45,152956,73],{"class":59},[45,152958,76],{"class":63},[45,152960,479],{"class":67},[45,152962,64],{"class":63},[45,152964,73],{"class":59},[45,152966,76],{"class":63},[45,152968,488],{"class":67},[45,152970,64],{"class":63},[45,152972,118],{"class":59},[45,152974,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,152976,125],{"class":124},[45,152978,109],{"class":59},[45,152980,497],{"class":105},[45,152982,102],{"class":59},[45,152984,1321],{"class":105},[45,152986,109],{"class":59},[45,152988,64],{"class":63},[45,152990,22508],{"class":67},[45,152992,64],{"class":63},[45,152994,1802],{"class":59},[14,152996,39635,152997,152999],{},[18,152998,109642],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,153001,65677],{},[36,153003,153005],{"className":38,"code":153004,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153006,153007,153039,153043,153059,153081,153087],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153008,153009,153011,153013,153015,153017,153019,153021,153023,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153010,461],{"class":51},[45,153012,56],{"class":55},[45,153014,9222],{"class":59},[45,153016,64],{"class":63},[45,153018,470],{"class":67},[45,153020,64],{"class":63},[45,153022,73],{"class":59},[45,153024,76],{"class":63},[45,153026,479],{"class":67},[45,153028,64],{"class":63},[45,153030,73],{"class":59},[45,153032,76],{"class":63},[45,153034,488],{"class":67},[45,153036,64],{"class":63},[45,153038,118],{"class":59},[45,153040,153041],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,153042,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,153044,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053,153055,153057],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153046,982],{"class":969},[45,153048,76],{"class":63},[45,153050,22508],{"class":67},[45,153052,64],{"class":63},[45,153054,1134],{"class":55},[45,153056,13108],{"class":51},[45,153058,1213],{"class":59},[45,153060,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071,153073,153075,153077,153079],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,153062,8055],{"class":124},[45,153064,109],{"class":59},[45,153066,497],{"class":105},[45,153068,102],{"class":59},[45,153070,1321],{"class":105},[45,153072,109],{"class":59},[45,153074,64],{"class":63},[45,153076,22508],{"class":67},[45,153078,64],{"class":63},[45,153080,1802],{"class":59},[45,153082,153083,153085],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,153084,27415],{"class":969},[45,153086,1213],{"class":59},[45,153088,153089,153091,153093,153095,153098,153100],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,153090,8055],{"class":124},[45,153092,109],{"class":59},[45,153094,64],{"class":63},[45,153096,153097],{"class":67},"Value not found",[45,153099,64],{"class":63},[45,153101,118],{"class":59},[14,153103,268],{},[36,153105,153107],{"className":38,"code":153106,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Value not found\n",[18,153108,153109],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153110,153111,153114,153116],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153112,153113],{"class":51},"Value ",[45,153115,178],{"class":55},[45,153117,65801],{"class":51},[14,153119,153120,153121,102],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[364,153122,1292],{"href":65810},[31,153124,1736,153125,1301,153127],{"id":65381},[18,153126,36054],{},[18,153128,52643],{},[14,153130,16,153131,1301,153133,153135],{},[18,153132,36054],{},[18,153134,52643],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153137,153138],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153140,345],{},[36,153142,153144],{"className":38,"code":153143,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[18,153145,153146,153174,153178,153199,153223],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153147,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166,153168,153170,153172],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153149,3816],{"class":51},[45,153151,56],{"class":55},[45,153153,9222],{"class":59},[45,153155,2131],{"class":202},[45,153157,73],{"class":59},[45,153159,5991],{"class":202},[45,153161,73],{"class":59},[45,153163,4596],{"class":202},[45,153165,73],{"class":59},[45,153167,590],{"class":202},[45,153169,73],{"class":59},[45,153171,4596],{"class":202},[45,153173,118],{"class":59},[45,153175,153176],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,153177,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,153179,153180,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153181,125],{"class":124},[45,153183,109],{"class":59},[45,153185,5350],{"class":105},[45,153187,102],{"class":59},[45,153189,1321],{"class":105},[45,153191,109],{"class":59},[45,153193,2131],{"class":202},[45,153195,5353],{"class":59},[45,153197,153198],{"class":137},"        # 0\n",[45,153200,153201,153203,153205,153207,153209,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219,153221],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,153202,125],{"class":124},[45,153204,109],{"class":59},[45,153206,5350],{"class":105},[45,153208,102],{"class":59},[45,153210,1321],{"class":105},[45,153212,109],{"class":59},[45,153214,2131],{"class":202},[45,153216,73],{"class":59},[45,153218,5488],{"class":202},[45,153220,5353],{"class":59},[45,153222,50934],{"class":137},[45,153224,153225,153227,153229,153231,153233,153235,153237,153239,153241,153243,153245,153247,153249],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,153226,125],{"class":124},[45,153228,109],{"class":59},[45,153230,5350],{"class":105},[45,153232,102],{"class":59},[45,153234,1321],{"class":105},[45,153236,109],{"class":59},[45,153238,2131],{"class":202},[45,153240,73],{"class":59},[45,153242,213],{"class":202},[45,153244,73],{"class":59},[45,153246,4596],{"class":202},[45,153248,5353],{"class":59},[45,153250,50917],{"class":137},[1864,153252,153254],{"id":153253},"how-it-works","How it works",[157,153256,153257,153262,153267],{},[160,153258,153259,153261],{},[18,153260,36054],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[160,153263,153264,153266],{},[18,153265,52643],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[160,153268,16,153269,153271],{},[18,153270,52643],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153273,345],{},[36,153275,153277],{"className":38,"code":153276,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[18,153278,153279,153307,153311],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153280,153281,153283,153285,153287,153289,153291,153293,153295,153297,153299,153301,153303,153305],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153282,3816],{"class":51},[45,153284,56],{"class":55},[45,153286,9222],{"class":59},[45,153288,2131],{"class":202},[45,153290,73],{"class":59},[45,153292,5991],{"class":202},[45,153294,73],{"class":59},[45,153296,4596],{"class":202},[45,153298,73],{"class":59},[45,153300,590],{"class":202},[45,153302,73],{"class":59},[45,153304,4596],{"class":202},[45,153306,118],{"class":59},[45,153308,153309],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,153310,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,153312,153313,153315,153317,153319,153321,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153314,125],{"class":124},[45,153316,109],{"class":59},[45,153318,5350],{"class":105},[45,153320,102],{"class":59},[45,153322,1321],{"class":105},[45,153324,109],{"class":59},[45,153326,2131],{"class":202},[45,153328,73],{"class":59},[45,153330,5488],{"class":202},[45,153332,73],{"class":59},[45,153334,2450],{"class":202},[45,153336,1802],{"class":59},[14,153338,268],{},[36,153340,153341],{"className":38,"code":17042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,153342,153343],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153344,153345],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153346,17042],{"class":202},[14,153348,153349,153350,2185,153352,17058,153354,153356,153357,102],{},"Python searches positions ",[18,153351,203],{},[18,153353,234],{},[18,153355,2056],{},", but not ",[18,153358,2498],{},[31,153360,153362],{"id":153361},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153364,153365,153366,1111],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[18,153367,149032],{},[157,153369,153370,153378,153383,153390],{},[160,153371,153372,153373,153375,153376],{},"Do not confuse the ",[26,153374,28],{}," with the ",[26,153377,1321],{},[160,153379,153380,153381],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[18,153382,2114],{},[160,153384,141,153385,153389],{},[364,153386,149058,153387,10728],{"href":149110},[18,153388,57268],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[160,153391,153392,153393,153395],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[18,153394,152922],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153397,153398],{},"Example of value vs index:",[36,153400,153402],{"className":38,"code":153401,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[18,153403,153404,153436,153440,153464],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153405,153406,153408,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153407,36219],{"class":51},[45,153409,56],{"class":55},[45,153411,9222],{"class":59},[45,153413,64],{"class":63},[45,153415,68],{"class":67},[45,153417,64],{"class":63},[45,153419,73],{"class":59},[45,153421,76],{"class":63},[45,153423,79],{"class":67},[45,153425,64],{"class":63},[45,153427,73],{"class":59},[45,153429,76],{"class":63},[45,153431,88],{"class":67},[45,153433,64],{"class":63},[45,153435,118],{"class":59},[45,153437,153438],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,153439,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,153441,153442,153444,153446,153448,153450,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153443,125],{"class":124},[45,153445,109],{"class":59},[45,153447,36271],{"class":105},[45,153449,102],{"class":59},[45,153451,1321],{"class":105},[45,153453,109],{"class":59},[45,153455,64],{"class":63},[45,153457,79],{"class":67},[45,153459,64],{"class":63},[45,153461,5353],{"class":59},[45,153463,27761],{"class":137},[45,153465,153466,153468,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,153467,125],{"class":124},[45,153469,109],{"class":59},[45,153471,36271],{"class":105},[45,153473,278],{"class":59},[45,153475,203],{"class":202},[45,153477,20432],{"class":59},[45,153479,153480],{"class":137},"               # banana\n",[14,153482,2174],{},[157,153484,153485,153489],{},[160,153486,153487,15233],{},[18,153488,1697],{},[160,153490,153491,153493],{},[18,153492,203],{}," is the index",[31,153495,1709],{"id":1708},[14,153497,105956,153498,1111],{},[18,153499,149032],{},[157,153501,153502,153505,153510,153515,153522],{},[160,153503,153504],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[160,153506,1722,153507,153509],{},[18,153508,58944],{}," to return all matching positions",[160,153511,153512,153513],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[18,153514,2114],{},[160,153516,153517,153518,1301,153520],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[18,153519,36054],{},[18,153521,52643],{},[160,153523,37184,153524,153526],{},[18,153525,149032],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1864,153528,60687],{"id":60686},[14,153530,94218],{},[36,153532,153534],{"className":38,"code":153533,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[18,153535,153536,153546,153560,153575,153593],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153537,153538,153540,153542,153544],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153539,125],{"class":124},[45,153541,109],{"class":59},[45,153543,147845],{"class":105},[45,153545,118],{"class":59},[45,153547,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,153549,125],{"class":124},[45,153551,109],{"class":59},[45,153553,11150],{"class":124},[45,153555,109],{"class":59},[45,153557,147845],{"class":105},[45,153559,1802],{"class":59},[45,153561,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153573],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153563,125],{"class":124},[45,153565,109],{"class":59},[45,153567,1185],{"class":105},[45,153569,976],{"class":969},[45,153571,153572],{"class":105}," my_tuple",[45,153574,118],{"class":59},[45,153576,153577,153579,153581,153583,153585,153587,153589,153591],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,153578,125],{"class":124},[45,153580,109],{"class":59},[45,153582,147845],{"class":105},[45,153584,102],{"class":59},[45,153586,1795],{"class":105},[45,153588,109],{"class":59},[45,153590,28],{"class":105},[45,153592,1802],{"class":59},[45,153594,153595,153597,153599,153601,153603,153605,153607,153609],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,153596,125],{"class":124},[45,153598,109],{"class":59},[45,153600,147845],{"class":105},[45,153602,102],{"class":59},[45,153604,1321],{"class":105},[45,153606,109],{"class":59},[45,153608,28],{"class":105},[45,153610,1802],{"class":59},[14,153612,153613,153614,84235,153616,153618],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[18,153615,1041],{},[18,153617,28],{}," is missing.",[14,153620,129462],{},[36,153622,153624],{"className":38,"code":153623,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153625,153626,153638,153656,153662],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153627,153628,153630,153632,153634,153636],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153629,982],{"class":969},[45,153631,1205],{"class":51},[45,153633,976],{"class":55},[45,153635,153572],{"class":51},[45,153637,1213],{"class":59},[45,153639,153640,153642,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652,153654],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,153641,8055],{"class":124},[45,153643,109],{"class":59},[45,153645,147845],{"class":105},[45,153647,102],{"class":59},[45,153649,1321],{"class":105},[45,153651,109],{"class":59},[45,153653,28],{"class":105},[45,153655,1802],{"class":59},[45,153657,153658,153660],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153659,27415],{"class":969},[45,153661,1213],{"class":59},[45,153663,153664,153666,153668,153670,153672,153674],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,153665,8055],{"class":124},[45,153667,109],{"class":59},[45,153669,64],{"class":63},[45,153671,153097],{"class":67},[45,153673,64],{"class":63},[45,153675,118],{"class":59},[31,153677,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,153679,5133,153681,12703],{"id":153680},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[18,153682,149032],{},[14,153684,153685],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1864,153687,153689],{"id":153688},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153691,153692,152559],{},[18,153693,149032],{},[1864,153695,149011],{"id":149010},[14,153697,76696,153698,102],{},[18,153699,1041],{},[1864,153701,153703],{"id":153702},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153705,153706,153707,1301,153709,153711],{},"Yes. You can use ",[18,153708,36054],{},[18,153710,52643],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1864,153713,14889,153715,57183,153717,2485],{"id":153714},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[18,153716,149032],{},[18,153718,64843],{},[14,153720,153721],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[31,153723,1909],{"id":1908},[157,153725,153726,153732,153736,153741,153745],{},[160,153727,153728],{},[364,153729,149058,153730,10728],{"href":149110},[18,153731,57268],{},[160,153733,153734],{},[364,153735,149500],{"href":152926},[160,153737,153738],{},[364,153739,153740],{"href":150806},"Creating a tuple in Python",[160,153742,153743],{},[364,153744,1292],{"href":65810},[160,153746,153747],{},[364,153748,150754],{"href":152564},[1936,153750,153751],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153,"children":153758},[153759],{"id":17380,"depth":121,"text":17381},{"id":103217,"depth":96,"text":103218},{"id":152901,"depth":96,"text":152902},{"id":1034,"depth":96,"text":1035},{"id":65381,"depth":96,"text":66160,"children":153764},[153765],{"id":153253,"depth":121,"text":153254},{"id":153361,"depth":96,"text":153362},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709,"children":153768},[153769],{"id":60686,"depth":121,"text":60687},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":153771},[153772,153774,153775,153776,153777],{"id":153680,"depth":121,"text":153773},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153688,"depth":121,"text":153689},{"id":149010,"depth":121,"text":149011},{"id":153702,"depth":121,"text":153703},{"id":153714,"depth":121,"text":153778},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152366,"description":153780},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153787,"title":153788,"body":153789,"description":155184,"extension":1958,"meta":155185,"navigation":241,"path":152926,"seo":155186,"stem":155187,"__hash__":155188},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153790,"toc":155166},[153791,153794,153797,153800,153814,153816,153819,153913,153923,153929,153933,153936,153939,153941,153959,153961,154032,154034,154051,154055,154059,154062,154079,154082,154097,154099,154190,154193,154197,154200,154217,154219,154314,154317,154320,154324,154327,154421,154423,154442,154445,154449,154452,154454,154509,154511,154546,154549,154563,154571,154664,154673,154677,154680,154687,154690,154737,154739,154747,154750,154801,154803,154820,154825,154829,154832,154835,154837,154888,154891,154946,154949,154952,154954,154957,154977,154979,155052,155055,155068,155070,155074,155079,155083,155088,155105,155109,155112,155129,155133,155136,155138,155163],[10,153792,153788],{"id":153793},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,153795,153796],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,153798,153799],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[157,153801,153802,153805,153808,153811],{},[160,153803,153804],{},"positive indexes",[160,153806,153807],{},"negative indexes",[160,153809,153810],{},"common indexing mistakes",[160,153812,153813],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[31,153815,3603],{"id":3602},[14,153817,153818],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[36,153820,153822],{"className":38,"code":153821,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[18,153823,153824,153856,153860,153877,153894],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153825,153826,153828,153830,153832,153834,153836,153838,153840,153842,153844,153846,153848,153850,153852,153854],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153827,461],{"class":51},[45,153829,56],{"class":55},[45,153831,9222],{"class":59},[45,153833,64],{"class":63},[45,153835,470],{"class":67},[45,153837,64],{"class":63},[45,153839,73],{"class":59},[45,153841,76],{"class":63},[45,153843,488],{"class":67},[45,153845,64],{"class":63},[45,153847,73],{"class":59},[45,153849,76],{"class":63},[45,153851,479],{"class":67},[45,153853,64],{"class":63},[45,153855,118],{"class":59},[45,153857,153858],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,153859,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,153861,153862,153864,153866,153868,153870,153872,153874],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153863,125],{"class":124},[45,153865,109],{"class":59},[45,153867,497],{"class":105},[45,153869,278],{"class":59},[45,153871,2114],{"class":202},[45,153873,20432],{"class":59},[45,153875,153876],{"class":137},"   # red\n",[45,153878,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,153880,125],{"class":124},[45,153882,109],{"class":59},[45,153884,497],{"class":105},[45,153886,278],{"class":59},[45,153888,203],{"class":202},[45,153890,20432],{"class":59},[45,153892,153893],{"class":137},"   # green\n",[45,153895,153896,153898,153900,153902,153904,153906,153908,153910],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,153897,125],{"class":124},[45,153899,109],{"class":59},[45,153901,497],{"class":105},[45,153903,278],{"class":59},[45,153905,2016],{"class":55},[45,153907,203],{"class":202},[45,153909,20432],{"class":59},[45,153911,153912],{"class":137},"  # blue\n",[157,153914,153915,153920],{},[160,153916,132251,153917,153919],{},[18,153918,2114],{}," is the first item.",[160,153921,153922],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,153924,153925,153926,102],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[364,153927,153928],{"href":147830},"how to create a tuple in Python",[31,153930,153932],{"id":153931},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,153934,153935],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,153937,153938],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,153940,11447],{},[157,153942,153943,153946,153953,153956],{},[160,153944,153945],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[160,153947,153948,153949,18949,153951],{},"Python starts counting at ",[18,153950,2114],{},[18,153952,203],{},[160,153954,153955],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[160,153957,153958],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,153960,345],{},[36,153962,153964],{"className":38,"code":153963,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,153965,153966,153986,153990,154004,154018],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153967,153968,153970,153972,153974,153976,153978,153980,153982,153984],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153969,195],{"class":51},[45,153971,56],{"class":55},[45,153973,9222],{"class":59},[45,153975,585],{"class":202},[45,153977,73],{"class":59},[45,153979,590],{"class":202},[45,153981,73],{"class":59},[45,153983,595],{"class":202},[45,153985,118],{"class":59},[45,153987,153988],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,153989,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,153991,153992,153994,153996,153998,154000,154002],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153993,125],{"class":124},[45,153995,109],{"class":59},[45,153997,251],{"class":105},[45,153999,278],{"class":59},[45,154001,2114],{"class":202},[45,154003,3880],{"class":59},[45,154005,154006,154008,154010,154012,154014,154016],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,154007,125],{"class":124},[45,154009,109],{"class":59},[45,154011,251],{"class":105},[45,154013,278],{"class":59},[45,154015,203],{"class":202},[45,154017,3880],{"class":59},[45,154019,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,154021,125],{"class":124},[45,154023,109],{"class":59},[45,154025,251],{"class":105},[45,154027,278],{"class":59},[45,154029,234],{"class":202},[45,154031,3880],{"class":59},[14,154033,268],{},[36,154035,154037],{"className":38,"code":154036,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"10\n20\n30\n",[18,154038,154039,154043,154047],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154040,154041],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154042,2371],{"class":202},[45,154044,154045],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,154046,71194],{"class":202},[45,154048,154049],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154050,69811],{"class":202},[14,154052,59369,154053,102],{},[364,154054,147827],{"href":147826},[31,154056,154058],{"id":154057},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,154060,154061],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[157,154063,154064,154069,154074],{},[160,154065,154066,154068],{},[18,154067,2114],{}," = first item",[160,154070,154071,154073],{},[18,154072,203],{}," = second item",[160,154075,154076,154078],{},[18,154077,234],{}," = third item",[14,154080,154081],{},"Pattern:",[36,154083,154085],{"className":38,"code":154084,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tuple_name[index]\n",[18,154086,154087],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154088,154089,154091,154093,154095],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154090,152582],{"class":51},[45,154092,278],{"class":59},[45,154094,1321],{"class":51},[45,154096,93],{"class":59},[14,154098,345],{},[36,154100,154102],{"className":38,"code":154101,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[18,154103,154104,154136,154140,154157,154173],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154105,154106,154108,154110,154112,154114,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124,154126,154128,154130,154132,154134],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154107,36219],{"class":51},[45,154109,56],{"class":55},[45,154111,9222],{"class":59},[45,154113,64],{"class":63},[45,154115,68],{"class":67},[45,154117,64],{"class":63},[45,154119,73],{"class":59},[45,154121,76],{"class":63},[45,154123,79],{"class":67},[45,154125,64],{"class":63},[45,154127,73],{"class":59},[45,154129,76],{"class":63},[45,154131,4087],{"class":67},[45,154133,64],{"class":63},[45,154135,118],{"class":59},[45,154137,154138],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,154139,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,154141,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150,154152,154154],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154143,125],{"class":124},[45,154145,109],{"class":59},[45,154147,36271],{"class":105},[45,154149,278],{"class":59},[45,154151,2114],{"class":202},[45,154153,20432],{"class":59},[45,154155,154156],{"class":137},"  # apple\n",[45,154158,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,154160,125],{"class":124},[45,154162,109],{"class":59},[45,154164,36271],{"class":105},[45,154166,278],{"class":59},[45,154168,203],{"class":202},[45,154170,20432],{"class":59},[45,154172,51468],{"class":137},[45,154174,154175,154177,154179,154181,154183,154185,154187],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,154176,125],{"class":124},[45,154178,109],{"class":59},[45,154180,36271],{"class":105},[45,154182,278],{"class":59},[45,154184,234],{"class":202},[45,154186,20432],{"class":59},[45,154188,154189],{"class":137},"  # cherry\n",[14,154191,154192],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[31,154194,154196],{"id":154195},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154198,154199],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[157,154201,154202,154207,154212],{},[160,154203,154204,154206],{},[18,154205,65825],{}," = last item",[160,154208,154209,154211],{},[18,154210,95248],{}," = second-to-last item",[160,154213,154214,154216],{},[18,154215,47652],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154218,345],{},[36,154220,154222],{"className":38,"code":154221,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[18,154223,154224,154256,154260,154278,154296],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154225,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234,154236,154238,154240,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154227,36219],{"class":51},[45,154229,56],{"class":55},[45,154231,9222],{"class":59},[45,154233,64],{"class":63},[45,154235,68],{"class":67},[45,154237,64],{"class":63},[45,154239,73],{"class":59},[45,154241,76],{"class":63},[45,154243,79],{"class":67},[45,154245,64],{"class":63},[45,154247,73],{"class":59},[45,154249,76],{"class":63},[45,154251,4087],{"class":67},[45,154253,64],{"class":63},[45,154255,118],{"class":59},[45,154257,154258],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,154259,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,154261,154262,154264,154266,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154263,125],{"class":124},[45,154265,109],{"class":59},[45,154267,36271],{"class":105},[45,154269,278],{"class":59},[45,154271,2016],{"class":55},[45,154273,203],{"class":202},[45,154275,20432],{"class":59},[45,154277,154189],{"class":137},[45,154279,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290,154292,154294],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,154281,125],{"class":124},[45,154283,109],{"class":59},[45,154285,36271],{"class":105},[45,154287,278],{"class":59},[45,154289,2016],{"class":55},[45,154291,234],{"class":202},[45,154293,20432],{"class":59},[45,154295,51468],{"class":137},[45,154297,154298,154300,154302,154304,154306,154308,154310,154312],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,154299,125],{"class":124},[45,154301,109],{"class":59},[45,154303,36271],{"class":105},[45,154305,278],{"class":59},[45,154307,2016],{"class":55},[45,154309,2056],{"class":202},[45,154311,20432],{"class":59},[45,154313,154156],{"class":137},[14,154315,154316],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154318,154319],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[31,154321,154323],{"id":154322},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154325,154326],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[36,154328,154330],{"className":38,"code":154329,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[18,154331,154332,154364,154368,154385,154402],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154333,154334,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344,154346,154348,154350,154352,154354,154356,154358,154360,154362],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154335,4986],{"class":51},[45,154337,56],{"class":55},[45,154339,9222],{"class":59},[45,154341,64],{"class":63},[45,154343,12867],{"class":67},[45,154345,64],{"class":63},[45,154347,73],{"class":59},[45,154349,76],{"class":63},[45,154351,35922],{"class":67},[45,154353,64],{"class":63},[45,154355,73],{"class":59},[45,154357,76],{"class":63},[45,154359,35931],{"class":67},[45,154361,64],{"class":63},[45,154363,118],{"class":59},[45,154365,154366],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,154367,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,154369,154370,154372,154374,154376,154378,154380,154382],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154371,125],{"class":124},[45,154373,109],{"class":59},[45,154375,5030],{"class":105},[45,154377,278],{"class":59},[45,154379,2114],{"class":202},[45,154381,20432],{"class":59},[45,154383,154384],{"class":137},"   # first item\n",[45,154386,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,154388,125],{"class":124},[45,154390,109],{"class":59},[45,154392,5030],{"class":105},[45,154394,278],{"class":59},[45,154396,203],{"class":202},[45,154398,20432],{"class":59},[45,154400,154401],{"class":137},"   # middle item\n",[45,154403,154404,154406,154408,154410,154412,154414,154416,154418],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,154405,125],{"class":124},[45,154407,109],{"class":59},[45,154409,5030],{"class":105},[45,154411,278],{"class":59},[45,154413,2016],{"class":55},[45,154415,203],{"class":202},[45,154417,20432],{"class":59},[45,154419,154420],{"class":137},"  # last item\n",[14,154422,268],{},[36,154424,154426],{"className":38,"code":154425,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[18,154427,154428,154432,154437],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154429,154430],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154431,50022],{"class":51},[45,154433,154434],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,154435,154436],{"class":51},"Ben\n",[45,154438,154439],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154440,154441],{"class":51},"Cara\n",[14,154443,154444],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[31,154446,154448],{"id":154447},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154450,154451],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154453,345],{},[36,154455,154457],{"className":38,"code":154456,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[18,154458,154459,154491,154495],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154460,154461,154463,154465,154467,154469,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479,154481,154483,154485,154487,154489],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154462,355],{"class":51},[45,154464,56],{"class":55},[45,154466,9222],{"class":59},[45,154468,64],{"class":63},[45,154470,364],{"class":67},[45,154472,64],{"class":63},[45,154474,73],{"class":59},[45,154476,76],{"class":63},[45,154478,373],{"class":67},[45,154480,64],{"class":63},[45,154482,73],{"class":59},[45,154484,76],{"class":63},[45,154486,382],{"class":67},[45,154488,64],{"class":63},[45,154490,118],{"class":59},[45,154492,154493],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,154494,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,154496,154497,154499,154501,154503,154505,154507],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154498,125],{"class":124},[45,154500,109],{"class":59},[45,154502,391],{"class":105},[45,154504,278],{"class":59},[45,154506,2131],{"class":202},[45,154508,3880],{"class":59},[14,154510,268],{},[36,154512,154514],{"className":38,"code":154513,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,154515,154516,154528,154533],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154517,154518,154521,154523,154526],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154519,154520],{"class":105},"Traceback ",[45,154522,109],{"class":59},[45,154524,154525],{"class":105},"most recent call last",[45,154527,8327],{"class":59},[45,154529,154530],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,154531,154532],{"class":34434},"  ...\n",[45,154534,154535,154537,154539,154541,154544],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154536,70701],{"class":315},[45,154538,1111],{"class":59},[45,154540,149193],{"class":315},[45,154542,154543],{"class":51}," index out of ",[45,154545,70893],{"class":124},[14,154547,154548],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[157,154550,154551,154555,154559],{},[160,154552,154553],{},[18,154554,2114],{},[160,154556,154557],{},[18,154558,203],{},[160,154560,154561],{},[18,154562,234],{},[14,154564,154565,154566,102],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[364,154567,154568,154570],{"href":149065},[18,154569,42342],{}," on a tuple",[36,154572,154574],{"className":38,"code":154573,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[18,154575,154576,154608,154612,154628,154632,154650],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154577,154578,154580,154582,154584,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594,154596,154598,154600,154602,154604,154606],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154579,355],{"class":51},[45,154581,56],{"class":55},[45,154583,9222],{"class":59},[45,154585,64],{"class":63},[45,154587,364],{"class":67},[45,154589,64],{"class":63},[45,154591,73],{"class":59},[45,154593,76],{"class":63},[45,154595,373],{"class":67},[45,154597,64],{"class":63},[45,154599,73],{"class":59},[45,154601,76],{"class":63},[45,154603,382],{"class":67},[45,154605,64],{"class":63},[45,154607,118],{"class":59},[45,154609,154610],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,154611,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,154613,154614,154616,154618,154620,154622,154624,154626],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154615,125],{"class":124},[45,154617,109],{"class":59},[45,154619,11150],{"class":124},[45,154621,109],{"class":59},[45,154623,391],{"class":105},[45,154625,5353],{"class":59},[45,154627,50753],{"class":137},[45,154629,154630],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,154631,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,154633,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,154635,982],{"class":969},[45,154637,38367],{"class":124},[45,154639,109],{"class":59},[45,154641,391],{"class":105},[45,154643,3654],{"class":59},[45,154645,38377],{"class":55},[45,154647,208],{"class":202},[45,154649,1213],{"class":59},[45,154651,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,154653,8055],{"class":124},[45,154655,109],{"class":59},[45,154657,391],{"class":105},[45,154659,278],{"class":59},[45,154661,234],{"class":202},[45,154663,3880],{"class":59},[14,154665,154666,154667,102],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[364,154668,25662,154670],{"href":154669},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[18,154671,154672],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[31,154674,154676],{"id":154675},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154678,154679],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[157,154681,154682,154684],{},[160,154683,76713],{},[160,154685,154686],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154688,154689],{},"Indexing example:",[36,154691,154693],{"className":38,"code":154692,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[18,154694,154695,154719,154723],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154696,154697,154699,154701,154703,154705,154707,154709,154711,154713,154715,154717],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154698,195],{"class":51},[45,154700,56],{"class":55},[45,154702,9222],{"class":59},[45,154704,585],{"class":202},[45,154706,73],{"class":59},[45,154708,590],{"class":202},[45,154710,73],{"class":59},[45,154712,595],{"class":202},[45,154714,73],{"class":59},[45,154716,600],{"class":202},[45,154718,118],{"class":59},[45,154720,154721],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,154722,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,154724,154725,154727,154729,154731,154733,154735],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154726,125],{"class":124},[45,154728,109],{"class":59},[45,154730,251],{"class":105},[45,154732,278],{"class":59},[45,154734,203],{"class":202},[45,154736,3880],{"class":59},[14,154738,268],{},[36,154740,154741],{"className":38,"code":71194,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,154742,154743],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154744,154745],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154746,71194],{"class":202},[14,154748,154749],{},"Slicing example:",[36,154751,154753],{"className":38,"code":154752,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,154754,154755,154779,154783],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154756,154757,154759,154761,154763,154765,154767,154769,154771,154773,154775,154777],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154758,195],{"class":51},[45,154760,56],{"class":55},[45,154762,9222],{"class":59},[45,154764,585],{"class":202},[45,154766,73],{"class":59},[45,154768,590],{"class":202},[45,154770,73],{"class":59},[45,154772,595],{"class":202},[45,154774,73],{"class":59},[45,154776,600],{"class":202},[45,154778,118],{"class":59},[45,154780,154781],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,154782,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,154784,154785,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154786,125],{"class":124},[45,154788,109],{"class":59},[45,154790,251],{"class":105},[45,154792,278],{"class":59},[45,154794,203],{"class":202},[45,154796,1111],{"class":59},[45,154798,2056],{"class":202},[45,154800,3880],{"class":59},[14,154802,268],{},[36,154804,154806],{"className":38,"code":154805,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(20, 30)\n",[18,154807,154808],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154809,154810,154812,154814,154816,154818],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154811,109],{"class":59},[45,154813,15741],{"class":202},[45,154815,73],{"class":59},[45,154817,595],{"class":202},[45,154819,118],{"class":59},[14,154821,154822,154823,102],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[364,154824,150744],{"href":150743},[31,154826,154828],{"id":154827},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,154830,154831],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,154833,154834],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,154836,6675],{},[36,154838,154840],{"className":38,"code":154839,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[18,154841,154842,154874],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154843,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854,154856,154858,154860,154862,154864,154866,154868,154870,154872],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154845,461],{"class":51},[45,154847,56],{"class":55},[45,154849,9222],{"class":59},[45,154851,64],{"class":63},[45,154853,470],{"class":67},[45,154855,64],{"class":63},[45,154857,73],{"class":59},[45,154859,76],{"class":63},[45,154861,488],{"class":67},[45,154863,64],{"class":63},[45,154865,73],{"class":59},[45,154867,76],{"class":63},[45,154869,479],{"class":67},[45,154871,64],{"class":63},[45,154873,118],{"class":59},[45,154875,154876,154878,154880,154882,154884,154886],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,154877,125],{"class":124},[45,154879,109],{"class":59},[45,154881,497],{"class":105},[45,154883,278],{"class":59},[45,154885,203],{"class":202},[45,154887,3880],{"class":59},[14,154889,154890],{},"But this does not work:",[36,154892,154894],{"className":38,"code":154893,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[18,154895,154896,154928],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154897,154898,154900,154902,154904,154906,154908,154910,154912,154914,154916,154918,154920,154922,154924,154926],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154899,461],{"class":51},[45,154901,56],{"class":55},[45,154903,9222],{"class":59},[45,154905,64],{"class":63},[45,154907,470],{"class":67},[45,154909,64],{"class":63},[45,154911,73],{"class":59},[45,154913,76],{"class":63},[45,154915,488],{"class":67},[45,154917,64],{"class":63},[45,154919,73],{"class":59},[45,154921,76],{"class":63},[45,154923,479],{"class":67},[45,154925,64],{"class":63},[45,154927,118],{"class":59},[45,154929,154930,154932,154934,154936,154938,154940,154942,154944],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,154931,497],{"class":51},[45,154933,278],{"class":59},[45,154935,203],{"class":202},[45,154937,13258],{"class":59},[45,154939,13261],{"class":55},[45,154941,76],{"class":63},[45,154943,22508],{"class":67},[45,154945,1194],{"class":63},[14,154947,154948],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,154950,154951],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[31,154953,1709],{"id":1708},[14,154955,154956],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[157,154958,154959,154965,154968,154971],{},[160,154960,132555,154961,11080,154963],{},[18,154962,203],{},[18,154964,2114],{},[160,154966,154967],{},"Using an index that is too large",[160,154969,154970],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[160,154972,154973,154974],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[18,154975,154976],{},"tuple[index]",[14,154978,62272],{},[36,154980,154982],{"className":38,"code":154981,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[18,154983,154984,154994,155008,155022,155038],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154985,154986,154988,154990,154992],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154987,125],{"class":124},[45,154989,109],{"class":59},[45,154991,147845],{"class":105},[45,154993,118],{"class":59},[45,154995,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,154997,125],{"class":124},[45,154999,109],{"class":59},[45,155001,11150],{"class":124},[45,155003,109],{"class":59},[45,155005,147845],{"class":105},[45,155007,1802],{"class":59},[45,155009,155010,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155011,125],{"class":124},[45,155013,109],{"class":59},[45,155015,147845],{"class":105},[45,155017,278],{"class":59},[45,155019,2114],{"class":202},[45,155021,3880],{"class":59},[45,155023,155024,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,155025,125],{"class":124},[45,155027,109],{"class":59},[45,155029,147845],{"class":105},[45,155031,278],{"class":59},[45,155033,2016],{"class":55},[45,155035,203],{"class":202},[45,155037,3880],{"class":59},[45,155039,155040,155042,155044,155046,155048,155050],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,155041,125],{"class":124},[45,155043,109],{"class":59},[45,155045,1811],{"class":315},[45,155047,109],{"class":59},[45,155049,147845],{"class":105},[45,155051,1802],{"class":59},[14,155053,155054],{},"These can help you confirm:",[157,155056,155057,155060,155062,155065],{},[160,155058,155059],{},"what the tuple contains",[160,155061,60761],{},[160,155063,155064],{},"what the first and last items are",[160,155066,155067],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[31,155069,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,155071,155073],{"id":155072},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,155075,155076,155077,102],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[18,155078,2114],{},[1864,155080,155082],{"id":155081},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,155084,141,155085,155087],{},[18,155086,65825],{}," as the index:",[36,155089,155091],{"className":38,"code":155090,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[18,155092,155093],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155094,155095,155097,155099,155101,155103],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155096,147845],{"class":51},[45,155098,278],{"class":59},[45,155100,2016],{"class":55},[45,155102,203],{"class":202},[45,155104,93],{"class":59},[1864,155106,155108],{"id":155107},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,155110,155111],{},"Python raises:",[36,155113,155115],{"className":38,"code":155114,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,155116,155117],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155118,155119,155121,155123,155125,155127],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155120,70701],{"class":315},[45,155122,1111],{"class":59},[45,155124,149193],{"class":315},[45,155126,154543],{"class":51},[45,155128,70893],{"class":124},[1864,155130,155132],{"id":155131},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155134,155135],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[31,155137,1909],{"id":1908},[157,155139,155140,155145,155149,155153,155159],{},[160,155141,155142],{},[364,155143,155144],{"href":147830},"How to create a tuple in Python",[160,155146,155147],{},[364,155148,150744],{"href":150743},[160,155150,155151],{},[364,155152,150749],{"href":149065},[160,155154,155155],{},[364,155156,26105,155157],{"href":154669},[18,155158,154672],{},[160,155160,155161],{},[364,155162,147827],{"href":147826},[1936,155164,155165],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":155167},[155168,155169,155170,155171,155172,155173,155174,155175,155176,155177,155183],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":153931,"depth":96,"text":153932},{"id":154057,"depth":96,"text":154058},{"id":154195,"depth":96,"text":154196},{"id":154322,"depth":96,"text":154323},{"id":154447,"depth":96,"text":154448},{"id":154675,"depth":96,"text":154676},{"id":154827,"depth":96,"text":154828},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":155178},[155179,155180,155181,155182],{"id":155072,"depth":121,"text":155073},{"id":155081,"depth":121,"text":155082},{"id":155107,"depth":121,"text":155108},{"id":155131,"depth":121,"text":155132},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153788,"description":155184},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155190,"title":155191,"body":155192,"description":157081,"extension":1958,"meta":157082,"navigation":241,"path":157083,"seo":157084,"stem":157085,"__hash__":157086},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155193,"toc":157038},[155194,155200,155205,155256,155260,155268,155274,155276,155292,155294,155297,155312,155314,155327,155329,155386,155390,155398,155405,155411,155417,155421,155472,155476,155484,155488,155517,155521,155529,155533,155566,155570,155578,155582,155585,155636,155640,155648,155650,155667,155671,155675,155734,155738,155746,155749,155776,155780,155788,155792,155798,155873,155877,155914,155922,155926,155989,155993,156001,156006,156010,156016,156059,156063,156071,156077,156080,156127,156131,156139,156148,156154,156209,156213,156221,156224,156228,156230,156261,156265,156284,156287,156332,156336,156359,156365,156370,156372,156419,156424,156427,156475,156479,156487,156491,156496,156500,156550,156554,156569,156573,156631,156635,156650,156654,156725,156729,156738,156742,156821,156825,156847,156855,156857,156860,156885,156887,156940,156942,156959,156961,156965,156971,156976,156981,156985,156990,156994,156999,157005,157008,157010,157035],[10,155195,155197,155198,3654],{"id":155196},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[18,155199,11150],{},[14,155201,141,155202,155204],{},[18,155203,42342],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[36,155206,155208],{"className":38,"code":155207,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155209,155210,155242],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155211,155212,155214,155216,155218,155220,155222,155224,155226,155228,155230,155232,155234,155236,155238,155240],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155213,461],{"class":51},[45,155215,56],{"class":55},[45,155217,9222],{"class":59},[45,155219,64],{"class":63},[45,155221,470],{"class":67},[45,155223,64],{"class":63},[45,155225,73],{"class":59},[45,155227,76],{"class":63},[45,155229,488],{"class":67},[45,155231,64],{"class":63},[45,155233,73],{"class":59},[45,155235,76],{"class":63},[45,155237,479],{"class":67},[45,155239,64],{"class":63},[45,155241,118],{"class":59},[45,155243,155244,155246,155248,155250,155252,155254],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,155245,125],{"class":124},[45,155247,109],{"class":59},[45,155249,11150],{"class":124},[45,155251,109],{"class":59},[45,155253,497],{"class":105},[45,155255,1802],{"class":59},[14,155257,155258],{},[26,155259,268],{},[36,155261,155262],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,155263,155264],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155265,155266],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155267,46598],{"class":202},[14,155269,141,155270,155273],{},[18,155271,155272],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[31,155275,15149],{"id":15148},[157,155277,155278,155283,155287,155290],{},[160,155279,4189,155280,155282],{},[18,155281,42342],{}," works with tuples",[160,155284,68229,155285,11694],{},[18,155286,42342],{},[160,155288,155289],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[160,155291,4509],{},[31,155293,2153],{"id":2152},[14,155295,155296],{},"Use this pattern:",[36,155298,155300],{"className":38,"code":155299,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"len(my_tuple)\n",[18,155301,155302],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155303,155304,155306,155308,155310],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155305,11150],{"class":124},[45,155307,109],{"class":59},[45,155309,147845],{"class":105},[45,155311,118],{"class":59},[14,155313,11447],{},[157,155315,155316,155319,155322],{},[160,155317,155318],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[160,155320,155321],{},"The result is an integer",[160,155323,155324,155326],{},[18,155325,42342],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155328,345],{},[36,155330,155332],{"className":38,"code":155331,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,155333,155334,155358,155372,155376],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155335,155336,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348,155350,155352,155354,155356],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155337,195],{"class":51},[45,155339,56],{"class":55},[45,155341,9222],{"class":59},[45,155343,585],{"class":202},[45,155345,73],{"class":59},[45,155347,590],{"class":202},[45,155349,73],{"class":59},[45,155351,595],{"class":202},[45,155353,73],{"class":59},[45,155355,600],{"class":202},[45,155357,118],{"class":59},[45,155359,155360,155362,155364,155366,155368,155370],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,155361,41223],{"class":51},[45,155363,56],{"class":55},[45,155365,38367],{"class":124},[45,155367,109],{"class":59},[45,155369,251],{"class":105},[45,155371,118],{"class":59},[45,155373,155374],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155375,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,155377,155378,155380,155382,155384],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,155379,125],{"class":124},[45,155381,109],{"class":59},[45,155383,1795],{"class":105},[45,155385,118],{"class":59},[14,155387,155388],{},[26,155389,268],{},[36,155391,155392],{"className":38,"code":48632,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,155393,155394],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155395,155396],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155397,48632],{"class":202},[14,155399,155400,155401,102],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[364,155402,3569,155403,3502],{"href":42339},[18,155404,42342],{},[31,155406,3671,155408,155410],{"id":155407},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[18,155409,42342],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155412,155413,155414,155416],{},"For a tuple, ",[18,155415,42342],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1864,155418,155420],{"id":155419},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[36,155422,155424],{"className":38,"code":155423,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[18,155425,155426,155458],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155427,155428,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452,155454,155456],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155429,36219],{"class":51},[45,155431,56],{"class":55},[45,155433,9222],{"class":59},[45,155435,64],{"class":63},[45,155437,68],{"class":67},[45,155439,64],{"class":63},[45,155441,73],{"class":59},[45,155443,76],{"class":63},[45,155445,79],{"class":67},[45,155447,64],{"class":63},[45,155449,73],{"class":59},[45,155451,76],{"class":63},[45,155453,88],{"class":67},[45,155455,64],{"class":63},[45,155457,118],{"class":59},[45,155459,155460,155462,155464,155466,155468,155470],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,155461,125],{"class":124},[45,155463,109],{"class":59},[45,155465,11150],{"class":124},[45,155467,109],{"class":59},[45,155469,36271],{"class":105},[45,155471,1802],{"class":59},[14,155473,155474],{},[26,155475,268],{},[36,155477,155478],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,155479,155480],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155481,155482],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155483,46598],{"class":202},[1864,155485,155487],{"id":155486},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[36,155489,155491],{"className":38,"code":155490,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[18,155492,155493,155502],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155494,155495,155498,155500],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155496,155497],{"class":51},"empty_tuple ",[45,155499,56],{"class":55},[45,155501,149169],{"class":59},[45,155503,155504,155506,155508,155510,155512,155515],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,155505,125],{"class":124},[45,155507,109],{"class":59},[45,155509,11150],{"class":124},[45,155511,109],{"class":59},[45,155513,155514],{"class":105},"empty_tuple",[45,155516,1802],{"class":59},[14,155518,155519],{},[26,155520,268],{},[36,155522,155523],{"className":38,"code":47233,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,155524,155525],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155526,155527],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155528,47233],{"class":202},[1864,155530,155532],{"id":155531},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[36,155534,155536],{"className":38,"code":155535,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[18,155537,155538,155551],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155539,155540,155543,155545,155547,155549],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155541,155542],{"class":51},"single_value ",[45,155544,56],{"class":55},[45,155546,9222],{"class":59},[45,155548,2131],{"class":202},[45,155550,149183],{"class":59},[45,155552,155553,155555,155557,155559,155561,155564],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,155554,125],{"class":124},[45,155556,109],{"class":59},[45,155558,11150],{"class":124},[45,155560,109],{"class":59},[45,155562,155563],{"class":105},"single_value",[45,155565,1802],{"class":59},[14,155567,155568],{},[26,155569,268],{},[36,155571,155572],{"className":38,"code":46898,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,155573,155574],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155575,155576],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155577,46898],{"class":202},[1864,155579,155581],{"id":155580},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155583,155584],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[36,155586,155588],{"className":38,"code":155587,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,155589,155590,155622],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155591,155592,155594,155596,155598,155600,155602,155604,155606,155608,155610,155612,155614,155616,155618,155620],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155593,9151],{"class":51},[45,155595,56],{"class":55},[45,155597,9222],{"class":59},[45,155599,203],{"class":202},[45,155601,73],{"class":59},[45,155603,9222],{"class":59},[45,155605,234],{"class":202},[45,155607,73],{"class":59},[45,155609,213],{"class":202},[45,155611,9219],{"class":59},[45,155613,60],{"class":59},[45,155615,2498],{"class":202},[45,155617,73],{"class":59},[45,155619,4596],{"class":202},[45,155621,3880],{"class":59},[45,155623,155624,155626,155628,155630,155632,155634],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,155625,125],{"class":124},[45,155627,109],{"class":59},[45,155629,11150],{"class":124},[45,155631,109],{"class":59},[45,155633,9190],{"class":105},[45,155635,1802],{"class":59},[14,155637,155638],{},[26,155639,268],{},[36,155641,155642],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,155643,155644],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155645,155646],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155647,46598],{"class":202},[14,155649,19943],{},[157,155651,155652,155657,155662],{},[160,155653,155654,155656],{},[18,155655,203],{}," is one item",[160,155658,155659,155656],{},[18,155660,155661],{},"(2, 3)",[160,155663,155664,155656],{},[18,155665,155666],{},"[4, 5]",[31,155668,155670],{"id":155669},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1864,155672,155674],{"id":155673},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[36,155676,155678],{"className":38,"code":155677,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155679,155680,155720],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155681,155682,155684,155686,155688,155690,155692,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702,155704,155706,155708,155710,155712,155714,155716,155718],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155683,461],{"class":51},[45,155685,56],{"class":55},[45,155687,9222],{"class":59},[45,155689,64],{"class":63},[45,155691,470],{"class":67},[45,155693,64],{"class":63},[45,155695,73],{"class":59},[45,155697,76],{"class":63},[45,155699,488],{"class":67},[45,155701,64],{"class":63},[45,155703,73],{"class":59},[45,155705,76],{"class":63},[45,155707,479],{"class":67},[45,155709,64],{"class":63},[45,155711,73],{"class":59},[45,155713,76],{"class":63},[45,155715,22508],{"class":67},[45,155717,64],{"class":63},[45,155719,118],{"class":59},[45,155721,155722,155724,155726,155728,155730,155732],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,155723,125],{"class":124},[45,155725,109],{"class":59},[45,155727,11150],{"class":124},[45,155729,109],{"class":59},[45,155731,497],{"class":105},[45,155733,1802],{"class":59},[14,155735,155736],{},[26,155737,268],{},[36,155739,155740],{"className":38,"code":48632,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,155741,155742],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155743,155744],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155745,48632],{"class":202},[1864,155747,155487],{"id":155748},"empty-tuple-1",[36,155750,155752],{"className":38,"code":155751,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,155753,155754,155762],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155755,155756,155758,155760],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155757,52],{"class":51},[45,155759,56],{"class":55},[45,155761,149169],{"class":59},[45,155763,155764,155766,155768,155770,155772,155774],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,155765,125],{"class":124},[45,155767,109],{"class":59},[45,155769,11150],{"class":124},[45,155771,109],{"class":59},[45,155773,99],{"class":105},[45,155775,1802],{"class":59},[14,155777,155778],{},[26,155779,268],{},[36,155781,155782],{"className":38,"code":47233,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,155783,155784],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155785,155786],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155787,47233],{"class":202},[1864,155789,155791],{"id":155790},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,155793,155794,155795,155797],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[26,155796,178],{}," always a tuple.",[36,155799,155801],{"className":38,"code":155800,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[18,155802,155803,155815,155827,155831,155845,155859],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155804,155805,155807,155809,155811,155813],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155806,2548],{"class":51},[45,155808,56],{"class":55},[45,155810,9222],{"class":59},[45,155812,2131],{"class":202},[45,155814,118],{"class":59},[45,155816,155817,155819,155821,155823,155825],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,155818,2576],{"class":51},[45,155820,56],{"class":55},[45,155822,9222],{"class":59},[45,155824,2131],{"class":202},[45,155826,149183],{"class":59},[45,155828,155829],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155830,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,155832,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,155834,125],{"class":124},[45,155836,109],{"class":59},[45,155838,1811],{"class":315},[45,155840,109],{"class":59},[45,155842,364],{"class":105},[45,155844,1802],{"class":59},[45,155846,155847,155849,155851,155853,155855,155857],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,155848,125],{"class":124},[45,155850,109],{"class":59},[45,155852,1811],{"class":315},[45,155854,109],{"class":59},[45,155856,373],{"class":105},[45,155858,1802],{"class":59},[45,155860,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,155862,125],{"class":124},[45,155864,109],{"class":59},[45,155866,11150],{"class":124},[45,155868,109],{"class":59},[45,155870,373],{"class":105},[45,155872,1802],{"class":59},[14,155874,155875],{},[26,155876,268],{},[36,155878,155880],{"className":38,"code":155879,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,155881,155882,155896,155910],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155883,155884,155886,155888,155890,155892,155894],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155885,3284],{"class":55},[45,155887,3287],{"class":2059},[45,155889,438],{"class":63},[45,155891,2184],{"class":67},[45,155893,429],{"class":63},[45,155895,3296],{"class":55},[45,155897,155898,155900,155902,155904,155906,155908],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,155899,3284],{"class":55},[45,155901,3287],{"class":2059},[45,155903,438],{"class":63},[45,155905,48935],{"class":67},[45,155907,429],{"class":63},[45,155909,3296],{"class":55},[45,155911,155912],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155913,46898],{"class":202},[14,155915,155916,155917,1301,155920,102],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[364,155918,155919],{"href":147830},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[364,155921,149131],{"href":149130},[1864,155923,155925],{"id":155924},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[36,155927,155929],{"className":38,"code":155928,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,155930,155931,155975],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155932,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967,155969,155971,155973],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155934,59449],{"class":51},[45,155936,56],{"class":55},[45,155938,9222],{"class":59},[45,155940,64],{"class":63},[45,155942,68],{"class":67},[45,155944,64],{"class":63},[45,155946,73],{"class":59},[45,155948,60],{"class":59},[45,155950,203],{"class":202},[45,155952,73],{"class":59},[45,155954,208],{"class":202},[45,155956,18047],{"class":59},[45,155958,9222],{"class":59},[45,155960,64],{"class":63},[45,155962,1123],{"class":67},[45,155964,64],{"class":63},[45,155966,73],{"class":59},[45,155968,76],{"class":63},[45,155970,11734],{"class":67},[45,155972,64],{"class":63},[45,155974,1802],{"class":59},[45,155976,155977,155979,155981,155983,155985,155987],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,155978,125],{"class":124},[45,155980,109],{"class":59},[45,155982,11150],{"class":124},[45,155984,109],{"class":59},[45,155986,59502],{"class":105},[45,155988,1802],{"class":59},[14,155990,155991],{},[26,155992,268],{},[36,155994,155995],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,155996,155997],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155998,155999],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156000,46598],{"class":202},[14,156002,156003,156005],{},[18,156004,42342],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[31,156007,156009],{"id":156008},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1864,156011,156013,156015],{"id":156012},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[18,156014,42342],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[36,156017,156019],{"className":38,"code":156018,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,156020,156021,156045],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156022,156023,156025,156027,156029,156031,156033,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156024,4062],{"class":51},[45,156026,56],{"class":55},[45,156028,9222],{"class":59},[45,156030,64],{"class":63},[45,156032,63573],{"class":67},[45,156034,64],{"class":63},[45,156036,73],{"class":59},[45,156038,76],{"class":63},[45,156040,40],{"class":67},[45,156042,64],{"class":63},[45,156044,118],{"class":59},[45,156046,156047,156049,156051,156053,156055,156057],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,156048,125],{"class":124},[45,156050,109],{"class":59},[45,156052,11150],{"class":124},[45,156054,109],{"class":59},[45,156056,4104],{"class":105},[45,156058,1802],{"class":59},[14,156060,156061],{},[26,156062,268],{},[36,156064,156065],{"className":38,"code":17042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,156066,156067],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156068,156069],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156070,17042],{"class":202},[14,156072,156073,156074,156076],{},"This result is ",[18,156075,234],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,156078,156079],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[36,156081,156083],{"className":38,"code":156082,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[18,156084,156085,156109],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156086,156087,156089,156091,156093,156095,156097,156099,156101,156103,156105,156107],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156088,4062],{"class":51},[45,156090,56],{"class":55},[45,156092,9222],{"class":59},[45,156094,64],{"class":63},[45,156096,63573],{"class":67},[45,156098,64],{"class":63},[45,156100,73],{"class":59},[45,156102,76],{"class":63},[45,156104,40],{"class":67},[45,156106,64],{"class":63},[45,156108,118],{"class":59},[45,156110,156111,156113,156115,156117,156119,156121,156123,156125],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,156112,125],{"class":124},[45,156114,109],{"class":59},[45,156116,11150],{"class":124},[45,156118,109],{"class":59},[45,156120,4104],{"class":105},[45,156122,278],{"class":59},[45,156124,2114],{"class":202},[45,156126,2992],{"class":59},[14,156128,156129],{},[26,156130,268],{},[36,156132,156133],{"className":38,"code":17042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,156134,156135],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156136,156137],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156138,17042],{"class":202},[14,156140,20757,156141,156144,156145,102],{},[18,156142,156143],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[18,156146,156147],{},"\"hi\"",[1864,156149,156151,156153],{"id":156150},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[18,156152,42342],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[36,156155,156157],{"className":38,"code":156156,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[18,156158,156159,156195],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156160,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169,156171,156173,156175,156177,156179,156181,156183,156185,156187,156189,156191,156193],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156162,3816],{"class":51},[45,156164,56],{"class":55},[45,156166,9981],{"class":59},[45,156168,203],{"class":202},[45,156170,73],{"class":59},[45,156172,208],{"class":202},[45,156174,9219],{"class":59},[45,156176,9222],{"class":59},[45,156178,2056],{"class":202},[45,156180,73],{"class":59},[45,156182,2450],{"class":202},[45,156184,9219],{"class":59},[45,156186,9222],{"class":59},[45,156188,2131],{"class":202},[45,156190,73],{"class":59},[45,156192,37624],{"class":202},[45,156194,1802],{"class":59},[45,156196,156197,156199,156201,156203,156205,156207],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,156198,125],{"class":124},[45,156200,109],{"class":59},[45,156202,11150],{"class":124},[45,156204,109],{"class":59},[45,156206,5350],{"class":105},[45,156208,1802],{"class":59},[14,156210,156211],{},[26,156212,268],{},[36,156214,156215],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,156216,156217],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156218,156219],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156220,46598],{"class":202},[14,156222,156223],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1864,156225,156227],{"id":156226},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156229,25673],{},[36,156231,156233],{"className":38,"code":156232,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,156234,156235,156247],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156236,156237,156239,156241,156243,156245],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156238,1185],{"class":51},[45,156240,56],{"class":55},[45,156242,9222],{"class":59},[45,156244,585],{"class":202},[45,156246,118],{"class":59},[45,156248,156249,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,156250,125],{"class":124},[45,156252,109],{"class":59},[45,156254,1811],{"class":315},[45,156256,109],{"class":59},[45,156258,28],{"class":105},[45,156260,1802],{"class":59},[14,156262,156263],{},[26,156264,268],{},[36,156266,156268],{"className":38,"code":156267,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,156269,156270],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156271,156272,156274,156276,156278,156280,156282],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156273,3284],{"class":55},[45,156275,3287],{"class":2059},[45,156277,438],{"class":63},[45,156279,2184],{"class":67},[45,156281,429],{"class":63},[45,156283,3296],{"class":55},[14,156285,156286],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[36,156288,156290],{"className":38,"code":156289,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,156291,156292,156304,156318],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156293,156294,156296,156298,156300,156302],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156295,1185],{"class":51},[45,156297,56],{"class":55},[45,156299,9222],{"class":59},[45,156301,585],{"class":202},[45,156303,149183],{"class":59},[45,156305,156306,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,156307,125],{"class":124},[45,156309,109],{"class":59},[45,156311,1811],{"class":315},[45,156313,109],{"class":59},[45,156315,28],{"class":105},[45,156317,1802],{"class":59},[45,156319,156320,156322,156324,156326,156328,156330],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156321,125],{"class":124},[45,156323,109],{"class":59},[45,156325,11150],{"class":124},[45,156327,109],{"class":59},[45,156329,28],{"class":105},[45,156331,1802],{"class":59},[14,156333,156334],{},[26,156335,268],{},[36,156337,156339],{"className":38,"code":156338,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,156340,156341,156355],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156342,156343,156345,156347,156349,156351,156353],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156344,3284],{"class":55},[45,156346,3287],{"class":2059},[45,156348,438],{"class":63},[45,156350,48935],{"class":67},[45,156352,429],{"class":63},[45,156354,3296],{"class":55},[45,156356,156357],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,156358,46898],{"class":202},[1864,156360,156362,156364],{"id":156361},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[18,156363,11150],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156366,44411,156367,156369],{},[18,156368,11150],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156371,44442],{},[36,156373,156375],{"className":38,"code":156374,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156376,156377,156385,156405],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156378,156379,156381,156383],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156380,11150],{"class":124},[45,156382,13261],{"class":55},[45,156384,2581],{"class":202},[45,156386,156387,156389,156391,156393,156395,156397,156399,156401,156403],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,156388,195],{"class":51},[45,156390,56],{"class":55},[45,156392,9222],{"class":59},[45,156394,203],{"class":202},[45,156396,73],{"class":59},[45,156398,208],{"class":202},[45,156400,73],{"class":59},[45,156402,213],{"class":202},[45,156404,118],{"class":59},[45,156406,156407,156409,156411,156413,156415,156417],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156408,125],{"class":124},[45,156410,109],{"class":59},[45,156412,11150],{"class":124},[45,156414,109],{"class":59},[45,156416,251],{"class":105},[45,156418,1802],{"class":59},[14,156420,39635,156421,156423],{},[18,156422,11150],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156425,156426],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[36,156428,156430],{"className":38,"code":156429,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156431,156432,156441,156461],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156433,156434,156437,156439],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156435,156436],{"class":51},"length_value ",[45,156438,56],{"class":55},[45,156440,2581],{"class":202},[45,156442,156443,156445,156447,156449,156451,156453,156455,156457,156459],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,156444,195],{"class":51},[45,156446,56],{"class":55},[45,156448,9222],{"class":59},[45,156450,203],{"class":202},[45,156452,73],{"class":59},[45,156454,208],{"class":202},[45,156456,73],{"class":59},[45,156458,213],{"class":202},[45,156460,118],{"class":59},[45,156462,156463,156465,156467,156469,156471,156473],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156464,125],{"class":124},[45,156466,109],{"class":59},[45,156468,11150],{"class":124},[45,156470,109],{"class":59},[45,156472,251],{"class":105},[45,156474,1802],{"class":59},[14,156476,156477],{},[26,156478,268],{},[36,156480,156481],{"className":38,"code":46598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,156482,156483],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156484,156485],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156486,46598],{"class":202},[31,156488,156490],{"id":156489},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156492,156493,156495],{},[18,156494,42342],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1864,156497,156499],{"id":156498},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[36,156501,156503],{"className":38,"code":156502,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[18,156504,156505,156513,156517,156535],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156506,156507,156509,156511],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156508,52],{"class":51},[45,156510,56],{"class":55},[45,156512,149169],{"class":59},[45,156514,156515],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,156516,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,156518,156519,156521,156523,156525,156527,156529,156531,156533],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156520,982],{"class":969},[45,156522,38367],{"class":124},[45,156524,109],{"class":59},[45,156526,99],{"class":105},[45,156528,3654],{"class":59},[45,156530,6395],{"class":55},[45,156532,3827],{"class":202},[45,156534,1213],{"class":59},[45,156536,156537,156539,156541,156543,156546,156548],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,156538,8055],{"class":124},[45,156540,109],{"class":59},[45,156542,64],{"class":63},[45,156544,156545],{"class":67},"The tuple is empty",[45,156547,64],{"class":63},[45,156549,118],{"class":59},[14,156551,156552],{},[26,156553,268],{},[36,156555,156557],{"className":38,"code":156556,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"The tuple is empty\n",[18,156558,156559],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156560,156561,156563,156565,156567],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156562,16],{"class":51},[45,156564,48935],{"class":315},[45,156566,8082],{"class":55},[45,156568,8088],{"class":51},[1864,156570,156572],{"id":156571},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[36,156574,156576],{"className":38,"code":156575,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[18,156577,156578,156594,156598,156616],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156579,156580,156582,156584,156586,156588,156590,156592],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156581,51367],{"class":51},[45,156583,56],{"class":55},[45,156585,9222],{"class":59},[45,156587,2498],{"class":202},[45,156589,73],{"class":59},[45,156591,5980],{"class":202},[45,156593,118],{"class":59},[45,156595,156596],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,156597,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,156599,156600,156602,156604,156606,156608,156610,156612,156614],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156601,982],{"class":969},[45,156603,38367],{"class":124},[45,156605,109],{"class":59},[45,156607,51392],{"class":105},[45,156609,3654],{"class":59},[45,156611,6395],{"class":55},[45,156613,208],{"class":202},[45,156615,1213],{"class":59},[45,156617,156618,156620,156622,156624,156627,156629],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,156619,8055],{"class":124},[45,156621,109],{"class":59},[45,156623,64],{"class":63},[45,156625,156626],{"class":67},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[45,156628,64],{"class":63},[45,156630,118],{"class":59},[14,156632,156633],{},[26,156634,268],{},[36,156636,156638],{"className":38,"code":156637,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[18,156639,156640],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156641,156642,156645,156647],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156643,156644],{"class":51},"This looks like an x",[45,156646,73],{"class":59},[45,156648,156649],{"class":51}," y coordinate\n",[1864,156651,156653],{"id":156652},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[36,156655,156657],{"className":38,"code":156656,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[18,156658,156659,156688,156692,156710],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156660,156661,156663,156665,156667,156669,156671,156673,156675,156677,156679,156681,156684,156686],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156662,11477],{"class":51},[45,156664,56],{"class":55},[45,156666,9222],{"class":59},[45,156668,64],{"class":63},[45,156670,12867],{"class":67},[45,156672,64],{"class":63},[45,156674,73],{"class":59},[45,156676,9292],{"class":202},[45,156678,73],{"class":59},[45,156680,76],{"class":63},[45,156682,156683],{"class":67},"Canada",[45,156685,64],{"class":63},[45,156687,118],{"class":59},[45,156689,156690],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,156691,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,156693,156694,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706,156708],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156695,982],{"class":969},[45,156697,38367],{"class":124},[45,156699,109],{"class":59},[45,156701,11571],{"class":105},[45,156703,3654],{"class":59},[45,156705,6395],{"class":55},[45,156707,213],{"class":202},[45,156709,1213],{"class":59},[45,156711,156712,156714,156716,156718,156721,156723],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,156713,8055],{"class":124},[45,156715,109],{"class":59},[45,156717,64],{"class":63},[45,156719,156720],{"class":67},"User record has the expected number of values",[45,156722,64],{"class":63},[45,156724,118],{"class":59},[14,156726,156727],{},[26,156728,268],{},[36,156730,156732],{"className":38,"code":156731,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[18,156733,156734],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156735,156736],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156737,156731],{"class":51},[1864,156739,156741],{"id":156740},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[36,156743,156745],{"className":38,"code":156744,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[18,156746,156747,156779,156783,156803],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156748,156749,156751,156753,156755,156757,156759,156761,156763,156765,156767,156769,156771,156773,156775,156777],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156750,355],{"class":51},[45,156752,56],{"class":55},[45,156754,9222],{"class":59},[45,156756,64],{"class":63},[45,156758,364],{"class":67},[45,156760,64],{"class":63},[45,156762,73],{"class":59},[45,156764,76],{"class":63},[45,156766,373],{"class":67},[45,156768,64],{"class":63},[45,156770,73],{"class":59},[45,156772,76],{"class":63},[45,156774,382],{"class":67},[45,156776,64],{"class":63},[45,156778,118],{"class":59},[45,156780,156781],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,156782,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,156784,156785,156787,156789,156791,156793,156795,156797,156799,156801],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156786,970],{"class":969},[45,156788,69519],{"class":51},[45,156790,976],{"class":969},[45,156792,54053],{"class":124},[45,156794,109],{"class":59},[45,156796,11150],{"class":124},[45,156798,109],{"class":59},[45,156800,391],{"class":105},[45,156802,69534],{"class":59},[45,156804,156805,156807,156809,156811,156813,156815,156817,156819],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,156806,8055],{"class":124},[45,156808,109],{"class":59},[45,156810,36134],{"class":105},[45,156812,73],{"class":59},[45,156814,70067],{"class":105},[45,156816,278],{"class":59},[45,156818,36134],{"class":105},[45,156820,3880],{"class":59},[14,156822,156823],{},[26,156824,268],{},[36,156826,156827],{"className":38,"code":36146,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,156828,156829,156835,156841],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156830,156831,156833],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156832,2114],{"class":202},[45,156834,36155],{"class":51},[45,156836,156837,156839],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,156838,203],{"class":202},[45,156840,36162],{"class":51},[45,156842,156843,156845],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156844,234],{"class":202},[45,156846,36169],{"class":51},[14,156848,156849,156850,156852,156853,102],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[364,156851,149500],{"href":149499},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[364,156854,150744],{"href":150743},[31,156856,1709],{"id":1708},[14,156858,156859],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[157,156861,156862,156870,156877,156882],{},[160,156863,156864,156865,11080,156868],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[18,156866,156867],{},"(5)",[18,156869,149334],{},[160,156871,1736,156872,156874,156875],{},[18,156873,11150],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[18,156876,42342],{},[160,156878,1722,156879,156881],{},[18,156880,42342],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[160,156883,156884],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,156886,32064],{},[36,156888,156890],{"className":38,"code":156889,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[18,156891,156892,156902,156916,156930],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156893,156894,156896,156898,156900],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156895,125],{"class":124},[45,156897,109],{"class":59},[45,156899,147845],{"class":105},[45,156901,118],{"class":59},[45,156903,156904,156906,156908,156910,156912,156914],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,156905,125],{"class":124},[45,156907,109],{"class":59},[45,156909,1811],{"class":315},[45,156911,109],{"class":59},[45,156913,147845],{"class":105},[45,156915,1802],{"class":59},[45,156917,156918,156920,156922,156924,156926,156928],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156919,125],{"class":124},[45,156921,109],{"class":59},[45,156923,11150],{"class":124},[45,156925,109],{"class":59},[45,156927,147845],{"class":105},[45,156929,1802],{"class":59},[45,156931,156932,156934,156936,156938],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,156933,1822],{"class":124},[45,156935,109],{"class":59},[45,156937,11150],{"class":124},[45,156939,118],{"class":59},[14,156941,155054],{},[157,156943,156944,156947,156950,156954],{},[160,156945,156946],{},"what value you are using",[160,156948,156949],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[160,156951,26002,156952,11694],{},[18,156953,42342],{},[160,156955,123218,156956,156958],{},[18,156957,42342],{}," is documented in Python",[31,156960,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,156962,156964],{"id":156963},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,156966,141,156967,156970],{},[18,156968,156969],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1864,156972,175,156974,149004],{"id":156973},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[18,156975,42342],{},[14,156977,46346,156978,156980],{},[18,156979,42342],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1864,156982,156984],{"id":156983},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,156986,156987,156988,102],{},"The length is ",[18,156989,2114],{},[1864,156991,156993],{"id":156992},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,156995,150690,156996,156998],{},[18,156997,150693],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1864,157000,175,157002,157004],{"id":157001},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[18,157003,42342],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,157006,157007],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[31,157009,1909],{"id":1908},[157,157011,157012,157018,157022,157026,157030],{},[160,157013,157014],{},[364,157015,3569,157016,3502],{"href":42339},[18,157017,42342],{},[160,157019,157020],{},[364,157021,155919],{"href":147830},[160,157023,157024],{},[364,157025,149500],{"href":149499},[160,157027,157028],{},[364,157029,150744],{"href":150743},[160,157031,157032],{},[364,157033,157034],{"href":149130},"What is a tuple in Python",[1936,157036,157037],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":157039},[157040,157041,157042,157049,157055,157064,157070,157071,157080],{"id":15148,"depth":96,"text":15149},{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":155407,"depth":96,"text":157043,"children":157044},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157045,157046,157047,157048],{"id":155419,"depth":121,"text":155420},{"id":155486,"depth":121,"text":155487},{"id":155531,"depth":121,"text":155532},{"id":155580,"depth":121,"text":155581},{"id":155669,"depth":96,"text":155670,"children":157050},[157051,157052,157053,157054],{"id":155673,"depth":121,"text":155674},{"id":155748,"depth":121,"text":155487},{"id":155790,"depth":121,"text":155791},{"id":155924,"depth":121,"text":155925},{"id":156008,"depth":96,"text":156009,"children":157056},[157057,157059,157061,157062],{"id":156012,"depth":121,"text":157058},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156150,"depth":121,"text":157060},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156226,"depth":121,"text":156227},{"id":156361,"depth":121,"text":157063},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156489,"depth":96,"text":156490,"children":157065},[157066,157067,157068,157069],{"id":156498,"depth":121,"text":156499},{"id":156571,"depth":121,"text":156572},{"id":156652,"depth":121,"text":156653},{"id":156740,"depth":121,"text":156741},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":157072},[157073,157074,157076,157077,157078],{"id":156963,"depth":121,"text":156964},{"id":156973,"depth":121,"text":157075},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156983,"depth":121,"text":156984},{"id":156992,"depth":121,"text":156993},{"id":157001,"depth":121,"text":157079},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155191,"description":157081},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157088,"title":157089,"body":157090,"description":159475,"extension":1958,"meta":159476,"navigation":241,"path":159477,"seo":159478,"stem":159479,"__hash__":159480},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157091,"toc":159436},[157092,157095,157098,157101,157124,157130,157132,157243,157247,157250,157260,157262,157361,157363,157440,157446,157450,157453,157476,157479,157496,157499,157501,157564,157566,157583,157594,157599,157601,157604,157610,157661,157663,157683,157687,157738,157740,157761,157765,157820,157822,157843,157847,157902,157904,157925,157929,157982,157984,158013,158015,158017,158020,158024,158081,158083,158104,158108,158161,158163,158188,158193,158197,158202,158220,158223,158286,158288,158309,158312,158373,158375,158396,158399,158442,158445,158449,158454,158458,158537,158539,158570,158574,158649,158651,158678,158682,158729,158731,158739,158744,158748,158751,158766,158768,158856,158858,158883,158886,158929,158938,158940,158943,158958,158961,158965,159019,159021,159041,159046,159050,159052,159090,159093,159143,159147,159220,159222,159259,159262,159264,159267,159287,159290,159359,159361,159374,159376,159380,159383,159387,159390,159395,159398,159404,159409,159411,159433],[10,157093,157089],{"id":157094},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,157096,157097],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,157099,157100],{},"Use this format:",[36,157102,157104],{"className":38,"code":157103,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157105,157106],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157107,157108,157110,157112,157114,157116,157118,157120,157122],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157109,48935],{"class":51},[45,157111,278],{"class":59},[45,157113,36054],{"class":51},[45,157115,1111],{"class":59},[45,157117,75264],{"class":51},[45,157119,1111],{"class":59},[45,157121,75267],{"class":51},[45,157123,93],{"class":59},[14,157125,16,157126,75300,157128,102],{},[18,157127,75264],{},[26,157129,65047],{},[31,157131,34],{"id":33},[36,157133,157135],{"className":38,"code":157134,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,157136,157137,157165,157169,157190,157207,157224],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157138,157139,157141,157143,157145,157147,157149,157151,157153,157155,157157,157159,157161,157163],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157140,195],{"class":51},[45,157142,56],{"class":55},[45,157144,9222],{"class":59},[45,157146,585],{"class":202},[45,157148,73],{"class":59},[45,157150,590],{"class":202},[45,157152,73],{"class":59},[45,157154,595],{"class":202},[45,157156,73],{"class":59},[45,157158,600],{"class":202},[45,157160,73],{"class":59},[45,157162,5071],{"class":202},[45,157164,118],{"class":59},[45,157166,157167],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,157168,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,157170,157171,157173,157175,157177,157179,157181,157183,157185,157187],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157172,125],{"class":124},[45,157174,109],{"class":59},[45,157176,251],{"class":105},[45,157178,278],{"class":59},[45,157180,203],{"class":202},[45,157182,1111],{"class":59},[45,157184,2498],{"class":202},[45,157186,20432],{"class":59},[45,157188,157189],{"class":137},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[45,157191,157192,157194,157196,157198,157200,157202,157204],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,157193,125],{"class":124},[45,157195,109],{"class":59},[45,157197,251],{"class":105},[45,157199,75373],{"class":59},[45,157201,2056],{"class":202},[45,157203,20432],{"class":59},[45,157205,157206],{"class":137},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[45,157208,157209,157211,157213,157215,157217,157219,157221],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,157210,125],{"class":124},[45,157212,109],{"class":59},[45,157214,251],{"class":105},[45,157216,73960],{"class":59},[45,157218,234],{"class":202},[45,157220,20432],{"class":59},[45,157222,157223],{"class":137},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[45,157225,157226,157228,157230,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,157227,125],{"class":124},[45,157229,109],{"class":59},[45,157231,251],{"class":105},[45,157233,73960],{"class":59},[45,157235,2016],{"class":55},[45,157237,203],{"class":202},[45,157239,20432],{"class":59},[45,157241,157242],{"class":137},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[31,157244,157246],{"id":157245},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157248,157249],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[157,157251,157252,157254,157257],{},[160,157253,75567],{},[160,157255,157256],{},"The result is a new tuple",[160,157258,157259],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157261,345],{},[36,157263,157265],{"className":38,"code":157264,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,157266,157267,157315,157319,157337,157341,157351],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157268,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299,157301,157303,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157270,355],{"class":51},[45,157272,56],{"class":55},[45,157274,9222],{"class":59},[45,157276,64],{"class":63},[45,157278,364],{"class":67},[45,157280,64],{"class":63},[45,157282,73],{"class":59},[45,157284,76],{"class":63},[45,157286,373],{"class":67},[45,157288,64],{"class":63},[45,157290,73],{"class":59},[45,157292,76],{"class":63},[45,157294,382],{"class":67},[45,157296,64],{"class":63},[45,157298,73],{"class":59},[45,157300,76],{"class":63},[45,157302,18753],{"class":67},[45,157304,64],{"class":63},[45,157306,73],{"class":59},[45,157308,76],{"class":63},[45,157310,60424],{"class":67},[45,157312,64],{"class":63},[45,157314,118],{"class":59},[45,157316,157317],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,157318,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,157320,157321,157323,157325,157327,157329,157331,157333,157335],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157322,75497],{"class":51},[45,157324,56],{"class":55},[45,157326,70067],{"class":51},[45,157328,278],{"class":59},[45,157330,203],{"class":202},[45,157332,1111],{"class":59},[45,157334,2498],{"class":202},[45,157336,93],{"class":59},[45,157338,157339],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,157340,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,157342,157343,157345,157347,157349],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,157344,125],{"class":124},[45,157346,109],{"class":59},[45,157348,75520],{"class":105},[45,157350,118],{"class":59},[45,157352,157353,157355,157357,157359],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,157354,125],{"class":124},[45,157356,109],{"class":59},[45,157358,391],{"class":105},[45,157360,118],{"class":59},[14,157362,268],{},[36,157364,157366],{"className":38,"code":157365,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[18,157367,157368,157396],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157369,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157371,109],{"class":59},[45,157373,429],{"class":63},[45,157375,373],{"class":67},[45,157377,429],{"class":63},[45,157379,73],{"class":59},[45,157381,438],{"class":63},[45,157383,382],{"class":67},[45,157385,429],{"class":63},[45,157387,73],{"class":59},[45,157389,438],{"class":63},[45,157391,18753],{"class":67},[45,157393,429],{"class":63},[45,157395,118],{"class":59},[45,157397,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424,157426,157428,157430,157432,157434,157436,157438],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,157399,109],{"class":59},[45,157401,429],{"class":63},[45,157403,364],{"class":67},[45,157405,429],{"class":63},[45,157407,73],{"class":59},[45,157409,438],{"class":63},[45,157411,373],{"class":67},[45,157413,429],{"class":63},[45,157415,73],{"class":59},[45,157417,438],{"class":63},[45,157419,382],{"class":67},[45,157421,429],{"class":63},[45,157423,73],{"class":59},[45,157425,438],{"class":63},[45,157427,18753],{"class":67},[45,157429,429],{"class":63},[45,157431,73],{"class":59},[45,157433,438],{"class":63},[45,157435,60424],{"class":67},[45,157437,429],{"class":63},[45,157439,118],{"class":59},[14,157441,157442,157443,102],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[364,157444,147827],{"href":157445},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[31,157447,157449],{"id":157448},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157451,157452],{},"The full syntax is:",[36,157454,157456],{"className":38,"code":157455,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157457,157458],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157459,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157461,147845],{"class":51},[45,157463,278],{"class":59},[45,157465,36054],{"class":51},[45,157467,1111],{"class":59},[45,157469,75264],{"class":51},[45,157471,1111],{"class":59},[45,157473,75267],{"class":51},[45,157475,93],{"class":59},[14,157477,157478],{},"Each part has a job:",[157,157480,157481,157486,157491],{},[160,157482,157483,157485],{},[18,157484,36054],{},": where slicing begins",[160,157487,157488,157490],{},[18,157489,75264],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[160,157492,157493,157495],{},[18,157494,75267],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157497,157498],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157500,345],{},[36,157502,157504],{"className":38,"code":157503,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[18,157505,157506,157538,157542],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157507,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157509,195],{"class":51},[45,157511,56],{"class":55},[45,157513,9222],{"class":59},[45,157515,585],{"class":202},[45,157517,73],{"class":59},[45,157519,590],{"class":202},[45,157521,73],{"class":59},[45,157523,595],{"class":202},[45,157525,73],{"class":59},[45,157527,600],{"class":202},[45,157529,73],{"class":59},[45,157531,5071],{"class":202},[45,157533,73],{"class":59},[45,157535,75938],{"class":202},[45,157537,118],{"class":59},[45,157539,157540],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,157541,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,157543,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157545,125],{"class":124},[45,157547,109],{"class":59},[45,157549,251],{"class":105},[45,157551,278],{"class":59},[45,157553,203],{"class":202},[45,157555,1111],{"class":59},[45,157557,2131],{"class":202},[45,157559,1111],{"class":59},[45,157561,234],{"class":202},[45,157563,3880],{"class":59},[14,157565,268],{},[36,157567,157569],{"className":38,"code":157568,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(20, 40)\n",[18,157570,157571],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157572,157573,157575,157577,157579,157581],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157574,109],{"class":59},[45,157576,15741],{"class":202},[45,157578,73],{"class":59},[45,157580,600],{"class":202},[45,157582,118],{"class":59},[14,157584,157585,157586,157588,157589,157591,157592,102],{},"This starts at index ",[18,157587,203],{},", stops before index ",[18,157590,2131],{},", and moves by ",[18,157593,234],{},[14,157595,157596,157597,102],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[364,157598,149500],{"href":152926},[31,157600,75854],{"id":75853},[14,157602,157603],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1864,157605,157607,157608,1210],{"id":157606},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[18,157609,75868],{},[36,157611,157613],{"className":38,"code":157612,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[18,157614,157615,157643,157647],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157616,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157618,195],{"class":51},[45,157620,56],{"class":55},[45,157622,9222],{"class":59},[45,157624,585],{"class":202},[45,157626,73],{"class":59},[45,157628,590],{"class":202},[45,157630,73],{"class":59},[45,157632,595],{"class":202},[45,157634,73],{"class":59},[45,157636,600],{"class":202},[45,157638,73],{"class":59},[45,157640,5071],{"class":202},[45,157642,118],{"class":59},[45,157644,157645],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,157646,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,157648,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157650,125],{"class":124},[45,157652,109],{"class":59},[45,157654,251],{"class":105},[45,157656,75373],{"class":59},[45,157658,2056],{"class":202},[45,157660,3880],{"class":59},[14,157662,268],{},[36,157664,157665],{"className":38,"code":151192,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,157666,157667],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157668,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157670,109],{"class":59},[45,157672,585],{"class":202},[45,157674,73],{"class":59},[45,157676,590],{"class":202},[45,157678,73],{"class":59},[45,157680,595],{"class":202},[45,157682,118],{"class":59},[1864,157684,157686],{"id":157685},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[36,157688,157690],{"className":38,"code":157689,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[18,157691,157692,157720,157724],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157693,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157695,195],{"class":51},[45,157697,56],{"class":55},[45,157699,9222],{"class":59},[45,157701,585],{"class":202},[45,157703,73],{"class":59},[45,157705,590],{"class":202},[45,157707,73],{"class":59},[45,157709,595],{"class":202},[45,157711,73],{"class":59},[45,157713,600],{"class":202},[45,157715,73],{"class":59},[45,157717,5071],{"class":202},[45,157719,118],{"class":59},[45,157721,157722],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,157723,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,157725,157726,157728,157730,157732,157734,157736],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157727,125],{"class":124},[45,157729,109],{"class":59},[45,157731,251],{"class":105},[45,157733,278],{"class":59},[45,157735,234],{"class":202},[45,157737,77554],{"class":59},[14,157739,268],{},[36,157741,157743],{"className":38,"code":157742,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[18,157744,157745],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157746,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157748,109],{"class":59},[45,157750,616],{"class":202},[45,157752,73],{"class":59},[45,157754,600],{"class":202},[45,157756,73],{"class":59},[45,157758,5071],{"class":202},[45,157760,118],{"class":59},[1864,157762,157764],{"id":157763},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[36,157766,157768],{"className":38,"code":157767,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,157769,157770,157798,157802],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157771,157772,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157773,195],{"class":51},[45,157775,56],{"class":55},[45,157777,9222],{"class":59},[45,157779,585],{"class":202},[45,157781,73],{"class":59},[45,157783,590],{"class":202},[45,157785,73],{"class":59},[45,157787,595],{"class":202},[45,157789,73],{"class":59},[45,157791,600],{"class":202},[45,157793,73],{"class":59},[45,157795,5071],{"class":202},[45,157797,118],{"class":59},[45,157799,157800],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,157801,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,157803,157804,157806,157808,157810,157812,157814,157816,157818],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157805,125],{"class":124},[45,157807,109],{"class":59},[45,157809,251],{"class":105},[45,157811,278],{"class":59},[45,157813,203],{"class":202},[45,157815,1111],{"class":59},[45,157817,2498],{"class":202},[45,157819,3880],{"class":59},[14,157821,268],{},[36,157823,157825],{"className":38,"code":157824,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[18,157826,157827],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157828,157829,157831,157833,157835,157837,157839,157841],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157830,109],{"class":59},[45,157832,15741],{"class":202},[45,157834,73],{"class":59},[45,157836,595],{"class":202},[45,157838,73],{"class":59},[45,157840,600],{"class":202},[45,157842,118],{"class":59},[1864,157844,157846],{"id":157845},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[36,157848,157850],{"className":38,"code":157849,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[18,157851,157852,157884,157888],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157853,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157855,195],{"class":51},[45,157857,56],{"class":55},[45,157859,9222],{"class":59},[45,157861,585],{"class":202},[45,157863,73],{"class":59},[45,157865,590],{"class":202},[45,157867,73],{"class":59},[45,157869,595],{"class":202},[45,157871,73],{"class":59},[45,157873,600],{"class":202},[45,157875,73],{"class":59},[45,157877,5071],{"class":202},[45,157879,73],{"class":59},[45,157881,75938],{"class":202},[45,157883,118],{"class":59},[45,157885,157886],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,157887,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,157889,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157891,125],{"class":124},[45,157893,109],{"class":59},[45,157895,251],{"class":105},[45,157897,73960],{"class":59},[45,157899,234],{"class":202},[45,157901,3880],{"class":59},[14,157903,268],{},[36,157905,157907],{"className":38,"code":157906,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[18,157908,157909],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157910,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157912,109],{"class":59},[45,157914,585],{"class":202},[45,157916,73],{"class":59},[45,157918,595],{"class":202},[45,157920,73],{"class":59},[45,157922,5071],{"class":202},[45,157924,118],{"class":59},[1864,157926,157928],{"id":157927},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[36,157930,157932],{"className":38,"code":157931,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[18,157933,157934,157962,157966],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157935,157936,157938,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948,157950,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157937,195],{"class":51},[45,157939,56],{"class":55},[45,157941,9222],{"class":59},[45,157943,585],{"class":202},[45,157945,73],{"class":59},[45,157947,590],{"class":202},[45,157949,73],{"class":59},[45,157951,595],{"class":202},[45,157953,73],{"class":59},[45,157955,600],{"class":202},[45,157957,73],{"class":59},[45,157959,5071],{"class":202},[45,157961,118],{"class":59},[45,157963,157964],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,157965,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,157967,157968,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978,157980],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157969,125],{"class":124},[45,157971,109],{"class":59},[45,157973,251],{"class":105},[45,157975,73960],{"class":59},[45,157977,2016],{"class":55},[45,157979,203],{"class":202},[45,157981,3880],{"class":59},[14,157983,268],{},[36,157985,157987],{"className":38,"code":157986,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,157988,157989],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157990,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999,158001,158003,158005,158007,158009,158011],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157992,109],{"class":59},[45,157994,76632],{"class":202},[45,157996,73],{"class":59},[45,157998,600],{"class":202},[45,158000,73],{"class":59},[45,158002,595],{"class":202},[45,158004,73],{"class":59},[45,158006,590],{"class":202},[45,158008,73],{"class":59},[45,158010,5991],{"class":202},[45,158012,118],{"class":59},[31,158014,76148],{"id":76147},[14,158016,154199],{},[14,158018,158019],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1864,158021,158023],{"id":158022},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[36,158025,158027],{"className":38,"code":158026,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[18,158028,158029,158061,158065],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158030,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158032,195],{"class":51},[45,158034,56],{"class":55},[45,158036,9222],{"class":59},[45,158038,585],{"class":202},[45,158040,73],{"class":59},[45,158042,590],{"class":202},[45,158044,73],{"class":59},[45,158046,595],{"class":202},[45,158048,73],{"class":59},[45,158050,600],{"class":202},[45,158052,73],{"class":59},[45,158054,5071],{"class":202},[45,158056,73],{"class":59},[45,158058,75938],{"class":202},[45,158060,118],{"class":59},[45,158062,158063],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,158064,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,158066,158067,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077,158079],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158068,125],{"class":124},[45,158070,109],{"class":59},[45,158072,251],{"class":105},[45,158074,278],{"class":59},[45,158076,2016],{"class":55},[45,158078,2056],{"class":202},[45,158080,77554],{"class":59},[14,158082,268],{},[36,158084,158086],{"className":38,"code":158085,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[18,158087,158088],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158089,158090,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100,158102],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158091,109],{"class":59},[45,158093,56670],{"class":202},[45,158095,73],{"class":59},[45,158097,5071],{"class":202},[45,158099,73],{"class":59},[45,158101,75938],{"class":202},[45,158103,118],{"class":59},[1864,158105,158107],{"id":158106},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[36,158109,158111],{"className":38,"code":158110,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[18,158112,158113,158141,158145],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158114,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158116,195],{"class":51},[45,158118,56],{"class":55},[45,158120,9222],{"class":59},[45,158122,585],{"class":202},[45,158124,73],{"class":59},[45,158126,590],{"class":202},[45,158128,73],{"class":59},[45,158130,595],{"class":202},[45,158132,73],{"class":59},[45,158134,600],{"class":202},[45,158136,73],{"class":59},[45,158138,5071],{"class":202},[45,158140,118],{"class":59},[45,158142,158143],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,158144,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,158146,158147,158149,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158148,125],{"class":124},[45,158150,109],{"class":59},[45,158152,251],{"class":105},[45,158154,75373],{"class":59},[45,158156,2016],{"class":55},[45,158158,203],{"class":202},[45,158160,3880],{"class":59},[14,158162,268],{},[36,158164,158166],{"className":38,"code":158165,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,158167,158168],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158169,158170,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158171,109],{"class":59},[45,158173,585],{"class":202},[45,158175,73],{"class":59},[45,158177,590],{"class":202},[45,158179,73],{"class":59},[45,158181,595],{"class":202},[45,158183,73],{"class":59},[45,158185,600],{"class":202},[45,158187,118],{"class":59},[14,158189,158190,158191,102],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[364,158192,150749],{"href":157083},[31,158194,158196],{"id":158195},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158198,16,158199,158201],{},[18,158200,75267],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[157,158203,158204,158206,158208,158214],{},[160,158205,76404],{},[160,158207,76407],{},[160,158209,158210,158213],{},[18,158211,158212],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[160,158215,158216,158217,158219],{},"A step of ",[18,158218,2114],{}," is not allowed",[14,158221,158222],{},"Example with a positive step:",[36,158224,158226],{"className":38,"code":158225,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[18,158227,158228,158260,158264],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158229,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248,158250,158252,158254,158256,158258],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158231,195],{"class":51},[45,158233,56],{"class":55},[45,158235,9222],{"class":59},[45,158237,585],{"class":202},[45,158239,73],{"class":59},[45,158241,590],{"class":202},[45,158243,73],{"class":59},[45,158245,595],{"class":202},[45,158247,73],{"class":59},[45,158249,600],{"class":202},[45,158251,73],{"class":59},[45,158253,5071],{"class":202},[45,158255,73],{"class":59},[45,158257,75938],{"class":202},[45,158259,118],{"class":59},[45,158261,158262],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,158263,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,158265,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274,158276,158278,158280,158282,158284],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158267,125],{"class":124},[45,158269,109],{"class":59},[45,158271,251],{"class":105},[45,158273,278],{"class":59},[45,158275,203],{"class":202},[45,158277,1111],{"class":59},[45,158279,80432],{"class":202},[45,158281,1111],{"class":59},[45,158283,234],{"class":202},[45,158285,3880],{"class":59},[14,158287,268],{},[36,158289,158291],{"className":38,"code":158290,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[18,158292,158293],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158294,158295,158297,158299,158301,158303,158305,158307],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158296,109],{"class":59},[45,158298,15741],{"class":202},[45,158300,73],{"class":59},[45,158302,600],{"class":202},[45,158304,73],{"class":59},[45,158306,75938],{"class":202},[45,158308,118],{"class":59},[14,158310,158311],{},"Example with a negative step:",[36,158313,158315],{"className":38,"code":158314,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[18,158316,158317,158345,158349],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158318,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341,158343],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158320,195],{"class":51},[45,158322,56],{"class":55},[45,158324,9222],{"class":59},[45,158326,585],{"class":202},[45,158328,73],{"class":59},[45,158330,590],{"class":202},[45,158332,73],{"class":59},[45,158334,595],{"class":202},[45,158336,73],{"class":59},[45,158338,600],{"class":202},[45,158340,73],{"class":59},[45,158342,5071],{"class":202},[45,158344,118],{"class":59},[45,158346,158347],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,158348,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,158350,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359,158361,158363,158365,158367,158369,158371],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158352,125],{"class":124},[45,158354,109],{"class":59},[45,158356,251],{"class":105},[45,158358,278],{"class":59},[45,158360,2498],{"class":202},[45,158362,1111],{"class":59},[45,158364,203],{"class":202},[45,158366,1111],{"class":59},[45,158368,2016],{"class":55},[45,158370,203],{"class":202},[45,158372,3880],{"class":59},[14,158374,268],{},[36,158376,158378],{"className":38,"code":158377,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[18,158379,158380],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158381,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158383,109],{"class":59},[45,158385,76632],{"class":202},[45,158387,73],{"class":59},[45,158389,600],{"class":202},[45,158391,73],{"class":59},[45,158393,595],{"class":202},[45,158395,118],{"class":59},[14,158397,158398],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[36,158400,158402],{"className":38,"code":158401,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,158403,158404,158424,158428],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158405,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158407,195],{"class":51},[45,158409,56],{"class":55},[45,158411,9222],{"class":59},[45,158413,585],{"class":202},[45,158415,73],{"class":59},[45,158417,590],{"class":202},[45,158419,73],{"class":59},[45,158421,595],{"class":202},[45,158423,118],{"class":59},[45,158425,158426],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,158427,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,158429,158430,158432,158434,158436,158438,158440],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158431,125],{"class":124},[45,158433,109],{"class":59},[45,158435,251],{"class":105},[45,158437,73960],{"class":59},[45,158439,2114],{"class":202},[45,158441,3880],{"class":59},[14,158443,158444],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[31,158446,158448],{"id":158447},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158450,158451,158452,33722],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[26,158453,48935],{},[1864,158455,158457],{"id":158456},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[36,158459,158461],{"className":38,"code":158460,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158462,158463,158487,158491,158509,158513,158523],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158464,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483,158485],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158466,195],{"class":51},[45,158468,56],{"class":55},[45,158470,9222],{"class":59},[45,158472,585],{"class":202},[45,158474,73],{"class":59},[45,158476,590],{"class":202},[45,158478,73],{"class":59},[45,158480,595],{"class":202},[45,158482,73],{"class":59},[45,158484,600],{"class":202},[45,158486,118],{"class":59},[45,158488,158489],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,158490,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,158492,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158494,220],{"class":51},[45,158496,56],{"class":55},[45,158498,225],{"class":51},[45,158500,278],{"class":59},[45,158502,203],{"class":202},[45,158504,1111],{"class":59},[45,158506,2056],{"class":202},[45,158508,93],{"class":59},[45,158510,158511],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,158512,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,158514,158515,158517,158519,158521],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,158516,125],{"class":124},[45,158518,109],{"class":59},[45,158520,263],{"class":105},[45,158522,118],{"class":59},[45,158524,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,158526,125],{"class":124},[45,158528,109],{"class":59},[45,158530,1811],{"class":315},[45,158532,109],{"class":59},[45,158534,263],{"class":105},[45,158536,1802],{"class":59},[14,158538,268],{},[36,158540,158542],{"className":38,"code":158541,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158543,158544,158556],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158545,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158547,109],{"class":59},[45,158549,15741],{"class":202},[45,158551,73],{"class":59},[45,158553,595],{"class":202},[45,158555,118],{"class":59},[45,158557,158558,158560,158562,158564,158566,158568],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,158559,3284],{"class":55},[45,158561,3287],{"class":2059},[45,158563,438],{"class":63},[45,158565,48935],{"class":67},[45,158567,429],{"class":63},[45,158569,3296],{"class":55},[1864,158571,158573],{"id":158572},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[36,158575,158577],{"className":38,"code":158576,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158578,158579,158599,158603,158621,158625,158635],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158580,158581,158583,158585,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158582,195],{"class":51},[45,158584,56],{"class":55},[45,158586,9222],{"class":59},[45,158588,585],{"class":202},[45,158590,73],{"class":59},[45,158592,590],{"class":202},[45,158594,73],{"class":59},[45,158596,595],{"class":202},[45,158598,118],{"class":59},[45,158600,158601],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,158602,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,158604,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613,158615,158617,158619],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158606,220],{"class":51},[45,158608,56],{"class":55},[45,158610,225],{"class":51},[45,158612,278],{"class":59},[45,158614,203],{"class":202},[45,158616,1111],{"class":59},[45,158618,234],{"class":202},[45,158620,93],{"class":59},[45,158622,158623],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,158624,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,158626,158627,158629,158631,158633],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,158628,125],{"class":124},[45,158630,109],{"class":59},[45,158632,263],{"class":105},[45,158634,118],{"class":59},[45,158636,158637,158639,158641,158643,158645,158647],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,158638,125],{"class":124},[45,158640,109],{"class":59},[45,158642,1811],{"class":315},[45,158644,109],{"class":59},[45,158646,263],{"class":105},[45,158648,1802],{"class":59},[14,158650,268],{},[36,158652,158654],{"className":38,"code":158653,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158655,158656,158664],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158657,158658,158660,158662],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158659,109],{"class":59},[45,158661,15741],{"class":202},[45,158663,149183],{"class":59},[45,158665,158666,158668,158670,158672,158674,158676],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,158667,3284],{"class":55},[45,158669,3287],{"class":2059},[45,158671,438],{"class":63},[45,158673,48935],{"class":67},[45,158675,429],{"class":63},[45,158677,3296],{"class":55},[1864,158679,158681],{"id":158680},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[36,158683,158685],{"className":38,"code":158684,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[18,158686,158687,158707,158711],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158688,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703,158705],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158690,195],{"class":51},[45,158692,56],{"class":55},[45,158694,9222],{"class":59},[45,158696,585],{"class":202},[45,158698,73],{"class":59},[45,158700,590],{"class":202},[45,158702,73],{"class":59},[45,158704,595],{"class":202},[45,158706,118],{"class":59},[45,158708,158709],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,158710,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,158712,158713,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158714,125],{"class":124},[45,158716,109],{"class":59},[45,158718,251],{"class":105},[45,158720,278],{"class":59},[45,158722,2131],{"class":202},[45,158724,1111],{"class":59},[45,158726,2340],{"class":202},[45,158728,3880],{"class":59},[14,158730,268],{},[36,158732,158733],{"className":38,"code":8627,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,158734,158735],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158736,158737],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158738,8627],{"class":59},[14,158740,158741,158742,102],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[364,158743,155919],{"href":150806},[31,158745,158747],{"id":158746},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158749,158750],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[157,158752,158753,158755,158758,158763],{},[160,158754,76713],{},[160,158756,158757],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[160,158759,158760,158761],{},"Indexing can raise ",[18,158762,70701],{},[160,158764,158765],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158767,345],{},[36,158769,158771],{"className":38,"code":158770,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[18,158772,158773,158793,158797,158814,158835],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158774,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785,158787,158789,158791],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158776,195],{"class":51},[45,158778,56],{"class":55},[45,158780,9222],{"class":59},[45,158782,585],{"class":202},[45,158784,73],{"class":59},[45,158786,590],{"class":202},[45,158788,73],{"class":59},[45,158790,595],{"class":202},[45,158792,118],{"class":59},[45,158794,158795],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,158796,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,158798,158799,158801,158803,158805,158807,158809,158811],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158800,125],{"class":124},[45,158802,109],{"class":59},[45,158804,251],{"class":105},[45,158806,278],{"class":59},[45,158808,203],{"class":202},[45,158810,20432],{"class":59},[45,158812,158813],{"class":137},"    # one item\n",[45,158815,158816,158818,158820,158822,158824,158826,158828,158830,158832],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,158817,125],{"class":124},[45,158819,109],{"class":59},[45,158821,251],{"class":105},[45,158823,278],{"class":59},[45,158825,203],{"class":202},[45,158827,1111],{"class":59},[45,158829,2131],{"class":202},[45,158831,20432],{"class":59},[45,158833,158834],{"class":137},"  # slice\n",[45,158836,158837,158839,158841,158843,158845,158847,158849,158851,158853],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,158838,125],{"class":124},[45,158840,109],{"class":59},[45,158842,251],{"class":105},[45,158844,278],{"class":59},[45,158846,2131],{"class":202},[45,158848,1111],{"class":59},[45,158850,2340],{"class":202},[45,158852,20432],{"class":59},[45,158854,158855],{"class":137},"  # empty slice\n",[14,158857,268],{},[36,158859,158861],{"className":38,"code":158860,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[18,158862,158863,158867,158879],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158864,158865],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158866,71194],{"class":202},[45,158868,158869,158871,158873,158875,158877],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,158870,109],{"class":59},[45,158872,15741],{"class":202},[45,158874,73],{"class":59},[45,158876,595],{"class":202},[45,158878,118],{"class":59},[45,158880,158881],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158882,8627],{"class":59},[14,158884,158885],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[36,158887,158889],{"className":38,"code":158888,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,158890,158891,158911,158915],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158892,158893,158895,158897,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907,158909],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158894,195],{"class":51},[45,158896,56],{"class":55},[45,158898,9222],{"class":59},[45,158900,585],{"class":202},[45,158902,73],{"class":59},[45,158904,590],{"class":202},[45,158906,73],{"class":59},[45,158908,595],{"class":202},[45,158910,118],{"class":59},[45,158912,158913],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,158914,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,158916,158917,158919,158921,158923,158925,158927],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158918,125],{"class":124},[45,158920,109],{"class":59},[45,158922,251],{"class":105},[45,158924,278],{"class":59},[45,158926,2131],{"class":202},[45,158928,3880],{"class":59},[14,158930,158931,158932,158934,158935,102],{},"This raises an ",[18,158933,70701],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[364,158936,154672],{"href":158937},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[31,158939,15163],{"id":76980},[14,158941,158942],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[157,158944,158945,158948,158950,158953],{},[160,158946,158947],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[160,158949,60669],{},[160,158951,158952],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[160,158954,158955,158956],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[18,158957,2114],{},[14,158959,158960],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1864,158962,158964],{"id":158963},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[36,158966,158967],{"className":38,"code":157767,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,158968,158969,158997,159001],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158970,158971,158973,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989,158991,158993,158995],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158972,195],{"class":51},[45,158974,56],{"class":55},[45,158976,9222],{"class":59},[45,158978,585],{"class":202},[45,158980,73],{"class":59},[45,158982,590],{"class":202},[45,158984,73],{"class":59},[45,158986,595],{"class":202},[45,158988,73],{"class":59},[45,158990,600],{"class":202},[45,158992,73],{"class":59},[45,158994,5071],{"class":202},[45,158996,118],{"class":59},[45,158998,158999],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,159000,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,159002,159003,159005,159007,159009,159011,159013,159015,159017],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159004,125],{"class":124},[45,159006,109],{"class":59},[45,159008,251],{"class":105},[45,159010,278],{"class":59},[45,159012,203],{"class":202},[45,159014,1111],{"class":59},[45,159016,2498],{"class":202},[45,159018,3880],{"class":59},[14,159020,268],{},[36,159022,159023],{"className":38,"code":157824,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,159024,159025],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159026,159027,159029,159031,159033,159035,159037,159039],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159028,109],{"class":59},[45,159030,15741],{"class":202},[45,159032,73],{"class":59},[45,159034,595],{"class":202},[45,159036,73],{"class":59},[45,159038,600],{"class":202},[45,159040,118],{"class":59},[14,159042,132251,159043,159045],{},[18,159044,2498],{}," is not included.",[1864,159047,159049],{"id":159048},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,159051,4516],{},[36,159053,159055],{"className":38,"code":159054,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[18,159056,159057,159081,159085],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159058,159059,159061,159063,159065,159067,159069,159071,159073,159075,159077,159079],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159060,195],{"class":51},[45,159062,56],{"class":55},[45,159064,9222],{"class":59},[45,159066,585],{"class":202},[45,159068,73],{"class":59},[45,159070,590],{"class":202},[45,159072,73],{"class":59},[45,159074,595],{"class":202},[45,159076,73],{"class":59},[45,159078,600],{"class":202},[45,159080,118],{"class":59},[45,159082,159083],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,159084,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,159086,159087],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159088,159089],{"class":137},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,159091,159092],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[36,159094,159095],{"className":38,"code":154752,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,159096,159097,159121,159125],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159098,159099,159101,159103,159105,159107,159109,159111,159113,159115,159117,159119],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159100,195],{"class":51},[45,159102,56],{"class":55},[45,159104,9222],{"class":59},[45,159106,585],{"class":202},[45,159108,73],{"class":59},[45,159110,590],{"class":202},[45,159112,73],{"class":59},[45,159114,595],{"class":202},[45,159116,73],{"class":59},[45,159118,600],{"class":202},[45,159120,118],{"class":59},[45,159122,159123],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,159124,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,159126,159127,159129,159131,159133,159135,159137,159139,159141],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159128,125],{"class":124},[45,159130,109],{"class":59},[45,159132,251],{"class":105},[45,159134,278],{"class":59},[45,159136,203],{"class":202},[45,159138,1111],{"class":59},[45,159140,2056],{"class":202},[45,159142,3880],{"class":59},[1864,159144,159146],{"id":159145},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[36,159148,159150],{"className":38,"code":159149,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,159151,159152,159176,159180,159195,159199,159210],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159153,159154,159156,159158,159160,159162,159164,159166,159168,159170,159172,159174],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159155,195],{"class":51},[45,159157,56],{"class":55},[45,159159,9222],{"class":59},[45,159161,585],{"class":202},[45,159163,73],{"class":59},[45,159165,590],{"class":202},[45,159167,73],{"class":59},[45,159169,595],{"class":202},[45,159171,73],{"class":59},[45,159173,600],{"class":202},[45,159175,118],{"class":59},[45,159177,159178],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,159179,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,159181,159182,159185,159187,159189,159191,159193],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159183,159184],{"class":51},"slice_result ",[45,159186,56],{"class":55},[45,159188,225],{"class":51},[45,159190,75373],{"class":59},[45,159192,234],{"class":202},[45,159194,93],{"class":59},[45,159196,159197],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,159198,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,159200,159201,159203,159205,159208],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,159202,125],{"class":124},[45,159204,109],{"class":59},[45,159206,159207],{"class":105},"slice_result",[45,159209,118],{"class":59},[45,159211,159212,159214,159216,159218],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,159213,125],{"class":124},[45,159215,109],{"class":59},[45,159217,251],{"class":105},[45,159219,118],{"class":59},[14,159221,268],{},[36,159223,159225],{"className":38,"code":159224,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,159226,159227,159239],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159228,159229,159231,159233,159235,159237],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159230,109],{"class":59},[45,159232,585],{"class":202},[45,159234,73],{"class":59},[45,159236,590],{"class":202},[45,159238,118],{"class":59},[45,159240,159241,159243,159245,159247,159249,159251,159253,159255,159257],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,159242,109],{"class":59},[45,159244,585],{"class":202},[45,159246,73],{"class":59},[45,159248,590],{"class":202},[45,159250,73],{"class":59},[45,159252,595],{"class":202},[45,159254,73],{"class":59},[45,159256,600],{"class":202},[45,159258,118],{"class":59},[14,159260,159261],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[31,159263,113565],{"id":113564},[14,159265,159266],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[157,159268,159269,159272,159275,159281,159284],{},[160,159270,159271],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[160,159273,159274],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[160,159276,159277,159278],{},"Using a zero step like ",[18,159279,159280],{},"tuple[::0]",[160,159282,159283],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[160,159285,159286],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159288,159289],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[36,159291,159293],{"className":38,"code":159292,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,159294,159295,159305,159323,159345],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159296,159297,159299,159301,159303],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159298,125],{"class":124},[45,159300,109],{"class":59},[45,159302,147845],{"class":105},[45,159304,118],{"class":59},[45,159306,159307,159309,159311,159313,159315,159317,159319,159321],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,159308,125],{"class":124},[45,159310,109],{"class":59},[45,159312,147845],{"class":105},[45,159314,278],{"class":59},[45,159316,203],{"class":202},[45,159318,1111],{"class":59},[45,159320,2498],{"class":202},[45,159322,3880],{"class":59},[45,159324,159325,159327,159329,159331,159333,159335,159337,159339,159341,159343],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159326,125],{"class":124},[45,159328,109],{"class":59},[45,159330,1811],{"class":315},[45,159332,109],{"class":59},[45,159334,147845],{"class":105},[45,159336,278],{"class":59},[45,159338,203],{"class":202},[45,159340,1111],{"class":59},[45,159342,2498],{"class":202},[45,159344,2992],{"class":59},[45,159346,159347,159349,159351,159353,159355,159357],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,159348,125],{"class":124},[45,159350,109],{"class":59},[45,159352,11150],{"class":124},[45,159354,109],{"class":59},[45,159356,147845],{"class":105},[45,159358,1802],{"class":59},[14,159360,11159],{},[157,159362,159363,159365,159368,159371],{},[160,159364,155059],{},[160,159366,159367],{},"what the slice actually returns",[160,159369,159370],{},"that the result is a tuple",[160,159372,159373],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[31,159375,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,159377,159379],{"id":159378},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159381,159382],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1864,159384,159386],{"id":159385},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159388,159389],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1864,159391,5133,159393,39942],{"id":159392},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[18,159394,158212],{},[14,159396,159397],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1864,159399,159401,159402,2485],{"id":159400},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[18,159403,70701],{},[14,159405,159406,159407,102],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[18,159408,70701],{},[31,159410,1909],{"id":1908},[157,159412,159413,159417,159421,159425,159429],{},[160,159414,159415],{},[364,159416,155919],{"href":150806},[160,159418,159419],{},[364,159420,149500],{"href":152926},[160,159422,159423],{},[364,159424,150749],{"href":157083},[160,159426,159427],{},[364,159428,147827],{"href":157445},[160,159430,159431],{},[364,159432,154672],{"href":158937},[1936,159434,159435],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":159437},[159438,159439,159440,159441,159449,159453,159454,159459,159460,159465,159466,159474],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":157245,"depth":96,"text":157246},{"id":157448,"depth":96,"text":157449},{"id":75853,"depth":96,"text":75854,"children":159442},[159443,159445,159446,159447,159448],{"id":157606,"depth":121,"text":159444},"Get the first n items",{"id":157685,"depth":121,"text":157686},{"id":157763,"depth":121,"text":157764},{"id":157845,"depth":121,"text":157846},{"id":157927,"depth":121,"text":157928},{"id":76147,"depth":96,"text":76148,"children":159450},[159451,159452],{"id":158022,"depth":121,"text":158023},{"id":158106,"depth":121,"text":158107},{"id":158195,"depth":96,"text":158196},{"id":158447,"depth":96,"text":158448,"children":159455},[159456,159457,159458],{"id":158456,"depth":121,"text":158457},{"id":158572,"depth":121,"text":158573},{"id":158680,"depth":121,"text":158681},{"id":158746,"depth":96,"text":158747},{"id":76980,"depth":96,"text":15163,"children":159461},[159462,159463,159464],{"id":158963,"depth":121,"text":158964},{"id":159048,"depth":121,"text":159049},{"id":159145,"depth":121,"text":159146},{"id":113564,"depth":96,"text":113565},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":159467},[159468,159469,159470,159472],{"id":159378,"depth":121,"text":159379},{"id":159385,"depth":121,"text":159386},{"id":159392,"depth":121,"text":159471},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159400,"depth":121,"text":159473},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157089,"description":159475},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159482,"title":159483,"body":159484,"description":161307,"extension":1958,"meta":161308,"navigation":241,"path":34789,"seo":161309,"stem":161310,"__hash__":161311},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159485,"toc":161273},[159486,159491,159496,159500,159518,159521,159536,159542,159544,159601,159603,159635,159647,159653,159658,159661,159696,159702,159704,159707,159721,159724,159726,159749,159751,159769,159772,159788,159790,159793,159906,159908,159997,160000,160005,160011,160014,160017,160116,160118,160177,160182,160185,160254,160258,160290,160306,160311,160318,160325,160337,160339,160388,160390,160413,160419,160467,160472,160479,160487,160493,160496,160520,160523,160525,160601,160603,160628,160634,160637,160642,160646,160660,160662,160725,160727,160759,160762,160778,160780,160786,160793,160795,160814,160816,160834,160841,160846,160853,160855,160892,160895,160902,160906,160909,160967,160970,160973,161028,161030,161042,161048,161050,161054,161087,161094,161096,161159,161162,161164,161169,161183,161190,161198,161207,161216,161222,161228,161230,161270],[10,159487,3569,159489,3573],{"id":159488},"python-type-function-explained",[18,159490,2297],{},[14,159492,32298,159493,159495],{},[18,159494,2297],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159497,62744,159498,104409],{},[18,159499,2297],{},[157,159501,159502,159505,159508,159511],{},[160,159503,159504],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[160,159506,159507],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[160,159509,159510],{},"debug confusing code",[160,159512,159513,159514],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[364,159515,159516],{"href":8205},[18,159517,2951],{},[14,159519,159520],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[36,159522,159524],{"className":38,"code":159523,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"type(object)\n",[18,159525,159526],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159527,159528,159530,159532,159534],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159529,1811],{"class":315},[45,159531,109],{"class":59},[45,159533,42380],{"class":315},[45,159535,118],{"class":59},[14,159537,159538,159539,159541],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[18,159540,2297],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[31,159543,3603],{"id":3602},[36,159545,159547],{"className":38,"code":159546,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,159548,159549,159561,159575,159579,159587],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159550,159551,159553,159555,159557,159559],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159552,7862],{"class":51},[45,159554,56],{"class":55},[45,159556,76],{"class":63},[45,159558,4995],{"class":67},[45,159560,1194],{"class":63},[45,159562,159563,159565,159567,159569,159571,159573],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,159564,125],{"class":124},[45,159566,109],{"class":59},[45,159568,1811],{"class":315},[45,159570,109],{"class":59},[45,159572,7656],{"class":105},[45,159574,1802],{"class":59},[45,159576,159577],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159578,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,159580,159581,159583,159585],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,159582,2213],{"class":51},[45,159584,56],{"class":55},[45,159586,2581],{"class":202},[45,159588,159589,159591,159593,159595,159597,159599],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,159590,125],{"class":124},[45,159592,109],{"class":59},[45,159594,1811],{"class":315},[45,159596,109],{"class":59},[45,159598,2235],{"class":105},[45,159600,1802],{"class":59},[14,159602,268],{},[36,159604,159605],{"className":38,"code":124912,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,159606,159607,159621],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159608,159609,159611,159613,159615,159617,159619],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159610,3284],{"class":55},[45,159612,3287],{"class":2059},[45,159614,438],{"class":63},[45,159616,3436],{"class":67},[45,159618,429],{"class":63},[45,159620,3296],{"class":55},[45,159622,159623,159625,159627,159629,159631,159633],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,159624,3284],{"class":55},[45,159626,3287],{"class":2059},[45,159628,438],{"class":63},[45,159630,2184],{"class":67},[45,159632,429],{"class":63},[45,159634,3296],{"class":55},[14,159636,141,159637,159640,159641,1301,159644,102],{},[18,159638,159639],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[18,159642,159643],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[18,159645,159646],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[31,159648,12983,159650,159652],{"id":159649},"what-the-type-function-does",[18,159651,2297],{}," function does",[14,159654,159655,159657],{},[18,159656,2297],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159659,159660],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[157,159662,159663,159668,159673,159678,159683,159688],{},[160,159664,159665,159667],{},[18,159666,3436],{}," for text",[160,159669,159670,159672],{},[18,159671,2184],{}," for whole numbers",[160,159674,159675,159677],{},[18,159676,2188],{}," for decimal numbers",[160,159679,159680,159682],{},[18,159681,316],{}," for lists",[160,159684,159685,159687],{},[18,159686,8806],{}," for dictionaries",[160,159689,159690,69066,159692,1301,159694],{},[18,159691,3861],{},[18,159693,3598],{},[18,159695,3667],{},[14,159697,159698,159699,159701],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[18,159700,2297],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[31,159703,2153],{"id":2152},[14,159705,159706],{},"The main beginner form is:",[36,159708,159709],{"className":38,"code":159523,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,159710,159711],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159712,159713,159715,159717,159719],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159714,1811],{"class":315},[45,159716,109],{"class":59},[45,159718,42380],{"class":315},[45,159720,118],{"class":59},[14,159722,159723],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159725,345],{},[36,159727,159729],{"className":38,"code":159728,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[18,159730,159731],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159732,159733,159735,159737,159739,159741,159743,159745,159747],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159734,125],{"class":124},[45,159736,109],{"class":59},[45,159738,1811],{"class":315},[45,159740,109],{"class":59},[45,159742,64],{"class":63},[45,159744,3839],{"class":67},[45,159746,64],{"class":63},[45,159748,1802],{"class":59},[14,159750,268],{},[36,159752,159753],{"className":38,"code":45752,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,159754,159755],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159756,159757,159759,159761,159763,159765,159767],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159758,3284],{"class":55},[45,159760,3287],{"class":2059},[45,159762,438],{"class":63},[45,159764,3436],{"class":67},[45,159766,429],{"class":63},[45,159768,3296],{"class":55},[14,159770,159771],{},"You can pass either:",[157,159773,159774,159781],{},[160,159775,159776,159777,1742,159779],{},"a literal value such as ",[18,159778,64512],{},[18,159780,46507],{},[160,159782,159783,159784,1742,159786],{},"a variable such as ",[18,159785,7656],{},[18,159787,9285],{},[31,159789,121724],{"id":121723},[14,159791,159792],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[36,159794,159796],{"className":38,"code":159795,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[18,159797,159798,159816,159830,159844,159866,159892],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159799,159800,159802,159804,159806,159808,159810,159812,159814],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159801,125],{"class":124},[45,159803,109],{"class":59},[45,159805,1811],{"class":315},[45,159807,109],{"class":59},[45,159809,64],{"class":63},[45,159811,3839],{"class":67},[45,159813,64],{"class":63},[45,159815,1802],{"class":59},[45,159817,159818,159820,159822,159824,159826,159828],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,159819,125],{"class":124},[45,159821,109],{"class":59},[45,159823,1811],{"class":315},[45,159825,109],{"class":59},[45,159827,585],{"class":202},[45,159829,1802],{"class":59},[45,159831,159832,159834,159836,159838,159840,159842],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159833,125],{"class":124},[45,159835,109],{"class":59},[45,159837,1811],{"class":315},[45,159839,109],{"class":59},[45,159841,40125],{"class":202},[45,159843,1802],{"class":59},[45,159845,159846,159848,159850,159852,159854,159856,159858,159860,159862,159864],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,159847,125],{"class":124},[45,159849,109],{"class":59},[45,159851,1811],{"class":315},[45,159853,2979],{"class":59},[45,159855,203],{"class":202},[45,159857,73],{"class":59},[45,159859,208],{"class":202},[45,159861,73],{"class":59},[45,159863,213],{"class":202},[45,159865,2992],{"class":59},[45,159867,159868,159870,159872,159874,159876,159878,159880,159882,159884,159886,159888,159890],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,159869,125],{"class":124},[45,159871,109],{"class":59},[45,159873,1811],{"class":315},[45,159875,5520],{"class":59},[45,159877,64],{"class":63},[45,159879,7656],{"class":67},[45,159881,64],{"class":63},[45,159883,1111],{"class":59},[45,159885,76],{"class":63},[45,159887,4995],{"class":67},[45,159889,64],{"class":63},[45,159891,5529],{"class":59},[45,159893,159894,159896,159898,159900,159902,159904],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,159895,125],{"class":124},[45,159897,109],{"class":59},[45,159899,1811],{"class":315},[45,159901,109],{"class":59},[45,159903,3598],{"class":291},[45,159905,1802],{"class":59},[14,159907,268],{},[36,159909,159911],{"className":38,"code":159910,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[18,159912,159913,159927,159941,159955,159969,159983],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159914,159915,159917,159919,159921,159923,159925],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159916,3284],{"class":55},[45,159918,3287],{"class":2059},[45,159920,438],{"class":63},[45,159922,3436],{"class":67},[45,159924,429],{"class":63},[45,159926,3296],{"class":55},[45,159928,159929,159931,159933,159935,159937,159939],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,159930,3284],{"class":55},[45,159932,3287],{"class":2059},[45,159934,438],{"class":63},[45,159936,2184],{"class":67},[45,159938,429],{"class":63},[45,159940,3296],{"class":55},[45,159942,159943,159945,159947,159949,159951,159953],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159944,3284],{"class":55},[45,159946,3287],{"class":2059},[45,159948,438],{"class":63},[45,159950,2188],{"class":67},[45,159952,429],{"class":63},[45,159954,3296],{"class":55},[45,159956,159957,159959,159961,159963,159965,159967],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,159958,3284],{"class":55},[45,159960,3287],{"class":2059},[45,159962,438],{"class":63},[45,159964,316],{"class":67},[45,159966,429],{"class":63},[45,159968,3296],{"class":55},[45,159970,159971,159973,159975,159977,159979,159981],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,159972,3284],{"class":55},[45,159974,3287],{"class":2059},[45,159976,438],{"class":63},[45,159978,8806],{"class":67},[45,159980,429],{"class":63},[45,159982,3296],{"class":55},[45,159984,159985,159987,159989,159991,159993,159995],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,159986,3284],{"class":55},[45,159988,3287],{"class":2059},[45,159990,438],{"class":63},[45,159992,3861],{"class":67},[45,159994,429],{"class":63},[45,159996,3296],{"class":55},[14,159998,159999],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,160001,160002,160003,102],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[364,160004,44779],{"href":48960},[31,160006,1736,160008,160010],{"id":160007},"using-type-with-variables",[18,160009,2297],{}," with variables",[14,160012,160013],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,160015,160016],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[36,160018,160020],{"className":38,"code":160019,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[18,160021,160022,160030,160048,160052,160064,160082,160086,160098],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160023,160024,160026,160028],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160025,1185],{"class":51},[45,160027,56],{"class":55},[45,160029,2581],{"class":202},[45,160031,160032,160034,160036,160038,160040,160042,160044,160046],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,160033,125],{"class":124},[45,160035,109],{"class":59},[45,160037,28],{"class":105},[45,160039,73],{"class":59},[45,160041,49372],{"class":315},[45,160043,109],{"class":59},[45,160045,28],{"class":105},[45,160047,1802],{"class":59},[45,160049,160050],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160051,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,160053,160054,160056,160058,160060,160062],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,160055,1185],{"class":51},[45,160057,56],{"class":55},[45,160059,76],{"class":63},[45,160061,45889],{"class":67},[45,160063,1194],{"class":63},[45,160065,160066,160068,160070,160072,160074,160076,160078,160080],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,160067,125],{"class":124},[45,160069,109],{"class":59},[45,160071,28],{"class":105},[45,160073,73],{"class":59},[45,160075,49372],{"class":315},[45,160077,109],{"class":59},[45,160079,28],{"class":105},[45,160081,1802],{"class":59},[45,160083,160084],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,160085,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,160087,160088,160090,160092,160094,160096],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,160089,1185],{"class":51},[45,160091,56],{"class":55},[45,160093,60],{"class":59},[45,160095,585],{"class":202},[45,160097,93],{"class":59},[45,160099,160100,160102,160104,160106,160108,160110,160112,160114],{"class":47,"line":6412},[45,160101,125],{"class":124},[45,160103,109],{"class":59},[45,160105,28],{"class":105},[45,160107,73],{"class":59},[45,160109,49372],{"class":315},[45,160111,109],{"class":59},[45,160113,28],{"class":105},[45,160115,1802],{"class":59},[14,160117,268],{},[36,160119,160121],{"className":38,"code":160120,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,160122,160123,160140,160157],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160124,160125,160127,160130,160132,160134,160136,160138],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160126,585],{"class":202},[45,160128,160129],{"class":55}," \u003C",[45,160131,3287],{"class":2059},[45,160133,438],{"class":63},[45,160135,2184],{"class":67},[45,160137,429],{"class":63},[45,160139,3296],{"class":55},[45,160141,160142,160145,160147,160149,160151,160153,160155],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,160143,160144],{"class":51},"ten ",[45,160146,3284],{"class":55},[45,160148,3287],{"class":2059},[45,160150,438],{"class":63},[45,160152,3436],{"class":67},[45,160154,429],{"class":63},[45,160156,3296],{"class":55},[45,160158,160159,160161,160163,160165,160167,160169,160171,160173,160175],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160160,278],{"class":59},[45,160162,585],{"class":202},[45,160164,13258],{"class":59},[45,160166,160129],{"class":55},[45,160168,3287],{"class":2059},[45,160170,438],{"class":63},[45,160172,316],{"class":67},[45,160174,429],{"class":63},[45,160176,3296],{"class":55},[14,160178,160179,160181],{},[18,160180,2297],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160183,160184],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[36,160186,160188],{"className":38,"code":160187,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,160189,160190,160208,160222,160226,160240],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160191,160192,160194,160196,160198,160200,160202,160204,160206],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160193,3384],{"class":51},[45,160195,56],{"class":55},[45,160197,8228],{"class":124},[45,160199,109],{"class":59},[45,160201,64],{"class":63},[45,160203,41852],{"class":67},[45,160205,64],{"class":63},[45,160207,118],{"class":59},[45,160209,160210,160212,160214,160216,160218,160220],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,160211,125],{"class":124},[45,160213,109],{"class":59},[45,160215,1811],{"class":315},[45,160217,109],{"class":59},[45,160219,3410],{"class":105},[45,160221,1802],{"class":59},[45,160223,160224],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160225,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,160227,160228,160230,160232,160234,160236,160238],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,160229,122836],{"class":51},[45,160231,56],{"class":55},[45,160233,45258],{"class":315},[45,160235,109],{"class":59},[45,160237,3410],{"class":105},[45,160239,118],{"class":59},[45,160241,160242,160244,160246,160248,160250,160252],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,160243,125],{"class":124},[45,160245,109],{"class":59},[45,160247,1811],{"class":315},[45,160249,109],{"class":59},[45,160251,122859],{"class":105},[45,160253,1802],{"class":59},[14,160255,41102,160256,41106],{},[18,160257,9179],{},[36,160259,160260],{"className":38,"code":124912,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,160261,160262,160276],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160263,160264,160266,160268,160270,160272,160274],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160265,3284],{"class":55},[45,160267,3287],{"class":2059},[45,160269,438],{"class":63},[45,160271,3436],{"class":67},[45,160273,429],{"class":63},[45,160275,3296],{"class":55},[45,160277,160278,160280,160282,160284,160286,160288],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,160279,3284],{"class":55},[45,160281,3287],{"class":2059},[45,160283,438],{"class":63},[45,160285,2184],{"class":67},[45,160287,429],{"class":63},[45,160289,3296],{"class":55},[14,160291,45685,160292,160296,160297,1742,160301,160305],{},[364,160293,160294],{"href":8205},[18,160295,2951],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[364,160298,160299],{"href":2868},[18,160300,2871],{},[364,160302,160303],{"href":2874},[18,160304,2877],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160307,160308,160309,102],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[364,160310,8966],{"href":8965},[31,160312,160314,10572,160316],{"id":160313},"type-vs-isinstance",[18,160315,2297],{},[18,160317,44787],{},[14,160319,160320,1301,160322,160324],{},[18,160321,2297],{},[18,160323,44787],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[157,160326,160327,160332],{},[160,160328,160329,160331],{},[18,160330,2297],{}," tells you the exact type",[160,160333,160334,160336],{},[18,160335,44787],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160338,345],{},[36,160340,160342],{"className":38,"code":160341,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,160343,160344,160352,160356,160370],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160345,160346,160348,160350],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160347,1185],{"class":51},[45,160349,56],{"class":55},[45,160351,34823],{"class":202},[45,160353,160354],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,160355,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,160357,160358,160360,160362,160364,160366,160368],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160359,125],{"class":124},[45,160361,109],{"class":59},[45,160363,1811],{"class":315},[45,160365,109],{"class":59},[45,160367,28],{"class":105},[45,160369,1802],{"class":59},[45,160371,160372,160374,160376,160378,160380,160382,160384,160386],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,160373,125],{"class":124},[45,160375,109],{"class":59},[45,160377,48857],{"class":124},[45,160379,109],{"class":59},[45,160381,28],{"class":105},[45,160383,73],{"class":59},[45,160385,45258],{"class":315},[45,160387,1802],{"class":59},[14,160389,268],{},[36,160391,160393],{"className":38,"code":160392,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[18,160394,160395,160409],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160396,160397,160399,160401,160403,160405,160407],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160398,3284],{"class":55},[45,160400,3287],{"class":2059},[45,160402,438],{"class":63},[45,160404,2184],{"class":67},[45,160406,429],{"class":63},[45,160408,3296],{"class":55},[45,160410,160411],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,160412,3971],{"class":291},[14,160414,160415,160416,160418],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[18,160417,44787],{}," is more practical.",[36,160420,160422],{"className":38,"code":160421,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[18,160423,160424,160432,160436,160452],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160425,160426,160428,160430],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160427,1185],{"class":51},[45,160429,56],{"class":55},[45,160431,34823],{"class":202},[45,160433,160434],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,160435,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,160437,160438,160440,160442,160444,160446,160448,160450],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160439,982],{"class":969},[45,160441,49595],{"class":124},[45,160443,109],{"class":59},[45,160445,28],{"class":105},[45,160447,73],{"class":59},[45,160449,45258],{"class":315},[45,160451,8327],{"class":59},[45,160453,160454,160456,160458,160460,160463,160465],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,160455,8055],{"class":124},[45,160457,109],{"class":59},[45,160459,64],{"class":63},[45,160461,160462],{"class":67},"This is an integer",[45,160464,64],{"class":63},[45,160466,118],{"class":59},[14,160468,141,160469,160471],{},[18,160470,2297],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160473,141,160474,160476,160477,7159],{},[18,160475,44787],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[18,160478,982],{},[14,160480,160481,160482,102],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[364,160483,3569,160485,3502],{"href":160484},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[18,160486,44787],{},[31,160488,160490,160491],{"id":160489},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[18,160492,2297],{},[14,160494,160495],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[36,160497,160499],{"className":38,"code":160498,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[18,160500,160501],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160502,160503,160505,160507,160509,160511,160514,160516,160518],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160504,1811],{"class":315},[45,160506,109],{"class":59},[45,160508,7656],{"class":105},[45,160510,73],{"class":59},[45,160512,160513],{"class":105}," bases",[45,160515,73],{"class":59},[45,160517,9156],{"class":315},[45,160519,118],{"class":59},[14,160521,160522],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160524,345],{},[36,160526,160528],{"className":38,"code":160527,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[18,160529,160530,160573,160577,160587],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160531,160532,160535,160537,160539,160541,160543,160546,160548,160550,160553,160555,160557,160560,160562,160564,160566,160569,160571],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160533,160534],{"class":51},"Person ",[45,160536,56],{"class":55},[45,160538,49372],{"class":315},[45,160540,109],{"class":59},[45,160542,64],{"class":63},[45,160544,160545],{"class":67},"Person",[45,160547,64],{"class":63},[45,160549,73],{"class":59},[45,160551,160552],{"class":59}," (),",[45,160554,10477],{"class":59},[45,160556,64],{"class":63},[45,160558,160559],{"class":67},"species",[45,160561,64],{"class":63},[45,160563,1111],{"class":59},[45,160565,76],{"class":63},[45,160567,160568],{"class":67},"human",[45,160570,64],{"class":63},[45,160572,30477],{"class":59},[45,160574,160575],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,160576,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,160578,160579,160581,160583,160585],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160580,125],{"class":124},[45,160582,109],{"class":59},[45,160584,160545],{"class":105},[45,160586,118],{"class":59},[45,160588,160589,160591,160593,160595,160597,160599],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,160590,125],{"class":124},[45,160592,109],{"class":59},[45,160594,160545],{"class":105},[45,160596,102],{"class":59},[45,160598,160559],{"class":1831},[45,160600,118],{"class":59},[14,160602,268],{},[36,160604,160606],{"className":38,"code":160605,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[18,160607,160608,160623],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160609,160610,160612,160614,160616,160619,160621],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160611,3284],{"class":55},[45,160613,3287],{"class":2059},[45,160615,438],{"class":63},[45,160617,160618],{"class":67},"__main__.Person",[45,160620,429],{"class":63},[45,160622,3296],{"class":55},[45,160624,160625],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,160626,160627],{"class":51},"human\n",[14,160629,160630,160631,160633],{},"Most beginners do ",[26,160632,178],{}," need this form.",[14,160635,160636],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[31,160638,4952,160640],{"id":160639},"when-to-use-type",[18,160641,2297],{},[14,160643,160644,12433],{},[18,160645,2297],{},[157,160647,160648,160651,160654,160657],{},[160,160649,160650],{},"debug unexpected values",[160,160652,160653],{},"check what a conversion produced",[160,160655,160656],{},"learn Python data types",[160,160658,160659],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160661,5462],{},[36,160663,160665],{"className":38,"code":160664,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,160666,160667,160679,160693,160697,160711],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160668,160669,160671,160673,160675,160677],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160670,34669],{"class":51},[45,160672,56],{"class":55},[45,160674,76],{"class":63},[45,160676,50228],{"class":67},[45,160678,1194],{"class":63},[45,160680,160681,160683,160685,160687,160689,160691],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,160682,2213],{"class":51},[45,160684,56],{"class":55},[45,160686,45258],{"class":315},[45,160688,109],{"class":59},[45,160690,34690],{"class":105},[45,160692,118],{"class":59},[45,160694,160695],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160696,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,160698,160699,160701,160703,160705,160707,160709],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,160700,125],{"class":124},[45,160702,109],{"class":59},[45,160704,1811],{"class":315},[45,160706,109],{"class":59},[45,160708,34690],{"class":105},[45,160710,1802],{"class":59},[45,160712,160713,160715,160717,160719,160721,160723],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,160714,125],{"class":124},[45,160716,109],{"class":59},[45,160718,1811],{"class":315},[45,160720,109],{"class":59},[45,160722,2235],{"class":105},[45,160724,1802],{"class":59},[14,160726,268],{},[36,160728,160729],{"className":38,"code":124912,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,160730,160731,160745],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160732,160733,160735,160737,160739,160741,160743],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160734,3284],{"class":55},[45,160736,3287],{"class":2059},[45,160738,438],{"class":63},[45,160740,3436],{"class":67},[45,160742,429],{"class":63},[45,160744,3296],{"class":55},[45,160746,160747,160749,160751,160753,160755,160757],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,160748,3284],{"class":55},[45,160750,3287],{"class":2059},[45,160752,438],{"class":63},[45,160754,2184],{"class":67},[45,160756,429],{"class":63},[45,160758,3296],{"class":55},[14,160760,160761],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160763,160764,160765,2185,160769,17058,160773,160777],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[364,160766,160767],{"href":42156},[18,160768,47665],{},[364,160770,160771],{"href":2868},[18,160772,2871],{},[364,160774,160775],{"href":2874},[18,160776,2877],{}," are often the next step.",[31,160779,25340],{"id":25339},[14,160781,160782,160783,160785],{},"A few things about ",[18,160784,2297],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1864,160787,160789,160792],{"id":160788},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[18,160790,160791],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,160794,64621],{},[36,160796,160798],{"className":38,"code":160797,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(5))\n",[18,160799,160800],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160801,160802,160804,160806,160808,160810,160812],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160803,125],{"class":124},[45,160805,109],{"class":59},[45,160807,1811],{"class":315},[45,160809,109],{"class":59},[45,160811,2131],{"class":202},[45,160813,1802],{"class":59},[14,160815,122755],{},[36,160817,160818],{"className":38,"code":156267,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,160819,160820],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160821,160822,160824,160826,160828,160830,160832],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160823,3284],{"class":55},[45,160825,3287],{"class":2059},[45,160827,438],{"class":63},[45,160829,2184],{"class":67},[45,160831,429],{"class":63},[45,160833,3296],{"class":55},[14,160835,40887,160836,160838,160839,102],{},[26,160837,178],{}," print just ",[18,160840,2184],{},[14,160842,6664,160843,160845],{},[18,160844,2297],{}," returns a class object.",[1864,160847,160849,1326,160851],{"id":160848},"input-returns-str",[18,160850,2951],{},[18,160852,3436],{},[14,160854,79380],{},[36,160856,160858],{"className":38,"code":160857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,160859,160860,160878],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160861,160862,160864,160866,160868,160870,160872,160874,160876],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160863,1185],{"class":51},[45,160865,56],{"class":55},[45,160867,8228],{"class":124},[45,160869,109],{"class":59},[45,160871,64],{"class":63},[45,160873,46291],{"class":67},[45,160875,64],{"class":63},[45,160877,118],{"class":59},[45,160879,160880,160882,160884,160886,160888,160890],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,160881,125],{"class":124},[45,160883,109],{"class":59},[45,160885,1811],{"class":315},[45,160887,109],{"class":59},[45,160889,28],{"class":105},[45,160891,1802],{"class":59},[14,160893,160894],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,160896,160897,160898,1742,160900,102],{},"If you need a number, use ",[18,160899,2871],{},[18,160901,2877],{},[1864,160903,160905],{"id":160904},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,160907,160908],{},"Avoid code like this:",[36,160910,160912],{"className":38,"code":160911,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[18,160913,160914,160922,160926,160952],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160915,160916,160918,160920],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160917,1185],{"class":51},[45,160919,56],{"class":55},[45,160921,34823],{"class":202},[45,160923,160924],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,160925,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,160927,160928,160930,160932,160934,160936,160938,160940,160942,160944,160946,160948,160950],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160929,982],{"class":969},[45,160931,48886],{"class":315},[45,160933,109],{"class":59},[45,160935,1811],{"class":315},[45,160937,109],{"class":59},[45,160939,28],{"class":105},[45,160941,5353],{"class":59},[45,160943,6395],{"class":55},[45,160945,76],{"class":63},[45,160947,159646],{"class":67},[45,160949,64],{"class":63},[45,160951,1213],{"class":59},[45,160953,160954,160956,160958,160960,160963,160965],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,160955,8055],{"class":124},[45,160957,109],{"class":59},[45,160959,64],{"class":63},[45,160961,160962],{"class":67},"It is an int",[45,160964,64],{"class":63},[45,160966,118],{"class":59},[14,160968,160969],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,160971,160972],{},"Better options:",[36,160974,160976],{"className":38,"code":160975,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,160977,160978,160986,160990,161010],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160979,160980,160982,160984],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160981,1185],{"class":51},[45,160983,56],{"class":55},[45,160985,34823],{"class":202},[45,160987,160988],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,160989,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,160991,160992,160994,160996,160998,161000,161002,161004,161006,161008],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160993,125],{"class":124},[45,160995,109],{"class":59},[45,160997,1811],{"class":315},[45,160999,109],{"class":59},[45,161001,28],{"class":105},[45,161003,3654],{"class":59},[45,161005,6395],{"class":55},[45,161007,45258],{"class":315},[45,161009,118],{"class":59},[45,161011,161012,161014,161016,161018,161020,161022,161024,161026],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,161013,125],{"class":124},[45,161015,109],{"class":59},[45,161017,48857],{"class":124},[45,161019,109],{"class":59},[45,161021,28],{"class":105},[45,161023,73],{"class":59},[45,161025,45258],{"class":315},[45,161027,1802],{"class":59},[14,161029,268],{},[36,161031,161032],{"className":38,"code":4495,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,161033,161034,161038],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161035,161036],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161037,3971],{"class":291},[45,161039,161040],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,161041,3971],{"class":291},[14,161043,161044,161045,161047],{},"In most real code, ",[18,161046,44787],{}," is the more useful check.",[31,161049,1709],{"id":1708},[14,161051,14719,161052,1111],{},[18,161053,2297],{},[157,161055,161056,161066,161075,161084],{},[160,161057,1736,161058,161060,161061,161065],{},[18,161059,2297],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[364,161062,161063],{"href":8205},[18,161064,2951],{}," always returns a string",[160,161067,1722,161068,161070,161071,11080,161073],{},[18,161069,2297],{}," to return plain text like ",[18,161072,2184],{},[18,161074,159646],{},[160,161076,1736,161077,1739,161080,161083],{},[18,161078,161079],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[18,161081,161082],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[160,161085,161086],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,161088,161089,161090,102],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[364,161091,161093],{"href":161092},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,161095,144421],{},[36,161097,161099],{"className":38,"code":161098,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[18,161100,161101,161115,161125,161139,161149],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161102,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111,161113],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161104,125],{"class":124},[45,161106,109],{"class":59},[45,161108,1811],{"class":315},[45,161110,109],{"class":59},[45,161112,28],{"class":105},[45,161114,1802],{"class":59},[45,161116,161117,161119,161121,161123],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,161118,125],{"class":124},[45,161120,109],{"class":59},[45,161122,28],{"class":105},[45,161124,118],{"class":59},[45,161126,161127,161129,161131,161133,161135,161137],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,161128,125],{"class":124},[45,161130,109],{"class":59},[45,161132,41760],{"class":124},[45,161134,109],{"class":59},[45,161136,28],{"class":105},[45,161138,1802],{"class":59},[45,161140,161141,161143,161145,161147],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,161142,1822],{"class":124},[45,161144,109],{"class":59},[45,161146,1811],{"class":315},[45,161148,118],{"class":59},[45,161150,161151,161153,161155,161157],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,161152,34353],{"class":124},[45,161154,109],{"class":59},[45,161156,28],{"class":105},[45,161158,118],{"class":59},[14,161160,161161],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[31,161163,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,161165,5133,161167,5136],{"id":161166},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[18,161168,2297],{},[14,161170,161171,161172,2185,161174,2185,161176,2189,161178,161180,161181,102],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[18,161173,3436],{},[18,161175,2184],{},[18,161177,316],{},[18,161179,8806],{},", shown as a class object like ",[18,161182,159643],{},[1864,161184,14889,161186,57183,161188,2485],{"id":161185},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[18,161187,2297],{},[18,161189,44787],{},[14,161191,46346,161192,161194,161195,161197],{},[18,161193,2297],{}," shows the exact type. ",[18,161196,44787],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1864,161199,5148,161201,161204,161205,2485],{"id":161200},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[18,161202,161203],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[18,161206,3436],{},[14,161208,29042,161209,161211,161212,1742,161214,160305],{},[18,161210,2951],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[18,161213,2871],{},[18,161215,2877],{},[1864,161217,5160,161219,161221],{"id":161218},"can-type-create-classes",[18,161220,2297],{}," create classes?",[14,161223,161224,161225,102],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[18,161226,161227],{},"type(object)",[31,161229,1909],{"id":1908},[157,161231,161232,161236,161242,161248,161252,161258,161264],{},[160,161233,161234],{},[364,161235,44779],{"href":48960},[160,161237,161238],{},[364,161239,3569,161240,3502],{"href":160484},[18,161241,44787],{},[160,161243,161244],{},[364,161245,3569,161246,3502],{"href":8205},[18,161247,2951],{},[160,161249,161250],{},[364,161251,9043],{"href":8965},[160,161253,161254],{},[364,161255,3569,161256,3502],{"href":2868},[18,161257,2871],{},[160,161259,161260],{},[364,161261,3569,161262,3502],{"href":2874},[18,161263,2877],{},[160,161265,161266],{},[364,161267,3569,161268,3502],{"href":42156},[18,161269,47665],{},[1936,161271,161272],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":161274},[161275,161276,161278,161279,161280,161282,161284,161286,161288,161295,161296,161306],{"id":3602,"depth":96,"text":3603},{"id":159649,"depth":96,"text":161277},"What the type() function does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":121723,"depth":96,"text":121724},{"id":160007,"depth":96,"text":161281},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160313,"depth":96,"text":161283},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160489,"depth":96,"text":161285},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160639,"depth":96,"text":161287},"When to use type()",{"id":25339,"depth":96,"text":25340,"children":161289},[161290,161292,161294],{"id":160788,"depth":121,"text":161291},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160848,"depth":121,"text":161293},"input() returns str",{"id":160904,"depth":121,"text":160905},{"id":1708,"depth":96,"text":1709},{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":161297},[161298,161300,161302,161304],{"id":161166,"depth":121,"text":161299},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161185,"depth":121,"text":161301},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161200,"depth":121,"text":161303},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161218,"depth":121,"text":161305},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159483,"description":161307},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161313,"title":161314,"body":161315,"description":163794,"extension":1958,"meta":163795,"navigation":241,"path":163796,"seo":163797,"stem":163798,"__hash__":163799},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161316,"toc":163751},[161317,161322,161327,161336,161338,161438,161440,161465,161470,161475,161491,161494,161496,161498,161523,161526,161529,161612,161614,161663,161666,161788,161790,161863,161867,161870,161984,161986,162012,162014,162035,162040,162044,162049,162052,162156,162158,162175,162184,162187,162274,162276,162287,162292,162298,162303,162309,162312,162405,162407,162456,162462,162465,162566,162568,162621,162626,162630,162633,162732,162734,162773,162776,162781,162783,162788,162792,162905,162909,163006,163010,163098,163100,163117,163121,163244,163250,163256,163262,163267,163270,163297,163301,163303,163397,163400,163404,163407,163494,163497,163532,163534,163571,163574,163582,163587,163592,163666,163673,163675,163680,163683,163689,163692,163698,163703,163709,163714,163718,163721,163723,163748],[10,161318,3569,161320,3573],{"id":161319},"python-zip-function-explained",[18,161321,64297],{},[14,161323,161324,161326],{},[18,161325,64297],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161328,161329,161330,161332,161333,161335],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[18,161331,64297],{}," inside a ",[18,161334,970],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[31,161337,34],{"id":33},[36,161339,161341],{"className":38,"code":161340,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,161342,161343,161375,161395,161399,161424],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161344,161345,161347,161349,161351,161353,161355,161357,161359,161361,161363,161365,161367,161369,161371,161373],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161346,4986],{"class":51},[45,161348,56],{"class":55},[45,161350,60],{"class":59},[45,161352,64],{"class":63},[45,161354,12867],{"class":67},[45,161356,64],{"class":63},[45,161358,73],{"class":59},[45,161360,76],{"class":63},[45,161362,35922],{"class":67},[45,161364,64],{"class":63},[45,161366,73],{"class":59},[45,161368,76],{"class":63},[45,161370,35931],{"class":67},[45,161372,64],{"class":63},[45,161374,93],{"class":59},[45,161376,161377,161379,161381,161383,161385,161387,161389,161391,161393],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,161378,578],{"class":51},[45,161380,56],{"class":55},[45,161382,60],{"class":59},[45,161384,13487],{"class":202},[45,161386,73],{"class":59},[45,161388,13492],{"class":202},[45,161390,73],{"class":59},[45,161392,28901],{"class":202},[45,161394,93],{"class":59},[45,161396,161397],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,161398,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,161400,161401,161403,161405,161407,161409,161411,161414,161416,161418,161420,161422],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,161402,970],{"class":969},[45,161404,35973],{"class":51},[45,161406,73],{"class":59},[45,161408,5096],{"class":51},[45,161410,976],{"class":969},[45,161412,161413],{"class":124}," zip",[45,161415,109],{"class":59},[45,161417,5030],{"class":105},[45,161419,73],{"class":59},[45,161421,5101],{"class":105},[45,161423,8327],{"class":59},[45,161425,161426,161428,161430,161432,161434,161436],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,161427,8055],{"class":124},[45,161429,109],{"class":59},[45,161431,7656],{"class":105},[45,161433,73],{"class":59},[45,161435,130701],{"class":105},[45,161437,118],{"class":59},[14,161439,268],{},[36,161441,161443],{"className":38,"code":161442,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[18,161444,161445,161451,161458],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161446,161447,161449],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161448,133720],{"class":51},[45,161450,33117],{"class":202},[45,161452,161453,161456],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,161454,161455],{"class":51},"Ben ",[45,161457,33122],{"class":202},[45,161459,161460,161463],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,161461,161462],{"class":51},"Cara ",[45,161464,33127],{"class":202},[14,161466,141,161467,161469],{},[18,161468,64297],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[31,161471,3671,161473,3674],{"id":161472},"what-zip-does",[18,161474,64297],{},[157,161476,161477,161482,161485,161488],{},[160,161478,161479,161481],{},[18,161480,64297],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[160,161483,161484],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[160,161486,161487],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[160,161489,161490],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161492,161493],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[31,161495,2153],{"id":2152},[14,161497,7205],{},[36,161499,161501],{"className":38,"code":161500,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[18,161502,161503],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161504,161505,161507,161509,161512,161514,161517,161519,161521],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161506,64367],{"class":124},[45,161508,109],{"class":59},[45,161510,161511],{"class":105},"iterable1",[45,161513,73],{"class":59},[45,161515,161516],{"class":105}," iterable2",[45,161518,73],{"class":59},[45,161520,34435],{"class":124},[45,161522,118],{"class":59},[14,161524,161525],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161527,161528],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[36,161530,161532],{"className":38,"code":161531,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[18,161533,161534,161554,161586,161590],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161535,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161546,161548,161550,161552],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161537,195],{"class":51},[45,161539,56],{"class":55},[45,161541,60],{"class":59},[45,161543,203],{"class":202},[45,161545,73],{"class":59},[45,161547,208],{"class":202},[45,161549,73],{"class":59},[45,161551,213],{"class":202},[45,161553,93],{"class":59},[45,161555,161556,161558,161560,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,161557,355],{"class":51},[45,161559,56],{"class":55},[45,161561,60],{"class":59},[45,161563,64],{"class":63},[45,161565,364],{"class":67},[45,161567,64],{"class":63},[45,161569,73],{"class":59},[45,161571,76],{"class":63},[45,161573,373],{"class":67},[45,161575,64],{"class":63},[45,161577,73],{"class":59},[45,161579,76],{"class":63},[45,161581,382],{"class":67},[45,161583,64],{"class":63},[45,161585,93],{"class":59},[45,161587,161588],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,161589,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,161591,161592,161594,161596,161598,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,161593,125],{"class":124},[45,161595,109],{"class":59},[45,161597,316],{"class":315},[45,161599,109],{"class":59},[45,161601,64367],{"class":124},[45,161603,109],{"class":59},[45,161605,251],{"class":105},[45,161607,73],{"class":59},[45,161609,70067],{"class":105},[45,161611,2905],{"class":59},[14,161613,268],{},[36,161615,161617],{"className":38,"code":161616,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[18,161618,161619],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161620,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161622,21724],{"class":59},[45,161624,203],{"class":202},[45,161626,73],{"class":59},[45,161628,438],{"class":63},[45,161630,364],{"class":67},[45,161632,429],{"class":63},[45,161634,9219],{"class":59},[45,161636,9222],{"class":59},[45,161638,234],{"class":202},[45,161640,73],{"class":59},[45,161642,438],{"class":63},[45,161644,373],{"class":67},[45,161646,429],{"class":63},[45,161648,9219],{"class":59},[45,161650,9222],{"class":59},[45,161652,2056],{"class":202},[45,161654,73],{"class":59},[45,161656,438],{"class":63},[45,161658,382],{"class":67},[45,161660,429],{"class":63},[45,161662,9235],{"class":59},[14,161664,161665],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[36,161667,161669],{"className":38,"code":161668,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[18,161670,161671,161703,161723,161757,161761],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161672,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161674,4986],{"class":51},[45,161676,56],{"class":55},[45,161678,60],{"class":59},[45,161680,64],{"class":63},[45,161682,12867],{"class":67},[45,161684,64],{"class":63},[45,161686,73],{"class":59},[45,161688,76],{"class":63},[45,161690,35922],{"class":67},[45,161692,64],{"class":63},[45,161694,73],{"class":59},[45,161696,76],{"class":63},[45,161698,35931],{"class":67},[45,161700,64],{"class":63},[45,161702,93],{"class":59},[45,161704,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,161706,578],{"class":51},[45,161708,56],{"class":55},[45,161710,60],{"class":59},[45,161712,13487],{"class":202},[45,161714,73],{"class":59},[45,161716,13492],{"class":202},[45,161718,73],{"class":59},[45,161720,28901],{"class":202},[45,161722,93],{"class":59},[45,161724,161725,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750,161753,161755],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,161726,161727],{"class":51},"grades ",[45,161729,56],{"class":55},[45,161731,60],{"class":59},[45,161733,64],{"class":63},[45,161735,22229],{"class":67},[45,161737,64],{"class":63},[45,161739,73],{"class":59},[45,161741,76],{"class":63},[45,161743,30581],{"class":67},[45,161745,64],{"class":63},[45,161747,73],{"class":59},[45,161749,76],{"class":63},[45,161751,161752],{"class":67},"B+",[45,161754,64],{"class":63},[45,161756,93],{"class":59},[45,161758,161759],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,161760,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,161762,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161786],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,161764,125],{"class":124},[45,161766,109],{"class":59},[45,161768,316],{"class":315},[45,161770,109],{"class":59},[45,161772,64367],{"class":124},[45,161774,109],{"class":59},[45,161776,5030],{"class":105},[45,161778,73],{"class":59},[45,161780,5101],{"class":105},[45,161782,73],{"class":59},[45,161784,161785],{"class":105}," grades",[45,161787,2905],{"class":59},[14,161789,268],{},[36,161791,161793],{"className":38,"code":161792,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[18,161794,161795],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161796,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847,161849,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859,161861],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161798,21724],{"class":59},[45,161800,429],{"class":63},[45,161802,12867],{"class":67},[45,161804,429],{"class":63},[45,161806,73],{"class":59},[45,161808,19884],{"class":202},[45,161810,73],{"class":59},[45,161812,438],{"class":63},[45,161814,22229],{"class":67},[45,161816,429],{"class":63},[45,161818,9219],{"class":59},[45,161820,9222],{"class":59},[45,161822,429],{"class":63},[45,161824,35922],{"class":67},[45,161826,429],{"class":63},[45,161828,73],{"class":59},[45,161830,13492],{"class":202},[45,161832,73],{"class":59},[45,161834,438],{"class":63},[45,161836,30581],{"class":67},[45,161838,429],{"class":63},[45,161840,9219],{"class":59},[45,161842,9222],{"class":59},[45,161844,429],{"class":63},[45,161846,35931],{"class":67},[45,161848,429],{"class":63},[45,161850,73],{"class":59},[45,161852,28901],{"class":202},[45,161854,73],{"class":59},[45,161856,438],{"class":63},[45,161858,161752],{"class":67},[45,161860,429],{"class":63},[45,161862,9235],{"class":59},[31,161864,161866],{"id":161865},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,161868,161869],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[36,161871,161873],{"className":38,"code":161872,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[18,161874,161875,161907,161927,161931,161955],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161876,161877,161879,161881,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161878,4986],{"class":51},[45,161880,56],{"class":55},[45,161882,60],{"class":59},[45,161884,64],{"class":63},[45,161886,12867],{"class":67},[45,161888,64],{"class":63},[45,161890,73],{"class":59},[45,161892,76],{"class":63},[45,161894,35922],{"class":67},[45,161896,64],{"class":63},[45,161898,73],{"class":59},[45,161900,76],{"class":63},[45,161902,35931],{"class":67},[45,161904,64],{"class":63},[45,161906,93],{"class":59},[45,161908,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923,161925],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,161910,578],{"class":51},[45,161912,56],{"class":55},[45,161914,60],{"class":59},[45,161916,13487],{"class":202},[45,161918,73],{"class":59},[45,161920,13492],{"class":202},[45,161922,73],{"class":59},[45,161924,28901],{"class":202},[45,161926,93],{"class":59},[45,161928,161929],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,161930,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,161932,161933,161935,161937,161939,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,161934,970],{"class":969},[45,161936,35973],{"class":51},[45,161938,73],{"class":59},[45,161940,5096],{"class":51},[45,161942,976],{"class":969},[45,161944,161413],{"class":124},[45,161946,109],{"class":59},[45,161948,5030],{"class":105},[45,161950,73],{"class":59},[45,161952,5101],{"class":105},[45,161954,8327],{"class":59},[45,161956,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,161958,8055],{"class":124},[45,161960,109],{"class":59},[45,161962,22278],{"class":2059},[45,161964,64],{"class":67},[45,161966,9264],{"class":202},[45,161968,7656],{"class":105},[45,161970,22287],{"class":202},[45,161972,161973],{"class":67}," scored ",[45,161975,9264],{"class":202},[45,161977,85358],{"class":105},[45,161979,22287],{"class":202},[45,161981,64],{"class":67},[45,161983,118],{"class":59},[14,161985,268],{},[36,161987,161989],{"className":38,"code":161988,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[18,161990,161991,161998,162005],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161992,161993,161996],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161994,161995],{"class":51},"Ana scored ",[45,161997,33117],{"class":202},[45,161999,162000,162003],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,162001,162002],{"class":51},"Ben scored ",[45,162004,33122],{"class":202},[45,162006,162007,162010],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162008,162009],{"class":51},"Cara scored ",[45,162011,33127],{"class":202},[14,162013,44912],{},[157,162015,162016,162025,162028],{},[160,162017,162018,162021,162022],{},[18,162019,162020],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[18,162023,162024],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[160,162026,162027],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[160,162029,162030,1301,162032,162034],{},[18,162031,7656],{},[18,162033,85358],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,162036,162037,162038,102],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[364,162039,69584],{"href":69583},[31,162041,162043],{"id":162042},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,162045,162046,162048],{},[18,162047,64297],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162050,162051],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[36,162053,162055],{"className":38,"code":162054,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,162056,162057,162098,162114,162118,162142],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162058,162059,162061,162063,162065,162067,162069,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162094,162096],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162060,4986],{"class":51},[45,162062,56],{"class":55},[45,162064,60],{"class":59},[45,162066,64],{"class":63},[45,162068,12867],{"class":67},[45,162070,64],{"class":63},[45,162072,73],{"class":59},[45,162074,76],{"class":63},[45,162076,35922],{"class":67},[45,162078,64],{"class":63},[45,162080,73],{"class":59},[45,162082,76],{"class":63},[45,162084,35931],{"class":67},[45,162086,64],{"class":63},[45,162088,73],{"class":59},[45,162090,76],{"class":63},[45,162092,162093],{"class":67},"Dan",[45,162095,64],{"class":63},[45,162097,93],{"class":59},[45,162099,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,162101,578],{"class":51},[45,162103,56],{"class":55},[45,162105,60],{"class":59},[45,162107,13487],{"class":202},[45,162109,73],{"class":59},[45,162111,13492],{"class":202},[45,162113,93],{"class":59},[45,162115,162116],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162117,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,162119,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,162121,970],{"class":969},[45,162123,35973],{"class":51},[45,162125,73],{"class":59},[45,162127,5096],{"class":51},[45,162129,976],{"class":969},[45,162131,161413],{"class":124},[45,162133,109],{"class":59},[45,162135,5030],{"class":105},[45,162137,73],{"class":59},[45,162139,5101],{"class":105},[45,162141,8327],{"class":59},[45,162143,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,162145,8055],{"class":124},[45,162147,109],{"class":59},[45,162149,7656],{"class":105},[45,162151,73],{"class":59},[45,162153,130701],{"class":105},[45,162155,118],{"class":59},[14,162157,268],{},[36,162159,162161],{"className":38,"code":162160,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[18,162162,162163,162169],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162164,162165,162167],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162166,133720],{"class":51},[45,162168,33117],{"class":202},[45,162170,162171,162173],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,162172,161455],{"class":51},[45,162174,33122],{"class":202},[14,162176,2281,162177,1301,162180,162183],{},[18,162178,162179],{},"\"Cara\"",[18,162181,162182],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162185,162186],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[36,162188,162190],{"className":38,"code":162189,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[18,162191,162192,162232,162248,162252],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162193,162194,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162195,4986],{"class":51},[45,162197,56],{"class":55},[45,162199,60],{"class":59},[45,162201,64],{"class":63},[45,162203,12867],{"class":67},[45,162205,64],{"class":63},[45,162207,73],{"class":59},[45,162209,76],{"class":63},[45,162211,35922],{"class":67},[45,162213,64],{"class":63},[45,162215,73],{"class":59},[45,162217,76],{"class":63},[45,162219,35931],{"class":67},[45,162221,64],{"class":63},[45,162223,73],{"class":59},[45,162225,76],{"class":63},[45,162227,162093],{"class":67},[45,162229,64],{"class":63},[45,162231,93],{"class":59},[45,162233,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,162235,578],{"class":51},[45,162237,56],{"class":55},[45,162239,60],{"class":59},[45,162241,13487],{"class":202},[45,162243,73],{"class":59},[45,162245,13492],{"class":202},[45,162247,93],{"class":59},[45,162249,162250],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162251,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,162253,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,162255,125],{"class":124},[45,162257,109],{"class":59},[45,162259,11150],{"class":124},[45,162261,109],{"class":59},[45,162263,5030],{"class":105},[45,162265,9219],{"class":59},[45,162267,38367],{"class":124},[45,162269,109],{"class":59},[45,162271,607],{"class":105},[45,162273,1802],{"class":59},[14,162275,268],{},[36,162277,162279],{"className":38,"code":162278,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"4 2\n",[18,162280,162281],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162282,162283,162285],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162284,2498],{"class":202},[45,162286,45571],{"class":202},[14,162288,162289,162290,102],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[18,162291,64297],{},[31,162293,91949,162295,162297],{"id":162294},"converting-zip-output",[18,162296,64297],{}," output",[14,162299,29042,162300,162302],{},[18,162301,64297],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1864,162304,141,162306],{"id":162305},"use-listzip",[18,162307,162308],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162310,162311],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[36,162313,162315],{"className":38,"code":162314,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,162316,162317,162349,162369,162373,162395],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162318,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162320,4986],{"class":51},[45,162322,56],{"class":55},[45,162324,60],{"class":59},[45,162326,64],{"class":63},[45,162328,12867],{"class":67},[45,162330,64],{"class":63},[45,162332,73],{"class":59},[45,162334,76],{"class":63},[45,162336,35922],{"class":67},[45,162338,64],{"class":63},[45,162340,73],{"class":59},[45,162342,76],{"class":63},[45,162344,35931],{"class":67},[45,162346,64],{"class":63},[45,162348,93],{"class":59},[45,162350,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,162352,578],{"class":51},[45,162354,56],{"class":55},[45,162356,60],{"class":59},[45,162358,13487],{"class":202},[45,162360,73],{"class":59},[45,162362,13492],{"class":202},[45,162364,73],{"class":59},[45,162366,28901],{"class":202},[45,162368,93],{"class":59},[45,162370,162371],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162372,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,162374,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,162376,9201],{"class":51},[45,162378,56],{"class":55},[45,162380,1114],{"class":315},[45,162382,109],{"class":59},[45,162384,64367],{"class":124},[45,162386,109],{"class":59},[45,162388,5030],{"class":105},[45,162390,73],{"class":59},[45,162392,5101],{"class":105},[45,162394,1802],{"class":59},[45,162396,162397,162399,162401,162403],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,162398,125],{"class":124},[45,162400,109],{"class":59},[45,162402,9248],{"class":105},[45,162404,118],{"class":59},[14,162406,268],{},[36,162408,162410],{"className":38,"code":162409,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[18,162411,162412],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162413,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444,162446,162448,162450,162452,162454],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162415,21724],{"class":59},[45,162417,429],{"class":63},[45,162419,12867],{"class":67},[45,162421,429],{"class":63},[45,162423,73],{"class":59},[45,162425,19884],{"class":202},[45,162427,9219],{"class":59},[45,162429,9222],{"class":59},[45,162431,429],{"class":63},[45,162433,35922],{"class":67},[45,162435,429],{"class":63},[45,162437,73],{"class":59},[45,162439,13492],{"class":202},[45,162441,9219],{"class":59},[45,162443,9222],{"class":59},[45,162445,429],{"class":63},[45,162447,35931],{"class":67},[45,162449,429],{"class":63},[45,162451,73],{"class":59},[45,162453,28901],{"class":202},[45,162455,9235],{"class":59},[1864,162457,141,162459],{"id":162458},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[18,162460,162461],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162463,162464],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[36,162466,162468],{"className":38,"code":162467,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[18,162469,162470,162502,162530,162534,162556],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162471,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488,162490,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162473,17228],{"class":51},[45,162475,56],{"class":55},[45,162477,60],{"class":59},[45,162479,64],{"class":63},[45,162481,7656],{"class":67},[45,162483,64],{"class":63},[45,162485,73],{"class":59},[45,162487,76],{"class":63},[45,162489,9285],{"class":67},[45,162491,64],{"class":63},[45,162493,73],{"class":59},[45,162495,76],{"class":63},[45,162497,10395],{"class":67},[45,162499,64],{"class":63},[45,162501,93],{"class":59},[45,162503,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,162505,3816],{"class":51},[45,162507,56],{"class":55},[45,162509,60],{"class":59},[45,162511,64],{"class":63},[45,162513,12867],{"class":67},[45,162515,64],{"class":63},[45,162517,73],{"class":59},[45,162519,9292],{"class":202},[45,162521,73],{"class":59},[45,162523,76],{"class":63},[45,162525,16018],{"class":67},[45,162527,64],{"class":63},[45,162529,93],{"class":59},[45,162531,162532],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162533,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,162535,162536,162538,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,162537,13189],{"class":51},[45,162539,56],{"class":55},[45,162541,9156],{"class":315},[45,162543,109],{"class":59},[45,162545,64367],{"class":124},[45,162547,109],{"class":59},[45,162549,16909],{"class":105},[45,162551,73],{"class":59},[45,162553,3877],{"class":105},[45,162555,1802],{"class":59},[45,162557,162558,162560,162562,162564],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,162559,125],{"class":124},[45,162561,109],{"class":59},[45,162563,17293],{"class":105},[45,162565,118],{"class":59},[14,162567,268],{},[36,162569,162571],{"className":38,"code":162570,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,162572,162573],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162574,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617,162619],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162576,9264],{"class":59},[45,162578,429],{"class":63},[45,162580,7656],{"class":67},[45,162582,429],{"class":63},[45,162584,1111],{"class":59},[45,162586,438],{"class":63},[45,162588,12867],{"class":67},[45,162590,429],{"class":63},[45,162592,73],{"class":59},[45,162594,438],{"class":63},[45,162596,9285],{"class":67},[45,162598,429],{"class":63},[45,162600,1111],{"class":59},[45,162602,9292],{"class":202},[45,162604,73],{"class":59},[45,162606,438],{"class":63},[45,162608,10395],{"class":67},[45,162610,429],{"class":63},[45,162612,1111],{"class":59},[45,162614,438],{"class":63},[45,162616,16018],{"class":67},[45,162618,429],{"class":63},[45,162620,9295],{"class":59},[14,162622,162623,162624,102],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[364,162625,31068],{"href":31067},[1864,162627,162629],{"id":162628},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162631,162632],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[36,162634,162636],{"className":38,"code":162635,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,162637,162638,162662,162678,162682,162700,162704,162718],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162639,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162641,4986],{"class":51},[45,162643,56],{"class":55},[45,162645,60],{"class":59},[45,162647,64],{"class":63},[45,162649,12867],{"class":67},[45,162651,64],{"class":63},[45,162653,73],{"class":59},[45,162655,76],{"class":63},[45,162657,35922],{"class":67},[45,162659,64],{"class":63},[45,162661,93],{"class":59},[45,162663,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,162665,578],{"class":51},[45,162667,56],{"class":55},[45,162669,60],{"class":59},[45,162671,13487],{"class":202},[45,162673,73],{"class":59},[45,162675,13492],{"class":202},[45,162677,93],{"class":59},[45,162679,162680],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162681,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,162683,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,162685,9201],{"class":51},[45,162687,56],{"class":55},[45,162689,161413],{"class":124},[45,162691,109],{"class":59},[45,162693,5030],{"class":105},[45,162695,73],{"class":59},[45,162697,5101],{"class":105},[45,162699,118],{"class":59},[45,162701,162702],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,162703,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,162705,162706,162708,162710,162712,162714,162716],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,162707,125],{"class":124},[45,162709,109],{"class":59},[45,162711,316],{"class":315},[45,162713,109],{"class":59},[45,162715,9248],{"class":105},[45,162717,1802],{"class":59},[45,162719,162720,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,162721,125],{"class":124},[45,162723,109],{"class":59},[45,162725,316],{"class":315},[45,162727,109],{"class":59},[45,162729,9248],{"class":105},[45,162731,1802],{"class":59},[14,162733,268],{},[36,162735,162737],{"className":38,"code":162736,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[18,162738,162739,162769],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162740,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162742,21724],{"class":59},[45,162744,429],{"class":63},[45,162746,12867],{"class":67},[45,162748,429],{"class":63},[45,162750,73],{"class":59},[45,162752,19884],{"class":202},[45,162754,9219],{"class":59},[45,162756,9222],{"class":59},[45,162758,429],{"class":63},[45,162760,35922],{"class":67},[45,162762,429],{"class":63},[45,162764,73],{"class":59},[45,162766,13492],{"class":202},[45,162768,9235],{"class":59},[45,162770,162771],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,162772,38278],{"class":59},[14,162774,162775],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162777,162778,162779,102],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[364,162780,5127],{"href":5577},[31,162782,41027],{"id":41026},[14,162784,162785,162786,102],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[18,162787,64297],{},[1864,162789,162791],{"id":162790},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[36,162793,162795],{"className":38,"code":162794,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[18,162796,162797,162829,162849,162853,162877],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162798,162799,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817,162819,162821,162823,162825,162827],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162800,4986],{"class":51},[45,162802,56],{"class":55},[45,162804,60],{"class":59},[45,162806,64],{"class":63},[45,162808,12867],{"class":67},[45,162810,64],{"class":63},[45,162812,73],{"class":59},[45,162814,76],{"class":63},[45,162816,35922],{"class":67},[45,162818,64],{"class":63},[45,162820,73],{"class":59},[45,162822,76],{"class":63},[45,162824,35931],{"class":67},[45,162826,64],{"class":63},[45,162828,93],{"class":59},[45,162830,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,162832,578],{"class":51},[45,162834,56],{"class":55},[45,162836,60],{"class":59},[45,162838,13487],{"class":202},[45,162840,73],{"class":59},[45,162842,13492],{"class":202},[45,162844,73],{"class":59},[45,162846,28901],{"class":202},[45,162848,93],{"class":59},[45,162850,162851],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162852,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,162854,162855,162857,162859,162861,162863,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873,162875],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,162856,970],{"class":969},[45,162858,35973],{"class":51},[45,162860,73],{"class":59},[45,162862,5096],{"class":51},[45,162864,976],{"class":969},[45,162866,161413],{"class":124},[45,162868,109],{"class":59},[45,162870,5030],{"class":105},[45,162872,73],{"class":59},[45,162874,5101],{"class":105},[45,162876,8327],{"class":59},[45,162878,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,162880,8055],{"class":124},[45,162882,109],{"class":59},[45,162884,22278],{"class":2059},[45,162886,64],{"class":67},[45,162888,9264],{"class":202},[45,162890,7656],{"class":105},[45,162892,22287],{"class":202},[45,162894,22290],{"class":67},[45,162896,9264],{"class":202},[45,162898,85358],{"class":105},[45,162900,22287],{"class":202},[45,162902,64],{"class":67},[45,162904,118],{"class":59},[1864,162906,162908],{"id":162907},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[36,162910,162912],{"className":38,"code":162911,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[18,162913,162914,162946,162970,162974,162996],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162915,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938,162940,162942,162944],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162917,17228],{"class":51},[45,162919,56],{"class":55},[45,162921,60],{"class":59},[45,162923,64],{"class":63},[45,162925,12637],{"class":67},[45,162927,64],{"class":63},[45,162929,73],{"class":59},[45,162931,76],{"class":63},[45,162933,7656],{"class":67},[45,162935,64],{"class":63},[45,162937,73],{"class":59},[45,162939,76],{"class":63},[45,162941,15808],{"class":67},[45,162943,64],{"class":63},[45,162945,93],{"class":59},[45,162947,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958,162960,162962,162964,162966,162968],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,162949,3816],{"class":51},[45,162951,56],{"class":55},[45,162953,60],{"class":59},[45,162955,46573],{"class":202},[45,162957,73],{"class":59},[45,162959,76],{"class":63},[45,162961,12867],{"class":67},[45,162963,64],{"class":63},[45,162965,73],{"class":59},[45,162967,3907],{"class":291},[45,162969,93],{"class":59},[45,162971,162972],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162973,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,162975,162976,162978,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990,162992,162994],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,162977,9151],{"class":51},[45,162979,56],{"class":55},[45,162981,9156],{"class":315},[45,162983,109],{"class":59},[45,162985,64367],{"class":124},[45,162987,109],{"class":59},[45,162989,16909],{"class":105},[45,162991,73],{"class":59},[45,162993,3877],{"class":105},[45,162995,1802],{"class":59},[45,162997,162998,163000,163002,163004],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,162999,125],{"class":124},[45,163001,109],{"class":59},[45,163003,9190],{"class":105},[45,163005,118],{"class":59},[1864,163007,163009],{"id":163008},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[36,163011,163013],{"className":38,"code":163012,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[18,163014,163015,163035,163055,163059,163084],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163016,163017,163019,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163018,80496],{"class":51},[45,163020,56],{"class":55},[45,163022,60],{"class":59},[45,163024,585],{"class":202},[45,163026,73],{"class":59},[45,163028,590],{"class":202},[45,163030,73],{"class":59},[45,163032,595],{"class":202},[45,163034,93],{"class":59},[45,163036,163037,163039,163041,163043,163045,163047,163049,163051,163053],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,163038,80517],{"class":51},[45,163040,56],{"class":55},[45,163042,60],{"class":59},[45,163044,585],{"class":202},[45,163046,73],{"class":59},[45,163048,9292],{"class":202},[45,163050,73],{"class":59},[45,163052,595],{"class":202},[45,163054,93],{"class":59},[45,163056,163057],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163058,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,163060,163061,163063,163065,163067,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,163062,970],{"class":969},[45,163064,56865],{"class":51},[45,163066,73],{"class":59},[45,163068,163069],{"class":51}," b ",[45,163071,976],{"class":969},[45,163073,161413],{"class":124},[45,163075,109],{"class":59},[45,163077,111588],{"class":105},[45,163079,73],{"class":59},[45,163081,80560],{"class":105},[45,163083,8327],{"class":59},[45,163085,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094,163096],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,163087,8055],{"class":124},[45,163089,109],{"class":59},[45,163091,2548],{"class":105},[45,163093,4679],{"class":55},[45,163095,2553],{"class":105},[45,163097,118],{"class":59},[14,163099,268],{},[36,163101,163103],{"className":38,"code":163102,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,163104,163105,163109,163113],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163106,163107],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163108,3971],{"class":291},[45,163110,163111],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,163112,4032],{"class":291},[45,163114,163115],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163116,3971],{"class":291},[1864,163118,163120],{"id":163119},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[36,163122,163124],{"className":38,"code":163123,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[18,163125,163126,163161,163184,163188,163215],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163127,163128,163131,163133,163135,163137,163139,163141,163143,163145,163148,163150,163152,163154,163157,163159],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163129,163130],{"class":51},"products ",[45,163132,56],{"class":55},[45,163134,60],{"class":59},[45,163136,64],{"class":63},[45,163138,25123],{"class":67},[45,163140,64],{"class":63},[45,163142,73],{"class":59},[45,163144,76],{"class":63},[45,163146,163147],{"class":67},"Pen",[45,163149,64],{"class":63},[45,163151,73],{"class":59},[45,163153,76],{"class":63},[45,163155,163156],{"class":67},"Bag",[45,163158,64],{"class":63},[45,163160,93],{"class":59},[45,163162,163163,163165,163167,163169,163172,163174,163177,163179,163182],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,163164,82886],{"class":51},[45,163166,56],{"class":55},[45,163168,60],{"class":59},[45,163170,163171],{"class":202},"12.5",[45,163173,73],{"class":59},[45,163175,163176],{"class":202}," 1.2",[45,163178,73],{"class":59},[45,163180,163181],{"class":202}," 25.0",[45,163183,93],{"class":59},[45,163185,163186],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163187,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,163189,163190,163192,163194,163196,163199,163201,163203,163205,163208,163210,163213],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,163191,970],{"class":969},[45,163193,25184],{"class":51},[45,163195,73],{"class":59},[45,163197,163198],{"class":51}," price ",[45,163200,976],{"class":969},[45,163202,161413],{"class":124},[45,163204,109],{"class":59},[45,163206,163207],{"class":105},"products",[45,163209,73],{"class":59},[45,163211,163212],{"class":105}," prices",[45,163214,8327],{"class":59},[45,163216,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229,163231,163234,163236,163238,163240,163242],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,163218,8055],{"class":124},[45,163220,109],{"class":59},[45,163222,22278],{"class":2059},[45,163224,64],{"class":67},[45,163226,9264],{"class":202},[45,163228,26991],{"class":105},[45,163230,22287],{"class":202},[45,163232,163233],{"class":67}," costs $",[45,163235,9264],{"class":202},[45,163237,25132],{"class":105},[45,163239,22287],{"class":202},[45,163241,64],{"class":67},[45,163243,118],{"class":59},[14,163245,36582,163246,102],{},[364,163247,163249],{"href":163248},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[31,163251,163253,163254],{"id":163252},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[18,163255,64297],{},[1864,163257,1722,163259,163261],{"id":163258},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[18,163260,64297],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163263,163264,163266],{},[18,163265,64297],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163268,163269],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[36,163271,163273],{"className":38,"code":163272,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[18,163274,163275],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163276,163277,163279,163281,163283,163285,163287,163289,163291,163293,163295],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163278,125],{"class":124},[45,163280,109],{"class":59},[45,163282,11150],{"class":124},[45,163284,109],{"class":59},[45,163286,111588],{"class":105},[45,163288,9219],{"class":59},[45,163290,38367],{"class":124},[45,163292,109],{"class":59},[45,163294,80783],{"class":105},[45,163296,1802],{"class":59},[1864,163298,163300],{"id":163299},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163302,68807],{},[36,163304,163306],{"className":38,"code":163305,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[18,163307,163308,163344,163348,163361,163371,163375,163387],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163309,163310,163312,163314,163316,163318,163320,163322,163324,163326,163328,163330,163332,163334,163336,163338,163340,163342],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163311,9201],{"class":51},[45,163313,56],{"class":55},[45,163315,161413],{"class":124},[45,163317,2979],{"class":59},[45,163319,203],{"class":202},[45,163321,73],{"class":59},[45,163323,208],{"class":202},[45,163325,18047],{"class":59},[45,163327,60],{"class":59},[45,163329,64],{"class":63},[45,163331,364],{"class":67},[45,163333,64],{"class":63},[45,163335,73],{"class":59},[45,163337,76],{"class":63},[45,163339,373],{"class":67},[45,163341,64],{"class":63},[45,163343,3880],{"class":59},[45,163345,163346],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,163347,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,163349,163350,163352,163354,163356,163359],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163351,970],{"class":969},[45,163353,973],{"class":51},[45,163355,976],{"class":969},[45,163357,163358],{"class":51}," pairs",[45,163360,1213],{"class":59},[45,163362,163363,163365,163367,163369],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,163364,8055],{"class":124},[45,163366,109],{"class":59},[45,163368,23293],{"class":105},[45,163370,118],{"class":59},[45,163372,163373],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,163374,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,163376,163377,163379,163381,163383,163385],{"class":47,"line":1231},[45,163378,970],{"class":969},[45,163380,973],{"class":51},[45,163382,976],{"class":969},[45,163384,163358],{"class":51},[45,163386,1213],{"class":59},[45,163388,163389,163391,163393,163395],{"class":47,"line":1236},[45,163390,8055],{"class":124},[45,163392,109],{"class":59},[45,163394,23293],{"class":105},[45,163396,118],{"class":59},[14,163398,163399],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1864,163401,163403],{"id":163402},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163405,163406],{},"This is correct:",[36,163408,163410],{"className":38,"code":163409,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,163411,163412,163436,163452,163456,163480],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163413,163414,163416,163418,163420,163422,163424,163426,163428,163430,163432,163434],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163415,4986],{"class":51},[45,163417,56],{"class":55},[45,163419,60],{"class":59},[45,163421,64],{"class":63},[45,163423,12867],{"class":67},[45,163425,64],{"class":63},[45,163427,73],{"class":59},[45,163429,76],{"class":63},[45,163431,35922],{"class":67},[45,163433,64],{"class":63},[45,163435,93],{"class":59},[45,163437,163438,163440,163442,163444,163446,163448,163450],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,163439,578],{"class":51},[45,163441,56],{"class":55},[45,163443,60],{"class":59},[45,163445,13487],{"class":202},[45,163447,73],{"class":59},[45,163449,13492],{"class":202},[45,163451,93],{"class":59},[45,163453,163454],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163455,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,163457,163458,163460,163462,163464,163466,163468,163470,163472,163474,163476,163478],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,163459,970],{"class":969},[45,163461,35973],{"class":51},[45,163463,73],{"class":59},[45,163465,5096],{"class":51},[45,163467,976],{"class":969},[45,163469,161413],{"class":124},[45,163471,109],{"class":59},[45,163473,5030],{"class":105},[45,163475,73],{"class":59},[45,163477,5101],{"class":105},[45,163479,8327],{"class":59},[45,163481,163482,163484,163486,163488,163490,163492],{"class":47,"line":256},[45,163483,8055],{"class":124},[45,163485,109],{"class":59},[45,163487,7656],{"class":105},[45,163489,73],{"class":59},[45,163491,130701],{"class":105},[45,163493,118],{"class":59},[14,163495,163496],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[36,163498,163500],{"className":38,"code":163499,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[18,163501,163502,163522],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163503,163504,163506,163508,163510,163512,163514,163516,163518,163520],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163505,970],{"class":969},[45,163507,973],{"class":51},[45,163509,976],{"class":969},[45,163511,161413],{"class":124},[45,163513,109],{"class":59},[45,163515,5030],{"class":105},[45,163517,73],{"class":59},[45,163519,5101],{"class":105},[45,163521,8327],{"class":59},[45,163523,163524,163526,163528,163530],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,163525,8055],{"class":124},[45,163527,109],{"class":59},[45,163529,23293],{"class":105},[45,163531,118],{"class":59},[14,163533,268],{},[36,163535,163537],{"className":38,"code":163536,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[18,163538,163539,163555],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163540,163541,163543,163545,163547,163549,163551,163553],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163542,109],{"class":59},[45,163544,429],{"class":63},[45,163546,12867],{"class":67},[45,163548,429],{"class":63},[45,163550,73],{"class":59},[45,163552,19884],{"class":202},[45,163554,118],{"class":59},[45,163556,163557,163559,163561,163563,163565,163567,163569],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,163558,109],{"class":59},[45,163560,429],{"class":63},[45,163562,35922],{"class":67},[45,163564,429],{"class":63},[45,163566,73],{"class":59},[45,163568,13492],{"class":202},[45,163570,118],{"class":59},[14,163572,163573],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1864,163575,1736,163577,163579,163580],{"id":163576},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[18,163578,64297],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[18,163581,35731],{},[14,163583,141,163584,163586],{},[18,163585,64297],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163588,141,163589,163591],{},[18,163590,35731],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[36,163593,163594],{"className":38,"code":35899,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[18,163595,163596,163628,163632,163652],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163597,163598,163600,163602,163604,163606,163608,163610,163612,163614,163616,163618,163620,163622,163624,163626],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163599,4986],{"class":51},[45,163601,56],{"class":55},[45,163603,60],{"class":59},[45,163605,64],{"class":63},[45,163607,12867],{"class":67},[45,163609,64],{"class":63},[45,163611,73],{"class":59},[45,163613,76],{"class":63},[45,163615,35922],{"class":67},[45,163617,64],{"class":63},[45,163619,73],{"class":59},[45,163621,76],{"class":63},[45,163623,35931],{"class":67},[45,163625,64],{"class":63},[45,163627,93],{"class":59},[45,163629,163630],{"class":47,"line":96},[45,163631,242],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":241},[45,163633,163634,163636,163638,163640,163642,163644,163646,163648,163650],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163635,970],{"class":969},[45,163637,35803],{"class":51},[45,163639,73],{"class":59},[45,163641,35950],{"class":51},[45,163643,976],{"class":969},[45,163645,35813],{"class":124},[45,163647,109],{"class":59},[45,163649,5030],{"class":105},[45,163651,8327],{"class":59},[45,163653,163654,163656,163658,163660,163662,163664],{"class":47,"line":134},[45,163655,8055],{"class":124},[45,163657,109],{"class":59},[45,163659,1321],{"class":105},[45,163661,73],{"class":59},[45,163663,35973],{"class":105},[45,163665,118],{"class":59},[14,163667,163668,163669,102],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[364,163670,3569,163671,3502],{"href":91861},[18,163672,35731],{},[31,163674,1862],{"id":1861},[1864,163676,5133,163678,5136],{"id":163677},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[18,163679,64297],{},[14,163681,163682],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1864,163684,175,163686,163688],{"id":163685},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[18,163687,64297],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163690,163691],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1864,163693,163695,163696,2485],{"id":163694},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[18,163697,64297],{},[14,163699,163700,163701,102],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[18,163702,162308],{},[1864,163704,163706,163707,2485],{"id":163705},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[18,163708,64297],{},[14,163710,128066,163711,163713],{},[18,163712,162461],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1864,163715,163717],{"id":163716},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163719,163720],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[31,163722,1909],{"id":1908},[157,163724,163725,163730,163736,163740,163744],{},[160,163726,163727],{},[364,163728,163729],{"href":163248},"How to use zip in Python",[160,163731,163732],{},[364,163733,3569,163734,3502],{"href":91861},[18,163735,35731],{},[160,163737,163738],{},[364,163739,5207],{"href":5577},[160,163741,163742],{},[364,163743,69660],{"href":69583},[160,163745,163746],{},[364,163747,32241],{"href":31067},[1936,163749,163750],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":96,"depth":96,"links":163752},[163753,163754,163756,163757,163758,163759,163767,163773,163782,163793],{"id":33,"depth":96,"text":34},{"id":161472,"depth":96,"text":163755},"What zip() does",{"id":2152,"depth":96,"text":2153},{"id":161865,"depth":96,"text":161866},{"id":162042,"depth":96,"text":162043},{"id":162294,"depth":96,"text":163760,"children":163761},"Converting zip() output",[163762,163764,163766],{"id":162305,"depth":121,"text":163763},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162458,"depth":121,"text":163765},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162628,"depth":121,"text":162629},{"id":41026,"depth":96,"text":41027,"children":163768},[163769,163770,163771,163772],{"id":162790,"depth":121,"text":162791},{"id":162907,"depth":121,"text":162908},{"id":163008,"depth":121,"text":163009},{"id":163119,"depth":121,"text":163120},{"id":163252,"depth":96,"text":163774,"children":163775},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163776,163778,163779,163780],{"id":163258,"depth":121,"text":163777},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163299,"depth":121,"text":163300},{"id":163402,"depth":121,"text":163403},{"id":163576,"depth":121,"text":163781},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1861,"depth":96,"text":1862,"children":163783},[163784,163786,163788,163790,163792],{"id":163677,"depth":121,"text":163785},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163685,"depth":121,"text":163787},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163694,"depth":121,"text":163789},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163705,"depth":121,"text":163791},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163716,"depth":121,"text":163717},{"id":1908,"depth":96,"text":1909},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161314,"description":163794},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945142038]